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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#in_Norwegian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>in Norwegian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-in_Norwegian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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.sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Norway" title="Category:Norway">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Norwegians" title="Norwegians">Norwegians</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Norway.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/90px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/135px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/180px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top: #aaa 1px solid;"> <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Norway" title="Culture of Norway">Culture</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Norway" title="Architecture of Norway">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_art" title="Norwegian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_cuisine" title="Norwegian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Norway" title="Public holidays in Norway">Holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_literature" title="Norwegian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Norway" title="Cinema of Norway">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Norway" title="Television in Norway">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_Norway" title="Radio in Norway">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Norway" title="List of newspapers in Norway">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Norwegian_magazines" title="List of Norwegian magazines">Magazines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Norway" title="Internet in Norway">Internet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Norway" title="Music of Norway">Music</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top: #aaa 1px solid;"> <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_diaspora" title="Norwegian diaspora">Diaspora</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Australians" title="Norwegian Australians">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Brazilians" title="Nordic Brazilians">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Canadians" title="Norwegian Canadians">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegians_in_Finland" title="Norwegians in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Settlement_of_Iceland" title="Settlement of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Mexicans" title="Scandinavian Mexicans">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_New_Zealanders" title="Norwegian New Zealanders">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kola_Norwegians" title="Kola Norwegians">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_South_Africans" title="Norwegian South Africans">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_and_Scandinavian_diaspora_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Nordic and Scandinavian diaspora in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Americans" title="Norwegian Americans">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_Americans" title="Sámi Americans">Sámi Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Dakotan" title="Norwegian Dakotan">Dakotas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Minnesotan" title="Norwegian Minnesotan">Minnesota</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Venezuelans" title="Nordic Venezuelans">Venezuela</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top: #aaa 1px solid;"> Other</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Norway" title="Languages of Norway">Language</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Norway" title="Religion in Norway">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Norway" title="Tourism in Norway">Tourism</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top: #aaa 1px solid;"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Norway" title="Portal:Norway">Norwegian Portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Norwegian-people" title="Template:Norwegian-people"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Norwegian-people" title="Template talk:Norwegian-people"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Norwegian-people" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Norwegian-people"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Mass media in Norway</b> outlines the current state of the press, television, radio, film and cinema, and social media in <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Press">Press</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Norway&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Press"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Reporters_Without_Borders" title="Reporters Without Borders">Reporters Without Borders</a> ranks <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> 1st in its <a href="/wiki/Worldwide_Press_Freedom_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Worldwide Press Freedom Index">Worldwide Press Freedom Index</a>. Freedom of the press in Norway dates back to the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Norway" title="Constitution of Norway">constitution</a> of 1814. Most of the Norwegian press is privately owned and self-regulated; however, the state provides <a href="/wiki/Press_support" title="Press support">press support</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Television">Television</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Norway&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Television_in_Norway" title="Television in Norway">Television in Norway</a></div> <p>The two companies dominating the Norwegian terrestrial broadcast television are the government-owned <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Broadcasting_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation">NRK</a> (with four main services, <a href="/wiki/NRK1" title="NRK1">NRK1</a>, <a href="/wiki/NRK2" title="NRK2">NRK2</a>, <a href="/wiki/NRK3" title="NRK3">NRK3</a> and <a href="/wiki/NRK_Super" title="NRK Super">NRK Super</a>) and <a href="/wiki/TV_2_(Norway)" class="mw-redirect" title="TV 2 (Norway)">TV2</a> (with <a href="/wiki/TV_2_Filmkanalen" title="TV 2 Filmkanalen">TV 2 Filmkanalen</a>, <a href="/wiki/TV_2_Nyhetskanalen" class="mw-redirect" title="TV 2 Nyhetskanalen">TV 2 Nyhetskanalen</a>, <a href="/wiki/TV_2_Sport_(Norway)" title="TV 2 Sport (Norway)">TV 2 Sport</a>, <a href="/wiki/TV_2_Zebra" title="TV 2 Zebra">TV 2 Zebra</a> and <a href="/wiki/TV_2_Livsstil" title="TV 2 Livsstil">TV 2 Livsstil</a>). Other, long-running channels are <a href="/wiki/TVNorge" title="TVNorge">TVNorge</a> and <a href="/wiki/TV3_(Norway)" class="mw-redirect" title="TV3 (Norway)">TV3</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Radio">Radio</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Norway&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Radio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Radio_in_Norway" title="Radio in Norway">Radio in Norway</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Norwegian-language_radio_stations" title="List of Norwegian-language radio stations">List of Norwegian-language radio stations</a></div> <p>National radio is dominated by the public-service company <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Broadcasting_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation">NRK</a>, which is funded from the <a href="/wiki/Television_licence" title="Television licence">television licence fee</a> payable by the owners of television sets. NRK provides programming on three radio channels – <a href="/wiki/NRK_P1" title="NRK P1">NRK P1</a>, <a href="/wiki/NRK_P2" title="NRK P2">NRK P2</a>, and <a href="/wiki/NRK_P3" title="NRK P3">NRK P3</a> – broadcast on <a href="/wiki/FM_broadcasting" title="FM broadcasting">FM</a> and via <a href="/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting" title="Digital Audio Broadcasting">DAB</a>. A number of further specialist channels are broadcast exclusively on DAB, <a href="/wiki/DVB-T" title="DVB-T">DVB-T</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Internet_radio" title="Internet radio">the internet</a> including Radio Norway Direct Norway's new English language Radio Station. </p><p>Additionally, there are a number of commercial radio stations as well as local radio stations run by various non-profit organizations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Social_media">Social media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Norway&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Social media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">Social media</a></div> <p>As of June 2023, it is estimated that 3.4M Norwegians use <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For comparison, the total number of inhabitants is about 5,504,329 people </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Institutions">Institutions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Norway&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Institutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Institutions within organized labour are the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Union_of_Journalists" title="Norwegian Union of Journalists">Norwegian Union of Journalists</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Norwegian_Editors" title="Association of Norwegian Editors">Association of Norwegian Editors</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Media_Businesses%27_Association" title="Norwegian Media Businesses' Association">Norwegian Media Businesses' Association</a>—these are organized in the umbrella <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Press_Association" title="Norwegian Press Association">Norwegian Press Association</a>. The Press Association is responsible for <a href="/wiki/Pressens_Faglige_Utvalg" class="mw-redirect" title="Pressens Faglige Utvalg">Pressens Faglige Utvalg</a>, which oversees the <a href="/wiki/Ethical_Code_of_Practice_for_the_Norwegian_Press" title="Ethical Code of Practice for the Norwegian Press">Ethical Code of Practice for the Norwegian Press</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Kringkastingsr%C3%A5det" class="mw-redirect" title="Kringkastingsrådet">Broadcasting Council</a> oversees the state-owned Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation. The <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Media_Authority" title="Norwegian Media Authority">Norwegian Media Authority</a> contributes to the enforcement government regulations.D </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regulation">Regulation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Norway&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Regulation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Mass_media_regulation#Norway" title="Mass media regulation">Mass media regulation § Norway</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_regulation&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <p>The media systems in <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavian</a> countries are <a href="/wiki/Duopoly" title="Duopoly">twin-duopolistic</a> with powerful public service broadcasting and periodic strong government intervention. Hallin and Mancini introduced the Norwegian media system as Democratic Corporatist.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Newspapers started early and developed very well without state regulation until the 1960s. The rise of the advertising industry helped the most powerful newspapers grow increasingly, while the little publications were struggling at the bottom of the market. Because of the lack of diversity in the newspaper industry, the Norwegian Government took action, affecting the true freedom of speech. In 1969, Norwegian government started to provide press subsidies to small local newspapers.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But this method was not able to solve the problem completely. In 1997, compelled by the concern of the <a href="/wiki/Concentration_of_media_ownership" title="Concentration of media ownership">media ownership concentration</a>, Norwegian legislators passed the Media Ownership Act entrusting the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Media_Authority" title="Norwegian Media Authority">Norwegian Media Authority</a> the power to interfere the media cases when the press freedom and media plurality was threatened. The Act was amended in 2005 and 2006 and revised in 2013. </p> The basic foundation of Norwegian regulation of the media sector is to ensure <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">freedom of speech</a>, <a href="/wiki/Structural_pluralism" title="Structural pluralism">structural pluralism</a>, national language and culture and the protection of children from harmful media content.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Relative regulatory incentives includes the Media Ownership Law, the Broadcasting Act, and the Editorial Independence Act. <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Official_Report" title="Norwegian Official Report">NOU</a> 1988:36 stated that a fundamental premise of all Norwegian media regulation is that news media serves as an oppositional force to power. The condition for news media to achieve this role is the peaceful environment of diversity of editorial ownership and free speech. White Paper No.57 claimed that real content diversity can only be attained by a pluralistically owned and independent editorial media whose production is founded on the principles of journalistic professionalism. To ensure this diversity, Norwegian government regulates the framework conditions of the media and primarily focuses the regulation on pluralistic ownership.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Norway&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Communications in Norway">Communications in Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Norway" title="Culture of Norway">Culture of Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Norway" title="Internet in Norway">Internet in Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Norway" title="Open access in Norway">Open access in Norway</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Lists</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Norwegian_newspapers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Norwegian newspapers">List of Norwegian newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Norwegian_magazines" title="List of Norwegian magazines">List of Norwegian magazines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Norwegian_television_channels" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Norwegian television channels">List of Norwegian television channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Norwegian-language_radio_stations" title="List of Norwegian-language radio stations">List of Norwegian-language radio stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Norwegian_writers" title="List of Norwegian writers">List of Norwegian writers</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Norway&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/facebook-users-by-country">"Facebook Users by Country 2023"</a>. <i>worldpopulationreview.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=worldpopulationreview.com&rft.atitle=Facebook+Users+by+Country+2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldpopulationreview.com%2Fcountry-rankings%2Ffacebook-users-by-country&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Norway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHallinMancini2004" class="citation book cs1">Hallin, D.; Mancini, P. (2004). <i>Comparing Media Systems: Three Models of Media and Politics</i>. Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Comparing+Media+Systems%3A+Three+Models+of+Media+and+Politics&rft.pub=Cambridgeshire%3A+Cambridge+University+Press.&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Hallin&rft.aufirst=D.&rft.au=Mancini%2C+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Norway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://medienorge.uib.no/english/?cat=statistikk&medium=avis&queryID=193">"Medienorge"</a>. MiediaNorway<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Medienorge&rft.pub=MiediaNorway&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedienorge.uib.no%2Fenglish%2F%3Fcat%3Dstatistikk%26medium%3Davis%26queryID%3D193&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Norway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSyvertsen2004" class="citation journal cs1">Syvertsen, T. (2004). "Eierskapstilsynet – en studie av medieregulering i praksis [Ownership oversight: A study of media regulation in practice]".</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Eierskapstilsynet+%E2%80%93+en+studie+av+medieregulering+i+praksis+%5BOwnership+oversight%3A+A+study+of+media+regulation+in+practice%5D&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Syvertsen&rft.aufirst=T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Norway" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrumsvik2011" class="citation journal cs1">Krumsvik, Arne (2011). "Medienes privilegier – en innføring i mediepolitikk [Media Privileges: An Introduction to Media Politics]".</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Medienes+privilegier+%E2%80%93+en+innf%C3%B8ring+i+mediepolitikk+%5BMedia+Privileges%3A+An+Introduction+to+Media+Politics%5D&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Krumsvik&rft.aufirst=Arne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Norway" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Norway&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="in_English">in English</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Norway&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: in English"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Norway: Press". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gP_-8rXzQs8C"><i>Europa World Year Book</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Europa_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="Europa Publications">Europa Publications</a>. 2004. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85743-255-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85743-255-8"><bdi>978-1-85743-255-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Norway%3A+Press&rft.btitle=Europa+World+Year+Book&rft.pub=Europa+Publications&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-85743-255-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgP_-8rXzQs8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Norway" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEuromedia_Research_GroupMary_Kelly2004" class="citation book cs1">Euromedia Research Group; Mary Kelly; et al., eds. (2004). "Norway". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_KRfXsBUBeAC"><i>Media in Europe</i></a> (3rd ed.). <a href="/wiki/SAGE_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="SAGE Publications">SAGE Publications</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7619-4132-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7619-4132-3"><bdi>978-0-7619-4132-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Norway&rft.btitle=Media+in+Europe&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7619-4132-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_KRfXsBUBeAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Norway" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGina_Dahl2011" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gina_Dahl" class="extiw" title="no:Gina Dahl">Gina Dahl</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in Norwegian]</span> (2011). <i>Books in Early Modern Norway</i>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004207202" title="Special:BookSources/9789004207202"><bdi>9789004207202</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Books+in+Early+Modern+Norway&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9789004207202&rft.au=Gina+Dahl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Norway" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="in_Norwegian">in Norwegian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Norway&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: in Norwegian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Encyclopedias</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenriksen,_Petter2007" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Henriksen, Petter, ed. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.snl.no/Norge/massemedier">"Norge – massemedier"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Store_norske_leksikon" class="mw-redirect" title="Store norske leksikon">Store norske leksikon</a></i> (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Norge+%E2%80%93+massemedier&rft.btitle=Store+norske+leksikon&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pub=Kunnskapsforlaget&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.snl.no%2FNorge%2Fmassemedier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Norway" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <dl><dt>Books</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFØstbye1984" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Østbye, Helge (1984). <i>Massemediene</i> (in Norwegian). Oslo: Tiden. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/82-10-02375-6" title="Special:BookSources/82-10-02375-6"><bdi>82-10-02375-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Massemediene&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pub=Tiden&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=82-10-02375-6&rft.aulast=%C3%98stbye&rft.aufirst=Helge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Norway" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEide1995" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Eide, Martin (1995). <i>Blod, sverte og gledestårer. VG, Verdens Gang 1945-95</i> (in Norwegian). Oslo: Schibsted. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/82-516-1557-7" title="Special:BookSources/82-516-1557-7"><bdi>82-516-1557-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blod%2C+sverte+og+gledest%C3%A5rer.+VG%2C+Verdens+Gang+1945-95&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pub=Schibsted&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=82-516-1557-7&rft.aulast=Eide&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Norway" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOttosen1996" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ottosen, Rune (1996). <i>Fra fjærpenn til Internett. Journalister i organisasjon og samfunn</i> (in Norwegian). Oslo: Aschehoug. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/82-03-26128-0" title="Special:BookSources/82-03-26128-0"><bdi>82-03-26128-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fra+fj%C3%A6rpenn+til+Internett.+Journalister+i+organisasjon+og+samfunn&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pub=Aschehoug&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=82-03-26128-0&rft.aulast=Ottosen&rft.aufirst=Rune&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Norway" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllern1997" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Sigurd_Allern" title="Sigurd Allern">Allern, Sigurd</a> (1997). <i>Når kildene byr opp til dans. Søkelys på PR-byråene og journalistikken</i> (in Norwegian). Oslo: Pax. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/82-530-1868-1" title="Special:BookSources/82-530-1868-1"><bdi>82-530-1868-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=N%C3%A5r+kildene+byr+opp+til+dans.+S%C3%B8kelys+p%C3%A5+PR-byr%C3%A5ene+og+journalistikken&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pub=Pax&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=82-530-1868-1&rft.aulast=Allern&rft.aufirst=Sigurd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Norway" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDahl1999" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Hans_Fredrik_Dahl" title="Hans Fredrik Dahl">Dahl, Hans Fredrik</a> (1999). <i>Hallo - hallo! Kringkastingen i Norge 1920-1940</i> (in Norwegian) (2nd ed.). Oslo: Cappelen. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/82-02-18478-9" title="Special:BookSources/82-02-18478-9"><bdi>82-02-18478-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hallo+-+hallo%21+Kringkastingen+i+Norge+1920-1940&rft.place=Oslo&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Cappelen&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=82-02-18478-9&rft.aulast=Dahl&rft.aufirst=Hans+Fredrik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Norway" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDahl1999" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Hans_Fredrik_Dahl" title="Hans Fredrik Dahl">Dahl, Hans Fredrik</a> (1999). <i>"Dette er London". NRK i krig 1940-1945</i> (in Norwegian) (2nd ed.). Oslo: Cappelen. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/82-02-18577-7" title="Special:BookSources/82-02-18577-7"><bdi>82-02-18577-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Dette+er+London%22.+NRK+i+krig+1940-1945&rft.place=Oslo&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Cappelen&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=82-02-18577-7&rft.aulast=Dahl&rft.aufirst=Hans+Fredrik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Norway" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDahlBastiansen._Henrik_G.1999" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Hans_Fredrik_Dahl" title="Hans Fredrik Dahl">Dahl, Hans Fredrik</a>; Bastiansen. Henrik G. (1999). <i>Over til Oslo. NRK som monopol 1945-1981</i> (in Norwegian). Oslo: Cappelen. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/82-02-17644-1" title="Special:BookSources/82-02-17644-1"><bdi>82-02-17644-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Over+til+Oslo.+NRK+som+monopol+1945-1981&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pub=Cappelen&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=82-02-17644-1&rft.aulast=Dahl&rft.aufirst=Hans+Fredrik&rft.au=Bastiansen.+Henrik+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Norway" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEide2000" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Eide, Martin (2000). <i>Den redigerende makt. Redaktørrollens norske historie</i> (in Norwegian). Kristiansand: IJ-forlaget. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/82-7147-205-4" title="Special:BookSources/82-7147-205-4"><bdi>82-7147-205-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Den+redigerende+makt.+Redakt%C3%B8rrollens+norske+historie&rft.place=Kristiansand&rft.pub=IJ-forlaget&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=82-7147-205-4&rft.aulast=Eide&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Norway" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllern2001" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Sigurd_Allern" title="Sigurd Allern">Allern, Sigurd</a> (2001). <i>Flokkdyr på Løvebakken. Søkelys på Stortingets presselosje og politikkens medierammer</i> (in Norwegian). Oslo: Pax. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/82-530-2316-2" title="Special:BookSources/82-530-2316-2"><bdi>82-530-2316-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flokkdyr+p%C3%A5+L%C3%B8vebakken.+S%C3%B8kelys+p%C3%A5+Stortingets+presselosje+og+politikkens+medierammer&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pub=Pax&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=82-530-2316-2&rft.aulast=Allern&rft.aufirst=Sigurd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Norway" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllern2001" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Sigurd_Allern" title="Sigurd Allern">Allern, Sigurd</a> (2001). <i>Nyhetsverdier. Om markedsorientering og journalistikk i ti norske aviser</i> (in Norwegian). Kristiansand: IJ-forlaget. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/82-7147-210-0" title="Special:BookSources/82-7147-210-0"><bdi>82-7147-210-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nyhetsverdier.+Om+markedsorientering+og+journalistikk+i+ti+norske+aviser&rft.place=Kristiansand&rft.pub=IJ-forlaget&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=82-7147-210-0&rft.aulast=Allern&rft.aufirst=Sigurd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Norway" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOttosenRøssland,_Lars_ArveØstbye,_Helge2002" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ottosen, Rune; Røssland, Lars Arve; Østbye, Helge (2002). <i>Norsk pressehistorie</i> (in Norwegian). Oslo: Samlaget. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/82-521-5750-5" title="Special:BookSources/82-521-5750-5"><bdi>82-521-5750-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Norsk+pressehistorie&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pub=Samlaget&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=82-521-5750-5&rft.aulast=Ottosen&rft.aufirst=Rune&rft.au=R%C3%B8ssland%2C+Lars+Arve&rft.au=%C3%98stbye%2C+Helge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Norway" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEideSimonsen,_Anne_Hege2008" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Eide, Elisabeth; Simonsen, Anne Hege (2008). <i>Verden skapes hjemmefra. Pressedekningen av den ikke-vestlige verden 1902-2002</i> (in Norwegian). Oslo: Unipub. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-82-7477-288-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-82-7477-288-5"><bdi>978-82-7477-288-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Verden+skapes+hjemmefra.+Pressedekningen+av+den+ikke-vestlige+verden+1902-2002&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pub=Unipub&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-82-7477-288-5&rft.aulast=Eide&rft.aufirst=Elisabeth&rft.au=Simonsen%2C+Anne+Hege&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Norway" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBastiansenDahl,_Hans_Fredrik2008" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Henrik_G._Bastiansen" title="Henrik G. Bastiansen">Bastiansen, Henrik</a>; <a href="/wiki/Hans_Fredrik_Dahl" title="Hans Fredrik Dahl">Dahl, Hans Fredrik</a> (2008). <i>Norsk mediehistorie</i> (in Norwegian) (2nd ed.). Oslo: Universitetsforlaget. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-82-15-01353-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-82-15-01353-4"><bdi>978-82-15-01353-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Norsk+mediehistorie&rft.place=Oslo&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Universitetsforlaget&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-82-15-01353-4&rft.aulast=Bastiansen&rft.aufirst=Henrik&rft.au=Dahl%2C+Hans+Fredrik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Norway" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Norway&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medialandscapes.org/country/norway">"Media Landscapes: Norway"</a>, <i>Medialandscapes.org</i>, Netherlands: <a href="/wiki/European_Journalism_Centre" title="European Journalism Centre">European Journalism Centre</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medialandscapes.org&rft.atitle=Media+Landscapes%3A+Norway&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedialandscapes.org%2Fcountry%2Fnorway&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Norway" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Norway_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Norway_topics" title="Template:Norway topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Norway_topics" title="Template talk:Norway topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Norway_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Norway topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Norway_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Norway" title="History of Norway">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Stone_Age" title="Nordic Stone Age">Stone Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Bronze_Age" title="Nordic Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petty_kingdoms_of_Norway" title="Petty kingdoms of Norway">Petty kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_Age" title="Viking Age">Viking Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Norway" title="Unification of Norway">Unification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Norway#Norway_in_the_High_Middle_Ages_(1066–1380)" title="History of Norway">High Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Norway_(872%E2%80%931397)" title="Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)">Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hereditary_Kingdom_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Hereditary Kingdom of Norway">Hereditary Kingdom of Norway</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalmar_Union" title="Kalmar Union">Kalmar Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Norway" title="Denmark–Norway">Denmark–Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Norway_(1814)" title="Kingdom of Norway (1814)">Kingdom of Norway (1814)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_between_Sweden_and_Norway" title="Union between Sweden and Norway">Sweden–Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_union_between_Norway_and_Sweden" title="Dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden">End of the union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Norway" title="German occupation of Norway">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Norwegen" title="Reichskommissariat Norwegen">Reichskommissariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quisling_regime" title="Quisling regime">Quisling regime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_government-in-exile" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian government-in-exile">Norwegian government-in-exile</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Norway#Postwar" title="History of Norway">1945–2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Norway#21st_century" title="History of Norway">21st century</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Norway" title="Coat of arms of Norway"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg/160px-Coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="909" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Norway" title="Geography of Norway">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Norway#Climate" title="Geography of Norway">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Norway" title="Districts of Norway">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Norway" title="Extreme points of Norway">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Norway" title="List of islands of Norway">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Norway" title="List of lakes of Norway">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Norway" title="List of mammals of Norway">Mammals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Norway_by_height" title="List of mountains in Norway by height">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_of_Norway" title="List of municipalities of Norway">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_and_cities_in_Norway" title="List of towns and cities in Norway">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Norway" title="Protected areas of Norway">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Norway" title="List of rivers of Norway">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Norway" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Norway">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Norway" title="Politics of Norway">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Norway" title="Administrative divisions of Norway">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_budget_of_Norway" title="State budget of Norway">National budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Norway" title="Constitution of Norway">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Correctional_Service" title="Norwegian Correctional Service">Correctional Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courts_of_justice_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Courts of justice of Norway">Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Norway" title="Elections in Norway">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Norway" title="Foreign relations of Norway">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Norwegian_governments" title="List of Norwegian governments">Governments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incarceration_in_Norway" title="Incarceration in Norway">Incarceration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Norway">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Armed_Forces" title="Norwegian Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Norway" title="Monarchy of Norway">Monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storting" title="Storting">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Police_Service" title="Norwegian Police Service">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Norway" title="List of political parties in Norway">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Norway" title="Prime Minister of Norway">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Norway_ties" title="Template:Norway ties">Membership of International organizations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Norway" title="Economy of Norway">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Norway" title="Energy in Norway">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fishing_in_Norway" title="Category:Fishing in Norway">Fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Pension_Fund_of_Norway" title="Government Pension Fund of Norway">Government Pension Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Industry_in_Norway" title="Category:Industry in Norway">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mining_in_Norway" title="Category:Mining in Norway">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Natural_gas_industry_in_Norway" title="Category:Natural gas industry in Norway">Natural gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_krone" title="Norwegian krone">Krone <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norges_Bank" title="Norges Bank">National bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_model" title="Nordic model">Nordic model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_paradox" title="Norwegian paradox">Norwegian paradox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Oil_fields_in_Norway" title="Category:Oil fields in Norway">Oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Norway" title="Renewable energy in Norway">Renewable energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oslo_Stock_Exchange" title="Oslo Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Norway" title="Taxation in Norway">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Norway" title="Telecommunications in Norway">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Norway" title="Tourism in Norway">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Norway" title="Trade unions in Norway">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Norway" title="Transport in Norway">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whaling_in_Norway" title="Whaling in Norway">Whaling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Norway" title="Category:Society of Norway">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Norway" title="Climate change in Norway">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Norway" title="Crime in Norway">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Norway" title="Demographics of Norway">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Norway" title="Education in Norway">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Norway" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Norway">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Norway" title="Health in Norway">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Norway" title="Immigration to Norway">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incarceration_in_Norway" title="Incarceration in Norway">Incarceration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Norway" title="Irreligion in Norway">Irreligion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Norway" title="Languages of Norway">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language_conflict" title="Norwegian language conflict">language conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegians" title="Norwegians">Norwegians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pensions_in_Norway" title="Pensions in Norway">Pensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Norway" title="Poverty in Norway">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Norway" title="Religion in Norway">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Women in Norway">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Norway" title="Culture of Norway">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Norway" title="Architecture of Norway">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_art" title="Norwegian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunad" title="Bunad"><i>Bunad</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(clothing)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Norway" title="Christmas in Norway"><i>Christmas</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(season)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Norway" title="Cinema of Norway">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_cuisine" title="Norwegian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Jante" title="Law of Jante">Jante law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Norway" title="Music of Norway">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_literature" title="Norwegian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Norway">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Norway" title="Prostitution in Norway">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Norway" title="Public holidays in Norway">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sport_in_Norway" title="Category:Sport in Norway">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_nationalism" title="Norwegian nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_romantic_nationalism" title="Norwegian romantic nationalism">Romantic nationalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ja,_vi_elsker_dette_landet" title="Ja, vi elsker dette landet">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Norway" title="Coat of arms of Norway">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Norwegian_flags" title="List of Norwegian flags">Flags</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Norway" title="Flag of Norway">national flag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mottos_of_Norwegian_institutions" title="Mottos of Norwegian institutions">Mottos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of Norway">Name of Norway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Norway" title="Outline of Norway">Outline</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Norway" title="Category:Norway">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Norway" title="Portal:Norway">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Media_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Europe_topic" title="Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Europe_topic" title="Template talk:Europe topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Europe_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Media_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Media of Europe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Andorra" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Estonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Iceland" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Liechtenstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_North_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_San_Marino" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Slovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Abkhazia" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Northern_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Media_of_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Media of South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Transnistria" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Media_of_%C3%85land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Media of Åland (page does not exist)">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_the_Faroe_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Media_of_Gibraltar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Media of Gibraltar (page does not exist)">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Media_of_Guernsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Media of Guernsey (page does not exist)">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Media_of_the_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Media of the Isle of Man (page does not exist)">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Media_of_Svalbard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Media of Svalbard (page does not exist)">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" 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