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环保快讯 | 悲哀!超过8成的寄居蟹被塑料取代?人类的罪责难逃! 生态头条 - 京密石大全网

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grid-cols-1 lg:grid-cols-3 gap-6"> <!-- 左侧文章内容 --> <div class="lg:col-span-2 space-y-6 bg-white shadow rounded p-6"> <!-- 发表时间 --> <p class="text-sm text-gray-600">发表时间: 2024-02-27 19:59</p> <!-- 居中图片 --> <div class="text-center"> <img src="/cover/rZejp5rUl2WeaJlmZQ.jpg" alt="环保快讯 | 悲哀!超过8成的寄居蟹被塑料取代?人类的罪责难逃!" alt="环保快讯 | 悲哀!超过8成的寄居蟹被塑料取代?人类的罪责难逃!" class="inline-block max-w-full h-auto rounded"> </div> <!-- 正文内容 --> <div class="text-gray-800 leading-7 space-y-4"> <p data-track="1"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">塑料废弃物及其他垃圾正在淹没世界各地的海滩。令人惊讶的是,寄居蟹已经适应了这一环境,并开始“换房”。</span></span></p><p data-track="2"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">我们印象中的寄居蟹大多是这样的:害羞地缩在各种各样漂亮的螺壳中,只露出一点头部和几根足,小心翼翼地探查外界。</span></span></p><div class="pgc-img"><img src="/images/YjhydTBIK092M0E4UytFcVRwcVFMc0ZJUWtYUG9DRVZQM1VDT3NmN283eXlEZkQrdnlhaUFoTUlUZnJ4MDhZYzErWVVQNWh2em9zVTBSUmZSSDlwNGpsUmxvQWFjbjRIaENocDdpZ2hPTWI4UUxLL0t3OXJNbUdUNCt4dnhreGx3WTBTaFMyS1VHcERJdmpMbWdmNGtJVDRrNHhxVTJ1NlB6Ulg2NHo0WG9GTXYyT1pQbmd3ZzhrSno2QnNycThRRFVGa05mY21ZNTc2aDdVTWVEM2FYcDcxUlo1TWQyYlVTbXRkRklZcTlWWXgvSmZ5LytPb0hjbTFsVHNWbTg3QVE2R203ZU0wdG0yNDFWQTVKbXZycDRZWXVEQVk4Q0pFalJQdk16dGhBdXM9" img_width="1080" img_height="577" image_type="1" mime_type="image/jpeg" web_uri="tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/21f0680d7c0949c2b5271981b37f25b8" class="syl-page-img" style="height: auto;"><p class="pgc-img-caption">图/pixabay</p></div><p data-track="4"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">但实际上,随着人类活动造成的环境变化,寄居蟹漂亮的螺壳“房子”已经变成了这些:</span></span></p><div class="pgc-img"><img src="/images/MGRwMWlPdGpMMVVoc21pRFkrMU5SNlI3aWFRamNPamVRMGMvMnNZQkVwenJXeVNsODNVMXRxempmTlcxN1gyMmkvTC81UDAwRE1JOGdLb0dmbERkd1RKT25BSXZDMjNGMXJxOVlBcUtWTU1ReFZXbktVVnNIYnZFMGhQUW9HeXNlRG5nWUkxaE9RMUhTTEtOY0NmUHJqbFgvVXVFSzRzY3BhSnZ5UFl2MXFmM1BXbXU4OVV4VXVmUXJ2RGVxR3VtYXhqWGJDZm50ZlU2bTFUT01XSTkyeWZZanpwZ3B2QTk4VlNJSC9PeVRLTjA1bjlaQ2x1S2s0ZG1reXd1Mkc5dXhSd1dqMm5Rck5LT2hrbGcwSDRjQnpjT3BDcDUwRGVNYlB5VDQ5WUxnR3M9" img_width="986" img_height="998" image_type="1" mime_type="image/jpeg" web_uri="tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/33ef6931d24f4288a1b4a90ac48a5bcc" class="syl-page-img" style="height: auto;"><p class="pgc-img-caption">这是摄影师Shawn Miller拍下的一组作品.... 图/青岛水族馆</p></div><div class="pgc-img"><img src="/images/MGRwMWlPdGpMMVVoc21pRFkrMU5SNlI3aWFRamNPamVRMGMvMnNZQkVwenJXeVNsODNVMXRxempmTlcxN1gyMlAzWE5HeWJwcDNyUkFxVkltZVVDRE9zTkwzNzF4N0FRelZmRGhmU1JPY2hoMzBHUWR0MUV1NnBrUHBRUlA2Q09YalJrMmtreGhnSStkTnBpNHN2ek9CNkNWOXc1Y3VJQXFmK0dKWDBYMjJpSUJxeGFoekRDM0ZXWG81RE5ET3p3a3llMFVNSGczTWpablZWTW51VEFOOGdrZjFyU1VhRFR1RHhXTlF1ZGhGMGZIYUwwNnAxaEJ5dUhqclVObTFoZXA2Q0JiVnNjWjhwOXkvN0IvUlM4VFBLMmhqQ3dGUmRDM29EVUI3anFncFk9" img_width="1080" img_height="599" image_type="1" mime_type="image/png" web_uri="tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/95f4fec9ba9b46ec9e2cce72c3416b3a" class="syl-page-img" style="height: auto;"><p class="pgc-img-caption">复活岛上寄居在塑料娃娃头中艰难爬行的寄居蟹 图/浙视频截图</p></div><p data-track="7"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">早在2010年,摄影师Shawn Miller造访冲绳时便发现了这一现象。后续,他更是拍摄出了一系列震撼人心的寄居蟹以垃圾为家的照片,让这一现象彻底出圈进入大众视野。</span></span></p><div class="pgc-img"><img src="/images/MGRwMWlPdGpMMVVoc21pRFkrMU5SNlI3aWFRamNPamVRMGMvMnNZQkVwenJXeVNsODNVMXRxempmTlcxN1gyMmZFU3ZKMnZHdXV4eFlLMS9JejBqaEQ1S0o0TzZIU3FPeVZOS2toV3dnanpSWEhtcjQrU1B4QVJEeDlQWFJvSU56RktPVmtSVGgzS1dBM3Y4Q2xMU2MxVUJlMitnZE5TWk96em52eVhJYTY3dnAvMlR1VDdOSlJDdnpiY2FPUHNqMVlBM1ZISjJtMGFmazNxekFLZWE2cVJUck1wa3JYWGVmaVBVN0tudnhQWTZEMlB3UjhQMDdiQ0ZEN21xN2dyeFhtOEhXVGdzMFlNajI2VWkybG1MRGt3ZnZ0b2xlSFZIbytuN0NDSzhxNTA9" img_width="1160" img_height="660" image_type="1" mime_type="image/jpeg" web_uri="tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/1c4a936fdc30402b8f83000be237eba7" class="syl-page-img" style="height: auto;"><p class="pgc-img-caption">图/青岛水族馆</p></div><p data-track="9"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">最近,发表在《整体环境科学》上的一项研究<a href="/N/eo48Q.html" title="首次发现" style="text-decoration: underline;color: blue;">首次发现</a>,</span><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">这种行为在全球范围内都存在,现在大多数陆生寄居蟹物种正在使用</span><span style="color: #007AAA; --tt-darkmode-color: #007AAA;">瓶盖、灯泡、塑料杯</span>等垃圾作为它们的外壳。</strong></span></p><h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="10">一生都在为“房子”奔波</h1><p data-track="11"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">寄居蟹又名白住房、干住屋,这些俏皮的名称生动形象地诠释了该物种的特点:喜欢栖身在其他动物的甲壳中。</span></span></p><p data-track="12"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">与大多数蟹类不同,寄居蟹出生时身体柔软。它们生活在壳中,</span><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">以此抵御捕食者,对抗水流和保持湿润</span></strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">,选择最好的壳对寄居蟹来说至关重要。</span></span></p><div class="pgc-img"><img src="/images/MGRwMWlPdGpMMVVoc21pRFkrMU5SNlI3aWFRamNPamVRMGMvMnNZQkVwenJXeVNsODNVMXRxempmTlcxN1gyMnkrZEtFRDlzRXRkRlVia0k3eC9McGhpbStrSTNLbTFNQndVOTE0REJjcmhzZkR0cTlid1Q0TCtvU25OdzUwUG5MMlRXOHNCSkhXdUxYck5qRWtkWmYyeDNGaTdmMVV1cnR6S280OXpyWFA2VVZ0alBGTHczVjd5K1NTdUx1R05zaUU5Y05JeUk0RDJIdlVoY3FKVFh2cTRReUtnajRlUVhKS1YrWHlKcWUvS1NNL1hKSHVLSHhEcHFKTEcxb2pLMXBtT25JQ1FRN2xQNTNtbmdSTjdvdmNmU0J3ZDVtZCtGRnV1eGtjZ3BTUnM9" img_width="1080" img_height="682" image_type="1" mime_type="image/jpeg" web_uri="tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/d7ffbd2820594c5fb791f65c3b8c0775" class="syl-page-img" style="height: auto;"><p class="pgc-img-caption">图/pixabay</p></div><p data-track="14"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">然而,找“房子”并非易事。寄居蟹在一生中要做许多具有挑战性的决定,这需要高级的认知能力。</span></span></p><p data-track="15"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">尽管对寄居蟹大脑的研究仍处于起步阶段,但科学家已初步发现它们与其它蟹类的区别。据西班牙《国家报》网站报道,</span><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">它们的空间感知和探索能力更强。强大的记忆力使它们能够回忆起壳的特征,这能为它们节省时间和精力。</span></strong></span></p><div class="pgc-img"><img src="/images/MGRwMWlPdGpMMVVoc21pRFkrMU5SNlI3aWFRamNPamVRMGMvMnNZQkVwenJXeVNsODNVMXRxempmTlcxN1gyMlJybURvYm81ZnFtTCtFV01WeVFQdHprUVRZY0oxOVRJQjVHeGlvUjNlZm56SFpzWE9NUytSOHRqV01PYTJtSC9kdUkyMnNrQzZwZHA3V2Z2VnozRHBXMkRVL3JqS09Bam5qL3g1N3prUUlpZjVKOTZZZnNVL3Z3SjNFdUtSNCs2KzgxTUJyK2thdkZrUWF3Vlo2UWE3YlFkaDlqVUs4TlJnNHRqdjBUNU9OWFh5WDRsK2lYVWZ0V1A0cnBpUlgwNnVhVUp2TDdkV0dBMVhFaU5LemZZK1pPQ3Z1SXgveVZ5MEp3c3h2QVF5K1U9" img_width="1080" img_height="720" image_type="1" mime_type="image/jpeg" web_uri="tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/3752dcf4c3d74885bc2c3a5d32788245" class="syl-page-img" style="height: auto;"><p class="pgc-img-caption">图/pixabay</p></div><p data-track="17"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">那它们是怎样挑选合适的寄居壳的呢?</span></span></p><p data-track="18"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">首先,寄居蟹会用眼睛评估贝壳</span></strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">,收集有关贝壳类型、大小和颜色的信息;</span><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">然后,它们用腿和钳子探索贝壳的内部和外部</span></strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">,确保大小合适;</span><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">随着自身长大,它们会丢弃原来的壳,寻找更大的壳来寄居。</span></strong></span></p><p data-track="19"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">寄居蟹之间也存在“换房”的连锁反应。为了寻找一个适合自己的壳,寄居蟹会按大小排列,依次与其它寄居蟹交换外壳,就像跳蚤市场一样。研究还证实,它们能够记住以前栖息的“房子”。</span></span></p><h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right">天然贝壳缺乏或导致“换房”</h1><p data-track="21"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">近年来,一种不同寻常的情况出现,“寄居蟹们不再背着我们熟悉的那些漂亮的蜗牛壳了……而是换成了红色塑料瓶盖,或者各种奇奇怪怪的碎片。”这一发现令科学家十分震惊。</span></span></p><p data-track="22"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">随着研究深入,科学家们发现,这已经不只是个别地方的问题了,而是个全球性的大麻烦。</span></span></p><div class="pgc-img"><img src="/images/MGRwMWlPdGpMMVVoc21pRFkrMU5SNlI3aWFRamNPamVRMGMvMnNZQkVwenJXeVNsODNVMXRxempmTlcxN1gyMm9xSU54STlsV2lSelhwdVpDMUlZQjNlTlhkY2ZMUmJydU1TU3hWMUVyZXJmd0xqOTNWaERBY0h6ME5POXJSc3g0bWxQcXl6eWw1dnhXdjY0dVFiWjU3WFFxQVZ2WlR6MkszcUZvMllHRmVHU3ZvYXo2NWhwNnVON0N3SUg4MS9PU2dFak9vRWMxVlgzNWlEUk5nTmNtRDRtSUtIMzZ0KzFyR1d3bmdOdDV4amE2Vkl6LzVTV29aeVlwWVZuU2VCK2tHU2tmNjRIbE1qTTczcjMzUU55Rlhkd2NNYkFscUdVZmFhZnFUNGdHS1U9" img_width="442" img_height="478" image_type="5" mime_type="image/gif" web_uri="tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/52609e2d4a3a48bab7c81d80500c18a1" class="syl-page-img" style="height: auto;"><p class="pgc-img-caption">图/英国报姐</p></div><p data-track="24"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">波兰生物学家分析了科学文献和在线视频,发现了386个甲壳类动物以垃圾作为“庇护所”的实例。这些视频展示了</span><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">全球发现的16种寄居蟹中的10种,横跨从非洲到中美洲的热带地区。</span></strong></span></p><p data-track="25"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">而在这些‘人造新家’里,最常见的是塑料汽水瓶盖,这几乎成为了一种寄居蟹界的“新潮流”。</span></span></p><p data-track="26"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">数据表明,</span><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">85%的寄居蟹在“换房”时选择了塑料,通常是白色或黑色瓶盖;其余为金属、玻璃以及这两种材料的组合,各占5%左右。</span></strong></span></p><div class="pgc-img"><img src="/images/MGRwMWlPdGpMMVVoc21pRFkrMU5SNlI3aWFRamNPamVRMGMvMnNZQkVwenJXeVNsODNVMXRxempmTlcxN1gyMm5ZV2djaWIvT3N4OEZWZEhRczNnSlBtc0QxczRRK2IxV2U0YVVMNDVhUFBrRzUycWdWVElZLzArcUc0WUJMczA1b09ob0h6cGRuaEoweWxHbDFCYTJ3Q2ZmekJuUTZwZGRweFVJRXVOVkw4Smdna1ZQRnNPL0tnMk8wdlpUalFzaUdmazBzS0R2a2dDaGk0SkVFQWtNN0ZJWk1NNmRhQlhzUHl2QTBwYlBZRnkyeDRVRnNUUlV4dHNCdlF0bS85MVlka2JSSGpHanQrSlJZU2F0VG1HbTN2RWRTbXhHYyt4bGIwdStwOHkra1U9" img_width="750" img_height="468" image_type="1" mime_type="image/png" web_uri="tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/dc3299a5dbb649adab8172c230106977" class="syl-page-img" style="height: auto;"><p class="pgc-img-caption">图/青岛水族馆</p></div><p data-track="28"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">寄居蟹为何用垃圾建造“住房”仍然是一个悬而未解的问题。</span></span></p><p data-track="29"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">一种可能性是,</span><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">天然贝壳的缺乏以及水生栖息地中越来越普遍的塑料垃圾迫使它们这么做。</span></strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">绿色和平组织估计,1980年至2020年间,塑料产量激增900%,每年超过5亿吨。许多塑料最终进入垃圾填埋场而不是被回收。</span></span></p><p data-track="30"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">研究人员认为,寄居蟹每12—18个月换一次壳,所以需要努力寻找天然的保护来源。</span><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">由于腹足动物数量减少,它们选择海蜗牛壳作为“住房”的可能性也会减少。</span></strong></span></p><p data-track="31"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">研究团队还发现,</span><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">携带更重的天然贝壳需要更多能量</span></strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">,而塑料相对较轻,对较小较弱的寄居蟹来说更“实用”。</span></span></p><div class="pgc-img"><img src="/images/MGRwMWlPdGpMMVVoc21pRFkrMU5SNlI3aWFRamNPamVRMGMvMnNZQkVwenJXeVNsODNVMXRxempmTlcxN1gyMkplRjN2UUdWeWY5a2M3M1FBbEVPM2VkbjJ3ZmpMTitKak5ZTmVXVWVWckJ6RFVHSlFibDBpU2VTdS9YaEg0d0NNdFA2QnhJWE1KNFhnVFZHOGFNeDNIMGtMK2dJS1JZRUdzaExlZncwODArbEg3ang4T1ZqYU9yVHk0VE96TllrMnlnc3BObVVLWTB3ZkJCd1FDOHVIZmdJOFRyb1UyYnNDREpna2RLSHFHUHBtckdwNW1kbE1IcjF6bHdFb0FicGNCZSs4S01oMzZuUHhyR2JsanpON1VGemFFaEd6d1d1bis4OVVoamdDSUk9" img_width="804" img_height="804" image_type="1" mime_type="image/jpeg" web_uri="tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/5458205857b946879af55edfd449be16" class="syl-page-img" style="height: auto;"><p class="pgc-img-caption">图/青岛水族馆</p></div><p data-track="33"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">此外,</span><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">塑料的气味有助于寄居蟹吸引伴侣。</span></strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">有研究认为,塑料制品会释放出的一种叫做二甲基硫醚(DMS)的化学物质。死蟹和腐烂的寄居蟹尸体也会产生这种化学物质,寄居蟹们会被这种气味所吸引,认为这将提供一个偷走它们壳的机会……</span><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">塑料制品的DMS和天然贝壳正好发出了同类气味信号</span></strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">,误导了这些寄居蟹,吸引它们过来。</span></span></p><h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right">人造“房子”对进化影响尚不明确</h1><p data-track="35"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">对塑料的依赖是寄居蟹对环境变化的一种适应策略,但从长远来看,这可能是一个致命的“生态和进化陷阱”。</span></span></p><p data-track="36"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">一方面,与天然贝壳相比,塑料废物往往更亮,并且可能与背景形成更鲜明的对比,使寄居蟹更容易受到捕食者的攻击。</span></span></p><p data-track="37"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">另一方面,塑料会分解出微塑料,进入海洋生物体内,从而对整体食物链造成污染。</span></span></p><div class="pgc-img"><img src="/images/MGRwMWlPdGpMMVVoc21pRFkrMU5SNlI3aWFRamNPamVRMGMvMnNZQkVwenJXeVNsODNVMXRxempmTlcxN1gyMkUwdk42SlFvZHNLZEZuZFdLSnVBT2FhbTBOZ2VlUjVoM2FjR1kweEgwRnpWdXd1NEpaWXMwSTM4VkNvRVVyOEZscFJIZFIybDROZjNCTDBGc0wyOFdjODVqUll3Ym5LdG9QWnFmZlp3dUxMR1NmK24xaVJWd0t3TWtUaG16a1dZakpUNHk1OWtzRU10MXRRbHFvcVlTSEl6OFpVaUNsU21pZGR1alh4S0RObWtPdzhjNGdnQTVPUS9xU05kRGtKQk5Uc0xDeE9kb1RwSmpFVWFWU09zTzM2VVNVNmljQnZuckFGazJ3aGpLVjVjcUNDS3pOUVVoNTJvRHZpRkRiOSs=" img_width="1190" img_height="786" image_type="1" mime_type="image/jpeg" web_uri="tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/bcdd0a312b014869a3b51f0297915a9c" class="syl-page-img" style="height: auto;"><p class="pgc-img-caption">图/青岛水族馆</p></div><p data-track="39"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">美国《华盛顿邮报》网站报道,2019年,科学家在印度洋上偏远的澳大利亚领土科科斯群岛海岸发现了4.14亿件垃圾。他们分析了这些废物对该地区寄居蟹的影响,</span><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">发现超过50万只寄居蟹爬进瓶子等物品中,被卡住并死亡。</span></strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">这些寄居蟹的死亡,大多是因为它们误以为塑料是安全的避难所。结果爬进去容易爬出来难,寄居蟹可能因为塑料表面太过光滑而无法爬出,最终死亡。</span></span></p><p data-track="40"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">美国《史密森尼》杂志网站报道,2021年,研究人员发现</span><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">废弃轮胎也会导致类似结果。</span></strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">报道称,寄居蟹会从废弃的贝壳爬进废弃的轮胎中,以寻求庇护或食物。然而,</span><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">它们最终却因为无法逃脱轮胎内部的弯曲壁而饿死。</span></strong></span></p><p data-track="41"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">美国趣味科学网也在报道中指出,几千年来,人类通过驯化过程有意改变了动物的行为。自然动物种群中任何意外的行为变化都可能令人担忧。</span><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">塑料污染只是人们改变环境的方式之一,这是迄今为止报道最多的海洋环境污染。</span></strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">动物行为也受到其他形式污染的影响,包括微塑料、药物、光和噪音,以及<a href="/N/3YY4.html" title="气候变化" style="text-decoration: underline;color: blue;">气候变化</a>引起的气温上升和海洋酸化。</span></span></p><div class="pgc-img"><img src="/images/MGRwMWlPdGpMMVVoc21pRFkrMU5SNlI3aWFRamNPamVRMGMvMnNZQkVwenJXeVNsODNVMXRxempmTlcxN1gyMnNSNDJsR1VUVGx1WkJ5SHlTaEZOazN4Ti9BRWlKUzl5RFo5bkw4QlVEKzA4VjVMMWpIMDgzdmtlVEdySTU3Wk9zYkU1MTZHZkdOOU1rS2VXcElGbTUwbG5maG5pTHZDNUtpOFdBcXc4TnJXSnBmSU9yRGwvZEwzNCtKWDE2OFF0Y2J5bTg2U29jbThsMkd6MWEyRDRxTitKaFBDK2RXVFVEM3VYdk9oUU5RTDhOV1I2YXhId3VmRmJSSHhYTncrUysrSkNBdlBIVGdvSi9wdlI0N3hSTGpUNmdWdEd6ZXFka283UUcvYkIwWGc9" img_width="1160" img_height="744" image_type="1" mime_type="image/jpeg" web_uri="tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/f0bff0e61c5e483080621a13dbbaf283" class="syl-page-img" style="height: auto;"><p class="pgc-img-caption">摄影师Shawn Miller拍下的一组作品 图/网络</p></div><p data-track="43"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">虽然调查寄居蟹对塑料废物的使用,可以帮助人们更好地了解人类对环境造成的某些影响及带来的后果,但它并没有表明动物将如何适应人类世。在这个时代,人类活动一直在发生变化,对地球产生了重大影响。</span></span></p><p data-track="44"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">研究人员表示,人</span><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">造“房子”为寄居蟹铺设了新的进化轨道,还是说它们是人类世生态和进化的“陷阱”,值得人们深思。</span></strong></span></p><h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right">塑料危机席卷全球</h1><p data-track="46"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">当前全球塑料污染速度非常惊人,但到目前为止,很多人还没真正看到塑料污染带来的严重危机。</span></span></p><p data-track="47"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">联合国发布的消息显示,</span><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">我们每年生产约4.3亿吨的塑料,其中三分之二在短暂使用后就会变为废弃物。到2050年,海洋里的塑料可能比鱼还多。</span></strong></span></p><div class="pgc-img"><img src="/images/MGRwMWlPdGpMMVVoc21pRFkrMU5SNlI3aWFRamNPamVRMGMvMnNZQkVwenJXeVNsODNVMXRxempmTlcxN1gyMlZaNURWTlp6SUFPR3AwajlTdU9ISTF5M1lDUVJNakpsOGZTTUJ5N21lY3QrZ2poWXAzMytQd05Td1cvejZKS2RCaWFtanVmSytqTXJXME5JdjlYaUZoOFdrU1MzMkFYVnV2ZkNpaEY0S0JGeUxwaVM4cE85MnJxOGxpdmZBNlRQMFJsSTFjNENIYmk5UnhZRDNxRzZqSE16K3ZEL3FvZmFOaEp3RDdWWTNKbGtEQnI1dm1RZUJhNlFvWldKalBzZ2tUajMyZUhJaHVnWENJZkxydlpld2ZoWkVFSE56ZUtuM0FkeGU4V3o0Wnc9" img_width="830" img_height="554" image_type="1" mime_type="image/jpeg" web_uri="tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/ec3dcfa5c6854bfbb49a31b13d2fc3a5" class="syl-page-img" style="height: auto;"><p class="pgc-img-caption"></p></div><p style="text-align: center;" data-track="48"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #888888; --tt-darkmode-color: #888888;">图/Bored Panda</span></span></p><p data-track="49"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><strong><span style="color: #007AAA; --tt-darkmode-color: #007AAA;">一组触目惊心的数据带你了解塑料污染:</span></strong></span></p><ul><li data-track="50"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">一个塑料瓶只有几克的重量,</span><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">自然降解却需要450年</span></strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">;</span></span></li><li data-track="51"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">全球平均</span><strong><span style="color: #D13106; --tt-darkmode-color: #D13106;">每1分钟消耗100万个塑料袋</span></strong>,全球<strong>每年塑料总消费量超4亿吨</strong>,几乎相当于全球人口的总重量;</span></li><li data-track="52"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">目前全球</span><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">只有14%的塑料包装得到回收</span></strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">,而最终被</span><strong><span style="color: #D13106; --tt-darkmode-color: #D13106;">有效回收的只有10%</span></strong>;</span></li><li data-track="53"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">每天相当于有</span><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">2000辆满载塑料的垃圾车</span></strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">,向江河湖海倾倒塑料;</span></span></li><li data-track="54"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">每年</span><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">约有800万吨塑料垃圾</span></strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">进入海洋,全部加起来可以</span><strong><span style="color: #D13106; --tt-darkmode-color: #D13106;">绕地球420圈</span></strong>;</span></li><li data-track="55"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">“大太平洋垃圾带”漂浮的塑料垃圾</span><strong><span style="color: #D13106; --tt-darkmode-color: #D13106;">约1.8万亿件</span></strong>,漂浮面积约为<strong>法国国土面积的3倍;</strong></span></li><li data-track="56"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">自20世纪50年代以来,全球已经生产了</span><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">超过80亿吨塑料</span></strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">,这</span><strong><span style="color: #D13106; --tt-darkmode-color: #D13106;">相当于超过80万座埃菲尔铁塔的重量;</span></strong></span></li><li data-track="57"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">联合国环境规划署(UNEP)预计到2050年,全球初级塑料的产量</span><strong><span style="color: #D13106; --tt-darkmode-color: #D13106;">将达到340亿吨;</span></strong></span></li></ul><div class="pgc-img"><img src="/images/MGRwMWlPdGpMMVVoc21pRFkrMU5SNlI3aWFRamNPamVRMGMvMnNZQkVwenJXeVNsODNVMXRxempmTlcxN1gyMjJleUY3SDFxVGRCY3pobGI0RFVreUpVRlRPWWwwY0ZoclFReU0xQ1ljK1JqZ05TeG5KeW5oYkVCNGV3YjNaS1hqdFFSUDErdWtrMHllcmxiQkxJY0pRK1hLb2J1SGwvTmRHUUFtbWZmdldNdzQwbDJFcFV0MzN2VGNhaXgxY3ZxQjRWeWZhYm43QWNZRW56QitwcmcvREtmTTAyZTRsUUZkUjBraUxlN25xbXlTdlVXZk93Tzk5RWhsOEtyM05IQzkxNVErV2dud0F1cFJWZVN0L2x1U0lrbDkrcm9idVBZOGlOajQ0MUlWN3F6ajdhODc0K01JTG9LU0szR3Z1SXk=" img_width="1400" img_height="932" image_type="1" mime_type="image/jpeg" web_uri="tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/02c0b6e203ad407fb0bdc7542da1f6a5" class="syl-page-img" style="height: auto;"><p class="pgc-img-caption"></p></div><p data-track="58"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #888888; --tt-darkmode-color: #888888;">意大利那不勒斯湾,海上风暴带来的,塑料垃圾和碎片。图/中国新闻网</span></span></p><ul><li data-track="59"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">艾伦·麦克阿瑟基金会与世界经济论坛共同发布的一份报告显示,如果塑料污染继续以当前速度发展,那么到2050年,海洋将包含至少</span><strong><span style="color: #D13106; --tt-darkmode-color: #D13106;">9.37亿吨塑料</span></strong>。相比之下,2050年预计海洋中会有<strong>8.95亿吨鱼类</strong>,也就是说,30年后,海洋中的塑料废物会比鱼还多;</span></li><li data-track="60"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">据联合国消息,可能</span><strong><span style="color: #D13106; --tt-darkmode-color: #D13106;">超过90%的鸟类和鱼类</span></strong>的胃里都有微塑料颗粒;</span></li><li data-track="61"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">2019年发表在《环境科学与技术》杂志上的一项以美国为基础的研究显示,人们平均</span><strong><span style="color: #D13106; --tt-darkmode-color: #D13106;">每年可以消耗超过7万个微塑料颗粒</span></strong>,长期只喝瓶装水的人甚至<strong>每年可能会额外饮入9万个微塑料颗粒。</strong></span></li><li data-track="62"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">发表在《自然可持续性》杂志上的一项研究指出,2015年塑料的全球碳足迹已经达到22亿吨二氧化碳当量(大部分发生在生产环节),占全球温室气体排放量的4.5%,和1995年相比已经翻了一番。</span><strong><span style="color: #D13106; --tt-darkmode-color: #D13106;">到2050年,与塑料相关的温室气体排放量将占到全球允许排放量的15%。</span></strong></span></li><li data-track="63"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">目前,</span><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">科学家已经在南极、北极以及人体内都发现了微塑料。</span></strong></span></li></ul><div class="pgc-img"><img src="/images/Q1ZKdXVqb3Bvb0ZFWHYwbFhzOE5SSS94QW1NK2prRW9xSDE2dVZhR3RBL1kwTmliMW5RekpuQWNBNWMyTnhsNFhsSWJaK2hLT0FuZ2Z3US9OU2NsZ2xTSlhJVEJjd2Izd0V6a05ocWNyNWNmek13Nk5URnlhakJzTk9Cenl4akZDc01SNmxFYjNTS1piVTNKRkt4dFhWbnVQT3J3ZDhGWkhqNTYxam9jU25DZVQzbXdXcXVYWk94dUxLZVZxODlQTW9OZkNIWXNpQW90Qm9lM0tMSEpuUEhMVUpVK2JXVTk5MDBvQUFFaVpzalNxWGFDQlc2SU1lMWxCRnhMTUJzTVZnWXFURU5yZEk5THVLbDJPWFZ5TE0wejU5MjJKZHpSUmdpOXZ6UlNJT2ZSQnh3MVd6YjczdVZGelM3ZkViWDg=" img_width="1080" img_height="567" image_type="1" mime_type="image/png" web_uri="tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/2e3e53cefb094822a367cf095c25ba28" class="syl-page-img" style="height: auto;"><p class="pgc-img-caption"></p></div><p data-track="64"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">塑料垃圾不仅污染环境、破坏生态、威胁<a href="/N/Pv3mG.html" title="生物多样性" style="text-decoration: underline;color: blue;">生物多样性</a>,还会危害人体健康,影响生育、新陈代谢、神经系统等。</span></span></p><p data-track="65"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">当前全球正面临塑料垃圾爆炸性增长的危机,我们每一个人都应引起重视。从我做起,从小事做起,减少使用一次性塑料制品,莫让“蓝色星球”被染成“白色星球”。</span></span></p><p data-track="66">来源:生态中国网综合整理科技日报、网络等;图文版权归原作者,本图文不做商用,如有侵权请联系我们删除。</p> </div> </div> <!-- 右侧文字列表 --> <div class="space-y-6"> <!-- 第一部分 --> <div class="bg-white shadow rounded p-4"> <h4 class="text-lg font-semibold text-gray-900 border-b pb-2"> <a href="/kO/HOzkGPbXGPD3SM3gR-Tr/" title="巴彦县疫情" class="hover:text-blue-500">巴彦县疫情</a> </h4> 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