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Malgré son origine modeste, Mikhaïl Alexeïev réussit, grâce à un travail acharné, à accéder au sommet de la hiérarchie militaire russe. Professeur à l'École supérieure de guerre , il est le maître de plusieurs promotions de futurs..." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/mikhail-vassilievitch-alexeiev/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="fr_FR" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Encyclopædia Universalis" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.universalis.fr/_web/static/icons/favicon.png" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="256" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="252" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Biographie de MIKHAÏL VASSILIEVITCH ALEXEÏEV (1857-1918)" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Biographie de MIKHAÏL VASSILIEVITCH ALEXEÏEV (1857-1918). Malgré son origine modeste, Mikhaïl Alexeïev réussit, grâce à un travail acharné, à accéder au sommet de la hiérarchie militaire russe. Professeur à l'École supérieure de guerre , il est le maître de plusieurs promotions de futurs..." /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@universalisfr" /> <meta name="location" content="France" /> <meta name="rating" content="General" /> <meta name="distribution" content="Global" /> <meta name="resource-type" content="document" /> <meta name="copyright" content="© Copyright 2024 - Universalis" /> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="Universalis" /> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes" /> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="default" /> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no,date=no,address=no,email=no,url=no" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/_shared/pub/pub.css?1737972863" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/_web/assets/css/home.css?1737986363" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/_web/assets/css/classification.css?1737986363" media="all"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/mikhail-vassilievitch-alexeiev/" /> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Biographie de MIKHA\u00cfL VASSILIEVITCH ALEXE\u00cfEV (1857-1918)","headline":"Biographie de MIKHA\u00cfL VASSILIEVITCH ALEXE\u00cfEV (1857-1918)","description":"Biographie de MIKHA\u00cfL VASSILIEVITCH ALEXE\u00cfEV (1857-1918). Malgr\u00e9 son origine modeste, Mikha\u00efl Alexe\u00efev r\u00e9ussit, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un travail acharn\u00e9, \u00e0 acc\u00e9der au sommet de la hi\u00e9rarchie militaire russe. Professeur \u00e0 l'\u00c9cole sup\u00e9rieure de guerre , il est le ma\u00eetre de plusieurs promotions de futurs chefs militaires.. \u00c0 l'ouverture des hostilit\u00e9s, il est chef d'\u00e9tat-major du front de l'Ouest, puis devient commandant en chef du front du Nord-Ouest, avant d'\u00eatre appel\u00e9 par Nicolas II au poste de chef d'\u00e9tat-major des arm\u00e9es lors de la prise du commandement par le tsar en \u00e9t\u00e9 1915. 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<div class="user-welcome"></div> <div class="login-form-wrapper-mobile"> <div class="login-form"> <div class="btn btn-sm btn-primary keep-label-space-top"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-user"></i> Mon Compte </div> </div> </div> <div class="d-lg-none text-center mb-3"> <a href="/abonnement" title="Je m'abonne" data-matomo-category="CTA" data-matomo-name="Clic" data-matomo-value="Top (mobile)"> <img src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/1/6/csm_banner-cta_534716667b.webp" width="728" height="90" alt="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro" class="img-max shadow-sm"/> </a> </div> <div class="row"> <div id="main-content" class="col-lg-8 col-xl-9 pb-4"> <h1 class="mb-1"> <strong>ALEXEÏEV </strong><span class="pc">MIKHAÏL VASSILIEVITCH </span><span class="label-sub"> (1857-1918)</span> </h1> <ul class="pagination justify-content-center public-links "><li class="page-item active"><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 1" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">3</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 4" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">4</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 5" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">5</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 6" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">6</a></li></ul><p class="text-sm text-muted mb-1">Article modifié le <time datetime="2025-01-29"> 29/01/2025 </time></p><div class="content whole type-biographie" ><div class="block_1" data-ucode="yT318008_0"><i class="anchor" id="yT318008_0"></i><p> Malgré son origine modeste, Mikhaïl Alexeïev réussit, grâce à un travail acharné, à accéder au sommet de la hiérarchie militaire russe. Professeur à l'École supérieure de <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Les groupes humains, quelle que soit leur taille, se reconnaissent comme tels et affirment leur unité en se distinguant d'autres groupes. Il y a entre eux à la fois des affinités et des oppositions qui affectent leurs relations, dans la mesure où celles-ci ont une réalité, c'est-à-dire lorsque la proximité dans l'espace ou les moyens de communication les amènent à se poser les uns par ra..." title="Article : GUERRE" href="/encyclopedie/guerre/">guerre</a>, il est le maître de plusieurs promotions de futurs chefs militaires.</p><p>À l'ouverture des hostilités, il est chef d'état-major du front de l'Ouest, puis devient commandant en chef du front du Nord-Ouest, avant d'être appelé par Nicolas II au poste de chef d'état-major des armées lors de la prise du commandement par le tsar en été 1915. C'est lui qui, de fait, prépara tous les plans d'opérations, dont celui de l'offensive en Galicie et de l'attaque définitive qui devait, selon lui, mettre fin à la guerre au mois d'avril 1917.</p><p>Le général Alexeïev, malade et en convalescence, ne prit pas une part active aux événements qui précédèrent la révolution. Bien qu'hostile à la déchéance des Romanov, il est maintenu dans ses fonctions par le gouvernement provisoire qui entend se servir de sa popularité auprès de la troupe. Mais le cours des événements l'inquiète et il exige le retour à la discipline dans l'armée. Relevé de son commandement en mai, il rompt avec le gouvernement révolutionnaire.</p><p>Dès qu'il arrive à Rostov-sur-le-Don, il jette les bases de la future armée de volontaires, destinée à combattre le pouvoir soviétique, dont il remettra le commandement au général Kornilov. Son appel vibrant de décembre 1917 aux officiers n'est entendu que par une partie minime d'entre eux : deux mille seulement y répondent sur un contingent de près de deux cent mille gradés de l'ancienne armée russe.</p><div class="clearfix"></div><p class="author"> — Pierre KOVALEWSKY</p><div class="clearfix"></div></div><div class="clearfix"></div></div><ul class="pagination justify-content-center public-links "><li class="page-item active"><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 1" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" 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class="d-inline-flex flex-row justify-content-center align-items-center btn btn-light btn-large text-start" title="Carte mentale : ALEXEÏEV MIKHAÏL VASSILIEVITCH (1857-1918)" href="/carte-mentale/mikhail-vassilievitch-alexeiev/"><i class="fa fa-sitemap fa-rotate-270 me-1 fs-1 text-universalis"></i><p class="m-0"><strong class="fs-4">Carte mentale</strong><br /> Élargissez votre recherche dans Universalis </p></a></div></section> <section class="mb-5 article-classification" data-print-label="la classification" data-print-target=".article-classification"> <i class="anchor" id="yT318008_ROOT_LINES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Classification</p> <nav aria-label="Classification 1"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Histoire" href="/classification/histoire/"> Histoire </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Personnages historiques" href="/classification/histoire/personnages-historiques/"> Personnages historiques </a> 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russes"> <a title="Classification : Révolutions russes" href="/classification/histoire/histoire-chronologie/histoire-xxe-s-et-xxie-s/revolutions-russes/"> Révolutions russes </a> </li> </ol> </nav> <nav aria-label="Classification 3"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Histoire" href="/classification/histoire/"> Histoire </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Histoire : chronologie" href="/classification/histoire/histoire-chronologie/"> Histoire : chronologie </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Histoire, xxe s. et xxie s." href="/classification/histoire/histoire-chronologie/histoire-xxe-s-et-xxie-s/"> Histoire, <span class="pc">xx</span><sup>e</sup> s. et <span class="pc">xxi</span><sup>e</sup> s. </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" data-dc-subject="Première Guerre mondiale"> <a title="Classification : Première Guerre mondiale" href="/classification/histoire/histoire-chronologie/histoire-xxe-s-et-xxie-s/premiere-guerre-mondiale/"> Première Guerre mondiale </a> </li> </ol> </nav> <nav aria-label="Classification 4"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Histoire" href="/classification/histoire/"> Histoire </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Histoire par régions et pays" href="/classification/histoire/histoire-par-regions-et-pays/"> Histoire par régions et pays </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Histoire de l'Europe centrale et orientale" href="/classification/histoire/histoire-par-regions-et-pays/histoire-de-l-europe-centrale-et-orientale/"> Histoire de l'Europe centrale et orientale </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" data-dc-subject="Russie, histoire"> <a title="Classification : Russie, histoire" href="/classification/histoire/histoire-par-regions-et-pays/histoire-de-l-europe-centrale-et-orientale/russie-histoire/"> Russie, histoire </a> </li> </ol> </nav> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none learn-more"> <i class="anchor" id="yT318008_REFERENCES"></i> <ul class="list-group"> </ul> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none article-indexes learn-more"> <i class="anchor" id="yT318008_INDEXES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Voir aussi</p> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet"> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : CONTRE-RÉVOLUTION RUSSE" href="/index/contre-revolution-russe/"> <span class="rg">CONTRE-RÉVOLUTION RUSSE</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : RUSSIE, histoire, de 1801 à 1917" href="/index/russie-histoire-de-1801-a-1917/"> <span class="rg">RUSSIE, </span><em class="it">histoire, de 1801 à 1917</em> </a> </li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="col-lg-4 col-xl-3 px-0 d-none d-lg-block side-bar 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