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</a> <ul id="toc-Religious_themes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Differences_between_editions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Differences_between_editions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Differences between editions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Differences_between_editions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adaptations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adaptations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Adaptations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Adaptations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Adaptations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Adaptations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theatre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theatre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Theatre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theatre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Film</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 50 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%AF_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%AE%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B3" title="الأسد والساحرة وخزانة الملابس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الأسد والساحرة وخزانة الملابس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eir,_cadug%C9%99r_v%C9%99_paltar_%C5%9Fkaf%C4%B1" title="Şir, cadugər və paltar şkafı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şir, cadugər və paltar şkafı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8,_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9A_%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AC" title="দ্য লায়ন, দ্য উইচ অ্যান্ড দ্য ওয়াড্রোব – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দ্য লায়ন, দ্য উইচ অ্যান্ড দ্য ওয়াড্রোব" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%9E,_%D0%92%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%96_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1" title="Леў, Вядзьмарка і Гардэроб – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Леў, Вядзьмарка і Гардэроб" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%9E,_%D0%92%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%96_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0" title="Леў, Вядзьмарка і Адзежная шафа – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Леў, Вядзьмарка і Адзежная шафа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8A%D0%B2%D1%8A%D1%82,_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%82" title="Лъвът, Вещицата и дрешникът – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лъвът, Вещицата и дрешникът" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lav,_vje%C5%A1tica_i_ormar" title="Lav, vještica i ormar – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Lav, vještica i ormar" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_lle%C3%B3,_la_bruixa_i_l%27armari" title="El lleó, la bruixa i l'armari – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="El lleó, la bruixa i l'armari" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev,_%C4%8Darod%C4%9Bjnice_a_sk%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%88" title="Lev, čarodějnice a skříň – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lev, čarodějnice a skříň" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lion,_the_Witch_and_the_Wardrobe" title="The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B8ven,_heksen_og_garderobeskabet" title="Løven, heksen og garderobeskabet – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Løven, heksen og garderobeskabet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_K%C3%B6nig_von_Narnia" title="Der König von Narnia – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Der König von Narnia" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B5vi,_n%C3%B5id_ja_riidekapp" title="Lõvi, nõid ja riidekapp – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lõvi, nõid ja riidekapp" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B1_%CF%87%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9D%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B1:_%CE%A4%CE%BF_%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B9,_%CE%B7_%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%B3%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CE%B7_%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%AC%CF%80%CE%B1" title="Τα χρονικά της Νάρνια: Το λιοντάρι, η μάγισσα και η ντουλάπα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τα χρονικά της Νάρνια: Το λιοντάρι, η μάγισσα και η ντουλάπα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lion,_the_Witch_and_the_Wardrobe" title="The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Leono,_la_Sor%C4%89istino_kaj_la_%C5%9Cranko" title="La Leono, la Sorĉistino kaj la Ŝranko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="La Leono, la Sorĉistino kaj la Ŝranko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%8C_%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%AF_%D9%88_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="شیر، کمد و جادوگر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شیر، کمد و جادوگر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Lion,_la_Sorci%C3%A8re_blanche_et_l%27Armoire_magique" title="Le Lion, la Sorcière blanche et l'Armoire magique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Le Lion, la Sorcière blanche et l'Armoire magique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Leon,_An_Bandraoi_agus_an_Prios_%C3%89adaigh" title="An Leon, An Bandraoi agus an Prios Éadaigh – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Leon, An Bandraoi agus an Prios Éadaigh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%9E%90,_%EB%A7%88%EB%85%80,_%EA%B7%B8%EB%A6%AC%EA%B3%A0_%EC%98%B7%EC%9E%A5" title="사자, 마녀, 그리고 옷장 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사자, 마녀, 그리고 옷장" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BC%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AE%D5%A8,_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A8_%D6%87_%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A8" title="Առյուծը, կախարդը և պահարանը – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Առյուծը, կախարդը և պահարանը" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lav,_vje%C5%A1tica_i_ormar" title="Lav, vještica i ormar – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Lav, vještica i ormar" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sang_Singa,_Sang_Penyihir_dan_Lemari" title="Sang Singa, Sang Penyihir dan Lemari – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sang Singa, Sang Penyihir dan Lemari" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Il_leone,_la_strega_e_l%27armadio" title="Il leone, la strega e l'armadio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Il leone, la strega e l'armadio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94,_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%94_%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%92%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9D" title="האריה, המכשפה וארון הבגדים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האריה, המכשפה וארון הבגדים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98,_%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90_%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ლომი, კუდიანი და გარდერობი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლომი, კუდიანი და გარდერობი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lion,_the_Witch_and_the_Wardrobe" title="The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Az_oroszl%C3%A1n,_a_boszork%C3%A1ny_%C3%A9s_a_ruh%C3%A1sszekr%C3%A9ny" title="Az oroszlán, a boszorkány és a ruhásszekrény – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Az oroszlán, a boszorkány és a ruhásszekrény" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A6_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BA,_%E0%B4%A6_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%A6_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D_(%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BD)" title="ദ ലയൺ, ദ വിച്ച് ആന്റ് ദ വാർഡ്രോബ് (നോവൽ) – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ദ ലയൺ, ദ വിച്ച് ആന്റ് ദ വാർഡ്രോബ് (നോവൽ)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%8C_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1_%D9%88_%D8%A7%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%81" title="شیر، جادوگر و اشکاف – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="شیر، جادوگر و اشکاف" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lion,_the_Witch_and_the_Wardrobe" title="The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Kronieken_van_Narnia:_Het_betoverde_land_achter_de_kleerkast" title="De Kronieken van Narnia: Het betoverde land achter de kleerkast – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="De Kronieken van Narnia: Het betoverde land achter de kleerkast" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%81%A8%E9%AD%94%E5%A5%B3" title="ライオンと魔女 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ライオンと魔女" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B8ven,_heksa_og_klesskapet" title="Løven, heksa og klesskapet – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Løven, heksa og klesskapet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arslon,_jodugar_va_javon" title="Arslon, jodugar va javon – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Arslon, jodugar va javon" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lew,_czarownica_i_stara_szafa" title="Lew, czarownica i stara szafa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lew, czarownica i stara szafa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_Le%C3%A3o,_a_Feiticeira_e_o_Guarda-Roupa" title="O Leão, a Feiticeira e o Guarda-Roupa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="O Leão, a Feiticeira e o Guarda-Roupa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liyun,_layqa_warmi,_p%27acha_waqaychana_ima" title="Liyun, layqa warmi, p'acha waqaychana ima – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Liyun, layqa warmi, p'acha waqaychana ima" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2,_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%84" title="Лев, колдунья и платяной шкаф – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лев, колдунья и платяной шкаф" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lion,_the_Witch,_and_the_Wardrobe" title="The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev,_%C5%A1atn%C3%ADk_a_%C4%8Darodejnica" title="Lev, šatník a čarodejnica – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Lev, šatník a čarodejnica" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B2,_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Лав, вештица и орман – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Лав, вештица и орман" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lion,_the_Witch_and_the_Wardrobe" title="The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velho_ja_leijona" title="Velho ja leijona – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Velho ja leijona" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A4xan_och_lejonet" title="Häxan och lejonet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Häxan och lejonet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87" title="ตู้พิศวง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ตู้พิศวง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aslan,_Cad%C4%B1_ve_Dolap" title="Aslan, Cadı ve Dolap – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Aslan, Cadı ve Dolap" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2,_%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0" title="Лев, Біла Відьма та шафа – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лев, Біла Відьма та шафа" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8D%85%E5%AD%90%C2%B7%E5%A5%B3%E5%B7%AB%C2%B7%E9%AD%94%E8%A1%A3%E6%AB%A5" title="獅子·女巫·魔衣櫥 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="獅子·女巫·魔衣櫥" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8D%85%E5%AD%90%C2%B7%E5%A5%B3%E5%B7%AB%C2%B7%E9%AD%94%E8%A1%A3%E6%AB%A5" title="獅子·女巫·魔衣櫥 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="獅子·女巫·魔衣櫥" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1950 children's novel by C. S. Lewis</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the film adaptation of the novel, see <a href="/wiki/The_Chronicles_of_Narnia:_The_Lion,_the_Witch_and_the_Wardrobe" title="The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe">The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe</a>. For other uses (disambiguation), see <a href="/wiki/The_Lion,_the_Witch_and_the_Wardrobe_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (disambiguation)">The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%; font-style:italic; padding-bottom:0.2em;">The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe&rft.author=%5B%5BC.+S.+Lewis%5D%5D&rft.date=16+October+1950&rft.pub=%5B%5BGeoffrey+Bles%5D%5D&rft.place=United+Kingdom&rft.pages=172+pp+%28first+edition%29&rft.series=%27%27%5B%5BThe+Chronicles+of+Narnia%5D%5D%27%27&rft_id=info:oclcnum/7207376"></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:TheLionWitchWardrobe(1stEd).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/86/TheLionWitchWardrobe%281stEd%29.jpg/220px-TheLionWitchWardrobe%281stEd%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/86/TheLionWitchWardrobe%281stEd%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="380" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">First edition dustjacket</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Author</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/C._S._Lewis" title="C. S. Lewis">C. S. Lewis</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Illustrator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Baynes" title="Pauline Baynes">Pauline Baynes</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cover artist</th><td class="infobox-data">Pauline Baynes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Series</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Chronicles_of_Narnia" title="The Chronicles of Narnia">The Chronicles of Narnia</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_literature" title="Children's literature">Children's</a> <a href="/wiki/Fantasy" title="Fantasy">fantasy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_literature" title="Christian literature">Christian literature</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Set in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Narnia_(world)" title="Narnia (world)">Narnia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publisher</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Bles" title="Geoffrey Bles">Geoffrey Bles</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Publication date</div></th><td class="infobox-data">16 October 1950</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publication place</th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Media type</th><td class="infobox-data">Print (<a href="/wiki/Hardcover" title="Hardcover">hardcover</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paperback" title="Paperback">paperback</a>), <a href="/wiki/E-book" class="mw-redirect" title="E-book">e-book</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pages</th><td class="infobox-data">172 pp (first edition)<sup id="cite_ref-isfdb_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isfdb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)"><abbr title="Online Computer Library Center number">OCLC</abbr></a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/7207376">7207376</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/LCC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCC (identifier)"><abbr title="Library of Congress Classification">LC Class</abbr></a></th><td class="infobox-data">PZ8.L48 Li<sup id="cite_ref-LCC_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LCC-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Followed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Prince_Caspian" title="Prince Caspian">Prince Caspian</a> </i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Text</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fadedpage.com/showbook.php?pid=201410B2">The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe</a></i> online</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe</b></i> is a <a href="/wiki/Portal_fantasy" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal fantasy">portal fantasy</a> novel for children by <a href="/wiki/C._S._Lewis" title="C. S. Lewis">C. S. Lewis</a>, published by <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Bles" title="Geoffrey Bles">Geoffrey Bles</a> in 1950. It is the first published and best known of seven novels in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Chronicles_of_Narnia" title="The Chronicles of Narnia">The Chronicles of Narnia</a></i> (1950–1956). Among all the author's books, it is also the most widely held in libraries.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the first of <i>The Chronicles of Narnia</i> to be written and published, but is marked as volume two in recent editions that are sequenced according the stories' internal chronology. Like the other <i>Chronicles</i>, it was illustrated by <a href="/wiki/Pauline_Baynes" title="Pauline Baynes">Pauline Baynes</a>, and her work has been retained in many later editions.<sup id="cite_ref-isfdb_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isfdb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LCC_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LCC-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most of the novel is set in <a href="/wiki/Narnia_(world)" title="Narnia (world)">Narnia</a>, a land of <a href="/wiki/Talking_animals_in_fiction" title="Talking animals in fiction">talking animals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mythical_creatures" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythical creatures">mythical creatures</a> that is ruled by the evil <a href="/wiki/White_Witch" title="White Witch">White Witch</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Frame_story" title="Frame story">frame story</a>, four English children are relocated to a large, old country house following a <a href="/wiki/Evacuations_of_civilians_in_Britain_during_World_War_II" title="Evacuations of civilians in Britain during World War II">wartime evacuation</a>. The youngest, Lucy, visits Narnia three times via the magic of a <a href="/wiki/Wardrobe" title="Wardrobe">wardrobe</a> in a spare room. Lucy's three siblings are with her on her third visit to Narnia. In Narnia, the siblings seem fit to fulfil an old prophecy and find themselves adventuring to save Narnia and their own lives. The lion Aslan gives his life to save one of the children; he later rises from the dead, vanquishes the White Witch, and crowns the children Kings and Queens of Narnia. </p><p>Lewis wrote the book for (and dedicated it to) his goddaughter, <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Barfield" title="Lucy Barfield">Lucy Barfield</a>. She was the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Owen_Barfield" title="Owen Barfield">Owen Barfield</a>, Lewis's friend, teacher, adviser and trustee.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2003, <i>The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe</i> was ranked ninth on the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Big_Read" title="The Big Read">The Big Read</a> poll.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> magazine included the novel in its list of the 100 Best Young-Adult Books of All Time,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as its list of the 100 best English-language novels published since 1923.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plot">Plot</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lion,_the_Witch_and_the_Wardrobe&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Plot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Peter_Pevensie" title="Peter Pevensie">Peter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Susan_Pevensie" title="Susan Pevensie">Susan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Pevensie" title="Edmund Pevensie">Edmund</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Pevensie" title="Lucy Pevensie">Lucy</a> Pevensie are <a href="/wiki/Evacuations_of_civilians_in_Britain_during_World_War_II" title="Evacuations of civilians in Britain during World War II">evacuated from London in 1940</a>, to escape <a href="/wiki/The_Blitz" title="The Blitz">the Blitz</a>, and sent to live with Professor <a href="/wiki/Digory_Kirke" title="Digory Kirke">Digory Kirke</a> at a large house in the English countryside. While exploring the house, Lucy enters a wardrobe and discovers the magical world of Narnia. Here, she meets the <a href="/wiki/Faun" title="Faun">faun</a> named <a href="/wiki/Tumnus" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumnus">Tumnus</a>, whom she addresses as "<i>Mr</i> Tumnus". Tumnus invites her to his cave for tea and admits that he had intended to report Lucy to the <a href="/wiki/White_Witch" title="White Witch">White Witch</a>, the false ruler of Narnia who has kept the land in perpetual winter, but he repents and guides her back home. Although Lucy's siblings initially disbelieve her story of Narnia, Edmund follows her into the wardrobe, finds himself in a separate area of Narnia and meets the White Witch, who calls herself the Queen of Narnia. The Witch plies Edmund with <a href="/wiki/Turkish_delight" title="Turkish delight">Turkish delight</a> and persuades him to bring his siblings to her with the promise of being made a prince. Edmund reunites with Lucy and they return home. However, Edmund denies Narnia's existence to Peter and Susan after learning of the White Witch's identity from Lucy. </p><p>Soon afterwards, all four children enter Narnia together, but find that Tumnus has been arrested for treason. The children are befriended by Mr and Mrs Beaver, who tell them of a prophecy that the White Witch's rule will end when "two Sons of Adam and two Daughters of Eve" sit on the four thrones of Cair Paravel, and that Narnia's true ruler – a great lion named <a href="/wiki/Aslan" title="Aslan">Aslan</a> – is returning after several years of absence, and will go to the Stone Table. Edmund slips away to the White Witch's castle, where he finds a courtyard filled with the Witch's enemies turned into stone statues. Edmund reports Aslan's return to the White Witch, who begins her movement towards the Stone Table with Edmund in tow, and orders the execution of Edmund's siblings and the Beavers. Meanwhile, the Beavers realise where Edmund has gone, and lead the children to meet Aslan at the Stone Table. On the way they meet <a href="/wiki/Father_Christmas" title="Father Christmas">Father Christmas</a>, who had been kept out of Narnia by the Witch's magic, and he leaves the group with magical gifts, including weapons. </p><p>Meanwhile, the White Witch and her party realise that the snow is melting, and they have to abandon the sledge. </p><p>The children and the Beavers reach the Stone Table and meet Aslan and his army. The White Witch's wolf captain <a href="/wiki/Maugrim" title="Maugrim">Maugrim</a> approaches the camp and attacks Susan, but is killed by Peter. The White Witch arrives and parleys with Aslan, invoking the "Deep Magic from the Dawn of Time" which gives her the right to kill Edmund for his treason. Aslan then speaks to the Witch alone, and on his return he announces that the Witch has renounced her claim on Edmund's life. Aslan and his followers then move the encampment into the nearby forest. That evening, Susan and Lucy secretly follow Aslan to the Stone Table. They watch from a distance as the Witch puts Aslan to death, as they had agreed in their pact to spare Edmund. The next morning, Aslan is resurrected by the "Deeper Magic from before the Dawn of Time", which has the power to reverse death if a willing victim takes the place of a traitor. Aslan takes the girls to the Witch's castle and revives the Narnians that the Witch had turned to stone. They join the Narnian forces battling the Witch's army. The Narnian army prevails, and Aslan kills the Witch. The Pevensie children are then crowned kings and queens of Narnia at Cair Paravel. </p><p>After a long and happy reign, the Pevensies, now adults, go on a hunt for the White Stag who is said to grant the wishes of those who catch it. The four arrive at the lamp-post marking Narnia's entrance and, having forgotten about it, unintentionally pass through the wardrobe and return to England; they are children again, with no time having passed since their departure. They tell the story to the Professor, who believes them and reassures the children that they will return to Narnia one day when they least expect it. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Main_characters">Main characters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lion,_the_Witch_and_the_Wardrobe&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Main characters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Pevensie" title="Lucy Pevensie">Lucy</a> is the youngest of four siblings. In some respects, she is the primary character of the story. She is the first to discover the land of Narnia, which she enters inadvertently when she steps into a wardrobe while exploring the Professor's house. When Lucy tells her three siblings about Narnia, they do not believe her: Peter and Susan think she is just playing a game, while Edmund persistently ridicules her. In Narnia, she is crowned Queen Lucy the Valiant.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Pevensie" title="Edmund Pevensie">Edmund</a> is the second-youngest of four siblings. He has a bad relationship with his brother and sisters. Edmund is known to be a liar, and often harasses Lucy. Lured by the White Witch's promise of power and an unlimited supply of magical treats, Edmund betrays his siblings. He later repents and helps defeat the White Witch. He is eventually crowned King Edmund the Just.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Pevensie" title="Susan Pevensie">Susan</a> is the second-oldest sibling. She does not believe in Narnia until she actually goes there. She and Lucy accompany Aslan on the journey to the Stone Table, where he allows the Witch to take his life in place of Edmund's. Tending to Aslan's carcass, she removes a muzzle from him to restore his dignity and oversees a horde of mice who gnaw away his bonds. She then shares the joy of his resurrection and the endeavour to bring reinforcements to a critical battle. Susan is crowned Queen Susan the Gentle.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Pevensie" title="Peter Pevensie">Peter</a> is the eldest sibling. He judiciously settles disputes between his younger brother and sisters, often rebuking Edmund for his attitude. Peter also disbelieves Lucy's stories about Narnia until he sees it for himself. He is hailed as a hero for the slaying of <a href="/wiki/Maugrim" title="Maugrim">Maugrim</a> and for his command in the battle to overthrow the White Witch. He is crowned High King of Narnia and dubbed King Peter the Magnificent.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aslan" title="Aslan">Aslan</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Lion" title="Lion">lion</a>, is the rightful King of Narnia and other magic countries. He sacrifices himself to save Edmund, but is resurrected in time to aid the denizens of Narnia and the Pevensie children against the White Witch and her minions. As the "son of the Emperor-beyond-the-Sea" (an allusion to <a href="/wiki/God_the_Father#Christianity" title="God the Father">God the Father</a>), Aslan is the all-powerful creator of Narnia. Lewis revealed that he wrote Aslan as a portrait, although not an allegorical portrait, of <a href="/wiki/Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Christ">Christ</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_White_Witch" class="mw-redirect" title="The White Witch">The White Witch</a> is the land's self-proclaimed queen and the primary antagonist of the story. Her reign in Narnia has made winter persist for a hundred years with no end in sight. When provoked, she turns creatures to stone with her wand. She fears the fulfilment of a prophecy that "two sons of Adam and two daughters of Eve" (meaning two male humans and two female humans) will supplant her. She is usually referred to as "the White Witch", or just "the Witch". Her actual name, Jadis, appears once in the notice left on Tumnus's door after his arrest. Lewis later wrote a <a href="/wiki/The_Magician%27s_Nephew" title="The Magician's Nephew">prequel</a> to include her back story and account for her presence in the Narnian world.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digory_Kirke" title="Digory Kirke">The Professor</a> is a kindly old gentleman who takes the children in when they are evacuated from London. He is the first to believe that Lucy did indeed visit a land called Narnia. He tries to convince the others logically that she did not make it up. After the children return from Narnia, he assures them that they will return one day. The book hints that he knows more of Narnia than he lets on (hints expanded upon in later books of the series).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumnus" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumnus">Tumnus</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Faun" title="Faun">faun</a>, is the first individual Lucy (who calls him "Mr Tumnus") meets in Narnia. Tumnus befriends Lucy, despite the White Witch's standing order to turn in any human he finds. He initially plans to obey the order but, after getting to like Lucy, he cannot bear to alert the Witch's forces. He instead escorts her back towards the safety of her own country. His good deed is later given away to the Witch by Edmund. The witch orders Tumnus arrested and turns him to stone, but he is later restored to life by Aslan.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr_and_Mrs_Beaver" class="mw-redirect" title="Mr and Mrs Beaver">Mr and Mrs Beaver</a>, two <a href="/wiki/Beaver" title="Beaver">beavers</a>, are friends of Tumnus. They play host to Peter, Susan and Lucy and lead them to Aslan.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writing">Writing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lion,_the_Witch_and_the_Wardrobe&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Writing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lewis described the origin of <i>The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe</i> in an essay titled "It All Began with a Picture":<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>The <i>Lion</i> all began with a picture of a Faun carrying an umbrella and parcels in a snowy wood. This picture had been in my mind since I was about 16. Then one day, when I was about 40, I said to myself: 'Let's try to make a story about it.'</dd></dl> <p>At the beginning of the Second World War, many British children were evacuated from London and other cities to the countryside to escape bombing attacks by Nazi Germany. On 2 September 1939, three schoolgirls, Margaret, Mary and Katherine,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> came to live at <a href="/wiki/The_Kilns" title="The Kilns">The Kilns</a> in <a href="/wiki/Risinghurst" title="Risinghurst">Risinghurst</a>, Lewis's home 3 mi (4.8 km) east of <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a> city centre. Lewis later suggested that the experience gave him a new appreciation of children, and in late September<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he began a children's story on an odd sheet that has survived as part of another manuscript: </p> <dl><dd>This book is about four children whose names were Ann, Martin, Rose and Peter. But it is most about Peter, who was the youngest. They all had to go away from London suddenly because of Air Raids, and because Father, who was in the Army, had gone off to the War and Mother was doing some kind of war work. They were sent to stay with a kind of relation of Mother's who was a very old professor who lived all by himself in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>How much more of the story Lewis then wrote is uncertain. <a href="/wiki/Roger_Lancelyn_Green" title="Roger Lancelyn Green">Roger Lancelyn Green</a> thinks that he might even have completed it. In September 1947, Lewis wrote in a letter about stories for children: "I have tried one myself, but it was, by the unanimous verdict of my friends, so bad that I destroyed it."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The plot element of entering a new world through the back of a wardrobe had certainly entered Lewis's mind by 1946, when he used it to describe his first encounter with really good poetry: </p> <dl><dd>I did not in the least feel that I was getting in more quantity or better quality a pleasure I had already known. It was more as if a cupboard which one had hitherto valued as a place for hanging coats proved one day, when you opened the door, to lead to the <a href="/wiki/Garden_of_the_Hesperides" class="mw-redirect" title="Garden of the Hesperides">garden of the Hesperides</a> ...<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>In August 1948, during a visit by an American writer, Chad Walsh, Lewis talked vaguely about completing a children's book he had begun "in the tradition of <a href="/wiki/E._Nesbit" title="E. Nesbit">E. Nesbit</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After this conversation, not much happened until the beginning of the next year. Then everything changed. In his essay "It All Began With a Picture", Lewis continues: "At first I had very little idea how the story would go. But then suddenly Aslan came bounding into it. I think I had been having a good many dreams of lions about that time. Apart from that, I don't know where the Lion came from or why he came. But once he was there, he pulled the whole story together, and soon he pulled the six other Narnian stories in after him."<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The major ideas of the book echo lines Lewis had written 14 years earlier in his alliterative poem "The Planets": </p> <dl><dd>... Of wrath ended</dd> <dd>And woes mended, of winter passed</dd> <dd>And guilt forgiven, and good fortune</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jupiter_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jupiter (mythology)">J<small>OVE</small></a> is master; and of jocund revel,</dd> <dd>Laughter of ladies. The lion-hearted</dd> <dd>... are Jove's children.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>This resonance is a central component of the case, promoted chiefly by <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University">Oxford University</a> scholar <a href="/wiki/Michael_Ward_(scholar)" title="Michael Ward (scholar)">Michael Ward</a>, for the seven <i>Chronicles</i> having been modelled upon the seven classical astrological planets, <i>The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe</i> being based on Jupiter.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 10 March 1949, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Lancelyn_Green" title="Roger Lancelyn Green">Roger Lancelyn Green</a> dined with Lewis at <a href="/wiki/Magdalen_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Magdalen College">Magdalen College</a>. After the meal, Lewis read two chapters from his new children's story to Green. Lewis asked Green's opinion of the tale, and Green said that he thought it was good. The manuscript of <i>The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe</i> was complete by the end of March 1949. Lucy Barfield received it by the end of May.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When on 16 October 1950 Geoffrey Bles in London published the first edition, three new "chronicles", <i>Prince Caspian</i>, <i>The Voyage of the Dawn Treader</i>, and <i>The Horse and His Boy</i>, had also been completed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Illustrations">Illustrations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lion,_the_Witch_and_the_Wardrobe&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Illustrations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lewis's publisher, Geoffrey Bles, allowed him to choose the illustrator for the novel and the <i>Narnia</i> series. Lewis chose <a href="/wiki/Pauline_Baynes" title="Pauline Baynes">Pauline Baynes</a>, possibly on <a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">J. R. R. Tolkien</a>'s recommendation. In December 1949, Bles showed Lewis the first drawings for the novel, and Lewis sent Baynes a note congratulating her, particularly on the level of detail. Lewis's appreciation of the illustrations is evident in a letter he wrote to Baynes after <i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Battle" title="The Last Battle">The Last Battle</a></i> won the <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Medal_(literary_award)" title="Carnegie Medal (literary award)">Carnegie Medal</a> for best children's book of 1956: "is it not rather 'our' medal? I'm sure the illustrations were taken into account, as well as the text".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The British edition of the novel had 43 illustrations; American editions generally had fewer <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. The popular U.S. paperback edition published by Collier between 1970 and 1994, which sold many millions, had only 17 illustrations, many of them severely cropped from the originals, giving many readers in that country a very different experience when reading the novel <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="Who says this? (July 2023)">weasel words</span></a></i>]</sup>. All the illustrations were restored for the 1994 worldwide HarperCollins edition, although these illustrations lacked the clarity of early printings.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lion,_the_Witch_and_the_Wardrobe&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lewis very much enjoyed writing <i>The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe</i> and embarked on the sequel <i><a href="/wiki/Prince_Caspian" title="Prince Caspian">Prince Caspian</a></i> soon after finishing the first novel. He completed the sequel by the end of 1949, less than a year after finishing the initial book. <i>The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe</i> had few readers during 1949 and was not published until late 1950, so his initial enthusiasm did not stem from favourable reception by the public.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While Lewis is known today on the strength of the Narnia stories as a highly successful children's writer, the initial critical response was muted. At the time, children's stories being realistic was fashionable; fantasy and fairy tales were seen as indulgent, appropriate only for very young readers and potentially harmful to older children, even hindering their ability to relate to everyday life. Some reviewers considered the tale overly moralistic, or the Christian elements overstated attempts to indoctrinate children. Others were concerned that the many violent incidents might frighten children.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lewis's publisher, Geoffrey Bles, feared that the Narnia tales would not sell, and might damage Lewis's reputation and affect sales of his other books. Nevertheless, the novel and its successors were highly popular with young readers, and Lewis's publisher was soon eager to release further Narnia stories.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2004 U.S. study found that <i>The Lion</i> was a common read-aloud book for seventh graders in schools in <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_County,_California" title="San Diego County, California">San Diego County, California</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2005, it was included in <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'s</span> unranked list of the 100 best English-language novels published since 1923.<sup id="cite_ref-Time2005_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time2005-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the basis of a 2007 online poll, the U.S. <a href="/wiki/National_Education_Association" title="National Education Association">National Education Association</a> listed it as one of its "Teachers' Top 100 Books for Children".<sup id="cite_ref-NEA2007_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NEA2007-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, it was ranked number five among all-time children's novels in a survey published by <i><a href="/wiki/School_Library_Journal" title="School Library Journal">School Library Journal</a></i>, a monthly with a primarily U.S. readership.<sup id="cite_ref-SLJChapter2012_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SLJChapter2012-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2012 survey by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Worcester" title="University of Worcester">University of Worcester</a> determined that it was the second most common book that UK adults had read as children, after <i><a href="/wiki/Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland" title="Alice's Adventures in Wonderland">Alice's Adventures in Wonderland</a></i>. (Adults, perhaps limited to parents, ranked <i>Alice</i> and <i>The Lion</i> fifth and sixth as books the next generation should read, or their children should read during their lifetimes.)<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>TIME</i> included the novel in its "All-TIME 100 Novels" (best English-language novels from 1923 to 2005).<sup id="cite_ref-Time2005_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time2005-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2003, the novel was listed at number 9 on the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>'s survey <a href="/wiki/The_Big_Read" title="The Big Read">The Big Read</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has also been published in 47 foreign languages.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reading_order">Reading order</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lion,_the_Witch_and_the_Wardrobe&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Reading order"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The matter of the reading order of the Narnia series, in the context of the change in their publication order—from its original (beginning with <i>The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe</i>) to the later-adopted, now pervasive chronology-of-events order (beginning with <i><a href="/wiki/The_Magician%27s_Nephew" title="The Magician's Nephew">The Magician's Nephew</a></i>)—has been a matter of extensive discussion for many years.<sup id="cite_ref-SchakelCh3_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SchakelCh3-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>The Lion...</i> was originally published as the first book in the Chronicles, and most reprintings of the novels reflected that order, until departure with the Collins "Fontana Lions" edition in 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-SchakelCh3_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SchakelCh3-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 42">: 42 </span></sup> Change, however, had begun earlier—the listing of the books in the English Puffins editions as early as 1974 presented a list as a suggested reading order that placed <i>Magician's</i> first—and with the Collins edition the move to the chronological order, and the series opening with <i>Magician's</i>, was formalised.<sup id="cite_ref-SchakelCh3_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SchakelCh3-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 42">: 42 </span></sup> Walter Hooper, for one, was pleased with this, stating that the books could now be read in the order that Lewis himself "said they should".<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When HarperCollins presented its uniform, worldwide edition of the series in 1994, it also used this sequence, going so far as to state that its "editions of the Chronicles ... have been numbered in compliance with the original wishes of the author, C.S. Lewis."<sup id="cite_ref-SchakelCh3_33-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SchakelCh3-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 42–43">: 42–43 </span></sup> </p><p>In a work of literary criticism, <i>Imagination and the Arts in C. S. Lewis,</i> scholar Peter J. Schakel calls into question the clarity and simplicity of these conclusions, citing a variety of evidence that opposes a singular view of a correct viewing order, pieces of evidence that include Lewis's own words. Laurence Krieg, a young fan, wrote to Lewis, asking him to adjudicate between views of the correct sequence of reading the novels; he held to reading <i>The Magician's...</i> first, while his mother thought <i>The Lion...</i> should be read first. Lewis wrote back, stating support for the younger Krieg's views, but called rigid conclusions into question, stating: "I think I agree with your order ... [but] perhaps it does not matter very much in which order anyone reads them."<sup id="cite_ref-SchakelCh3_33-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SchakelCh3-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 42–43">: 42–43 </span></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote centered" style="width:100%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>"I think I agree with your order for reading the books more than with your mother's. The series was not planned beforehand as she thinks. When I wrote <i>The Lion</i>, I did not know I was going to write any more. Then I wrote <i>P. Caspian</i> as a sequel and still didn't think there would be any more, and when I had done <i>The Voyage</i>, I felt quite sure it would be the last, but I found I was wrong. So perhaps it does not matter very much in which order anyone reads them. I'm not even sure that all the others were written in the same order in which they were published." </p> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">—C. S. Lewis to Laurence Krieg, an American fan<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (January 2022)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></cite></p> </div> <p>Schakel's writings go on to pointedly question the revised order in literary-critical analyses that recognise the view of Hooper, documents such as the Krieg letter, as well as the commercial inclinations behind the creation of later editions of works in a unique order, but nevertheless argue strenuously with regard to the change in the "imaginative reading experience" in the later revised arrangement, the key difference being that, in the original publication order, the land of Narnia is carefully introduced in <i>The Lion...</i> (e.g., the children hearing the term and having to have it explained), whereas <i>The Magician's...</i> has Narnia mentioned on the first page, without explanation; a similar disconnection is noted with regard to how the central character Aslan is experienced in the two reading orders.<sup id="cite_ref-SchakelCh3_33-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SchakelCh3-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 46–48">: 46–48 </span></sup> Schakel argues the matter through repeated further examples (e.g., the appearances of the lamp-post, the delineation of the characters of the White Witch and Jadis), concluding that "the 'new' arrangement may well be less desirable that the original".<sup id="cite_ref-SchakelCh3_33-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SchakelCh3-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 49, 44">: 49, 44 </span></sup> Writer Paul Ford likewise cites several scholars who have weighed in against the decision of HarperCollins to present the books in the order of their internal chronology,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and continues, "most scholars disagree with this decision and find it the least faithful to Lewis's deepest intentions".<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Critically, the reissue of the Puffin series in England, which was proceeding at the time of Lewis's death in 1963 (with three volumes, beginning with <i>The Lion...</i>, already out, and the remaining four due soon) maintained the original order, with contemporary comments ascribed to Lewis—made to Kaye Webb, the editor of that imprint—suggesting he intended "to re-edit the books ... [to] connect the things that didn't tie up".<sup id="cite_ref-SchakelCh3_33-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SchakelCh3-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 44">: 44 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regardless, as at January 2022, the publication order placing <i>The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe</i> second in the series continues—in accord with Walter Hooper's perception of Lewis's intent, whether intended with or without further series changes—so that it remains the production design for the series as it is distributed worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-SchakelCh3_33-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SchakelCh3-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Allusions">Allusions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lion,_the_Witch_and_the_Wardrobe&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Allusions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lewis wrote, "The Narnian books are not as much allegory as supposal. Suppose there were a Narnian world and it, like ours, needed redemption. What kind of incarnation and Passion might Christ be supposed to undergo <i>there</i>?"<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The main story is an allegory of Christ's crucifixion:<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aslan sacrifices himself for Edmund, a traitor who may deserve death, in the same way that Christians believe Jesus sacrificed himself for sinners. Aslan is killed on the Stone Table, symbolising <a href="/wiki/Mosaic_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosaic Law">Mosaic Law</a>, which breaks when he is resurrected, symbolising the replacement of the strict justice of <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> law with redeeming grace and forgiveness granted on the basis of substitutionary atonement, according to Christian theology.<sup id="cite_ref-Lewis_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewis-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The character of the Professor is based on W. T. Kirkpatrick, who tutored a 16-year-old Lewis. "Kirk", as he was sometimes called, taught the young Lewis much about thinking and communicating clearly, skills that would be invaluable to him later.<sup id="cite_ref-Lindsley_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lindsley-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Narnia is caught in endless winter that has lasted a century when the children first enter. Norse tradition mythologises a "great winter", known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Fimbulwinter" title="Fimbulwinter">Fimbulwinter</a></i>, said to precede <a href="/wiki/Ragnar%C3%B6k" title="Ragnarök">Ragnarök</a>. The trapping of Edmund by the White Witch is reminiscent of the seduction and imprisonment of Kai by the Snow Queen in <a href="/wiki/Hans_Christian_Andersen" title="Hans Christian Andersen">Hans Christian Andersen</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Snow_Queen" title="The Snow Queen">novella of that name</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several parallels are seen between the White Witch and the immortal white queen, Ayesha, of <a href="/wiki/H._Rider_Haggard" title="H. Rider Haggard">H. Rider Haggard</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/She_(novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="She (novel)">She</a></i>, a novel greatly admired by Lewis.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Edith_Nesbit" class="mw-redirect" title="Edith Nesbit">Edith Nesbit</a>'s short story "The Aunt and Amabel" includes the motif of a girl entering a wardrobe to gain access to a magical place.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The freeing of Aslan's body from the Stone Table is reminiscent of a scene from <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe" title="Edgar Allan Poe">Edgar Allan Poe</a>'s story "<a href="/wiki/The_Pit_and_the_Pendulum" title="The Pit and the Pendulum">The Pit and the Pendulum</a>", in which a prisoner is freed when rats gnaw through his bonds.<sup id="cite_ref-Æsop_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Æsop-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a later book, <i>Prince Caspian</i>, as reward for their actions, mice gained the same intelligence and speech as other Narnian animals.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_themes">Religious themes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lion,_the_Witch_and_the_Wardrobe&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Religious themes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the most significant themes seen in C. S. Lewis's <i>The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe</i> is <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Various aspects of characters and events in the novel reflect biblical ideas from Christianity. The lion Aslan is one of the clearest examples, as his death is very similar to that of <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> Christ. While many readers made this connection, Lewis denied that the themes of Christianity were intentional, saying that his writing began by picturing images of characters, and the rest just came about through the writing process.<sup id="cite_ref-Full_Text_Finder_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Full_Text_Finder-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While Lewis denied intentionally making the story a strictly Christian <a href="/wiki/Theological_fiction" title="Theological fiction">theological novel</a>, he did admit that it could help young children accept Christianity into their lives when they were older.<sup id="cite_ref-Russell_59–76_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Russell_59–76-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the children enter the world of Narnia through the wardrobe, Edmund finds himself in trouble under the service of the White Witch, as she tempts him with <a href="/wiki/Turkish_delight" title="Turkish delight">Turkish delight</a>. When Edmund is threatened with death, Aslan offers to sacrifice himself as an atonement for the boy's betrayal. Aslan is shaved of his fur, and stabbed on an altar of stone. This is similar to how Jesus was publicly beaten, humiliated and crucified. After his sacrifice, Aslan comes back to life, and he continues to help the children save Narnia.<sup id="cite_ref-Russell_59–76_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Russell_59–76-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While this sequence of events is comparable to the death of Jesus, it is not identical to it. A few differences exist, such as the fact that Aslan did not allow himself to be killed to save the entirety of Narnia, but only to save Edmund. Aslan is also only dead for one night, while Jesus returned on the third day.<sup id="cite_ref-Full_Text_Finder_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Full_Text_Finder-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite these differences, the image of Aslan and the event of his death and rebirth reflect those of the biblical account of Jesus's death and resurrection, adding to the theme of Christianity throughout the novel.<sup id="cite_ref-Full_Text_Finder_51-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Full_Text_Finder-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Differences_between_editions">Differences between editions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lion,_the_Witch_and_the_Wardrobe&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Differences between editions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because of labour union rules,<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the text of <i>The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe</i> was reset for the publication of the first American edition by <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Macmillan Publishers (United States)">Macmillan US</a> in 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-LCC_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LCC-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lewis took that opportunity to make these changes to the original British edition published by Geoffrey Bles<sup id="cite_ref-isfdb_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isfdb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> earlier that same year: </p> <ul><li>In chapter one of the American edition, the animals in which Edmund and Susan express interest are snakes and foxes rather than the foxes and rabbits of the British edition.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schakel_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schakel-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In chapter six of the American edition, the name of the White Witch's chief of police is changed to "<a href="/wiki/Fenrir" title="Fenrir">Fenris Ulf</a>" from "<a href="/wiki/Maugrim" title="Maugrim">Maugrim</a>" in the British.<sup id="cite_ref-Bell_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bell-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hardy_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hardy-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In chapter 13 of the American edition, "the trunk of the <a href="/wiki/Yggdrasil" title="Yggdrasil">World Ash Tree</a>" takes the place of "the fire-stones of the Secret Hill".<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>When HarperCollins took over publication of the series in 1994, they began using the original British edition for all subsequent English editions worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current U.S. edition published by Scholastic has 36,135 words.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adaptations">Adaptations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lion,_the_Witch_and_the_Wardrobe&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Adaptations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lion,_the_Witch_and_the_Wardrobe&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The story has been adapted for television three times. The <a href="/wiki/The_Lion,_the_Witch_and_the_Wardrobe_(1967_TV_serial)" title="The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (1967 TV serial)">first</a> was a 10-part serial produced by <a href="/wiki/ABC_Weekend_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC Weekend Television">ABC Weekend Television</a> for <a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a> and broadcast in 1967. This version was adapted by <a href="/wiki/Trevor_Preston" title="Trevor Preston">Trevor Preston</a> and directed by Helen Standage.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1979, an <a href="/wiki/The_Lion,_the_Witch_and_the_Wardrobe_(1979_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (1979 film)">animated TV movie</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> directed by <i><a href="/wiki/Peanuts" title="Peanuts">Peanuts</a></i> director <a href="/wiki/Bill_Melendez" title="Bill Melendez">Bill Melendez</a>, was broadcast and won the first <a href="/wiki/Emmy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmy Award">Emmy Award</a> for <a href="/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Animated_Program" title="Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program">Outstanding Animated Program</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> A <a href="/wiki/The_Chronicles_of_Narnia_(TV_series)" title="The Chronicles of Narnia (TV series)">third television adaptation</a> was produced in 1988 by the BBC using a combination of live actors, <a href="/wiki/Animatronic" class="mw-redirect" title="Animatronic">animatronic</a> puppets, and animation. The 1988 adaptation was the first of a series of four Narnia adaptations over three seasons. The programme was nominated for an Emmy Award and won a <a href="/wiki/British_Academy_Film_Awards" title="British Academy Film Awards">BAFTA</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theatre">Theatre</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lion,_the_Witch_and_the_Wardrobe&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Theatre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stage adaptations include a 1984 version staged at London's Westminster Theatre, produced by Vanessa Ford Productions. The play, adapted by Glyn Robbins, was directed by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Williams_(theatre_director)" title="Richard Williams (theatre director)">Richard Williams</a> and designed by Marty Flood.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jules Tasca, Ted Drachman and Thomas Tierney collaborated on a musical adaptation published in 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1997, Trumpets Inc., a Filipino Christian theatre and musical production company, produced a musical rendition that Douglas Gresham, Lewis's stepson (and co-producer of the Walden Media film adaptations), has openly declared that he feels is the closest to Lewis's intention.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It starred among others popular young Filipino singer Sam Concepcion as Edmund Pevensie.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1998, the Royal Shakespeare Company did an adaptation by Adrian Mitchell, for which the acting edition has been published.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Stratford_Festival" title="Stratford Festival">Stratford Festival</a> in Canada mounted a new production of Mitchell's work in June 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2003, an Australian commercial stage production by Malcolm Cooke Productions toured the country, using both life-sized puppets and human actors. It was directed by notable film director Nadia Tass, and starred <a href="/wiki/Amanda_Muggleton" title="Amanda Muggleton">Amanda Muggleton</a>, Dennis Olsen, Meaghan Davies, and Yolande Brown.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011, a two-actor stage adaptation by Le Clanché du Rand opened <a href="/wiki/Off-Broadway" title="Off-Broadway">off-Broadway</a> in New York City at <a href="/wiki/St._Luke%27s_Theatre" title="St. Luke's Theatre">St. Luke's Theatre</a>. The production was directed by Julia Beardsley O'Brien and starred Erin Layton and Andrew Fortman.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2014, the production is running with a replacement cast of Abigail Taylor-Sansom and Rockford Sansom.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Fentiman" title="Michael Fentiman">Michael Fentiman</a> with <a href="/wiki/Rupert_Goold" title="Rupert Goold">Rupert Goold</a> co-directed <i>The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe</i> at a Threesixty 'tented production' in <a href="/wiki/Kensington_Gardens" title="Kensington Gardens">Kensington Gardens</a>, London. It received a <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">Guardian</a></i> three-star review.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/The_Lion,_the_Witch,_and_the_Wardrobe_(2017_play)" title="The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe (2017 play)">new stage adaptation</a> debuted at <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Playhouse" title="Leeds Playhouse">Leeds Playhouse</a> in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The production then transferred to London's <a href="/wiki/Bridge_Theatre" title="Bridge Theatre">Bridge Theatre</a> in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 2021, the show began a tour across the U.K. and transferred to the <a href="/wiki/West_End_theatre" title="West End theatre">West End</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Gillian_Lynne_Theatre" title="Gillian Lynne Theatre">Gillian Lynne Theatre</a> for an engagement lasting from 28 July (previews from 18 July) 2022 to 8 January 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Directed by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Fentiman" title="Michael Fentiman">Michael Fentiman</a>, the production stars <a href="/wiki/Samantha_Womack" title="Samantha Womack">Samantha Womack</a> as the White Witch; Ammar Duffus, Robyn Sinclair, Shaka Kalokoh, and <a href="/wiki/Delainey_Hayles" title="Delainey Hayles">Delainey Hayles</a> as the Pevensie siblings; and Chris Jared as Aslan.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film">Film</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lion,_the_Witch_and_the_Wardrobe&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2005, the story was adapted for a <a href="/wiki/The_Chronicles_of_Narnia:_The_Lion,_the_Witch_and_the_Wardrobe" title="The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe">theatrical film</a>, co-produced by <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_Pictures" title="Walt Disney Pictures">Walt Disney Pictures</a> and <a href="/wiki/Walden_Media" title="Walden Media">Walden Media</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was followed by two more films: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Chronicles_of_Narnia:_Prince_Caspian" title="The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian">The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Chronicles_of_Narnia:_The_Voyage_of_the_Dawn_Treader" title="The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader">The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the latter of which was produced by <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century Fox">20th Century Fox</a> instead of Disney.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lion,_the_Witch_and_the_Wardrobe&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lion,_the_Witch_and_the_Wardrobe&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-isfdb-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-isfdb_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-isfdb_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-isfdb_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/title.cgi?1629">"Bibliography: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ISFDB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISFDB">ISFDB</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ISFDB&rft.atitle=Bibliography%3A+The+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isfdb.org%2Fcgi-bin%2Ftitle.cgi%3F1629&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LCC-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LCC_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LCC_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LCC_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lccn.loc.gov/50056413">"The lion, the witch and the wardrobe; a story for children"</a> (first edition). Library of Congress Catalog Record.<br /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lccn.loc.gov/50010611">"The lion, the witch and the wardrobe; a story for children"</a> (first U.S. edition). LCC record. Retrieved 2012-12-09.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n79-003974">"Lewis, C. S. 1898-1963 (Clive Staples) [WorldCat Identities]"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WorldCat&rft.atitle=Lewis%2C+C.+S.+1898-1963+%28Clive+Staples%29+%26%2391%3BWorldCat+Identities%26%2393%3B&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Fidentities%2Flccn-n79-003974&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schakel 2002 p. 75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/arts/bigread/top100.shtml">"The Big Read - Top 100 Books"</a>. <i>BBC</i>. 2 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=The+Big+Read+-+Top+100+Books&rft.date=2014-09-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Farts%2Fbigread%2Ftop100.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/collection/100-best-ya-books/">"100 Best Young-Adult Books"</a>. <i>Time</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=100+Best+Young-Adult+Books&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2Fcollection%2F100-best-ya-books%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://entertainment.time.com/2005/10/16/all-time-100-novels/">"100 best English-language novels published since 1923"</a>. <i>Time</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=100+best+English-language+novels+published+since+1923&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fentertainment.time.com%2F2005%2F10%2F16%2Fall-time-100-novels%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Letter to Anne Jenkins, 5 March 1961, in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHooper2007" class="citation book cs1">Hooper, Walter (2007). <i>The Collected Letters of C. S. Lewis, Volume III</i>. HarperSanFrancisco. p. 1245. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-081922-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-081922-4"><bdi>978-0-06-081922-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Collected+Letters+of+C.+S.+Lewis%2C+Volume+III&rft.pages=1245&rft.pub=HarperSanFrancisco&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-06-081922-4&rft.aulast=Hooper&rft.aufirst=Walter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lewis (1960). "It All Began with a Picture". <i>Radio Times</i>. 15 July 1960. In Hooper (1982), p. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ford, p. 106.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140904220313/http://campus.huntington.edu/dma/leeper/DM101/Readings/@PDF/02B_It%20All%20Began%20With%20a%20Picture.pdf">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Of Other Worlds", by C. S. Lewis"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>. 24 December 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://campus.huntington.edu/dma/leeper/DM101/Readings/@PDF/02B_It%20All%20Began%20With%20a%20Picture.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wayback+Machine&rft.atitle=%22Of+Other+Worlds%22%2C+by+C.+S.+Lewis%22&rft.date=2014-12-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcampus.huntington.edu%2Fdma%2Fleeper%2FDM101%2FReadings%2F%40PDF%2F02B_It%2520All%2520Began%2520With%2520a%2520Picture.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (October 2015)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Owen_Dudley_Edwards" title="Owen Dudley Edwards">Edwards, Owen Dudley</a> (2007). <i>British Children's Fiction in the Second World War</i>. p. 129. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-1650-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-1650-3">978-0-7486-1650-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Lancelyn_Green" title="Roger Lancelyn Green">Green, Roger Lancelyn</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Walter_Hooper" title="Walter Hooper">Walter Hooper</a> (2002). <i>C. S. Lewis: A Biography. Fully Revised and Expanded Edition</i>. p. 303. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-00-715714-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-00-715714-2">0-00-715714-2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lewis (2004 [1947]). <i>Collected Letters: Volume 2 (1931–1949)</i>. p. 802. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-072764-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-072764-0">0-06-072764-0</a>. Letter to E. L. Baxter dated 10 September 1947.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lewis (1946), "Different Tastes in Literature". In Hooper (1982), p. 121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Walsh, Chad (1974). <i>C. S. Lewis: Apostle to the Skeptics</i>. Norwood Editions. p. 10. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88305-779-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-88305-779-4">0-88305-779-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lewis (1960). In Hooper (1982), pp. xix, 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lewis (1935), "The Alliterative Metre". In Hooper, ed. (1969), <i>Selected Literary Essays</i>, Cambridge University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-07441-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-07441-4">978-0-521-07441-4</a>, p. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Ward (2008), <i>Planet Narnia: the seven heavens in the imagination of C.S. Lewis</i>, Oxford University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-531387-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-531387-1">978-0-19-531387-1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hooper, Walter. "Lucy Barfield (1935–2003)". <i>SEVEN: An Anglo-American Literary Review</i>. Volume 20, 2003, p. 5. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0271-3012">0271-3012</a>. "The dedication ... was probably taken from Lewis's letter to Lucy of May 1949".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schakel 2002, pp. 30–31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schakel 2002, p. 132.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Veith, pp. 11–12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Veith, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Veith, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFisher,_DouglasJames_FloodDiane_LappNancy_Frey2004" class="citation journal cs1">Fisher, Douglas; James Flood; Diane Lapp; Nancy Frey (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131207031123/http://www.fisherandfrey.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/rt-read-alouds.pdf">"Interactive Read-Alouds: Is There a Common Set of Implementation Practices?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Reading_Teacher" title="The Reading Teacher">The Reading Teacher</a></i>. <b>58</b> (1): 8–17. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1598%2FRT.58.1.1">10.1598/RT.58.1.1</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fisherandfrey.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/rt-read-alouds.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 7 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Reading+Teacher&rft.atitle=Interactive+Read-Alouds%3A+Is+There+a+Common+Set+of+Implementation+Practices%3F&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=8-17&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1598%2FRT.58.1.1&rft.au=Fisher%2C+Douglas&rft.au=James+Flood&rft.au=Diane+Lapp&rft.au=Nancy+Frey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fisherandfrey.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2010%2F01%2Frt-read-alouds.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Time2005-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Time2005_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Time2005_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrossman,_Lev2005" class="citation news cs1">Grossman, Lev (16 October 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051022124552/http://www.time.com/time/2005/100books/0,24459,the_lion_the_witch_and_the_wardrobe,00.html">"All-TIME 100 Novels: The Lion, The Witch and the Wardrobe"</a>. <i>Time</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/2005/100books/0,24459,the_lion_the_witch_and_the_wardrobe,00.html">the original</a> on 22 October 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=All-TIME+100+Novels%3A+The+Lion%2C+The+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe&rft.date=2005-10-16&rft.au=Grossman%2C+Lev&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2F2005%2F100books%2F0%2C24459%2Cthe_lion_the_witch_and_the_wardrobe%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NEA2007-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NEA2007_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Education_Association2007" class="citation web cs1">National Education Association (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nea.org/grants/13154.htm/">"Teachers' Top 100 Books for Children"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Teachers%27+Top+100+Books+for+Children&rft.date=2007&rft.au=National+Education+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nea.org%2Fgrants%2F13154.htm%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SLJChapter2012-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SLJChapter2012_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBird,_Elizabeth2012" class="citation web cs1">Bird, Elizabeth (7 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120713031015/http://blog.schoollibraryjournal.com/afuse8production/2012/07/07/top-100-chapter-book-poll-results">"Top 100 Chapter Book Poll Results"</a>. A Fuse #8 Production. Blog. <a href="/wiki/School_Library_Journal" title="School Library Journal">School Library Journal</a> (blog.schoollibraryjournal.com). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.schoollibraryjournal.com/afuse8production/2012/07/07/top-100-chapter-book-poll-results">the original</a> on 13 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Top+100+Chapter+Book+Poll+Results&rft.pub=A+Fuse+%238+Production.+Blog.+School+Library+Journal+%28blog.schoollibraryjournal.com%29&rft.date=2012-07-07&rft.au=Bird%2C+Elizabeth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.schoollibraryjournal.com%2Fafuse8production%2F2012%2F07%2F07%2Ftop-100-chapter-book-poll-results&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/booknews/9485677/Top-ten-books-parents-think-children-should-read.html">"Top ten books parents think children should read"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Telegraph</a></i>. 19 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Top+ten+books+parents+think+children+should+read&rft.date=2012-08-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fculture%2Fbooks%2Fbooknews%2F9485677%2FTop-ten-books-parents-think-children-should-read.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/arts/bigread/top100.shtml">"The Big Read - Top 100 Books"</a>. <i>BBC</i>. 2 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=The+Big+Read+-+Top+100+Books&rft.date=2014-09-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Farts%2Fbigread%2Ftop100.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Glen_GoodKnight" title="Glen GoodKnight">GoodKnight, Glen H.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://inklingsfocus.com/translation_index.html">"Translations of <i>The Chronicles of Narnia</i> by C.S. Lewis"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110303135111/http://inklingsfocus.com/translation_index.html">Archived</a> 3 March 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (index). <i>Narnia Editions & Translations</i> (inklingsfocus.com). Updated 3 August 2010. Confirmed 2012-12-10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SchakelCh3-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SchakelCh3_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SchakelCh3_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SchakelCh3_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SchakelCh3_33-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SchakelCh3_33-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SchakelCh3_33-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SchakelCh3_33-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SchakelCh3_33-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SchakelCh3_33-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Schakel, pp. 40-52 (Chapter 3, entitled "It Does Not Matter Very Much"—or Does It? The "Correct" Order for Reading the Chronicles)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hooper, <i>C.S. Lewis: A Companion and Guide,</i> p. 453.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDorsett1995" class="citation book cs1">Dorsett, Lyle (1995). Mead, Marjorie Lamp (ed.). <i>C. S. Lewis: Letters to Children</i>. <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Touchstone</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-684-82372-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-684-82372-0"><bdi>978-0-684-82372-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=C.+S.+Lewis%3A+Letters+to+Children&rft.pub=Touchstone&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-684-82372-0&rft.aulast=Dorsett&rft.aufirst=Lyle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (January 2022)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (January 2022)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ford, pp. xxiii–xxiv.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ford, p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See footnote 5, citing Green and Hooper's <i>C.S. Lewis: A Biography.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">E.g., see <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarperCollins_Staff2022" class="citation web cs1">HarperCollins Staff (January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.harpercollins.com/products/the-chronicles-of-narnia-c-s-lewis?variant=32122517422114">"The Chronicles of Narnia, 7 Books in 1 Hardcover, By C. S. Lewis, Illustrated by Pauline Baynes, On Sale: [beginning] October 26, 2004"</a>. <i>HarperCollins.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HarperCollins.com&rft.atitle=The+Chronicles+of+Narnia%2C+7+Books+in+1+Hardcover%2C+By+C.+S.+Lewis%2C+Illustrated+by+Pauline+Baynes%2C+On+Sale%3A+%5Bbeginning%5D+October+26%2C+2004&rft.date=2022-01&rft.au=HarperCollins+Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.harpercollins.com%2Fproducts%2Fthe-chronicles-of-narnia-c-s-lewis%3Fvariant%3D32122517422114&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James E. Higgins. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120524195236/http://archive.hbook.com/magazine/articles/1960s/oct66_higgins.asp">"A Letter from C. S. Lewis"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Horn_Book_Magazine" title="The Horn Book Magazine">The Horn Book Magazine</a></i>. October 1966. Archived 2012-05-24. Retrieved 2015-10-17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Lindskoog" title="Kathryn Lindskoog">Lindskoog, Kathryn</a>. <i>Journey into Narnia</i>. Pasadena, CA: Hope Publ House. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-932727-89-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-932727-89-3">978-0-932727-89-3</a>. pp. 44–46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Gormley" title="Beatrice Gormley">Gormley, Beatrice</a>. <i>C. S. Lewis: The Man Behind Narnia</i>. <a href="/wiki/Eerdmans" class="mw-redirect" title="Eerdmans">Eerdmans</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-5301-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-5301-1">978-0-8028-5301-1</a>. p. 122. (Second edition of <i>C. S. Lewis: Christian and Storyteller</i>. Eerdmans. 1997. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-5121-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-5121-5">978-0-8028-5121-5</a>.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lewis-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lewis_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis2007" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, C. S. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BCc6Aq5JaJoC&pg=PA497"><i>The Collected Letters of C.S. Lewis, Volume 3: Narnia, Cambridge, and Joy, 1950 - 1963</i></a>. Zondervan. p. 497. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-081922-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-081922-4"><bdi>978-0-06-081922-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Collected+Letters+of+C.S.+Lewis%2C+Volume+3%3A+Narnia%2C+Cambridge%2C+and+Joy%2C+1950+-+1963&rft.pages=497&rft.pub=Zondervan&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-06-081922-4&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=C.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBCc6Aq5JaJoC%26pg%3DPA497&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lindsley-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lindsley_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLindsley" class="citation web cs1">Lindsley, Art. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cslewisinstitute.org/node/28">"C. S. Lewis: His Life and Works"</a>. C. S. Lewis Institute<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=C.+S.+Lewis%3A+His+Life+and+Works&rft.pub=C.+S.+Lewis+Institute&rft.aulast=Lindsley&rft.aufirst=Art&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cslewisinstitute.org%2Fnode%2F28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thefreelibrary.com/No+sex+in+Narnia%3f+How+Hans+Christian+Andersen's+%22Snow+Queen%22...-a0211707037">"No sex in Narnia? How Hans Christian Andersen's "Snow Queen" problematizes C. S. Lewis's <i>The Chronicles of Narnia</i>"</a>. Free Online Library (thefreelibrary.com)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+sex+in+Narnia%3F+How+Hans+Christian+Andersen%27s+%22Snow+Queen%22+problematizes+C.+S.+Lewis%27s+The+Chronicles+of+Narnia&rft.pub=Free+Online+Library+%28thefreelibrary.com%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefreelibrary.com%2FNo%2Bsex%2Bin%2BNarnia%253f%2BHow%2BHans%2BChristian%2BAndersen%27s%2B%2522Snow%2BQueen%2522...-a0211707037&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2005" class="citation web cs1">Wilson, Tracy V (7 December 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.howstuffworks.com/narnia.htm/printable">"Howstuffworks "The World of Narnia"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Howstuffworks.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Howstuffworks+%22The+World+of+Narnia%22&rft.pub=Howstuffworks.com&rft.date=2005-12-07&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Tracy+V&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.howstuffworks.com%2Fnarnia.htm%2Fprintable&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicholson1991" class="citation journal cs1">Nicholson, Mervyn (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/chq/summary/v016/16.1.nicholson.html">"What C. S. Lewis Took From E. Nesbit"</a>. <i>Children's Literature Association Quarterly</i>. <b>16</b>: 16–22. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fchq.0.0823">10.1353/chq.0.0823</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143700282">143700282</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Children%27s+Literature+Association+Quarterly&rft.atitle=What+C.+S.+Lewis+Took+From+E.+Nesbit&rft.volume=16&rft.pages=16-22&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fchq.0.0823&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143700282%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Nicholson&rft.aufirst=Mervyn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Fjournals%2Fchq%2Fsummary%2Fv016%2F16.1.nicholson.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Æsop-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Æsop_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/21"><i>Aesop's Fables by Aesop</i></a>. 25 June 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2021</span> – via Project Gutenberg.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aesop%27s+Fables+by+Aesop&rft.date=2008-06-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Febooks%2F21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Prince Caspian</i>, Chapter 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson,_Ruth2021" class="citation podcast cs1">Jackson, Ruth (26 April 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.podbean.com/ew/pb-znu35-101c885 ">"The CS Lewis podcast"</a> (Podcast). Premier Christian Radio<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+CS+Lewis+podcast&rft.pub=Premier+Christian+Radio&rft.date=2021-04-26&rft.au=Jackson%2C+Ruth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.podbean.com%2Few%2Fpb-znu35-101c885+&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Full_Text_Finder-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Full_Text_Finder_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Full_Text_Finder_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Full_Text_Finder_51-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchakel2013" class="citation journal cs1">Schakel, Peter J. (2013). "Hidden Images of Christ in the Fiction of C. S. Lewis". <i>Studies in the Literary Imagination</i>. <b>46</b> (2). Project Muse: 1–18. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fsli.2013.0010">10.1353/sli.2013.0010</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2165-2678">2165-2678</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:159684550">159684550</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studies+in+the+Literary+Imagination&rft.atitle=Hidden+Images+of+Christ+in+the+Fiction+of+C.+S.+Lewis&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=1-18&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A159684550%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=2165-2678&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fsli.2013.0010&rft.aulast=Schakel&rft.aufirst=Peter+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Russell_59–76-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Russell_59–76_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Russell_59–76_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussell2009" class="citation journal cs1">Russell, James (27 September 2009). "Narnia as a Site of National Struggle: Marketing, Christianity, and National Purpose in The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe". <i>Cinema Journal</i>. <b>48</b> (4): 59–76. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fcj.0.0145">10.1353/cj.0.0145</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1527-2087">1527-2087</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:191976780">191976780</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cinema+Journal&rft.atitle=Narnia+as+a+Site+of+National+Struggle%3A+Marketing%2C+Christianity%2C+and+National+Purpose+in+The+Chronicles+of+Narnia%3A+The+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=59-76&rft.date=2009-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A191976780%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1527-2087&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fcj.0.0145&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brown_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2013" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Devin (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780801065996"><i>Inside Narnia: A Guide to Exploring The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Abingdon_Press" title="Abingdon Press">Abingdon Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8010-6599-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8010-6599-6"><bdi>978-0-8010-6599-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inside+Narnia%3A+A+Guide+to+Exploring+The+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe&rft.pub=Abingdon+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-8010-6599-6&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Devin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780801065996&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schakel-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schakel_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchakel2005" class="citation book cs1">Schakel, Peter (2005). <i>The Way into Narnia: A Reader's Guide</i>. Wm. B. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2984-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2984-9"><bdi>978-0-8028-2984-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Way+into+Narnia%3A+A+Reader%27s+Guide&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-2984-9&rft.aulast=Schakel&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span> p. 122.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bell-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bell_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBellDunlop2007" class="citation book cs1">Bell, James; Dunlop, Cheryl (2007). <i>The Complete Idiot's Guide to the World of Narnia</i>. Alpha. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59257-617-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59257-617-3"><bdi>978-1-59257-617-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Idiot%27s+Guide+to+the+World+of+Narnia&rft.pub=Alpha&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-59257-617-3&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Dunlop%2C+Cheryl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hardy-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hardy_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHardy2013" class="citation book cs1">Hardy, Elizabeth (2013). <i>Milton, Spenser and The Chronicles of Narnia: Literary Sources for the C.S</i>. Abingdon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4267-8555-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4267-8555-9"><bdi>978-1-4267-8555-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Milton%2C+Spenser+and+The+Chronicles+of+Narnia%3A+Literary+Sources+for+the+C.S&rft.pub=Abingdon+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4267-8555-9&rft.aulast=Hardy&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span> pp. 138, 173.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ford, p. 213.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ford, p. 459.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ford, p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140622191732/http://src.scholastic.com/bookexpert/detail_title.asp?UID=0DEA1BBF4B1D4B00AE1690DB6BC45C75&subt=0&item=92751">"Scholastic Catalog - Book Information"</a>. <i>src.scholastic.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://src.scholastic.com/bookexpert/detail_title.asp?UID=0DEA1BBF4B1D4B00AE1690DB6BC45C75&subt=0&item=92751">the original</a> on 22 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=src.scholastic.com&rft.atitle=Scholastic+Catalog+-+Book+Information&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsrc.scholastic.com%2Fbookexpert%2Fdetail_title.asp%3FUID%3D0DEA1BBF4B1D4B00AE1690DB6BC45C75%26subt%3D0%26item%3D92751&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sturgis, Amy H.(2007) <i>Past Watchful Dragons : Fantasy and Faith in the World of C.S. Lewis</i>. Mythopoeic Press, Altadena, California. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-887726-11-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-887726-11-X">1-887726-11-X</a> (p. 77)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0079474/"><i>The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647369#P345" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHooper1998" class="citation book cs1">Hooper, Walter (1998). <i>C. S. Lewis: A Complete Guide to His Life & Works</i>. HarperCollins.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=C.+S.+Lewis%3A+A+Complete+Guide+to+His+Life+%26+Works&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Hooper&rft.aufirst=Walter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span> pp. 787, 960.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">WorldCat libraries have catalogued the related works in different ways including "The lion, the witch, and the wardrobe: a musical based on C.S. Lewis' classic story" (book, 1986, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/14694962">14694962</a>); "The lion, the witch, and the wardrobe: a musical based on C.S. Lewis' classic story" (musical score, 1986, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/16713815">16713815</a>); "Narnia: a dramatic adaptation of C.S. Lewis's The lion, the witch, and the wardrobe" (video, 1986, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/32772305">32772305</a>); "Narnia: based on C.S. Lewis' [classic story] The lion, the witch, and the wardrobe" (1987, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/792898134">792898134</a>). <br /> Google Books uses the title "Narnia – Full Musical" and hosts selections, perhaps from the play by Tasca alone, without lyrics or music. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTasca1986" class="citation book cs1">Tasca, J. (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LjtX-TuO3AoC"><i>Narnia - Full Musical</i></a>. Dramatic Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87129-381-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87129-381-7"><bdi>978-0-87129-381-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Narnia+-+Full+Musical&rft.pub=Dramatic+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-87129-381-7&rft.aulast=Tasca&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLjtX-TuO3AoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120316005424/http://www.thebachelorgirl.com/2005/218/trumpets-the-lion-the-witch-and-the-wardrobe">"Trumpets The Lion The Witch and the Wardrobe"</a>. TheBachelorGirl.com. 29 December 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thebachelorgirl.com/2005/218/trumpets-the-lion-the-witch-and-the-wardrobe">the original</a> on 16 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trumpets+The+Lion+The+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe&rft.pub=TheBachelorGirl.com&rft.date=2005-12-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebachelorgirl.com%2F2005%2F218%2Ftrumpets-the-lion-the-witch-and-the-wardrobe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span> Evidently, "the Bachelor Girl" was a former member of the Trumpets cast.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David, B.J. [2002]. "Narnia Revisited". From a Filipino school newspaper, probably in translation, posted 12 September 2002 to a discussion forum at Pinoy Exchange (pinoyexchange.com/forums). Retrieved 2015-10-29. <br />  "Stephen Gresham, stepson of C.S. Lewis" saw the second staging by invitation and returned with his wife to see it again. "[T]his approval from the family and estate of the well-loved author is enough evidence that the Trumpets adaptations is at par with other versions."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See also blog reprint of local paper article at <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid2021" class="citation web cs1">David, BJ (24 May 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210628012635/https://www.pinoyexchange.com/discussion/111671/the-lion-the-witch-and-the-wardrobe-meralco-2002/p6">"The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe - Meralco, 2002 - Page 6 - Books and Literature"</a>. <i>PinoyExchange</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pinoyexchange.com/discussion/111671/the-lion-the-witch-and-the-wardrobe-meralco-2002/p6">the original</a> on 28 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PinoyExchange&rft.atitle=The+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe+-+Meralco%2C+2002+-+Page+6+-+Books+and+Literature&rft.date=2021-05-24&rft.aulast=David&rft.aufirst=BJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pinoyexchange.com%2Fdiscussion%2F111671%2Fthe-lion-the-witch-and-the-wardrobe-meralco-2002%2Fp6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span>. Article in English. Blog in Filipino.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarcia,_Rose2007" class="citation web cs1">Garcia, Rose (29 March 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pep.ph/news/12692/Is-Sam-Concepcion-the-next-Christian-Bautista">"Is Sam Concepcion the next Christian Bautista?"</a>. PEP (Philippine Entertainment Portal)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Is+Sam+Concepcion+the+next+Christian+Bautista%3F&rft.pub=PEP+%28Philippine+Entertainment+Portal%29&rft.date=2007-03-29&rft.au=Garcia%2C+Rose&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pep.ph%2Fnews%2F12692%2FIs-Sam-Concepcion-the-next-Christian-Bautista&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitchell1998" class="citation book cs1">Mitchell, Adrian (4 December 1998). <i>The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe: The Royal Shakespeare Company's Stage Adaptation. An Acting Edition</i>. Oberon Books Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84002-049-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84002-049-6"><bdi>978-1-84002-049-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe%3A+The+Royal+Shakespeare+Company%27s+Stage+Adaptation.+An+Acting+Edition&rft.pub=Oberon+Books+Ltd.&rft.date=1998-12-04&rft.isbn=978-1-84002-049-6&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/stage/2016/06/03/stratford-festival-puts-magic-of-narnia-onstage-review.html">"Stratford Festival puts magic of Narnia onstage: review"</a>. <i>thestar.com</i>. 3 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=thestar.com&rft.atitle=Stratford+Festival+puts+magic+of+Narnia+onstage%3A+review&rft.date=2016-06-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fentertainment%2Fstage%2F2016%2F06%2F03%2Fstratford-festival-puts-magic-of-narnia-onstage-review.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNestruck2016" class="citation news cs1">Nestruck, J. Kelly (3 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/theatre-and-performance/theatre-reviews/stratford-festivals-the-lion-the-witch-and-the-wardrobe-lacks-thrill/article30260704/">"Stratford Festival's The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe not for grown-ups"</a>. <i>The Globe and Mail</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Stratford+Festival%27s+The+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe+not+for+grown-ups&rft.date=2016-06-03&rft.aulast=Nestruck&rft.aufirst=J.+Kelly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Farts%2Ftheatre-and-performance%2Ftheatre-reviews%2Fstratford-festivals-the-lion-the-witch-and-the-wardrobe-lacks-thrill%2Farticle30260704%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurphy,_Jim2003" class="citation web cs1">Murphy, Jim (2 January 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/01/02/1041196697769.html">"Mythical, magical puppetry"</a>. <i>The Age (theage.com.au)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Age+%28theage.com.au%29&rft.atitle=Mythical%2C+magical+puppetry&rft.date=2003-01-02&rft.au=Murphy%2C+Jim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theage.com.au%2Farticles%2F2003%2F01%2F02%2F1041196697769.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYench,_Belinda" class="citation web cs1">Yench, Belinda. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070908234841/http://www.theblurb.com.au/Issue35/LWW.htm">"Welcome to the lion's den"</a>. <i>The Blurb [Australian arts and entertainment] (theblurb.com.au)</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theblurb.com.au/Issue35/LWW.htm">the original</a> on 8 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Blurb+%5BAustralian+arts+and+entertainment%5D+%28theblurb.com.au%29&rft.atitle=Welcome+to+the+lion%27s+den&rft.au=Yench%2C+Belinda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theblurb.com.au%2FIssue35%2FLWW.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span>. This review mistakenly identifies C. S. Lewis as the author of <i>Alice in Wonderland</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuittner" class="citation web cs1">Quittner, Charles. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.broadwayworld.com/off-broadway/article/BWW-Reviews-THE-LION-THE-WITCH-AND-THE-WARDROBE-is-Cute-and-Compact-20111024">"The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe Is Cute and Compact"</a>. <i>Broadway World</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Broadway+World&rft.atitle=The+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe+Is+Cute+and+Compact&rft.aulast=Quittner&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.broadwayworld.com%2Foff-broadway%2Farticle%2FBWW-Reviews-THE-LION-THE-WITCH-AND-THE-WARDROBE-is-Cute-and-Compact-20111024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2015">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraeber,_Laurel2014" class="citation news cs1">Graeber, Laurel (4 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/05/arts/spare-times-for-children-for-sept-5-11.html">"Spare Times for Children for 5-11 Sept"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Spare+Times+for+Children+for+5-11+Sept.&rft.date=2014-09-04&rft.au=Graeber%2C+Laurel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F09%2F05%2Farts%2Fspare-times-for-children-for-sept-5-11.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBillington2012" class="citation web cs1">Billington, Michael (31 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2012/may/31/lion-witch-wardrobe-review">"The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe – review"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe+%E2%80%93+review&rft.date=2012-05-31&rft.aulast=Billington&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fstage%2F2012%2Fmay%2F31%2Flion-witch-wardrobe-review&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrueman2017" class="citation web cs1">Trueman, Matt (7 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whatsonstage.com/leeds-theatre/reviews/lion-witch-wardrobe-west-yorkshire-playhouse-sally-cookson_45310.html">"The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe – review"</a>. <i>Whatsonstage</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Whatsonstage&rft.atitle=The+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe+%E2%80%93+review&rft.date=2017-12-07&rft.aulast=Trueman&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whatsonstage.com%2Fleeds-theatre%2Freviews%2Flion-witch-wardrobe-west-yorkshire-playhouse-sally-cookson_45310.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker-Cook,_Anthony2019" class="citation news cs1">Walker-Cook, Anthony (25 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.broadwayworld.com/westend/article/BWW-Review-THE-LION-THE-WARDROBE-AND-THE-WARDROBE-Bridge-Theatre-2019112527">"BWW Review: THE LION, THE WITCH AND THE WARDROBE, Bridge Theatre"</a>. <i>Broadway World</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Broadway+World&rft.atitle=BWW+Review%3A+THE+LION%2C+THE+WITCH+AND+THE+WARDROBE%2C+Bridge+Theatre&rft.date=2019-11-25&rft.au=Walker-Cook%2C+Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.broadwayworld.com%2Fwestend%2Farticle%2FBWW-Review-THE-LION-THE-WARDROBE-AND-THE-WARDROBE-Bridge-Theatre-2019112527&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWood2021" class="citation web cs1">Wood, Alex (19 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whatsonstage.com/manchester-theatre/news/the-lion-the-witch-and-the-wardrobe-tour_55369.html">"The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe tour reveals first look and additional dates"</a>. <i>Whatsonstage</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Whatsonstage&rft.atitle=The+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe+tour+reveals+first+look+and+additional+dates&rft.date=2021-11-19&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whatsonstage.com%2Fmanchester-theatre%2Fnews%2Fthe-lion-the-witch-and-the-wardrobe-tour_55369.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBosanquet2022" class="citation web cs1">Bosanquet, Theo (20 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whatsonstage.com/london-theatre/news/the-lion-the-witch-and-the-wardrobe-west-end_56557.html">"The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe transferring to West End this summer"</a>. <i>Whatsonstage</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Whatsonstage&rft.atitle=The+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe+transferring+to+West+End+this+summer&rft.date=2022-05-20&rft.aulast=Bosanquet&rft.aufirst=Theo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whatsonstage.com%2Flondon-theatre%2Fnews%2Fthe-lion-the-witch-and-the-wardrobe-west-end_56557.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCulwell-Block2022" class="citation web cs1">Culwell-Block, Logan (28 July 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://playbill.com/article/step-through-the-wardrobe-into-narnia-with-new-pictures-from-the-lion-the-witch-and-the-wardrobe-in-londons-west-end">"Step Through the Wardrobe Into Narnia With New Pictures From The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe in London's West End"</a>. <i>Playbill</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Playbill&rft.atitle=Step+Through+the+Wardrobe+Into+Narnia+With+New+Pictures+From+The+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe+in+London%27s+West+End&rft.date=2022-07-28&rft.aulast=Culwell-Block&rft.aufirst=Logan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplaybill.com%2Farticle%2Fstep-through-the-wardrobe-into-narnia-with-new-pictures-from-the-lion-the-witch-and-the-wardrobe-in-londons-west-end&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://movies.disney.com/the-chronicles-of-narnia-the-lion-the-witch-and-the-wardrobe">Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe</a> Disney, Retrieved May 27, 2022</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJosh_Friedman2008" class="citation news cs1">Josh Friedman (16 May 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-projector16-2008may16,0,2777831.story">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Prince Caspian' will rule at the box office"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=%27Prince+Caspian%27+will+rule+at+the+box+office&rft.date=2008-05-16&rft.au=Josh+Friedman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fbusiness%2Fla-fi-projector16-2008may16%2C0%2C2777831.story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ign.com/articles/2009/01/29/fox-goes-to-narnia">"Fox Goes to Narnia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/IGN" title="IGN">IGN</a>. 29 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Fox+Goes+to+Narnia&rft.date=2009-01-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ign.com%2Farticles%2F2009%2F01%2F29%2Ffox-goes-to-narnia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lion,_the_Witch_and_the_Wardrobe&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFord2005" class="citation book cs1">Ford, Paul F. (2005). <i>Companion to Narnia: Revised Edition</i>. San Francisco: <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-079127-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-079127-8"><bdi>978-0-06-079127-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Companion+to+Narnia%3A+Revised+Edition&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-06-079127-8&rft.aulast=Ford&rft.aufirst=Paul+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Hooper, Walter, ed. (1982). <i>On Stories and Other Essays on Literature</i>. By C. S. Lewis. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-15-668788-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-15-668788-7">0-15-668788-7</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchakel2002" class="citation book cs1">Schakel, Peter J. (2002). <i>Imagination and the arts in C. S. Lewis: journeying to Narnia and other worlds</i>. University of Missouri Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8262-1407-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8262-1407-2"><bdi>978-0-8262-1407-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imagination+and+the+arts+in+C.+S.+Lewis%3A+journeying+to+Narnia+and+other+worlds&rft.pub=University+of+Missouri+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8262-1407-2&rft.aulast=Schakel&rft.aufirst=Peter+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVeith2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gene_Edward_Veith" title="Gene Edward Veith">Veith, Gene</a> (2008). <i>The Soul of Prince Caspian: Exploring Spiritual Truth in the Land of Narnia</i>. David C. Cook. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7814-4528-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7814-4528-3"><bdi>978-0-7814-4528-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Soul+of+Prince+Caspian%3A+Exploring+Spiritual+Truth+in+the+Land+of+Narnia&rft.pub=David+C.+Cook&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7814-4528-3&rft.aulast=Veith&rft.aufirst=Gene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lion,_the_Witch_and_the_Wardrobe&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSammons1979" class="citation book cs1">Sammons, Martha C. (1979). <i>A Guide Through Narnia</i>. Wheaton, Illinois: Harold Shaw Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87788-325-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87788-325-8"><bdi>978-0-87788-325-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Guide+Through+Narnia&rft.place=Wheaton%2C+Illinois&rft.pub=Harold+Shaw+Publishers&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-87788-325-8&rft.aulast=Sammons&rft.aufirst=Martha+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDowning2005" class="citation book cs1">Downing, David C. (2005). <i>Into the Wardrobe: C. S. Lewis and the Narnia Chronicles</i>. San Francisco: <a href="/wiki/Jossey-Bass" class="mw-redirect" title="Jossey-Bass">Jossey-Bass</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7879-7890-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7879-7890-7"><bdi>978-0-7879-7890-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Into+the+Wardrobe%3A+C.+S.+Lewis+and+the+Narnia+Chronicles&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pub=Jossey-Bass&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7879-7890-7&rft.aulast=Downing&rft.aufirst=David+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRykenMeadLamp2005" class="citation book cs1">Ryken, Leland; Mead, and; Lamp, Marjorie (2005). <i>A Reader's Guide Through the Wardrobe: Exploring C. S. Lewis's Classic Story</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/InterVarsity_Press" title="InterVarsity Press">InterVarsity Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8308-3289-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8308-3289-7"><bdi>978-0-8308-3289-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Reader%27s+Guide+Through+the+Wardrobe%3A+Exploring+C.+S.+Lewis%27s+Classic+Story&rft.place=London&rft.pub=InterVarsity+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8308-3289-7&rft.aulast=Ryken&rft.aufirst=Leland&rft.au=Mead%2C+and&rft.au=Lamp%2C+Marjorie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lion%2C+the+Witch+and+the+Wardrobe" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lion,_the_Witch_and_the_Wardrobe&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/The_Lion,_the_Witch_and_the_Wardrobe" class="extiw" title="q:The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe">The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fadedpage.com/showbook.php?pid=201410B2"><i>The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/Distributed_Proofreaders_Canada" title="Distributed Proofreaders Canada">Faded Page</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/224459031">The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe</a> in libraries (<a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat</a> catalog) —immediately, the full-colour C. 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Lewis centenary edition</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/title.cgi?1629"><i>The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe</i></a> title listing at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Speculative_Fiction_Database" title="Internet Speculative Fiction Database">Internet Speculative Fiction Database</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_Chronicles_of_Narnia_by_C._S._Lewis" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Narnia" title="Template:Narnia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Narnia" title="Template talk:Narnia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Narnia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Narnia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Chronicles_of_Narnia_by_C._S._Lewis" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Chronicles_of_Narnia" title="The Chronicles of Narnia">The Chronicles of Narnia</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/C._S._Lewis" title="C. S. Lewis">C. S. Lewis</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prince_Caspian" title="Prince Caspian">Prince Caspian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Voyage_of_the_Dawn_Treader" title="The Voyage of the Dawn Treader">The Voyage of the Dawn Treader</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Silver_Chair" title="The Silver Chair">The Silver Chair</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Horse_and_His_Boy" title="The Horse and His Boy">The Horse and His Boy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Magician%27s_Nephew" title="The Magician's Nephew">The Magician's Nephew</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Battle" title="The Last Battle">The Last Battle</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adaptations_of_The_Chronicles_of_Narnia" title="Adaptations of The Chronicles of Narnia">Adaptations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Lion,_the_Witch_and_the_Wardrobe_(1967_TV_serial)" title="The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (1967 TV serial)">1967 TV serial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lion,_the_Witch_and_the_Wardrobe_(1979_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (1979 film)">1979 animated special</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Chronicles_of_Narnia_(TV_series)" title="The Chronicles of Narnia (TV series)">1988–1990 BBC series</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lion,_the_Witch_and_the_Wardrobe_(1988_TV_serial)" title="The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (1988 TV serial)">The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prince_Caspian_and_The_Voyage_of_the_Dawn_Treader_(1989_TV_serial)" title="Prince Caspian and The Voyage of the Dawn Treader (1989 TV serial)">Prince Caspian and the Voyage of the Dawn Treader</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Silver_Chair_(1990_TV_serial)" title="The Silver Chair (1990 TV serial)">The Silver Chair</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Chronicles_of_Narnia_(film_series)" title="The Chronicles of Narnia (film series)">Film series</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Chronicles_of_Narnia:_The_Lion,_the_Witch_and_the_Wardrobe" title="The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe">The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Chronicles_of_Narnia:_The_Lion,_the_Witch_and_the_Wardrobe_(soundtrack)" title="The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journey_into_Narnia:_Creating_The_Lion,_the_Witch,_and_the_Wardrobe" title="Journey into Narnia: Creating The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe">attraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Chronicles_of_Narnia:_The_Lion,_the_Witch_and_the_Wardrobe_(video_game)" title="The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (video game)">video game</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Chronicles_of_Narnia:_Prince_Caspian" title="The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian">Prince Caspian</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Chronicles_of_Narnia:_Prince_Caspian_(soundtrack)" title="The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journey_into_Narnia:_Prince_Caspian" title="Journey into Narnia: Prince Caspian">attraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Chronicles_of_Narnia:_Prince_Caspian_(video_game)" title="The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian (video game)">video game</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Chronicles_of_Narnia:_The_Voyage_of_the_Dawn_Treader" title="The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader">The Voyage of the Dawn Treader</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Chronicles_of_Narnia:_The_Voyage_of_the_Dawn_Treader_(soundtrack)" title="The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_The_Chronicles_of_Narnia_(film_series)_cast_members" title="List of The Chronicles of Narnia (film series) cast members">Cast list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_The_Chronicles_of_Narnia_film_series" title="Music of The Chronicles of Narnia film series">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_accolades_received_by_The_Chronicles_of_Narnia_film_series" title="List of accolades received by The Chronicles of Narnia film series">Accolades</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_The_Chronicles_of_Narnia_characters" title="List of The Chronicles of Narnia characters">Characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aravis" title="Aravis">Aravis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aslan" title="Aslan">Aslan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bree_(Narnia)" title="Bree (Narnia)">Bree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Caspian_(character)" title="Prince Caspian (character)">Caspian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coriakin" title="Coriakin">Coriakin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digory_Kirke" title="Digory Kirke">Digory Kirke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Drinian" title="Lord Drinian">Lord Drinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Pevensie" title="Edmund Pevensie">Edmund Pevensie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emeth" title="Emeth">Emeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eustace_Scrubb" title="Eustace Scrubb">Eustace Scrubb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hwin" title="Hwin">Hwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Pole" title="Jill Pole">Jill Pole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_of_the_Green_Kirtle" title="Lady of the Green Kirtle">Lady of the Green Kirtle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Pevensie" title="Lucy Pevensie">Lucy Pevensie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maugrim" title="Maugrim">Maugrim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miraz" title="Miraz">Miraz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Pevensie" title="Peter Pevensie">Peter Pevensie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polly_Plummer" title="Polly Plummer">Polly Plummer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puddleglum" title="Puddleglum">Puddleglum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramandu" title="Ramandu">Ramandu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramandu%27s_daughter" title="Ramandu's daughter">Ramandu's daughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reepicheep" title="Reepicheep">Reepicheep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rilian" title="Rilian">Rilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Great_Lords_of_Narnia" title="Seven Great Lords of Narnia">Seven Great Lords of Narnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shasta_(Narnia)" title="Shasta (Narnia)">Shasta/Cor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shift_(Narnia)" title="Shift (Narnia)">Shift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Pevensie" title="Susan Pevensie">Susan Pevensie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tash_(Narnia)" title="Tash (Narnia)">Tash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telmarines" title="Telmarines">Telmarines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirian" title="Tirian">Tirian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trumpkin" title="Trumpkin">Trumpkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr._Tumnus" title="Mr. Tumnus">Mr. Tumnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Witch" title="White Witch">White Witch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narnia_(world)" title="Narnia (world)">Narnia (world)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_Table" title="Stone Table">Aslan's How</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calormen" title="Calormen">Calormen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charn" title="Charn">Charn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underland_(Narnia)" title="Underland (Narnia)">Underland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Narnia" title="Outline of Narnia">General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deplorable_Word" title="Deplorable Word">Deplorable Word</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_in_The_Chronicles_of_Narnia" title="Food in The Chronicles of Narnia">Food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_creatures_in_The_Chronicles_of_Narnia" title="Magical creatures in The Chronicles of Narnia">Magical creatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_The_Chronicles_of_Narnia" title="Religion in The Chronicles of Narnia">Religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:The_Chronicles_of_Narnia" title="Category:The Chronicles of Narnia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Narnia" title="Outline of Narnia">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="C._S._Lewis" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:C._S._Lewis" title="Template:C. S. Lewis"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:C._S._Lewis" title="Template talk:C. S. Lewis"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:C._S._Lewis" title="Special:EditPage/Template:C. S. Lewis"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="C._S._Lewis" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/C._S._Lewis" title="C. S. Lewis">C. S. Lewis</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/C._S._Lewis_bibliography" title="C. S. Lewis bibliography">Bibliography</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poetry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Spirits_in_Bondage" title="Spirits in Bondage">Spirits in Bondage</a></i> (1919)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Reason_(poem)" title="Reason (poem)">Reason</a>" (c. 1925)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dymer_(poem)" title="Dymer (poem)">Dymer</a></i> (1926)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fiction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pilgrim%27s_Regress" title="The Pilgrim's Regress">The Pilgrim's Regress</a></i> (1933)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Screwtape_Letters" title="The Screwtape Letters">The Screwtape Letters</a></i> (1942)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Divorce" title="The Great Divorce">The Great Divorce</a></i> (1945)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Till_We_Have_Faces" title="Till We Have Faces">Till We Have Faces</a></i> (1956)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Screwtape_Proposes_a_Toast" class="mw-redirect" title="Screwtape Proposes a Toast">Screwtape Proposes a Toast</a>" (1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Letters_to_Malcolm" title="Letters to Malcolm">Letters to Malcolm</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boxen_(C._S._Lewis)" title="Boxen (C. S. Lewis)">Boxen</a></i> (1985)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Space_Trilogy" title="The Space Trilogy">The Space Trilogy</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Out_of_the_Silent_Planet" title="Out of the Silent Planet">Out of the Silent Planet</a></i> (1938)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Perelandra" title="Perelandra">Perelandra</a></i> (1943)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/That_Hideous_Strength" title="That Hideous Strength">That Hideous Strength</a></i> (1945)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Tower_(Lewis_novel)" title="The Dark Tower (Lewis novel)">The Dark Tower</a></i> (manuscript) (1977)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Chronicles_of_Narnia" title="The Chronicles of Narnia">The Chronicles<br />of Narnia</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe</a></i> (1950)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prince_Caspian" title="Prince Caspian">Prince Caspian</a></i> (1951)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Voyage_of_the_Dawn_Treader" title="The Voyage of the Dawn Treader">The Voyage of the Dawn Treader</a></i> (1952)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Silver_Chair" title="The Silver Chair">The Silver Chair</a></i> (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Horse_and_His_Boy" title="The Horse and His Boy">The Horse and His Boy</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Magician%27s_Nephew" title="The Magician's Nephew">The Magician's Nephew</a></i> (1955)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Battle" title="The Last Battle">The Last Battle</a></i> (1956)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-fiction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Allegory_of_Love" title="The Allegory of Love">The Allegory of Love</a></i> (1936)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Personal_Heresy" title="The Personal Heresy">The Personal Heresy</a></i> (1939)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Problem_of_Pain" title="The Problem of Pain">The Problem of Pain</a></i> (1940)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Preface_to_Paradise_Lost" title="A Preface to Paradise Lost">A Preface to Paradise Lost</a></i> (1942)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Abolition_of_Man" title="The Abolition of Man">The Abolition of Man</a></i> (1943)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Miracles_(book)" title="Miracles (book)">Miracles</a></i> (1947)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Weight_of_Glory_and_Other_Addresses" title="The Weight of Glory and Other Addresses">The Weight of Glory and Other Addresses</a></i> (1949/1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mere_Christianity" title="Mere Christianity">Mere Christianity</a></i> (1952)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Surprised_by_Joy" title="Surprised by Joy">Surprised by Joy</a></i> (1955)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reflections_on_the_Psalms&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reflections on the Psalms (page does not exist)">Reflections on the Psalms</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Four_Loves" title="The Four Loves">The Four Loves</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Studies_in_Words" title="Studies in Words">Studies in Words</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_World%27s_Last_Night_and_Other_Essays" title="The World's Last Night and Other Essays">The World's Last Night and Other Essays</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Experiment_in_Criticism" title="An Experiment in Criticism">An Experiment in Criticism</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Grief_Observed" title="A Grief Observed">A Grief Observed</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/They_Asked_for_a_Paper" title="They Asked for a Paper">They Asked for a Paper</a></i> (1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Layamon%27s_Brut" title="Layamon's Brut">Selections from Layamon's Brut</a></i> (1963)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Letters_to_Malcolm" title="Letters to Malcolm">Letters to Malcolm</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Discarded_Image" title="The Discarded Image">The Discarded Image</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Of_Other_Worlds" title="Of Other Worlds">Of Other Worlds</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/God_in_the_Dock" title="God in the Dock">God in the Dock</a></i> (1970–1971)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joy_Davidman" title="Joy Davidman">Joy Davidman</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Gresham" title="Douglas Gresham">Douglas Gresham</a> (stepson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Lewis" title="Warren Lewis">Warren Lewis</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Kilns" title="The Kilns">The Kilns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis%27s_trilemma" title="Lewis's trilemma">Lewis's trilemma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Inklings" class="mw-redirect" title="The Inklings">The Inklings</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Language_and_Human_Nature" title="Language and Human Nature">Language and Human Nature</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CS_Lewis_Nature_Reserve" title="CS Lewis Nature Reserve">CS Lewis Nature Reserve</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shadowlands_(1985_film)" title="Shadowlands (1985 film)">Shadowlands</a></i> (1985 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shadowlands_(play)" title="Shadowlands (play)">Shadowlands</a></i> (1989 play)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shadowlands_(1993_film)" title="Shadowlands (1993 film)">Shadowlands</a></i> (1993 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Most_Reluctant_Convert" title="The Most Reluctant Convert">The Most Reluctant Convert</a></i> (2021 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Freud%27s_Last_Session" title="Freud's Last Session">Freud's Last Session</a></i> (2023 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 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.navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Tom_Sawyer_1876_frontispiece.jpg/14px-Tom_Sawyer_1876_frontispiece.jpg" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Tom_Sawyer_1876_frontispiece.jpg/21px-Tom_Sawyer_1876_frontispiece.jpg 1.5x, 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Book_collection.jpg/32px-Book_collection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Book_collection.jpg/42px-Book_collection.jpg 2x" data-file-width="299" data-file-height="238" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Novels" title="Portal:Novels">Novels</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485093#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" 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href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/7548964-8">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no97081413">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX2054247">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007599624705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/work/8fe262f7-0568-4b30-a1f4-7ad8f10edebf">MusicBrainz work</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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