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Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%85_(%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9)" title="بلسم (عصارة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بلسم (عصارة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC_(%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%96)" title="Бальзам (лекі) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бальзам (лекі)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Балсам – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Балсам" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A0lsam" title="Bàlsam – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bàlsam" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balsam" title="Balsam – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Balsam" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balsame" title="Balsame – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Balsame" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1lsamo" title="Bálsamo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bálsamo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balzamo" title="Balzamo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Balzamo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balzam" title="Balzam – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Balzam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balsam" title="Balsam – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Balsam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Бальзам – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бальзам" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balzamas" title="Balzamas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Balzamas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balzsamolaj" title="Balzsamolaj – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Balzsamolaj" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balsama" title="Balsama – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Balsama" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balsem" title="Balsem – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Balsem" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B5%E3%83%A0" title="バルサム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バルサム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balzam" title="Balzam – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Balzam" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Бальзам – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бальзам" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balsami" title="Balsami – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Balsami" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balsam" title="Balsam – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Balsam" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balsam" title="Balsam – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Balsam" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Бальзами – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бальзами" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E8%84%82" title="香脂 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="香脂" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Resinous exudate which forms on certain kinds of trees and shrubs</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Balsam_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Balsam (disambiguation)">Balsam (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Balsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Balsa">Balsa</a>.</div> <p><b>Balsam</b> is the <a href="/wiki/Resin" title="Resin">resinous</a> exudate (or <a href="/wiki/Sap" title="Sap">sap</a>) which forms on certain kinds of trees and shrubs. Balsam (from <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <i>balsamum</i> "gum of the balsam tree," ultimately from a Semitic source such as <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">בֹּשֶׂם</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew" title="Romanization of Hebrew">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">bośem</i></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'spice, perfume') owes its name to the biblical <a href="/wiki/Balm_of_Gilead" title="Balm of Gilead">Balm of Gilead</a>. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Balsamum_tolutanum1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Balsamum_tolutanum1.JPG/180px-Balsamum_tolutanum1.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Balsamum_tolutanum1.JPG/270px-Balsamum_tolutanum1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Balsamum_tolutanum1.JPG/360px-Balsamum_tolutanum1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption><i>Balsamum tolutanum, Myroxylon balsamum</i></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Myroxylon_peruiferum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Myroxylon_peruiferum.jpg/250px-Myroxylon_peruiferum.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Myroxylon_peruiferum.jpg/330px-Myroxylon_peruiferum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Myroxylon_peruiferum.jpg/500px-Myroxylon_peruiferum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1136" data-file-height="1520" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Myroxylon" title="Myroxylon">Myroxylon</a></i>, the source of <a href="/wiki/Balsam_of_Peru" title="Balsam of Peru">Balsam of Peru</a> and <a href="/wiki/Balsam_of_Tolu" class="mw-redirect" title="Balsam of Tolu">Balsam of Tolu</a>, is a genus of tree grown in <a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central America</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a>. Pictured is <i>Myroxylon peruiferum</i>. </figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chemistry">Chemistry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balsam&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Chemistry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Balsam is a <a href="/wiki/Solution_(chemistry)" title="Solution (chemistry)">solution</a> of plant-specific <a href="/wiki/Resins" class="mw-redirect" title="Resins">resins</a> in plant-specific <a href="/wiki/Solvent" title="Solvent">solvents</a> (<a href="/wiki/Essential_oil" title="Essential oil">essential oils</a>). Such resins can include resin <a href="/wiki/Acid" title="Acid">acids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ester" title="Ester">esters</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(chemistry)" title="Alcohol (chemistry)">alcohols</a>. The exudate is a mobile to highly viscous liquid often containing crystallized resin particles. Over time and as a result of other influences the exudate loses its liquidizing components or gets chemically converted into a solid material (i.e. by <a href="/wiki/Autoxidation" title="Autoxidation">autoxidation</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-urn_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Balsams often contain <a href="/wiki/Benzoic_acid" title="Benzoic acid">benzoic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Cinnamic_acid" title="Cinnamic acid">cinnamic acid</a> or their esters.<sup id="cite_ref-cmp_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cmp-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Plant resins are sometimes classified according to other plant constituents in the mixture, for example as:<sup id="cite_ref-cmp_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cmp-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>pure resins (<a href="/wiki/Guaiac" class="mw-redirect" title="Guaiac">guaiac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hashish" title="Hashish">hashish</a>),</li> <li>gum-resins (containing <a href="/wiki/Natural_gum" title="Natural gum">gums</a>/<a href="/wiki/Polysaccharide" title="Polysaccharide">polysaccharides</a>),</li> <li>oleo-gum-resins (a mixture of gums, resins and essential oils),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleo-resin" class="mw-redirect" title="Oleo-resin">oleo-resins</a> (a mixture of resins and essential oils, e. g. <a href="/wiki/Capsicum" title="Capsicum">capsicum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ginger" title="Ginger">ginger</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aspidinol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aspidinol (page does not exist)">aspidinol</a>),</li> <li>balsams (resinous mixtures that contain <a href="/wiki/Cinnamic_acid" title="Cinnamic acid">cinnamic</a> and/or <a href="/wiki/Benzoic_acid" title="Benzoic acid">benzoic acid</a> or their esters),</li> <li>glycoresins (<a href="/wiki/Podophyllin" class="mw-redirect" title="Podophyllin">podophyllin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jalap" title="Jalap">jalap</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kava_kava" class="mw-redirect" title="Kava kava">kava kava</a>),</li> <li>fossil resins (<a href="/wiki/Amber" title="Amber">amber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asphaltite" title="Asphaltite">asphaltite</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Utah_resin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Utah resin (page does not exist)">Utah resin</a>).</li></ul> <p>Usually, animal secretions (<a href="/wiki/Musk" title="Musk">musk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shellac" title="Shellac">shellac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beeswax" title="Beeswax">beeswax</a>) are excluded from this definition. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Balsam_of_Matariyya">The Balsam of Matariyya</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balsam&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The Balsam of Matariyya"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Balsam of Matariyya was a substance famous as a panacea among physicians in the Middle East and Europe during the Antique and Medieval periods. The substance has long been used as a medicine, with early references to the substance recorded as far back as 285 BC. The Balsam of Matariyya was said to be derived from an Egyptian plant and is sometimes also referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Balm_of_Gilead" title="Balm of Gilead">balm of Gilead</a> or the balm of Mecca.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_balsams">List of balsams</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balsam&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: List of balsams"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acaroid_resin" title="Acaroid resin">Acaroid resin</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Xanthorrhoea" title="Xanthorrhoea">Xanthorrhoea</a></i> spp.)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acouchi_balsam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acouchi balsam (page does not exist)">Acouchi balsam</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Protium_(plant)" title="Protium (plant)">Protium</a></i> spp.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammoniacum" title="Ammoniacum">Ammoniacum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asafoetida" title="Asafoetida">Asafoetida</a> (<a href="/wiki/Laser_(resin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Laser (resin)">Laser</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balm_of_Gilead" title="Balm of Gilead">Balm of Gilead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balm_of_Mecca" class="mw-redirect" title="Balm of Mecca">Balm of Mecca</a></li> <li>Balsam fir - (<i><a href="/wiki/Abies_balsamea" title="Abies balsamea">Abies balsamea</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balsam_of_Peru" title="Balsam of Peru">Balsam of Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balsam_of_Tolu" class="mw-redirect" title="Balsam of Tolu">Balsam of Tolu</a></li> <li>Balsam poplars - (<i><a href="/wiki/Populus_sect._Tacamahaca" title="Populus sect. Tacamahaca">Populus sect. Tacamahaca</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisabol" class="mw-redirect" title="Bisabol">Bisabol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bdellium" title="Bdellium">Bdellium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzoin_resin" class="mw-redirect" title="Benzoin resin">Benzoin resin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukhoor" class="mw-redirect" title="Bukhoor">Bukhoor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabreuva_balsam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cabreuva balsam (page does not exist)">Cabreuva balsam</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Myrocarpus_frondosus" title="Myrocarpus frondosus">Myrocarpus frondosus</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Myrocarpus_fastigatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Myrocarpus fastigatus (page does not exist)">Myrocarpus fastigatus</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camphor" title="Camphor">Camphor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_balsam" title="Canada balsam">Canada balsam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_lacquer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese lacquer">Chinese lacquer</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Toxicodendron" title="Toxicodendron">Toxicodendron</a> vernicifluum</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balsam_of_copaiba" class="mw-redirect" title="Balsam of copaiba">Copaiba balsam</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Copaifera" title="Copaifera">Copaifera</a></i> spp.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copal" title="Copal">Copal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corneiba_balsam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corneiba balsam (page does not exist)">Corneiba balsam</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Schinus_terebinthifolius" class="mw-redirect" title="Schinus terebinthifolius">Schinus terebinthifolius</a></i> or <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithraea_brasiliensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lithraea brasiliensis (page does not exist)">Lithraea brasiliensis</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damar_gum" class="mw-redirect" title="Damar gum">Damar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon%27s_blood" title="Dragon's blood">Dragon's blood</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Calamus_draco" title="Calamus draco">Calamus draco</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elemi" class="mw-redirect" title="Elemi">Elemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankincense" title="Frankincense">Frankincense</a> (<a href="/wiki/Olibanum" class="mw-redirect" title="Olibanum">Olibanum</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galbanum" title="Galbanum">Galbanum</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guaiacum_officinale" title="Guaiacum officinale">Guaiacum officinale</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guggul" class="mw-redirect" title="Guggul">Guggul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurjun_balsam" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurjun balsam">Gurjun balsam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imbauba_balsam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imbauba balsam (page does not exist)">Imbauba balsam</a> (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cecropia_adenopus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cecropia adenopus (page does not exist)">Cecropia adenopus</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labdanum" title="Labdanum">Labdanum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastic_(plant_resin)" title="Mastic (plant resin)">Mastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrrh" title="Myrrh">Myrrh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Obira_balsam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Obira balsam (page does not exist)">Obira balsam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Apocynaceae" title="Apocynaceae">Apocynaceae</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Opopanax_(genus)" title="Opopanax (genus)">Opopanax</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umiri_balsam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umiri balsam (page does not exist)">Umiri balsam</a> (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humiria_floribunda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Humiria floribunda (page does not exist)">Humiria floribunda</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosin" title="Rosin">Rosin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Colophony" class="mw-redirect" title="Colophony">Colophony</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagapenum" title="Sagapenum">Sagapenum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandarac" title="Sandarac">Sandarac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarcocolla" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarcocolla">Sarcocolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storax_balsam" title="Storax balsam">Storax balsam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turpentine" title="Turpentine">Turpentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venice_turpentine" class="mw-redirect" title="Venice turpentine">Venice turpentine</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Larch_turpentine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Larch turpentine (page does not exist)">Larch turpentine</a>) (<i><a href="/wiki/Larix_occidentalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Larix occidentalis">Larix occidentalis</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wallaba_balsam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wallaba balsam (page does not exist)">Wallaba balsam</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Eperua" title="Eperua">Eperua</a></i> spp.)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Safety">Safety</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balsam&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Safety"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some balsams, such as <a href="/wiki/Balsam_of_Peru" title="Balsam of Peru">Balsam of Peru</a>, may be associated with <a href="/wiki/Allergy" title="Allergy">allergies</a>. In particular, <a href="/wiki/Euphorbia" title="Euphorbia">Euphorbia</a> <a href="/wiki/Latex" title="Latex">latex</a> ("wolf's milk") is strongly irritant and is <a href="/wiki/Cytotoxic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cytotoxic">cytotoxic</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balsam&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basamum" title="Basamum">Basamum</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balsam&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-urn-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-urn_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKlemens_FiebachDieter_Grimm2007" class="citation cs2">Klemens Fiebach; Dieter Grimm (2007), "Resins, Natural", <a href="/wiki/Ullmann%27s_Encyclopedia_of_Industrial_Chemistry" title="Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry"><i>Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry</i></a> (7th ed.), Wiley, p. 2, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F14356007.a23_073">10.1002/14356007.a23_073</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-527-30673-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-527-30673-2"><bdi>978-3-527-30673-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Resins%2C+Natural&rft.btitle=Ullmann%27s+Encyclopedia+of+Industrial+Chemistry&rft.pages=2&rft.edition=7th&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F14356007.a23_073&rft.isbn=978-3-527-30673-2&rft.au=Klemens+Fiebach&rft.au=Dieter+Grimm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalsam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cmp-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cmp_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cmp_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAndrew_Pengelly2004" class="citation cs2">Andrew Pengelly (2004), "Essential oils and resins", <i>The constituents of medicinal plants</i> (2nd ed.), Allen & Unwin, p. 102</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Essential+oils+and+resins&rft.btitle=The+constituents+of+medicinal+plants&rft.pages=102&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Allen+%26+Unwin&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Andrew+Pengelly&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalsam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Balsam"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Balsam">"Balsam" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Balsam&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalsam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMILWRIGHT2003" class="citation journal cs1">MILWRIGHT, MARCUS (June 2003). "The balsam of Matariyya: an exploration of a medieval panacea". <i>Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies</i>. <b>66</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">193–</span>209. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0041977x03000119">10.1017/s0041977x03000119</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0041-977X">0041-977X</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163105374">163105374</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+School+of+Oriental+and+African+Studies&rft.atitle=The+balsam+of+Matariyya%3A+an+exploration+of+a+medieval+panacea&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E193-%3C%2Fspan%3E209&rft.date=2003-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163105374%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0041-977X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0041977x03000119&rft.aulast=MILWRIGHT&rft.aufirst=MARCUS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalsam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1097304697">.mw-parser-output .dmbox{display:flex;align-items:center;clear:both;margin:0.9em 1em;border-top:1px solid #ccc;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;padding:0.25em 0.35em;font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .dmbox>*{flex-shrink:0;margin:0 0.25em}.mw-parser-output .dmbox-body{flex-grow:1;flex-shrink:1;padding:0.1em 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