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cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> Edit </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238436933">.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}</style><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice nutshell" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Walnut.png/30px-Walnut.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Walnut.png/45px-Walnut.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Walnut.png/60px-Walnut.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="192"></td><td class="mbox-text">This page in a nutshell: Scribbling is a way to create complex templates and is more robust than <a href="/wiki/Help:Magic_words#Parser_functions" title="Help:Magic words">parser functions</a>. A scribbled template consists of only {{#invoke:Name1|Name2}}, which invokes the script at Module:Name1, where the code is written. To get started, refer to <a href="/wiki/Module:Example" title="Module:Example">Module:Example</a>. Try the module by using <a href="/wiki/Template:Basic_scribbling_example" title="Template:Basic scribbling example">Template:Basic scribbling example</a> in your sandbox.</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikipe-tan_the_Library_of_Babel.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Wikipe-tan_the_Library_of_Babel.png/220px-Wikipe-tan_the_Library_of_Babel.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Wikipe-tan_the_Library_of_Babel.png/330px-Wikipe-tan_the_Library_of_Babel.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Wikipe-tan_the_Library_of_Babel.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="500"></a><figcaption>"Shh! I'm reading about how to Scribble templates."</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1044870489">@media all and (max-width:720px){body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .tocright{display:none}.mw-parser-output .tocright{width:100%!important}}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tocright{float:right;clear:right;width:auto;margin:0 0 0.5em 1em}.mw-parser-output .tocright-clear-left{clear:left}.mw-parser-output .tocright-clear-both{clear:both}.mw-parser-output .tocright-clear-none{clear:none}}</style><div class="tocright"><div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Lua">1 Lua</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Template_structure">2 Template structure</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Module_basics">3 Module basics</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Overall_structure">3.1 Overall structure</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-5"><a href="#A_named_local_table">3.1.1 A named local table</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="#An_unnamed_table_generated_on_the_fly">3.1.2 An unnamed table generated on the fly</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="#Execution">3.1.3 Execution</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Receiving_template_arguments">3.2 Receiving template arguments</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Errors">3.3 Errors</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Tips_and_tricks">4 Tips and tricks</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Arguments_tables_are_%22special%22.">4.1 Arguments tables are "special".</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Copy_table_contents_into_local_variables.">4.2 Copy table contents into local variables.</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Don't_expand_templates,_even_though_you_can.">4.3 Don't expand templates, even though you can.</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Notes">5 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#References">6 References</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Cross-references">6.1 Cross-references</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Citations">6.2 Citations</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#Further_reading">7 Further reading</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Lua_2">7.1 Lua</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> This is the Guide to Scribbling. Scribbling, also known as Luafication, is the act of writing a template, or converting a template, so that it uses <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Scribunto" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Scribunto">the Scribunto extension</a> to <a href="/wiki/MediaWiki" title="MediaWiki">MediaWiki</a>. The Scribunto extension<a href="#cite_note-2">[a]</a> was developed by <a href="/wiki/User:Tim_Starling" title="User:Tim Starling">Tim Starling</a> and <a href="/wiki/User:VasilievVV" title="User:VasilievVV">Victor Vasiliev</a>, and allows for embedding scripting languages in MediaWiki. Currently the only supported scripting language is <a href="/wiki/Lua_(programming_language)" title="Lua (programming language)">Lua</a>. This Guide aims to give you a broad overview of Scribbling, and pointers to further information in various places. Scribbled templates come in two parts: the template itself and one or more back-end modules — in the <code>Module:</code> namespace — that contain programs that are run on <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_servers" class="extiw" title="m:Wikimedia servers">the wiki servers</a> to generate the wikitext that the template expands to. The template invokes a function within a module using a new <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Parser_function" class="extiw" title="m:Help:Parser function">parser function</a> named <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">{{#invoke:}}</code>. The idea of Scribbling is to improve template processing performance. Scribbling eliminates any need for template parser function programming using parser functions such as <code>{{#if}}</code>, <code>{{#ifeq}}</code>, <code>{{#switch}}</code> and <code>{{#expr}}</code>. All of this is instead done in the module, in a language that was actually designed to be a programming language, rather than a template system onto which was bolted various extensions over time to try to make it into a programming language.<a href="#cite_note-3">[b]</a> Scribbling also eliminates any need for templates to expand to further templates and potentially hit the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Expansion_depth" class="extiw" title="m:Help:Expansion depth">expansion depth limit</a>. A fully Scribbled template should never need to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Transclusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Transclusion">transclude</a> other templates.<a href="#cite_note-4">[c]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Lua" data-mw-thread-id="h-Lua">Lua</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Guide_to_Scribbling&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Lua" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Lua_(programming_language)" title="Lua (programming language)">Lua (programming language)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Help:Lua_for_beginners" title="Help:Lua for beginners">Help:Lua for beginners</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_Scribbling/Programmers%27_Quick_start_Guide_to_Lua" title="Wikipedia:Guide to Scribbling/Programmers' Quick start Guide to Lua">Wikipedia:Guide to Scribbling/Programmers' Quick start Guide to Lua</a></div> The language in which modules are written is Lua. Unlike the template parser function system, Lua was actually designed not only to be a proper programming language, but also to be a programming language that is suitable for what is known as embedded scripting. Modules in MediaWiki are an example of embedded scripts. There are several embedded scripting languages that could have been used, including <a href="/wiki/REXX" class="mw-redirect" title="REXX">REXX</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tcl" title="Tcl">tcl</a>; and indeed the original aim of Scribunto was to make available a choice of such languages. At the moment, however, only Lua is available. The official reference manual for Lua is <a href="#CITEREFIerusalimschyde_FigueiredoCeles2006">Ierusalimschy, de Figueiredo & Celes 2006</a>. It's a reference, not a tutorial. Consult it if you want to know the syntax or semantics for something. For a tutorial, see either <a href="#CITEREFIerusalimschy2006">Ierusalimschy 2006</a> (<a href="#CITEREFIerusalimschy2003">Ierusalimschy 2003</a> is also available, although it is of course out of date.) or <a href="#CITEREFJungBrown2007">Jung & Brown 2007</a>. The downsides to these books are that quite a lot of the things that they tell you about have no bearing upon using Lua in MediaWiki modules. You don't need to know how to install Lua and how to integrate its interpreter into a program or run it standalone. The MediaWiki developers have done all of that. Similarly, a lot of the Lua library functions are, for security, not available in modules. (For example, it's not possible to do file I/O or to make operating system calls in MediaWiki modules.) So, much of what these books explain about Lua standard library functions and variables that come with the language is either irrelevant or untrue here. The original API specification — the Lua standard library functions and variables that are supposed to be available in modules — is given at <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Scribunto/API_specification" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Scribunto/API specification">MW:Extension:Scribunto/API specification</a>. However, even that is untrue. What you'll actually have available is documented in <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual">MW:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual</a>, which is a cut down version of the 1st Edition Lua manual that has been edited down and modified by Tim Starling to bring it more into line with the reality of Scribbling. Again, though, this is a reference manual, not a tutorial. The things in Lua that you will mostly be concerned with, writing Scribbled templates, are tables, strings numbers, booleans, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">nil</code>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">if ... then ... else ... end</code>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">while ... do ... end</code>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">for ... in ... do ... end</code> (generated <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">for</code>), <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">for ... do ... end</code> (numerical <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">for</code>), <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">repeat ... until</code>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">function ... end</code>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">local</code>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">return</code>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">break</code>, expressions and the various operators (including <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">#</code>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">..</code>, the arithmetic operators <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">+</code>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">-</code>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">*</code>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">/</code>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">^</code>, and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">%</code>), and the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">string</code>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">math</code>, and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">mw</code> global tables (i.e. libraries). </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Template_structure" data-mw-thread-id="h-Template_structure">Template structure</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Guide_to_Scribbling&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Template structure" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> This is simple. Your template comprises one expansion of <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">{{#invoke:}}</code> in the usual case. Here is {{<a href="/wiki/Template:Harvard_citation" title="Template:Harvard citation">Harvard citation</a>}}, for example: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><includeonly>{{#invoke:Footnotes|harvard_citation |bracket_left= ( |bracket_right = ) }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}}  </noinclude> </pre></div> If you find yourself wanting to use other templates within your template, or to use template parser functions, or indeed anything at all other than <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">{{#invoke:}}</code> and possibly some <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Variable" class="extiw" title="m:Help:Variable">variables</a> as its arguments, then you are using the wrong approach. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Module_basics" data-mw-thread-id="h-Module_basics">Module basics</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Guide_to_Scribbling&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Module basics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overall_structure" data-mw-thread-id="h-Overall_structure-Module_basics">Overall structure</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Guide_to_Scribbling&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Overall structure" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Let's consider a hypothetical module, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Population&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Module:Population (page does not exist)">Module:Population</a>. It can be structured in one of two ways: <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="A_named_local_table" data-mw-thread-id="h-A_named_local_table-Overall_structure">A named local table</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Guide_to_Scribbling&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: A named local table" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr mw-highlight-lines" dir="ltr"><pre>local p = {} function p.India(frame) return "1,21,01,93,422 people at (nominally) 2011-03-01 00:00:00 +0530" end return p </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="An_unnamed_table_generated_on_the_fly" data-mw-thread-id="h-An_unnamed_table_generated_on_the_fly-Overall_structure">An unnamed table generated on the fly</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Guide_to_Scribbling&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: An unnamed table generated on the fly" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr mw-highlight-lines" dir="ltr"><pre>return { India = function(frame) return "1,21,01,93,422 people at (nominally) 2011-03-01 00:00:00 +0530" end } </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Execution" data-mw-thread-id="h-Execution-Overall_structure">Execution</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Guide_to_Scribbling&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Execution" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The execution of a module by <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">{{#invoke:}}</code> is actually twofold: <ol><li>The module is loaded and the entire script is run. This loads up any additional modules that the module needs (using the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">require()</code> function), builds the (invocable) functions that the module will provide to templates, and returns a table of them.</li> <li>The function named in <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">{{#invoke:}}</code> is picked out of the table built in phase 1 and called, with the arguments supplied to the template and the arguments supplied to <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">{{#invoke:}}</code> (more on which <a href="#Receiving_template_arguments">later</a>).</li></ol> The first Lua script does phase 1 fairly explicitly. It creates a local variable named <code>p</code> on line 1, initialized to a table; builds and adds a function to it (lines 3–5), by giving the function the name <code>India</code> in the table named by <code>p</code> (<code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">function p.India</code> being the same as saying <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">p["India"] = function</code><a href="#cite_note-6">[d]</a>); and then returns (on line 7) the table as the last line of the script. To expand such a script with more (invocable) functions, one adds them between the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">local</code> statement at the top and the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">return</code> statement at the bottom. (Non-invocable local functions can be added before the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">local</code> statement.) The local variable doesn't have to be named <code>p</code>. It could be named any valid Lua variable name that you like. <code>p</code> is simply conventional for this purpose, and is also the name that you can use to test the script in the debug console of the Module editor. The second Lua script does the same thing, but more "idiomatically". Instead of creating a named variable as a table, it creates an anonymous table on the fly, in the middle of the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">return</code> statement, which is the only (executed during the first phase) statement in the script. The <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">India = function(frame) ... end</code> on lines 2–4 creates an (also anonymous) function and inserts it into the table under the name <code>India</code>. To expand such a script with more (invocable) functions, one adds them as further fields in the table. (Non-invocable local functions can, again, be added before the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">return</code> statement.) In both cases, the template code that one writes is <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">{{#invoke:Population|India}}</code> to invoke the function named <code>India</code> from the module <a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Population&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Module:Population (page does not exist)">Module:Population</a>. Also note that <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">function</code> builds a function, as an object, to be called. It doesn't declare it, as you might be used to from other programming languages, and the function isn't executed until it is called. One can do more complex things than this, of course. For example: One can declare other local variables in addition to <code>p</code>, to hold tables of data (such as lists of Language or country names), that the module uses. But this is the basic structure of a module. You make a table full of stuff, and return it. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Receiving_template_arguments" data-mw-thread-id="h-Receiving_template_arguments-Module_basics">Receiving template arguments</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Guide_to_Scribbling&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Receiving template arguments" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> An ordinary function in Lua can take an (effectively) arbitrary number of arguments. Witness this function from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikitext&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Module:Wikitext (page does not exist)">Module:Wikitext</a> that can be called with anywhere between zero and three arguments: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>function z.oxfordlist(args,separator,ampersand) </pre></div> Functions called by <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">{{#invoke:}}</code> are special. They expect to be passed exactly one argument, a table that is called a frame (and so is conventionally given the parameter name <code>frame</code> in the parameter list of the function). It's called a frame because, unfortunately, the developers chose to name it for their convenience. It's named after an internal structure within the code of MediaWiki itself, which it sort of represents.<a href="#cite_note-7">[e]</a> This frame has a (sub-)table within it, named <code>args</code>. It also has a means for accessing its parent frame (again, named after a thing in MediaWiki). The parent frame also has a (sub-)table within it, also named <code>args</code>. <ul><li>The arguments in the (child, one supposes) frame — i.e. the value of the <code>frame</code> parameter to the function — are the arguments passed to <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">{{#invoke:}}</code> within the wikitext of your template. So, for example, if you were to write <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">{{#invoke:Population|India|a|b|class="popdata"}}</code> in your template then the arguments sub-table of the child frame would be (as written in Lua form) <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">{ "a", "b", class="popdata" }</code>.</li> <li>The arguments in the parent frame are the arguments passed to your template when it was transcluded. So, for example, were the user of your template to write <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">{{Population of India|c|d|language=Hindi}}</code> then the arguments sub-table of the parent frame would be (as written in Lua form) <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">{ "c", "d", language="Hindi" }</code>.</li></ul> A handy programmers' idiom that you can use, to make this all a bit easier, is to have local variables named (say) <code>config</code> and <code>args</code> in your function, that point to these two argument tables. See this, from <a href="/wiki/Module:WikidataCheck" title="Module:WikidataCheck">Module:WikidataCheck</a>: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>function p.wikidatacheck(frame) local pframe = frame:getParent() local config = frame.args -- the arguments passed BY the template, in the wikitext of the template itself local args = pframe.args -- the arguments passed TO the template, in the wikitext that transcludes the template </pre></div> Everything in <code>config</code> is thus an argument that you have specified, in your template, that you can reference with code such as <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">config[1]</code> and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">config["class"]</code>. These will be things that tell your module function its "configuration" (e.g. a CSS class name that can vary according to what template is used). Everything in <code>args</code> is thus an argument that the user of the template has specified, where it was transcluded, that you can reference with code such as <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">args[1]</code> and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">args["language"]</code>. These will be the normal template arguments, as documented on your template's <code>/doc</code> page. See {{<a href="/wiki/Template:Other_places" title="Template:Other places">other places</a>}} and {{<a href="/wiki/Template:Other_ships" title="Template:Other ships">other ships</a>}} for two templates that both do <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">{{#invoke:Other uses|otherX|x}}</code> but do so with different arguments in place of the <code>x</code>, thereby obtaining different results from one single common Lua function. For both sets of arguments, the name and value of the argument are exactly as in the wikitext, except that leading and trailing whitespace in named parameters is discounted. This has an effect on your code if you decide to support or employ transclusion/invocation argument names that aren't valid Lua variable names. You cannot use the "dot" form of table lookup in such cases. For instance: <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">args.author-first</code> is, as you can see from the syntax colourization here, not a reference to an <code>|author-first=</code> argument, but a reference to an <code>|author=</code> argument and a <code>first</code> variable with the subtraction operator in the middle. To access such an argument, use the "square bracket" form of table lookup: <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">args["author-first"]</code>. Named arguments are indexed in the <code>args</code> table by their name strings, of course. Positional arguments (whether as the result of an explicit <code>1=</code> or otherwise) are indexed in the <code>args</code> tables by number, not by string. <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">args[1]</code> is not the same as <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">args["1"]</code>, and the latter is effectively unsettable from wikitext. Finally, note that Lua modules can differentiate between arguments that have been used in the wikitext and simply set to an empty string, and arguments that aren't in the wikitext at all. The latter don't exist in the <code>args</code> table, and any attempt to index them will evaluate to <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">nil</code>. Whereas the former do exist in the table and evaluate to an empty string, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">""</code>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Errors" data-mw-thread-id="h-Errors-Module_basics">Errors</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Guide_to_Scribbling&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Errors" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Let's get one thing out of the way right at the start: Script error is a hyperlink. You can put the mouse pointer on it and click. We've become so conditioned by our (non-Scribbled) templates putting out error messages in red that we think that the Scribunto "Script error" error message is nothing but more of the same. It isn't. If you have <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> enabled in your WWW browser, it will pop up a window giving the details of the error, a call backtrace, and even hyperlinks that will take you to the location of the code where the error happened in the relevant module. You can cause an error to happen by calling the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">error()</code> function. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Tips_and_tricks" data-mw-thread-id="h-Tips_and_tricks">Tips and tricks</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Guide_to_Scribbling&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Tips and tricks" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id='Arguments_tables_are_"special".' data-mw-thread-id='h-Arguments_tables_are_"special".-Tips_and_tricks'>Arguments tables are "special".</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Guide_to_Scribbling&action=edit&section=11" title='Edit section: Arguments tables are "special".' class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> For reasons that are out of the scope of this Guide,<a href="#cite_note-8">[f]</a> the <code>args</code> sub-table of a frame is not quite like an ordinary table. It starts out empty, and it is populated with arguments as and when you execute code that looks for them.<a href="#cite_note-9">[g]</a> (It's possible to make tables that work like this in a Lua program, using things called metatables. That, too, is outwith the scope of this Guide.) An unfortunate side-effect of this is that some of the normal Lua table operators don't work on an <code>args</code> table. The length operator, <code>#</code>, will not work, and neither will the functions in Lua's <code>table</code> library. These only work with standard tables, and fail when presented with the special <code>args</code> table. However, the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">pairs()</code> and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">ipairs()</code> functions will both work, as code to make their use possible has been added by the developers. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Copy_table_contents_into_local_variables." data-mw-thread-id="h-Copy_table_contents_into_local_variables.-Tips_and_tricks">Copy table contents into local variables.</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Guide_to_Scribbling&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Copy table contents into local variables." class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> A name in Lua is either an access of a local variable or a table lookup.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIerusalimschyde_FigueiredoCeles2011&sect;EVAL_AND_ENVIRONMENTS-10">[3]</a> <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">math.floor</code> is a table lookup (of the string <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">"floor"</code>) in the (global) <code>math</code> table, for example. Table lookups are slower, at runtime, than local variable lookups. Table lookups in tables such as the <code>args</code> table with <a href="#Arguments_tables_are_%22special%22.">its "specialness"</a> are a lot slower. A function in Lua can have up to 250 local variables.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIerusalimschy200817-11">[4]</a> So make liberal use of them: <ul><li>If you call <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">math.floor</code> many times, copy it into a local variable and use that instead:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIerusalimschy200817-11">[4]</a><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>local floor = math.floor local a = floor((14 - date.mon) / 12) local y = date.year + 4800 - a local m = date.mon + 12 * a - 3 return date.day + floor((153 * m + 2) / 5) + 365 * y + floor(y / 4) - floor(y / 100) + floor(y / 400) - 2432046 </pre></div></li> <li>Don't use <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">args.something</code> over and over. Copy it into a local variable and use that:<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>local Tab = args.tab </pre></div>(Even the <code>args</code> variable itself is a way to avoid looking up <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">"args"</code> in the <code>frame</code> table over and over.)</li></ul> When copying arguments into local variables there are two useful things that you can do along the way: <ul><li>The alternative names for the same argument trick. If a template argument can go by different names — such as uppercase and lowercase forms, or different English spellings — then you can use Lua's <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">or</code> operator to pick the highest priority name that is actually supplied:<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>local Title = args.title or args.encyclopaedia or args.encyclopedia or args.dictionary local ISBN = args.isbn13 or args.isbn or args.ISBN </pre></div></li></ul> This works for two reasons: <ul><li><ul><li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">nil</code> is the same as <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">false</code> as far as <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">or</code> is concerned.</li> <li>Lua's <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">or</code> operator has what are known as "shortcut" semantics. If the left-hand operand evaluates to something that isn't <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">false</code> or <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">nil</code>, it doesn't bother even working out the value of the right-hand operand. (So whilst that first example may at first glance look like it does four lookups, in the commonest case, where <code>|title=</code> is used with the template, it in fact only actually does one.)</li></ul></li> <li>The default to empty string trick. Sometimes the fact that an omitted template argument is <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">nil</code> is useful. Other times, however, it isn't, and you want the behaviour of missing arguments being empty strings. A simple <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">or ""</code> at the end of an expression suffices:<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>local ID = args.id or args.ID or args[1] or "" </pre></div></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Don't_expand_templates,_even_though_you_can." data-mw-thread-id="h-Don't_expand_templates,_even_though_you_can.-Tips_and_tricks">Don't expand templates, even though you can.</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Guide_to_Scribbling&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Don't expand templates, even though you can." class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> If local variables are cheap and table lookups are expensive, then template expansion is way above your price bracket. Avoid <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">frame:preprocess()</code> like the plague. Nested template expansion using MediaWiki's preprocessor is what we're trying to get away from, after all. Most things that you'd do with that are done more simply, more quickly, and more maintainably, with simple Lua functions. Similarly, avoid things like using <a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:ISO_639_name_aze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:ISO 639 name aze (page does not exist)">w:Template:ISO 639 name aze</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Templates_for_discussion/Log/2020_August_14#ISO_639_name_from_code_templates" title="Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2020 August 14">deleted August 2020</a>) to store what is effectively an entry in a database. Reading it would be a nested parser call with concomitant database queries, all to map a string onto another string. Put a simple straightforward data table in your module, like the ones in <a href="/wiki/Module:Wikt-lang" title="Module:Wikt-lang">Module:Wikt-lang</a>. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Notes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Guide_to_Scribbling&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 50em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> The name "Scribunto" is Latin. "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/scribunto#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:scribunto">scribunto</a>" is third person plural <a href="/wiki/Future_tense" title="Future tense">future</a> <a href="/wiki/Active_voice" title="Active voice">active</a> <a href="/wiki/Imperative_mood" title="Imperative mood">imperative</a> of "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/scribunto#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:scribunto">scribere</a>" and means "they shall write". "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/scribble#English" class="extiw" title="wikt:scribble">scribble</a>" is of course an English word derived from that Latin word, via <a href="/wiki/Mediaeval_Latin" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediaeval Latin">Mediaeval Latin</a> "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/scribillare#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:scribillare">scribillare</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMW2003a1116-1">[1]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> For an idea of what "bolted-on" connotes when it comes to software design, see the <a href="/wiki/The_Flintstones" title="The Flintstones">Flintstones</a> cartoons where the rack of ribs from the Drive-Thru is so heavy that it causes the Flintstones' car to fall on its side. </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> It may need, until such time as the whole of the specified API for Scribunto is available to modules, to transclude <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:magic_words" class="extiw" title="m:Help:magic words">magic words</a>. See <a href="#Tips_and_tricks">the tips and tricks section</a>. Magic words are not templates, however. </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> The inventors of the language call this <a href="/wiki/Syntactic_sugar" title="Syntactic sugar">syntactic sugar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIerusalimschyde_FigueiredoCeles2011&sect;DATA-5">[2]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> In MediaWiki proper, there are more than two frames. </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> If you want to know, go and read about how MediaWiki, in part due to the burden laid upon it by the old templates-conditionally-transcluding-templates system, does <a href="/wiki/Lazy_evaluation" title="Lazy evaluation">lazy evaluation</a> of template arguments. </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> Don't be surprised, therefore, if you find a call backtrace showing a call to some other module in what you thought was an ordinary template argument reference. That will be because expansion of that argument involved expanding another Scribbled template. </li> </ol></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="References" data-mw-thread-id="h-References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Guide_to_Scribbling&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cross-references" data-mw-thread-id="h-Cross-references-References">Cross-references</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Guide_to_Scribbling&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Cross-references" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMW2003a1116-1"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMW2003a1116_1-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMW2003a">MW 2003a</a>, p. 1116. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIerusalimschyde_FigueiredoCeles2011&sect;DATA-5"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIerusalimschyde_FigueiredoCeles2011&sect;DATA_5-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIerusalimschyde_FigueiredoCeles2011">Ierusalimschy, de Figueiredo & Celes 2011</a>, §DATA. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIerusalimschyde_FigueiredoCeles2011&sect;EVAL_AND_ENVIRONMENTS-10"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIerusalimschyde_FigueiredoCeles2011&sect;EVAL_AND_ENVIRONMENTS_10-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIerusalimschyde_FigueiredoCeles2011">Ierusalimschy, de Figueiredo & Celes 2011</a>, §EVAL AND ENVIRONMENTS. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIerusalimschy200817-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIerusalimschy200817_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIerusalimschy200817_11-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFIerusalimschy2008">Ierusalimschy 2008</a>, p. 17. </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations" data-mw-thread-id="h-Citations-References">Citations</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Guide_to_Scribbling&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Citations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMW2003a" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"scribble". Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary: Eleventh Edition. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary (11th ed.). Merriam-Webster. 2003. p. 1116. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780877798095" title="Special:BookSources/9780877798095"><bdi>9780877798095</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Merriam-Webster%27s+Collegiate+Dictionary%3A+Eleventh+Edition&rft.btitle=Merriam-Webster%27s+Collegiate+Dictionary&rft.pages=1116&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Merriam-Webster&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780877798095&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3AGuide+to+Scribbling" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIerusalimschyde_FigueiredoCeles2011" class="citation journal cs1">Ierusalimschy, Roberto; de Figueiredo, Luiz Henrique; Celes, Waldemar (12 May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=1983083">"Passing a Language through the Eye of a Needle"</a>. Queue. 9 (5). Association for Computing Machinery. ACM 1542-7730/11/0500.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Queue&rft.atitle=Passing+a+Language+through+the+Eye+of+a+Needle&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=5&rft.date=2011-05-12&rft.aulast=Ierusalimschy&rft.aufirst=Roberto&rft.au=de+Figueiredo%2C+Luiz+Henrique&rft.au=Celes%2C+Waldemar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fqueue.acm.org%2Fdetail.cfm%3Fid%3D1983083&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3AGuide+to+Scribbling" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIerusalimschy2008" class="citation book cs1">Ierusalimschy, Roberto (December 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lua.org./gems/sample.pdf">"Lua Performance Tips"</a> (PDF). In de Figueiredo, Luiz Henrique; Celes, Waldemar; Ierusalimschy, Roberto (eds.). Lua Programming Gems. Lua.org. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-85-903798-4-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-85-903798-4-3"><bdi>978-85-903798-4-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lua+Performance+Tips&rft.btitle=Lua+Programming+Gems&rft.pub=Lua.org&rft.date=2008-12&rft.isbn=978-85-903798-4-3&rft.aulast=Ierusalimschy&rft.aufirst=Roberto&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flua.org.%2Fgems%2Fsample.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3AGuide+to+Scribbling" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Further_reading" data-mw-thread-id="h-Further_reading">Further reading</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Guide_to_Scribbling&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lua_2" data-mw-thread-id="h-Lua_2-Further_reading">Lua</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Guide_to_Scribbling&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Lua" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIerusalimschyde_FigueiredoCeles2006" class="citation book cs1">Ierusalimschy, Roberto; de Figueiredo, Luiz Henrique; Celes, Waldemar (August 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lua.org./manual/5.1/">Lua 5.1 Reference Manual</a>. Lua.org. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/85-903798-3-3" title="Special:BookSources/85-903798-3-3"><bdi>85-903798-3-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lua+5.1+Reference+Manual&rft.pub=Lua.org&rft.date=2006-08&rft.isbn=85-903798-3-3&rft.aulast=Ierusalimschy&rft.aufirst=Roberto&rft.au=de+Figueiredo%2C+Luiz+Henrique&rft.au=Celes%2C+Waldemar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flua.org.%2Fmanual%2F5.1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3AGuide+to+Scribbling" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIerusalimschy2006" class="citation book cs1">Ierusalimschy, Roberto (March 2006). Programming in Lua (Second ed.). Lua.org. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788590379829" title="Special:BookSources/9788590379829"><bdi>9788590379829</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Programming+in+Lua&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Lua.org&rft.date=2006-03&rft.isbn=9788590379829&rft.aulast=Ierusalimschy&rft.aufirst=Roberto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3AGuide+to+Scribbling" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIerusalimschy2003" class="citation book cs1">Ierusalimschy, Roberto (December 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lua.org./pil/#1ed">Programming in Lua</a> (First ed.). Lua.org. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/85-903798-1-7" title="Special:BookSources/85-903798-1-7"><bdi>85-903798-1-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Programming+in+Lua&rft.edition=First&rft.pub=Lua.org&rft.date=2003-12&rft.isbn=85-903798-1-7&rft.aulast=Ierusalimschy&rft.aufirst=Roberto&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flua.org.%2Fpil%2F%231ed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3AGuide+to+Scribbling" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJungBrown2007" class="citation book cs1">Jung, Kurt; Brown, Aaron (February 2007). Beginning Lua Programming. 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href="/wiki/Help:Colon_trick" title="Help:Colon trick">Colon trick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Link_color" title="Help:Link color">Link color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Pipe_trick" title="Help:Pipe trick">Pipe trick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:URL" title="Help:URL">URLs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media" class="mw-disambig" title="Wikipedia:Media">Media</a> files: images, videos and sounds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">Media help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Files" title="Help:Files">Files</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Creation_and_usage_of_media_files" title="Help:Creation and usage of media files">Creation and usage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Moving_files_to_Commons" title="Wikipedia:Moving files to Commons">Moving files to Commons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Images" title="Wikipedia:Images">Images</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_images_with_Wiki_Markup/1" title="Help:Introduction to images with Wiki Markup/1">Introduction to images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Pictures" title="Help:Pictures">Picture tutorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Preparing_images_for_upload" title="Wikipedia:Preparing images for upload">Preparing images for upload</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uploading_images" title="Wikipedia:Uploading images">Uploading images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Options_to_hide_an_image" title="Help:Options to hide an image">Options to hide an image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Extended_image_syntax" title="Wikipedia:Extended image syntax">Extended image syntax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:SVG_help" title="Wikipedia:SVG help">SVG help</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Gallery_tag" title="Help:Gallery tag">Gallery tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphics_tutorials" title="Wikipedia:Graphics tutorials">Graphics tutorials</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Basic_bitmap_image_editing" title="Wikipedia:Basic bitmap image editing">Basic bitmap image editing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_improve_image_quality" title="Wikipedia:How to improve image quality">How to improve image quality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphics_Lab/Resources" title="Wikipedia:Graphics Lab/Resources">Graphics Lab resources</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sound_file_markup" title="Help:Sound file markup">Sound file markup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Visual_file_markup" title="Help:Visual file markup">Visual file markup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Other graphics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Family_trees" title="Help:Family trees">Family trees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphs_and_charts" title="Wikipedia:Graphs and charts">Graphs and charts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_create_charts_for_Wikipedia_articles" title="Wikipedia:How to create charts for Wikipedia articles">How to create</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Barchart" title="Help:Barchart">Barcharts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:To_scale_charts" title="Wikipedia:To scale charts">To scale charts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula" title="Help:Displaying a formula">Math formulas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula#Use_of_HTML_templates" title="Help:Displaying a formula">Math symbols</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Score" title="Help:Score">Musical scores</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Musical_symbols" title="Help:Musical symbols">Musical symbols</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Timeline" title="Wikipedia:Timeline">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:EasyTimeline_syntax" title="Help:EasyTimeline syntax">EasyTimeline syntax</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:WikiHiero_syntax" title="Help:WikiHiero syntax">WikiHiero syntax</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:A_quick_guide_to_templates" title="Help:A quick guide to templates">Templates</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lua_(programming_language)" title="Lua (programming language)">Lua</a> modules</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Template" title="Help:Template">Templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Advanced_template_coding" title="Wikipedia:Advanced template coding">Advanced template coding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_documentation" title="Wikipedia:Template documentation">Template documentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index" title="Wikipedia:Template index">Template index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Template_limits" title="Help:Template limits">Template limits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_sandbox_and_test_cases" title="Wikipedia:Template sandbox and test cases">Template sandbox and test cases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Citation templates">Citation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Lua" title="Help:Lua">Lua help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua" title="Wikipedia:Lua">Lua project</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua/Resources" title="Wikipedia:Lua/Resources">Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua/To_do" title="Wikipedia:Lua/To do">To do</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Substitution" title="Help:Substitution">Substitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Purge" title="Help:Purge">Purge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Job_queue" title="Help:Job queue">Job queue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">Transclusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Labeled_section_transclusion" title="Help:Labeled section transclusion">Labeled section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Transclusion_costs_and_benefits" title="Wikipedia:Transclusion costs and benefits">Costs and benefits</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guide to Scribbling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Administration#Data_structure_and_development" title="Wikipedia:Administration">Data structure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Namespace" title="Wikipedia:Namespace">Namespaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_is_an_article%3F" title="Wikipedia:What is an article?">Main/Article</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Drafts" title="Wikipedia:Drafts">Draft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Files" title="Help:Files">File</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:File_description_page" title="Help:File description page">File description page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Help namespace">Help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal" title="Wikipedia:Portal">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Project_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Project namespace">Project/Wikipedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Talk_pages" title="Help:Talk pages">Talk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Archiving_a_talk_page" title="Help:Archiving a talk page">Archiving</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Archiving_(plain_and_simple)" title="Help:Archiving (plain and simple)">Simple</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template namespace">Template</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_pages" title="Wikipedia:User pages">User</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_page_design_guide" title="Wikipedia:User page design guide">User page design</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:MediaWiki_namespace" title="Help:MediaWiki namespace">MediaWiki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bug_reports_and_feature_requests" title="Wikipedia:Bug reports and feature requests">Bug reports and feature requests</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:TimedMediaHandler" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:TimedMediaHandler">TimedMediaHandler extension</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua" title="Wikipedia:Lua">Module</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Special_page" title="Help:Special page">Special</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> and <a href="/wiki/CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Cascading_Style_Sheets" title="Help:Cascading Style Sheets">Cascading Style Sheets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:HTML_in_wikitext" title="Help:HTML in wikitext">HTML in wikitext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Catalogue_of_CSS_classes" title="Wikipedia:Catalogue of CSS classes">Catalogue of CSS classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Common.js_and_common.css" title="Wikipedia:Common.js and common.css">Common.js and common.css</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Mxt/User_CSS_for_a_monospaced_coding_font" title="Template:Mxt/User CSS for a monospaced coding font">User CSS for monospaced coding font</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Microformats/classes" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Microformats/classes">Classes in microformats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Markup_validation" title="Help:Markup validation">Markup validation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Span_tags" title="Wikipedia:Span tags">Span tags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Useful_styles" title="Help:Useful styles">Useful styles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Customisation" title="Wikipedia:Customisation">Customisation</a> and tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Preferences" title="Help:Preferences">Preferences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gadget" title="Wikipedia:Gadget">Gadgets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Skin" title="Wikipedia:Skin">Skins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_tools" title="Help:Citation tools">Citation tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleaning_up_vandalism/Tools" title="Wikipedia:Cleaning up vandalism/Tools">Cleaning up vandalism tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Customizing_watchlists" title="Wikipedia:Customizing watchlists">Customizing watchlists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Hide_Pages_in_Watchlist" title="Help:Hide Pages in Watchlist">Hide pages</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Scripts" title="Wikipedia:Scripts">IRC Scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts" title="Wikipedia:User scripts">User scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/Guide" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/Guide">Guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/List" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/List">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/Techniques" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/Techniques">Techniques</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:User_style" title="Help:User style">User style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools">Tools</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Alternative_browsing" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Alternative browsing">Alternative browsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Browser_tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Browser tools">Browser tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Editing_tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Editing tools">Editing tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation_shortcuts" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation shortcuts">Navigation shortcuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Optimum_tool_set" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Optimum tool set">Optimum tool set</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_Cloud_Services" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia Cloud Services">Wikimedia Cloud Services</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Beta_Features" class="extiw" title="mw:Beta Features">Beta Features at MediaWiki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Automated editing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Articles_for_creation/Helper_script" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Articles for creation/Helper script">AfC helper script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AntiVandal" title="Wikipedia:AntiVandal">AntiVandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser" title="Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser">AutoWikiBrowser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bots" title="Wikipedia:Bots">Bots</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Creating_a_bot" title="Help:Creating a bot">Creating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:History_of_Wikipedia_bots" title="Wikipedia:History of Wikipedia bots">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:HotCat" title="Wikipedia:HotCat">HotCat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Huggle" title="Wikipedia:Huggle">Huggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation_popups" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation popups">Navigation popups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:RedWarn" title="Wikipedia:RedWarn">RedWarn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Twinkle" title="Wikipedia:Twinkle">Twinkle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ultraviolet" title="Wikipedia:Ultraviolet">Ultraviolet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WPCleaner" title="Wikipedia:WPCleaner">WPCleaner</a></li> <li>Inactive <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Igloo" title="Wikipedia:Igloo">igloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:STiki" title="Wikipedia:STiki">STiki</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li>See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_how-to" title="Category:Wikipedia how-to">Category:Wikipedia how-to</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_information_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia information pages">Category:Wikipedia information pages</a> Further navigation at: <a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_help_pages" title="Template:Wikipedia help pages">Help pages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Administrators%27_guide" title="Template:Administrators' guide">Administrators</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Accessibility/Navigation_menu" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Accessibility/Navigation menu">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_accounts" title="Template:Wikipedia accounts">Accounts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Botnav" title="Template:Botnav">Bots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_referencing" title="Template:Wikipedia referencing">Referencing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Citation_metadata_navbox" title="Template:Citation metadata navbox">Citation metadata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_templates" title="Template:Wikipedia templates">Templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/Navbox" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/Navbox">User scripts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Guide_to_Scribbling&oldid=1257544500">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Guide_to_Scribbling&oldid=1257544500</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Guide_to_Scribbling&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 15 November 2024, at 13:32 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Panduan_Scribble" title="Wikipedia:Panduan Scribble – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Wikipedia:Panduan Scribble" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_Lua" title="Википедия:Использование Lua – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Википедия:Использование Lua" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F:Guide_to_Scribbling" title="විකිපීඩියා:Guide to Scribbling – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="විකිපීඩියා:Guide to Scribbling" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 15 November 2024, at 13:32 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul 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