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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Legal situation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_situation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-During_the_early_occupation_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#During_the_early_occupation_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>During the early occupation years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-During_the_early_occupation_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-During_the_First_Intifada_and_onwards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#During_the_First_Intifada_and_onwards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>During the First Intifada and onwards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-During_the_First_Intifada_and_onwards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li 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0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p><b>Israeli torture in the occupied territories</b> refers to the use of torture and systematic degrading practices on <a href="/wiki/Palestinians" title="Palestinians">Palestinians</a> detained by <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israeli forces</a> in both the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a>. The practice, routine for decades, was eventually reviewed by the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Israel" title="Supreme Court of Israel">Supreme Court of Israel</a> in 1999, which found that "coercive interrogation" of Palestinians had been widespread, and deemed it unlawful, though permissible in certain cases.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClarke2013100,_102–103_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarke2013100,_102–103-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Torture_in_the_Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Torture in the Palestinian territories">Torture is also practiced by the Palestinian authorities</a> in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHRW2018_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHRW2018-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Hajjar" title="Lisa Hajjar">Lisa Hajjar</a> (2005) and Dr. Rachel Stroumsa, the director of the <a href="/wiki/Public_Committee_Against_Torture_in_Israel" title="Public Committee Against Torture in Israel">Public Committee Against Torture in Israel</a>, torture has been an abiding characteristic of Israeli methods of interrogation of Palestinians.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAharony2018_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAharony2018-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHajjar2005195_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHajjar2005195-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though formally banned by the High Court in 1999, legalized exceptions, authorized by the <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_Israel" title="Attorney General of Israel">Attorney General of Israel</a>, persist.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Addameer" title="Addameer">Addameer</a>, Israeli physicians are also complicit in interrogations involving torture.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKathuria2024_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKathuria2024-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_situation">Legal situation</h2></div> <p>In 1987, Israel became the only country in the world <a href="/wiki/Torture_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Torture in Israel">where torture was considered legal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Supreme Court made another ruling in 1999 that curtailed the use of torture,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but controversially allowed a necessity defense for agents of the state accused of torture.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018 another decision loosened the criteria for torture being excused and further enabled the institutionalization of torture.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="During_the_early_occupation_years">During the early occupation years</h2></div> <p>Reports of torture as a means of extracting confessions arguably began early in the occupation, on evidence for the first decade.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBishara197922_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBishara197922-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 1977 the <a href="/wiki/Sunday_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunday Times">Sunday Times</a> claimed torture was used against the Arab population of the occupied territories.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBishara19797–8_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBishara19797–8-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In early 1978 an employee of the US Consulate in East Jerusalem, Alexandra Johnson,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sent two cables detailing evidence Israeli authorities were systematically using torture on West Bank suspects in <a href="/wiki/Nablus" title="Nablus">Nablus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah">Ramallah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hebron" title="Hebron">Hebron</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Compound" title="Russian Compound">Russian compound of Jerusalem</a>. Early reports indicated detainees were stripped naked and subject for long periods to cold showers or cold air ventilation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPunamäki198882_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPunamäki198882-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> People were hung from meat hooks in Hebron and Ramallah.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBishara197921–22_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBishara197921–22-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She concluded torture was applied at three rising levels of maltreatment, (a) level one: daily beatings with fists and sticks; (b) level two: alternate immersions of the victim in hot and cold water, beating of genitals and interrogation about twice daily over several hours; (c) level three: rotating teams of interrogators working on a nude person under detention by applying electrical devices, high frequency sonic noise, refrigeration, prolonged hanging by the hands or feet, and inserting objects into their penises or rectums. This last level was used on those who refused at earlier levels to denounce other Palestinians.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBishara197920_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBishara197920-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, Israel described these allegations as "fantastic horror stories." In private, however, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Menachem Begin</a> ordered a curtailing of the use of violent interrogation techniques, after which the allegations of torture decreased for the next several years. The hiatus on torture ended in the early 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>78% of a sample of 40 detainees in 1985 said they had been sexually molested, and 67% stated they had been humiliated on religious grounds.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPunamäki198886–87_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPunamäki198886–87-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Former inmates of the secret detention centre <a href="/wiki/Camp_1391" title="Camp 1391">Camp 1391</a>, whose existence is not even officially acknowledged, claim sexual harassment, even rape, forms part of the interrogation techniques.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeakEverett2015306_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeakEverett2015306-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first important study was conducted by the first Palestinian NGO, <a href="/wiki/Al-Haq" title="Al-Haq">al-Haq</a>, in 1986,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen201346_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen201346-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which focused on practices at the <a href="/wiki/Far%27a" title="Far'a">Al Fara'a Detention Centre</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="During_the_First_Intifada_and_onwards">During the First Intifada and onwards</h2></div> <p>Other techniques include <i><a href="/wiki/Shabeh_(torture)" title="Shabeh (torture)">shabeh</a></i>, a practice 76% of the Israel public (1998) thought a form of torture, but only 27% opposed its use against Palestinians.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontell2000108_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontell2000108-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Methods vary. For example, it may consist of being forced to sit on a very small chair, with a hood over one's head, and forced to listen loud musc. It could, as with one woman, last up to 10 days, night and day;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontell2000106_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontell2000106-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also included among torture techniques was the beating of the bare soles of detainees' feet (<i><a href="/wiki/Falaqa" class="mw-redirect" title="Falaqa">falaqa</a></i>), or subjecting them, while deprived of sleep, to endless lectures on themes like: "All Arabs are Bedouin, and Bedouin are Saudis, so Palestinians should go back to Saudi Arabia, where they came from. You don't belong here."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHajjar2005197_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHajjar2005197-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Blindfolding is used so that the suspect can never anticipate when he is to be struck.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevinson2017_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevinson2017-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the First Intifada, other than prolonged beatings, people, including children, could be smeared with vomit or urine, be confined in a "coffin", be suspended by the wrists; be denied food and water or access to toilets, or be threatened to have their sisters, wives or mothers raped.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGraff2015174_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGraff2015174-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Methods, including torture, practiced also on Palestinian children were reported to persist with <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> stating in 2018 that though over 1,000 complaints have been filed regarding these practices since 2001, "no criminal investigations were opened."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAI2018b209_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAI2018b209-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Human rights organizations have reported specifically on the torture of minors by Israel. During the <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> reported in 2002 that over 300 Palestinian minors had been tortured through beating, deprivation of sleep and dousing with freezing water. Israeli human rights group <a href="/wiki/B%27Tselem" title="B'Tselem">B'Tselem</a> reported similarly in 2001 that Palestinian minors had their heads covered and subject to severe beatings and other abuse. B'Tselem concluded that these reports were "not isolated cases or uncommon conduct by certain police officers, but methods of torture adopted at the police station." Upon filing complaints with Israeli officials, B'Tselem reports that "the authorities have made no serious effort to address the root of the problem. Similarly, they have made no attempt to prosecute the violent police officers."<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One major case, in which 20 men from <a href="/wiki/Beita,_Nablus" title="Beita, Nablus">Beita</a> and <a href="/wiki/Huwara" title="Huwara">Huwara</a> were taken from their homes, gagged and bound hand and foot and then had their limbs broken with clubs, eventually reached the Israeli Supreme Court.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGraff2015173–174_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGraff2015173–174-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, the alleged torture of Fawzi al-Junaidi, a 16 year old Palestinian boy, in Israeli detention drew media spotlight.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A roadside bomb in 2019 leading to the death of an Israeli girl triggered a manhunt by the <a href="/wiki/Shin_Bet" title="Shin Bet">Shin Bet</a> where up to 50 Palestinians were rounded up and reportedly subjected to some form of torture.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 3 of the alleged suspects were hospitalised, one of them with kidney failure and 11 broken ribs while another was "nearly unrecognisable to his wife when he was wheeled into a courtroom".<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Such torture is not thought to be very effective. A West Bank member of <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> gave evidence under torture implicating himself and that organization in the <a href="/wiki/2014_kidnapping_and_murder_of_Israeli_teenagers" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers">2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers</a>. The extorted confession turned out to be false.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevinson2017_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevinson2017-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recourse to Israeli courts to obtain recompense and rehabilitation for the psychological damage caused by being tortured are rarely conceded and are exceptional. Financial settlements were given for cases in the 1980s and 1990s, but only if the victim underwrote a clause which absolved the state of Israeli of declaring that the plaintiff had been a victim of torture.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeishut201572_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeishut201572-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="During_the_Israel–Hamas_war"><span id="During_the_Israel.E2.80.93Hamas_war"></span>During the Israel–Hamas war</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Torture_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Torture during the Israel–Hamas war">Torture during the Israel–Hamas war</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Interrogation_of_militants_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Interrogation of militants in the Israel–Hamas war">Interrogation of militants in the Israel–Hamas war</a></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Mass_detentions_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war#Torture" title="Mass detentions in the Israel–Hamas war">Mass detentions in the Israel–Hamas war § Torture</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mass_detentions_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war&action=edit#Torture">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <p>On November 8, Amnesty International reported on cases of <a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">torture</a> and degrading treatment by Israeli authorities, which it described as "horrifying", "gruesome", and "a particularly chilling public display of torture and humiliation of Palestinian detainees."<sup id="cite_ref-Mass_detentions_in_the_Israel–Hamas_war_Horrifying_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mass_detentions_in_the_Israel–Hamas_war_Horrifying-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In relation to the recent spike in detentions, Amnesty's Secretary General, <a href="/wiki/Agn%C3%A8s_Callamard" title="Agnès Callamard">Agnès Callamard</a>, noted that "arbitrary detention and torture and other ill-treatment are <a href="/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime">war crimes</a> when committed against <a href="/wiki/Protected_persons" title="Protected persons">protected persons</a> in an occupied territory."<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On December 3, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Human Rights Office">United Nations Human Rights Office</a> in the occupied Palestinian territories called for an investigation into allegations of torture.<sup id="cite_ref-Mass_detentions_in_the_Israel–Hamas_war_:36_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mass_detentions_in_the_Israel–Hamas_war_:36-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a statement, the Office said: "The massive rise in number of Palestinians arrested and detained, the number of reports of ill-treatment and humiliation suffered by those in custody, and the reported failure to adhere to basic due process raise serious questions about Israel's compliance with <a href="/wiki/International_humanitarian_law" title="International humanitarian law">international humanitarian law</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_human_rights_law" title="International human rights law">international human rights law</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-Mass_detentions_in_the_Israel–Hamas_war_:36_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mass_detentions_in_the_Israel–Hamas_war_:36-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 19 January, the Human Rights Office stated they had interviewed detainees who "described being beaten, humiliated, subjected to ill-treatment, and to what may amount to torture... consistent with reports our Office has been gathering of the detention of Palestinians on a broad scale."<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2024, a UNRWA report reported "countless" instances of torture documented in Israeli prisons, including beatings and sexual assault.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Public_Committee_Against_Torture_in_Israel" title="Public Committee Against Torture in Israel">Public Committee Against Torture in Israel</a> (PCATI) stated that there was a "lot of evidence of cases of violence and cruel and humiliating treatment by prison guards", and called for an investigation into the deaths of detainees in Israeli custody.<sup id="cite_ref-Mass_detentions_in_the_Israel–Hamas_war_AJ010224_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mass_detentions_in_the_Israel–Hamas_war_AJ010224-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> PCATI stated they had documented nine clear instances of torture, including sexual violence.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On January 3, 2024, <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> reported that Palestinian workers from Gaza detained in Israel since October 7 had been photographed naked, attacked by dogs, and dragged faced down in the gravel.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a report on allegations of <a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">torture</a> in Israeli prisons, <a href="/wiki/Euro-Med_Monitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Euro-Med Monitor">Euro-Med Monitor</a> stated prisoners were being treated like animals.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i> found detainees underwent psychological and physical abuse, including beatings during interrogations.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Doctors reported humiliation, beatings, and being forced to kneel for hours.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Adalah_(legal_center)" title="Adalah (legal center)">Adalah</a> reported, "We’re seeing really widespread and systemic use of many, many tools in order to inflict torture and ill-treatment on Palestinians".<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> A <a href="/wiki/Defence_for_Children_International" title="Defence for Children International">Defence for Children International</a> report included the testimony of an incarcerated child who stated, "Around 18 children were severely beaten, screaming in pain. I saw police dogs attacking them, bleeding from the mouth and head."<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United Nations human rights office reported some detainees were released wearing only diapers.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Addameer" title="Addameer">Addameer</a> reported that prisoners remained blindfolded and handcuffed during their detention and people were being killed in the military camps.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2024, the UN stated that Israel had detained and tortured its employees in Gaza to extract forced confessions.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crimes_against_humanity" title="Crimes against humanity">Crimes against humanity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics_in_Israel" title="Far-right politics in Israel">Far-right politics in Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Israel" title="Human rights in Israel">Human rights in Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_antisemitism" title="New antisemitism">New antisemitism</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"subsequent regulations issued by the then-Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Elyakim_Rubinstein" title="Elyakim Rubinstein">Elyakim Rubinstein</a> said interrogators who nevertheless used torture would not stand trial if they could demonstrate that it was 'immediately necessary to save his own or another person's life, freedom, person or property from a concrete danger of serious harm', and that 'there was no other way to do so.' The regulations stipulated, however, that only very senior officials could permit the use of these methods, and that any interrogator who used them must keep a detailed record of the number of blows, the painful positions and all other so-called special means used. In addition, the attorney general must be informed after every use of such methods."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevinson2017_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevinson2017-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">‘the majority of torture practices are preceded by medical examinations of detainees to green-light torture.’<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAddameer202297_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAddameer202297-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">She was dismissed from her position shortly afterwards, despite recognition of the excellence of her work as an analyst, on the ostensible grounds she did not get on well with her colleagues.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBishara197911_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBishara197911-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Speaking of completing course work for becoming an intelligence officer, one former member of Unit 8100 said it ended with a full dress performance of pretending to be Palestinians, with the students shouting: "Enough with Palestine, we want to relocate to Australia!"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Guardian12_Sep_2014_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Guardian12_Sep_2014-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">One case, where a Palestinian woman was forced to undergo two successive vaginal and anal probes during a single night raid conducted by the IDF under Shin Bet instructions, may prove an exception. Her protest was ignored, she spent two years in prison for minor offenses, and was then re-imprisoned for "nationalist" activities, and finally fled abroad due to trauma and shame. Only the persistence of an Israeli woman attorney Jana Mudzgurishvilly, in the Mivtan unit that closed all the other 1,000 cases, brought her complaint to the attention of the Justice Department, which has yet to decide what steps to take.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreinerBerger2018_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBreinerBerger2018-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The description is that of the Supreme Court judge <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Bejski" title="Moshe Bejski">Moshe Bejski</a>, who had survived the Holocaust as one of those on <a href="/wiki/Oskar_Schindler" title="Oskar Schindler">Oskar Schindler</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Schindler%27s_List" title="Schindler's List">list</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConroy200148ff.,_59_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConroy200148ff.,_59-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarke2013100,_102–103-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClarke2013100,_102–103_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClarke2013">Clarke 2013</a>, pp. 100, 102–103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHRW2018-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHRW2018_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHRW2018">HRW 2018</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAharony2018-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAharony2018_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAharony2018">Aharony 2018</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHajjar2005195-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHajjar2005195_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHajjar2005">Hajjar 2005</a>, p. 195.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELevinson2017-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevinson2017_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevinson2017_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevinson2017_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLevinson2017">Levinson 2017</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKathuria2024-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKathuria2024_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKathuria2024">Kathuria 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output 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In Clarke, Benjamin; Mooney, T Brian; Imre, Robert (eds.). <i>Responding to Terrorism: Political, Philosophical and Legal Perspectives</i>. <a href="/wiki/Ashgate_Publishing" title="Ashgate Publishing">Ashgate Publishing</a>. pp. 183–227. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-409-49867-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-409-49867-4"><bdi>978-1-409-49867-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Terrorism%2C+Torture+and+the+Rule+of+Law&rft.btitle=Responding+to+Terrorism%3A+Political%2C+Philosophical+and+Legal+Perspectives&rft.pages=183-227&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-409-49867-4&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyNO6ISkxSc8C%26pg%3DPA102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+torture+in+the+occupied+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConroy2001" class="citation book cs1">Conroy, John (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NM_y3jOKzx8C&pg=PA48"><i>Unspeakable Acts, Ordinary People: The Dynamics of Torture</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-23039-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-23039-2"><bdi>978-0-520-23039-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Unspeakable+Acts%2C+Ordinary+People%3A+The+Dynamics+of+Torture&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-520-23039-2&rft.aulast=Conroy&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNM_y3jOKzx8C%26pg%3DPA48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+torture+in+the+occupied+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraff2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Allen_Graff" title="James Allen Graff">Graff, James A.</a> (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_dMihgtEnaAC&pg=PA157">"Targeting Children: Rights versus <i>Realpolitik</i>"</a>. 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as Described by the Interrogators Themselves"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Torture%2C+Israeli-style+-+as+Described+by+the+Interrogators+Themselves&rft.date=2017-01-24&rft.aulast=Levinson&rft.aufirst=Chaim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2F.premium-israeli-style-torture-as-described-by-the-interrogators-themselves-1.5489853&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+torture+in+the+occupied+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMontell2000" class="citation journal cs1">Montell, Jessica (Spring 2000). "Uncharted Territory: Generating Opposition to Torture in Israel". <i>Bridges</i>. <b>8</b> (1–2): 106–108. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40358554">40358554</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bridges&rft.atitle=Uncharted+Territory%3A+Generating+Opposition+to+Torture+in+Israel&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=106-108&rft.date=2000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40358554%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Montell&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+torture+in+the+occupied+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeakEverett2015" class="citation book cs1">Peak, Kenneth J.; Everett, Pamela M. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zXxZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT632"><i>Introduction to Criminal Justice: Practice and Process</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/SAGE_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="SAGE Publications">SAGE Publications</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-506-30593-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-506-30593-6"><bdi>978-1-506-30593-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Criminal+Justice%3A+Practice+and+Process&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-506-30593-6&rft.aulast=Peak&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+J.&rft.au=Everett%2C+Pamela+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzXxZDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT632&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+torture+in+the+occupied+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPunamäki1988" class="citation journal cs1">Punamäki, Raija-Leena (Summer 1988). "Experiences of Torture, Means of Coping, and Level of Symptoms among PalestinianPolitical Prisoners". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Palestine_Studies" title="Journal of Palestine Studies">Journal of Palestine Studies</a></i>. <b>17</b> (4): 81–96. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2537292">10.2307/2537292</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2537292">2537292</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Palestine+Studies&rft.atitle=Experiences+of+Torture%2C+Means+of+Coping%2C+and+Level+of+Symptoms+among+PalestinianPolitical+Prisoners&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=81-96&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2537292&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2537292%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Punam%C3%A4ki&rft.aufirst=Raija-Leena&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+torture+in+the+occupied+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alhaq.org/publications/publications-index?task=callelement&format=raw&item_id=19&element=304e4493-dc32-44fa-8c5b-57c4d7b529c1&method=download"><i>Torture and Intimidation in the West Bank: The Case of al-Fara'a Prison Al Haq</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Al-Haq" title="Al-Haq">Al-Haq</a>. 1986.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Torture+and+Intimidation+in+the+West+Bank%3A+The+Case+of+al-Fara%27a+Prison+Al+Haq&rft.pub=Al-Haq&rft.date=1986&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alhaq.org%2Fpublications%2Fpublications-index%3Ftask%3Dcallelement%26format%3Draw%26item_id%3D19%26element%3D304e4493-dc32-44fa-8c5b-57c4d7b529c1%26method%3Ddownload&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+torture+in+the+occupied+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHRW2018" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/report/2018/10/23/two-authorities-one-way-zero-dissent/arbitrary-arrest-and-torture-under">"Two Authorities, One Way, Zero Dissent: Arbitrary Arrest and Torture Under the Palestinian Authority and Hamas"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>. 23 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Two+Authorities%2C+One+Way%2C+Zero+Dissent%3A+Arbitrary+Arrest+and+Torture+Under+the+Palestinian+Authority+and+Hamas&rft.pub=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.date=2018-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Freport%2F2018%2F10%2F23%2Ftwo-authorities-one-way-zero-dissent%2Farbitrary-arrest-and-torture-under&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+torture+in+the+occupied+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeishut2015" class="citation journal cs1">Weishut, Daniel J.N. (November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.rhm.2015.11.019">"Sexual torture of Palestinian men by Israeli authorities"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_Health_Matters" class="mw-redirect" title="Reproductive Health Matters">Reproductive Health Matters</a></i>. <b>23</b> (46): 71–84. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.rhm.2015.11.019">10.1016/j.rhm.2015.11.019</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26495868">26495868</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26718999">26718999</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reproductive+Health+Matters&rft.atitle=Sexual+torture+of+Palestinian+men+by+Israeli+authorities&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=46&rft.pages=71-84&rft.date=2015-11&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26718999&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26495868%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.rhm.2015.11.019&rft.aulast=Weishut&rft.aufirst=Daniel+J.N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.rhm.2015.11.019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+torture+in+the+occupied+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBallas2016" class="citation book cs1">Ballas, Irit (2016). "Israel". <i>Does Torture Prevention Work?</i>. <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_University_Press" title="Liverpool University Press">Liverpool University Press</a>. pp. 273–298. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78138-868-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78138-868-6"><bdi>978-1-78138-868-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Israel&rft.btitle=Does+Torture+Prevention+Work%3F&rft.pages=273-298&rft.pub=Liverpool+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-78138-868-6&rft.aulast=Ballas&rft.aufirst=Irit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+torture+in+the+occupied+territories" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Human_rights_in_the_Middle_East" title="Template:Human rights in the Middle East"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Human_rights_in_the_Middle_East" title="Template talk:Human rights in the Middle East"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Human_rights_in_the_Middle_East" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Human rights in the Middle East"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Human_rights_in_the_Middle_East" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Middle_East" title="Human rights in the Middle East">Human rights in the Middle East</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Bahrain" title="Human rights in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Cyprus" title="Human rights in Cyprus">Cyprus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Human rights in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Egypt" title="Human rights in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Iran" title="Human rights in Iran">Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Imperial_State_of_Iran" title="Human rights in the Imperial State of Iran">Pahlavi Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran" title="Human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran">Islamic Iran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Iraq" title="Human rights in Iraq">Iraq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_pre-Saddam_Iraq" title="Human rights in pre-Saddam Iraq">Pre-Saddam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Human rights in Ba'athist Iraq">Ba'ath era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_post-invasion_Iraq" title="Human rights in post-invasion Iraq">Post-Saddam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Kurdistan_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights in Kurdistan Region">Iraqi Kurdistan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Israel" title="Human rights in Israel">Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_violations_against_Palestinians_by_Israel" title="Human rights violations against Palestinians by Israel">Palestinians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Jordan" title="Human rights in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Kuwait" title="Human rights in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Lebanon" title="Human rights in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Oman" title="Human rights in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Human rights in the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Qatar" title="Human rights in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Human rights in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Syria" title="Human rights in Syria">Syria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Rojava" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights in Rojava">Rojava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_violations_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Turkey" title="Human rights in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Human rights in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Dubai" title="Human rights in Dubai">Dubai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Yemen" title="Human rights in Yemen">Yemen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="War crimes in the Yemeni civil war (2014–present)">Yemeni civil war</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_freedom_in_the_Middle_East" title="Academic freedom in the Middle East">Academic freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbitrary_arrest_and_detention" title="Arbitrary arrest and detention">Arbitrary arrest and detention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_the_Middle_East" title="Capital punishment in the Middle East">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimes_against_humanity" title="Crimes against humanity">Crimes against humanity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruel,_inhuman,_or_degrading_treatment" class="mw-redirect" title="Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment">Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_the_Middle_East" class="mw-redirect" title="Democracy in the Middle East">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_Middle_East" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in the Middle East">Freedom of religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_Middle_East" title="Irreligion in the Middle East">Irreligion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_right_to_water_and_sanitation" title="Human right to water and sanitation">Human right to water and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_the_Middle_East" title="Human trafficking in the Middle East">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafala_system" title="Kafala system">Kafala system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_Middle_East" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the Middle East">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder" title="Murder">Murder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_Middle_East" class="mw-redirect" title="Racism in the Middle East">Racism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_Arab_world" title="Antisemitism in the Arab world">Antisemitism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_a_fair_trial" title="Right to a fair trial">Right to a fair trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_development" title="Right to development">Right to development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_health" title="Right to health">Right to health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Arab_societies" class="mw-redirect" title="Women in Arab societies">Status of women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">Torture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_first_women%27s_suffrage_in_majority-Muslim_countries" title="Timeline of first women's suffrage in majority-Muslim countries">Women's suffrage, timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_anti_male-guardianship_campaign" title="Saudi anti male-guardianship campaign">Male guardianship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-governmental organisation">NGOs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pan-Arab" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pan-Arab</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_Network_for_Human_Rights_Information" title="Arabic Network for Human Rights Information">Arabic Network for Human Rights Information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Commission_for_Human_Rights" title="Arab Commission for Human Rights">Arab Commission for Human Rights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Human_Rights_Project" title="Kurdish Human Rights Project">Kurdish Human Rights Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Initiative_for_Personal_Rights" title="Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights">Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defenders_of_Human_Rights_Center" title="Defenders of Human Rights Center">Defenders of Human Rights Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%27Tselem" title="B'Tselem">B'Tselem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Mezan_Center_for_Human_Rights" title="Al Mezan Center for Human Rights">Al Mezan Center for Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_Najdeh" title="Association Najdeh">Association Najdeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Marsad" title="Al-Marsad">al-Marsad</a></li> <li><i>Saudi Arabia:</i> <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_First_Society" title="Human Rights First Society">HRFS (founded 2002)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_the_Protection_and_Defense_of_Women%27s_Rights_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Association for the Protection and Defense of Women's Rights in Saudi Arabia">APDWRSA (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Civil_and_Political_Rights_Association" title="Saudi Civil and Political Rights Association">ACPRA (2009)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_Development_and_Change" title="Society for Development and Change">SDC (2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Saudi_Organisation_for_Human_Rights" title="European Saudi Organisation for Human Rights">ESOHR (2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALQST" title="ALQST">ALQST (2014)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government-organized_non-governmental_organization" title="Government-organized non-governmental organization">GONGOs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Saudi Arabia:</i> <a href="/wiki/National_Society_for_Human_Rights" title="National Society for Human Rights">NSHR (2004)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collective_punishment" title="Collective punishment">Collective punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_humanitarian_crisis_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Gaza humanitarian crisis (2023–present)">Humanitarian crisis in Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Asia" title="Human rights in Asia">Human rights in Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Muslim-majority_countries" title="Human rights in Muslim-majority countries">Human rights in Muslim-majority countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_violations_against_Palestinians_by_Israel" title="Human rights violations against Palestinians by Israel">Human rights violations against Palestinians by Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_and_apartheid" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel and apartheid">Israel and apartheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Association_of_Victims_of_Grave_Human_Rights_Violations_Committed_by_the_Moroccan_State" title="Sahrawi Association of Victims of Grave Human Rights Violations Committed by the Moroccan State">Sahrawi Association of Victims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_Marocaine_des_Droits_Humaine" class="mw-redirect" title="Association Marocaine des Droits Humaine">Association Marocaine des Droits Humaine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Torture_by_country" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Torture_by_country" title="Template:Torture by country"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Torture_by_country" title="Template talk:Torture by country"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Torture_by_country" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Torture by country"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Torture_by_country" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">Torture by country</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Algeria#Rights_of_persons_under_arrest" title="Human rights in Algeria">Algeria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torture_during_the_Algerian_War" title="Torture during the Algerian War">Algerian War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torture_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Torture in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torture_in_Zimbabwe" class="mw-redirect" title="Torture in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dirty_War#Human_rights_violations" title="Dirty War">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torture_in_Brazil" title="Torture in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Chile#Respect_for_the_integrity_of_the_person" title="Human rights in Chile">Chile</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_violations_in_Pinochet%27s_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights violations in Pinochet's Chile">Pinochet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Cuba" title="Human rights in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_Civil_War" title="Guatemalan Civil War">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torture_in_the_United_States" title="Torture in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_interrogation_techniques" title="Enhanced interrogation techniques">Enhanced interrogation techniques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp" title="Guantanamo Bay detention camp">Guantanamo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torture_in_Venezuela" title="Torture in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torture_in_Bahrain" title="Torture in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_China#Torture" title="Human rights in China">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_internment_camps" title="Xinjiang internment camps"> Xinjiang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Iran" title="Human rights in Iran">Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Imperial_State_of_Iran" title="Human rights in the Imperial State of Iran">Pahlavi dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran#Torture_and_mistreatment_of_prisoners" title="Human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran">Post-1979</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_abuses_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Human rights abuses in Jammu and Kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_North_Korea" title="Human rights in North Korea">North Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prisons_in_North_Korea" title="Prisons in North Korea">Prisons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torture_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Torture in the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Philippines" title="Human rights in the Philippines">Philippines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_torture_methods_used_by_the_Marcos_dictatorship" title="List of torture methods used by the Marcos dictatorship">Ferdinand Marcos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Saudi_Arabia#Torture" title="Human rights in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Syria" title="Human rights in Syria">Syria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_violations_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war">Civil war</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torture_in_Turkey" title="Torture in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates#Forced_disappearances_and_torture" title="Human rights in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torture_in_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Torture in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torture_during_the_Algerian_War" title="Torture during the Algerian War">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Germany#Torture" title="Human rights in Germany">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_human_experimentation" title="Nazi human experimentation">Nazi-era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Germany#Totalitarianism_and_repression" title="East Germany">East Germany</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Zersetzung" title="Zersetzung">Zersetzung</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torture_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Torture in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Russia#Torture_and_abuse" title="Human rights in Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine#Ill-treatment,_torture_and_willful_killing_of_civilians" class="mw-redirect" title="War crimes in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 invasion of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_abuse_of_psychiatry_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union">abuse of psychiatry in the USSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-gay_purges_in_Chechnya#Imprisonment_and_torture" title="Anti-gay purges in Chechnya"> Torture of gays in Chechnya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torture_in_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Torture in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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