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<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-Q61Y5YWXL4"></script><script>window.dataLayer=window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}gtag('js',new Date());gtag('config','G-Q61Y5YWXL4');</script><title>ERIC - Education Resources Information Center</title><meta name="description" content="ERIC is an online library of education research and information, sponsored by the Institute of Education Sciences (IES) of the U.S. Department of Education."><meta name="citation_abstract" content="ERIC is an online library of education research and information, sponsored by the Institute of Education Sciences (IES) of the U.S. Department of Education."><link rel="shortcut icon" href="favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="css/eric.css?v=0.9" media="all"><link rel="image_src" href="img/icon_fbshare.png"><script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery-3.5.1.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/respond.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/eric.js?v=0.8"></script> <script type="text/javascript">$(function() {dser();$('#tab1b').click();});</script> </head> <body id="bdyMain"> <div id="main"> <div id="actionbar"><a href="?note">Notes</a><a href="?faq">FAQ</a><a href="?contact">Contact Us</a></div><div id="logo"><a href="?" id="aHome" title="ERIC Home"><img src="img/eric_results.png" id="imgLogo" alt="ERIC - Institute of Education Sciences" /></a></div> <div id="sbar"> <form id="f"> <div> <div id="tab1" class="sTab">Collection</div> <div id="tab1b" class="sTab"><a href="#thesaurus">Thesaurus</a></div> <a id="atips" href="?advanced">Advanced Search Tips</a> <input id="s" type="text" name="q" placeholder="Search education resources" /> <input type="submit" value="Search" /> </div> <div id="sopt"> <label><input type="checkbox" name="pr" /> Peer reviewed only</label> <label><input type="checkbox" name="ft" /> Full text available on ERIC</label> </div> </form> <form id="ft" style="display:none"> <div> <div id="tab2b" class="sTab"><a href="#collection">Collection</a></div> <div id="tab2" class="sTab">Thesaurus</div> <a id="attips" href="?ti=all">Browse Thesaurus</a> <input id="st" type="text" name="qt" placeholder="Search thesaurus descriptors" /> <input type="submit" value="Search" /> </div> <div id="soptt"> <label><input type="checkbox" name="ts" /> Include Synonyms</label> <label><input type="checkbox" name="td" /> Include Dead terms</label> </div> </form> </div> <div id="i"><div id="details" class="tsd"> <h2>Purpose and Scope</h2> The ERIC Thesaurus is a list of terms representing research topics in the field of education. Descriptors from the ERIC Thesaurus are assigned to every document in the ERIC digital library to describe its subject content. Terms in the ERIC Thesaurus represent the vocabulary used in the documents that comprise the ERIC digital library collection. Learn more about how the Thesaurus is updated in this <a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLPj1N4mAX8UIjLMdzlnCLEhEsd-S1ndhX">archived webinar</a>. The ERIC Thesaurus contains a total of 11,929 terms. There are 4,578 descriptors and 7,219 synonyms. There are also 132 dead terms, which are no longer used as descriptors but remain in the Thesaurus to aid in searching older records. The ERIC Thesaurus was last updated in 2025. The updated Thesaurus includes 20 new descriptors, 34 new synonyms, and changes to 107 existing terms. For more information, view the <a href="/pdf/ERIC_2025_Thesaurus_Update.pdf">full list of updates</a> and <a href="/?download">download the updated file</a>. <h2>Browse Alphabetically</h2><div class="alphalist"><a href="?ti=0">#</a><a href="?ti=A">A</a> <a href="?ti=B">B</a> <a href="?ti=C">C</a> <a href="?ti=all" style="font-weight:bold;border-color:#999">D</a> <a href="?ti=E">E</a> <a href="?ti=F">F</a> <a href="?ti=G">G</a> <a href="?ti=H">H</a> <a href="?ti=I">I</a> <a href="?ti=J">J</a> <a href="?ti=K">K</a> <a href="?ti=L">L</a> <a href="?ti=M">M</a> <a href="?ti=N">N</a> <a href="?ti=O">O</a> <a href="?ti=P">P</a> <a href="?ti=Q">Q</a> <a href="?ti=R">R</a> <a href="?ti=S">S</a> <a href="?ti=T">T</a> <a href="?ti=U">U</a> <a href="?ti=V">V</a> <a href="?ti=W">W</a> <a href="?ti=X">X</a> <a href="?ti=Y">Y</a> <a href="?ti=Z">Z</a></div><div><div class="col1"><ul><li><a href="?ti=Dactylology">Dactylology</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dagur+(2004)">Dagur (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Daily+Living+Skills">Daily Living Skills</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dairy+Farmers+(2004)">Dairy Farmers (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dairy+Product+Inspectors">Dairy Product Inspectors</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dairymen+(1966+1980)+(2004)">Dairymen (1966 1980) (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dakota+(2004)">Dakota (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dance">Dance</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dance+Education">Dance Education</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dance+Therapy">Dance Therapy</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dancers">Dancers</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dangerous+Materials">Dangerous Materials</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Danish+(2004)">Danish (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Darghi+(2004)">Darghi (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Data">Data</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Data+Accumulation">Data Accumulation</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Data+Analysis">Data Analysis</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Data+Banks">Data Banks</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Data+Bases+(1969+1981)">Data Bases (1969 1981)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Data+Collection">Data Collection</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Data+Conversion+(2004)">Data Conversion (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Data+Dissemination">Data Dissemination</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Data+Driven+Decision+Making">Data Driven Decision Making</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Data+Entry">Data Entry</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Data+Interpretation">Data Interpretation</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Data+Needs">Data Needs</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Data+Processing">Data Processing</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Data+Processing+Centers">Data Processing Centers</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Data+Processing+Occupations">Data Processing Occupations</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Data+Protection">Data Protection</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Data+Science">Data Science</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Data+Security">Data Security</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Data+Sheets+(1966+1980)">Data Sheets (1966 1980)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Data+Tabulation">Data Tabulation</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Data+Use">Data Use</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Database+Design">Database Design</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Database+Hosts">Database Hosts</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Database+Management+Systems">Database Management Systems</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Database+Producers+(2004)">Database Producers (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Database+Vendors">Database Vendors</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Databases">Databases</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Date+Rape+(2004)">Date Rape (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dating+(Social)">Dating (Social)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Daughters">Daughters</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Day+Camp+Programs">Day Camp Programs</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Day+Camps">Day Camps</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Day+Care+(1980+2002)">Day Care (1980 2002)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Day+Care+Centers+(1980+2002)">Day Care Centers (1980 2002)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Day+Care+Effects+(1993+2002)+(2004)">Day Care Effects (1993 2002) (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Day+Care+Licensing+(2004)">Day Care Licensing (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Day+Care+Programs+(1966+1980)+(2004)">Day Care Programs (1966 1980) (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Day+Care+Quality+(2004)">Day Care Quality (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Day+Care+Services+(1967+1980)">Day Care Services (1967 1980)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Day+Classes">Day Classes</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Day+Programs">Day Programs</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Day+Release">Day Release</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Day+Schools">Day Schools</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Day+Students+(2004)">Day Students (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Daylight+(1970+1980)+(2004)">Daylight (1970 1980) (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Daytime+Programs+(1967+1980)">Daytime Programs (1967 1980)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=DBMS">DBMS</a></li><li><a href="?ti=DDC+(Classification)+(2004)">DDC (Classification) (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=De+Facto+Segregation+(2004)">De Facto Segregation (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=De+Jure+Segregation+(2004)">De Jure Segregation (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Deaf+(1966+1980)">Deaf (1966 1980)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Deaf+Blind">Deaf Blind</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Deaf+Children+(1966+1980)">Deaf Children (1966 1980)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Deaf+Community">Deaf Community</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Deaf+Culture">Deaf Culture</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Deaf+Education+(1968+1980)">Deaf Education (1968 1980)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Deaf+Interpreting">Deaf Interpreting</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Deaf+Research+(1968+1980)">Deaf Research (1968 1980)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Deafness">Deafness</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Deans">Deans</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Deans+of+Faculty+(2004)">Deans of Faculty (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Deans+of+Instruction+(2004)">Deans of Instruction (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Deans+of+Men+(2004)">Deans of Men (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Deans+of+Students+(2004)">Deans of Students (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Deans+of+Women+(2004)">Deans of Women (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Death">Death</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Death+Education">Death Education</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Death+Penalty+(2004)">Death Penalty (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Death+Rate">Death Rate</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Debate">Debate</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Debate+Format+(2004)">Debate Format (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Debate+Judges+(2004)">Debate Judges (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Debt+(Financial)">Debt (Financial)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Debugging+(Computers)+(2004)">Debugging (Computers) (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Deceleration+(2004)">Deceleration (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Decentralization+(2004)">Decentralization (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Decentralized+Library+Systems+(1968+1980)+(2004)">Decentralized Library Systems (1968 1980) (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Decentralized+School+Design+(1966+1980)+(2004)">Decentralized School Design (1966 1980) (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Deception">Deception</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Decimal+Classification+(Dewey)+(2004)">Decimal Classification (Dewey) (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Decimal+Classification+(Universal)+(2004)">Decimal Classification (Universal) (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Decimal+Fractions+(2004)">Decimal Fractions (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Decimals+(2004)">Decimals (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Decision+Making">Decision Making</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Decision+Making+Skills">Decision Making Skills</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Decision+Support+Systems">Decision Support Systems</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Decisiveness">Decisiveness</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Declining+Enrollment">Declining Enrollment</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Declining+Scores">Declining Scores</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Decoding+(Information)">Decoding (Information)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Decoding+(Reading)">Decoding (Reading)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Decolonization">Decolonization</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Deduction+(2004)">Deduction (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Deductive+Methods+(1967+1980)+(2004)">Deductive Methods (1967 1980) (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Deep+Sea+Diving+(2004)">Deep Sea Diving (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Deep+Structure+(2004)">Deep Structure (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Defacto+Segregation+(1966+1980)">Defacto Segregation (1966 1980)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Defamation+of+Character">Defamation of Character</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Defaulted+Loans">Defaulted Loans</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Defense+Mechanisms">Defense Mechanisms</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Defensive+Driving">Defensive Driving</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Deferred+Maintenance+(2004)">Deferred Maintenance (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Deferred+Tuition">Deferred Tuition</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Definitions">Definitions</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Degree+Completion+Time">Degree Completion Time</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Degree+Requirements">Degree Requirements</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Degrees+(Academic)">Degrees (Academic)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Degrees+(Titles)+(1966+1980)">Degrees (Titles) (1966 1980)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dehumanization">Dehumanization</a></li><li><a href="?ti=DEI">DEI</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Deinstitutionalization+(of+Disabled)+(2004)">Deinstitutionalization (of Disabled) (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dejure+Segregation+(1966+1980)+(2004)">Dejure Segregation (1966 1980) (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Delay+of+Gratification">Delay of Gratification</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Delayed+Development+(Individuals)">Delayed Development (Individuals)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Delayed+Speech">Delayed Speech</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Delinquency">Delinquency</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Delinquency+Causes+(2004)">Delinquency Causes (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Delinquency+Prevention">Delinquency Prevention</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Delinquent+Behavior+(1966+1983)">Delinquent Behavior (1966 1983)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Delinquent+Identification+(1966+1980)">Delinquent Identification (1966 1980)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Delinquent+Rehabilitation">Delinquent Rehabilitation</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Delinquent+Role+(1966+1980)">Delinquent Role (1966 1980)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Delinquents+(1966+1980)">Delinquents (1966 1980)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Delivery+Systems">Delivery Systems</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Delphi+Technique">Delphi Technique</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Demand+for+Education">Demand for Education</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Demand+Occupations">Demand Occupations</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dementia">Dementia</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dementia+Praecox">Dementia Praecox</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Democracy">Democracy</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Democratic+Management">Democratic Management</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Democratic+Values">Democratic Values</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Demography">Demography</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Demonstration+Centers">Demonstration Centers</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Demonstration+Programs">Demonstration Programs</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Demonstration+Projects+(1966+1980)">Demonstration Projects (1966 1980)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Demonstrations+(Civil)+(2004)">Demonstrations (Civil) (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Demonstrations+(Educational)">Demonstrations (Educational)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Demonstrations+(Science)+(2004)">Demonstrations (Science) (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Denial+(Psychology)+(2004)">Denial (Psychology) (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Denominational+Colleges">Denominational Colleges</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Density+(Matter)+(2004)">Density (Matter) (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dental+Assessment">Dental Assessment</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dental+Assistants+(2004)">Dental Assistants (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dental+Associations+(1966+1980)">Dental Associations (1966 1980)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dental+Clinics+(2004)">Dental Clinics (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dental+Evaluation">Dental Evaluation</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dental+Health">Dental Health</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dental+Hygienists+(2004)">Dental Hygienists (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dental+Laboratory+Technicians+(2004)">Dental Laboratory Technicians (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dental+School+Faculty">Dental School Faculty</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dental+Schools">Dental Schools</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dental+Sciences">Dental Sciences</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dental+Students+(2004)">Dental Students (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dental+Surgeons+(2004)">Dental Surgeons (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dental+Technicians+(2004)">Dental Technicians (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dentistry">Dentistry</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dentists+(2004)">Dentists (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Deoxyribonucleic+Acid+(2004)">Deoxyribonucleic Acid (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Department+Chairpersons">Department Chairpersons</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Department+Directors+(School)+(1966+1980)">Department Directors (School) (1966 1980)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Department+Heads">Department Heads</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Department+of+Defense+Domestic+Dependent+Schools+(2004)">Department of Defense Domestic Dependent Schools (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Department+of+Defense+Education+Activity+Schools+(2004)">Department of Defense Education Activity Schools (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Department+of+Defense+Overseas+Dependents+Schools+(2004)">Department of Defense Overseas Dependents Schools (2004)</a></li></ul></div><div class="col2"><ul><li><a href="?ti=Departmental+Majors">Departmental Majors</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Departmental+Teaching+Plans+(1968+1980)">Departmental Teaching Plans (1968 1980)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Departmentalization">Departmentalization</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Departments">Departments</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dependability">Dependability</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dependence+(2004)">Dependence (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dependency+(Drugs)">Dependency (Drugs)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dependency+(Personality)+(2004)">Dependency (Personality) (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dependents">Dependents</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dependents+Schools+(2004)">Dependents Schools (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Depleted+Resources">Depleted Resources</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Depository+Libraries+(2004)">Depository Libraries (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Depressed+Areas+(Geographic)+(1966+1980)+(2004)">Depressed Areas (Geographic) (1966 1980) (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Depression+(Psychology)">Depression (Psychology)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Deprivation">Deprivation</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Deprived">Deprived</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Deprived+Children+(2004)">Deprived Children (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Deprived+Environment">Deprived Environment</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Depth+Perception">Depth Perception</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dermal+Sense">Dermal Sense</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dermatology+(2004)">Dermatology (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Descriptive+Linguistics">Descriptive Linguistics</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Descriptive+Writing">Descriptive Writing</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Descriptors+(2004)">Descriptors (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Desegregated+Classes">Desegregated Classes</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Desegregated+Colleges+(2004)">Desegregated Colleges (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Desegregated+Schools">Desegregated Schools</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Desegregation+(Disabled+Students)">Desegregation (Disabled Students)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Desegregation+Effects">Desegregation Effects</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Desegregation+Impact">Desegregation Impact</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Desegregation+Litigation">Desegregation Litigation</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Desegregation+Methods">Desegregation Methods</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Desegregation+Plans">Desegregation Plans</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Desegregation+Readiness">Desegregation Readiness</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Desensitization">Desensitization</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Design">Design</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Design+Build+Approach+(2004)">Design Build Approach (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Design+Construct+Method+(2004)">Design Construct Method (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Design+Crafts">Design Crafts</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Design+Needs+(1968+1980)">Design Needs (1968 1980)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Design+Preferences">Design Preferences</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Design+Requirements">Design Requirements</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Designers+(2004)">Designers (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Desktop+Computers+(2004)">Desktop Computers (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Desktop+Publishing">Desktop Publishing</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Desoxyribonucleic+Acid+(2004)">Desoxyribonucleic Acid (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Despair">Despair</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Despondency">Despondency</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Destiny+Control">Destiny Control</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Determination+(Chemical)+(2004)">Determination (Chemical) (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Determiners+(Languages)+(2004)">Determiners (Languages) (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Developed+Countries">Developed Countries</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Developed+Nations">Developed Nations</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Developing+Countries">Developing Countries</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Developing+Institutions">Developing Institutions</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Developing+Nations">Developing Nations</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Development">Development</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Development+Communication">Development Communication</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Developmental+Continuity">Developmental Continuity</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Developmental+Delays">Developmental Delays</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Developmental+Differences+(Age+Groups)">Developmental Differences (Age Groups)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Developmental+Disabilities">Developmental Disabilities</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Developmental+Guidance+(1967+1980)">Developmental Guidance (1967 1980)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Developmental+Patterns+(Individuals)">Developmental Patterns (Individuals)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Developmental+Programs">Developmental Programs</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Developmental+Psychology">Developmental Psychology</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Developmental+Reading+(1966+1980)">Developmental Reading (1966 1980)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Developmental+Stages">Developmental Stages</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Developmental+Studies+Programs">Developmental Studies Programs</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Developmental+Tasks">Developmental Tasks</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Developmental+Writing">Developmental Writing</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Developmentally+Appropriate+Practices">Developmentally Appropriate Practices</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Developmentally+Appropriate+Programs">Developmentally Appropriate Programs</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Developmentally+Delayed">Developmentally Delayed</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Developmentally+Inappropriate+Education">Developmentally Inappropriate Education</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dewey+Decimal+Classification+(2004)">Dewey Decimal Classification (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Diabetes">Diabetes</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Diachronic+Linguistics">Diachronic Linguistics</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Diacritical+Marking+(2004)">Diacritical Marking (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Diagnosis">Diagnosis</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Diagnosis+(Clinical)">Diagnosis (Clinical)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Diagnosis+(Educational)">Diagnosis (Educational)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Diagnostic+Teaching">Diagnostic Teaching</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Diagnostic+Tests">Diagnostic Tests</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Diagrams+(2004)">Diagrams (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dial+Access+Information+Systems+(2004)">Dial Access Information Systems (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dialect+Interference">Dialect Interference</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dialect+Studies">Dialect Studies</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dialectical+Materialism+(2004)">Dialectical Materialism (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dialects">Dialects</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dialog+Journals+(2004)">Dialog Journals (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dialogs+(Language)">Dialogs (Language)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dialogs+(Literary)+(2004)">Dialogs (Literary) (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dialogue+(1969+1980)+(2004)">Dialogue (1969 1980) (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dialogue+Journals+(2004)">Dialogue Journals (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Diaries">Diaries</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dictation+(2004)">Dictation (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dictatorship+(2004)">Dictatorship (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Diction+(2004)">Diction (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dictionaries">Dictionaries</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dictionary+Catalogs+(1968+1980)+(2004)">Dictionary Catalogs (1968 1980) (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Didacticism">Didacticism</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Diesel+Engines+(2004)">Diesel Engines (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Diesel+Fuel+(2004)">Diesel Fuel (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Diesel+Mechanics">Diesel Mechanics</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dietary+Technicians+(2004)">Dietary Technicians (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dietetic+Aides+(2004)">Dietetic Aides (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dietetics">Dietetics</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dieticians+(2004)">Dieticians (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dietitians+(2004)">Dietitians (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Diets">Diets</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Differences">Differences</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Differential+Equations+(2004)">Differential Equations (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Differential+Item+Functioning">Differential Item Functioning</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Differential+Item+Performance+(2004)">Differential Item Performance (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Differential+Psychology">Differential Psychology</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Differentiated+Instruction">Differentiated Instruction</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Differentiated+Staffs">Differentiated Staffs</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Differentiation">Differentiation</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Difficulty+Level">Difficulty Level</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Diffusion+(1967+1982)+(Communication)+(2004)">Diffusion (1967 1982) (Communication) (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Diffusion+(1967+1982)+(Physics)+(2004)">Diffusion (1967 1982) (Physics) (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Diffusion+(1967+1982)+(Populations)">Diffusion (1967 1982) (Populations)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Diffusion+(Communication)+(2004)">Diffusion (Communication) (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Diffusion+(Physics)+(2004)">Diffusion (Physics) (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Digital+Books">Digital Books</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Digital+Computers+(2004)">Digital Computers (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Digital+Divide">Digital Divide</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Digital+Libraries">Digital Libraries</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Digital+Literacy">Digital Literacy</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Digital+Optical+Data+Disks+(2004)">Digital Optical Data Disks (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Digital+Talking+Books">Digital Talking Books</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Digital+Versatile+Disc+(DVD)">Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Digital+Video+Disc+(DVD)">Digital Video Disc (DVD)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Diglossia+(2004)">Diglossia (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dimensional+Preference">Dimensional Preference</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dining+Facilities">Dining Facilities</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dinosaurs+(2004)">Dinosaurs (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Diploma+Requirements">Diploma Requirements</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Diplomacy">Diplomacy</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Diplomatic+History+(2004)">Diplomatic History (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Diplomatic+Policy">Diplomatic Policy</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Direct+Assessment">Direct Assessment</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Direct+Instruction">Direct Instruction</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Directed+Reading+Activity">Directed Reading Activity</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Direction+Writing+(1966+1980)">Direction Writing (1966 1980)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Directories">Directories</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Directors">Directors</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Directors+of+Research">Directors of Research</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Disabilities">Disabilities</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Disability+Discrimination">Disability Discrimination</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Disability+Identification">Disability Identification</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Disabled">Disabled</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Disabled+Parents">Disabled Parents</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Disabled+Students">Disabled Students</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Disabled+Teachers">Disabled Teachers</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Disadvantaged">Disadvantaged</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Disadvantaged+Children">Disadvantaged Children</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Disadvantaged+Environment">Disadvantaged Environment</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Disadvantaged+Groups+(1966+1980)">Disadvantaged Groups (1966 1980)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Disadvantaged+Schools">Disadvantaged Schools</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Disadvantaged+Youth">Disadvantaged Youth</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Disadvantagement">Disadvantagement</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Disarmament+(2004)">Disarmament (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Disaster+Readiness">Disaster Readiness</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Disbursements+(Money)">Disbursements (Money)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Disciplinary+Action">Disciplinary Action</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Discipline">Discipline</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Discipline+Based+Art+Education">Discipline Based Art Education</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Discipline+Policy">Discipline Policy</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Discipline+Problems">Discipline Problems</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Disclosure">Disclosure</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Discographies+(2004)">Discographies (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Discourse+Analysis">Discourse Analysis</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Discourse+Communities">Discourse Communities</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Discourse+Modes">Discourse Modes</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Discovery">Discovery</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Discovery+Learning">Discovery Learning</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Discovery+Processes">Discovery Processes</a></li></ul></div><div class="col3"><ul><li><a href="?ti=Discriminant+Analysis">Discriminant Analysis</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Discriminant+Function+Analysis+(2004)">Discriminant Function Analysis (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Discrimination+(Social)">Discrimination (Social)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Discrimination+Learning">Discrimination Learning</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Discrimination+Transfer">Discrimination Transfer</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Discriminatory+Analysis+(2004)">Discriminatory Analysis (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Discriminatory+Attitudes+(Social)+(1966+1980)">Discriminatory Attitudes (Social) (1966 1980)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Discriminatory+Legislation+(2004)">Discriminatory Legislation (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Discussion">Discussion</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Discussion+(Teaching+Technique)">Discussion (Teaching Technique)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Discussion+Experience+(1966+1980)+(2004)">Discussion Experience (1966 1980) (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Discussion+Groups">Discussion Groups</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Discussion+Guides">Discussion Guides</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Discussion+Programs+(1966+1980)+(2004)">Discussion Programs (1966 1980) (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Disease+Control">Disease Control</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Disease+Incidence">Disease Incidence</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Disease+Rate+(1967+1980)">Disease Rate (1967 1980)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Diseases">Diseases</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Disemployment">Disemployment</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dishonesty+(2004)">Dishonesty (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dishwashing+(2004)">Dishwashing (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Disk+Drives+(2004)">Disk Drives (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Diskettes+(2004)">Diskettes (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dislocated+Workers">Dislocated Workers</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dismissal+(Personnel)">Dismissal (Personnel)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Displaced+Homemakers+(2004)">Displaced Homemakers (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Displaced+Workers">Displaced Workers</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Display+Aids+(2004)">Display Aids (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Display+Layout+(Computers)+(2004)">Display Layout (Computers) (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Display+Panels+(1968+1980)+(2004)">Display Panels (1968 1980) (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Display+Systems+(2004)">Display Systems (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Disposition+(Individuals)">Disposition (Individuals)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dispositional+Characteristics">Dispositional Characteristics</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Disproportionality">Disproportionality</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Disproportionate+Minority+Representation">Disproportionate Minority Representation</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Disproportionate+Representation">Disproportionate Representation</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Disqualification">Disqualification</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dissection+(2004)">Dissection (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dissent">Dissent</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Distance+(2004)">Distance (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Distance+Education">Distance Education</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Distance+Learning">Distance Learning</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Distinctive+Features+(1967+1980)">Distinctive Features (1967 1980)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Distinctive+Features+(Language)">Distinctive Features (Language)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Distraction">Distraction</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Distractors+(Tests)+(2004)">Distractors (Tests) (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Distribution+(Economics)">Distribution (Economics)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Distribution+Free+Statistics">Distribution Free Statistics</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Distributions+(Statistics)">Distributions (Statistics)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Distributive+Education">Distributive Education</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Distributive+Education+Teachers">Distributive Education Teachers</a></li><li><a href="?ti=District+Libraries+(2004)">District Libraries (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=District+Norms">District Norms</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Divergent+Thinking+(2004)">Divergent Thinking (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Diversity">Diversity</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Diversity+(Biology)">Diversity (Biology)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Diversity+(Cultural)+as+a+Value">Diversity (Cultural) as a Value</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Diversity+(Cultural)+as+an+Observation+or+a+Fact">Diversity (Cultural) as an Observation or a Fact</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Diversity+(Faculty)">Diversity (Faculty)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Diversity+(Institutional)">Diversity (Institutional)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Diversity+(Student)+(1997+2004)">Diversity (Student) (1997 2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Diversity+Equity+and+Inclusion">Diversity Equity and Inclusion</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Divided+Catalogs+(1968+1980)">Divided Catalogs (1968 1980)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Diving+(2004)">Diving (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Division">Division</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Divorce">Divorce</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Divorced+Persons+(2004)">Divorced Persons (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=DNA+(2004)">DNA (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Doctor+of+Arts+Degrees+(2004)">Doctor of Arts Degrees (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Doctor+Patient+Relationship">Doctor Patient Relationship</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Doctoral+Candidates">Doctoral Candidates</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Doctoral+Degrees">Doctoral Degrees</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Doctoral+Dissertations">Doctoral Dissertations</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Doctoral+Programs">Doctoral Programs</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Doctoral+Students">Doctoral Students</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Doctoral+Theses+(1967+1980)">Doctoral Theses (1967 1980)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Document+Analysis">Document Analysis</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Document+Delivery+(2004)">Document Delivery (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Document+Readers+(2004)">Document Readers (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Documentaries">Documentaries</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Documentation">Documentation</a></li><li><a href="?ti=DoDDS+(2004)">DoDDS (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dogmatism+(2004)">Dogmatism (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dolphins+(2004)">Dolphins (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Domestic+Violence+(Family)">Domestic Violence (Family)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Domestics+(1970+1980)+(2004)">Domestics (1970 1980) (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dominican+Americans+(2004)">Dominican Americans (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dominicans+(2004)">Dominicans (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Donors">Donors</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Doors+(2004)">Doors (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dormitories">Dormitories</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dormitory+Living">Dormitory Living</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Double+Employment+(2004)">Double Employment (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Double+Sessions+(2004)">Double Sessions (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Down+Syndrome">Down Syndrome</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Downloading+(2004)">Downloading (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Downs+Anomaly">Downs Anomaly</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Downs+Syndrome">Downs Syndrome</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Drafters+(1980+1981)">Drafters (1980 1981)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Drafting">Drafting</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Draftsmen+(1968+1980)">Draftsmen (1968 1980)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Drama">Drama</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Drama+Education">Drama Education</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Drama+Workshops">Drama Workshops</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dramatic+Arts">Dramatic Arts</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dramatic+Play">Dramatic Play</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dramatic+Unities+(1970+1980)">Dramatic Unities (1970 1980)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dramatics">Dramatics</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dravidian+Languages">Dravidian Languages</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Drawing+(Computerized)">Drawing (Computerized)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Drawing+(Freehand)">Drawing (Freehand)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Drawing+(Precision+Draft)">Drawing (Precision Draft)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dreams+(2004)">Dreams (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dress+Codes">Dress Codes</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dress+Design+(2004)">Dress Design (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Drill+Press+Operators+(2004)">Drill Press Operators (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Drill+Presses+(2004)">Drill Presses (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Drills+(Practice)">Drills (Practice)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Drinking">Drinking</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Drinking+Drivers+(2004)">Drinking Drivers (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Drinking+Water+(2004)">Drinking Water (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Driver+Education">Driver Education</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Driver+Training">Driver Training</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Driveways+(2004)">Driveways (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Driving+While+Intoxicated+(2004)">Driving While Intoxicated (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dropout+Attitudes">Dropout Attitudes</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dropout+Characteristics">Dropout Characteristics</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dropout+Employment">Dropout Employment</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dropout+Identification+(1966+1980)">Dropout Identification (1966 1980)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dropout+Prevention">Dropout Prevention</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dropout+Problems+(1966+1980)">Dropout Problems (1966 1980)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dropout+Programs">Dropout Programs</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dropout+Rate">Dropout Rate</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dropout+Rehabilitation+(1966+1980)">Dropout Rehabilitation (1966 1980)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dropout+Research">Dropout Research</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dropout+Role+(1966+1980)">Dropout Role (1966 1980)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dropout+Teaching+(1966+1980)">Dropout Teaching (1966 1980)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dropouts">Dropouts</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Drought+(2004)">Drought (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Drowsiness">Drowsiness</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Drug+Abuse">Drug Abuse</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Drug+Addiction">Drug Addiction</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Drug+Education">Drug Education</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Drug+Exposure+in+Utero">Drug Exposure in Utero</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Drug+Inspectors+(2004)">Drug Inspectors (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Drug+Legislation+(2004)">Drug Legislation (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Drug+Rehabilitation">Drug Rehabilitation</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Drug+Testing+(Presence+in+Body)">Drug Testing (Presence in Body)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Drug+Therapy">Drug Therapy</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Drug+Use">Drug Use</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Drug+Use+Testing">Drug Use Testing</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Drug+Withdrawal">Drug Withdrawal</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Druggists+(2004)">Druggists (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Drunk+Driving+(2004)">Drunk Driving (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Drunkenness+(Alcohol)">Drunkenness (Alcohol)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Drycleaning+Laundry+Occupations+(2004)">Drycleaning Laundry Occupations (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dual+Career+Family+(2004)">Dual Career Family (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dual+Earner+Parents+(2004)">Dual Earner Parents (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dual+Enrollment">Dual Enrollment</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Due+Process+(2004)">Due Process (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dues">Dues</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Duplicating">Duplicating</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Duplication">Duplication</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dusun+(2004)">Dusun (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dutch+(2004)">Dutch (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dutch+Culture+(2004)">Dutch Culture (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dwellings">Dwellings</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dyadic+Communication">Dyadic Communication</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dying">Dying</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dyscalculia">Dyscalculia</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dysgraphia">Dysgraphia</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dyslexia">Dyslexia</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dysmenorrhea+(2004)">Dysmenorrhea (2004)</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dysphasia">Dysphasia</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dysphonia">Dysphonia</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dysphoria">Dysphoria</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dysthymia">Dysthymia</a></li><li><a href="?ti=Dyula+(2004)">Dyula (2004)</a></li></ul></div></div><div style="clear:both"></div><h2>Browse by Category</h2><div><div class="col1"><ul><li><a href="?ti=120">Individual Development and Characteristics</a></li><li><a href="?ti=310">Educational Process: Classroom Perspectives</a></li><li><a href="?ti=110">Learning and Perception</a></li><li><a href="?ti=220">Disabilities</a></li><li><a href="?ti=240">Counseling</a></li><li><a href="?ti=340">Educational Levels, Degrees, and Organizations</a></li><li><a href="?ti=400">Subjects of Instruction</a></li><li><a href="?ti=330">Educational Process: Societal Perspectives</a></li><li><a href="?ti=450">Language and Speech</a></li><li><a href="?ti=710">Information / Communications Systems</a></li><li><a href="?ti=320">Educational Process: School Perspectives</a></li><li><a href="?ti=350">Curriculum Organization</a></li><li><a href="?ti=360">Students, Teachers, School Personnel</a></li><li><a href="?ti=210">Health and Safety</a></li></ul></div><div class="col2"><ul><li><a href="?ti=620">Economics and Finance</a></li><li><a href="?ti=560">Peoples and Cultures</a></li><li><a href="?ti=820">Measurement</a></li><li><a href="?ti=830">Tests and Scales</a></li><li><a href="?ti=490">Science and Technology</a></li><li><a href="?ti=420">Arts</a></li><li><a href="?ti=810">Research and Theory</a></li><li><a href="?ti=610">Government and Politics</a></li><li><a href="?ti=530">Social Problems</a></li><li><a href="?ti=480">Mathematics</a></li><li><a href="?ti=230">Mental Health</a></li><li><a href="?ti=730">Publication / Document Types</a></li><li><a href="?ti=430">Humanities</a></li><li><a href="?ti=520">Social Processes and Structures</a></li></ul></div><div class="col3"><ul><li><a href="?ti=460">Reading</a></li><li><a href="?ti=510">Individual in Social Context</a></li><li><a href="?ti=720">Communications Media</a></li><li><a href="?ti=540">Bias and Equity</a></li><li><a href="?ti=650">Business, Commerce, and Industry</a></li><li><a href="?ti=630">Labor and Employment</a></li><li><a href="?ti=440">Languages</a></li><li><a href="?ti=410">Agriculture and Natural Resources</a></li><li><a href="?ti=550">Human Geography</a></li><li><a href="?ti=470">Physical Education and Recreation</a></li><li><a href="?ti=920">Facilities</a></li><li><a href="?ti=910">Equipment</a></li><li><a href="?ti=640">Occupations</a></li></ul></div></div><div style="clear:both"></div> <h2>Identifiers</h2> The ERIC identifiers are lists of standardized proper nouns representing assessments and surveys, locations, and laws, policies, and programs. The identifiers were last updated in 2025 with 15 new revised identifiers: 12 Assessment and Surveys identifiers and 3 Location identifiers. The current lists of identifiers are now available for browsing and searching: <a href="pdf/ERIC_Assessments_and_Surveys_Identifiers_2025.pdf" target="_blank">Assessments and Surveys</a>; <a href="pdf/ERIC_Location_Identifiers_2025.pdf" target="_blank">Location</a>; <a href="pdf/ERIC_Laws_Policies_and_Programs_2023.pdf" target="_blank">Laws, Policies, and Programs</a>. For more information on using the identifiers in your search, please see the infographic <a href="/pdf/ERIC_Identifiers.pdf" target="_blank">What are ERIC Identifiers?</a> and the video <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UBFUknHSqko" target="_blank">How to Use ERIC Identifiers</a>. </div></div> <div id="divFooter"><div id="ftrPadding"><div id="ftr"><div id="ftrSocial"> <a href="http://www.facebook.com/SearchEduResources" id="facebook" style="padding-bottom:5px"><img src="img/icon_facebook.gif" alt="Facebook" width="16" height="16" border="0"></a> <a href="http://www.twitter.com/ERICinfo" id="twitter"><img src="img/icon_twitter.gif" alt="Twitter" width="16" height="16" border="0"></a></div><div id="ftrLogos"><a href="http://www.ed.gov"><img src="img/logo_ed.gif" alt="Department of Education"></a><a href="http://ies.ed.gov"><img src="img/logo_ies.gif" alt="Institute of Education Statistics"></a></div><div id="centerLinks"><a href="?privacy">Privacy</a> | <a href="?copyright">Copyright</a> | <a href="?contact">Contact Us</a> | <a href="?selection">Selection Policy</a> | <a href="?api">API</a> | <a href="metrics">Metrics</a><div><a href="?journals">Journals</a> | <a href="?nonjournals">Non-Journals</a> | <a href="?download">Download</a> | <a href="submit">Submit</a> | <a href="?multimedia">Multimedia</a> | <a href="?widget">Widget</a></div></div></div><script id="_fed_an_ua_tag" language="javascript" type="text/javascript" src="/js/Universal-Federated-Analytics-Min.js?pga4=55622235&agency=ED&subagency=ERIC"></script></div></div> </div> <script type="text/javascript">//<![CDATA[ if(self!=top) {top.location=self.location;} //]]></script> </body> </html>