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class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Kandungan" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Kandungan</h2> <button 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data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kecenderungan ideologi di Wikipedia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 7 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-7" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">7 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bias_ideologi_di_Wikipedia" title="Bias ideologi di Wikipedia – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bias ideologi di Wikipedia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideological_bias_on_Wikipedia" title="Ideological bias on Wikipedia – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ideological bias on Wikipedia" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sesgo_ideol%C3%B3gico_en_Wikipedia" title="Sesgo ideológico en Wikipedia – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sesgo ideológico en Wikipedia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="جانبداری ایدئولوژیک در ویکی‌پدیا – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جانبداری ایدئولوژیک در ویکی‌پدیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Pregiudizi_ideologici_in_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Pregiudizi ideologici in Wikipedia – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Wikipedia:Pregiudizi ideologici in Wikipedia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%82%AD%E3%83%9A%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2%E3%81%AB%E3%81%8A%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B%E3%82%A4%E3%83%87%E3%82%AA%E3%83%AD%E3%82%AE%E3%83%BC%E7%9A%84%E3%83%90%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B9" title="ウィキペディアにおけるイデオロギー的バイアス – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウィキペディアにおけるイデオロギー的バイアス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ความเอนเอียงทางคตินิยมในวิกิพีเดีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ความเอนเอียงทางคตินิยมในวิกิพีเดีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q55614285#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kecenderungan_ideologi_di_Wikipedia" title="Lihat laman kandungan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Rencana</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbincangan:Kecenderungan_ideologi_di_Wikipedia&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Perbincangan mengenai laman kandungan (laman tidak wujud) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tukar kelainan bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Melayu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Rupa"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kecenderungan_ideologi_di_Wikipedia"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kecenderungan_ideologi_di_Wikipedia&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kecenderungan_ideologi_di_Wikipedia&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kecenderungan_ideologi_di_Wikipedia&action=history" title="Semakan terdahulu bagi laman ini [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Peralatan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Peralatan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Peralatan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Lagi pilihan" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kecenderungan_ideologi_di_Wikipedia"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kecenderungan_ideologi_di_Wikipedia&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kecenderungan_ideologi_di_Wikipedia&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kecenderungan_ideologi_di_Wikipedia&action=history"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Pautan_ke_sini/Kecenderungan_ideologi_di_Wikipedia" title="Senarai semua laman wiki yang mengandungi pautan ke laman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pautan ke laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_berkaitan/Kecenderungan_ideologi_di_Wikipedia" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terkini bagi laman yang dipaut dari laman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan berkaitan</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ms" title="Muat naik fail [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Muat naik fail</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Laman_khas" title="Senarai semua laman khas [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Laman khas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kecenderungan_ideologi_di_Wikipedia&oldid=5318924" title="Pautan kekal ke semakan laman ini"><span>Pautan kekal</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kecenderungan_ideologi_di_Wikipedia&action=info" title="Maklumat lanjut mengenai laman ini"><span>Maklumat laman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Petik_laman_ini&page=Kecenderungan_ideologi_di_Wikipedia&id=5318924&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Maklumat tentang cara memetik laman ini"><span>Petik laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKecenderungan_ideologi_di_Wikipedia"><span>Dapatkan URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKecenderungan_ideologi_di_Wikipedia"><span>Muat turun kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Kecenderungan+ideologi+di+Wikipedia"><span>Cipta buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:DownloadAsPdf&page=Kecenderungan_ideologi_di_Wikipedia&action=show-download-screen"><span>Muat turun sebagai PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kecenderungan_ideologi_di_Wikipedia&printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi boleh cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam projek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q55614285" title="Pautan ke item repositori data yang bersambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><p>Soalan mengenai <b>kecenderungan ideologi di Wikipedia</b> ditunjukkan dalam analisis akademik dan orang ramai <a href="/wiki/Kritikan_terhadap_Wikipedia" title="Kritikan terhadap Wikipedia">kritikan</a> daripada <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, dan terutamanya yang <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_bahasa_Inggeris" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia bahasa Inggeris">laman web berbahasa Inggeris</a>, berhubung dengan sama ada atau tidak kandungannya adalah berat sebelah kerana politik, agama, atau lain-lain <a href="/wiki/Ideologi" title="Ideologi">ideologi</a> sukarelawan yang <a href="/wiki/Komuniti_Wikipedia" title="Komuniti Wikipedia">penyunting Wikipedia</a> dan apa-apa kesan yang mungkin ada pada <a href="/wiki/Kebolehpercayaan_Wikipedia" title="Kebolehpercayaan Wikipedia">kebolehpercayaan</a> <a href="/wiki/Projek_ensiklopedia_internet" title="Projek ensiklopedia internet">ensiklopedia dalam talian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wired-Fitts_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wired-Fitts-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Burnsed_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burnsed-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wikipedia mempunyai dasar dalaman yang menyatakan bahawa artikel harus ditulis dari sudut pandangan yang netral, yang bermaksud mewakili secara adil, proporsional, dan, sejauh mungkin, tanpa bias editorial, semua sudut pandangan yang signifikan yang telah benar-benar diterbitkan oleh sumber yang boleh dipercayai mengenai sesuatu topik.<sup id="cite_ref-Reagle_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reagle-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Secara kolektifnya, penemuan menunjukkan bahawa artikel Wikipedia yang disunting oleh banyak penyunting dengan pandangan ideologi yang bertentangan sekurang-kurangnya sebagai neutral sebagai sumber lain yang serupa, tetapi artikel dengan penyuntingan yang lebih sedikit oleh beberapa penyumbang ideologi yang lebih <a href="/wiki/Kehomogenan_dan_keheterogenan" title="Kehomogenan dan keheterogenan">homogen</a> merefleksikan berat sebelah editorial yang lebih besar.<sup id="cite_ref-Segregation_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Segregation-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ProductiveFriction_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ProductiveFriction-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_juga">Lihat juga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kecenderungan_ideologi_di_Wikipedia&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Lihat juga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kecenderungan_ideologi_di_Wikipedia&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Lihat juga"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kecenderungan_gender_di_Wikipedia" title="Kecenderungan gender di Wikipedia">Kecenderungan gender di Wikipedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kecenderungan_perkauman_di_Wikipedia" title="Kecenderungan perkauman di Wikipedia">Kecenderungan perkauman di Wikipedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebolehpercayaan_Wikipedia" title="Kebolehpercayaan Wikipedia">Kebolehpercayaan Wikipedia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kecenderungan_ideologi_di_Wikipedia&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kecenderungan_ideologi_di_Wikipedia&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6173370">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Wired-Fitts-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wired-Fitts_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5110723">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFFitts2017" class="citation news cs1">Fitts, Alexis Sobel (June 21, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/story/welcome-to-the-wikipedia-of-the-alt-right/">"Welcome to the Wikipedia of the Alt-Right"</a>. Backchannel. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wired_(magazine)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wired (magazine) (laman tidak wujud)">Wired</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=Welcome+to+the+Wikipedia+of+the+Alt-Right&rft.date=2017-06-21&rft.aulast=Fitts&rft.aufirst=Alexis+Sobel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2Fstory%2Fwelcome-to-the-wikipedia-of-the-alt-right%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKecenderungan+ideologi+di+Wikipedia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Burnsed-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Burnsed_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBurnsed2011" class="citation news cs1">Burnsed, Brian (June 20, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/education/best-colleges/articles/2011/06/20/wikipedia-gradually-accepted-in-college-classrooms">"Wikipedia Gradually Accepted in College Classrooms"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=Wikipedia+Gradually+Accepted+in+College+Classrooms&rft.date=2011-06-20&rft.aulast=Burnsed&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Feducation%2Fbest-colleges%2Farticles%2F2011%2F06%2F20%2Fwikipedia-gradually-accepted-in-college-classrooms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKecenderungan+ideologi+di+Wikipedia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reagle-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Reagle_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFJoseph_M._Reagle_Jr.2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_M._Reagle_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph M. Reagle Jr. (laman tidak wujud)">Joseph M. Reagle Jr.</a> (2010). <i>Good Faith Collaboration: The Culture of Wikipedia</i>. <a href="/wiki/MIT_Press" title="MIT Press">MIT Press</a>. m/s. 11, 55–58. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-262-01447-2" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-262-01447-2"><bdi>978-0-262-01447-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Kawalan_Perpustakaan_Kongres" title="Nombor Kawalan Perpustakaan Kongres">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//lccn.loc.gov/2009052779">2009052779</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Good+Faith+Collaboration%3A+The+Culture+of+Wikipedia&rft.pages=11%2C+55-58&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2009052779&rft.isbn=978-0-262-01447-2&rft.au=Joseph+M.+Reagle+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKecenderungan+ideologi+di+Wikipedia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Segregation-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Segregation_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFGreensteinGuZhu2017" class="citation journal cs1">Greenstein, Shane; Gu, Yuan; Zhu, Feng (March 2017) [October 2016]. "Ideological segregation among online collaborators: Evidence from Wikipedians". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Bureau_of_Economic_Research&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Bureau of Economic Research (laman tidak wujud)">National Bureau of Economic Research</a></i>. No. w22744. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3386%2Fw22744">10.3386/w22744</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Bureau+of+Economic+Research&rft.atitle=Ideological+segregation+among+online+collaborators%3A+Evidence+from+Wikipedians&rft.volume=No.+w22744&rft.date=2017-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3386%2Fw22744&rft.aulast=Greenstein&rft.aufirst=Shane&rft.au=Gu%2C+Yuan&rft.au=Zhu%2C+Feng&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKecenderungan+ideologi+di+Wikipedia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ProductiveFriction-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ProductiveFriction_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFHoltzKimmerleCress2018" class="citation journal cs1">Holtz, Peter; Kimmerle, Joachim; Cress, Ulrike (23 October 2018). "Using big data techniques for measuring productive friction in mass collaboration online environments". <i>International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning</i>. <b>13</b> (4): 439–456. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11412-018-9285-y">10.1007/s11412-018-9285-y</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Computer-Supported+Collaborative+Learning&rft.atitle=Using+big+data+techniques+for+measuring+productive+friction+in+mass+collaboration+online+environments&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=439-456&rft.date=2018-10-23&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11412-018-9285-y&rft.aulast=Holtz&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Kimmerle%2C+Joachim&rft.au=Cress%2C+Ulrike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKecenderungan+ideologi+di+Wikipedia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bacaan_lanjut">Bacaan lanjut</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kecenderungan_ideologi_di_Wikipedia&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Bacaan lanjut" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kecenderungan_ideologi_di_Wikipedia&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Bacaan lanjut"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFMargolinGoodmanKeeganLin2015" class="citation journal cs1">Margolin, Drew B.; Goodman, Sasha; Keegan, Brian; Lin, Yu-Ru; Lazer, David (5 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/download/38802723/ICS_2015.pdf">"Wiki-worthy: collective judgment of candidate notability"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Information, Communication & Society</i>. <b>19</b> (8): 1029–1045. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F1369118X.2015.1069871">10.1080/1369118X.2015.1069871</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Information%2C+Communication+%26+Society&rft.atitle=Wiki-worthy%3A+collective+judgment+of+candidate+notability&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=1029-1045&rft.date=2015-08-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F1369118X.2015.1069871&rft.aulast=Margolin&rft.aufirst=Drew+B.&rft.au=Goodman%2C+Sasha&rft.au=Keegan%2C+Brian&rft.au=Lin%2C+Yu-Ru&rft.au=Lazer%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2Fdownload%2F38802723%2FICS_2015.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKecenderungan+ideologi+di+Wikipedia" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pautan_reput" title="Wikipedia:Pautan reput"><span title=" Pautan mati ditandakan pada September 2021">pautan mati kekal</span></a></i>]</span></sup></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wikipedia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5375175">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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ideologi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penghapusan_dan_penyertaan_di_Wikipedia" title="Penghapusan dan penyertaan di Wikipedia">Penghapusan dan penyertaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MediaWiki" title="MediaWiki">MediaWiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelayakan_di_Wikipedia" title="Kelayakan di Wikipedia">Kelayakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebolehpercayaan_Wikipedia" title="Kebolehpercayaan Wikipedia">Kebolehpercayaan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramalan_terhadap_penamatan_Wikipedia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ramalan terhadap penamatan Wikipedia (laman tidak wujud)">Ramalan terhadap penamatan projek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Komuniti_Wikipedia" title="Komuniti Wikipedia">Komuniti</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyelia_Wikipedia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penyelia Wikipedia (laman tidak wujud)">Penyelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawatankuasa_Penimbangtaraan" title="Jawatankuasa Penimbangtaraan">Jawatankuasa Penimbangtaraan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petikan_diperlukan" title="Petikan diperlukan">Petikan diperlukan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abaikan_semua_peraturan" title="Abaikan semua peraturan">Dasar "Abaikan semua peraturan"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senarai_Wikipedia" title="Senarai Wikipedia">Senarai Wikipedia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Signpost" title="The Signpost">The Signpost</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikimania" title="Wikimania">Wikimania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WikiProjek" class="mw-redirect" title="WikiProjek">WikiProjek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Red" title="Women in Red">Women in Red</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Orang</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Komuniti_Wikipedia" title="Komuniti Wikipedia">Ahli Wikipedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikimediawan_Tahun_Ini" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikimediawan Tahun Ini">Wikimediawan Tahun Ini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Wikipedia" title="Sejarah Wikipedia">Sejarah</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Logo_Wikipedia" title="Logo Wikipedia">Logo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senarai_kontroversi_Wikipedia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senarai kontroversi Wikipedia (laman tidak wujud)">Kontroversi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Watch_Foundation_dan_Wikipedia" title="Internet Watch Foundation dan Wikipedia">Internet Watch Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemadaman_Wikipedia_bahasa_Itali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemadaman Wikipedia bahasa Itali (laman tidak wujud)">Pemadaman Wikipedia bahasa Itali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantahan_terhadap_SOPA_dan_PIPA" title="Bantahan terhadap SOPA dan PIPA">Pemadaman Wikipedia bahasa Inggeris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VisualEditor" title="VisualEditor">VisualEditor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Penghargaan</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quadriga_(anugerah)" title="Quadriga (anugerah)">Anugerah Quadriga 2008</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tugu_Wikipedia" title="Tugu Wikipedia">Tugu Wikipedia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadiah_Erasmus" title="Hadiah Erasmus">Hadiah Erasmus 2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anugerah_Puteri_Asturias" title="Anugerah Puteri Asturias">Anugerah Puteri Asturias 2015</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rujukan <br /> dan analisis</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_dalam_budaya" title="Wikipedia dalam budaya">Budaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliografi_Wikipedia" title="Bibliografi Wikipedia">Bibliografi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senarai_filem_mengenai_Wikipedia" title="Senarai filem mengenai Wikipedia">Filem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kajian_akademik_terhadap_Wikipedia" title="Kajian akademik terhadap Wikipedia">Kajian akademik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Capaian mudah alih</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" 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