CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="tg" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Турби кӯҳӣ — Википедия</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )tgwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy" ,"wgMonthNames":["","Январ","Феврал","Март","Апрел","Май","Июн","Июл","август","сентябр","Октябр","ноябр","Декабр"],"wgRequestId":"a64f5292-9da5-4ec0-bd8b-1294a7873cf0","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Турби_кӯҳӣ","wgTitle":"Турби кӯҳӣ","wgCurRevisionId":1351994,"wgRevisionId":1351994,"wgArticleId":308309,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Мақолаҳое, ки бар асоси маводи ЭСТ навишта шудаанд","Википедия:Мақолаҳои зистшинохтӣ бидуни таксошаблон","Гиёҳон аз рӯи алифбо","Биологические статьи, где отсутствует перенаправление с латинского названия таксона"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"tg", "wgPageContentLanguage":"tg","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Турби_кӯҳӣ","wgRelevantArticleId":308309,"wgUserVariant":"tg","wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"tg","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"tg"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":5000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q26545","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness", "fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.collapserefs","ext.gadget.directLinkToCommons","ext.gadget.logo","ext.gadget.edittop","ext.gadget.blpEditNotice","ext.gadget.wikibugs", "ext.gadget.sidebarRelated","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=tg&modules=ext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=tg&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=tg&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=tg&modules=noscript&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"></noscript> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Armoracia_rusticana_kz03.jpg/1200px-Armoracia_rusticana_kz03.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1680"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Armoracia_rusticana_kz03.jpg/800px-Armoracia_rusticana_kz03.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1120"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Armoracia_rusticana_kz03.jpg/640px-Armoracia_rusticana_kz03.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="896"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Турби кӯҳӣ — Википедия"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//tg.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D3%AF%D2%B3%D3%A3"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="вироиш" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D3%AF%D2%B3%D3%A3&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Википедиа (tg)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//tg.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D3%AF%D2%B3%D3%A3"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="tg" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D3%AF%D2%B3%D3%A3"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="tg-Latn" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D3%AF%D2%B3%D3%A3&variant=tg-latn"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D3%AF%D2%B3%D3%A3"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.tg"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Барои Википедиа Atom Хабархон" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Турби_кӯҳӣ rootpage-Турби_кӯҳӣ skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Оғоза" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Оғоза</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Оғоза</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">Пинҳон кардан</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Гаштан </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D3%A3" title="Бозгашт ба саҳифаи аслӣ [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Саҳифаи аслӣ</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0:%D0%92%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Дар бораи лоиҳа ва чи корҳоро метавонед кард"><span>Вуруди корбарон</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D2%9B%D0%B5%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BD%D3%A3" title="Ёфтани иттилооти пешзамина перомуни рӯйдодҳои кунунӣ"><span>Рӯйдодҳои кунунӣ</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Рӯйхати тағйиротҳо дар Википедия [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Тағйироти охирин</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%84%D3%A3" title="Овардани як саҳифаи тасодуфӣ [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Саҳифаҳои тасодуфӣ</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Гузаштан ба Роҳнамо."><span>Роҳнамо</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D3%A3" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Википедиа" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-tg.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.1875em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="донишномаи озод" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-tg.svg" width="120" height="12" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.75em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D2%B6%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D2%B7%D3%AF" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Ҷустуҷӯ дар Википедиа [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Ҷустуҷӯ</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Ҷустуҷӯ дар Википедиа" aria-label="Ҷустуҷӯ дар Википедиа" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Ҷустуҷӯ дар Википедиа [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Вижа:Ҷустуҷӯ"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Ҷустуҷӯ</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Абзорҳои шахсӣ"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Зоҳир"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Зоҳир" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Зоҳир</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tg.wikipedia.org&uselang=tg" class=""><span>Кумаки молӣ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D3%A3&returnto=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8+%D0%BA%D3%AF%D2%B3%D3%A3" title="Мо ба шумо пешниҳод мекунем, то ҳисоб эҷод намоед ва ба система вортд шавед, ин ҳатмӣ нест" class=""><span>Эҷоди ҳисоб</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%92%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4&returnto=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8+%D0%BA%D3%AF%D2%B3%D3%A3" title="Тавсия мешавад ки ба система ворид шавед, лекин маҷбурӣ нест. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Вуруд</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Абзорҳои шахсӣ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Абзорҳои шахсӣ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tg.wikipedia.org&uselang=tg"><span>Кумаки молӣ</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D3%A3&returnto=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8+%D0%BA%D3%AF%D2%B3%D3%A3" title="Мо ба шумо пешниҳод мекунем, то ҳисоб эҷод намоед ва ба система вортд шавед, ин ҳатмӣ нест"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Эҷоди ҳисоб</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%92%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4&returnto=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8+%D0%BA%D3%AF%D2%B3%D3%A3" title="Тавсия мешавад ки ба система ворид шавед, лекин маҷбурӣ нест. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Вуруд</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D2%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Саҳмгузориҳо</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%B3%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Баҳси пиромуни вироишҳо аз ин нишонаи IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Баҳс</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Муҳтавоҳо" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Муҳтавоҳо</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">Пинҳон кардан</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Ибтидо</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Тавсифоти_гиёҳшинохтӣ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Тавсифоти_гиёҳшинохтӣ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Тавсифоти гиёҳшинохтӣ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Тавсифоти_гиёҳшинохтӣ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Хосиятҳои_доруӣ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Хосиятҳои_доруӣ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Хосиятҳои доруӣ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Хосиятҳои_доруӣ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Эзоҳ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Эзоҳ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Эзоҳ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Эзоҳ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Адабиёт" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Адабиёт"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Адабиёт</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Адабиёт-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Муҳтавоҳо" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Турби кӯҳӣ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 76 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-76" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">76 забон</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peperwortel" title="Peperwortel – африкаанс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Peperwortel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AC%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A" title="فجل الخيل الريفي – арабӣ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فجل الخيل الريفي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AC%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%89" title="فجل الخيل الريفى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فجل الخيل الريفى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armoracia_rusticana" title="Armoracia rusticana – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Armoracia rusticana" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adi_q%C4%B1t%C4%B1qotu" title="Adi qıtıqotu – озарбойҷонӣ" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Adi qıtıqotu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="озарбойҷонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%92%D8%AA%D9%88" title="عادی قیتیق اوْتو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="عادی قیتیق اوْتو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BD" title="Керән – бошқирдӣ" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Керән" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="бошқирдӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kren" title="Kren – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Kren" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C4%97ins" title="Krėins – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Krėins" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Хрэн звычайны – белорусӣ" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хрэн звычайны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белорусӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hren" title="Hren – босниягӣ" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hren" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босниягӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rave_rustic%C3%A0" title="Rave rusticà – каталонӣ" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Rave rusticà" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armoracia_rusticana" title="Armoracia rusticana – себуано" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Armoracia rusticana" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="себуано" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%99en_selsk%C3%BD" title="Křen selský – чехӣ" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Křen selský" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чехӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%C4%95%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Хĕрен – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хĕрен" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peberrod" title="Peberrod – даниягӣ" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Peberrod" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="даниягӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meerrettich" title="Meerrettich – немисӣ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Meerrettich" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немисӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%BF" title="Χρένο – юнонӣ" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χρένο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="юнонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horseradish" title="Horseradish – Англисӣ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Horseradish" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Англисӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreno" title="Kreno – эсперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kreno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armoracia_rusticana" title="Armoracia rusticana – испанӣ" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Armoracia rusticana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испанӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aed-m%C3%A4dar%C3%B5igas" title="Aed-mädarõigas – эстонӣ" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Aed-mädarõigas" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errefau_min" title="Errefau min – баскӣ" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Errefau min" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A8_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%87%DB%8C" title="ترب کوهی – форсӣ" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ترب کوهی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="форсӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piparjuuri" title="Piparjuuri – финӣ" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Piparjuuri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="финӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raifort" title="Raifort – франсузӣ" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Raifort" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="франсузӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B6berrut" title="Pöberrut – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Pöberrut" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armoracia_rusticana" title="Armoracia rusticana – галисиягӣ" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Armoracia rusticana" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисиягӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94" title="חזרת הגינה – ибронӣ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חזרת הגינה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ибронӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hren_ljuti" title="Hren ljuti – хорватӣ" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hren ljuti" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорватӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chr%C4%9Bn" title="Chrěn – сербии болоӣ" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Chrěn" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="сербии болоӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torma" title="Torma – маҷорӣ" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Torma" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="маҷорӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%AE%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%B9_%D5%BD%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Կծվիչ սովորական – арманӣ" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կծվիչ սովորական" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="арманӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobak_pedas" title="Lobak pedas – индонезӣ" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lobak pedas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armoracio" title="Armoracio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Armoracio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piparr%C3%B3t" title="Piparrót – исландӣ" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Piparrót" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armoracia_rusticana" title="Armoracia rusticana – италиявӣ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Armoracia rusticana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="италиявӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9B%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%A9%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%83%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5" title="ホースラディッシュ – японӣ" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ホースラディッシュ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%9B%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Ақжелкек – қазоқӣ" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ақжелкек" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="қазоқӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B2%A8%EC%9E%90%EB%AC%B4" title="겨자무 – кореягӣ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="겨자무" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="кореягӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armoracia_rusticana" title="Armoracia rusticana – лотинӣ" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Armoracia rusticana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="лотинӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mieraedig" title="Mieraedig – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Mieraedig" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rava" title="Rava – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Rava" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valgomasis_krienas" title="Valgomasis krienas – литвонӣ" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Valgomasis krienas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литвонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81rrutks" title="Mārrutks – латишӣ" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mārrutks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латишӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Рен – мақдунӣ" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Рен" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="мақдунӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%B8%D1%80%D3%93%D0%BD" title="Ӹрӓн – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Ӹрӓн" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobak_kuda" title="Lobak kuda – малайӣ" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lobak kuda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%91%D0%BD" title="Крён – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Крён" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mierik" title="Mierik – голландӣ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mierik" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="голландӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peparrot" title="Peparrot – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Peparrot" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepperrot" title="Pepperrot – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pepperrot" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%82%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туттургъан – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Туттургъан" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrzan_pospolity" title="Chrzan pospolity – лаҳистонӣ" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chrzan pospolity" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="лаҳистонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armoracia_rusticana" title="Armoracia rusticana – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Armoracia rusticana" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armoracia_rusticana" title="Armoracia rusticana – португалӣ" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Armoracia rusticana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португалӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hrean" title="Hrean – руминӣ" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hrean" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="руминӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olmu" title="Olmu – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Olmu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Хрен – русӣ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хрен" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="русӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reidcoll" title="Reidcoll – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Reidcoll" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hren" title="Hren – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hren" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horseradish" title="Horseradish – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Horseradish" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chren_dedinsk%C3%BD" title="Chren dedinský – словакӣ" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Chren dedinský" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словакӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navadni_hren" title="Navadni hren – словенӣ" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Navadni hren" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rrepa_pikante" title="Rrepa pikante – албанӣ" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Rrepa pikante" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албанӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Хрен – сербӣ" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хрен" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepparrot" title="Pepparrot – шведӣ" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pepparrot" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay%C4%B1r_turpu" title="Bayır turpu – туркӣ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bayır turpu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="туркӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Хрін звичайний – украинӣ" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хрін звичайний" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украинӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cren" title="Cren – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Cren" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armoracia_rusticana" title="Armoracia rusticana – ветнамӣ" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Armoracia rusticana" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ветнамӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armoracia_rusticana" title="Armoracia rusticana – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Armoracia rusticana" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%A3%E6%A0%B9" title="辣根 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="辣根" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F" title="כריין – идиш" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="כריין" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="идиш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%A3%E6%A0%B9" title="辣根 – хитоӣ" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="辣根" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="хитоӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E5%B1%B1%E8%91%B5" title="西洋山葵 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="西洋山葵" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q26545#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Таҳрири пайвандҳои байнизабонӣ" class="wbc-editpage">Вироиши пайвандҳо</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Фазоҳои ном"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D3%AF%D2%B3%D3%A3" title="Намоиши таркиби саҳифа [c]" accesskey="c"><span>мақола</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%B3%D1%81:%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D3%AF%D2%B3%D3%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Баҳси матни таркибии ин саҳифа (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>мубоҳисавӣ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">кирилликӣ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-tg mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D3%AF%D2%B3%D3%A3&variant=tg" lang="tg" hreflang="tg"><span>кирилликӣ</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-tg-Latn mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D3%AF%D2%B3%D3%A3&variant=tg-latn" lang="tg-Latn" hreflang="tg-Latn"><span>lotinī</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Назарот"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D3%AF%D2%B3%D3%A3"><span>Хондан</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D3%AF%D2%B3%D3%A3&veaction=edit" title="Вироиши ин саҳифа [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Вироиш</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D3%AF%D2%B3%D3%A3&action=edit" title="Вироиши манбаъи ин саҳифа [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Вироиши манбаъ</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D3%AF%D2%B3%D3%A3&action=history" title="Нусхаи охирини ин саҳифа. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Намоиши таърих</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ҷаъбаи абзор" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ҷаъбаи абзор</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Абзорҳо</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">Пинҳон кардан</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D3%AF%D2%B3%D3%A3"><span>Хондан</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D3%AF%D2%B3%D3%A3&veaction=edit" title="Вироиши ин саҳифа [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Вироиш</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D3%AF%D2%B3%D3%A3&action=edit" title="Вироиши манбаъи ин саҳифа [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Вироиши манбаъ</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D3%AF%D2%B3%D3%A3&action=history"><span>Намоиши таърих</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Умумӣ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D2%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D2%B7%D0%BE/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D3%AF%D2%B3%D3%A3" title="Рӯйхати ҳамаи саҳифаҳое, ки ба ин саҳифа пайванд доранд [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Пайвандҳо ба ин саҳифа</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D3%AF%D2%B3%D3%A3" rel="nofollow" title="Тағйироти охир ин саҳифаҳое, ки ин саҳифа ба онҳо пайванд дорад [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Тағйироти монандӣ</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=tg" title="Фиристодани аксҳо ё медиа-файлҳо [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Фиристодани парванда</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Рӯйхати ҳамаи саҳифаҳои вижа [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Саҳифаҳои вижа</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D3%AF%D2%B3%D3%A3&oldid=1351994" title="Пайванди доимӣ ба ин нусха аз ин саҳифа"><span>Пайванди доимӣ</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D3%AF%D2%B3%D3%A3&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Иттилооти саҳифа</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:CiteThisPage&page=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D3%AF%D2%B3%D3%A3&id=1351994&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Ёд кардани пайванди ин мақола</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftg.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%25A2%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B8_%25D0%25BA%25D3%25AF%25D2%25B3%25D3%25A3"><span>Гирифтани URL-и кӯтоҳшуда</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftg.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%25A2%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B8_%25D0%25BA%25D3%25AF%25D2%25B3%25D3%25A3"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D3%AF%D2%B3%D3%A3&action=show-download-screen"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="Нусхаи чопии ин саҳифа [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Нусхаи чопӣ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Дигар лоиҳаҳо </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Armoracia_rusticana" hreflang="en"><span>Викианбор</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Armoracia_rusticana" hreflang="en"><span>Викинамуд</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q26545" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Элементи Викидода</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Зоҳир"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Зоҳир</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">Пинҳон кардан</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Мавод аз Википедиа — донишномаи озод</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tg" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1231512">.mw-parser-output .ts-Taxonomy-rang-label{text-align:right;vertical-align:top;padding-right:0.3em!important;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .ts-Taxonomy-rang-name{text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ts-Taxonomy-rang-label{width:40%!important}}</style> <table class="infobox infobox-75a807e0e813d875" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; width:275px;" data-name="Таксон"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" scope="colgroup" class="infobox-above" style="background:#90ee90;font-size:130%;">Росан</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style=""> <span data-wikidata-property-id="P18" class="no-wikidata"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81:Armoracia_rusticana_kz03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Росан" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Armoracia_rusticana_kz03.jpg/275px-Armoracia_rusticana_kz03.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="385" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Armoracia_rusticana_kz03.jpg/413px-Armoracia_rusticana_kz03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Armoracia_rusticana_kz03.jpg/550px-Armoracia_rusticana_kz03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2119" data-file-height="2966" /></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" scope="colgroup" class="infobox-header" style="background:#abf2ab;font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D3%A3" title="Сомонашиносӣ">Табақабандии илмӣ</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="plainlist" style="text-align:center;font-size:110%;"> <div class="NavFrame" style="background-color: transparent; border:0;"><div style="background-color:Gainsboro;font-size:85%;color:Dimgray">ХАТО: <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD#Сомонаи_новбарии_орояшинохтӣ" title="Шаблон:Таксон">шаблони орояшинохтӣ</a> нест, который должен описывать систематическое положение таксона <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armoracia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armoracia (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Armoracia</a></i>.</div><div><table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr><td class="ts-Taxonomy-rang-label" style="color:DarkRed">Гуна:</td><td class="ts-Taxonomy-rang-name"><b>Росан</b></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" scope="colgroup" class="infobox-header" style="background:#abf2ab;font-size:110%;">Номи байнулмилалии илмӣ</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="plainlist" style="text-align:center;font-size:110%;"> <i>Armoracia rusticana</i> <span style="font-variant:small-caps;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=G.Gaertn.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G.Gaertn. (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">G.Gaertn.</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=B.Mey.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="B.Mey. (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">B.Mey.</a> & <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scherb.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scherb. (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Scherb.</a>, 1800</span></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" scope="colgroup" class="infobox-header" style="background:#abf2ab;font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%84_(%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D3%A3)" title="Мутародиф (зистшиносӣ)">Мутародифот</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="noplainlist" style="text-align:center;font-size:110%;"> <div align="left"> <ul><li><span style="font-style: italic;" lang="la">Armoracia lapathifolia</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gilib.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gilib. (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Gilib.</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ex_(%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ex (таксономия) (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">ex</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Usteri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usteri (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Usteri</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-style: italic;" lang="la">Cochlearia armoracia</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps;"><a href="/wiki/L." class="mw-redirect" title="L.">L.</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-style: italic;" lang="la">Nasturtium armoracia</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">(<a href="/wiki/L." class="mw-redirect" title="L.">L.</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fr. (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Fr.</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-style: italic;" lang="la">Radicula armoracia</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">(<a href="/wiki/L." class="mw-redirect" title="L.">L.</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=B.L.Rob.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="B.L.Rob. (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">B.L.Rob.</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-style: italic;" lang="la">Rorippa armoracia</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">(<a href="/wiki/L." class="mw-redirect" title="L.">L.</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hitchc.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hitchc. (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Hitchc.</a></span></li></ul></div></td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="background:#c6f6c6; font-size:90%; line-height:140%;;"><table width="100%" class="plainlinks" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4"><tbody><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Armoracia_rusticana?uselang=tg"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/17px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/26px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/34px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span><br /><a class="external text" href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Armoracia_rusticana?uselang=tg">Сомонашиносӣ<br />дар Викигуна</a></td><td style="vertical-align:middle"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Armoracia_rusticana"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span><br /><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Armoracia_rusticana">Тасвирот<br />дар Викианбор</a></td><td><table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="background:#c6f6c6;"> <tbody><tr><td align="right" width="40%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Объединённая таксономическая информационная служба (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">ITIS</a>  </td><td class="plainlinks" align="left"><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q26545$B5307C82-04BC-4A65-9447-DC88CE9DDBC2" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P815"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=23044">23044</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td align="right" width="40%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Национальный центр биотехнологической информации (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">NCBI</a>  </td><td class="plainlinks" align="left"><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q26545$F8F69DC6-3909-486E-9235-422F85246CEB" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P685"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=3704">3704</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td align="right" width="40%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Энциклопедия жизни (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">EOL</a>  </td><td class="plainlinks" align="left"><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q26545$5347D4DF-CCDE-4013-9B00-94243353BD3A" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P830"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/583956">583956</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td align="right" width="40%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">GRIN</a> </td><td class="plainlinks" align="left"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=4234">t:4234</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right" width="40%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Plant_Names_Index&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Plant Names Index (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">IPNI</a> </td><td class="plainlinks" align="left"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q26545$48F61D0A-5462-472C-B197-747A71EFB385" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P961"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/278747-1">278747-1</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td align="right" width="40%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Plant_List&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Plant List (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">TPL</a> </td><td class="plainlinks" align="left"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q26545$DA329587-26D8-4343-9EB3-D62503E40B0B" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P1070"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2652952">kew-2652952</a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr> </tbody></table><p><b>Турби кӯҳӣ, хрен</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D3%A3" title="Забони лотинӣ">лот.</a> <span lang="la" style="font-style:italic;">Armorácia rusticána</span>) — гиёҳи бисёрсолаест aз оилаи чилликгулҳо дар шароити зироат — гиёҳи як ё дусола. </p><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Тавсифоти_гиёҳшинохтӣ"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.B0.D0.B2.D1.81.D0.B8.D1.84.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.B8_.D0.B3.D0.B8.D1.91.D2.B3.D1.88.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.BE.D1.85.D1.82.D3.A3"></span>Тавсифоти гиёҳшинохтӣ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D3%AF%D2%B3%D3%A3&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Вироиши қисмат: Тавсифоти гиёҳшинохтӣ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D3%AF%D2%B3%D3%A3&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Тавсифоти гиёҳшинохтӣ"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Пояаш рост, аз 50 то 160 см қад мекашад. Барги бехи пояаш калони паршакл (дарозиаш 30—60 см, бараш 10—15 см), гулаш майдаи сафед, ғилофакаш гирдаи дупалла (паллааш 4— тухма). Pосани худрӯй дар кишварҳои Европа мерӯяд. Дар Кавказ ва Сибир Pосани кишта дар баъзе ноҳияҳо худрӯй шудааст. Дар ҷойҳои сернам ва соҳили дарёҳо месабзад. Май — июл гул мекунад. </p><p>хрен чун гиёҳи нуқлӣ ва тавобил дар асри 1 мелодӣ маъмул буд. Ҳоло онро дар бисёр мамлакатҳои дунё — Ҳиндустон, Амрико, Русия (вилоятҳои Ярослав, Иванов) ва ғайра мекоранд. Хрен чун сабзавот ва зубуда махсусан дар кишварҳои Осиё, баҳри Миёназамин ва Европа маъмул аст. Хренро аз қаламча (дарозиаш 10—15 см) мерӯёнанд. Қаламчаро аввали баҳор ё тирамоҳ (байни қаторҳо 60—70 см, байни ниҳолҳо 25—30 см) мешинонаяд. Дар замини сернам ва серпору хуб месабзад. Бехашро сентябр-октябр меғундоранд. Аз ҳар га хрензор 100—300 с ҳосил мегиранд. Бехи хрен ғафс, сермағз аст. Онро хом ё ҷӯшонда бо таом истеъмол мекунанд. Бехи тари хрен бӯй ва таъми тунди хосе дорад. Шакидаи бехи тар ва хушки хрен таомро хушбӯю хуштаъм мекунад. Баргашро ҳам ҳангоми консервонӣ ва очоронии бодиринг, помидор, занбӯруғ ва ғайра истифода мобаранд. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Хосиятҳои_доруӣ"><span id=".D0.A5.D0.BE.D1.81.D0.B8.D1.8F.D1.82.D2.B3.D0.BE.D0.B8_.D0.B4.D0.BE.D1.80.D1.83.D3.A3"></span>Хосиятҳои доруӣ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D3%AF%D2%B3%D3%A3&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Вироиши қисмат: Хосиятҳои доруӣ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D3%AF%D2%B3%D3%A3&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Хосиятҳои доруӣ"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>хрен гиёҳи доруӣ аст. Дар тибби халқӣ бо бехи хрен касалиҳои обхӯра (истисқо), пайвандак (ревматизм), саратон, зангила, мафосилро табобат мекунанд. Шакидаи бехаш (як чойчумчааш бо асал) омили иштиҳоовар (мушаҳҳӣ) аст. Ғайр аз ин, аз шакидаи он марҳам сохта ҳангоми радикулит ба миёи мебанданд. Хрен хусусияти хуби фитонтсидӣ дорад. Бактерияҳои касалиангезро нобуд мекунад. Шакидаи хрен хусусияти фитонтсидии худро то 20 рӯз нигоҳ медорад. Бехи хрен 100—171 мг% витамини С, каротин, витаминҳои гурӯҳи В, ангиштоб, равғани эфир, намакҳои минералӣ (асосан Са, К, Р), гликозидиси ширин, ферменти мирозин, пайвастҳои сулфурдор, баргаш 526 мг% витамини С, ширааш моддаи лизотсим ва витамини С (0,25 %) дорад. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Эзоҳ"><span id=".D0.AD.D0.B7.D0.BE.D2.B3"></span>Эзоҳ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D3%AF%D2%B3%D3%A3&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Вироиши қисмат: Эзоҳ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D3%AF%D2%B3%D3%A3&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Эзоҳ"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Адабиёт"><span id=".D0.90.D0.B4.D0.B0.D0.B1.D0.B8.D1.91.D1.82"></span>Адабиёт</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D3%AF%D2%B3%D3%A3&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Вироиши қисмат: Адабиёт" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D3%AF%D2%B3%D3%A3&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Адабиёт"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFЭСТ1987">Росан / М. Ҳоҷиматов. С. Бобохоҷаева // Сақофӣ — Ховалинг. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Душанбе">Д</span>. : <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D2%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Сарредакцияи илмии Энциклопедияи Советии Тоҷик">СИЭСТ</a>, 1987. — (<a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D2%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Энциклопедияи Советии Тоҷик">Энциклопедияи Советии Тоҷик</a> : <span class="nowrap">[<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1232970">.mw-parser-output .ts-comment-commentedText{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}@media(hover:none){.mw-parser-output .ts-comment-commentedText:not(.rt-commentedText){border-bottom:0;cursor:auto}}</style>дар 8 ҷ.]</span> / <span class="nowrap"> сармуҳаррир <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE_%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Мусо Диноршоев">М. Д. Диноршоев</a></span> ; 1978—1988, ҷ. 7).</span></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <ul><li>Минаева Г., Лекарственные растения Сибири, Новосибирск, 1970;</li> <li>Скляревский Л. Я., Целебные свойства пищевых растений, М., 1972;</li> <li>Вехов В. Н., Губанов И. А., Лебедева Г. Ф., Культурные растения СССР М., 1978.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Баргирифта аз "<a dir="ltr" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Турби_кӯҳӣ&oldid=1351994">https://tg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Турби_кӯҳӣ&oldid=1351994</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Вижа:Гурӯҳҳо">Гурӯҳҳо</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%82%D3%A3_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гурӯҳ:Википедия:Мақолаҳои зистшинохтӣ бидуни таксошаблон (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Википедия:Мақолаҳои зистшинохтӣ бидуни таксошаблон</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%93%D0%B8%D1%91%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%B7_%D1%80%D3%AF%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B1%D0%BE" title="Гурӯҳ:Гиёҳон аз рӯи алифбо">Гиёҳон аз рӯи алифбо</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B8,_%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гурӯҳ:Биологические статьи, где отсутствует перенаправление с латинского названия таксона (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Биологические статьи, где отсутствует перенаправление с латинского названия таксона</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Гурӯҳи пинҳон: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B5,_%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%AD%D0%A1%D0%A2_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%88%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Гурӯҳ:Мақолаҳое, ки бар асоси маводи ЭСТ навишта шудаанд">Мақолаҳое, ки бар асоси маводи ЭСТ навишта шудаанд</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ин саҳифаро бори охир дар 22 июни 2023, 09:18 вироиш карда буданд.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Матн зери иҷозатномаи <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a> дастрас мебошад, дигар иҷозатномаҳои иловагӣ низ ба кор бурда мешаванд. Ниг. <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Қоидаҳои истифодаро</a> барои маълумоти бештар.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Сиёсати ҳифзи асрор</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0:%D0%9E%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%BE%D3%A3_%D0%B1%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0">Дар бораи Википедиа</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B8%D2%B3%D0%B0:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BC%D3%A3">Такзибнома</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Таҳиягарон</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/tg.wikipedia.org">Омор</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Созишномаи куки</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//tg.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D3%AF%D2%B3%D3%A3&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Намуди мобилӣ</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-lcrzl","wgBackendResponseTime":854,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.346","walltime":"0.569","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2493,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":43279,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":18527,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":18,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":10,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":701,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":10,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 423.567 1 -total"," 87.28% 369.690 1 Шаблон:Таксон"," 69.44% 294.143 1 Шаблон:Қуттӣ"," 53.51% 226.650 25 Шаблон:Wikidata"," 35.37% 149.800 10 Шаблон:If-wikidata"," 11.10% 47.030 1 Шаблон:ЭСТ"," 10.25% 43.412 1 Шаблон:Нашр"," 5.18% 21.947 4 Шаблон:Таксон/Ранг"," 4.04% 17.104 4 Шаблон:Ранг"," 2.67% 11.330 1 Шаблон:Нашр/силсила"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.183","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":5247711,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"Loaded datatype string of P225 from wikidata, consider passing datatype argument to formatProperty call or to Wikidata/config\nLoaded datatype string of P935 from wikidata, consider passing datatype argument to formatProperty call or to Wikidata/config\nLoaded datatype external-id of P815 from wikidata, consider passing datatype argument to formatProperty call or to Wikidata/config\nLoaded datatype external-id of P815 from wikidata, consider passing datatype argument to formatProperty call or to Wikidata/config\nLoaded datatype external-id of P685 from wikidata, consider passing datatype argument to formatProperty call or to Wikidata/config\nLoaded datatype external-id of P685 from wikidata, consider passing datatype argument to formatProperty call or to Wikidata/config\nLoaded datatype external-id of P830 from wikidata, consider passing datatype argument to formatProperty call or to Wikidata/config\nLoaded datatype external-id of P830 from wikidata, consider passing datatype argument to formatProperty call or to Wikidata/config\nLoaded datatype external-id of P961 from wikidata, consider passing datatype argument to formatProperty call or to Wikidata/config\nLoaded datatype external-id of P961 from wikidata, consider passing datatype argument to formatProperty call or to Wikidata/config\nLoaded datatype external-id of P1070 from wikidata, consider passing datatype argument to formatProperty call or to Wikidata/config\nLoaded datatype external-id of P1070 from wikidata, consider passing datatype argument to formatProperty call or to Wikidata/config\nLoaded datatype external-id of P962 from wikidata, consider passing datatype argument to formatProperty call or to Wikidata/config\nLoaded datatype external-id of P842 from wikidata, consider passing datatype argument to formatProperty call or to Wikidata/config\nLoaded datatype string of P935 from wikidata, consider passing datatype argument to formatProperty call or to Wikidata/config\nLoaded datatype external-id of P815 from wikidata, consider passing datatype argument to formatProperty call or to Wikidata/config\nLoaded datatype external-id of P685 from wikidata, consider passing datatype argument to formatProperty call or to Wikidata/config\nLoaded datatype external-id of P830 from wikidata, consider passing datatype argument to formatProperty call or to Wikidata/config\nLoaded datatype string of P225 from wikidata, consider passing datatype argument to formatProperty call or to Wikidata/config\nLoaded datatype string of P225 from wikidata, consider passing datatype argument to formatProperty call or to Wikidata/config\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-lcrzl","timestamp":"20241129085808","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u0422\u0443\u0440\u0431\u0438 \u043a\u04ef\u04b3\u04e3","url":"https:\/\/tg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D3%AF%D2%B3%D3%A3","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q26545","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q26545","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2023-06-22T09:17:45Z","dateModified":"2023-06-22T09:18:08Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/8b\/Armoracia_rusticana_kz03.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>