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Bränsleluftblandning – Wikipedia
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Tillgänglig på 18 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="نسبة الوقود إلى الهواء – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نسبة الوقود إلى الهواء" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sou%C4%8Dinitel_p%C5%99ebytku_vzduchu" title="Součinitel přebytku vzduchu – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Součinitel přebytku vzduchu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbrennungsluftverh%C3%A4ltnis" title="Verbrennungsluftverhältnis – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Verbrennungsluftverhältnis" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio" title="Air–fuel ratio – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Air–fuel ratio" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relaci%C3%B3n_aire-combusti%C3%B3n" title="Relación aire-combustión – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Relación aire-combustión" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%AA_%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AE%D8%AA" title="نسبت هوا-سوخت – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نسبت هوا-سوخت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapport_de_m%C3%A9lange_(combustion)" title="Rapport de mélange (combustion) – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rapport de mélange (combustion)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EC%97%B0%EB%B9%84" title="공연비 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="공연비" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aria_teorica_di_combustione" title="Aria teorica di combustione – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Aria teorica di combustione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambdawaarde_(motortechniek)" title="Lambdawaarde (motortechniek) – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lambdawaarde (motortechniek)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E7%87%83%E6%AF%94" title="空燃比 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="空燃比" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wsp%C3%B3%C5%82czynnik_nadmiaru_powietrza" title="Współczynnik nadmiaru powietrza – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Współczynnik nadmiaru powietrza" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amestec_carburant" title="Amestec carburant – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Amestec carburant" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8E%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Стехиометрическая горючая смесь – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Стехиометрическая горючая смесь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BA%C4%8Dinite%C4%BE_prebytku_vzduchu" title="Súčiniteľ prebytku vzduchu – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Súčiniteľ prebytku vzduchu" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%8E%DA%98%DB%95%DB%8C_%DA%BE%DB%95%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%A8%DB%95_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%85%DB%95%D9%86%DB%8C" title="ڕێژەی ھەوا بە سووتەمەنی – centralkurdiska" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕێژەی ھەوا بە سووتەمەنی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralkurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8E%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%97_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%88%D1%96" title="Стехіометричний склад горючої суміші – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Стехіометричний склад горючої суміші" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E7%87%83%E6%AF%94" title="空燃比 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="空燃比" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q178895#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A4nsleluftblandning" title="Visa innehållssidan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Br%C3%A4nsleluftblandning" rel="discussion" title="Diskussion om innehållssidan [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ändra språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">svenska</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visningar"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A4nsleluftblandning"><span>Läs</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Br%C3%A4nsleluftblandning&veaction=edit" title="Redigera denna sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigera</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Br%C3%A4nsleluftblandning&action=edit" title="Redigera wikitexten för den här sidan [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redigera wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Br%C3%A4nsleluftblandning&action=history" title="Tidigare versioner av sidan [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Visa historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktyg" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktyg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktyg</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Fler alternativ" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Åtgärder </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A4nsleluftblandning"><span>Läs</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a 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hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Senaste_relaterade_%C3%A4ndringar/Br%C3%A4nsleluftblandning" rel="nofollow" title="Visa senaste ändringarna av sidor som den här sidan länkar till [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterade ändringar</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Specialsidor" title="Lista över alla specialsidor [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Specialsidor</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Br%C3%A4nsleluftblandning&oldid=49226196" title="Permanent länk till den här versionen av sidan"><span>Permanent länk</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Br%C3%A4nsleluftblandning&action=info" title="Mer information om denna sida"><span>Sidinformation</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a 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table.ambox th.ambox-text,.mw-parser-output table.ambox td.ambox-text{padding:.25em .5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output table.ambox td.ambox-image{padding:2px 0 2px .5em;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output table.ambox td.ambox-imageright{padding:2px 4px 2px 0;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #608ec2}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-delete,.mw-parser-output table.ambox-serious{border-left:10px solid #b22222}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #f4c430}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-merge{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox{border-top-width:0}.mw-parser-output .messagebox{border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#f8f9fa;width:80%;margin:0 auto 1em auto;padding:.2em}.mw-parser-output .messagebox.merge{border:1px solid #c0b8cc;background-color:#f0e5ff;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .messagebox.cleanup{border:1px solid #9f9fff;background-color:#efefff;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .messagebox.standard-talk{border:1px solid #c0c090;background-color:#f8eaba}.mw-parser-output .messagebox.nested-talk{border:1px solid #c0c090;background-color:#f8eaba;width:100%;margin:2px 4px}</style><table class="metadata ambox ambox-content" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td class="ambox-image"> <div style="width:52px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Question_book-4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/40px-Question_book-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/60px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/80px-Question_book-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204" /></a></span></div></td> <td class="ambox-text">Den här artikeln <b>behöver <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:K%C3%A4llh%C3%A4nvisningar" title="Wikipedia:Källhänvisningar">källhänvisningar</a> för att kunna <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifierbarhet" title="Wikipedia:Verifierbarhet">verifieras</a>.</b> <small>(2021-02)</small> <br /><small>Åtgärda genom att lägga till pålitliga källor (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Introduktion_till_k%C3%A4llh%C3%A4nvisningar" title="Wikipedia:Introduktion till källhänvisningar">gärna som fotnoter</a>). Uppgifter utan källhänvisning kan <a href="/wiki/Mall:K%C3%A4lla_beh%C3%B6vs" title="Mall:Källa behövs">ifrågasättas</a> och tas bort utan att det behöver diskuteras på <a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Br%C3%A4nsleluftblandning" title="Diskussion:Bränsleluftblandning">diskussionssidan</a>.</small></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Bränsleluftblandning</b> avser blandningen av <a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A4nsle" title="Bränsle">bränsle</a> och <a href="/wiki/Luft" class="mw-redirect" title="Luft">luft</a> i samband med <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6rbr%C3%A4nning" title="Förbränning">förbränning</a>. Ofta avses blandningen i en <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6rbr%C3%A4nningsmotor" title="Förbränningsmotor">förbränningsmotor</a>, där bränslet exempelvis kan vara <a href="/wiki/Bensin" title="Bensin">bensin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dieselolja" title="Dieselolja">diesel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metanol" title="Metanol">metanol</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol">etanol</a>. </p><p>För att få en så <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fullst%C3%A4ndig_f%C3%B6rbr%C3%A4nning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fullständig förbränning [inte skriven än]">fullständig förbränning</a> som möjligt eftersträvas normalt en <a href="/wiki/St%C3%B6kiometrisk_blandning" class="mw-redirect" title="Stökiometrisk blandning">stökiometrisk blandning</a>. </p><p>Blandningen sker antingen med hjälp av en <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6rgasare" title="Förgasare">förgasare</a> eller ett insprutningssystem. Blandningen komprimeras av <a href="/wiki/Kolv_(maskindel)" title="Kolv (maskindel)">kolven</a> i <a href="/wiki/Cylinder" title="Cylinder">cylindern</a> och antänds oftast med <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A4ndstift" title="Tändstift">tändstift</a>, i <a href="/wiki/Dieselmotor" title="Dieselmotor">dieselmotorn</a> antänds blandningen av själva kompressionen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lambdavärde"><span id="Lambdav.C3.A4rde"></span>Lambdavärde</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Br%C3%A4nsleluftblandning&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Lambdavärde" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Br%C3%A4nsleluftblandning&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Lambdavärde"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lambda, <i>λ</i>, anger förhållandet mellan en <a href="/wiki/St%C3%B6kiometrisk_blandning" class="mw-redirect" title="Stökiometrisk blandning">stökiometrisk blandning</a> och den faktiska proportionen mellan bränsle och syrgas. <i>λ</i> = 1,0 avser en stökiometrisk blandning, som är den optimal blandningen. Ökas mängden luft i förhållande till bränslet (magrare blandning) är <i>λ</i> större än 1, en blandning med mer bränsle (rik blandning) är värdet mindre än 1. </p><p>Den stökiometriska blandningen är för bensin cirka 14,7 delar luft till 1 del bränsle uttryckt som <a href="/wiki/Massa" title="Massa">massandelar</a>. </p><p>Det är inte alltid som <i>λ</i> = 1 eftersträvas i motorer. Vid höga belastningar och när man på bilar med <a href="/wiki/Turbo" title="Turbo">turbo</a> har ett <a href="/wiki/Tryck" title="Tryck">tryck</a> som är över atmosfärstrycket behövs det en större andel bränsle för att få en bra förbränning. Vid 1 <a href="/wiki/Bar_(m%C3%A5ttenhet)" title="Bar (måttenhet)">bars</a> övertryck är det vanligt att ett lambdavärde runt 0,85 är lämpligt, men det har mycket att göra med motortyp och andra omständigheter. </p><p>I motorer används en <a href="/wiki/Lambdasond" title="Lambdasond">lambdasond</a> för att mäta bränsle-luftblandningen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Källor"><span id="K.C3.A4llor"></span>Källor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Br%C3%A4nsleluftblandning&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Källor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Br%C3%A4nsleluftblandning&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Källor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐7d588db968‐gbwgg Cached time: 20241105041155 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.038 seconds Real time usage: 0.051 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 187/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2999/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 667/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1632/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.002/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 619228/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 36.847 1 Mall:Källor 100.00% 36.847 1 -total 89.77% 33.076 1 Mall:Källor_metamall 82.17% 30.276 1 Mall:Ambox 4.97% 1.830 1 Mall:Omsubst --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key svwiki:pcache:idhash:421635-0!canonical and timestamp 20241105041155 and revision id 49226196. 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