CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"/><script async="" src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js" type="text/javascript"></script><script async="" defer="" src="https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js?xfbml=1&version=v3.2&hash=606879e94b06283a619cebf5b7449644"></script><script async="" defer="" src="https://www.instagram.com/embed.js"></script><meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large"/><title>Robert Brackner</title><meta name="description" content="Explore the latest news and expert commentary by Robert Brackner, brought to you by the Contributor of BioProcess International."/><meta property="og:title" content="Robert Brackner"/><meta property="og:description" content="Explore the latest news and expert commentary by Robert Brackner, brought to you by the Contributor of BioProcess International."/><meta property="og:url" content="https://www.bioprocessintl.com/author/robert-brackner"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://www.bioprocessintl.com/assets/bioprocessinternational-cCCxUsOM.ico"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="BioProcess International"/><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.bioprocessintl.com/author/robert-brackner"/><link rel="preload" href="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blt6cdc09341f3f9869/6618520170af13d2a991ac90/labworker.jpg?width=700&auto=webp&quality=10&disable=upscale&blur=40" as="image"/><meta property="twitter:card" content="summary"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn.cookielaw.org"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.googletagmanager.com"/><link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="/assets/bioprocessinternational-cCCxUsOM.ico"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/entry.client-BeFAP2ww.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/chunk-K6AXKMTT-CHYA7xuV.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/index-BSbs-5XW.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/with-props-CEmjks6P.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/gtm-Bhg5v0kK.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/contentPreview-DVkUqnQw.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/_-Bs3SyN-5.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/useArticleProps-D_xn1SoH.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/provider-D8hGPYap.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/newsletterSignupPromo-DBM_Buya.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/socialShare-BetaF3nk.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/link-B0EXaXnQ.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/button-2u7YveIz.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/util-CdNciH7h.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/searchBar-Cv2Svi5s.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/useSearchBar-B7n_81gh.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/navigation-DNYtFoxY.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/redirection-CcR_QTDp.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/meta-hUHi7WZc.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/form-B6K9BB4H.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/root-0nf9i4ZF.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/breadcrumb-BHlyGeYe.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/contributorSummary-ghBBFOgh.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/listContent-BhVLgC1k.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/useWeatherWidget-AaEchakd.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/utils-Bn24zYNJ.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/gridLayout-D3d3Sywd.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/pagination-NR_kC-LV.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/commodityPrices-DJr8VhOL.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/sidebar-BprMrwM7.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/weatherWidget-DeWCQLwf.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/changeLocationBar-6QWG9j8W.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/contentCards-DmwKmMha.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/videoPlaylist-D52CwHbx.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/contentDomain.generated-DIEwSG95.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/toNumber-C_nKo9iw.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/_getPrototype-C_MHsswr.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/useStorage-C29fdY0K.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/author._slug-0r0GzF8V.js"/><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ProfilePage","mainEntity":{"@type":"Person","name":"Robert Brackner","description":"Robert Brackner, ","image":"","disambiguatingDescription":"","sameAs":[]}}</script><script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.init={distributed_tracing:{enabled:true},privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.eu01.nr-data.net"]}}; ;NREUM.loader_config={accountID:"3936348",trustKey:"3288925",agentID:"538600195",licenseKey:"NRJS-26ae6a3b09493bbcc87",applicationID:"538600195"}; ;NREUM.info={beacon:"bam.eu01.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.eu01.nr-data.net",licenseKey:"NRJS-26ae6a3b09493bbcc87",applicationID:"538600195",sa:1}; ;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-spa-1.281.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>p,gD:()=>m,xN:()=>g});var n=r(3333),i=r(993);const o=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var a=r(2614),s=r(944),c=r(384),u=r(8122);const d="[data-nr-mask]",l=()=>{const e={feature_flags:[],experimental:{marks:!1,measures:!1,resources:!1},mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},get feature_flags(){return e.feature_flags},set feature_flags(t){e.feature_flags=t},generic_events:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},harvest:{interval:30},jserrors:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0,level:i.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},performance:{get capture_marks(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n.$v.MARKS)||e.experimental.marks},set capture_marks(t){e.experimental.marks=t},get capture_measures(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n.$v.MEASURES)||e.experimental.measures},set capture_measures(t){e.experimental.measures=t},capture_detail:!0,resources:{get enabled(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n.$v.RESOURCES)||e.experimental.resources},set enabled(t){e.experimental.resources=t},asset_types:[],first_party_domains:[],ignore_newrelic:!0}},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:a.wk,inactiveMs:a.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){o(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(d):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=d:(0,s.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){o(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,s.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,s.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0,elementAttributes:["id","className","tagName","type"]}}},f={},h="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function p(e){if(!e)throw new Error(h);if(!f[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return f[e]}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(h);f[e]=(0,u.a)(t,l());const r=(0,c.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=f[e])}function m(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(h);var r=p(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},5603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>c,o:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("LoaderConfig for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=a[e])}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0,harvester:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!d[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,Yq:()=>a,xv:()=>n});const n="1.281.0",i="PROD",o="CDN",a="^2.0.0-alpha.17"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A4:()=>s,OF:()=>d,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>h,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,lR:()=>f,m:()=>u,mw:()=>c,sb:()=>l});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s="complete"===a?.document?.readyState,c=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),u=""+a?.location,d=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),l=d&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,f=(()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),h=Date.now()-(0,n.t)()},7295:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Xv:()=>a,gX:()=>i,iW:()=>o});var n=[];function i(e){if(!e||o(e))return!1;if(0===n.length)return!0;for(var t=0;t<n.length;t++){var r=n[t];if("*"===r.hostname)return!1;if(s(r.hostname,e.hostname)&&c(r.pathname,e.pathname))return!1}return!0}function o(e){return void 0===e.hostname}function a(e){if(n=[],e&&e.length)for(var t=0;t<e.length;t++){let r=e[t];if(!r)continue;0===r.indexOf("http://")?r=r.substring(7):0===r.indexOf("https://")&&(r=r.substring(8));const i=r.indexOf("/");let o,a;i>0?(o=r.substring(0,i),a=r.substring(i)):(o=r,a="");let[s]=o.split(":");n.push({hostname:s,pathname:a})}}function s(e,t){return!(e.length>t.length)&&t.indexOf(e)===t.length-e.length}function c(e,t){return 0===e.indexOf("/")&&(e=e.substring(1)),0===t.indexOf("/")&&(t=t.substring(1)),""===e||e===t}},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),h(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return h(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),h(e,t)})))}function h(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=h(n),c=g(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=v()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:m,listeners:g,context:h,buffer:function(e,t){const r=v();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!v()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function h(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=g(e).concat(t)}function g(e){return n[e]||[]}function m(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function v(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,ZF:()=>c,bz:()=>a,el:()=>u});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}function c(){return s(16)}function u(){return s(32)}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},7485:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=r(6154);function i(e){if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};try{const t=new URL(e,location.href),r={port:t.port,hostname:t.hostname,pathname:t.pathname,search:t.search,protocol:t.protocol.slice(0,t.protocol.indexOf(":")),sameOrigin:t.protocol===n.gm?.location?.protocol&&t.host===n.gm?.location?.host};return r.port&&""!==r.port||("http:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="80"),"https:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="443")),r.pathname&&""!==r.pathname?r.pathname.startsWith("/")||(r.pathname="/".concat(r.pathname)):r.pathname="/",r}catch(e){return{}}}},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},3304:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A:()=>o});var n=r(7836);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())??""}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}return""}}},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},8139:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>f});var n=r(7836),i=r(3434),o=r(8990),a=r(6154);const s={},c=a.gm.XMLHttpRequest,u="addEventListener",d="removeEventListener",l="nr@wrapped:".concat(n.P);function f(e){var t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("events")}(e);if(s[t.debugId]++)return t;s[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,i.YM)(t,!0);function f(e){r.inPlace(e,[u,d],"-",p)}function p(e,t){return e[1]}return"getPrototypeOf"in Object&&(a.RI&&h(document,f),c&&h(c.prototype,f),h(a.gm,f)),t.on(u+"-start",(function(e,t){var n=e[1];if(null!==n&&("function"==typeof n||"object"==typeof n)){var i=(0,o.I)(n,l,(function(){var e={object:function(){if("function"!=typeof n.handleEvent)return;return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)},function:n}[typeof n];return e?r(e,"fn-",null,e.name||"anonymous"):n}));this.wrapped=e[1]=i}})),t.on(d+"-start",(function(e){e[1]=this.wrapped||e[1]})),t}function h(e,t,...r){let n=e;for(;"object"==typeof n&&!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,u);)n=Object.getPrototypeOf(n);n&&t(n,...r)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Jt:()=>o,YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},9300:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.ajax},3333:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$v:()=>u,TZ:()=>n,Zp:()=>i,kd:()=>c,mq:()=>s,nf:()=>a,qN:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.genericEvents,i=["auxclick","click","copy","keydown","paste","scrollend"],o=["focus","blur"],a=4,s=1e3,c=["PageAction","UserAction","BrowserPerformance"],u={MARKS:"experimental.marks",MEASURES:"experimental.measures",RESOURCES:"experimental.resources"}},6774:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.jserrors},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,TZ:()=>a,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o="log",a=n.K7.logging},3785:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{R:()=>c,b:()=>u});var n=r(9908),i=r(1863),o=r(860),a=r(3969),s=r(993);function c(e,t,r={},c=s.p_.INFO){(0,n.p)(a.xV,["API/logging/".concat(c.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,o.K7.metrics,e),(0,n.p)(s.ET,[(0,i.t)(),t,r,c],void 0,o.K7.logging,e)}function u(e){return"string"==typeof e&&Object.values(s.p_).some((t=>t===e.toUpperCase().trim()))}},3969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>s,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a,z_:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>d,G4:()=>o,Qb:()=>l,TZ:()=>i,Ug:()=>a,_s:()=>s,bc:()=>u,yP:()=>c});var n=r(2614);const i=r(860).K7.sessionReplay,o={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"},a=.12,s={DomContentLoaded:0,Load:1,FullSnapshot:2,IncrementalSnapshot:3,Meta:4,Custom:5},c={[n.g.ERROR]:15e3,[n.g.FULL]:3e5,[n.g.OFF]:0},u={RESET:{message:"Session was reset",sm:"Reset"},IMPORT:{message:"Recorder failed to import",sm:"Import"},TOO_MANY:{message:"429: Too Many Requests",sm:"Too-Many"},TOO_BIG:{message:"Payload was too large",sm:"Too-Big"},CROSS_TAB:{message:"Session Entity was set to OFF on another tab",sm:"Cross-Tab"},ENTITLEMENTS:{message:"Session Replay is not allowed and will not be started",sm:"Entitlement"}},d=5e3,l={API:"api"}},5270:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Aw:()=>c,CT:()=>u,SR:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(9417),o=r(7767),a=r(6154);function s(e){return!!(0,n.dV)().o.MO&&(0,o.V)(e)&&!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}function c(e){return!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_replay.preload")&&s(e)}function u(e,t){const r=t.correctAbsoluteTimestamp(e);return{originalTimestamp:e,correctedTimestamp:r,timestampDiff:e-r,originTime:a.WN,correctedOriginTime:t.correctedOriginTime,originTimeDiff:Math.floor(a.WN-t.correctedOriginTime)}}},3738:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{He:()=>i,Kp:()=>s,Lc:()=>u,Rz:()=>d,TZ:()=>n,bD:()=>o,d3:()=>a,jx:()=>l,uP:()=>c});const n=r(860).K7.sessionTrace,i="bstResource",o="resource",a="-start",s="-end",c="fn"+a,u="fn"+s,d="pushState",l=1e3},3962:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{AM:()=>o,O2:()=>c,Qu:()=>u,TZ:()=>s,ih:()=>d,pP:()=>a,tC:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i=["click","keydown","submit","popstate"],o="api",a="initialPageLoad",s=n.K7.softNav,c={INITIAL_PAGE_LOAD:"",ROUTE_CHANGE:1,UNSPECIFIED:2},u={INTERACTION:1,AJAX:2,CUSTOM_END:3,CUSTOM_TRACER:4},d={IP:"in progress",FIN:"finished",CAN:"cancelled"}},7378:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$p:()=>x,BR:()=>b,Kp:()=>R,L3:()=>y,Lc:()=>c,NC:()=>o,SG:()=>d,TZ:()=>i,U6:()=>p,UT:()=>m,d3:()=>w,dT:()=>f,e5:()=>T,gx:()=>v,l9:()=>l,oW:()=>h,op:()=>g,rw:()=>u,tH:()=>A,uP:()=>s,wW:()=>E,xq:()=>a});var n=r(384);const i=r(860).K7.spa,o=["click","submit","keypress","keydown","keyup","change"],a=999,s="fn-start",c="fn-end",u="cb-start",d="api-ixn-",l="remaining",f="interaction",h="spaNode",p="jsonpNode",g="fetch-start",m="fetch-done",v="fetch-body-",b="jsonp-end",y=(0,n.dV)().o.ST,w="-start",R="-end",x="-body",E="cb"+R,T="jsTime",A="fetch"},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7767:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>o});var n=r(9417),i=r(6154);const o=e=>i.RI&&!0===(0,n.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled")},425:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>j});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),h=r(384),p=r(6344);const g=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","recordCustomEvent","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],m=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var v=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993),w=r(3785),R=r(2646),x=r(3434);const E=new Map;function T(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,x.YM)(i),a=new R.y(s.P);a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes;const c=t[r]?.[x.Jt]||t[r];return E.set(c,a),o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",(()=>E.get(c))),i}function A(){const e=(0,h.pV)();g.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const S={};var N=r(9417),_=r(5603),O=r(5284);const I=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let P=!1;function j(e,t={},g,R){let{init:x,info:E,loader_config:j,runtime:C={},exposed:k=!0}=t;C.loaderType=g;const L=(0,h.pV)();E||(x=L.init,E=L.info,j=L.loader_config),(0,N.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,x||{}),(0,_.a)(e.agentIdentifier,j||{}),E.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(E.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,E);const H=(0,N.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),M=[E.beacon,E.errorBeacon];P||(H.proxy.assets&&(I(H.proxy.assets),M.push(H.proxy.assets)),H.proxy.beacon&&M.push(H.proxy.beacon),A(),(0,h.US)("activatedFeatures",O.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===H.soft_navigations.enabled&&H.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),C.denyList=[...H.ajax.deny_list||[],...H.ajax.block_internal?M:[]],C.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,C),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=function(e,t,h=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const g={};var R=s.ee.get(e),x=R.get("tracer");S[e]=b.g.OFF,R.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{S[e]=t}));var E="api-",A=E+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),I(E,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function _(){}g.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,w.R)(R,e,t,r)},g.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),T(R,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},m.forEach((e=>{g[e]=I(E,e,!0,"api")})),g.addPageAction=I(E,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),g.recordCustomEvent=I(E,"recordCustomEvent",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),g.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,I(E,"setPageViewName",!0)()},g.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},g.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},g.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},g.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),R.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},g[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g.interaction=function(e){return(new _).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const O=_.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),h||(0,a.p)(A+"tracer",[(0,v.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,R),function(){if(x.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,v.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw x.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{x.emit("fn-end",[(0,v.t)()],r)}}}};function I(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[r?(0,v.t)():performance.now(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,R),r?void 0:this}}function P(){r.e(478).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),R.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{O[e]=I(A,e,void 0,h?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),g.setCurrentRouteName=h?I(A,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):I(E,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),g.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,v.t)(),!1,r,!!S[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,R)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>P()),!0):P(),g}(e.agentIdentifier,R,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=k),P=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>u,K7:()=>s,P3:()=>c,XX:()=>i,qY:()=>n,v4:()=>a});const n="events",i="jserrors",o="browser/blobs",a="rum",s={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:i,logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},c={[s.pageViewEvent]:1,[s.pageViewTiming]:2,[s.metrics]:3,[s.jserrors]:4,[s.spa]:5,[s.ajax]:6,[s.sessionTrace]:7,[s.softNav]:8,[s.sessionReplay]:9,[s.logging]:10,[s.genericEvents]:11},u={[s.pageViewEvent]:a,[s.pageViewTiming]:n,[s.ajax]:n,[s.spa]:n,[s.softNav]:n,[s.metrics]:i,[s.jserrors]:i,[s.sessionTrace]:o,[s.sessionReplay]:o,[s.logging]:"browser/logs",[s.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>({212:"nr-spa-compressor",249:"nr-spa-recorder",478:"nr-spa"}[e]+"-1.281.0.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.281.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={478:"sha512-jmvAlmjCn64ans8tLueqHRlBI/iWekylsDWb94A77CG0ukSriVDvgD3dThx+XjUSBBBMYhFn8B1a18fViyBPEQ==",249:"sha512-ICY/ZrcytM/86t5KFy+9OAWVYmNNJy10EBtxoSUGjQWuZx53p/eLo+L8HfrGjvHuRHRnutqLTGSnvNttffJkaA==",212:"sha512-pQSn+X/RfBOvx/49HvlghaiXMLhhDQXTi13n1N2XMpDquWJgs9U0pbqE3RbAnYC9nsdaTu/RVGvneEPv1fpCxA=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var h=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(h.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=h.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=h.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={38:0,788:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.281.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.281.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(){this.agentIdentifier=(0,r.LA)(16)}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}recordCustomEvent(e,t){return this.#e("recordCustomEvent",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(425);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),h=i(5289),p=i(6154),g=i(5270),m=i(7767),v=i(6389);class b extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,v.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if((0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6526));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),t.runtime.harvester.initializedAggregates.push(this.featAggregate),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,h.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return(0,g.SR)(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var y=i(6630);class w extends b{static featureName=y.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,y.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(384);var x=i(9908),E=i(2843),T=i(3878),A=i(782),S=i(1863);class N extends b{static featureName=A.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,A.T,t),p.RI&&((0,E.u)((()=>(0,x.p)("docHidden",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,A.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,T.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,x.p)("winPagehide",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,A.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var _=i(3969);class O extends b{static featureName=_.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,_.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var I=i(6774),P=i(3304);class j{constructor(e,t,r,n,i){this.name="UncaughtError",this.message="string"==typeof e?e:(0,P.A)(e),this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r,this.column=n,this.__newrelic=i}}function C(e){return H(e)?e:new j(void 0!==e?.message?e.message:e,e?.filename||e?.sourceURL,e?.lineno||e?.line,e?.colno||e?.col,e?.__newrelic)}function k(e){const t="Unhandled Promise Rejection";if(!e?.reason)return;if(H(e.reason))try{return e.reason.message=t+": "+e.reason.message,C(e.reason)}catch(t){return C(e.reason)}const r=C(e.reason);return r.message=t+": "+r?.message,r}function L(e){if(e.error instanceof SyntaxError&&!/:\d+$/.test(e.error.stack?.trim())){const t=new j(e.message,e.filename,e.lineno,e.colno,e.error.__newrelic);return t.name=SyntaxError.name,t}return H(e.error)?e.error:C(e)}function H(e){return e instanceof Error&&!!e.stack}class M extends b{static featureName=I.T;#r=!1;constructor(e,r=!0){super(e,I.T,r);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}this.ee.on("internal-error",((e,t)=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("ierr",[C(e),(0,S.t)(),!0,{},this.#r,t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.#r=e})),p.gm.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[k(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,T.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),p.gm.addEventListener("error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[L(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,T.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var D=i(8990);let K=1;const U="nr@id";function V(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===p.gm?0:(0,D.I)(e,U,(function(){return K++}))}function G(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,P.A)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var F=i(8139),B=i(7836),W=i(3434);const z={},q=["open","send"];function Z(t){var r=t||B.ee;const n=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("xhr")}(r);if(void 0===p.gm.XMLHttpRequest)return n;if(z[n.debugId]++)return n;z[n.debugId]=1,(0,F.u)(r);var i=(0,W.YM)(n),o=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest,a=p.gm.MutationObserver,s=p.gm.Promise,c=p.gm.setInterval,u="readystatechange",d=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],l=[],f=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest=function(t){const r=new o(t),a=n.context(r);try{n.emit("new-xhr",[r],a),r.addEventListener(u,(s=a,function(){var e=this;e.readyState>3&&!s.resolved&&(s.resolved=!0,n.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,d,"fn-",y)}),(0,T.jT)(!1))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(15,t);try{n.emit("internal-error",[t])}catch(e){}}var s;return r};function h(e,t){i.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",y)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,f),f.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(f.prototype,q,"-xhr-",y),n.on("send-xhr-start",(function(e,t){h(e,t),function(e){l.push(e),a&&(g?g.then(b):c?c(b):(m=-m,v.data=m))}(t)})),n.on("open-xhr-start",h),a){var g=s&&s.resolve();if(!c&&!s){var m=1,v=document.createTextNode(m);new a(b).observe(v,{characterData:!0})}}else r.on("fn-end",(function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===u||b()}));function b(){for(var e=0;e<l.length;e++)h(0,l[e]);l.length&&(l=[])}function y(e,t){return t}return n}var Y="fetch-",X=Y+"body-",J=["arrayBuffer","blob","json","text","formData"],Q=p.gm.Request,ee=p.gm.Response,te="prototype";const re={};function ne(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("fetch")}(e);if(!(Q&&ee&&p.gm.fetch))return t;if(re[t.debugId]++)return t;function r(e,r,n){var i=e[r];"function"==typeof i&&(e[r]=function(){var e,r=[...arguments],o={};t.emit(n+"before-start",[r],o),o[B.P]&&o[B.P].dt&&(e=o[B.P].dt);var a=i.apply(this,r);return t.emit(n+"start",[r,e],a),a.then((function(e){return t.emit(n+"end",[null,e],a),e}),(function(e){throw t.emit(n+"end",[e],a),e}))})}return re[t.debugId]=1,J.forEach((e=>{r(Q[te],e,X),r(ee[te],e,X)})),r(p.gm,"fetch",Y),t.on(Y+"end",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get("content-length");null!==i&&(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(Y+"done",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(Y+"done",[e],n)})),t}var ie=i(7485),oe=i(5603);class ae{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var t=(0,oe.o)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!t)return null;var n=(t.accountID||"").toString()||null,i=(t.agentID||"").toString()||null,o=(t.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,r.ZF)(),s=(0,r.el)(),c=Date.now(),u={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(u.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),u.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(u.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),u}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!("function"==typeof p.gm?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o&&n!==o&&(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,P.A)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var t=!1,r={};if((0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing")&&(r=(0,s.D0)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)t=!0;else if(r.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var n=0;n<r.allowed_origins.length;n++){var i=(0,ie.D)(r.allowed_origins[n]);if(e.hostname===i.hostname&&e.protocol===i.protocol&&e.port===i.port){t=!0;break}}return t}isDtEnabled(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.enabled}excludeNewrelicHeader(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.exclude_newrelic_header}useNewrelicHeaderForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!1!==e.cors_use_newrelic_header}useTraceContextHeadersForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.cors_use_tracecontext_headers}}var se=i(9300),ce=i(7295),ue=["load","error","abort","timeout"],de=ue.length,le=(0,R.dV)().o.REQ,fe=(0,R.dV)().o.XHR;class he extends b{static featureName=se.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,se.T,t),this.dt=new ae(e.agentIdentifier),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,x.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee);try{const e={xmlhttprequest:"xhr",fetch:"fetch",beacon:"beacon"};p.gm?.performance?.getEntriesByType("resource").forEach((t=>{if(t.initiatorType in e&&0!==t.responseStatus){const r={status:t.responseStatus},n={rxSize:t.transferSize,duration:Math.floor(t.duration),cbTime:0};pe(r,t.name),this.handler("xhr",[r,n,t.startTime,t.responseEnd,e[t.initiatorType]],void 0,a.K7.ajax)}}))}catch(e){}ne(this.ee),Z(this.ee),function(e,t,r,n){function i(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=R,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener("load",(function(r){E(t,e)}),(0,T.jT)(!1)),p.lR||e.addEventListener("progress",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,T.jT)(!1))}function o(e){this.params={method:e[0]},pe(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function s(t,r){e.loader_config.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&r.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",e.loader_config.xpid);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i){var o=!1;i.newrelicHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("newrelic",i.newrelicHeader),o=!0),i.traceContextParentHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("traceparent",i.traceContextParentHeader),i.traceContextStateHeader&&r.setRequestHeader("tracestate",i.traceContextStateHeader),o=!0),o&&(this.dt=i)}}function c(e,r){var n=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(n&&i){var a=G(i);a&&(n.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.body=i,this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof r.onload)&&"function"==typeof o.end)&&o.end(r)}catch(e){try{t.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s<de;s++)r.addEventListener(ue[s],this.listener,(0,T.jT)(!1))}function u(e,t,r){this.cbTime+=e,t?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof r.onload||"function"!=typeof this.end||this.end(r)}function d(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[r]&&(this.xhrGuids[r]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}function l(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[r]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[r],this.totalCbs-=1)}function f(){this.endTime=(0,S.t)()}function h(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-added",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function g(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-removed",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function m(e,t,r){t instanceof fe&&("onload"===r&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(e[0]&&e[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=(0,S.t)()))}function v(e,r){this.xhrCbStart&&t.emit("xhr-cb-time",[(0,S.t)()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,r],r)}function b(e){var t,r=e[1]||{};if("string"==typeof e[0]?0===(t=e[0]).length&&p.RI&&(t=""+p.gm.location.href):e[0]&&e[0].url?t=e[0].url:p.gm?.URL&&e[0]&&e[0]instanceof URL?t=e[0].href:"function"==typeof e[0].toString&&(t=e[0].toString()),"string"==typeof t&&0!==t.length){t&&(this.parsedOrigin=(0,ie.D)(t),this.sameOrigin=this.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i&&(i.newrelicHeader||i.traceContextParentHeader))if(e[0]&&e[0].headers)s(e[0].headers,i)&&(this.dt=i);else{var o={};for(var a in r)o[a]=r[a];o.headers=new Headers(r.headers||{}),s(o.headers,i)&&(this.dt=i),e.length>1?e[1]=o:e.push(o)}}function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function y(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.dt=t,e.length>=1&&(this.target=e[0]),e.length>=2&&(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;"string"==typeof i?r=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof le?r=i.url:p.gm?.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(r=i.href),pe(this,r);var o=(""+(i&&i instanceof le&&i.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.body=n.body,this.txSize=G(n.body)||0}function w(e,t){if(this.endTime=(0,S.t)(),this.params||(this.params={}),(0,ce.iW)(this.params))return;let n;this.params.status=t?t.status:0,"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);const i={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,S.t)()-this.startTime};r("xhr",[this.params,i,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this,a.K7.ajax)}function R(e){const t=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(let t=0;t<de;t++)e.removeEventListener(ue[t],this.listener,!1);t.aborted||(0,ce.iW)(t)||(n.duration=(0,S.t)()-this.startTime,this.loadCaptureCalled||4!==e.readyState?null==t.status&&(t.status=0):E(this,e),n.cbTime=this.cbTime,r("xhr",[t,n,this.startTime,this.endTime,"xhr"],this,a.K7.ajax))}}function E(e,r){e.params.status=r.status;var n=function(e,t){var r=e.responseType;return"json"===r&&null!==t?t:"arraybuffer"===r||"blob"===r||"json"===r?G(e.response):"text"===r||""===r||void 0===r?G(e.responseText):void 0}(r,e.lastSize);if(n&&(e.metrics.rxSize=n),e.sameOrigin){var i=r.getResponseHeader("X-NewRelic-App-Data");i&&((0,x.p)(_.rs,["Ajax/CrossApplicationTracing/Header/Seen"],void 0,a.K7.metrics,t),e.params.cat=i.split(", ").pop())}e.loadCaptureCalled=!0}t.on("new-xhr",i),t.on("open-xhr-start",o),t.on("open-xhr-end",s),t.on("send-xhr-start",c),t.on("xhr-cb-time",u),t.on("xhr-load-added",d),t.on("xhr-load-removed",l),t.on("xhr-resolved",f),t.on("addEventListener-end",h),t.on("removeEventListener-end",g),t.on("fn-end",v),t.on("fetch-before-start",b),t.on("fetch-start",y),t.on("fn-start",m),t.on("fetch-done",w)}(e,this.ee,this.handler,this.dt),this.importAggregator(e)}}function pe(e,t){var r=(0,ie.D)(t),n=e.params||e;n.hostname=r.hostname,n.port=r.port,n.protocol=r.protocol,n.host=r.hostname+":"+r.port,n.pathname=r.pathname,e.parsedOrigin=r,e.sameOrigin=r.sameOrigin}const ge={},me=["pushState","replaceState"];function ve(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("history")}(e);return!p.RI||ge[t.debugId]++||(ge[t.debugId]=1,(0,W.YM)(t).inPlace(window.history,me,"-")),t}var be=i(3738);const{He:ye,bD:we,d3:Re,Kp:xe,TZ:Ee,Lc:Te,uP:Ae,Rz:Se}=be;class Ne extends b{static featureName=Ee;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,Ee,t);if(!(0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier))return void this.deregisterDrain();const r=this.ee;let n;ve(r),this.eventsEE=(0,F.u)(r),this.eventsEE.on(Ae,(function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,S.t)()})),this.eventsEE.on(Te,(function(e,t){(0,x.p)("bst",[e[0],t,this.bstStart,(0,S.t)()],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),r.on(Se+Re,(function(e){this.time=(0,S.t)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),r.on(Se+xe,(function(e){(0,x.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)}));try{n=new PerformanceObserver((e=>{const t=e.getEntries();(0,x.p)(ye,[t],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),n.observe({type:we,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(e,{resourceObserver:n})}}var _e=i(2614);class Oe extends b{static featureName=t.TZ;#i;#o;constructor(e,r=!0){let n;super(e,t.TZ,r),this.replayRunning=!1,this.#o=e;try{n=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("".concat(_e.H3,"_").concat(_e.uh)))}catch(e){}(0,g.SR)(e.agentIdentifier)&&this.ee.on(t.G4.RECORD,(()=>this.#a())),this.#s(n)?(this.#i=n?.sessionReplayMode,this.#c()):this.importAggregator(e),this.ee.on("err",(e=>{this.replayRunning&&(this.errorNoticed=!0,(0,x.p)(t.G4.ERROR_DURING_REPLAY,[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee))})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.replayRunning=e}))}#s(e){return e&&(e.sessionReplayMode===_e.g.FULL||e.sessionReplayMode===_e.g.ERROR)||(0,g.Aw)(this.agentIdentifier)}#u=!1;async#c(e){if(!this.#u){this.#u=!0;try{const{Recorder:t}=await Promise.all([i.e(478),i.e(249)]).then(i.bind(i,8589));this.recorder??=new t({mode:this.#i,agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier,trigger:e,ee:this.ee,agentRef:this.#o}),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(this.#o,{recorder:this.recorder,errorNoticed:this.errorNoticed})}}#a(){this.featAggregate?this.featAggregate.mode!==_e.g.FULL&&this.featAggregate.initializeRecording(_e.g.FULL,!0):(this.#i=_e.g.FULL,this.#c(t.Qb.API),this.recorder&&this.recorder.parent.mode!==_e.g.FULL&&(this.recorder.parent.mode=_e.g.FULL,this.recorder.stopRecording(),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording))}}var Ie=i(3962);class Pe extends b{static featureName=Ie.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,Ie.TZ,t),!p.RI||!(0,R.dV)().o.MO)return;const r=ve(this.ee);Ie.tC.forEach((e=>{(0,T.sp)(e,(e=>{a(e)}),!0)}));const n=()=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[(0,S.t)(),""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee);r.on("pushState-end",n),r.on("replaceState-end",n);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}(0,T.sp)("popstate",(e=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[e.timeStamp,""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal);let i=!1;const o=new((0,R.dV)().o.MO)(((e,t)=>{i||(i=!0,requestAnimationFrame((()=>{(0,x.p)("newDom",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),i=!1})))})),a=(0,v.s)((e=>{(0,x.p)("newUIEvent",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),o.observe(document.body,{attributes:!0,childList:!0,subtree:!0,characterData:!0})}),100,{leading:!0});this.abortHandler=function(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),o.disconnect(),this.abortHandler=void 0},this.importAggregator(e,{domObserver:o})}}var je=i(7378);const Ce={},ke=["appendChild","insertBefore","replaceChild"];function Le(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("jsonp")}(e);if(!p.RI||Ce[t.debugId])return t;Ce[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,i=/(.*)\.([^.]+)/,o=/^(\w+)(\.|$)(.*)$/;function a(e,t){if(!e)return t;const r=e.match(o),n=r[1];return a(r[3],t[n])}return r.inPlace(Node.prototype,ke,"dom-"),t.on("dom-start",(function(e){!function(e){if(!e||"string"!=typeof e.nodeName||"script"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase())return;if("function"!=typeof e.addEventListener)return;var o=(s=e.src,c=s.match(n),c?c[1]:null);var s,c;if(!o)return;var u=function(e){var t=e.match(i);if(t&&t.length>=3)return{key:t[2],parent:a(t[1],window)};return{key:e,parent:window}}(o);if("function"!=typeof u.parent[u.key])return;var d={};function l(){t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,T.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,T.jT)(!1))}function f(){t.emit("jsonp-error",[],d),t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,T.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,T.jT)(!1))}r.inPlace(u.parent,[u.key],"cb-",d),e.addEventListener("load",l,(0,T.jT)(!1)),e.addEventListener("error",f,(0,T.jT)(!1)),t.emit("new-jsonp",[e.src],d)}(e[0])})),t}const He={};function Me(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("promise")}(e);if(He[t.debugId])return t;He[t.debugId]=!0;var r=t.context,n=(0,W.YM)(t),i=p.gm.Promise;return i&&function(){function e(r){var o=t.context(),a=n(r,"executor-",o,null,!1);const s=Reflect.construct(i,[a],e);return t.context(s).getCtx=function(){return o},s}p.gm.Promise=e,Object.defineProperty(e,"name",{value:"Promise"}),e.toString=function(){return i.toString()},Object.setPrototypeOf(e,i),["all","race"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){let i=!1;[...e||[]].forEach((e=>{this.resolve(e).then(a("all"===r),a(!1))}));const o=n.apply(this,arguments);return o;function a(e){return function(){t.emit("propagate",[null,!i],o,!1,!1),i=i||!e}}}})),["resolve","reject"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){const r=n.apply(this,arguments);return e!==r&&t.emit("propagate",[e,!0],r,!1,!1),r}})),e.prototype=i.prototype;const o=i.prototype.then;i.prototype.then=function(...e){var i=this,a=r(i);a.promise=i,e[0]=n(e[0],"cb-",a,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"cb-",a,null,!1);const s=o.apply(this,e);return a.nextPromise=s,t.emit("propagate",[i,!0],s,!1,!1),s},i.prototype.then[W.Jt]=o,t.on("executor-start",(function(e){e[0]=n(e[0],"resolve-",this,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"resolve-",this,null,!1)})),t.on("executor-err",(function(e,t,r){e[1](r)})),t.on("cb-end",(function(e,r,n){t.emit("propagate",[n,!0],this.nextPromise,!1,!1)})),t.on("propagate",(function(e,r,n){this.getCtx&&!r||(this.getCtx=function(){if(e instanceof Promise)var r=t.context(e);return r&&r.getCtx?r.getCtx():this})}))}(),t}const De={},Ke="setTimeout",Ue="setInterval",Ve="clearTimeout",Ge="-start",Fe=[Ke,"setImmediate",Ue,Ve,"clearImmediate"];function Be(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("timer")}(e);if(De[t.debugId]++)return t;De[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,W.YM)(t);return r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(0,2),Ke+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(2,3),Ue+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(3),Ve+"-"),t.on(Ue+Ge,(function(e,t,n){e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",null,n)})),t.on(Ke+Ge,(function(e,t,n){this.method=n,this.timerDuration=isNaN(e[1])?0:+e[1],e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",this,n)})),t}const We={};function ze(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("mutation")}(e);if(!p.RI||We[t.debugId])return t;We[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=p.gm.MutationObserver;return n&&(window.MutationObserver=function(e){return this instanceof n?new n(r(e,"fn-")):n.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=n.prototype),t}const{TZ:qe,d3:Ze,Kp:Ye,$p:Xe,wW:$e,e5:Je,tH:Qe,uP:et,rw:tt,Lc:rt}=je;class nt extends b{static featureName=qe;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,qe,t),!p.RI)return;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}let r,n=0;const i=this.ee.get("tracer"),o=Le(this.ee),a=Me(this.ee),s=Be(this.ee),c=Z(this.ee),u=this.ee.get("events"),d=ne(this.ee),l=ve(this.ee),f=ze(this.ee);function h(e,t){l.emit("newURL",[""+window.location,t])}function g(){n++,r=window.location.hash,this[et]=(0,S.t)()}function m(){n--,window.location.hash!==r&&h(0,!0);var e=(0,S.t)();this[Je]=~~this[Je]+e-this[et],this[rt]=e}function v(e,t){e.on(t,(function(){this[t]=(0,S.t)()}))}this.ee.on(et,g),a.on(tt,g),o.on(tt,g),this.ee.on(rt,m),a.on($e,m),o.on($e,m),this.ee.on("fn-err",((...t)=>{t[2]?.__newrelic?.[e.agentIdentifier]||(0,x.p)("function-err",[...t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.buffer([et,rt,"xhr-resolved"],this.featureName),u.buffer([et],this.featureName),s.buffer(["setTimeout"+Ye,"clearTimeout"+Ze,et],this.featureName),c.buffer([et,"new-xhr","send-xhr"+Ze],this.featureName),d.buffer([Qe+Ze,Qe+"-done",Qe+Xe+Ze,Qe+Xe+Ye],this.featureName),l.buffer(["newURL"],this.featureName),f.buffer([et],this.featureName),a.buffer(["propagate",tt,$e,"executor-err","resolve"+Ze],this.featureName),i.buffer([et,"no-"+et],this.featureName),o.buffer(["new-jsonp","cb-start","jsonp-error","jsonp-end"],this.featureName),v(d,Qe+Ze),v(d,Qe+"-done"),v(o,"new-jsonp"),v(o,"jsonp-end"),v(o,"cb-start"),l.on("pushState-end",h),l.on("replaceState-end",h),window.addEventListener("hashchange",h,(0,T.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("load",h,(0,T.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("popstate",(function(){h(0,n>1)}),(0,T.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var it=i(3333);class ot extends b{static featureName=it.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,it.TZ,t);const r=[e.init.page_action.enabled,e.init.performance.capture_marks,e.init.performance.capture_measures,e.init.user_actions.enabled,e.init.performance.resources.enabled];if(p.RI&&(e.init.user_actions.enabled&&(it.Zp.forEach((e=>(0,T.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0))),it.qN.forEach((e=>{const t=(0,v.s)((e=>{(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),500,{leading:!0});(0,T.sp)(e,t)}))),e.init.performance.resources.enabled&&p.gm.PerformanceObserver?.supportedEntryTypes.includes("resource"))){new PerformanceObserver((e=>{e.getEntries().forEach((e=>{(0,x.p)("browserPerformance.resource",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}))})).observe({type:"resource",buffered:!0})}r.some((e=>e))?this.importAggregator(e):this.deregisterDrain()}}var at=i(993),st=i(3785);class ct extends b{static featureName=at.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,at.TZ,t);const r=this.ee;this.ee.on("wrap-logger-end",(function([e]){const{level:t,customAttributes:n}=this;(0,st.R)(r,e,n,t)})),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t){super(),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,R.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(w),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,R.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[he,w,N,Ne,Oe,O,M,ot,ct,Pe,nt],loaderType:"spa"})})()})(); </script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/styles.generated-CmzcVq8e.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/brand.generated-DaNiaSh_.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Open+Sans:ital,wght@0,300;0,400;0,500;0,600;0,700;0,800;1,300;1,400;1,500;1,600;1,700;1,800&display=swap"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Open+Sans:ital,wght@0,300;0,400;0,500;0,600;0,700;0,800;1,300;1,400;1,500;1,600;1,700;1,800&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/consent/c0c70deb-8acc-4a4e-901a-bb865dd8f587/OtAutoBlock.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" data-domain-script="c0c70deb-8acc-4a4e-901a-bb865dd8f587"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap-icons@1.3.0/font/bootstrap-icons.css"/></head><body class="brand-bioprocessinternational "><noscript></noscript><div id="bigsky_v"></div><main data-theme="theme1" class="Provider"><div data-testid="ad_blocker" class="ads ad adsbox doubleclick ad-placement carbon-ads" style="height:1px;width:1px;position:absolute;left:-999em;top:-999em"></div><div><div data-template="layout" class="Layout"><nav data-module="navigation" aria-label="navigation" class="Navigation"><div data-testid="header" class="Navigation-HeaderWrapper"><div class="FullScreenBackground Navigation-HeaderBackground"></div><div class="Navigation-Header"><div class="InformaBar" data-component="informa-bar"><div class="InformaBar-ContentSection InformaBar-ContentSection_hidden" data-testid="informa-bar-content-section"><div class="InformaBar-LeftSection" data-testid="informa-bar-left-section"><div>BioProcess International is part of the Informa Connect Division of Informa PLC</div><div><a class="InformaBar-SubMenuItem" data-testid="informa-bar-sub-menu-item" href="https://www.informa.com/" title="Informa PLC" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Informa PLC</a><span class="InformaBar-Delimiter">|</span><a class="InformaBar-SubMenuItem" data-testid="informa-bar-sub-menu-item" href="https://www.informa.com/about-us/" title="ABOUT US" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">ABOUT US</a><span class="InformaBar-Delimiter">|</span><a class="InformaBar-SubMenuItem" data-testid="informa-bar-sub-menu-item" href="https://www.informa.com/investors/" title="INVESTOR RELATIONS" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">INVESTOR RELATIONS</a><span class="InformaBar-Delimiter">|</span><a class="InformaBar-SubMenuItem" data-testid="informa-bar-sub-menu-item" href="https://www.informa.com/talent/" title="TALENT" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">TALENT</a></div></div><div class="InformaBar-RightSection" data-testid="informa-bar-right-section">This site is operated by a business or businesses owned by Informa PLC and all copyright resides with them. Informa PLC's registered office is 5 Howick Place, London SW1P 1WG. Registered in England and Wales. Number 8860726.</div></div><div class="InformaBar-LogoSection" data-testid="informa-bar-logo-section" role="button" tabindex="0" aria-label="Open Informa bar"><div class="InformaBar-LogoWrapper"><img class="InformaBar-Logo" src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt="Logo Informa"/></div><span class="InformaBar-IconWrapper InformaBar-IconWrapper_closed"><svg viewBox="0 0 320 512" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="img" xml:space="preserve" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" fill="currentColor" height="100%"><path fill="#ffffff" d="M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z"></path></svg></span></div></div></div></div><div class="Navigation-SecondaryMenuWrapper"><div class="FullScreenBackground Navigation-SecondaryMenuBackground"></div><div class="Navigation-SecondaryMenu"><nav data-testid="SecondaryMenu" class="SecondaryMenu"><a class="SecondaryMenu-Link" target="_blank" href="https://informaconnect.com/bioprocess-international-events/?utm_source=bpi-publication&utm_medium=top-menu">BPI Events</a><a class="SecondaryMenu-Link" href="/about" data-discover="true">About</a><a class="SecondaryMenu-Link" target="_self" href="https://magazine.bioprocessintl.com/?pk=WEBS23B">Subscribe</a><a class="SecondaryMenu-Link" href="/contribute" data-discover="true">Contribute</a></nav></div></div><div style="padding-top:0px"></div><div id="navigation-header" class="Navigation-NavBase"><div data-testid="navBase" class="NavBase"><div class="NavBase-Content"><div class="FullScreenBackground NavBase-SecondaryMenuBackground"></div><div class="NavBase-HeaderWrapper"><div class="NavBase-IconsWrapper"><button data-testid="navBase-megaMenuButton" class="NavBase-MegaMenuButton" aria-label="Open Mega menu"><span data-component="icon" data-name="Bars" class="NavBase-MegaMenuIcon NavBase-MegaMenuIcon_iconVariant_small NavBase-MegaMenuIcon_iconType_bars" style="mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='18'%20height='15'%20viewBox='0%200%2018%2015'%3e%3cpath%20id='Hamburger'%20d='M17.518,70.234H.482A.48.48,0,0,1,0,69.755V68.479A.48.48,0,0,1,.482,68H17.518a.48.48,0,0,1,.482.479v1.277A.48.48,0,0,1,17.518,70.234Zm0,6.383H.482A.48.48,0,0,1,0,76.138V74.862a.48.48,0,0,1,.482-.479H17.518a.48.48,0,0,1,.482.479v1.277A.48.48,0,0,1,17.518,76.617Zm0,6.383H.482A.48.48,0,0,1,0,82.521V81.245a.48.48,0,0,1,.482-.479H17.518a.48.48,0,0,1,.482.479v1.277A.48.48,0,0,1,17.518,83Z'%20transform='translate(0%20-68)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='18'%20height='15'%20viewBox='0%200%2018%2015'%3e%3cpath%20id='Hamburger'%20d='M17.518,70.234H.482A.48.48,0,0,1,0,69.755V68.479A.48.48,0,0,1,.482,68H17.518a.48.48,0,0,1,.482.479v1.277A.48.48,0,0,1,17.518,70.234Zm0,6.383H.482A.48.48,0,0,1,0,76.138V74.862a.48.48,0,0,1,.482-.479H17.518a.48.48,0,0,1,.482.479v1.277A.48.48,0,0,1,17.518,76.617Zm0,6.383H.482A.48.48,0,0,1,0,82.521V81.245a.48.48,0,0,1,.482-.479H17.518a.48.48,0,0,1,.482.479v1.277A.48.48,0,0,1,17.518,83Z'%20transform='translate(0%20-68)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></button><button data-testid="SearchButtonDesktop" class="NavBase-SearchButtonDesktop" aria-label="Open Search"><span data-component="icon" data-name="Search" class="NavBase-SearchIcon NavBase-SearchIcon_iconVariant_large NavBase-SearchIcon_iconType_search" style="mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='22'%20height='21.789'%20viewBox='0%200%2022%2021.789'%3e%3cg%20id='search_icon'%20data-name='search%20icon'%20transform='translate(-1387%20-125)'%3e%3cpath%20id='search_icon-2'%20data-name='search%20icon'%20d='M1395.176,138.7a5.606,5.606,0,1,1,5.661-5.606A5.626,5.626,0,0,1,1395.176,138.7Zm7.547,0h-.994l-.351-.336a8.02,8.02,0,0,0,1.975-5.27,8.154,8.154,0,1,0-2.856,6.142l.34.349v.984l6.289,6.217,1.875-1.856Z'%20transform='translate(0%200)'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/svg%3e");-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='22'%20height='21.789'%20viewBox='0%200%2022%2021.789'%3e%3cg%20id='search_icon'%20data-name='search%20icon'%20transform='translate(-1387%20-125)'%3e%3cpath%20id='search_icon-2'%20data-name='search%20icon'%20d='M1395.176,138.7a5.606,5.606,0,1,1,5.661-5.606A5.626,5.626,0,0,1,1395.176,138.7Zm7.547,0h-.994l-.351-.336a8.02,8.02,0,0,0,1.975-5.27,8.154,8.154,0,1,0-2.856,6.142l.34.349v.984l6.289,6.217,1.875-1.856Z'%20transform='translate(0%200)'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/svg%3e");mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></button><button data-testid="SearchButtonTablet" class="NavBase-SearchButtonTablet" aria-label="Open Search in MegaMenu"><span data-component="icon" data-name="Search" class="NavBase-SearchIcon NavBase-SearchIcon_iconVariant_small NavBase-SearchIcon_iconType_search" style="mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='22'%20height='21.789'%20viewBox='0%200%2022%2021.789'%3e%3cg%20id='search_icon'%20data-name='search%20icon'%20transform='translate(-1387%20-125)'%3e%3cpath%20id='search_icon-2'%20data-name='search%20icon'%20d='M1395.176,138.7a5.606,5.606,0,1,1,5.661-5.606A5.626,5.626,0,0,1,1395.176,138.7Zm7.547,0h-.994l-.351-.336a8.02,8.02,0,0,0,1.975-5.27,8.154,8.154,0,1,0-2.856,6.142l.34.349v.984l6.289,6.217,1.875-1.856Z'%20transform='translate(0%200)'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/svg%3e");-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='22'%20height='21.789'%20viewBox='0%200%2022%2021.789'%3e%3cg%20id='search_icon'%20data-name='search%20icon'%20transform='translate(-1387%20-125)'%3e%3cpath%20id='search_icon-2'%20data-name='search%20icon'%20d='M1395.176,138.7a5.606,5.606,0,1,1,5.661-5.606A5.626,5.626,0,0,1,1395.176,138.7Zm7.547,0h-.994l-.351-.336a8.02,8.02,0,0,0,1.975-5.27,8.154,8.154,0,1,0-2.856,6.142l.34.349v.984l6.289,6.217,1.875-1.856Z'%20transform='translate(0%200)'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/svg%3e");mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></button></div><div class="NavBase-LogoWrapper"><button data-testid="navBase-LogoMegaMenuButton" class="NavBase-LogoMegaMenuButton" aria-label="Open Mega menu"><span data-component="icon" data-name="Bars" class="NavBase-LogoMegaMenuIcon NavBase-LogoMegaMenuIcon_iconVariant_small NavBase-LogoMegaMenuIcon_iconType_bars" style="mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='18'%20height='15'%20viewBox='0%200%2018%2015'%3e%3cpath%20id='Hamburger'%20d='M17.518,70.234H.482A.48.48,0,0,1,0,69.755V68.479A.48.48,0,0,1,.482,68H17.518a.48.48,0,0,1,.482.479v1.277A.48.48,0,0,1,17.518,70.234Zm0,6.383H.482A.48.48,0,0,1,0,76.138V74.862a.48.48,0,0,1,.482-.479H17.518a.48.48,0,0,1,.482.479v1.277A.48.48,0,0,1,17.518,76.617Zm0,6.383H.482A.48.48,0,0,1,0,82.521V81.245a.48.48,0,0,1,.482-.479H17.518a.48.48,0,0,1,.482.479v1.277A.48.48,0,0,1,17.518,83Z'%20transform='translate(0%20-68)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='18'%20height='15'%20viewBox='0%200%2018%2015'%3e%3cpath%20id='Hamburger'%20d='M17.518,70.234H.482A.48.48,0,0,1,0,69.755V68.479A.48.48,0,0,1,.482,68H17.518a.48.48,0,0,1,.482.479v1.277A.48.48,0,0,1,17.518,70.234Zm0,6.383H.482A.48.48,0,0,1,0,76.138V74.862a.48.48,0,0,1,.482-.479H17.518a.48.48,0,0,1,.482.479v1.277A.48.48,0,0,1,17.518,76.617Zm0,6.383H.482A.48.48,0,0,1,0,82.521V81.245a.48.48,0,0,1,.482-.479H17.518a.48.48,0,0,1,.482.479v1.277A.48.48,0,0,1,17.518,83Z'%20transform='translate(0%20-68)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></button><a class="NavBase-Logo" href="/" data-discover="true"><img data-testid="logo-image" data-component="image" class="NavBase-LogoImage" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blta6717ea597e88ac9/6540ff1e76ec82040a90a249/BPI_-_Logo.svg?width=476&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blta6717ea597e88ac9/6540ff1e76ec82040a90a249/BPI_-_Logo.svg?width=476&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="" title=""/></a></div><div class="NavBase-RegisterWrapper"><div data-module="newsletter-signup-promo"><div class="NewsletterSignupPromo-Button NewsletterSignupPromo-Button_small NewsletterSignupButton"><a data-component="button" data-testid="headerSmallNewsletterButton" class="Button Button_size_small Button_variant_primaryFilled" data-action-type="sign-up" data-name="subscribe-nav" href="https://magazine.bioprocessintl.com/?pk=WEBS23B" target="_blank"><span data-component="icon" data-name="Email" class="Button-Icon Button-Icon_position_left" style="mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='33.333'%20height='25'%20viewBox='0%200%2033.333%2025'%3e%3cpath%20id='Icon_awesome-envelope'%20data-name='Icon%20awesome-envelope'%20d='M32.7,12.755a.392.392,0,0,1,.632.306V26.375A3.126,3.126,0,0,1,30.208,29.5H3.125A3.126,3.126,0,0,1,0,26.375V13.068a.389.389,0,0,1,.632-.306c1.458,1.133,3.392,2.572,10.033,7.4,1.374,1,3.691,3.112,6,3.1,2.324.02,4.688-2.135,6.009-3.1C29.316,15.333,31.243,13.888,32.7,12.755ZM16.667,21.167c1.51.026,3.685-1.9,4.779-2.7,8.639-6.27,9.3-6.816,11.289-8.379a1.558,1.558,0,0,0,.6-1.23V7.625A3.126,3.126,0,0,0,30.208,4.5H3.125A3.126,3.126,0,0,0,0,7.625V8.862a1.567,1.567,0,0,0,.6,1.23c1.992,1.556,2.65,2.109,11.289,8.379C12.982,19.266,15.156,21.193,16.667,21.167Z'%20transform='translate(0%20-4.5)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='33.333'%20height='25'%20viewBox='0%200%2033.333%2025'%3e%3cpath%20id='Icon_awesome-envelope'%20data-name='Icon%20awesome-envelope'%20d='M32.7,12.755a.392.392,0,0,1,.632.306V26.375A3.126,3.126,0,0,1,30.208,29.5H3.125A3.126,3.126,0,0,1,0,26.375V13.068a.389.389,0,0,1,.632-.306c1.458,1.133,3.392,2.572,10.033,7.4,1.374,1,3.691,3.112,6,3.1,2.324.02,4.688-2.135,6.009-3.1C29.316,15.333,31.243,13.888,32.7,12.755ZM16.667,21.167c1.51.026,3.685-1.9,4.779-2.7,8.639-6.27,9.3-6.816,11.289-8.379a1.558,1.558,0,0,0,.6-1.23V7.625A3.126,3.126,0,0,0,30.208,4.5H3.125A3.126,3.126,0,0,0,0,7.625V8.862a1.567,1.567,0,0,0,.6,1.23c1.992,1.556,2.65,2.109,11.289,8.379C12.982,19.266,15.156,21.193,16.667,21.167Z'%20transform='translate(0%20-4.5)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span><span class="Button-ContentWrapper">Subscribe</span></a></div><div class="NewsletterSignupPromo-Button NewsletterSignupPromo-Button_medium NewsletterSignupButton"><div data-component="social-share" class="SocialShare SocialShare_variant_layout Layout-SocialShare"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" aria-label="Linkedin" class="Layout-SocialLink" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/bioprocess-international/"><span class="SocialShare-IconWrapper SocialShare-IconWrapper_variant_layout"><span data-component="icon" data-name="Linkedin" class="SocialShare-Icon SocialShare-Icon_variant_layout SocialShare-Icon_type_linkedin" style="mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20viewBox='0%200%20448%20512'%3e%3cpath%20d='M100.28%20448H7.4V148.9h92.88zM53.79%20108.1C24.09%20108.1%200%2083.5%200%2053.8a53.79%2053.79%200%200%201%20107.58%200c0%2029.7-24.1%2054.3-53.79%2054.3zM447.9%20448h-92.68V302.4c0-34.7-.7-79.2-48.29-79.2-48.29%200-55.69%2037.7-55.69%2076.7V448h-92.78V148.9h89.08v40.8h1.3c12.4-23.5%2042.69-48.3%2087.88-48.3%2094%200%20111.28%2061.9%20111.28%20142.3V448z'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20viewBox='0%200%20448%20512'%3e%3cpath%20d='M100.28%20448H7.4V148.9h92.88zM53.79%20108.1C24.09%20108.1%200%2083.5%200%2053.8a53.79%2053.79%200%200%201%20107.58%200c0%2029.7-24.1%2054.3-53.79%2054.3zM447.9%20448h-92.68V302.4c0-34.7-.7-79.2-48.29-79.2-48.29%200-55.69%2037.7-55.69%2076.7V448h-92.78V148.9h89.08v40.8h1.3c12.4-23.5%2042.69-48.3%2087.88-48.3%2094%200%20111.28%2061.9%20111.28%20142.3V448z'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></span></a><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" aria-label="Twitter" class="Layout-SocialLink" href="https://twitter.com/bioprocessintl"><span class="SocialShare-IconWrapper SocialShare-IconWrapper_variant_layout"><span data-component="icon" data-name="Twitter" class="SocialShare-Icon SocialShare-Icon_variant_layout SocialShare-Icon_type_twitter" style="mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20512%20512'%3e%3c!--!%20Font%20Awesome%20Pro%206.4.2%20by%20@fontawesome%20-%20https://fontawesome.com%20License%20-%20https://fontawesome.com/license%20(Commercial%20License)%20Copyright%202023%20Fonticons,%20Inc.%20--%3e%3cpath%20d='M389.2%2048h70.6L305.6%20224.2%20487%20464H345L233.7%20318.6%20106.5%20464H35.8L200.7%20275.5%2026.8%2048H172.4L272.9%20180.9%20389.2%2048zM364.4%20421.8h39.1L151.1%2088h-42L364.4%20421.8z'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20512%20512'%3e%3c!--!%20Font%20Awesome%20Pro%206.4.2%20by%20@fontawesome%20-%20https://fontawesome.com%20License%20-%20https://fontawesome.com/license%20(Commercial%20License)%20Copyright%202023%20Fonticons,%20Inc.%20--%3e%3cpath%20d='M389.2%2048h70.6L305.6%20224.2%20487%20464H345L233.7%20318.6%20106.5%20464H35.8L200.7%20275.5%2026.8%2048H172.4L272.9%20180.9%20389.2%2048zM364.4%20421.8h39.1L151.1%2088h-42L364.4%20421.8z'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></span></a><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" aria-label="Youtube" class="Layout-SocialLink" href="https://www.youtube.com/@bioprocessinternational2391"><span class="SocialShare-IconWrapper SocialShare-IconWrapper_variant_layout"><span data-component="icon" data-name="Youtube" class="SocialShare-Icon SocialShare-Icon_variant_layout SocialShare-Icon_type_youtube" style="mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20viewBox='0%200%20576%20512'%3e%3cpath%20d='M549.655%20124.083c-6.281-23.65-24.787-42.276-48.284-48.597C458.781%2064%20288%2064%20288%2064S117.22%2064%2074.629%2075.486c-23.497%206.322-42.003%2024.947-48.284%2048.597-11.412%2042.867-11.412%20132.305-11.412%20132.305s0%2089.438%2011.412%20132.305c6.281%2023.65%2024.787%2041.5%2048.284%2047.821C117.22%20448%20288%20448%20288%20448s170.78%200%20213.371-11.486c23.497-6.321%2042.003-24.171%2048.284-47.821%2011.412-42.867%2011.412-132.305%2011.412-132.305s0-89.438-11.412-132.305zm-317.51%20213.508V175.185l142.739%2081.205-142.739%2081.201z'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20viewBox='0%200%20576%20512'%3e%3cpath%20d='M549.655%20124.083c-6.281-23.65-24.787-42.276-48.284-48.597C458.781%2064%20288%2064%20288%2064S117.22%2064%2074.629%2075.486c-23.497%206.322-42.003%2024.947-48.284%2048.597-11.412%2042.867-11.412%20132.305-11.412%20132.305s0%2089.438%2011.412%20132.305c6.281%2023.65%2024.787%2041.5%2048.284%2047.821C117.22%20448%20288%20448%20288%20448s170.78%200%20213.371-11.486c23.497-6.321%2042.003-24.171%2048.284-47.821%2011.412-42.867%2011.412-132.305%2011.412-132.305s0-89.438-11.412-132.305zm-317.51%20213.508V175.185l142.739%2081.205-142.739%2081.201z'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></span></a></div><a data-component="button" data-testid="headerMediumNewsletterButton" class="Button Button_size_medium Button_variant_primaryFilled" data-action-type="sign-up" data-name="subscribe-nav" href="https://magazine.bioprocessintl.com/?pk=WEBS23B" target="_blank"><span data-component="icon" data-name="Email" class="Button-Icon Button-Icon_position_left" style="mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='33.333'%20height='25'%20viewBox='0%200%2033.333%2025'%3e%3cpath%20id='Icon_awesome-envelope'%20data-name='Icon%20awesome-envelope'%20d='M32.7,12.755a.392.392,0,0,1,.632.306V26.375A3.126,3.126,0,0,1,30.208,29.5H3.125A3.126,3.126,0,0,1,0,26.375V13.068a.389.389,0,0,1,.632-.306c1.458,1.133,3.392,2.572,10.033,7.4,1.374,1,3.691,3.112,6,3.1,2.324.02,4.688-2.135,6.009-3.1C29.316,15.333,31.243,13.888,32.7,12.755ZM16.667,21.167c1.51.026,3.685-1.9,4.779-2.7,8.639-6.27,9.3-6.816,11.289-8.379a1.558,1.558,0,0,0,.6-1.23V7.625A3.126,3.126,0,0,0,30.208,4.5H3.125A3.126,3.126,0,0,0,0,7.625V8.862a1.567,1.567,0,0,0,.6,1.23c1.992,1.556,2.65,2.109,11.289,8.379C12.982,19.266,15.156,21.193,16.667,21.167Z'%20transform='translate(0%20-4.5)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='33.333'%20height='25'%20viewBox='0%200%2033.333%2025'%3e%3cpath%20id='Icon_awesome-envelope'%20data-name='Icon%20awesome-envelope'%20d='M32.7,12.755a.392.392,0,0,1,.632.306V26.375A3.126,3.126,0,0,1,30.208,29.5H3.125A3.126,3.126,0,0,1,0,26.375V13.068a.389.389,0,0,1,.632-.306c1.458,1.133,3.392,2.572,10.033,7.4,1.374,1,3.691,3.112,6,3.1,2.324.02,4.688-2.135,6.009-3.1C29.316,15.333,31.243,13.888,32.7,12.755ZM16.667,21.167c1.51.026,3.685-1.9,4.779-2.7,8.639-6.27,9.3-6.816,11.289-8.379a1.558,1.558,0,0,0,.6-1.23V7.625A3.126,3.126,0,0,0,30.208,4.5H3.125A3.126,3.126,0,0,0,0,7.625V8.862a1.567,1.567,0,0,0,.6,1.23c1.992,1.556,2.65,2.109,11.289,8.379C12.982,19.266,15.156,21.193,16.667,21.167Z'%20transform='translate(0%20-4.5)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span><span class="Button-ContentWrapper">Subscribe</span></a></div></div><button data-testid="RegisterSearchButton" class="NavBase-RegisterSearchButton" aria-label="Open Search in MegaMenu"><span data-component="icon" data-name="Search" class="NavBase-SearchIcon NavBase-SearchIcon_iconVariant_large NavBase-SearchIcon_iconType_search" style="mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='22'%20height='21.789'%20viewBox='0%200%2022%2021.789'%3e%3cg%20id='search_icon'%20data-name='search%20icon'%20transform='translate(-1387%20-125)'%3e%3cpath%20id='search_icon-2'%20data-name='search%20icon'%20d='M1395.176,138.7a5.606,5.606,0,1,1,5.661-5.606A5.626,5.626,0,0,1,1395.176,138.7Zm7.547,0h-.994l-.351-.336a8.02,8.02,0,0,0,1.975-5.27,8.154,8.154,0,1,0-2.856,6.142l.34.349v.984l6.289,6.217,1.875-1.856Z'%20transform='translate(0%200)'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/svg%3e");-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='22'%20height='21.789'%20viewBox='0%200%2022%2021.789'%3e%3cg%20id='search_icon'%20data-name='search%20icon'%20transform='translate(-1387%20-125)'%3e%3cpath%20id='search_icon-2'%20data-name='search%20icon'%20d='M1395.176,138.7a5.606,5.606,0,1,1,5.661-5.606A5.626,5.626,0,0,1,1395.176,138.7Zm7.547,0h-.994l-.351-.336a8.02,8.02,0,0,0,1.975-5.27,8.154,8.154,0,1,0-2.856,6.142l.34.349v.984l6.289,6.217,1.875-1.856Z'%20transform='translate(0%200)'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/svg%3e");mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></button></div></div><div class="NavBase-SearchWrapper"><div class="FullScreenBackground NavBase-SearchBackground"></div><button data-testid="SearchCloseButton" class="NavBase-SearchCloseButton" aria-label="Close Search"><span data-component="icon" data-name="Close" class="NavBase-SearchIcon NavBase-SearchIcon_iconVariant_medium NavBase-SearchIcon_iconType_close" style="mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='18'%20height='18.001'%20viewBox='0%200%2018%2018.001'%3e%3cpath%20id='times'%20d='M11.685,105l6.059-6.059a.9.9,0,0,0,0-1.27L16.336,96.26a.9.9,0,0,0-1.27,0l-6.059,6.06L2.948,96.261a.9.9,0,0,0-1.27,0L.27,97.668a.9.9,0,0,0,0,1.27L6.33,105,.27,111.057a.9.9,0,0,0,0,1.27l1.408,1.408a.9.9,0,0,0,1.27,0l6.059-6.06,6.059,6.059a.9.9,0,0,0,1.27,0l1.408-1.408a.9.9,0,0,0,0-1.27Z'%20transform='translate(-0.008%20-95.998)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='18'%20height='18.001'%20viewBox='0%200%2018%2018.001'%3e%3cpath%20id='times'%20d='M11.685,105l6.059-6.059a.9.9,0,0,0,0-1.27L16.336,96.26a.9.9,0,0,0-1.27,0l-6.059,6.06L2.948,96.261a.9.9,0,0,0-1.27,0L.27,97.668a.9.9,0,0,0,0,1.27L6.33,105,.27,111.057a.9.9,0,0,0,0,1.27l1.408,1.408a.9.9,0,0,0,1.27,0l6.059-6.06,6.059,6.059a.9.9,0,0,0,1.27,0l1.408-1.408a.9.9,0,0,0,0-1.27Z'%20transform='translate(-0.008%20-95.998)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></button></div></div></div><div class="Navigation-MainMenu"><div data-testid="mainMenu"><div class="FullScreenBackground MainMenu-BackgroundSubmenu"></div><div class="FullScreenBackground MainMenu-BackgroundMenuItem"></div><div class="MainMenu-Content"><div class="MainMenu-MegaMenuButtonWrapper"><button data-testid="mainMenu-MegaMenuButton" aria-label="Open MegaMenu" class="MainMenu-MegaMenuButton"><span data-component="icon" data-name="Bars" class="MainMenu-MegaMenuIcon" style="mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='18'%20height='15'%20viewBox='0%200%2018%2015'%3e%3cpath%20id='Hamburger'%20d='M17.518,70.234H.482A.48.48,0,0,1,0,69.755V68.479A.48.48,0,0,1,.482,68H17.518a.48.48,0,0,1,.482.479v1.277A.48.48,0,0,1,17.518,70.234Zm0,6.383H.482A.48.48,0,0,1,0,76.138V74.862a.48.48,0,0,1,.482-.479H17.518a.48.48,0,0,1,.482.479v1.277A.48.48,0,0,1,17.518,76.617Zm0,6.383H.482A.48.48,0,0,1,0,82.521V81.245a.48.48,0,0,1,.482-.479H17.518a.48.48,0,0,1,.482.479v1.277A.48.48,0,0,1,17.518,83Z'%20transform='translate(0%20-68)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='18'%20height='15'%20viewBox='0%200%2018%2015'%3e%3cpath%20id='Hamburger'%20d='M17.518,70.234H.482A.48.48,0,0,1,0,69.755V68.479A.48.48,0,0,1,.482,68H17.518a.48.48,0,0,1,.482.479v1.277A.48.48,0,0,1,17.518,70.234Zm0,6.383H.482A.48.48,0,0,1,0,76.138V74.862a.48.48,0,0,1,.482-.479H17.518a.48.48,0,0,1,.482.479v1.277A.48.48,0,0,1,17.518,76.617Zm0,6.383H.482A.48.48,0,0,1,0,82.521V81.245a.48.48,0,0,1,.482-.479H17.518a.48.48,0,0,1,.482.479v1.277A.48.48,0,0,1,17.518,83Z'%20transform='translate(0%20-68)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></button></div><div class="MainMenu-ItemsWrapper" role="menu"><div class="MainMenu-MenuItemWrapper"><div class="MainMenu-MenuItem" role="menuitem" tabindex="0" data-testid="openSubMenu" aria-label="Open Sub menu of Upstream"><span class="MainMenu-MainTitle">Upstream<span data-component="icon" data-name="ChevronDown" class="MainMenu-SubMenuIcon" style="mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='21'%20height='13'%20viewBox='0%200%2021%2013'%3e%3cpath%20id='Icon_awesome-chevron-right'%20data-name='Icon%20awesome-chevron-right'%20d='M12.655,11.316,3.122,20.662a1.194,1.194,0,0,1-1.665,0L.345,19.572a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L7.9,10.5.343,3.058a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L1.457.338a1.194,1.194,0,0,1,1.665,0l9.533,9.346A1.138,1.138,0,0,1,12.655,11.316Z'%20transform='translate(21)%20rotate(90)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='21'%20height='13'%20viewBox='0%200%2021%2013'%3e%3cpath%20id='Icon_awesome-chevron-right'%20data-name='Icon%20awesome-chevron-right'%20d='M12.655,11.316,3.122,20.662a1.194,1.194,0,0,1-1.665,0L.345,19.572a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L7.9,10.5.343,3.058a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L1.457.338a1.194,1.194,0,0,1,1.665,0l9.533,9.346A1.138,1.138,0,0,1,12.655,11.316Z'%20transform='translate(21)%20rotate(90)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></span></div><div class="MainMenu-SubMenuWrapper"><div class="MainMenu-SubMenuContent"><div data-module="sub-menu" class="SubMenu MainMenu-SubMenu" role="presentation"><div class="SubMenu-Container"><div class="SubMenu-RelatedTopicsWrapper"><h4 class="SubMenu-RelatedTopics">Related Topics</h4><div class="SubMenu-CasualLinkWrapper" data-testid="related"><ul class="SubMenu-CasualLinkList"><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/upstream-processing/bioreactors" data-discover="true">Bioreactors</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/upstream-processing/biochemicals-raw-materials" data-discover="true">Biochemicals/Raw Materials</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/upstream-processing/cell-culture-media" data-discover="true">Cell Culture Media</a></li></ul><ul class="SubMenu-CasualLinkList"><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/upstream-processing/expression-platforms" data-discover="true">Expression Platforms</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/upstream-processing/microbial-cell-culture" data-discover="true">Microbial Cell Culture</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/upstream-processing/perfusion-cell-culture" data-discover="true">Perfusion Cell Culture</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="SubMenu-RecentContentWrapper" data-testid="recent"><div class="SubMenu-RecentContentHeading"><h4 data-testid="recent-title" class="SubMenu-RecentText">Recent in <a class="SubMenu-RecentTopicTerm" href="/upstream-processing" data-discover="true">Upstream</a></h4><div data-testid="see-more" class="SubMenu-SeeMore"><a class="SubMenu-MoreContent" href="/upstream-processing" data-discover="true"><span class="SubMenu-SeeMoreText">See all</span><span data-component="icon" data-name="ChevronRight" class="SubMenu-SeeMoreIcon" style="mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='13'%20height='21'%20viewBox='0%200%2013%2021'%3e%3cpath%20id='Icon_awesome-chevron-right'%20data-name='Icon%20awesome-chevron-right'%20d='M12.655,11.316,3.122,20.662a1.194,1.194,0,0,1-1.665,0L.345,19.572a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L7.9,10.5.343,3.058a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L1.457.338a1.194,1.194,0,0,1,1.665,0l9.533,9.346A1.138,1.138,0,0,1,12.655,11.316Z'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='13'%20height='21'%20viewBox='0%200%2013%2021'%3e%3cpath%20id='Icon_awesome-chevron-right'%20data-name='Icon%20awesome-chevron-right'%20d='M12.655,11.316,3.122,20.662a1.194,1.194,0,0,1-1.665,0L.345,19.572a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L7.9,10.5.343,3.058a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L1.457.338a1.194,1.194,0,0,1,1.665,0l9.533,9.346A1.138,1.138,0,0,1,12.655,11.316Z'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></a></div></div><div class="SubMenu-ContentWrapper"><div class="ContentPreview" data-module="content-preview" data-variant="card-vertical"><div class="ContentPreview-Wrapper ContentPreview-Wrapper_variant_cardVertical"><a data-testid="thumbnail" href="/biochemicals-raw-materials/buffer-and-solution-mixing-time-validation-a-risk-assessment-framework-for-analysts-using-matrix-and-bracketing-approaches" data-discover="true"><div class="ContentPreview-ImageContainer"><span data-testid="content-preview-screen-reader-text" class="ContentPreview-ImageScreenReaderText">Comprehensive risk assessment framework</span><img data-testid="content-preview-image" data-component="image" class="ContentPreview-Image" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/bltc589a84e0667e567/67a27f673ad81b7c44f55fd1/23-1-2-Muralidharan-F1.jpg?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/bltc589a84e0667e567/67a27f673ad81b7c44f55fd1/23-1-2-Muralidharan-F1.jpg?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="" title=""/></div></a><a data-component="keyword" class="Keyword Keyword_variant_standard Keyword_title_biochemicalsRawMaterials ContentPreview-Category" href="/upstream-processing/biochemicals-raw-materials" data-discover="true">Biochemicals/Raw Materials</a><div class="VerticalCard"><div class="VerticalCard-Body"><a class="VerticalCard-Title VerticalCard-Title_displayOption_default" data-testid="preview-default-title" href="/biochemicals-raw-materials/buffer-and-solution-mixing-time-validation-a-risk-assessment-framework-for-analysts-using-matrix-and-bracketing-approaches" data-discover="true">Buffer and Solution Mixing-Time Validation: A Risk-Assessment Framework for Analysts Using Matrix and Bracketing Approaches</a><a class="VerticalCard-Title VerticalCard-Title_displayOption_mobile" data-testid="preview-mobile-title" href="/biochemicals-raw-materials/buffer-and-solution-mixing-time-validation-a-risk-assessment-framework-for-analysts-using-matrix-and-bracketing-approaches" data-discover="true">Buffer and Solution Mixing-Time Validation: A Risk-Assessment Framework for Analysts Using Matrix and Bracketing Approaches</a><div class="Contributors Contributors_variant_slimline VerticalCard-ContributorsWrapper" data-component="contributors"><div class="Contributors-InfoWrapper"><span class="Contributors-ByText" data-testid="by-text">by</span><a class="Contributors-ContributorName Contributors-ContributorName_showComma" data-testid="contributor-name" href="/author/naveenganesh-muralidharan" data-discover="true">Naveenganesh Muralidharan, </a><a class="Contributors-ContributorName" data-testid="contributor-name" href="/author/leya-s-rose" data-discover="true">Leya S. Rose</a><span class="Contributors-MoreText" data-testid="more-text">and 6 more</span></div></div></div><div class="VerticalCard-Footer"><span class="VerticalCard-Date" data-testid="vertical-card-date">Jan 29, 2025</span></div></div></div></div><div class="ContentPreview" data-module="content-preview" data-variant="card-vertical"><div class="ContentPreview-Wrapper ContentPreview-Wrapper_variant_cardVertical"><a data-testid="thumbnail" href="/bioreactors/lessons-in-bioreactor-scale-up-part-5-theoretical-and-empirical-correlations-for-predicting-the-mass-transfer-coefficient-in-stirred-tank-bioreactors" data-discover="true"><div class="ContentPreview-ImageContainer"><span data-testid="content-preview-screen-reader-text" class="ContentPreview-ImageScreenReaderText">thumbnail</span><img data-testid="content-preview-image" data-component="image" class="ContentPreview-Image" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/bltf87c53dcd95cf5e8/67a2709e17cb41875b500115/23-1-2-Chaudhry-P1b.jpg?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/bltf87c53dcd95cf5e8/67a2709e17cb41875b500115/23-1-2-Chaudhry-P1b.jpg?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="" title=""/></div></a><a data-component="keyword" class="Keyword Keyword_variant_standard Keyword_title_bioreactors ContentPreview-Category" href="/upstream-processing/bioreactors" data-discover="true">Bioreactors</a><div class="VerticalCard"><div class="VerticalCard-Body"><a class="VerticalCard-Title VerticalCard-Title_displayOption_default" data-testid="preview-default-title" href="/bioreactors/lessons-in-bioreactor-scale-up-part-5-theoretical-and-empirical-correlations-for-predicting-the-mass-transfer-coefficient-in-stirred-tank-bioreactors" data-discover="true">Lessons in Bioreactor Scale-Up, Part 5: Theoretical and Empirical Correlations for Predicting the Mass-Transfer Coefficient in Stirred-Tank Bioreactors</a><a class="VerticalCard-Title VerticalCard-Title_displayOption_mobile" data-testid="preview-mobile-title" href="/bioreactors/lessons-in-bioreactor-scale-up-part-5-theoretical-and-empirical-correlations-for-predicting-the-mass-transfer-coefficient-in-stirred-tank-bioreactors" data-discover="true">Lessons in Bioreactor Scale-Up, Part 5: Theoretical and Empirical Correlations for Predicting the Mass-Transfer Coefficient in Stirred-Tank Bioreactors</a><div class="Contributors Contributors_variant_slimline VerticalCard-ContributorsWrapper" data-component="contributors"><div class="Contributors-InfoWrapper"><span class="Contributors-ByText" data-testid="by-text">by</span><a class="Contributors-ContributorName" data-testid="contributor-name" href="/author/muhammad-arshad-chaudhry" data-discover="true">Muhammad Arshad Chaudhry</a></div></div></div><div class="VerticalCard-Footer"><span class="VerticalCard-Date" data-testid="vertical-card-date">Jan 29, 2025</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="MainMenu-MenuItemWrapper"><div class="MainMenu-MenuItem" role="menuitem" tabindex="0" data-testid="openSubMenu" aria-label="Open Sub menu of Downstream"><span class="MainMenu-MainTitle">Downstream<span data-component="icon" data-name="ChevronDown" class="MainMenu-SubMenuIcon" style="mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='21'%20height='13'%20viewBox='0%200%2021%2013'%3e%3cpath%20id='Icon_awesome-chevron-right'%20data-name='Icon%20awesome-chevron-right'%20d='M12.655,11.316,3.122,20.662a1.194,1.194,0,0,1-1.665,0L.345,19.572a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L7.9,10.5.343,3.058a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L1.457.338a1.194,1.194,0,0,1,1.665,0l9.533,9.346A1.138,1.138,0,0,1,12.655,11.316Z'%20transform='translate(21)%20rotate(90)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='21'%20height='13'%20viewBox='0%200%2021%2013'%3e%3cpath%20id='Icon_awesome-chevron-right'%20data-name='Icon%20awesome-chevron-right'%20d='M12.655,11.316,3.122,20.662a1.194,1.194,0,0,1-1.665,0L.345,19.572a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L7.9,10.5.343,3.058a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L1.457.338a1.194,1.194,0,0,1,1.665,0l9.533,9.346A1.138,1.138,0,0,1,12.655,11.316Z'%20transform='translate(21)%20rotate(90)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></span></div><div class="MainMenu-SubMenuWrapper"><div class="MainMenu-SubMenuContent"><div data-module="sub-menu" class="SubMenu MainMenu-SubMenu" role="presentation"><div class="SubMenu-Container"><div class="SubMenu-RelatedTopicsWrapper"><h4 class="SubMenu-RelatedTopics">Related Topics</h4><div class="SubMenu-CasualLinkWrapper" data-testid="related"><ul class="SubMenu-CasualLinkList"><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/downstream-processing/chromatography" data-discover="true">Chromatography</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/downstream-processing/filtration" data-discover="true">Filtration</a></li></ul><ul class="SubMenu-CasualLinkList"><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/downstream-processing/separation-purification" data-discover="true">Separation/Purification</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/downstream-processing/viral-clearance" data-discover="true">Viral Clearance</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="SubMenu-RecentContentWrapper" data-testid="recent"><div class="SubMenu-RecentContentHeading"><h4 data-testid="recent-title" class="SubMenu-RecentText">Recent in <a class="SubMenu-RecentTopicTerm" href="/downstream-processing" data-discover="true">Downstream</a></h4><div data-testid="see-more" class="SubMenu-SeeMore"><a class="SubMenu-MoreContent" href="/downstream-processing" data-discover="true"><span class="SubMenu-SeeMoreText">See all</span><span data-component="icon" data-name="ChevronRight" class="SubMenu-SeeMoreIcon" style="mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='13'%20height='21'%20viewBox='0%200%2013%2021'%3e%3cpath%20id='Icon_awesome-chevron-right'%20data-name='Icon%20awesome-chevron-right'%20d='M12.655,11.316,3.122,20.662a1.194,1.194,0,0,1-1.665,0L.345,19.572a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L7.9,10.5.343,3.058a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L1.457.338a1.194,1.194,0,0,1,1.665,0l9.533,9.346A1.138,1.138,0,0,1,12.655,11.316Z'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='13'%20height='21'%20viewBox='0%200%2013%2021'%3e%3cpath%20id='Icon_awesome-chevron-right'%20data-name='Icon%20awesome-chevron-right'%20d='M12.655,11.316,3.122,20.662a1.194,1.194,0,0,1-1.665,0L.345,19.572a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L7.9,10.5.343,3.058a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L1.457.338a1.194,1.194,0,0,1,1.665,0l9.533,9.346A1.138,1.138,0,0,1,12.655,11.316Z'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></a></div></div><div class="SubMenu-ContentWrapper"><div class="ContentPreview" data-module="content-preview" data-variant="card-vertical"><div class="ContentPreview-Wrapper ContentPreview-Wrapper_variant_cardVertical"><a data-testid="thumbnail" href="/sponsored-content/demonstrating-a-modular-selectivity-with-a-weak-aex-hic-resin-for-achieving-high-mab-purity-and-recovery-in-a-downstream-process" data-discover="true"><div class="ContentPreview-ImageContainer"><span data-testid="content-preview-screen-reader-text" class="ContentPreview-ImageScreenReaderText">Bio-Rad BPI Ask the Expert Webcast</span><img data-testid="content-preview-image" data-component="image" class="ContentPreview-Image" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blt5691068cc5ce2569/679926933480ae3dafc1b9c4/01-28-2025-Bio-Rad-ATE-slide1.jpg?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blt5691068cc5ce2569/679926933480ae3dafc1b9c4/01-28-2025-Bio-Rad-ATE-slide1.jpg?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="" title=""/></div></a><span data-component="keyword" class="Keyword Keyword_variant_standard Keyword_title_sponsoredContent Keyword_disabled ContentPreview-Category ContentPreview-Category_isSponsoredContent">Sponsored Content</span><a class="ContentPreview-IconWrapper" title="Link to all webinar" data-testid="content-preview-icon-link" href="/webinars" data-discover="true"><span data-component="icon" data-name="ChalkBoard" class="ContentPreview-Icon" style="mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='17.5'%20height='14'%20viewBox='0%200%2017.5%2014'%3e%3cpath%20id='Icon_awesome-chalkboard-teacher'%20data-name='Icon%20awesome-chalkboard-teacher'%20d='M5.687,9.625a.626.626,0,0,0-.193.03,3.607,3.607,0,0,1-1.119.189,3.61,3.61,0,0,1-1.12-.189.624.624,0,0,0-.193-.03A3.063,3.063,0,0,0,0,12.7,1.309,1.309,0,0,0,1.312,14H7.437A1.309,1.309,0,0,0,8.75,12.7,3.063,3.063,0,0,0,5.687,9.625ZM4.375,8.75A2.625,2.625,0,1,0,1.75,6.125,2.625,2.625,0,0,0,4.375,8.75ZM16.187,0H5.687A1.336,1.336,0,0,0,4.375,1.356V2.625a3.46,3.46,0,0,1,1.75.487V1.75H15.75V9.625H14V7.875H10.5v1.75H8.415A3.485,3.485,0,0,1,9.5,11.375h6.687A1.336,1.336,0,0,0,17.5,10.019V1.356A1.336,1.336,0,0,0,16.187,0Z'%20transform='translate(0)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='17.5'%20height='14'%20viewBox='0%200%2017.5%2014'%3e%3cpath%20id='Icon_awesome-chalkboard-teacher'%20data-name='Icon%20awesome-chalkboard-teacher'%20d='M5.687,9.625a.626.626,0,0,0-.193.03,3.607,3.607,0,0,1-1.119.189,3.61,3.61,0,0,1-1.12-.189.624.624,0,0,0-.193-.03A3.063,3.063,0,0,0,0,12.7,1.309,1.309,0,0,0,1.312,14H7.437A1.309,1.309,0,0,0,8.75,12.7,3.063,3.063,0,0,0,5.687,9.625ZM4.375,8.75A2.625,2.625,0,1,0,1.75,6.125,2.625,2.625,0,0,0,4.375,8.75ZM16.187,0H5.687A1.336,1.336,0,0,0,4.375,1.356V2.625a3.46,3.46,0,0,1,1.75.487V1.75H15.75V9.625H14V7.875H10.5v1.75H8.415A3.485,3.485,0,0,1,9.5,11.375h6.687A1.336,1.336,0,0,0,17.5,10.019V1.356A1.336,1.336,0,0,0,16.187,0Z'%20transform='translate(0)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></a><div class="VerticalCard"><div class="VerticalCard-Body"><a class="VerticalCard-Title VerticalCard-Title_displayOption_default" data-testid="preview-default-title" href="/sponsored-content/demonstrating-a-modular-selectivity-with-a-weak-aex-hic-resin-for-achieving-high-mab-purity-and-recovery-in-a-downstream-process" data-discover="true">Demonstrating a Modular Selectivity With a Weak AEX-HIC Resin for Achieving High mAb Purity and Recovery in a Downstream Process</a><a class="VerticalCard-Title VerticalCard-Title_displayOption_mobile" data-testid="preview-mobile-title" href="/sponsored-content/demonstrating-a-modular-selectivity-with-a-weak-aex-hic-resin-for-achieving-high-mab-purity-and-recovery-in-a-downstream-process" data-discover="true">Demonstrating a Modular Selectivity With a Weak AEX-HIC Resin for Achieving High mAb Purity and Recovery in a Downstream Process</a><div class="Contributors Contributors_variant_slimline VerticalCard-ContributorsWrapper" data-component="contributors"><div class="Contributors-InfoWrapper"><span class="Contributors-ByText" data-testid="by-text">by</span><a class="Contributors-ContributorName" data-testid="contributor-name" href="/author/bpi-contributor" data-discover="true">BPI Contributor</a></div></div></div><div class="VerticalCard-Footer"><span class="VerticalCard-Date" data-testid="vertical-card-date">Jan 28, 2025</span><div data-module="card-time" class="CardTime"><div data-component="article-read-time" class="ArticleReadTime ArticleReadTime_size_small CardTime-ReadTime"><span>15 Min View</span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ContentPreview" data-module="content-preview" data-variant="card-vertical"><div class="ContentPreview-Wrapper ContentPreview-Wrapper_variant_cardVertical"><a data-testid="thumbnail" href="/sponsored-content/advanced-saccharide-solutions-in-biopharmaceutical-development-paving-the-way-for-product-stability-and-environmental-sustainability" data-discover="true"><div class="ContentPreview-ImageContainer"><span data-testid="content-preview-screen-reader-text" class="ContentPreview-ImageScreenReaderText">Nagase special report</span><img data-testid="content-preview-image" data-component="image" class="ContentPreview-Image" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blt8caf0437044d9bb7/67576744c003e965530d6724/22-11-12-CR-Nagase-Cover-Wide.png?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blt8caf0437044d9bb7/67576744c003e965530d6724/22-11-12-CR-Nagase-Cover-Wide.png?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="" title=""/></div></a><span data-component="keyword" class="Keyword Keyword_variant_standard Keyword_title_sponsoredContent Keyword_disabled ContentPreview-Category ContentPreview-Category_isSponsoredContent">Sponsored Content</span><div class="VerticalCard"><div class="VerticalCard-Body"><a class="VerticalCard-Title VerticalCard-Title_displayOption_default" data-testid="preview-default-title" href="/sponsored-content/advanced-saccharide-solutions-in-biopharmaceutical-development-paving-the-way-for-product-stability-and-environmental-sustainability" data-discover="true">Advanced Saccharide Solutions in Biopharmaceutical Development: Paving the Way for Product Stability and Environmental Sustainability</a><a class="VerticalCard-Title VerticalCard-Title_displayOption_mobile" data-testid="preview-mobile-title" href="/sponsored-content/advanced-saccharide-solutions-in-biopharmaceutical-development-paving-the-way-for-product-stability-and-environmental-sustainability" data-discover="true">Advanced Saccharide Solutions in Biopharmaceutical Development: Paving the Way for Product Stability and Environmental Sustainability</a><div class="Contributors Contributors_variant_slimline VerticalCard-ContributorsWrapper" data-component="contributors"><div class="Contributors-InfoWrapper"><span class="Contributors-ByText" data-testid="by-text">by</span><a class="Contributors-ContributorName Contributors-ContributorName_showComma" data-testid="contributor-name" href="/author/untitled" data-discover="true">Yosuke Shimojo, </a><a class="Contributors-ContributorName" data-testid="contributor-name" href="/author/untitled" data-discover="true">Toshio Ariyasu</a><span class="Contributors-MoreText" data-testid="more-text">and 1 more</span></div></div></div><div class="VerticalCard-Footer"><span class="VerticalCard-Date" data-testid="vertical-card-date">Dec 9, 2024</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="MainMenu-MenuItemWrapper"><div class="MainMenu-MenuItem" role="menuitem" tabindex="0" data-testid="openSubMenu" aria-label="Open Sub menu of Manufacturing"><span class="MainMenu-MainTitle">Manufacturing<span data-component="icon" data-name="ChevronDown" class="MainMenu-SubMenuIcon" style="mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='21'%20height='13'%20viewBox='0%200%2021%2013'%3e%3cpath%20id='Icon_awesome-chevron-right'%20data-name='Icon%20awesome-chevron-right'%20d='M12.655,11.316,3.122,20.662a1.194,1.194,0,0,1-1.665,0L.345,19.572a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L7.9,10.5.343,3.058a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L1.457.338a1.194,1.194,0,0,1,1.665,0l9.533,9.346A1.138,1.138,0,0,1,12.655,11.316Z'%20transform='translate(21)%20rotate(90)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='21'%20height='13'%20viewBox='0%200%2021%2013'%3e%3cpath%20id='Icon_awesome-chevron-right'%20data-name='Icon%20awesome-chevron-right'%20d='M12.655,11.316,3.122,20.662a1.194,1.194,0,0,1-1.665,0L.345,19.572a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L7.9,10.5.343,3.058a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L1.457.338a1.194,1.194,0,0,1,1.665,0l9.533,9.346A1.138,1.138,0,0,1,12.655,11.316Z'%20transform='translate(21)%20rotate(90)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></span></div><div class="MainMenu-SubMenuWrapper"><div class="MainMenu-SubMenuContent"><div data-module="sub-menu" class="SubMenu MainMenu-SubMenu" role="presentation"><div class="SubMenu-Container"><div class="SubMenu-RelatedTopicsWrapper"><h4 class="SubMenu-RelatedTopics">Related Topics</h4><div class="SubMenu-CasualLinkWrapper" data-testid="related"><ul class="SubMenu-CasualLinkList"><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/manufacturing/biosimilars" data-discover="true">Biosimilars</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/manufacturing/continuous-bioprocessing" data-discover="true">Continuous Bioprocessing</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/manufacturing/facility-design-engineering" data-discover="true">Facility Design/Engineering</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/manufacturing/formulation" data-discover="true">Formulation</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/manufacturing/single-use" data-discover="true">Single Use</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/manufacturing/fill-finish" data-discover="true">Fill/Finish</a></li></ul><ul class="SubMenu-CasualLinkList"><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/manufacturing/information-technology" data-discover="true">Information Technology</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/manufacturing/process-monitoring-and-controls" data-discover="true">Process Monitoring and Controls</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/manufacturing/supply-chain" data-discover="true">Supply Chain</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/manufacturing/validation" data-discover="true">Validation</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/manufacturing/cmc-forums" data-discover="true">CMC Forums</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="SubMenu-RecentContentWrapper" data-testid="recent"><div class="SubMenu-RecentContentHeading"><h4 data-testid="recent-title" class="SubMenu-RecentText">Recent in <a class="SubMenu-RecentTopicTerm" href="/manufacturing" data-discover="true">Manufacturing</a></h4><div data-testid="see-more" class="SubMenu-SeeMore"><a class="SubMenu-MoreContent" href="/manufacturing" data-discover="true"><span class="SubMenu-SeeMoreText">See all</span><span data-component="icon" data-name="ChevronRight" class="SubMenu-SeeMoreIcon" style="mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='13'%20height='21'%20viewBox='0%200%2013%2021'%3e%3cpath%20id='Icon_awesome-chevron-right'%20data-name='Icon%20awesome-chevron-right'%20d='M12.655,11.316,3.122,20.662a1.194,1.194,0,0,1-1.665,0L.345,19.572a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L7.9,10.5.343,3.058a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L1.457.338a1.194,1.194,0,0,1,1.665,0l9.533,9.346A1.138,1.138,0,0,1,12.655,11.316Z'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='13'%20height='21'%20viewBox='0%200%2013%2021'%3e%3cpath%20id='Icon_awesome-chevron-right'%20data-name='Icon%20awesome-chevron-right'%20d='M12.655,11.316,3.122,20.662a1.194,1.194,0,0,1-1.665,0L.345,19.572a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L7.9,10.5.343,3.058a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L1.457.338a1.194,1.194,0,0,1,1.665,0l9.533,9.346A1.138,1.138,0,0,1,12.655,11.316Z'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></a></div></div><div class="SubMenu-ContentWrapper"><div class="ContentPreview" data-module="content-preview" data-variant="card-vertical"><div class="ContentPreview-Wrapper ContentPreview-Wrapper_variant_cardVertical"><a data-testid="thumbnail" href="/careers-training/a-key-talent-and-expertise-required-for-continuous-versus-batch-biomanufacturing" data-discover="true"><div class="ContentPreview-ImageContainer"><span data-testid="content-preview-screen-reader-text" class="ContentPreview-ImageScreenReaderText">elucidation</span><img data-testid="content-preview-image" data-component="image" class="ContentPreview-Image" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blt96e9b438bad36d62/66edaf1d1611d7bb09409348/elucidation-site.png?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blt96e9b438bad36d62/66edaf1d1611d7bb09409348/elucidation-site.png?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="" title=""/></div></a><a data-component="keyword" class="Keyword Keyword_variant_standard Keyword_title_careersTraining ContentPreview-Category" href="/business/careers-training" data-discover="true">Careers & Training</a><div class="VerticalCard"><div class="VerticalCard-Body"><a class="VerticalCard-Title VerticalCard-Title_displayOption_default" data-testid="preview-default-title" href="/careers-training/a-key-talent-and-expertise-required-for-continuous-versus-batch-biomanufacturing" data-discover="true">A Key Talent and Expertise Required for Continuous Versus Batch Biomanufacturing</a><a class="VerticalCard-Title VerticalCard-Title_displayOption_mobile" data-testid="preview-mobile-title" href="/careers-training/a-key-talent-and-expertise-required-for-continuous-versus-batch-biomanufacturing" data-discover="true">A Key Talent and Expertise Required for Continuous Versus Batch Biomanufacturing</a><div class="Contributors Contributors_variant_slimline VerticalCard-ContributorsWrapper" data-component="contributors"><div class="Contributors-InfoWrapper"><span class="Contributors-ByText" data-testid="by-text">by</span><a class="Contributors-ContributorName Contributors-ContributorName_showComma" data-testid="contributor-name" href="/author/jason-beckwith" data-discover="true">Jason Beckwith, </a><a class="Contributors-ContributorName" data-testid="contributor-name" href="/author/william-nixon" data-discover="true">William Nixon</a><span class="Contributors-MoreText" data-testid="more-text">and 2 more</span></div></div></div><div class="VerticalCard-Footer"><span class="VerticalCard-Date" data-testid="vertical-card-date">Jan 29, 2025</span></div></div></div></div><div class="ContentPreview" data-module="content-preview" data-variant="card-vertical"><div class="ContentPreview-Wrapper ContentPreview-Wrapper_variant_cardVertical"><a data-testid="thumbnail" href="/biochemicals-raw-materials/buffer-and-solution-mixing-time-validation-a-risk-assessment-framework-for-analysts-using-matrix-and-bracketing-approaches" data-discover="true"><div class="ContentPreview-ImageContainer"><span data-testid="content-preview-screen-reader-text" class="ContentPreview-ImageScreenReaderText">Comprehensive risk assessment framework</span><img data-testid="content-preview-image" data-component="image" class="ContentPreview-Image" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/bltc589a84e0667e567/67a27f673ad81b7c44f55fd1/23-1-2-Muralidharan-F1.jpg?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/bltc589a84e0667e567/67a27f673ad81b7c44f55fd1/23-1-2-Muralidharan-F1.jpg?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="" title=""/></div></a><a data-component="keyword" class="Keyword Keyword_variant_standard Keyword_title_biochemicalsRawMaterials ContentPreview-Category" href="/upstream-processing/biochemicals-raw-materials" data-discover="true">Biochemicals/Raw Materials</a><div class="VerticalCard"><div class="VerticalCard-Body"><a class="VerticalCard-Title VerticalCard-Title_displayOption_default" data-testid="preview-default-title" href="/biochemicals-raw-materials/buffer-and-solution-mixing-time-validation-a-risk-assessment-framework-for-analysts-using-matrix-and-bracketing-approaches" data-discover="true">Buffer and Solution Mixing-Time Validation: A Risk-Assessment Framework for Analysts Using Matrix and Bracketing Approaches</a><a class="VerticalCard-Title VerticalCard-Title_displayOption_mobile" data-testid="preview-mobile-title" href="/biochemicals-raw-materials/buffer-and-solution-mixing-time-validation-a-risk-assessment-framework-for-analysts-using-matrix-and-bracketing-approaches" data-discover="true">Buffer and Solution Mixing-Time Validation: A Risk-Assessment Framework for Analysts Using Matrix and Bracketing Approaches</a><div class="Contributors Contributors_variant_slimline VerticalCard-ContributorsWrapper" data-component="contributors"><div class="Contributors-InfoWrapper"><span class="Contributors-ByText" data-testid="by-text">by</span><a class="Contributors-ContributorName Contributors-ContributorName_showComma" data-testid="contributor-name" href="/author/naveenganesh-muralidharan" data-discover="true">Naveenganesh Muralidharan, </a><a class="Contributors-ContributorName" data-testid="contributor-name" href="/author/leya-s-rose" data-discover="true">Leya S. Rose</a><span class="Contributors-MoreText" data-testid="more-text">and 6 more</span></div></div></div><div class="VerticalCard-Footer"><span class="VerticalCard-Date" data-testid="vertical-card-date">Jan 29, 2025</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="MainMenu-MenuItemWrapper"><div class="MainMenu-MenuItem" role="menuitem" tabindex="0" data-testid="openSubMenu" aria-label="Open Sub menu of Analytical"><span class="MainMenu-MainTitle">Analytical<span data-component="icon" data-name="ChevronDown" class="MainMenu-SubMenuIcon" style="mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='21'%20height='13'%20viewBox='0%200%2021%2013'%3e%3cpath%20id='Icon_awesome-chevron-right'%20data-name='Icon%20awesome-chevron-right'%20d='M12.655,11.316,3.122,20.662a1.194,1.194,0,0,1-1.665,0L.345,19.572a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L7.9,10.5.343,3.058a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L1.457.338a1.194,1.194,0,0,1,1.665,0l9.533,9.346A1.138,1.138,0,0,1,12.655,11.316Z'%20transform='translate(21)%20rotate(90)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='21'%20height='13'%20viewBox='0%200%2021%2013'%3e%3cpath%20id='Icon_awesome-chevron-right'%20data-name='Icon%20awesome-chevron-right'%20d='M12.655,11.316,3.122,20.662a1.194,1.194,0,0,1-1.665,0L.345,19.572a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L7.9,10.5.343,3.058a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L1.457.338a1.194,1.194,0,0,1,1.665,0l9.533,9.346A1.138,1.138,0,0,1,12.655,11.316Z'%20transform='translate(21)%20rotate(90)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></span></div><div class="MainMenu-SubMenuWrapper"><div class="MainMenu-SubMenuContent"><div data-module="sub-menu" class="SubMenu MainMenu-SubMenu" role="presentation"><div class="SubMenu-Container"><div class="SubMenu-RelatedTopicsWrapper"><h4 class="SubMenu-RelatedTopics">Related Topics</h4><div class="SubMenu-CasualLinkWrapper" data-testid="related"><ul class="SubMenu-CasualLinkList"><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/analytical/qa-qc" data-discover="true">QA/QC</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/analytical/cell-line-development" data-discover="true">Cell Line Development</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/analytical/pat" data-discover="true">PAT</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/analytical/product-characterization" data-discover="true">Product Characterization</a></li></ul><ul class="SubMenu-CasualLinkList"><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/analytical/bioanalytical-methods" data-discover="true">Bioanalytical Methods</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/analytical/process-development" data-discover="true">Process Development</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/analytical/assays" data-discover="true">Assays</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/analytical/laboratory-equipment" data-discover="true">Laboratory Equipment</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="SubMenu-RecentContentWrapper" data-testid="recent"><div class="SubMenu-RecentContentHeading"><h4 data-testid="recent-title" class="SubMenu-RecentText">Recent in <a class="SubMenu-RecentTopicTerm" href="/analytical" data-discover="true">Analytical</a></h4><div data-testid="see-more" class="SubMenu-SeeMore"><a class="SubMenu-MoreContent" href="/analytical" data-discover="true"><span class="SubMenu-SeeMoreText">See all</span><span data-component="icon" data-name="ChevronRight" class="SubMenu-SeeMoreIcon" style="mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='13'%20height='21'%20viewBox='0%200%2013%2021'%3e%3cpath%20id='Icon_awesome-chevron-right'%20data-name='Icon%20awesome-chevron-right'%20d='M12.655,11.316,3.122,20.662a1.194,1.194,0,0,1-1.665,0L.345,19.572a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L7.9,10.5.343,3.058a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L1.457.338a1.194,1.194,0,0,1,1.665,0l9.533,9.346A1.138,1.138,0,0,1,12.655,11.316Z'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='13'%20height='21'%20viewBox='0%200%2013%2021'%3e%3cpath%20id='Icon_awesome-chevron-right'%20data-name='Icon%20awesome-chevron-right'%20d='M12.655,11.316,3.122,20.662a1.194,1.194,0,0,1-1.665,0L.345,19.572a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L7.9,10.5.343,3.058a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L1.457.338a1.194,1.194,0,0,1,1.665,0l9.533,9.346A1.138,1.138,0,0,1,12.655,11.316Z'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></a></div></div><div class="SubMenu-ContentWrapper"><div class="ContentPreview" data-module="content-preview" data-variant="card-vertical"><div class="ContentPreview-Wrapper ContentPreview-Wrapper_variant_cardVertical"><a data-testid="thumbnail" href="/sponsored-content/optimizing-production-and-accelerating-the-timeline-from-cell-line-development-to-cgmp-production" data-discover="true"><div class="ContentPreview-ImageContainer"><span data-testid="content-preview-screen-reader-text" class="ContentPreview-ImageScreenReaderText">Avid Bioservices BPI special report</span><img data-testid="content-preview-image" data-component="image" class="ContentPreview-Image" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blt050242f32e38f84a/6799399daa5c412466ae37b9/23-1-2-CR-Avid-Cover-Wide.png?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blt050242f32e38f84a/6799399daa5c412466ae37b9/23-1-2-CR-Avid-Cover-Wide.png?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="" title=""/></div></a><span data-component="keyword" class="Keyword Keyword_variant_standard Keyword_title_sponsoredContent Keyword_disabled ContentPreview-Category ContentPreview-Category_isSponsoredContent">Sponsored Content</span><div class="VerticalCard"><div class="VerticalCard-Body"><a class="VerticalCard-Title VerticalCard-Title_displayOption_default" data-testid="preview-default-title" href="/sponsored-content/optimizing-production-and-accelerating-the-timeline-from-cell-line-development-to-cgmp-production" data-discover="true">Optimizing Production and Accelerating the Timeline from Cell Line Development to CGMP Production</a><a class="VerticalCard-Title VerticalCard-Title_displayOption_mobile" data-testid="preview-mobile-title" href="/sponsored-content/optimizing-production-and-accelerating-the-timeline-from-cell-line-development-to-cgmp-production" data-discover="true">Optimizing Production and Accelerating the Timeline from Cell Line Development to CGMP Production</a><div class="Contributors Contributors_variant_slimline VerticalCard-ContributorsWrapper" data-component="contributors"><div class="Contributors-InfoWrapper"><span class="Contributors-ByText" data-testid="by-text">by</span><a class="Contributors-ContributorName" data-testid="contributor-name" href="/author/pramthesh-patel" data-discover="true">Pramthesh Patel</a></div></div></div><div class="VerticalCard-Footer"><span class="VerticalCard-Date" data-testid="vertical-card-date">Feb 5, 2025</span></div></div></div></div><div class="ContentPreview" data-module="content-preview" data-variant="card-vertical"><div class="ContentPreview-Wrapper ContentPreview-Wrapper_variant_cardVertical"><a data-testid="thumbnail" href="/contract-services/technology-transfer-for-outsourced-programs-highlighting-upstream-considerations" data-discover="true"><div class="ContentPreview-ImageContainer"><span data-testid="content-preview-screen-reader-text" class="ContentPreview-ImageScreenReaderText">Example upstream cell-culture process</span><img data-testid="content-preview-image" data-component="image" class="ContentPreview-Image" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blt631504c583a85566/67a2842e3fe1991feaf13b3a/23-1-2-Nogal-F1.jpg?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blt631504c583a85566/67a2842e3fe1991feaf13b3a/23-1-2-Nogal-F1.jpg?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="" title=""/></div></a><a data-component="keyword" class="Keyword Keyword_variant_standard Keyword_title_contractServices ContentPreview-Category" href="/business/contract-services" data-discover="true">Contract Services</a><div class="VerticalCard"><div class="VerticalCard-Body"><a class="VerticalCard-Title VerticalCard-Title_displayOption_default" data-testid="preview-default-title" href="/contract-services/technology-transfer-for-outsourced-programs-highlighting-upstream-considerations" data-discover="true">Technology Transfer for Outsourced Programs: Highlighting Upstream Considerations</a><a class="VerticalCard-Title VerticalCard-Title_displayOption_mobile" data-testid="preview-mobile-title" href="/contract-services/technology-transfer-for-outsourced-programs-highlighting-upstream-considerations" data-discover="true">Technology Transfer for Outsourced Programs: Highlighting Upstream Considerations</a><div class="Contributors Contributors_variant_slimline VerticalCard-ContributorsWrapper" data-component="contributors"><div class="Contributors-InfoWrapper"><span class="Contributors-ByText" data-testid="by-text">by</span><a class="Contributors-ContributorName" data-testid="contributor-name" href="/author/nikki-nogal" data-discover="true">Nikki Nogal</a></div></div></div><div class="VerticalCard-Footer"><span class="VerticalCard-Date" data-testid="vertical-card-date">Jan 29, 2025</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="MainMenu-MenuItemWrapper"><div class="MainMenu-MenuItem" role="menuitem" tabindex="0" data-testid="openSubMenu" aria-label="Open Sub menu of Business"><span class="MainMenu-MainTitle">Business<span data-component="icon" data-name="ChevronDown" class="MainMenu-SubMenuIcon" style="mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='21'%20height='13'%20viewBox='0%200%2021%2013'%3e%3cpath%20id='Icon_awesome-chevron-right'%20data-name='Icon%20awesome-chevron-right'%20d='M12.655,11.316,3.122,20.662a1.194,1.194,0,0,1-1.665,0L.345,19.572a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L7.9,10.5.343,3.058a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L1.457.338a1.194,1.194,0,0,1,1.665,0l9.533,9.346A1.138,1.138,0,0,1,12.655,11.316Z'%20transform='translate(21)%20rotate(90)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='21'%20height='13'%20viewBox='0%200%2021%2013'%3e%3cpath%20id='Icon_awesome-chevron-right'%20data-name='Icon%20awesome-chevron-right'%20d='M12.655,11.316,3.122,20.662a1.194,1.194,0,0,1-1.665,0L.345,19.572a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L7.9,10.5.343,3.058a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L1.457.338a1.194,1.194,0,0,1,1.665,0l9.533,9.346A1.138,1.138,0,0,1,12.655,11.316Z'%20transform='translate(21)%20rotate(90)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></span></div><div class="MainMenu-SubMenuWrapper"><div class="MainMenu-SubMenuContent"><div data-module="sub-menu" class="SubMenu MainMenu-SubMenu" role="presentation"><div class="SubMenu-Container"><div class="SubMenu-RelatedTopicsWrapper"><h4 class="SubMenu-RelatedTopics">Related Topics</h4><div class="SubMenu-CasualLinkWrapper" data-testid="related"><ul class="SubMenu-CasualLinkList"><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/business/bioregions" data-discover="true">Bioregions</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/business/careers-training" data-discover="true">Careers & Training</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/business/contract-services" data-discover="true">Contract Services</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/business/economics" data-discover="true">Economics</a></li></ul><ul class="SubMenu-CasualLinkList"><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/business/pre-clinical-and-clinical-trials" data-discover="true">Pre-Clinical & Clinical Trials</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/business/risk-management" data-discover="true">Risk Management</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/business/intellectual-property" data-discover="true">Intellectual Property</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/business/regulatory-affairs" data-discover="true">Regulatory Affairs</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="SubMenu-RecentContentWrapper" data-testid="recent"><div class="SubMenu-RecentContentHeading"><h4 data-testid="recent-title" class="SubMenu-RecentText">Recent in <a class="SubMenu-RecentTopicTerm" href="/business" data-discover="true">Business</a></h4><div data-testid="see-more" class="SubMenu-SeeMore"><a class="SubMenu-MoreContent" href="/business" data-discover="true"><span class="SubMenu-SeeMoreText">See all</span><span data-component="icon" data-name="ChevronRight" class="SubMenu-SeeMoreIcon" style="mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='13'%20height='21'%20viewBox='0%200%2013%2021'%3e%3cpath%20id='Icon_awesome-chevron-right'%20data-name='Icon%20awesome-chevron-right'%20d='M12.655,11.316,3.122,20.662a1.194,1.194,0,0,1-1.665,0L.345,19.572a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L7.9,10.5.343,3.058a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L1.457.338a1.194,1.194,0,0,1,1.665,0l9.533,9.346A1.138,1.138,0,0,1,12.655,11.316Z'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='13'%20height='21'%20viewBox='0%200%2013%2021'%3e%3cpath%20id='Icon_awesome-chevron-right'%20data-name='Icon%20awesome-chevron-right'%20d='M12.655,11.316,3.122,20.662a1.194,1.194,0,0,1-1.665,0L.345,19.572a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L7.9,10.5.343,3.058a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L1.457.338a1.194,1.194,0,0,1,1.665,0l9.533,9.346A1.138,1.138,0,0,1,12.655,11.316Z'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></a></div></div><div class="SubMenu-ContentWrapper"><div class="ContentPreview" data-module="content-preview" data-variant="card-vertical"><div class="ContentPreview-Wrapper ContentPreview-Wrapper_variant_cardVertical"><a data-testid="thumbnail" href="/careers-training/a-key-talent-and-expertise-required-for-continuous-versus-batch-biomanufacturing" data-discover="true"><div class="ContentPreview-ImageContainer"><span data-testid="content-preview-screen-reader-text" class="ContentPreview-ImageScreenReaderText">elucidation</span><img data-testid="content-preview-image" data-component="image" class="ContentPreview-Image" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blt96e9b438bad36d62/66edaf1d1611d7bb09409348/elucidation-site.png?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blt96e9b438bad36d62/66edaf1d1611d7bb09409348/elucidation-site.png?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="" title=""/></div></a><a data-component="keyword" class="Keyword Keyword_variant_standard Keyword_title_careersTraining ContentPreview-Category" href="/business/careers-training" data-discover="true">Careers & Training</a><div class="VerticalCard"><div class="VerticalCard-Body"><a class="VerticalCard-Title VerticalCard-Title_displayOption_default" data-testid="preview-default-title" href="/careers-training/a-key-talent-and-expertise-required-for-continuous-versus-batch-biomanufacturing" data-discover="true">A Key Talent and Expertise Required for Continuous Versus Batch Biomanufacturing</a><a class="VerticalCard-Title VerticalCard-Title_displayOption_mobile" data-testid="preview-mobile-title" href="/careers-training/a-key-talent-and-expertise-required-for-continuous-versus-batch-biomanufacturing" data-discover="true">A Key Talent and Expertise Required for Continuous Versus Batch Biomanufacturing</a><div class="Contributors Contributors_variant_slimline VerticalCard-ContributorsWrapper" data-component="contributors"><div class="Contributors-InfoWrapper"><span class="Contributors-ByText" data-testid="by-text">by</span><a class="Contributors-ContributorName Contributors-ContributorName_showComma" data-testid="contributor-name" href="/author/jason-beckwith" data-discover="true">Jason Beckwith, </a><a class="Contributors-ContributorName" data-testid="contributor-name" href="/author/william-nixon" data-discover="true">William Nixon</a><span class="Contributors-MoreText" data-testid="more-text">and 2 more</span></div></div></div><div class="VerticalCard-Footer"><span class="VerticalCard-Date" data-testid="vertical-card-date">Jan 29, 2025</span></div></div></div></div><div class="ContentPreview" data-module="content-preview" data-variant="card-vertical"><div class="ContentPreview-Wrapper ContentPreview-Wrapper_variant_cardVertical"><a data-testid="thumbnail" href="/contract-services/technology-transfer-for-outsourced-programs-highlighting-upstream-considerations" data-discover="true"><div class="ContentPreview-ImageContainer"><span data-testid="content-preview-screen-reader-text" class="ContentPreview-ImageScreenReaderText">Example upstream cell-culture process</span><img data-testid="content-preview-image" data-component="image" class="ContentPreview-Image" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blt631504c583a85566/67a2842e3fe1991feaf13b3a/23-1-2-Nogal-F1.jpg?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blt631504c583a85566/67a2842e3fe1991feaf13b3a/23-1-2-Nogal-F1.jpg?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="" title=""/></div></a><a data-component="keyword" class="Keyword Keyword_variant_standard Keyword_title_contractServices ContentPreview-Category" href="/business/contract-services" data-discover="true">Contract Services</a><div class="VerticalCard"><div class="VerticalCard-Body"><a class="VerticalCard-Title VerticalCard-Title_displayOption_default" data-testid="preview-default-title" href="/contract-services/technology-transfer-for-outsourced-programs-highlighting-upstream-considerations" data-discover="true">Technology Transfer for Outsourced Programs: Highlighting Upstream Considerations</a><a class="VerticalCard-Title VerticalCard-Title_displayOption_mobile" data-testid="preview-mobile-title" href="/contract-services/technology-transfer-for-outsourced-programs-highlighting-upstream-considerations" data-discover="true">Technology Transfer for Outsourced Programs: Highlighting Upstream Considerations</a><div class="Contributors Contributors_variant_slimline VerticalCard-ContributorsWrapper" data-component="contributors"><div class="Contributors-InfoWrapper"><span class="Contributors-ByText" data-testid="by-text">by</span><a class="Contributors-ContributorName" data-testid="contributor-name" href="/author/nikki-nogal" data-discover="true">Nikki Nogal</a></div></div></div><div class="VerticalCard-Footer"><span class="VerticalCard-Date" data-testid="vertical-card-date">Jan 29, 2025</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="MainMenu-MenuItemWrapper"><div class="MainMenu-MenuItem" role="menuitem" tabindex="0" data-testid="openSubMenu" aria-label="Open Sub menu of Therapeutic Modalities"><span class="MainMenu-MainTitle">Therapeutic Modalities<span data-component="icon" data-name="ChevronDown" class="MainMenu-SubMenuIcon" style="mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='21'%20height='13'%20viewBox='0%200%2021%2013'%3e%3cpath%20id='Icon_awesome-chevron-right'%20data-name='Icon%20awesome-chevron-right'%20d='M12.655,11.316,3.122,20.662a1.194,1.194,0,0,1-1.665,0L.345,19.572a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L7.9,10.5.343,3.058a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L1.457.338a1.194,1.194,0,0,1,1.665,0l9.533,9.346A1.138,1.138,0,0,1,12.655,11.316Z'%20transform='translate(21)%20rotate(90)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='21'%20height='13'%20viewBox='0%200%2021%2013'%3e%3cpath%20id='Icon_awesome-chevron-right'%20data-name='Icon%20awesome-chevron-right'%20d='M12.655,11.316,3.122,20.662a1.194,1.194,0,0,1-1.665,0L.345,19.572a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L7.9,10.5.343,3.058a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L1.457.338a1.194,1.194,0,0,1,1.665,0l9.533,9.346A1.138,1.138,0,0,1,12.655,11.316Z'%20transform='translate(21)%20rotate(90)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></span></div><div class="MainMenu-SubMenuWrapper"><div class="MainMenu-SubMenuContent"><div data-module="sub-menu" class="SubMenu MainMenu-SubMenu" role="presentation"><div class="SubMenu-Container"><div class="SubMenu-RelatedTopicsWrapper"><h4 class="SubMenu-RelatedTopics">Related Topics</h4><div class="SubMenu-CasualLinkWrapper" data-testid="related"><ul class="SubMenu-CasualLinkList"><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/therapeutic-modalities/cell-therapies" data-discover="true">Cell Therapies</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/therapeutic-modalities/emerging-therapeutics-manufacturing" data-discover="true">Emerging Therapeutics</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/therapeutic-modalities/gene-therapies" data-discover="true">Gene Therapies</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/therapeutic-modalities/large-molecule-development" data-discover="true">Large Molecule Development</a></li></ul><ul class="SubMenu-CasualLinkList"><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/therapeutic-modalities/monoclonal-antibodies" data-discover="true">MAb</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/therapeutic-modalities/personalized-medicine" data-discover="true">Personalized Medicine</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/therapeutic-modalities/vaccines" data-discover="true">Vaccines</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="SubMenu-RecentContentWrapper" data-testid="recent"><div class="SubMenu-RecentContentHeading"><h4 data-testid="recent-title" class="SubMenu-RecentText">Recent in <a class="SubMenu-RecentTopicTerm" href="/therapeutic-modalities" data-discover="true">Therapeutic Modalities</a></h4><div data-testid="see-more" class="SubMenu-SeeMore"><a class="SubMenu-MoreContent" href="/therapeutic-modalities" data-discover="true"><span class="SubMenu-SeeMoreText">See all</span><span data-component="icon" data-name="ChevronRight" class="SubMenu-SeeMoreIcon" style="mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='13'%20height='21'%20viewBox='0%200%2013%2021'%3e%3cpath%20id='Icon_awesome-chevron-right'%20data-name='Icon%20awesome-chevron-right'%20d='M12.655,11.316,3.122,20.662a1.194,1.194,0,0,1-1.665,0L.345,19.572a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L7.9,10.5.343,3.058a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L1.457.338a1.194,1.194,0,0,1,1.665,0l9.533,9.346A1.138,1.138,0,0,1,12.655,11.316Z'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='13'%20height='21'%20viewBox='0%200%2013%2021'%3e%3cpath%20id='Icon_awesome-chevron-right'%20data-name='Icon%20awesome-chevron-right'%20d='M12.655,11.316,3.122,20.662a1.194,1.194,0,0,1-1.665,0L.345,19.572a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L7.9,10.5.343,3.058a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L1.457.338a1.194,1.194,0,0,1,1.665,0l9.533,9.346A1.138,1.138,0,0,1,12.655,11.316Z'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></a></div></div><div class="SubMenu-ContentWrapper"><div class="ContentPreview" data-module="content-preview" data-variant="card-vertical"><div class="ContentPreview-Wrapper ContentPreview-Wrapper_variant_cardVertical"><a data-testid="thumbnail" href="/emerging-therapeutics-manufacturing/recombinant-human-collagen-plant-based-production-addresses-growing-demand-for-a-vegan-option" data-discover="true"><div class="ContentPreview-ImageContainer"><span data-testid="content-preview-screen-reader-text" class="ContentPreview-ImageScreenReaderText">scientists on greenhouse</span><img data-testid="content-preview-image" data-component="image" class="ContentPreview-Image" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blt2d6de52f5065e350/67a256083fa7de6cf9750602/23-1-2-Gunn-Image2.jpg?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blt2d6de52f5065e350/67a256083fa7de6cf9750602/23-1-2-Gunn-Image2.jpg?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="" title=""/></div></a><a data-component="keyword" class="Keyword Keyword_variant_standard Keyword_title_emergingTherapeutics ContentPreview-Category" href="/therapeutic-modalities/emerging-therapeutics-manufacturing" data-discover="true">Emerging Therapeutics</a><div class="VerticalCard"><div class="VerticalCard-Body"><a class="VerticalCard-Title VerticalCard-Title_displayOption_default" data-testid="preview-default-title" href="/emerging-therapeutics-manufacturing/recombinant-human-collagen-plant-based-production-addresses-growing-demand-for-a-vegan-option" data-discover="true">Recombinant Human Collagen: Plant-Based Production Addresses Growing Demand for a Vegan Option</a><a class="VerticalCard-Title VerticalCard-Title_displayOption_mobile" data-testid="preview-mobile-title" href="/emerging-therapeutics-manufacturing/recombinant-human-collagen-plant-based-production-addresses-growing-demand-for-a-vegan-option" data-discover="true">Recombinant Human Collagen: Plant-Based Production Addresses Growing Demand for a Vegan Option</a><div class="Contributors Contributors_variant_slimline VerticalCard-ContributorsWrapper" data-component="contributors"><div class="Contributors-InfoWrapper"><span class="Contributors-ByText" data-testid="by-text">by</span><a class="Contributors-ContributorName" data-testid="contributor-name" href="/author/untitled" data-discover="true">Barry Gunn</a></div></div></div><div class="VerticalCard-Footer"><span class="VerticalCard-Date" data-testid="vertical-card-date">Jan 29, 2025</span></div></div></div></div><div class="ContentPreview" data-module="content-preview" data-variant="card-vertical"><div class="ContentPreview-Wrapper ContentPreview-Wrapper_variant_cardVertical"><a data-testid="thumbnail" href="/emerging-therapeutics-manufacturing/ebook-antibody-drug-conjugates-a-technology-update" data-discover="true"><div class="ContentPreview-ImageContainer"><span data-testid="content-preview-screen-reader-text" class="ContentPreview-ImageScreenReaderText">Antibody-Drug Conjugate eBook</span><img data-testid="content-preview-image" data-component="image" class="ContentPreview-Image" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/bltaf4fcc824b31437a/6793d5ce7177b128b6dc8b07/23-1-eBook-ADCs-Cover-Wide.png?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/bltaf4fcc824b31437a/6793d5ce7177b128b6dc8b07/23-1-eBook-ADCs-Cover-Wide.png?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="" title=""/></div></a><span data-component="keyword" class="Keyword Keyword_variant_standard Keyword_title_sponsoredContent Keyword_disabled ContentPreview-Category ContentPreview-Category_isSponsoredContent">Sponsored Content</span><div class="VerticalCard"><div class="VerticalCard-Body"><a class="VerticalCard-Title VerticalCard-Title_displayOption_default" data-testid="preview-default-title" href="/emerging-therapeutics-manufacturing/ebook-antibody-drug-conjugates-a-technology-update" data-discover="true">eBook: Antibody-Drug Conjugates — A Technology Update</a><a class="VerticalCard-Title VerticalCard-Title_displayOption_mobile" data-testid="preview-mobile-title" href="/emerging-therapeutics-manufacturing/ebook-antibody-drug-conjugates-a-technology-update" data-discover="true">eBook: Antibody-Drug Conjugates — A Technology Update</a><div class="Contributors Contributors_variant_slimline VerticalCard-ContributorsWrapper" data-component="contributors"><div class="Contributors-InfoWrapper"><span class="Contributors-ByText" data-testid="by-text">by</span><a class="Contributors-ContributorName Contributors-ContributorName_showComma" data-testid="contributor-name" href="/author/shreeyashi-ojha" data-discover="true">Shreeyashi Ojha, </a><a class="Contributors-ContributorName" data-testid="contributor-name" href="/author/josh-abbott" data-discover="true">Josh Abbott</a><span class="Contributors-MoreText" data-testid="more-text">and 4 more</span></div></div></div><div class="VerticalCard-Footer"><span class="VerticalCard-Date" data-testid="vertical-card-date">Jan 24, 2025</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="MainMenu-MenuItemWrapper"><div class="MainMenu-MenuItem" role="menuitem" tabindex="0" data-testid="openSubMenu" aria-label="Open Sub menu of BioProcess Insider"><span class="MainMenu-MainTitle">BioProcess Insider<span data-component="icon" data-name="ChevronDown" class="MainMenu-SubMenuIcon" style="mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='21'%20height='13'%20viewBox='0%200%2021%2013'%3e%3cpath%20id='Icon_awesome-chevron-right'%20data-name='Icon%20awesome-chevron-right'%20d='M12.655,11.316,3.122,20.662a1.194,1.194,0,0,1-1.665,0L.345,19.572a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L7.9,10.5.343,3.058a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L1.457.338a1.194,1.194,0,0,1,1.665,0l9.533,9.346A1.138,1.138,0,0,1,12.655,11.316Z'%20transform='translate(21)%20rotate(90)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='21'%20height='13'%20viewBox='0%200%2021%2013'%3e%3cpath%20id='Icon_awesome-chevron-right'%20data-name='Icon%20awesome-chevron-right'%20d='M12.655,11.316,3.122,20.662a1.194,1.194,0,0,1-1.665,0L.345,19.572a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L7.9,10.5.343,3.058a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L1.457.338a1.194,1.194,0,0,1,1.665,0l9.533,9.346A1.138,1.138,0,0,1,12.655,11.316Z'%20transform='translate(21)%20rotate(90)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></span></div><div class="MainMenu-SubMenuWrapper"><div class="MainMenu-SubMenuContent"><div data-module="sub-menu" class="SubMenu MainMenu-SubMenu" role="presentation"><div class="SubMenu-Container"><div class="SubMenu-RelatedTopicsWrapper"><h4 class="SubMenu-RelatedTopics">Related Topics</h4><div class="SubMenu-CasualLinkWrapper" data-testid="related"><ul class="SubMenu-CasualLinkList"><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/bioprocess-insider/deal-making" data-discover="true">Deal-Making</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/bioprocess-insider/facilities-capacity" data-discover="true">Facilities & Capacity</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/bioprocess-insider/global-markets" data-discover="true">Global Markets</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/bioprocess-insider/regulations" data-discover="true">Regulations</a></li></ul><ul class="SubMenu-CasualLinkList"><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/bioprocess-insider/therapeutic-class" data-discover="true">Therapeutic Class</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/bioprocess-insider/upstream-downstream-processing" data-discover="true">Upstream & Downstream Processing</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/bioprocess-insider/webcasts" data-discover="true">Webcasts</a></li><li class="SubMenu-CasualLinkItem"><a class="SubMenu-ItemLink" data-testid="sub-menu-item-link" href="/bioprocess-insider/bpi-podcasts" data-discover="true">BioProcess Insider Podcasts</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="SubMenu-RecentContentWrapper" data-testid="recent"><div class="SubMenu-RecentContentHeading"><h4 data-testid="recent-title" class="SubMenu-RecentText">Recent in <a class="SubMenu-RecentTopicTerm" href="/bioprocess-insider" data-discover="true">BioProcess Insider</a></h4><div data-testid="see-more" class="SubMenu-SeeMore"><a class="SubMenu-MoreContent" href="/bioprocess-insider" data-discover="true"><span class="SubMenu-SeeMoreText">See all</span><span data-component="icon" data-name="ChevronRight" class="SubMenu-SeeMoreIcon" style="mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='13'%20height='21'%20viewBox='0%200%2013%2021'%3e%3cpath%20id='Icon_awesome-chevron-right'%20data-name='Icon%20awesome-chevron-right'%20d='M12.655,11.316,3.122,20.662a1.194,1.194,0,0,1-1.665,0L.345,19.572a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L7.9,10.5.343,3.058a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L1.457.338a1.194,1.194,0,0,1,1.665,0l9.533,9.346A1.138,1.138,0,0,1,12.655,11.316Z'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='13'%20height='21'%20viewBox='0%200%2013%2021'%3e%3cpath%20id='Icon_awesome-chevron-right'%20data-name='Icon%20awesome-chevron-right'%20d='M12.655,11.316,3.122,20.662a1.194,1.194,0,0,1-1.665,0L.345,19.572a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L7.9,10.5.343,3.058a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L1.457.338a1.194,1.194,0,0,1,1.665,0l9.533,9.346A1.138,1.138,0,0,1,12.655,11.316Z'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></a></div></div><div class="SubMenu-ContentWrapper"><div class="ContentPreview" data-module="content-preview" data-variant="card-vertical"><div class="ContentPreview-Wrapper ContentPreview-Wrapper_variant_cardVertical"><a data-testid="thumbnail" href="/upstream-downstream-processing/lilly-goes-hybrid-to-drive-kisunla-productivity" data-discover="true"><div class="ContentPreview-ImageContainer"><span data-testid="content-preview-screen-reader-text" class="ContentPreview-ImageScreenReaderText">An image of a four-leaf clover</span><img data-testid="content-preview-image" data-component="image" class="ContentPreview-Image" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blt5a781566e909408f/67afd0cf0f4cf5e45c094bde/clover.jpg?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blt5a781566e909408f/67afd0cf0f4cf5e45c094bde/clover.jpg?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="" title=""/></div></a><a data-component="keyword" class="Keyword Keyword_variant_standard Keyword_title_upstreamDownstreamProcessing ContentPreview-Category" href="/bioprocess-insider/upstream-downstream-processing" data-discover="true">Upstream & Downstream Processing</a><div class="VerticalCard"><div class="VerticalCard-Body"><a class="VerticalCard-Title VerticalCard-Title_displayOption_default" data-testid="preview-default-title" href="/upstream-downstream-processing/lilly-goes-hybrid-to-drive-kisunla-productivity" data-discover="true">Lilly goes hybrid to drive Kisunla productivity</a><a class="VerticalCard-Title VerticalCard-Title_displayOption_mobile" data-testid="preview-mobile-title" href="/upstream-downstream-processing/lilly-goes-hybrid-to-drive-kisunla-productivity" data-discover="true">Lilly goes hybrid to drive Kisunla productivity</a><div class="Contributors Contributors_variant_slimline VerticalCard-ContributorsWrapper" data-component="contributors"><div class="Contributors-InfoWrapper"><span class="Contributors-ByText" data-testid="by-text">by</span><a class="Contributors-ContributorName" data-testid="contributor-name" href="/author/gareth-macdonald" data-discover="true">Gareth Macdonald</a></div></div></div><div class="VerticalCard-Footer"><span class="VerticalCard-Date" data-testid="vertical-card-date">Feb 14, 2025</span><div data-module="card-time" class="CardTime"><div data-component="article-read-time" class="ArticleReadTime ArticleReadTime_size_small CardTime-ReadTime"><span>2 Min Read</span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ContentPreview" data-module="content-preview" data-variant="card-vertical"><div class="ContentPreview-Wrapper ContentPreview-Wrapper_variant_cardVertical"><a data-testid="thumbnail" href="/facilities-capacity/moderna-slashes-manufacturing-costs-amid-declining-sales" data-discover="true"><div class="ContentPreview-ImageContainer"><span data-testid="content-preview-screen-reader-text" class="ContentPreview-ImageScreenReaderText">A woman in a lab coat holds a vaccine vial.</span><img data-testid="content-preview-image" data-component="image" class="ContentPreview-Image" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/bltb98041441f0af9a4/67afbd630c3d28bfc6a22e0a/vaccine.jpg?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/bltb98041441f0af9a4/67afbd630c3d28bfc6a22e0a/vaccine.jpg?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="" title=""/></div></a><a data-component="keyword" class="Keyword Keyword_variant_standard Keyword_title_facilitiesCapacity ContentPreview-Category" href="/bioprocess-insider/facilities-capacity" data-discover="true">Facilities & Capacity</a><div class="VerticalCard"><div class="VerticalCard-Body"><a class="VerticalCard-Title VerticalCard-Title_displayOption_default" data-testid="preview-default-title" href="/facilities-capacity/moderna-slashes-manufacturing-costs-amid-declining-sales" data-discover="true">Moderna slashes manufacturing costs amid declining sales</a><a class="VerticalCard-Title VerticalCard-Title_displayOption_mobile" data-testid="preview-mobile-title" href="/facilities-capacity/moderna-slashes-manufacturing-costs-amid-declining-sales" data-discover="true">Moderna slashes manufacturing costs amid declining sales</a><div class="Contributors Contributors_variant_slimline VerticalCard-ContributorsWrapper" data-component="contributors"><div class="Contributors-InfoWrapper"><span class="Contributors-ByText" data-testid="by-text">by</span><a class="Contributors-ContributorName" data-testid="contributor-name" href="/author/josh-abbott" data-discover="true">Josh Abbott</a></div></div></div><div class="VerticalCard-Footer"><span class="VerticalCard-Date" data-testid="vertical-card-date">Feb 14, 2025</span><div data-module="card-time" class="CardTime"><div data-component="article-read-time" class="ArticleReadTime ArticleReadTime_size_small CardTime-ReadTime"><span>2 Min Read</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="MainMenu-SearchButtonWrapper"><button data-testid="mainMenu-SearchButton" aria-label="Open Search" class="MainMenu-SearchButton"><span data-component="icon" data-name="Search" class="MainMenu-SearchButtonIcon" style="mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='22'%20height='21.789'%20viewBox='0%200%2022%2021.789'%3e%3cg%20id='search_icon'%20data-name='search%20icon'%20transform='translate(-1387%20-125)'%3e%3cpath%20id='search_icon-2'%20data-name='search%20icon'%20d='M1395.176,138.7a5.606,5.606,0,1,1,5.661-5.606A5.626,5.626,0,0,1,1395.176,138.7Zm7.547,0h-.994l-.351-.336a8.02,8.02,0,0,0,1.975-5.27,8.154,8.154,0,1,0-2.856,6.142l.34.349v.984l6.289,6.217,1.875-1.856Z'%20transform='translate(0%200)'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/svg%3e");-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='22'%20height='21.789'%20viewBox='0%200%2022%2021.789'%3e%3cg%20id='search_icon'%20data-name='search%20icon'%20transform='translate(-1387%20-125)'%3e%3cpath%20id='search_icon-2'%20data-name='search%20icon'%20d='M1395.176,138.7a5.606,5.606,0,1,1,5.661-5.606A5.626,5.626,0,0,1,1395.176,138.7Zm7.547,0h-.994l-.351-.336a8.02,8.02,0,0,0,1.975-5.27,8.154,8.154,0,1,0-2.856,6.142l.34.349v.984l6.289,6.217,1.875-1.856Z'%20transform='translate(0%200)'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/svg%3e");mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></button></div></div><div class="MainMenu-SearchWrapper"><div class="FullScreenBackground MainMenu-SearchBackground MainMenu-SearchBackground_withSearchBar"></div><button data-testid="mainMenu-SearchCloseButton" class="MainMenu-SearchCloseButton" aria-label="Close Search"><span data-component="icon" data-name="Close" class="MainMenu-SearchCloseIcon" style="mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='18'%20height='18.001'%20viewBox='0%200%2018%2018.001'%3e%3cpath%20id='times'%20d='M11.685,105l6.059-6.059a.9.9,0,0,0,0-1.27L16.336,96.26a.9.9,0,0,0-1.27,0l-6.059,6.06L2.948,96.261a.9.9,0,0,0-1.27,0L.27,97.668a.9.9,0,0,0,0,1.27L6.33,105,.27,111.057a.9.9,0,0,0,0,1.27l1.408,1.408a.9.9,0,0,0,1.27,0l6.059-6.06,6.059,6.059a.9.9,0,0,0,1.27,0l1.408-1.408a.9.9,0,0,0,0-1.27Z'%20transform='translate(-0.008%20-95.998)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='18'%20height='18.001'%20viewBox='0%200%2018%2018.001'%3e%3cpath%20id='times'%20d='M11.685,105l6.059-6.059a.9.9,0,0,0,0-1.27L16.336,96.26a.9.9,0,0,0-1.27,0l-6.059,6.06L2.948,96.261a.9.9,0,0,0-1.27,0L.27,97.668a.9.9,0,0,0,0,1.27L6.33,105,.27,111.057a.9.9,0,0,0,0,1.27l1.408,1.408a.9.9,0,0,0,1.27,0l6.059-6.06,6.059,6.059a.9.9,0,0,0,1.27,0l1.408-1.408a.9.9,0,0,0,0-1.27Z'%20transform='translate(-0.008%20-95.998)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></button></div></div></div></div></nav><section class="Layout-Section"><div id="iiris-identity" data-testid="iris-identity" configid="a4a245652cad256461fe5c2eeb8ad5e0"></div><div class="ContributorList" data-template="contributor-list"><div data-template="list-content" class="ListContent"><div class="TwoColumnLayout"><div id="portal-root"></div><div class="TwoColumnLayout-Head"><div class="ContributorList-Head" data-testid="contributor-list-head"><ul data-component="breadcrumb" class="Breadcrumb"><li class="Breadcrumb-ListItem"><span data-component="icon" data-name="ChevronRight" class="Breadcrumb-DividerIcon Breadcrumb-PrevIcon" style="mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='13'%20height='21'%20viewBox='0%200%2013%2021'%3e%3cpath%20id='Icon_awesome-chevron-right'%20data-name='Icon%20awesome-chevron-right'%20d='M12.655,11.316,3.122,20.662a1.194,1.194,0,0,1-1.665,0L.345,19.572a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L7.9,10.5.343,3.058a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L1.457.338a1.194,1.194,0,0,1,1.665,0l9.533,9.346A1.138,1.138,0,0,1,12.655,11.316Z'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='13'%20height='21'%20viewBox='0%200%2013%2021'%3e%3cpath%20id='Icon_awesome-chevron-right'%20data-name='Icon%20awesome-chevron-right'%20d='M12.655,11.316,3.122,20.662a1.194,1.194,0,0,1-1.665,0L.345,19.572a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L7.9,10.5.343,3.058a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L1.457.338a1.194,1.194,0,0,1,1.665,0l9.533,9.346A1.138,1.138,0,0,1,12.655,11.316Z'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span><a class="Breadcrumb-GetText Breadcrumb-GetText_isNearLastItem" data-testid="breadcrumb-link" href="/" data-discover="true">Home</a><span data-component="icon" data-name="ChevronRight" class="Breadcrumb-DividerIcon Breadcrumb-NextIcon" style="mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='13'%20height='21'%20viewBox='0%200%2013%2021'%3e%3cpath%20id='Icon_awesome-chevron-right'%20data-name='Icon%20awesome-chevron-right'%20d='M12.655,11.316,3.122,20.662a1.194,1.194,0,0,1-1.665,0L.345,19.572a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L7.9,10.5.343,3.058a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L1.457.338a1.194,1.194,0,0,1,1.665,0l9.533,9.346A1.138,1.138,0,0,1,12.655,11.316Z'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='13'%20height='21'%20viewBox='0%200%2013%2021'%3e%3cpath%20id='Icon_awesome-chevron-right'%20data-name='Icon%20awesome-chevron-right'%20d='M12.655,11.316,3.122,20.662a1.194,1.194,0,0,1-1.665,0L.345,19.572a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L7.9,10.5.343,3.058a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L1.457.338a1.194,1.194,0,0,1,1.665,0l9.533,9.346A1.138,1.138,0,0,1,12.655,11.316Z'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></li><li class="Breadcrumb-ListItem"><a class="Breadcrumb-GetText Breadcrumb-GetText_isLastItem" data-testid="breadcrumb-link" href="/author/robert-brackner" data-discover="true">Robert Brackner</a></li></ul><div data-component="contributor-summary" class="ContributorSummary ContributorSummary_variant_normal"><div class="ContributorSummary-ImageWrapper ContributorSummary-ImageWrapper_variant_normal"><img data-component="image" class="ContributorSummary-Image ContributorSummary-Image_variant_normal" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/bltf573a3db8aace5de/653a7dfd8d60da0407d884d2/theme1_placeholder_avatar.png?width=400&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/bltf573a3db8aace5de/653a7dfd8d60da0407d884d2/theme1_placeholder_avatar.png?width=400&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="" title=""/></div><div class="ContributorSummary-InfoWrapper ContributorSummary-InfoWrapper_variant_normal"><div class="ContributorSummary-TitleWrapper"><p class="ContributorSummary-Title ContributorSummary-Title_variant_normal" data-testid="contributor-summary-title">Robert Brackner</p></div><div class="ContributorSummary-SubTitleWrapper ContributorSummary-SubTitleWrapper_variant_normal"><p class="ContributorSummary-SubTitle ContributorSummary-SubTitle_variant_normal" data-testid="contributor-summary-subtitle"></p></div><div class="ContributorSummary-ContentWrapper ContributorSummary-ContentWrapper_variant_normal"><div class="ContributorSummary-Content ContributorSummary-Content_variant_normal ContributorSummary-Content_showFullContent" data-testid="contributor-summary-content"></div></div><div data-component="social-share" class="SocialShare SocialShare_variant_normal"></div></div></div><hr class="ContributorList-Divider"/></div></div><div class="TwoColumnLayout-Content"><div class="TwoColumnLayout-Body"><div class="ListContent-Body" data-testid="list-content-body"><h2 class="ListContent-Title ListContent-Title_latest" data-testid="latest-content-title">Latest from Robert Brackner</h2><div class="ListContent-Content ListContent-Content_latest"><div class="ListContent-ContentWrapper"><div class="ListContent-ContentContainer"><div class="ContentPreview ListContent-LatestItem" data-module="content-preview" data-variant="normal"><div class="ContentPreview-Wrapper ContentPreview-Wrapper_variant_normal ContentPreview-Wrapper_articleSize_big"><a data-testid="thumbnail" href="/emerging-therapeutics-manufacturing/the-evolution-of-medicine-empowering-healthcare-for-the-delivery-of-advanced-therapies" data-discover="true"><div class="ContentPreview-ImageContainer"><span data-testid="content-preview-screen-reader-text" class="ContentPreview-ImageScreenReaderText">Clean room worker using a computer</span><img data-testid="content-preview-image" data-component="image" class="ContentPreview-Image" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blt6cdc09341f3f9869/6618520170af13d2a991ac90/labworker.jpg?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blt6cdc09341f3f9869/6618520170af13d2a991ac90/labworker.jpg?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="" title=""/></div></a><a data-component="keyword" class="Keyword Keyword_variant_standard Keyword_title_emergingTherapeutics ContentPreview-Category" href="/therapeutic-modalities/emerging-therapeutics-manufacturing" data-discover="true">Emerging Therapeutics</a><div class="ContentCard"><div class="ContentCard-Body"><a class="ContentCard-Title ContentCard-Title_displayOption_default" data-testid="preview-default-title" href="/emerging-therapeutics-manufacturing/the-evolution-of-medicine-empowering-healthcare-for-the-delivery-of-advanced-therapies" data-discover="true">The Evolution of Medicine: Empowering Healthcare for the Delivery of Advanced Therapies</a><a class="ContentCard-Title ContentCard-Title_displayOption_mobile" data-testid="preview-mobile-title" href="/emerging-therapeutics-manufacturing/the-evolution-of-medicine-empowering-healthcare-for-the-delivery-of-advanced-therapies" data-discover="true">The Evolution of Medicine: Empowering Healthcare for the Delivery of Advanced Therapies</a><div class="Contributors Contributors_variant_slimline Contributors_cardVariant_normal" data-component="contributors"><div class="Contributors-InfoWrapper"><span class="Contributors-ByText" data-testid="by-text">by</span><a class="Contributors-ContributorName Contributors-ContributorName_showComma" data-testid="contributor-name" href="/author/rohin-iyer" data-discover="true">Rohin Iyer, </a><a class="Contributors-ContributorName" data-testid="contributor-name" href="/author/robert-brackner" data-discover="true">Robert Brackner</a></div></div></div><div class="ContentCard-Footer"><span class="ContentCard-Date" data-testid="content-card-date">Apr 10, 2024</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TwoColumnLayout-Sidebar"><div class="Sidebar" data-module="sidebar"><div class="Sidebar-SidebarItem" data-testid="sidebar-item"><div data-module="content-cards" class="ContentCards ContentCards_sidebar"><div class="ContentCards-CardsWrapper ContentCards-CardsWrapper_default"><div class="ContentCards-Header ContentCards-Header_default" data-testid="content-cards-header"><h3 class="ContentCards-Title" data-testid="contentCardsTitle">Webinars</h3></div><div class="ContentCards-Content ContentCards-Content_default"><div class="ContentCards-ContentPreview ContentCards-ContentPreview_default" data-testid="content-preview-default"><div class="ContentPreview" data-module="content-preview" data-variant="card-horizontal"><div class="HorizontalCard"><div class="HorizontalCard-ImageWrapper"><a target="_self" rel="nofollow" href="https://bpi.bioprocessintl.com/light-boxes-and-beyond-maximizing-confidence-in-clone-selection-using-the-beacon-optofluidic-system"><span class="HorizontalCard-ImageScreenReaderText">Ask the Expert webcasts</span><img data-component="image" class="HorizontalCard-Image" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blt78e2c8c20086aef1/66b4fbe1593f0647e02b9a02/Website-ATE-Register-logo-2024-1280.png?width=300&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blt78e2c8c20086aef1/66b4fbe1593f0647e02b9a02/Website-ATE-Register-logo-2024-1280.png?width=300&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="" title=""/></a><a class="HorizontalCard-IconWrapper" title="Link to all externallink" target="_self" rel="nofollow" data-testid="content-preview-icon-link" href="https://bpi.bioprocessintl.com/light-boxes-and-beyond-maximizing-confidence-in-clone-selection-using-the-beacon-optofluidic-system"><span data-component="icon" data-name="ExternalLink" class="HorizontalCard-Icon" style="mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20width='40.5'%20height='36'%20viewBox='0%200%2040.5%2036'%3e%3cpath%20d='M40.5,1.688v9a1.689,1.689,0,0,1-2.881,1.193L35.109,9.369,17.986,26.492a1.687,1.687,0,0,1-2.386,0L14.008,24.9a1.687,1.687,0,0,1,0-2.386L31.131,5.391l-2.51-2.511A1.689,1.689,0,0,1,29.814,0h9A1.687,1.687,0,0,1,40.5,1.688ZM28.619,19.04l-1.125,1.125A1.687,1.687,0,0,0,27,21.358V31.5H4.5V9H23.063a1.688,1.688,0,0,0,1.193-.494l1.125-1.125A1.688,1.688,0,0,0,24.188,4.5H3.375A3.375,3.375,0,0,0,0,7.875v24.75A3.375,3.375,0,0,0,3.375,36h24.75A3.375,3.375,0,0,0,31.5,32.625V20.233A1.687,1.687,0,0,0,28.619,19.04Z'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20width='40.5'%20height='36'%20viewBox='0%200%2040.5%2036'%3e%3cpath%20d='M40.5,1.688v9a1.689,1.689,0,0,1-2.881,1.193L35.109,9.369,17.986,26.492a1.687,1.687,0,0,1-2.386,0L14.008,24.9a1.687,1.687,0,0,1,0-2.386L31.131,5.391l-2.51-2.511A1.689,1.689,0,0,1,29.814,0h9A1.687,1.687,0,0,1,40.5,1.688ZM28.619,19.04l-1.125,1.125A1.687,1.687,0,0,0,27,21.358V31.5H4.5V9H23.063a1.688,1.688,0,0,0,1.193-.494l1.125-1.125A1.688,1.688,0,0,0,24.188,4.5H3.375A3.375,3.375,0,0,0,0,7.875v24.75A3.375,3.375,0,0,0,3.375,36h24.75A3.375,3.375,0,0,0,31.5,32.625V20.233A1.687,1.687,0,0,0,28.619,19.04Z'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></a></div><div class="HorizontalCard-ContentWrapper"><div class="HorizontalCard-KeywordWrapper"><a data-component="keyword" class="Keyword Keyword_variant_alternate Keyword_title_ateWebcasts HorizontalCard-Keyword" href="/ate-webcasts" data-discover="true">ATE Webcasts</a></div><div class="HorizontalCard-TitleWrapper"><a class="HorizontalCard-Title" data-testid="preview-default-title" target="_self" rel="nofollow" href="https://bpi.bioprocessintl.com/light-boxes-and-beyond-maximizing-confidence-in-clone-selection-using-the-beacon-optofluidic-system">Register Now: Light Boxes and Beyond: Maximizing Confidence in Clone Selection Using the Beacon Optofluidic System</a></div><div class="HorizontalCard-MobileTitleWrapper"><a class="HorizontalCard-Title" data-testid="preview-mobile-title" target="_self" rel="nofollow" href="https://bpi.bioprocessintl.com/light-boxes-and-beyond-maximizing-confidence-in-clone-selection-using-the-beacon-optofluidic-system">Register Now: Light Boxes and Beyond: Maximizing Confidence in Clone Selection Using the Beacon Optofluidic System</a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="Sidebar-SidebarItem" data-testid="sidebar-item"><div data-module="content-spotlight" class="ContentSpotlight ContentSpotlight_mode_light"><article class="ContentSpotlight-Article ContentSpotlight-Article_isReversed ContentSpotlight-Article_isSidebar" text-alignment="center" data-testid="content-spotlight-article"><div class="ContentSpotlight-ImageContainer" data-testid="content-spotlight-image-container"><div class="ContentSpotlight-KeywordList"><div class="ContentSpotlight-KeywordWrapper"><a data-component="keyword" class="Keyword Keyword_variant_standard Keyword_title_eventReport ContentSpotlight-Keyword" href="/event-report" data-discover="true">Event Report</a></div></div><a href="/event-report/ebook-biotech-week-boston-post-event-report" data-discover="true"><img data-component="image" class="ContentSpotlight-Image" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blte0564586b5103a82/675a232c445975095a0b2eab/BWB-post-event-ebook-image.png?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blte0564586b5103a82/675a232c445975095a0b2eab/BWB-post-event-ebook-image.png?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="" title=""/></a></div><div class="ContentSpotlight-ContentContainer ContentSpotlight-ContentContainer_textAlignment_center ContentSpotlight-ContentContainer_isSidebar" data-testid="content-spotlight-content-container"><p class="ContentSpotlight-ContentSummary" data-testid="content-spotlight-summary">Exclusive eBook</p><a href="/event-report/ebook-biotech-week-boston-post-event-report" data-discover="true"><h2 class="ContentSpotlight-ContentHeading" data-testid="content-spotlight-heading">eBook: Biotech Week Boston Post-event Report</h2></a><div class="ContentSpotlight-ButtonContainer"><a data-component="button" data-testid="content-spotlight-button-link" class="Button Button_size_medium Button_variant_darkOutlined" href="/event-report/ebook-biotech-week-boston-post-event-report" data-discover="true"><span class="Button-ContentWrapper">Read Now</span></a></div></div></article></div></div><div class="Sidebar-SidebarItem" data-testid="sidebar-item"><div data-component="content-list" class="ContentList"><div class="ContentList-Header"><span data-component="icon" data-name="News" class="ContentList-Icon" style="mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3c?xml%20version='1.0'%20encoding='utf-8'?%3e%3c!--%20Generator:%20Adobe%20Illustrator%2027.6.1,%20SVG%20Export%20Plug-In%20.%20SVG%20Version:%206.00%20Build%200)%20--%3e%3csvg%20version='1.1'%20id='Layer_1'%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20xmlns:xlink='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink'%20x='0px'%20y='0px'%20viewBox='0%200%2025%2016.7'%20style='enable-background:new%200%200%2025%2016.7;'%20xml:space='preserve'%3e%3cpath%20id='Icon_awesome-newspaper'%20d='M24,0H3.8c-0.6,0-1,0.5-1,1v0.3H1c-0.6,0-1,0.5-1,1c0,0,0,0,0,0v11.8c0,1.3,1.1,2.4,2.4,2.4%20h20.5c1.2,0,2.1-0.9,2.1-2.1c0,0,0,0,0,0V1C25,0.5,24.5,0,24,0z%20M2.4,14.6c-0.2,0-0.3-0.2-0.3-0.3V3.5h0.7v10.8%20C2.8,14.4,2.6,14.6,2.4,14.6L2.4,14.6z%20M12.7,13.9H6.1c-0.3,0-0.5-0.2-0.5-0.5V13c0-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.5-0.5c0,0,0,0,0,0h6.6%20c0.3,0,0.5,0.2,0.5,0.5v0.3C13.2,13.7,13,13.9,12.7,13.9C12.7,13.9,12.7,13.9,12.7,13.9z%20M21.7,13.9h-6.6c-0.3,0-0.5-0.2-0.5-0.5V13%20c0-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.5-0.5h6.6c0.3,0,0.5,0.2,0.5,0.5v0.3C22.2,13.7,22,13.9,21.7,13.9L21.7,13.9z%20M12.7,9.7H6.1%20c-0.3,0-0.5-0.2-0.5-0.5V8.9c0-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.5-0.5h6.6c0.3,0,0.5,0.2,0.5,0.5v0.3C13.2,9.5,13,9.7,12.7,9.7%20C12.7,9.7,12.7,9.7,12.7,9.7z%20M21.7,9.7h-6.6c-0.3,0-0.5-0.2-0.5-0.5V8.9c0-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.5-0.5h6.6c0.3,0,0.5,0.2,0.5,0.5v0.3%20C22.2,9.5,22,9.7,21.7,9.7C21.7,9.7,21.7,9.7,21.7,9.7L21.7,9.7z%20M21.7,5.6H6.1C5.8,5.6,5.6,5.3,5.6,5V3.3c0-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.5-0.5%20h15.6c0.3,0,0.5,0.2,0.5,0.5V5C22.2,5.3,22,5.6,21.7,5.6L21.7,5.6z'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3c?xml%20version='1.0'%20encoding='utf-8'?%3e%3c!--%20Generator:%20Adobe%20Illustrator%2027.6.1,%20SVG%20Export%20Plug-In%20.%20SVG%20Version:%206.00%20Build%200)%20--%3e%3csvg%20version='1.1'%20id='Layer_1'%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20xmlns:xlink='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink'%20x='0px'%20y='0px'%20viewBox='0%200%2025%2016.7'%20style='enable-background:new%200%200%2025%2016.7;'%20xml:space='preserve'%3e%3cpath%20id='Icon_awesome-newspaper'%20d='M24,0H3.8c-0.6,0-1,0.5-1,1v0.3H1c-0.6,0-1,0.5-1,1c0,0,0,0,0,0v11.8c0,1.3,1.1,2.4,2.4,2.4%20h20.5c1.2,0,2.1-0.9,2.1-2.1c0,0,0,0,0,0V1C25,0.5,24.5,0,24,0z%20M2.4,14.6c-0.2,0-0.3-0.2-0.3-0.3V3.5h0.7v10.8%20C2.8,14.4,2.6,14.6,2.4,14.6L2.4,14.6z%20M12.7,13.9H6.1c-0.3,0-0.5-0.2-0.5-0.5V13c0-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.5-0.5c0,0,0,0,0,0h6.6%20c0.3,0,0.5,0.2,0.5,0.5v0.3C13.2,13.7,13,13.9,12.7,13.9C12.7,13.9,12.7,13.9,12.7,13.9z%20M21.7,13.9h-6.6c-0.3,0-0.5-0.2-0.5-0.5V13%20c0-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.5-0.5h6.6c0.3,0,0.5,0.2,0.5,0.5v0.3C22.2,13.7,22,13.9,21.7,13.9L21.7,13.9z%20M12.7,9.7H6.1%20c-0.3,0-0.5-0.2-0.5-0.5V8.9c0-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.5-0.5h6.6c0.3,0,0.5,0.2,0.5,0.5v0.3C13.2,9.5,13,9.7,12.7,9.7%20C12.7,9.7,12.7,9.7,12.7,9.7z%20M21.7,9.7h-6.6c-0.3,0-0.5-0.2-0.5-0.5V8.9c0-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.5-0.5h6.6c0.3,0,0.5,0.2,0.5,0.5v0.3%20C22.2,9.5,22,9.7,21.7,9.7C21.7,9.7,21.7,9.7,21.7,9.7L21.7,9.7z%20M21.7,5.6H6.1C5.8,5.6,5.6,5.3,5.6,5V3.3c0-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.5-0.5%20h15.6c0.3,0,0.5,0.2,0.5,0.5V5C22.2,5.3,22,5.6,21.7,5.6L21.7,5.6z'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span><span class="ContentList-Title" data-testid="content-list-title">Insider News</span></div><ul class="ContentList-List"><li class="ContentList-ListItem"><a data-testid="content-list-item-title" href="/upstream-downstream-processing/lilly-goes-hybrid-to-drive-kisunla-productivity" target="" data-discover="true"><p class="ContentList-ListItemTitle">Lilly goes hybrid to drive Kisunla productivity</p></a><span class="ContentList-ListItemDate" data-testid="content-list-item-date">Feb 14, 2025<div data-module="card-time" class="CardTime"><span class="CardTime-SeparatorLine">|</span><div data-component="article-read-time" class="ArticleReadTime ArticleReadTime_size_small CardTime-ReadTime"><span>2 Min Read</span></div></div></span></li><li class="ContentList-ListItem"><a data-testid="content-list-item-title" href="/facilities-capacity/moderna-slashes-manufacturing-costs-amid-declining-sales" target="" data-discover="true"><p class="ContentList-ListItemTitle">Moderna slashes manufacturing costs amid declining sales</p></a><span class="ContentList-ListItemDate" data-testid="content-list-item-date">Feb 14, 2025<div data-module="card-time" class="CardTime"><span class="CardTime-SeparatorLine">|</span><div data-component="article-read-time" class="ArticleReadTime ArticleReadTime_size_small CardTime-ReadTime"><span>2 Min Read</span></div></div></span></li><li class="ContentList-ListItem"><a data-testid="content-list-item-title" href="/facilities-capacity/ins-outs-new-year-new-bosses-at-sanofi-gilead-and-roche" target="" data-discover="true"><p class="ContentList-ListItemTitle">Ins & Outs: New year, new bosses at Sanofi, Gilead, and Roche</p></a><span class="ContentList-ListItemDate" data-testid="content-list-item-date">Feb 13, 2025<div data-module="card-time" class="CardTime"><span class="CardTime-SeparatorLine">|</span><div data-component="article-read-time" class="ArticleReadTime ArticleReadTime_size_small CardTime-ReadTime"><span>3 Min Read</span></div></div></span></li><li class="ContentList-ListItem"><a data-testid="content-list-item-title" href="/facilities-capacity/cdmo-axplora-bets-50m-on-adc-and-glp-1-growth" target="" data-discover="true"><p class="ContentList-ListItemTitle">CDMO Axplora bets €50M on ADC and GLP-1 growth</p></a><span class="ContentList-ListItemDate" data-testid="content-list-item-date">Feb 13, 2025<div data-module="card-time" class="CardTime"><span class="CardTime-SeparatorLine">|</span><div data-component="article-read-time" class="ArticleReadTime ArticleReadTime_size_small CardTime-ReadTime"><span>2 Min Read</span></div></div></span></li></ul><div class="ContentList-CTAButton"><span data-component="button" role="presentation" class="Button Button_size_medium Button_variant_textLink"><span class="Button-ContentWrapper"><a class="ContentList-CTAText" rel="noreferrer" href="/program/bioprocess-insider" target="_blank" data-discover="true">See all</a></span><span data-component="icon" data-name="ChevronRight" class="Button-Icon Button-Icon_position_right" style="mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='13'%20height='21'%20viewBox='0%200%2013%2021'%3e%3cpath%20id='Icon_awesome-chevron-right'%20data-name='Icon%20awesome-chevron-right'%20d='M12.655,11.316,3.122,20.662a1.194,1.194,0,0,1-1.665,0L.345,19.572a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L7.9,10.5.343,3.058a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L1.457.338a1.194,1.194,0,0,1,1.665,0l9.533,9.346A1.138,1.138,0,0,1,12.655,11.316Z'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='13'%20height='21'%20viewBox='0%200%2013%2021'%3e%3cpath%20id='Icon_awesome-chevron-right'%20data-name='Icon%20awesome-chevron-right'%20d='M12.655,11.316,3.122,20.662a1.194,1.194,0,0,1-1.665,0L.345,19.572a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L7.9,10.5.343,3.058a1.138,1.138,0,0,1,0-1.63L1.457.338a1.194,1.194,0,0,1,1.665,0l9.533,9.346A1.138,1.138,0,0,1,12.655,11.316Z'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></span></div></div></div><div class="Sidebar-SidebarItem" data-testid="sidebar-item"><div class="EventFeature EventFeature_isConstrained" data-module="event-feature"><div style="background-color:noBackground" class="EventFeature-Wrapper EventFeature-Wrapper_isConstrained" data-testid="event-feature-wrapper"><div class="EventFeature-LogoSection EventFeature-LogoSection_isConstrained"><div class="EventFeature-AspectLogo"><a data-testid="event-feature-logo-link" aria-label="Visit com/bpi-west/?vip_code=BPIPUB&utm_source=bpi-publication&utm_medium=web-calendar link" target="_blank" href="https://informaconnect.com/bpi-west/?vip_code=BPIPUB&utm_source=bpi-publication&utm_medium=web-calendar"><span class="EventFeature-ImageScreenReaderText"></span><img data-component="image" class="EventFeature-Logo" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/bltfee784f6360b2d51/678aa07a35292b921aba81a8/BPI-West-LOGO-Color-e53168fc9b9a7cd528a6bb0fd448dbf7.png?width=800&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/bltfee784f6360b2d51/678aa07a35292b921aba81a8/BPI-West-LOGO-Color-e53168fc9b9a7cd528a6bb0fd448dbf7.png?width=800&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="" title=""/></a></div><div class="EventFeature-Date EventFeature-Date_displayOption_logo" data-testid="event-feature-logo-date">Mar 18 - Mar 21, 2025</div></div><div class="EventFeature-ContentSection EventFeature-ContentSection_isConstrained EventFeature-ContentSection_logoPosition_left"><div class="EventFeature-Date EventFeature-Date_displayOption_content" data-testid="event-feature-content-date">Mar 18 - Mar 21, 2025</div><div class="EventFeature-Description EventFeature-Description_isConstrained" data-testid="event-feature-description">SLASH TIME FROM BENCH TO BEDSIDE: Cutting-edge biomanufacturing for mAbs, vaccines, and advanced therapies. Bright ideas, bold science, and big innovations—delivering efficiency, precision, and quality through every phase of bioprocessing.</div><a class="EventFeature-ButtonLink EventFeature-ButtonLink_isConstrained" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-testid="event-feature-button" href="https://informaconnect.com/bpi-west/?vip_code=BPIPUB&utm_source=bpi-publication&utm_medium=web-calendar">Learn More</a></div></div></div></div><div class="Sidebar-SidebarItem" data-testid="sidebar-item"><div data-module="content-cards" class="ContentCards ContentCards_sidebar"><div class="ContentCards-CardsWrapper ContentCards-CardsWrapper_default"><div class="ContentCards-Header ContentCards-Header_default" data-testid="content-cards-header"><h3 class="ContentCards-Title" data-testid="contentCardsTitle">Innovative Technology</h3></div><div class="ContentCards-Content ContentCards-Content_default"><div class="ContentCards-ContentPreview ContentCards-ContentPreview_default" data-testid="content-preview-default"><div class="ContentPreview" data-module="content-preview" data-variant="card-horizontal"><div class="HorizontalCard"><div class="HorizontalCard-ImageWrapper"><a href="/sponsored-content/the-value-of-peptones-for-enhancing-biopharmaceutical-productivity" data-discover="true"><span class="HorizontalCard-ImageScreenReaderText">Thermo Fisher Scientific peptones white paper</span><img data-component="image" class="HorizontalCard-Image" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blt0c75b2e6cacfdab6/6798002859f03084e8a7edad/PG3042-PJT12153-BAN-9484668-SUPP-BPI-Peptones-Global-F_1280x720.jpg?width=300&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blt0c75b2e6cacfdab6/6798002859f03084e8a7edad/PG3042-PJT12153-BAN-9484668-SUPP-BPI-Peptones-Global-F_1280x720.jpg?width=300&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="" title=""/></a><a class="HorizontalCard-IconWrapper" title="Link to all document" data-testid="content-preview-icon-link" href="/sponsored-content/the-value-of-peptones-for-enhancing-biopharmaceutical-productivity" data-discover="true"><span data-component="icon" data-name="Document" class="HorizontalCard-Icon" style="mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='10.5'%20height='14'%20viewBox='0%200%2010.5%2014'%3e%3cpath%20id='Icon_awesome-file-alt'%20data-name='Icon%20awesome-file-alt'%20d='M6.125,3.719V0H.656A.655.655,0,0,0,0,.656V13.344A.655.655,0,0,0,.656,14H9.844a.655.655,0,0,0,.656-.656V4.375H6.781A.658.658,0,0,1,6.125,3.719Zm1.75,6.453a.329.329,0,0,1-.328.328H2.953a.329.329,0,0,1-.328-.328V9.953a.329.329,0,0,1,.328-.328H7.547a.329.329,0,0,1,.328.328Zm0-1.75a.329.329,0,0,1-.328.328H2.953a.329.329,0,0,1-.328-.328V8.2a.329.329,0,0,1,.328-.328H7.547a.329.329,0,0,1,.328.328Zm0-1.969v.219A.329.329,0,0,1,7.547,7H2.953a.329.329,0,0,1-.328-.328V6.453a.329.329,0,0,1,.328-.328H7.547A.329.329,0,0,1,7.875,6.453ZM10.5,3.333V3.5H7V0h.167a.656.656,0,0,1,.465.191l2.677,2.68A.654.654,0,0,1,10.5,3.333Z'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='10.5'%20height='14'%20viewBox='0%200%2010.5%2014'%3e%3cpath%20id='Icon_awesome-file-alt'%20data-name='Icon%20awesome-file-alt'%20d='M6.125,3.719V0H.656A.655.655,0,0,0,0,.656V13.344A.655.655,0,0,0,.656,14H9.844a.655.655,0,0,0,.656-.656V4.375H6.781A.658.658,0,0,1,6.125,3.719Zm1.75,6.453a.329.329,0,0,1-.328.328H2.953a.329.329,0,0,1-.328-.328V9.953a.329.329,0,0,1,.328-.328H7.547a.329.329,0,0,1,.328.328Zm0-1.75a.329.329,0,0,1-.328.328H2.953a.329.329,0,0,1-.328-.328V8.2a.329.329,0,0,1,.328-.328H7.547a.329.329,0,0,1,.328.328Zm0-1.969v.219A.329.329,0,0,1,7.547,7H2.953a.329.329,0,0,1-.328-.328V6.453a.329.329,0,0,1,.328-.328H7.547A.329.329,0,0,1,7.875,6.453ZM10.5,3.333V3.5H7V0h.167a.656.656,0,0,1,.465.191l2.677,2.68A.654.654,0,0,1,10.5,3.333Z'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></a></div><div class="HorizontalCard-ContentWrapper"><div class="HorizontalCard-KeywordWrapper"><span data-component="keyword" class="Keyword Keyword_variant_alternate Keyword_title_sponsoredContent HorizontalCard-Keyword">Sponsored Content</span></div><div class="HorizontalCard-TitleWrapper"><a class="HorizontalCard-Title" data-testid="preview-default-title" href="/sponsored-content/the-value-of-peptones-for-enhancing-biopharmaceutical-productivity" data-discover="true">The Value of Peptones for Enhancing Biopharmaceutical Productivity</a></div><div class="HorizontalCard-MobileTitleWrapper"><a class="HorizontalCard-Title" data-testid="preview-mobile-title" href="/sponsored-content/the-value-of-peptones-for-enhancing-biopharmaceutical-productivity" data-discover="true">The Value of Peptones for Enhancing Biopharmaceutical Productivity</a></div><p class="HorizontalCard-Date" data-testid="horizontalCardDate">Jan 27, 2025</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ContentCards-ContentPreview ContentCards-ContentPreview_default" data-testid="content-preview-default"><div class="ContentPreview" data-module="content-preview" data-variant="card-horizontal"><div class="HorizontalCard"><div class="HorizontalCard-ImageWrapper"><a href="/sponsored-content/innovative-impurity-reduction-in-harvesting-process-with-trehalose-sg" data-discover="true"><span class="HorizontalCard-ImageScreenReaderText">Nagase Trehalose SG</span><img data-component="image" class="HorizontalCard-Image" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blt94d66e28e602c50b/678015372903332be28014d5/White_paper_Image_NAGASE_1280x720.png?width=300&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blt94d66e28e602c50b/678015372903332be28014d5/White_paper_Image_NAGASE_1280x720.png?width=300&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="" title=""/></a><a class="HorizontalCard-IconWrapper" title="Link to all document" data-testid="content-preview-icon-link" href="/sponsored-content/innovative-impurity-reduction-in-harvesting-process-with-trehalose-sg" data-discover="true"><span data-component="icon" data-name="Document" class="HorizontalCard-Icon" style="mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='10.5'%20height='14'%20viewBox='0%200%2010.5%2014'%3e%3cpath%20id='Icon_awesome-file-alt'%20data-name='Icon%20awesome-file-alt'%20d='M6.125,3.719V0H.656A.655.655,0,0,0,0,.656V13.344A.655.655,0,0,0,.656,14H9.844a.655.655,0,0,0,.656-.656V4.375H6.781A.658.658,0,0,1,6.125,3.719Zm1.75,6.453a.329.329,0,0,1-.328.328H2.953a.329.329,0,0,1-.328-.328V9.953a.329.329,0,0,1,.328-.328H7.547a.329.329,0,0,1,.328.328Zm0-1.75a.329.329,0,0,1-.328.328H2.953a.329.329,0,0,1-.328-.328V8.2a.329.329,0,0,1,.328-.328H7.547a.329.329,0,0,1,.328.328Zm0-1.969v.219A.329.329,0,0,1,7.547,7H2.953a.329.329,0,0,1-.328-.328V6.453a.329.329,0,0,1,.328-.328H7.547A.329.329,0,0,1,7.875,6.453ZM10.5,3.333V3.5H7V0h.167a.656.656,0,0,1,.465.191l2.677,2.68A.654.654,0,0,1,10.5,3.333Z'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='10.5'%20height='14'%20viewBox='0%200%2010.5%2014'%3e%3cpath%20id='Icon_awesome-file-alt'%20data-name='Icon%20awesome-file-alt'%20d='M6.125,3.719V0H.656A.655.655,0,0,0,0,.656V13.344A.655.655,0,0,0,.656,14H9.844a.655.655,0,0,0,.656-.656V4.375H6.781A.658.658,0,0,1,6.125,3.719Zm1.75,6.453a.329.329,0,0,1-.328.328H2.953a.329.329,0,0,1-.328-.328V9.953a.329.329,0,0,1,.328-.328H7.547a.329.329,0,0,1,.328.328Zm0-1.75a.329.329,0,0,1-.328.328H2.953a.329.329,0,0,1-.328-.328V8.2a.329.329,0,0,1,.328-.328H7.547a.329.329,0,0,1,.328.328Zm0-1.969v.219A.329.329,0,0,1,7.547,7H2.953a.329.329,0,0,1-.328-.328V6.453a.329.329,0,0,1,.328-.328H7.547A.329.329,0,0,1,7.875,6.453ZM10.5,3.333V3.5H7V0h.167a.656.656,0,0,1,.465.191l2.677,2.68A.654.654,0,0,1,10.5,3.333Z'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></a></div><div class="HorizontalCard-ContentWrapper"><div class="HorizontalCard-KeywordWrapper"><span data-component="keyword" class="Keyword Keyword_variant_alternate Keyword_title_sponsoredContent HorizontalCard-Keyword">Sponsored Content</span></div><div class="HorizontalCard-TitleWrapper"><a class="HorizontalCard-Title" data-testid="preview-default-title" href="/sponsored-content/innovative-impurity-reduction-in-harvesting-process-with-trehalose-sg" data-discover="true">Innovative Impurity Reduction in Harvesting Process With TREHALOSE SG</a></div><div class="HorizontalCard-MobileTitleWrapper"><a class="HorizontalCard-Title" data-testid="preview-mobile-title" href="/sponsored-content/innovative-impurity-reduction-in-harvesting-process-with-trehalose-sg" data-discover="true">Innovative Impurity Reduction in Harvesting Process With TREHALOSE SG</a></div><p class="HorizontalCard-Date" data-testid="horizontalCardDate">Jan 9, 2025</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ContentCards-ContentPreview ContentCards-ContentPreview_default" data-testid="content-preview-default"><div class="ContentPreview" data-module="content-preview" data-variant="card-horizontal"><div class="HorizontalCard"><div class="HorizontalCard-ImageWrapper"><a href="/sponsored-content/monitoring-and-controlling-upstream-bioprocesses-with-raman-spectroscopy" data-discover="true"><span class="HorizontalCard-ImageScreenReaderText">Bruker Tornado Spectroscopy</span><img data-component="image" class="HorizontalCard-Image" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/bltd1190449269f50e8/674f48457f3a37e6bafde3a8/BPI_Multimedia2.png?width=300&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/bltd1190449269f50e8/674f48457f3a37e6bafde3a8/BPI_Multimedia2.png?width=300&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="" title=""/></a><a class="HorizontalCard-IconWrapper" title="Link to all document" data-testid="content-preview-icon-link" href="/sponsored-content/monitoring-and-controlling-upstream-bioprocesses-with-raman-spectroscopy" data-discover="true"><span data-component="icon" data-name="Document" class="HorizontalCard-Icon" style="mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='10.5'%20height='14'%20viewBox='0%200%2010.5%2014'%3e%3cpath%20id='Icon_awesome-file-alt'%20data-name='Icon%20awesome-file-alt'%20d='M6.125,3.719V0H.656A.655.655,0,0,0,0,.656V13.344A.655.655,0,0,0,.656,14H9.844a.655.655,0,0,0,.656-.656V4.375H6.781A.658.658,0,0,1,6.125,3.719Zm1.75,6.453a.329.329,0,0,1-.328.328H2.953a.329.329,0,0,1-.328-.328V9.953a.329.329,0,0,1,.328-.328H7.547a.329.329,0,0,1,.328.328Zm0-1.75a.329.329,0,0,1-.328.328H2.953a.329.329,0,0,1-.328-.328V8.2a.329.329,0,0,1,.328-.328H7.547a.329.329,0,0,1,.328.328Zm0-1.969v.219A.329.329,0,0,1,7.547,7H2.953a.329.329,0,0,1-.328-.328V6.453a.329.329,0,0,1,.328-.328H7.547A.329.329,0,0,1,7.875,6.453ZM10.5,3.333V3.5H7V0h.167a.656.656,0,0,1,.465.191l2.677,2.68A.654.654,0,0,1,10.5,3.333Z'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20width='10.5'%20height='14'%20viewBox='0%200%2010.5%2014'%3e%3cpath%20id='Icon_awesome-file-alt'%20data-name='Icon%20awesome-file-alt'%20d='M6.125,3.719V0H.656A.655.655,0,0,0,0,.656V13.344A.655.655,0,0,0,.656,14H9.844a.655.655,0,0,0,.656-.656V4.375H6.781A.658.658,0,0,1,6.125,3.719Zm1.75,6.453a.329.329,0,0,1-.328.328H2.953a.329.329,0,0,1-.328-.328V9.953a.329.329,0,0,1,.328-.328H7.547a.329.329,0,0,1,.328.328Zm0-1.75a.329.329,0,0,1-.328.328H2.953a.329.329,0,0,1-.328-.328V8.2a.329.329,0,0,1,.328-.328H7.547a.329.329,0,0,1,.328.328Zm0-1.969v.219A.329.329,0,0,1,7.547,7H2.953a.329.329,0,0,1-.328-.328V6.453a.329.329,0,0,1,.328-.328H7.547A.329.329,0,0,1,7.875,6.453ZM10.5,3.333V3.5H7V0h.167a.656.656,0,0,1,.465.191l2.677,2.68A.654.654,0,0,1,10.5,3.333Z'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></a></div><div class="HorizontalCard-ContentWrapper"><div class="HorizontalCard-KeywordWrapper"><span data-component="keyword" class="Keyword Keyword_variant_alternate Keyword_title_sponsoredContent HorizontalCard-Keyword">Sponsored Content</span></div><div class="HorizontalCard-TitleWrapper"><a class="HorizontalCard-Title" data-testid="preview-default-title" href="/sponsored-content/monitoring-and-controlling-upstream-bioprocesses-with-raman-spectroscopy" data-discover="true">Monitoring and Controlling Upstream Bioprocesses with Raman Spectroscopy</a></div><div class="HorizontalCard-MobileTitleWrapper"><a class="HorizontalCard-Title" data-testid="preview-mobile-title" href="/sponsored-content/monitoring-and-controlling-upstream-bioprocesses-with-raman-spectroscopy" data-discover="true">Monitoring and Controlling Upstream Bioprocesses with Raman Spectroscopy</a></div><p class="HorizontalCard-Date" data-testid="horizontalCardDate">Dec 1, 2024</p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="Sidebar-SidebarItem"><div class="Sidebar-SidebarItem" data-testid="sidebar-item"><div data-module="content-spotlight" class="ContentSpotlight ContentSpotlight_mode_light"><article class="ContentSpotlight-Article ContentSpotlight-Article_isReversed ContentSpotlight-Article_isSidebar" text-alignment="left" data-testid="content-spotlight-article"><div class="ContentSpotlight-ImageContainer" data-testid="content-spotlight-image-container"><div class="ContentSpotlight-KeywordList"><div class="ContentSpotlight-KeywordWrapper"><span data-component="keyword" class="Keyword Keyword_variant_standard Keyword_title_sponsoredContent ContentSpotlight-Keyword">Sponsored Content</span></div></div><a href="/sponsored-content/redefining-cell-line-development-with-a-new-automated-clone-screening-system" data-discover="true"><img data-component="image" class="ContentSpotlight-Image" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/bltbec647860dbfe41c/67589093a398c3252178bc88/23-1-2-CR-BeckmanCoulter-Cover-Wide.png?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/bltbec647860dbfe41c/67589093a398c3252178bc88/23-1-2-CR-BeckmanCoulter-Cover-Wide.png?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="Beckman Coulter special report" title="Beckman Coulter special report"/></a></div><div class="ContentSpotlight-ContentContainer ContentSpotlight-ContentContainer_textAlignment_left ContentSpotlight-ContentContainer_isSidebar" data-testid="content-spotlight-content-container"><p class="ContentSpotlight-ContentSummary" data-testid="content-spotlight-summary">Special Report</p><a href="/sponsored-content/redefining-cell-line-development-with-a-new-automated-clone-screening-system" data-discover="true"><h2 class="ContentSpotlight-ContentHeading" data-testid="content-spotlight-heading">Redefining Cell Line Development with a New Automated Clone Screening System</h2></a><div class="ContentSpotlight-ButtonContainer"><a data-component="button" data-testid="content-spotlight-button-link" class="Button Button_size_medium Button_variant_darkOutlined" href="/sponsored-content/redefining-cell-line-development-with-a-new-automated-clone-screening-system" data-discover="true"><span class="Button-ContentWrapper">Read Now</span></a></div></div></article></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ListContent-NewsletterSignupPromo"><div data-module="newsletter-signup-promo"><div class="SubscribeBanner SubscribeBanner_mode_dark SubscribeBanner_variant_vertical"><div class="SubscribeBanner-Wrapper"><div class="SubscribeBanner-Title" data-testid="subscribeBanner_title">Subscribe to receive our monthly print or digital publication</div><div class="SubscribeBanner-Message" data-testid="subscribeBanner_message">Join our 70,000+ readers. And yes, it's completely free.</div><div class="SubscribeBanner-Button"><a data-component="button" data-testid="bannerNewsletterbutton" class="Button Button_size_medium Button_variant_secondaryFilled" data-action-type="sign-up" data-name="subscribe-banner" href="https://magazine.bioprocessintl.com/?pk=WEBS23B" target="_blank"><span class="Button-ContentWrapper">Subscribe</span></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></section><footer data-module="footer" class="Footer"><div class="Footer-Background"></div><div data-testid="logo" class="Footer-LogoContainer Footer-LogoContainer_length_3"><a href="/" data-discover="true"><img title="BioProcess International logo" data-component="image" class="Footer-LogoImage Footer-LogoImage_length_3" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blta6717ea597e88ac9/6540ff1e76ec82040a90a249/BPI_-_Logo.svg?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blta6717ea597e88ac9/6540ff1e76ec82040a90a249/BPI_-_Logo.svg?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="BioProcess International logo"/></a></div><div data-testid="LinkSection" class="LinkSection LinkSection_length_3"><h5 class="LinkSection-Title" data-testid="link-section-title">BPI Content</h5><div class="LinkSection-LinksWrapper"><a class="LinkSection-Link" href="/publications" target="_self" data-discover="true">BPI Archive</a><a class="LinkSection-Link" href="/program/bioprocess-insider" target="_self" data-discover="true">BioProcess Insider News</a><a class="LinkSection-Link" target="_self" rel="noreferrer" href="https://bpi.bioprocessintl.com/bioprocess-insider-subscription">Subscribe to BioProcess Insider Newsletter</a></div></div><div data-testid="LinkSection" class="LinkSection LinkSection_length_3"><h5 class="LinkSection-Title" data-testid="link-section-title">Resources</h5><div class="LinkSection-LinksWrapper"><a class="LinkSection-Link" href="/events" target="_self" data-discover="true">Events</a><a class="LinkSection-Link" href="/webinars" target="_self" data-discover="true">Webinars</a><a class="LinkSection-Link" href="/program/white-papers" target="_self" data-discover="true">White Papers</a><a class="LinkSection-Link" href="/program/poster-hall" target="_self" data-discover="true">Posters</a><a class="LinkSection-Link" href="/videos" target="_self" data-discover="true">Videos</a><a class="LinkSection-Link" href="/podcasts" target="_self" data-discover="true">Podcasts</a></div></div><div data-testid="LinkSection" class="LinkSection LinkSection_length_3"><h5 class="LinkSection-Title" data-testid="link-section-title">About BPI</h5><div class="LinkSection-LinksWrapper"><a class="LinkSection-Link" href="/about" target="_self" data-discover="true">Who We Are</a><a class="LinkSection-Link" href="/editorial-advisors" target="_self" data-discover="true">Editorial Advisors</a><a class="LinkSection-Link" href="/contribute" target="_self" data-discover="true">Author Guidelines</a><a class="LinkSection-Link" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://get.informaconnect.com/bpipublication/sponsorship/?utm_source=BioprocessIntl&utm_medium=web&utm_campaign=advertise">Advertising/Media Kit</a><a class="LinkSection-Link" rel="noreferrer" href="/reprints-and-list-rental" target="_blank" data-discover="true">List Rental/Reprints</a><a class="LinkSection-Link" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://informaconnect.com/careers/">Careers</a></div></div><div data-testid="registration" class="Footer-RegistrationWrapper"><div class="RegistrationSection RegistrationSection_linkSectionLength_3"><h5 class="RegistrationSection-Title">Join Us</h5><div class="Layout-Register Layout-Register_variant_footer"></div><div class="Layout-NewsLetter Layout-NewsLetter_variant_footer"><div data-module="newsletter-signup-promo"><a data-component="button" data-testid="footerNewsletterButton" class="Button Button_size_medium Button_variant_primaryFilled" data-action-type="sign-up" data-name="subscribe-footer" href="https://magazine.bioprocessintl.com/?pk=WEBS23B" target="_blank"><span class="Button-ContentWrapper">Subscribe</span></a></div></div></div></div><div data-testid="social" class="SocialSection SocialSection_linkSectionLength_3"><h5 class="SocialSection-Title">Follow Us</h5><div data-component="social-share" class="SocialShare SocialShare_variant_layout"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" aria-label="Linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/bioprocess-international/"><span class="SocialShare-IconWrapper SocialShare-IconWrapper_variant_layout"><span data-component="icon" data-name="Linkedin" class="SocialShare-Icon SocialShare-Icon_variant_layout SocialShare-Icon_type_linkedin" style="mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20viewBox='0%200%20448%20512'%3e%3cpath%20d='M100.28%20448H7.4V148.9h92.88zM53.79%20108.1C24.09%20108.1%200%2083.5%200%2053.8a53.79%2053.79%200%200%201%20107.58%200c0%2029.7-24.1%2054.3-53.79%2054.3zM447.9%20448h-92.68V302.4c0-34.7-.7-79.2-48.29-79.2-48.29%200-55.69%2037.7-55.69%2076.7V448h-92.78V148.9h89.08v40.8h1.3c12.4-23.5%2042.69-48.3%2087.88-48.3%2094%200%20111.28%2061.9%20111.28%20142.3V448z'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20viewBox='0%200%20448%20512'%3e%3cpath%20d='M100.28%20448H7.4V148.9h92.88zM53.79%20108.1C24.09%20108.1%200%2083.5%200%2053.8a53.79%2053.79%200%200%201%20107.58%200c0%2029.7-24.1%2054.3-53.79%2054.3zM447.9%20448h-92.68V302.4c0-34.7-.7-79.2-48.29-79.2-48.29%200-55.69%2037.7-55.69%2076.7V448h-92.78V148.9h89.08v40.8h1.3c12.4-23.5%2042.69-48.3%2087.88-48.3%2094%200%20111.28%2061.9%20111.28%20142.3V448z'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></span></a><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" aria-label="Twitter" href="https://twitter.com/bioprocessintl"><span class="SocialShare-IconWrapper SocialShare-IconWrapper_variant_layout"><span data-component="icon" data-name="Twitter" class="SocialShare-Icon SocialShare-Icon_variant_layout SocialShare-Icon_type_twitter" style="mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20512%20512'%3e%3c!--!%20Font%20Awesome%20Pro%206.4.2%20by%20@fontawesome%20-%20https://fontawesome.com%20License%20-%20https://fontawesome.com/license%20(Commercial%20License)%20Copyright%202023%20Fonticons,%20Inc.%20--%3e%3cpath%20d='M389.2%2048h70.6L305.6%20224.2%20487%20464H345L233.7%20318.6%20106.5%20464H35.8L200.7%20275.5%2026.8%2048H172.4L272.9%20180.9%20389.2%2048zM364.4%20421.8h39.1L151.1%2088h-42L364.4%20421.8z'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20512%20512'%3e%3c!--!%20Font%20Awesome%20Pro%206.4.2%20by%20@fontawesome%20-%20https://fontawesome.com%20License%20-%20https://fontawesome.com/license%20(Commercial%20License)%20Copyright%202023%20Fonticons,%20Inc.%20--%3e%3cpath%20d='M389.2%2048h70.6L305.6%20224.2%20487%20464H345L233.7%20318.6%20106.5%20464H35.8L200.7%20275.5%2026.8%2048H172.4L272.9%20180.9%20389.2%2048zM364.4%20421.8h39.1L151.1%2088h-42L364.4%20421.8z'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></span></a><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" aria-label="Youtube" href="https://www.youtube.com/@bioprocessinternational2391"><span class="SocialShare-IconWrapper SocialShare-IconWrapper_variant_layout"><span data-component="icon" data-name="Youtube" class="SocialShare-Icon SocialShare-Icon_variant_layout SocialShare-Icon_type_youtube" style="mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20viewBox='0%200%20576%20512'%3e%3cpath%20d='M549.655%20124.083c-6.281-23.65-24.787-42.276-48.284-48.597C458.781%2064%20288%2064%20288%2064S117.22%2064%2074.629%2075.486c-23.497%206.322-42.003%2024.947-48.284%2048.597-11.412%2042.867-11.412%20132.305-11.412%20132.305s0%2089.438%2011.412%20132.305c6.281%2023.65%2024.787%2041.5%2048.284%2047.821C117.22%20448%20288%20448%20288%20448s170.78%200%20213.371-11.486c23.497-6.321%2042.003-24.171%2048.284-47.821%2011.412-42.867%2011.412-132.305%2011.412-132.305s0-89.438-11.412-132.305zm-317.51%20213.508V175.185l142.739%2081.205-142.739%2081.201z'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20fill='currentColor'%20viewBox='0%200%20576%20512'%3e%3cpath%20d='M549.655%20124.083c-6.281-23.65-24.787-42.276-48.284-48.597C458.781%2064%20288%2064%20288%2064S117.22%2064%2074.629%2075.486c-23.497%206.322-42.003%2024.947-48.284%2048.597-11.412%2042.867-11.412%20132.305-11.412%20132.305s0%2089.438%2011.412%20132.305c6.281%2023.65%2024.787%2041.5%2048.284%2047.821C117.22%20448%20288%20448%20288%20448s170.78%200%20213.371-11.486c23.497-6.321%2042.003-24.171%2048.284-47.821%2011.412-42.867%2011.412-132.305%2011.412-132.305s0-89.438-11.412-132.305zm-317.51%20213.508V175.185l142.739%2081.205-142.739%2081.201z'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-size:contain"></span></span></a></div></div><div class="CopyrightsSection"><div class="CopyrightsSection-Background"></div><div data-testid="copyrights" class="CopyrightsSection-Wrapper"><a data-testid="businessUnit" class="CopyrightsSection-BusinessLink" target="_blank" href="https://informaconnect.com/"><img title="BPI Footer " data-component="image" class="CopyrightsSection-BusinessImage" data-src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blt2d72d571f7fe7a8e/6553ad917b173f040a791328/BTYB_Informa_Connect_Logo_1Line_White_Grad_RGB.png?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" src="https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blt2d72d571f7fe7a8e/6553ad917b173f040a791328/BTYB_Informa_Connect_Logo_1Line_White_Grad_RGB.png?width=700&auto=webp&quality=80&disable=upscale" loading="lazy" alt="BPI Footer "/></a><div class="CopyrightsSection-TextWrapper"><p data-testid="copyrightText" class="CopyrightsSection-Text"><span class="CopyrightsSection-TextBlock"></span>Copyright © 2025 Informa Connect Limited. Registered in England & Wales with number 01835199, registered office 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.</p><div data-testid="copyrightLinks" class="CopyrightsSection-LinksWrapper CopyrightsSection-LinksWrapper_hasLinks"><a class="CopyrightsSection-Link" href="/cookie-policy" target="_self" data-discover="true">Cookie Policy<span class="CopyrightsSection-LinkSeparator">|</span></a><a class="CopyrightsSection-Link" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.informa.com/privacy-policy/">Privacy<span class="CopyrightsSection-LinkSeparator">|</span></a><a class="CopyrightsSection-Link" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://informaconnect.com/terms-of-use/">Terms<span class="CopyrightsSection-LinkSeparator">|</span></a><a class="CopyrightsSection-Link" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://privacyportal-eu-cdn.onetrust.com/dsarwebform/c1f53e84-9f05-4169-a854-85052b63c50b/5f26b553-52cc-4973-a761-295d5634a6b6.html">CCPA: Do not sell my personal info</a></div></div></div></div></footer></div></div><div id="script-list"></div></main><script>((storageKey2, restoreKey) => { if (!window.history.state || !window.history.state.key) { let key = Math.random().toString(32).slice(2); window.history.replaceState({ key }, ""); } try { let positions = JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(storageKey2) || "{}"); let storedY = positions[restoreKey || window.history.state.key]; if (typeof storedY === "number") { window.scrollTo(0, storedY); } } catch (error) { console.error(error); sessionStorage.removeItem(storageKey2); } })("react-router-scroll-positions", null)</script><script>window.__reactRouterContext = {"basename":"/","future":{"unstable_optimizeDeps":false},"isSpaMode":false};window.__reactRouterContext.stream = new ReadableStream({start(controller){window.__reactRouterContext.streamController = controller;}}).pipeThrough(new TextEncoderStream());</script><script type="module" async="">; import * as route0 from "/assets/root-0nf9i4ZF.js"; import * as route1 from "/assets/author._slug-0r0GzF8V.js"; window.__reactRouterManifest = { "entry": { "module": "/assets/entry.client-BeFAP2ww.js", "imports": [ "/assets/chunk-K6AXKMTT-CHYA7xuV.js", "/assets/index-BSbs-5XW.js" ], "css": [] }, "routes": { "root": { "id": "root", "path": "", "hasAction": false, "hasLoader": true, "hasClientAction": false, "hasClientLoader": false, "hasErrorBoundary": true, "module": "/assets/root-0nf9i4ZF.js", "imports": [ "/assets/chunk-K6AXKMTT-CHYA7xuV.js", "/assets/index-BSbs-5XW.js", "/assets/with-props-CEmjks6P.js", "/assets/gtm-Bhg5v0kK.js", "/assets/contentPreview-DVkUqnQw.js", "/assets/_-Bs3SyN-5.js", "/assets/useArticleProps-D_xn1SoH.js", "/assets/provider-D8hGPYap.js", "/assets/newsletterSignupPromo-DBM_Buya.js", "/assets/socialShare-BetaF3nk.js", "/assets/link-B0EXaXnQ.js", "/assets/button-2u7YveIz.js", "/assets/util-CdNciH7h.js", "/assets/searchBar-Cv2Svi5s.js", "/assets/useSearchBar-B7n_81gh.js", "/assets/navigation-DNYtFoxY.js", "/assets/redirection-CcR_QTDp.js", "/assets/meta-hUHi7WZc.js", "/assets/form-B6K9BB4H.js" ], "css": [] }, "routes/author.$slug": { "id": "routes/author.$slug", "parentId": "root", "path": "author/:slug", "hasAction": false, "hasLoader": true, "hasClientAction": false, "hasClientLoader": false, "hasErrorBoundary": true, "module": "/assets/author._slug-0r0GzF8V.js", "imports": [ "/assets/with-props-CEmjks6P.js", "/assets/chunk-K6AXKMTT-CHYA7xuV.js", "/assets/_-Bs3SyN-5.js", "/assets/gtm-Bhg5v0kK.js", "/assets/breadcrumb-BHlyGeYe.js", "/assets/contributorSummary-ghBBFOgh.js", "/assets/socialShare-BetaF3nk.js", "/assets/useArticleProps-D_xn1SoH.js", "/assets/listContent-BhVLgC1k.js", "/assets/useWeatherWidget-AaEchakd.js", "/assets/meta-hUHi7WZc.js", "/assets/link-B0EXaXnQ.js", "/assets/button-2u7YveIz.js", "/assets/contentPreview-DVkUqnQw.js", "/assets/utils-Bn24zYNJ.js", "/assets/gridLayout-D3d3Sywd.js", "/assets/pagination-NR_kC-LV.js", "/assets/commodityPrices-DJr8VhOL.js", "/assets/newsletterSignupPromo-DBM_Buya.js", "/assets/sidebar-BprMrwM7.js", "/assets/weatherWidget-DeWCQLwf.js", "/assets/changeLocationBar-6QWG9j8W.js", "/assets/form-B6K9BB4H.js", "/assets/contentCards-DmwKmMha.js", "/assets/videoPlaylist-D52CwHbx.js", "/assets/contentDomain.generated-DIEwSG95.js", "/assets/toNumber-C_nKo9iw.js", "/assets/index-BSbs-5XW.js", "/assets/_getPrototype-C_MHsswr.js", "/assets/useStorage-C29fdY0K.js" ], "css": [] }, "routes/_index": { "id": "routes/_index", "parentId": "root", "index": true, "hasAction": false, "hasLoader": true, "hasClientAction": false, "hasClientLoader": false, "hasErrorBoundary": true, "module": "/assets/_index-CoPJClXM.js", "imports": [ "/assets/with-props-CEmjks6P.js", "/assets/chunk-K6AXKMTT-CHYA7xuV.js", "/assets/_-Bs3SyN-5.js", "/assets/gtm-Bhg5v0kK.js", "/assets/useArticleProps-D_xn1SoH.js", "/assets/moduleSection-DZMf1oOm.js", "/assets/contentDomain.generated-DIEwSG95.js", "/assets/useStorage-C29fdY0K.js", "/assets/meta-hUHi7WZc.js", "/assets/link-B0EXaXnQ.js", "/assets/contentCards-DmwKmMha.js", "/assets/contentPreview-DVkUqnQw.js", "/assets/weatherHomepage-BntP8sZT.js", "/assets/button-2u7YveIz.js", "/assets/socialShare-BetaF3nk.js", "/assets/index-BC9RXr3m.js", "/assets/weatherWidget-DeWCQLwf.js", "/assets/changeLocationBar-6QWG9j8W.js", "/assets/form-B6K9BB4H.js", "/assets/commodityPrices-DJr8VhOL.js", "/assets/videoPlaylist-D52CwHbx.js", "/assets/toNumber-C_nKo9iw.js", "/assets/newsletterSignupPromo-DBM_Buya.js", "/assets/resources-Coo4SamE.js" ], "css": [] }, "routes/$topic._index": { "id": "routes/$topic._index", "parentId": "root", "path": ":topic", "index": true, "hasAction": false, "hasLoader": true, "hasClientAction": false, "hasClientLoader": false, "hasErrorBoundary": true, "module": "/assets/_topic._index-B2MiV88j.js", "imports": [ "/assets/with-props-CEmjks6P.js", "/assets/chunk-K6AXKMTT-CHYA7xuV.js", "/assets/_-Bs3SyN-5.js", "/assets/gtm-Bhg5v0kK.js", "/assets/useArticleProps-D_xn1SoH.js", "/assets/breadcrumb-BHlyGeYe.js", "/assets/categoryHeader-DbrwhZD_.js", "/assets/listContent-BhVLgC1k.js", "/assets/searchBar-Cv2Svi5s.js", "/assets/useSearchBar-B7n_81gh.js", "/assets/newsletterSignupPromo-DBM_Buya.js", "/assets/contentPreview-DVkUqnQw.js", "/assets/utils-Bn24zYNJ.js", "/assets/pagination-NR_kC-LV.js", "/assets/button-2u7YveIz.js", "/assets/filterSection-KwJMcK7T.js", "/assets/topicList-B2L7lhBz.js", "/assets/gridLayout-D3d3Sywd.js", "/assets/featureImageHeader-CE79lnbb.js", "/assets/moduleSection-DZMf1oOm.js", "/assets/articleMultiSection-De9Hc8He.js", "/assets/provider-D8hGPYap.js", "/assets/string-BS_NwYxO.js", "/assets/meta-hUHi7WZc.js", "/assets/useWeatherWidget-AaEchakd.js", "/assets/link-B0EXaXnQ.js", "/assets/commodityPrices-DJr8VhOL.js", "/assets/sidebar-BprMrwM7.js", "/assets/weatherWidget-DeWCQLwf.js", "/assets/changeLocationBar-6QWG9j8W.js", "/assets/form-B6K9BB4H.js", "/assets/contentCards-DmwKmMha.js", "/assets/videoPlaylist-D52CwHbx.js", "/assets/contentDomain.generated-DIEwSG95.js", "/assets/toNumber-C_nKo9iw.js", "/assets/index-BSbs-5XW.js", "/assets/_getPrototype-C_MHsswr.js", "/assets/util-CdNciH7h.js", "/assets/input-CKmWmkxG.js", "/assets/_baseForOwn-0Onmi9tN.js", "/assets/index-BC9RXr3m.js", "/assets/socialShare-BetaF3nk.js", "/assets/weatherHomepage-BntP8sZT.js", "/assets/resources-Coo4SamE.js", "/assets/contributorSummary-ghBBFOgh.js", "/assets/programHeader-23RTsuDj.js", "/assets/redirection-CcR_QTDp.js", "/assets/useStorage-C29fdY0K.js" ], "css": [] } }, "url": "/assets/manifest-ab19614f.js", "version": "ab19614f" }; window.__reactRouterRouteModules = {"root":route0,"routes/author.$slug":route1}; import("/assets/entry.client-BeFAP2ww.js");</script><template id="B:0"></template><div hidden id="S:0"><script>window.__reactRouterContext.streamController.enqueue("[{\"_1\":2,\"_1345\":-5,\"_1346\":-5},\"loaderData\",{\"_3\":4,\"_906\":907},\"root\",{\"_5\":6,\"_7\":8,\"_9\":10,\"_11\":12,\"_13\":14,\"_15\":16,\"_28\":29,\"_35\":-7,\"_36\":24,\"_37\":38,\"_41\":-7,\"_42\":43,\"_48\":-7,\"_49\":50,\"_61\":62,\"_63\":64,\"_81\":82,\"_782\":783,\"_784\":-7,\"_785\":786,\"_799\":800,\"_829\":830},\"href\",\"http://www.bioprocessintl.com/author/robert-brackner\",\"brand\",\"bioprocessinternational\",\"domainUrl\",\"https://www.bioprocessintl.com\",\"authenticationStatus\",\"anonymous\",\"siteName\",\"BioProcess International\",\"ads\",{\"_17\":18,\"_19\":20,\"_21\":22,\"_23\":24,\"_25\":26,\"_27\":26},\"networkId\",2441,\"parentAdUnit\",\"bioprocessintl.home\",\"enabledAds\",\"all\",\"checkClientIP\",false,\"disableSponsorBar\",true,\"welcAdOff\",\"authConfig\",{\"_30\":26,\"_31\":32,\"_33\":-7,\"_34\":24},\"enabled\",\"authenticationConfigId\",\"a4a245652cad256461fe5c2eeb8ad5e0\",\"standaloneRegistrationPage\",\"disableCaptcha\",\"vwo\",\"isDctsTurnOn\",\"oneTrust\",{\"_39\":40},\"siteId\",\"c0c70deb-8acc-4a4e-901a-bb865dd8f587\",\"cookieBanner\",\"gtmIds\",{\"_44\":45,\"_46\":47},\"primary\",\"GTM-N49ZKQB\",\"secondary\",\"GTM-NNQFN78H\",\"pageContent\",\"ui\",{\"_7\":8,\"_51\":52,\"_53\":54},\"theme\",\"theme1\",\"font\",{\"_44\":55,\"_46\":60},{\"_56\":57,\"_58\":59},\"name\",\"Open Sans\",\"url\",\"https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Open+Sans:ital,wght@0,300;0,400;0,500;0,600;0,700;0,800;1,300;1,400;1,500;1,600;1,700;1,800\u0026display=swap\",{\"_56\":57,\"_58\":59},\"environment\",\"prod\",\"featureToggles\",{\"_65\":24,\"_66\":26,\"_67\":26,\"_68\":26,\"_69\":24,\"_70\":26,\"_71\":24,\"_72\":24,\"_73\":24,\"_74\":24,\"_75\":76,\"_77\":24,\"_78\":24,\"_79\":26,\"_80\":26},\"elnNewsletter\",\"elnWithoutNewsletter\",\"iirisAuthentication\",\"subBrand\",\"useSettingsRedirectAPIVersion1\",\"gatingEnabled\",\"iirisRecommendationDisabled\",\"iasPetEnabled\",\"bridgedMediaEnabled\",\"ecommerceEnabled\",\"iirisRecommendationVer\",\"version4\",\"weather3MonthForecastEnabled\",\"legacyHomepage\",\"oneTrustEnabled\",\"transcendEnabled\",\"layout\",{\"_83\":84,\"_95\":96,\"_119\":120,\"_549\":550,\"_682\":683,\"_688\":689,\"_780\":26,\"_781\":24},\"socialLinks\",[85,89,92],{\"_86\":87,\"_58\":88},\"type\",\"Linkedin\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/bioprocess-international/\",{\"_86\":90,\"_58\":91},\"Twitter\",\"https://twitter.com/bioprocessintl\",{\"_86\":93,\"_58\":94},\"Youtube\",\"https://www.youtube.com/@bioprocessinternational2391\",\"informaBar\",{\"_30\":26,\"_97\":98,\"_116\":117},\"leftSection\",{\"_99\":100,\"_101\":102},\"description\",\"BioProcess International is part of the Informa Connect Division of Informa PLC\",\"subMenu\",[103,107,110,113],{\"_104\":105,\"_58\":106},\"title\",\"Informa PLC\",\"https://www.informa.com/\",{\"_104\":108,\"_58\":109},\"ABOUT US\",\"https://www.informa.com/about-us/\",{\"_104\":111,\"_58\":112},\"INVESTOR RELATIONS\",\"https://www.informa.com/investors/\",{\"_104\":114,\"_58\":115},\"TALENT\",\"https://www.informa.com/talent/\",\"rightSection\",{\"_99\":118},\"This site is operated by a business or businesses owned by Informa PLC and all copyright resides with them. Informa PLC's registered office is 5 Howick Place, London SW1P 1WG. Registered in England and Wales. Number 8860726.\",\"nav\",{\"_121\":122,\"_535\":536},\"mainMenuItems\",[123,217,265,335,387,423,484],{\"_104\":124,\"_58\":125,\"_126\":127,\"_128\":125,\"_129\":26,\"_101\":130,\"_149\":150},\"Upstream\",\"/upstream-processing\",\"seeAllLink\",\"See all\",\"seeAllLinkUrl\",\"hasSubMenu\",[131,134,137,140,143,146],{\"_104\":132,\"_58\":133},\"Bioreactors\",\"/upstream-processing/bioreactors\",{\"_104\":135,\"_58\":136},\"Biochemicals/Raw Materials\",\"/upstream-processing/biochemicals-raw-materials\",{\"_104\":138,\"_58\":139},\"Cell Culture Media\",\"/upstream-processing/cell-culture-media\",{\"_104\":141,\"_58\":142},\"Expression Platforms\",\"/upstream-processing/expression-platforms\",{\"_104\":144,\"_58\":145},\"Microbial Cell Culture\",\"/upstream-processing/microbial-cell-culture\",{\"_104\":147,\"_58\":148},\"Perfusion Cell Culture\",\"/upstream-processing/perfusion-cell-culture\",\"recentContents\",[151,208],{\"_152\":153,\"_158\":159,\"_160\":159,\"_161\":162,\"_163\":164,\"_165\":166,\"_167\":168,\"_169\":162,\"_170\":135,\"_171\":136,\"_172\":173,\"_174\":175,\"_202\":203,\"_204\":205,\"_206\":207},\"thumbnail\",{\"_154\":155,\"_156\":157},\"src\",\"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/bltc589a84e0667e567/67a27f673ad81b7c44f55fd1/23-1-2-Muralidharan-F1.jpg\",\"alt\",\"Comprehensive risk assessment framework\",\"articleName\",\"Buffer and Solution Mixing-Time Validation: A Risk-Assessment Framework for Analysts Using Matrix and Bracketing Approaches\",\"mobileHeadline\",\"articleSummary\",\"\",\"articleUrl\",\"/biochemicals-raw-materials/buffer-and-solution-mixing-time-validation-a-risk-assessment-framework-for-analysts-using-matrix-and-bracketing-approaches\",\"listPageUrl\",\"/journals\",\"date\",\"Jan 29, 2025\",\"webinarStartTime\",\"categoryName\",\"categoryUrl\",\"contentType\",\"Article\",\"contributors\",[176,181,184,187,190,193,196,199],{\"_56\":177,\"_178\":179,\"_180\":162},\"Naveenganesh Muralidharan\",\"link\",\"/author/naveenganesh-muralidharan\",\"avatar\",{\"_56\":182,\"_178\":183,\"_180\":162},\"Leya S. Rose\",\"/author/leya-s-rose\",{\"_56\":185,\"_178\":186,\"_180\":162},\"Tyler Younger\",\"/author/tyler-younger\",{\"_56\":188,\"_178\":189,\"_180\":162},\"Grace Chan\",\"/author/grace-chan\",{\"_56\":191,\"_178\":192,\"_180\":162},\"Shandilyn Ball\",\"/author/untitled\",{\"_56\":194,\"_178\":195,\"_180\":162},\"Mark Davis\",\"/author/mark-davis\",{\"_56\":197,\"_178\":198,\"_180\":162},\"Emma Bolduc\",\"/author/emma-bolduc\",{\"_56\":200,\"_178\":201,\"_180\":162},\"Alexander Elkin\",\"/author/alexander-elkin\",\"timeRead\",0,\"variant\",\"card-vertical\",\"layoutVariant\",\"vertical\",{\"_152\":209,\"_158\":211,\"_160\":211,\"_161\":162,\"_163\":212,\"_165\":166,\"_167\":168,\"_169\":162,\"_170\":132,\"_171\":133,\"_172\":173,\"_174\":213,\"_202\":203,\"_204\":205,\"_206\":207},{\"_154\":210,\"_156\":162},\"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/bltf87c53dcd95cf5e8/67a2709e17cb41875b500115/23-1-2-Chaudhry-P1b.jpg\",\"Lessons in Bioreactor Scale-Up, Part 5: Theoretical and Empirical Correlations for Predicting the Mass-Transfer Coefficient in Stirred-Tank Bioreactors\",\"/bioreactors/lessons-in-bioreactor-scale-up-part-5-theoretical-and-empirical-correlations-for-predicting-the-mass-transfer-coefficient-in-stirred-tank-bioreactors\",[214],{\"_56\":215,\"_178\":216,\"_180\":162},\"Muhammad Arshad Chaudhry\",\"/author/muhammad-arshad-chaudhry\",{\"_104\":218,\"_58\":219,\"_126\":127,\"_128\":219,\"_129\":26,\"_101\":220,\"_149\":233},\"Downstream\",\"/downstream-processing\",[221,224,227,230],{\"_104\":222,\"_58\":223},\"Chromatography\",\"/downstream-processing/chromatography\",{\"_104\":225,\"_58\":226},\"Filtration\",\"/downstream-processing/filtration\",{\"_104\":228,\"_58\":229},\"Separation/Purification\",\"/downstream-processing/separation-purification\",{\"_104\":231,\"_58\":232},\"Viral Clearance\",\"/downstream-processing/viral-clearance\",[234,251],{\"_152\":235,\"_158\":238,\"_160\":238,\"_161\":162,\"_163\":239,\"_165\":240,\"_167\":241,\"_169\":242,\"_170\":243,\"_171\":244,\"_172\":245,\"_174\":246,\"_202\":250,\"_204\":205,\"_206\":207},{\"_154\":236,\"_156\":237},\"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blt5691068cc5ce2569/679926933480ae3dafc1b9c4/01-28-2025-Bio-Rad-ATE-slide1.jpg\",\"Bio-Rad BPI Ask the Expert Webcast\",\"Demonstrating a Modular Selectivity With a Weak AEX-HIC Resin for Achieving High mAb Purity and Recovery in a Downstream Process\",\"/sponsored-content/demonstrating-a-modular-selectivity-with-a-weak-aex-hic-resin-for-achieving-high-mab-purity-and-recovery-in-a-downstream-process\",\"/webinars\",\"Jan 28, 2025\",\"8:00 am PST\",\"Sponsored Content\",\"/sponsored-content\",\"Webinar\",[247],{\"_56\":248,\"_178\":249,\"_180\":162},\"BPI Contributor\",\"/author/bpi-contributor\",15,{\"_152\":252,\"_158\":255,\"_160\":255,\"_161\":162,\"_163\":256,\"_165\":166,\"_167\":257,\"_169\":162,\"_170\":243,\"_171\":244,\"_172\":173,\"_174\":258,\"_202\":203,\"_204\":205,\"_206\":207},{\"_154\":253,\"_156\":254},\"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blt8caf0437044d9bb7/67576744c003e965530d6724/22-11-12-CR-Nagase-Cover-Wide.png\",\"Nagase special report\",\"Advanced Saccharide Solutions in Biopharmaceutical Development: Paving the Way for Product Stability and Environmental Sustainability\",\"/sponsored-content/advanced-saccharide-solutions-in-biopharmaceutical-development-paving-the-way-for-product-stability-and-environmental-sustainability\",\"Dec 9, 2024\",[259,261,263],{\"_56\":260,\"_178\":192,\"_180\":162},\"Yosuke Shimojo\",{\"_56\":262,\"_178\":192,\"_180\":162},\"Toshio Ariyasu\",{\"_56\":264,\"_178\":192,\"_180\":162},\"Kotaro Hashimoto\",{\"_104\":266,\"_58\":267,\"_126\":127,\"_128\":267,\"_129\":26,\"_101\":268,\"_149\":302},\"Manufacturing\",\"/manufacturing\",[269,272,275,278,281,284,287,290,293,296,299],{\"_104\":270,\"_58\":271},\"Biosimilars\",\"/manufacturing/biosimilars\",{\"_104\":273,\"_58\":274},\"Continuous Bioprocessing\",\"/manufacturing/continuous-bioprocessing\",{\"_104\":276,\"_58\":277},\"Facility Design/Engineering\",\"/manufacturing/facility-design-engineering\",{\"_104\":279,\"_58\":280},\"Formulation\",\"/manufacturing/formulation\",{\"_104\":282,\"_58\":283},\"Single Use\",\"/manufacturing/single-use\",{\"_104\":285,\"_58\":286},\"Fill/Finish\",\"/manufacturing/fill-finish\",{\"_104\":288,\"_58\":289},\"Information Technology\",\"/manufacturing/information-technology\",{\"_104\":291,\"_58\":292},\"Process Monitoring and Controls\",\"/manufacturing/process-monitoring-and-controls\",{\"_104\":294,\"_58\":295},\"Supply Chain\",\"/manufacturing/supply-chain\",{\"_104\":297,\"_58\":298},\"Validation\",\"/manufacturing/validation\",{\"_104\":300,\"_58\":301},\"CMC Forums\",\"/manufacturing/cmc-forums\",[303,324],{\"_152\":304,\"_158\":307,\"_160\":307,\"_161\":162,\"_163\":308,\"_165\":166,\"_167\":168,\"_169\":162,\"_170\":309,\"_171\":310,\"_172\":173,\"_174\":311,\"_202\":203,\"_204\":205,\"_206\":207},{\"_154\":305,\"_156\":306},\"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blt96e9b438bad36d62/66edaf1d1611d7bb09409348/elucidation-site.png\",\"elucidation\",\"A Key Talent and Expertise Required for Continuous Versus Batch Biomanufacturing\",\"/careers-training/a-key-talent-and-expertise-required-for-continuous-versus-batch-biomanufacturing\",\"Careers \u0026 Training\",\"/business/careers-training\",[312,315,318,321],{\"_56\":313,\"_178\":314,\"_180\":162},\"Jason Beckwith\",\"/author/jason-beckwith\",{\"_56\":316,\"_178\":317,\"_180\":162},\"William Nixon\",\"/author/william-nixon\",{\"_56\":319,\"_178\":320,\"_180\":162},\"Stephen Goldrick\",\"/author/stephen-goldrick\",{\"_56\":322,\"_178\":323,\"_180\":162},\"Stavros Kourtzidis\",\"/author/stavros-kourtzidis\",{\"_152\":325,\"_158\":159,\"_160\":159,\"_161\":162,\"_163\":164,\"_165\":166,\"_167\":168,\"_169\":162,\"_170\":135,\"_171\":136,\"_172\":173,\"_174\":326,\"_202\":203,\"_204\":205,\"_206\":207},{\"_154\":155,\"_156\":157},[327,328,329,330,331,332,333,334],{\"_56\":177,\"_178\":179,\"_180\":162},{\"_56\":182,\"_178\":183,\"_180\":162},{\"_56\":185,\"_178\":186,\"_180\":162},{\"_56\":188,\"_178\":189,\"_180\":162},{\"_56\":191,\"_178\":192,\"_180\":162},{\"_56\":194,\"_178\":195,\"_180\":162},{\"_56\":197,\"_178\":198,\"_180\":162},{\"_56\":200,\"_178\":201,\"_180\":162},{\"_104\":336,\"_58\":337,\"_126\":127,\"_128\":337,\"_129\":26,\"_101\":338,\"_149\":363},\"Analytical\",\"/analytical\",[339,342,345,348,351,354,357,360],{\"_104\":340,\"_58\":341},\"QA/QC\",\"/analytical/qa-qc\",{\"_104\":343,\"_58\":344},\"Cell Line Development\",\"/analytical/cell-line-development\",{\"_104\":346,\"_58\":347},\"PAT\",\"/analytical/pat\",{\"_104\":349,\"_58\":350},\"Product Characterization\",\"/analytical/product-characterization\",{\"_104\":352,\"_58\":353},\"Bioanalytical Methods\",\"/analytical/bioanalytical-methods\",{\"_104\":355,\"_58\":356},\"Process Development\",\"/analytical/process-development\",{\"_104\":358,\"_58\":359},\"Assays\",\"/analytical/assays\",{\"_104\":361,\"_58\":362},\"Laboratory Equipment\",\"/analytical/laboratory-equipment\",[364,375],{\"_152\":365,\"_158\":368,\"_160\":368,\"_161\":162,\"_163\":369,\"_165\":166,\"_167\":370,\"_169\":162,\"_170\":243,\"_171\":244,\"_172\":173,\"_174\":371,\"_202\":203,\"_204\":205,\"_206\":207},{\"_154\":366,\"_156\":367},\"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blt050242f32e38f84a/6799399daa5c412466ae37b9/23-1-2-CR-Avid-Cover-Wide.png\",\"Avid Bioservices BPI special report\",\"Optimizing Production and Accelerating the Timeline from Cell Line Development to CGMP Production\",\"/sponsored-content/optimizing-production-and-accelerating-the-timeline-from-cell-line-development-to-cgmp-production\",\"Feb 5, 2025\",[372],{\"_56\":373,\"_178\":374,\"_180\":162},\"Pramthesh Patel\",\"/author/pramthesh-patel\",{\"_152\":376,\"_158\":379,\"_160\":379,\"_161\":162,\"_163\":380,\"_165\":166,\"_167\":168,\"_169\":162,\"_170\":381,\"_171\":382,\"_172\":173,\"_174\":383,\"_202\":203,\"_204\":205,\"_206\":207},{\"_154\":377,\"_156\":378},\"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blt631504c583a85566/67a2842e3fe1991feaf13b3a/23-1-2-Nogal-F1.jpg\",\"Example upstream cell-culture process\",\"Technology Transfer for Outsourced Programs: Highlighting Upstream Considerations\",\"/contract-services/technology-transfer-for-outsourced-programs-highlighting-upstream-considerations\",\"Contract Services\",\"/business/contract-services\",[384],{\"_56\":385,\"_178\":386,\"_180\":162},\"Nikki Nogal\",\"/author/nikki-nogal\",{\"_104\":388,\"_58\":389,\"_126\":127,\"_128\":389,\"_129\":26,\"_101\":390,\"_149\":411},\"Business\",\"/business\",[391,394,395,396,399,402,405,408],{\"_104\":392,\"_58\":393},\"Bioregions\",\"/business/bioregions\",{\"_104\":309,\"_58\":310},{\"_104\":381,\"_58\":382},{\"_104\":397,\"_58\":398},\"Economics\",\"/business/economics\",{\"_104\":400,\"_58\":401},\"Pre-Clinical \u0026 Clinical Trials\",\"/business/pre-clinical-and-clinical-trials\",{\"_104\":403,\"_58\":404},\"Risk Management\",\"/business/risk-management\",{\"_104\":406,\"_58\":407},\"Intellectual Property\",\"/business/intellectual-property\",{\"_104\":409,\"_58\":410},\"Regulatory Affairs\",\"/business/regulatory-affairs\",[412,419],{\"_152\":413,\"_158\":307,\"_160\":307,\"_161\":162,\"_163\":308,\"_165\":166,\"_167\":168,\"_169\":162,\"_170\":309,\"_171\":310,\"_172\":173,\"_174\":414,\"_202\":203,\"_204\":205,\"_206\":207},{\"_154\":305,\"_156\":306},[415,416,417,418],{\"_56\":313,\"_178\":314,\"_180\":162},{\"_56\":316,\"_178\":317,\"_180\":162},{\"_56\":319,\"_178\":320,\"_180\":162},{\"_56\":322,\"_178\":323,\"_180\":162},{\"_152\":420,\"_158\":379,\"_160\":379,\"_161\":162,\"_163\":380,\"_165\":166,\"_167\":168,\"_169\":162,\"_170\":381,\"_171\":382,\"_172\":173,\"_174\":421,\"_202\":203,\"_204\":205,\"_206\":207},{\"_154\":377,\"_156\":378},[422],{\"_56\":385,\"_178\":386,\"_180\":162},{\"_104\":424,\"_58\":425,\"_126\":127,\"_128\":425,\"_129\":26,\"_101\":426,\"_149\":448},\"Therapeutic Modalities\",\"/therapeutic-modalities\",[427,430,433,436,439,442,445],{\"_104\":428,\"_58\":429},\"Cell Therapies\",\"/therapeutic-modalities/cell-therapies\",{\"_104\":431,\"_58\":432},\"Emerging Therapeutics\",\"/therapeutic-modalities/emerging-therapeutics-manufacturing\",{\"_104\":434,\"_58\":435},\"Gene Therapies\",\"/therapeutic-modalities/gene-therapies\",{\"_104\":437,\"_58\":438},\"Large Molecule Development\",\"/therapeutic-modalities/large-molecule-development\",{\"_104\":440,\"_58\":441},\"MAb\",\"/therapeutic-modalities/monoclonal-antibodies\",{\"_104\":443,\"_58\":444},\"Personalized Medicine\",\"/therapeutic-modalities/personalized-medicine\",{\"_104\":446,\"_58\":447},\"Vaccines\",\"/therapeutic-modalities/vaccines\",[449,458],{\"_152\":450,\"_158\":453,\"_160\":453,\"_161\":162,\"_163\":454,\"_165\":166,\"_167\":168,\"_169\":162,\"_170\":431,\"_171\":432,\"_172\":173,\"_174\":455,\"_202\":203,\"_204\":205,\"_206\":207},{\"_154\":451,\"_156\":452},\"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blt2d6de52f5065e350/67a256083fa7de6cf9750602/23-1-2-Gunn-Image2.jpg\",\"scientists on greenhouse\",\"Recombinant Human Collagen: Plant-Based Production Addresses Growing Demand for a Vegan Option\",\"/emerging-therapeutics-manufacturing/recombinant-human-collagen-plant-based-production-addresses-growing-demand-for-a-vegan-option\",[456],{\"_56\":457,\"_178\":192,\"_180\":162},\"Barry Gunn\",{\"_152\":459,\"_158\":462,\"_160\":462,\"_161\":162,\"_163\":463,\"_165\":166,\"_167\":464,\"_169\":162,\"_170\":243,\"_171\":432,\"_172\":173,\"_174\":465,\"_202\":203,\"_204\":205,\"_206\":207},{\"_154\":460,\"_156\":461},\"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/bltaf4fcc824b31437a/6793d5ce7177b128b6dc8b07/23-1-eBook-ADCs-Cover-Wide.png\",\"Antibody-Drug Conjugate eBook\",\"eBook: Antibody-Drug Conjugates — A Technology Update\",\"/emerging-therapeutics-manufacturing/ebook-antibody-drug-conjugates-a-technology-update\",\"Jan 24, 2025\",[466,470,474,477,479,482],{\"_56\":467,\"_178\":468,\"_180\":469},\"Shreeyashi Ojha\",\"/author/shreeyashi-ojha\",\"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blt5d8ef43197543248/65b29446e8ba49040ad8e30e/WhatsApp_Image_2024-01-25_at_4.56.19_PM.jpeg\",{\"_56\":471,\"_178\":472,\"_180\":473},\"Josh Abbott\",\"/author/josh-abbott\",\"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blt29e23dbf14e04f37/671125d8ae0aeeb6c7fa3d24/head1.jpg\",{\"_56\":475,\"_178\":476,\"_180\":162},\"Cheryl Scott\",\"/author/cheryl-scott\",{\"_56\":478,\"_178\":192,\"_180\":162},\"William Sanders\",{\"_56\":480,\"_178\":481,\"_180\":162},\"Brian Gazaille\",\"/author/brian-gazaille\",{\"_56\":483,\"_178\":192,\"_180\":162},\"Robert Petit\",{\"_104\":485,\"_58\":486,\"_126\":127,\"_128\":486,\"_129\":26,\"_101\":487,\"_149\":512},\"BioProcess Insider\",\"/bioprocess-insider\",[488,491,494,497,500,503,506,509],{\"_104\":489,\"_58\":490},\"Deal-Making\",\"bioprocess-insider/deal-making\",{\"_104\":492,\"_58\":493},\"Facilities \u0026 Capacity\",\"/bioprocess-insider/facilities-capacity\",{\"_104\":495,\"_58\":496},\"Global Markets\",\"/bioprocess-insider/global-markets\",{\"_104\":498,\"_58\":499},\"Regulations\",\"/bioprocess-insider/regulations\",{\"_104\":501,\"_58\":502},\"Therapeutic Class\",\"/bioprocess-insider/therapeutic-class\",{\"_104\":504,\"_58\":505},\"Upstream \u0026 Downstream Processing\",\"/bioprocess-insider/upstream-downstream-processing\",{\"_104\":507,\"_58\":508},\"Webcasts\",\"/bioprocess-insider/webcasts\",{\"_104\":510,\"_58\":511},\"BioProcess Insider Podcasts\",\"/bioprocess-insider/bpi-podcasts\",[513,526],{\"_152\":514,\"_158\":517,\"_160\":517,\"_161\":518,\"_163\":519,\"_165\":162,\"_167\":520,\"_169\":162,\"_170\":504,\"_171\":505,\"_172\":173,\"_174\":521,\"_202\":525,\"_204\":205,\"_206\":207},{\"_154\":515,\"_156\":516},\"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blt5a781566e909408f/67afd0cf0f4cf5e45c094bde/clover.jpg\",\"An image of a four-leaf clover\",\"Lilly goes hybrid to drive Kisunla productivity\",\"Eli Lilly will embrace hybrid manufacturing – combining continuous and batch operations – at its next-generation biologics facility in Limerick, Ireland. \",\"/upstream-downstream-processing/lilly-goes-hybrid-to-drive-kisunla-productivity\",\"Feb 14, 2025\",[522],{\"_56\":523,\"_178\":524,\"_180\":162},\"Gareth Macdonald\",\"/author/gareth-macdonald\",2,{\"_152\":527,\"_158\":530,\"_160\":530,\"_161\":531,\"_163\":532,\"_165\":162,\"_167\":520,\"_169\":162,\"_170\":492,\"_171\":493,\"_172\":173,\"_174\":533,\"_202\":525,\"_204\":205,\"_206\":207},{\"_154\":528,\"_156\":529},\"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/bltb98041441f0af9a4/67afbd630c3d28bfc6a22e0a/vaccine.jpg\",\"A woman in a lab coat holds a vaccine vial.\",\"Moderna slashes manufacturing costs amid declining sales\",\"During its Q4 earnings call, vaccine maker Moderna outlined its implemented cost-cutting measures to meet decreased vaccine demand.\",\"/facilities-capacity/moderna-slashes-manufacturing-costs-amid-declining-sales\",[534],{\"_56\":471,\"_178\":472,\"_180\":473},\"secondaryMenu\",[537,540,543,546],{\"_104\":538,\"_58\":539},\"BPI Events\",\"https://informaconnect.com/bioprocess-international-events/?utm_source=bpi-publication\u0026utm_medium=top-menu\",{\"_104\":541,\"_58\":542},\"About\",\"/about\",{\"_104\":544,\"_58\":545},\"Subscribe\",\"https://magazine.bioprocessintl.com/?pk=WEBS23B\",{\"_104\":547,\"_58\":548},\"Contribute\",\"/contribute\",\"megaMenu\",{\"_551\":552,\"_619\":620,\"_680\":681},\"largeMenu\",[553,561,567,580,590,600,609],{\"_104\":124,\"_58\":125,\"_101\":554,\"_126\":127,\"_128\":125},[555,556,557,558,559,560],{\"_104\":132,\"_58\":133},{\"_104\":135,\"_58\":136},{\"_104\":138,\"_58\":139},{\"_104\":141,\"_58\":142},{\"_104\":144,\"_58\":145},{\"_104\":147,\"_58\":148},{\"_104\":218,\"_58\":219,\"_101\":562,\"_126\":127,\"_128\":219},[563,564,565,566],{\"_104\":222,\"_58\":223},{\"_104\":225,\"_58\":226},{\"_104\":228,\"_58\":229},{\"_104\":231,\"_58\":232},{\"_104\":266,\"_58\":267,\"_101\":568,\"_126\":127,\"_128\":267},[569,570,571,572,573,574,575,576,577,578,579],{\"_104\":270,\"_58\":271},{\"_104\":273,\"_58\":274},{\"_104\":276,\"_58\":277},{\"_104\":279,\"_58\":280},{\"_104\":282,\"_58\":283},{\"_104\":285,\"_58\":286},{\"_104\":288,\"_58\":289},{\"_104\":291,\"_58\":292},{\"_104\":294,\"_58\":295},{\"_104\":297,\"_58\":298},{\"_104\":300,\"_58\":301},{\"_104\":336,\"_58\":337,\"_101\":581,\"_126\":127,\"_128\":337},[582,583,584,585,586,587,588,589],{\"_104\":340,\"_58\":341},{\"_104\":343,\"_58\":344},{\"_104\":346,\"_58\":347},{\"_104\":349,\"_58\":350},{\"_104\":352,\"_58\":353},{\"_104\":355,\"_58\":356},{\"_104\":358,\"_58\":359},{\"_104\":361,\"_58\":362},{\"_104\":388,\"_58\":389,\"_101\":591,\"_126\":127,\"_128\":389},[592,593,594,595,596,597,598,599],{\"_104\":392,\"_58\":393},{\"_104\":309,\"_58\":310},{\"_104\":381,\"_58\":382},{\"_104\":397,\"_58\":398},{\"_104\":400,\"_58\":401},{\"_104\":403,\"_58\":404},{\"_104\":406,\"_58\":407},{\"_104\":409,\"_58\":410},{\"_104\":424,\"_58\":425,\"_101\":601,\"_126\":127,\"_128\":425},[602,603,604,605,606,607,608],{\"_104\":428,\"_58\":429},{\"_104\":431,\"_58\":432},{\"_104\":434,\"_58\":435},{\"_104\":437,\"_58\":438},{\"_104\":440,\"_58\":441},{\"_104\":443,\"_58\":444},{\"_104\":446,\"_58\":447},{\"_104\":485,\"_58\":486,\"_101\":610,\"_126\":127,\"_128\":486},[611,612,613,614,615,616,617,618],{\"_104\":489,\"_58\":490},{\"_104\":492,\"_58\":493},{\"_104\":495,\"_58\":496},{\"_104\":498,\"_58\":499},{\"_104\":501,\"_58\":502},{\"_104\":504,\"_58\":505},{\"_104\":507,\"_58\":508},{\"_104\":510,\"_58\":511},\"smallMenu\",[621,647,671],{\"_104\":622,\"_58\":162,\"_101\":623},\"Resources\",[624,627,630,633,636,638,641,644],{\"_104\":625,\"_58\":626},\"Issue Archive\",\"/publications\",{\"_104\":628,\"_58\":629},\"Featured Reports\",\"/publications/featured-reports\",{\"_104\":631,\"_58\":632},\"eBooks\",\"/publications/ebooks/ebooks\",{\"_104\":634,\"_58\":635},\"Special Reports\",\"/publications/special-reports/special-reports\",{\"_104\":637,\"_58\":240},\"Webinars\",{\"_104\":639,\"_58\":640},\"White Papers\",\"/program/white-papers\",{\"_104\":642,\"_58\":643},\"Videos\",\"/videos\",{\"_104\":645,\"_58\":646},\"Posters\",\"/program/poster-hall\",{\"_104\":648,\"_58\":162,\"_101\":649},\"Events\",[650,653,656,659,662,665,668],{\"_104\":651,\"_58\":652},\"BioProcess International US West\",\"https://informaconnect.com/bpi-west/?vip_code=BPIPUB\u0026utm_source=bpi-publication\u0026utm_medium=web-navigation\",{\"_104\":654,\"_58\":655},\"BioProcess International Asia\",\"https://informaconnect.com/bpi-asia/?vip_code=BPIPUB\u0026utm_source=bpi-publication\u0026utm_medium=web-navigation\",{\"_104\":657,\"_58\":658},\"BioProcess International Europe\",\"https://informaconnect.com/bpieurope/?vip_code=BPIPUB\u0026utm_source=bpi-publication\u0026utm_medium=web-navigation\",{\"_104\":660,\"_58\":661},\"BioProcess International Boston\",\"https://informaconnect.com/bioprocessinternational?vip_code=bpipub\u0026utm_source=bpi-publication\u0026utm_medium=web-menu\",{\"_104\":663,\"_58\":664},\"Cell \u0026 Gene Therapy Intl Boston\",\"https://informaconnect.com/cell-therapy-bioprocessing?vip_code=bpipub\u0026utm_source=bpi-publication\u0026utm_medium=web-menu\",{\"_104\":666,\"_58\":667},\"BioProcess International Academy\",\"https://informaconnect.com/bioprocess-international-events/bioprocess-international-virtual-events/?vip_code=BPIPUB\u0026utm_source=bpi-publication\u0026utm_medium=web-navigation\",{\"_104\":669,\"_58\":670},\"Industry Events\",\"/events\",{\"_104\":672,\"_58\":162,\"_101\":673},\"About BPI\",[674,675,678],{\"_104\":547,\"_58\":548},{\"_104\":676,\"_58\":677},\"Advertise\",\"https://get.informaconnect.com/bpipublication/sponsorship/?utm_source=BioprocessIntl\u0026utm_medium=web\u0026utm_campaign=advertise\",{\"_104\":679,\"_58\":542},\"Contact Us\",\"sideNavSections\",[],\"navBase\",{\"_684\":685},\"logo\",{\"_58\":686,\"_687\":162},\"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blta6717ea597e88ac9/6540ff1e76ec82040a90a249/BPI_-_Logo.svg\",\"altText\",\"footer\",{\"_684\":690,\"_692\":693,\"_752\":753,\"_754\":755},{\"_58\":686,\"_687\":691},\"BioProcess International logo\",\"linkSections\",[694,713,729],{\"_695\":696,\"_104\":711,\"_86\":712},\"links\",[697,703,707],{\"_698\":699,\"_701\":24,\"_104\":702,\"_58\":626},\"image\",{\"_687\":162,\"_58\":700},\"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/bltb5e939f70259682f/6540de06ff10ba040a7e8576/BPI_LOGO_COLOR.png\",\"openInNewTab\",\"BPI Archive\",{\"_698\":704,\"_701\":24,\"_104\":705,\"_58\":706},{\"_687\":162,\"_58\":700},\"BioProcess Insider News\",\"/program/bioprocess-insider\",{\"_698\":708,\"_701\":26,\"_104\":709,\"_58\":710},{\"_687\":162,\"_58\":700},\"Subscribe to BioProcess Insider Newsletter\",\"https://bpi.bioprocessintl.com/bioprocess-insider-subscription\",\"BPI Content\",\"1\",{\"_695\":714,\"_104\":622,\"_86\":712},[715,717,719,721,723,725],{\"_698\":716,\"_701\":24,\"_104\":648,\"_58\":670},{\"_687\":162,\"_58\":700},{\"_698\":718,\"_701\":24,\"_104\":637,\"_58\":240},{\"_687\":162,\"_58\":700},{\"_698\":720,\"_701\":24,\"_104\":639,\"_58\":640},{\"_687\":162,\"_58\":700},{\"_698\":722,\"_701\":24,\"_104\":645,\"_58\":646},{\"_687\":162,\"_58\":700},{\"_698\":724,\"_701\":24,\"_104\":642,\"_58\":643},{\"_687\":162,\"_58\":700},{\"_698\":726,\"_701\":24,\"_104\":727,\"_58\":728},{\"_687\":162,\"_58\":700},\"Podcasts\",\"/podcasts\",{\"_695\":730,\"_104\":672,\"_86\":712},[731,734,738,741,744,748],{\"_698\":732,\"_701\":24,\"_104\":733,\"_58\":542},{\"_687\":162,\"_58\":700},\"Who We Are\",{\"_698\":735,\"_701\":24,\"_104\":736,\"_58\":737},{\"_687\":162,\"_58\":700},\"Editorial Advisors\",\"/editorial-advisors\",{\"_698\":739,\"_701\":24,\"_104\":740,\"_58\":548},{\"_687\":162,\"_58\":700},\"Author Guidelines\",{\"_698\":742,\"_701\":26,\"_104\":743,\"_58\":677},{\"_687\":162,\"_58\":700},\"Advertising/Media Kit\",{\"_698\":745,\"_701\":26,\"_104\":746,\"_58\":747},{\"_687\":162,\"_58\":700},\"List Rental/Reprints\",\"/reprints-and-list-rental\",{\"_698\":749,\"_701\":26,\"_104\":750,\"_58\":751},{\"_687\":162,\"_58\":700},\"Careers\",\"https://informaconnect.com/careers/\",\"brandLinks\",[],\"copyright\",{\"_756\":757,\"_695\":762,\"_104\":779},\"businessUnit\",{\"_58\":758,\"_56\":759,\"_760\":761},\"https://informaconnect.com/\",\"BPI Footer \",\"logoUrl\",\"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blt2d72d571f7fe7a8e/6553ad917b173f040a791328/BTYB_Informa_Connect_Logo_1Line_White_Grad_RGB.png\",[763,767,771,775],{\"_698\":764,\"_701\":24,\"_104\":765,\"_58\":766},{\"_687\":765,\"_58\":766},\"Cookie Policy\",\"/cookie-policy\",{\"_698\":768,\"_701\":26,\"_104\":769,\"_58\":770},{\"_687\":769,\"_58\":770},\"Privacy\",\"https://www.informa.com/privacy-policy/\",{\"_698\":772,\"_701\":26,\"_104\":773,\"_58\":774},{\"_687\":773,\"_58\":774},\"Terms\",\"https://informaconnect.com/terms-of-use/\",{\"_698\":776,\"_701\":26,\"_104\":777,\"_58\":778},{\"_687\":777,\"_58\":778},\"CCPA: Do not sell my personal info\",\"https://privacyportal-eu-cdn.onetrust.com/dsarwebform/c1f53e84-9f05-4169-a854-85052b63c50b/5f26b553-52cc-4973-a761-295d5634a6b6.html\",\" Informa Connect Limited. Registered in England \u0026 Wales with number 01835199, registered office 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.\",\"isSponsorBarEnabled\",\"isPaidContent\",\"newRelicJs\",\"window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.init={distributed_tracing:{enabled:true},privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:[\\\"bam.eu01.nr-data.net\\\"]}};\\n\\n;NREUM.loader_config={accountID:\\\"3936348\\\",trustKey:\\\"3288925\\\",agentID:\\\"538600195\\\",licenseKey:\\\"NRJS-26ae6a3b09493bbcc87\\\",applicationID:\\\"538600195\\\"};\\n;NREUM.info={beacon:\\\"bam.eu01.nr-data.net\\\",errorBeacon:\\\"bam.eu01.nr-data.net\\\",licenseKey:\\\"NRJS-26ae6a3b09493bbcc87\\\",applicationID:\\\"538600195\\\",sa:1};\\n;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-spa-1.281.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */\\n(()=\u003e{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\\\"use strict\\\";r.d(t,{a:()=\u003ei});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||\\\"object\\\"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||\\\"object\\\"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])\u0026\u0026Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):\\\"object\\\"==typeof e[a]\u0026\u0026\\\"object\\\"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\\\"use strict\\\";r.d(t,{Vp:()=\u003ec,fn:()=\u003es,x1:()=\u003eu});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey\u0026\u0026!!t.errorBeacon\u0026\u0026!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error(\\\"All info objects require an agent identifier!\\\");if(!a[e])throw new Error(\\\"Info for \\\".concat(e,\\\" was never set\\\"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(\\\"All info objects require an agent identifier!\\\");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r\u0026\u0026(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\\\"use strict\\\";r.d(t,{D0:()=\u003ep,gD:()=\u003em,xN:()=\u003eg});var n=r(3333),i=r(993);const o=e=\u003e{if(!e||\\\"string\\\"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var a=r(2614),s=r(944),c=r(384),u=r(8122);const d=\\\"[data-nr-mask]\\\",l=()=\u003e{const e={feature_flags:[],experimental:{marks:!1,measures:!1,resources:!1},mask_selector:\\\"*\\\",block_selector:\\\"[data-nr-block]\\\",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,\\\"datetime-local\\\":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},get feature_flags(){return e.feature_flags},set feature_flags(t){e.feature_flags=t},generic_events:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},harvest:{interval:30},jserrors:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0,level:i.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},performance:{get capture_marks(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n.$v.MARKS)||e.experimental.marks},set capture_marks(t){e.experimental.marks=t},get capture_measures(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n.$v.MEASURES)||e.experimental.measures},set capture_measures(t){e.experimental.measures=t},capture_detail:!0,resources:{get enabled(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n.$v.RESOURCES)||e.experimental.resources},set enabled(t){e.experimental.resources=t},asset_types:[],first_party_domains:[],ignore_newrelic:!0}},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:a.wk,inactiveMs:a.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){o(t)?e.mask_selector=\\\"\\\".concat(t,\\\",\\\").concat(d):\\\"\\\"===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=d:(0,s.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return\\\"nr-block\\\"},get ignore_class(){return\\\"nr-ignore\\\"},get mask_text_class(){return\\\"nr-mask\\\"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){o(t)?e.block_selector+=\\\",\\\".concat(t):\\\"\\\"!==t\u0026\u0026(0,s.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t\u0026\u0026\\\"object\\\"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,s.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0,elementAttributes:[\\\"id\\\",\\\"className\\\",\\\"tagName\\\",\\\"type\\\"]}}},f={},h=\\\"All configuration objects require an agent identifier!\\\";function p(e){if(!e)throw new Error(h);if(!f[e])throw new Error(\\\"Configuration for \\\".concat(e,\\\" was never set\\\"));return f[e]}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(h);f[e]=(0,u.a)(t,l());const r=(0,c.nY)(e);r\u0026\u0026(r.init=f[e])}function m(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(h);var r=p(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split(\\\".\\\"),i=0;i\u003cn.length-1;i++)if(\\\"object\\\"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},5603:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\\\"use strict\\\";r.d(t,{a:()=\u003ec,o:()=\u003es});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error(\\\"All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!\\\");if(!a[e])throw new Error(\\\"LoaderConfig for \\\".concat(e,\\\" was never set\\\"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(\\\"All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!\\\");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r\u0026\u0026(r.loader_config=a[e])}},3371:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\\\"use strict\\\";r.d(t,{V:()=\u003ef,f:()=\u003el});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0,harvester:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error(\\\"All runtime objects require an agent identifier!\\\");if(!d[e])throw new Error(\\\"Runtime for \\\".concat(e,\\\" was never set\\\"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(\\\"All runtime objects require an agent identifier!\\\");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],\\\"harvestCount\\\")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],\\\"harvestCount\\\",{get:()=\u003e++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r\u0026\u0026(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\\\"use strict\\\";r.d(t,{F3:()=\u003ei,Xs:()=\u003eo,Yq:()=\u003ea,xv:()=\u003en});const n=\\\"1.281.0\\\",i=\\\"PROD\\\",o=\\\"CDN\\\",a=\\\"^2.0.0-alpha.17\\\"},6154:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\\\"use strict\\\";r.d(t,{A4:()=\u003es,OF:()=\u003ed,RI:()=\u003ei,WN:()=\u003eh,bv:()=\u003eo,gm:()=\u003ea,lR:()=\u003ef,m:()=\u003eu,mw:()=\u003ec,sb:()=\u003el});var n=r(1863);const i=\\\"undefined\\\"!=typeof window\u0026\u0026!!window.document,o=\\\"undefined\\\"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope\u0026\u0026(\\\"undefined\\\"!=typeof self\u0026\u0026self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope\u0026\u0026self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||\\\"undefined\\\"!=typeof globalThis\u0026\u0026globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope\u0026\u0026globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:\\\"undefined\\\"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope\u0026\u0026(\\\"undefined\\\"!=typeof self\u0026\u0026self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope\u0026\u0026self||\\\"undefined\\\"!=typeof globalThis\u0026\u0026globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope\u0026\u0026globalThis),s=\\\"complete\\\"===a?.document?.readyState,c=Boolean(\\\"hidden\\\"===a?.document?.visibilityState),u=\\\"\\\"+a?.location,d=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),l=d\u0026\u0026\\\"undefined\\\"==typeof SharedWorker,f=(()=\u003e{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\\\\s](\\\\d+\\\\.\\\\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)\u0026\u0026e.length\u003e=2?+e[1]:0})(),h=Date.now()-(0,n.t)()},7295:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\\\"use strict\\\";r.d(t,{Xv:()=\u003ea,gX:()=\u003ei,iW:()=\u003eo});var n=[];function i(e){if(!e||o(e))return!1;if(0===n.length)return!0;for(var t=0;t\u003cn.length;t++){var r=n[t];if(\\\"*\\\"===r.hostname)return!1;if(s(r.hostname,e.hostname)\u0026\u0026c(r.pathname,e.pathname))return!1}return!0}function o(e){return void 0===e.hostname}function a(e){if(n=[],e\u0026\u0026e.length)for(var t=0;t\u003ce.length;t++){let r=e[t];if(!r)continue;0===r.indexOf(\\\"http://\\\")?r=r.substring(7):0===r.indexOf(\\\"https://\\\")\u0026\u0026(r=r.substring(8));const i=r.indexOf(\\\"/\\\");let o,a;i\u003e0?(o=r.substring(0,i),a=r.substring(i)):(o=r,a=\\\"\\\");let[s]=o.split(\\\":\\\");n.push({hostname:s,pathname:a})}}function s(e,t){return!(e.length\u003et.length)\u0026\u0026t.indexOf(e)===t.length-e.length}function c(e,t){return 0===e.indexOf(\\\"/\\\")\u0026\u0026(e=e.substring(1)),0===t.indexOf(\\\"/\\\")\u0026\u0026(t=t.substring(1)),\\\"\\\"===e||e===t}},1687:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\\\"use strict\\\";r.d(t,{Ak:()=\u003ec,Ze:()=\u003el,x3:()=\u003eu});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e\u0026\u0026s[e]\u0026\u0026(s[e].get(t)\u0026\u0026s[e].delete(t),h(e,t,!1),s[e].size\u0026\u0026f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error(\\\"agentIdentifier required\\\");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e=\\\"\\\",t=\\\"feature\\\",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return h(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=\u003et.staged))\u0026\u0026(t.sort(((e,t)=\u003ee[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=\u003e{s[e].delete(t),h(e,t)})))}function h(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted\u0026\u0026o.backlog\u0026\u0026s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e\u0026\u0026t\u003ce.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=\u003e{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=\u003e{t[0]?.on\u0026\u0026t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y\u0026\u0026t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit(\\\"drain-\\\"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=\u003e{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\\\"use strict\\\";r.d(t,{P:()=\u003ec,ee:()=\u003eu});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c=\\\"nr@context:\\\".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length\u0026\u0026(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i\u003cr.length;i++)r[i]===t\u0026\u0026r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o\u0026\u0026(o=!0);if(u.aborted\u0026\u0026!i)return;t\u0026\u0026o\u0026\u0026t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=h(n),c=g(e),d=c.length,l=0;l\u003cd;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=v()[s[e]];p\u0026\u0026p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:m,listeners:g,context:h,buffer:function(e,t){const r=v();if(t=t||\\\"feature\\\",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=\u003e{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=\u003e{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!v()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t\u0026\u0026\\\"object\\\"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,\\\"aborted\\\",{get:()=\u003e{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t\u0026\u0026(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function h(e){return e\u0026\u0026e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=\u003enew a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=g(e).concat(t)}function g(e){return n[e]||[]}function m(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function v(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,\\\"globalEE\\\"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\\\"use strict\\\";r.d(t,{y:()=\u003en});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\\\"use strict\\\";r.d(t,{d:()=\u003en,p:()=\u003ei});var n=r(7836).ee.get(\\\"handle\\\");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\\\"use strict\\\";r.d(t,{i:()=\u003eo});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o=\\\"feature\\\"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\\\"use strict\\\";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=\u003eo,jT:()=\u003en,sp:()=\u003ei})},5607:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\\\"use strict\\\";r.d(t,{W:()=\u003en});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\\\"use strict\\\";r.d(t,{LA:()=\u003es,ZF:()=\u003ec,bz:()=\u003ea,el:()=\u003eu});var n=r(6154);const i=\\\"xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx\\\";function o(e,t){return e?15\u0026e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e\u0026\u0026e.getRandomValues\u0026\u0026(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split(\\\"\\\").map((e=\u003e\\\"x\\\"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):\\\"y\\\"===e?(3\u0026o()|8).toString(16):e)).join(\\\"\\\")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t\u0026\u0026t.getRandomValues\u0026\u0026(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s\u003ce;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join(\\\"\\\")}function c(){return s(16)}function u(){return s(32)}},2614:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\\\"use strict\\\";r.d(t,{BB:()=\u003ea,H3:()=\u003en,g:()=\u003eu,iL:()=\u003ec,tS:()=\u003es,uh:()=\u003ei,wk:()=\u003eo});const n=\\\"NRBA\\\",i=\\\"SESSION\\\",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:\\\"session-started\\\",PAUSE:\\\"session-pause\\\",RESET:\\\"session-reset\\\",RESUME:\\\"session-resume\\\",UPDATE:\\\"session-update\\\"},c={SAME_TAB:\\\"same-tab\\\",CROSS_TAB:\\\"cross-tab\\\"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\\\"use strict\\\";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=\u003en})},7485:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\\\"use strict\\\";r.d(t,{D:()=\u003ei});var n=r(6154);function i(e){if(0===(e||\\\"\\\").indexOf(\\\"data:\\\"))return{protocol:\\\"data\\\"};try{const t=new URL(e,location.href),r={port:t.port,hostname:t.hostname,pathname:t.pathname,search:t.search,protocol:t.protocol.slice(0,t.protocol.indexOf(\\\":\\\")),sameOrigin:t.protocol===n.gm?.location?.protocol\u0026\u0026t.host===n.gm?.location?.host};return r.port\u0026\u0026\\\"\\\"!==r.port||(\\\"http:\\\"===t.protocol\u0026\u0026(r.port=\\\"80\\\"),\\\"https:\\\"===t.protocol\u0026\u0026(r.port=\\\"443\\\")),r.pathname\u0026\u0026\\\"\\\"!==r.pathname?r.pathname.startsWith(\\\"/\\\")||(r.pathname=\\\"/\\\".concat(r.pathname)):r.pathname=\\\"/\\\",r}catch(e){return{}}}},944:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\\\"use strict\\\";function n(e,t){\\\"function\\\"==typeof console.debug\u0026\u0026console.debug(\\\"New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#\\\".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=\u003en})},5284:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\\\"use strict\\\";r.d(t,{t:()=\u003ec,B:()=\u003es});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o=\\\"newrelic\\\";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e\u0026\u0026\\\"object\\\"==typeof e\u0026\u0026(a.has(t)||(r.emit(\\\"rumresp\\\",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\\\"use strict\\\";r.d(t,{I:()=\u003ei});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty\u0026\u0026Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\\\"use strict\\\";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=\u003e{n\u0026\u0026void 0===i\u0026\u0026(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=\u003e{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=\u003e{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=\u003e{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=\u003ei,s:()=\u003en})},3304:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\\\"use strict\\\";r.d(t,{A:()=\u003eo});var n=r(7836);const i=()=\u003e{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=\u003e{if(\\\"object\\\"==typeof r\u0026\u0026null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())??\\\"\\\"}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit(\\\"internal-error\\\",[e])}catch(e){}return\\\"\\\"}}},5289:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\\\"use strict\\\";r.d(t,{GG:()=\u003eo,sB:()=\u003ea});var n=r(3878);function i(){return\\\"undefined\\\"==typeof document||\\\"complete\\\"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)(\\\"load\\\",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)(\\\"DOMContentLoaded\\\",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\\\"use strict\\\";r.d(t,{NT:()=\u003eo,US:()=\u003ed,Zm:()=\u003ea,bQ:()=\u003ec,dV:()=\u003es,nY:()=\u003eu,pV:()=\u003el});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:\\\"bam.nr-data.net\\\",errorBeacon:\\\"bam.nr-data.net\\\"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic\u0026\u0026(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\\\"use strict\\\";r.d(t,{u:()=\u003ei});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)(\\\"visibilitychange\\\",(function(){if(t)return void(\\\"hidden\\\"===document.visibilityState\u0026\u0026e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},8139:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\\\"use strict\\\";r.d(t,{u:()=\u003ef});var n=r(7836),i=r(3434),o=r(8990),a=r(6154);const s={},c=a.gm.XMLHttpRequest,u=\\\"addEventListener\\\",d=\\\"removeEventListener\\\",l=\\\"nr@wrapped:\\\".concat(n.P);function f(e){var t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get(\\\"events\\\")}(e);if(s[t.debugId]++)return t;s[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,i.YM)(t,!0);function f(e){r.inPlace(e,[u,d],\\\"-\\\",p)}function p(e,t){return e[1]}return\\\"getPrototypeOf\\\"in Object\u0026\u0026(a.RI\u0026\u0026h(document,f),c\u0026\u0026h(c.prototype,f),h(a.gm,f)),t.on(u+\\\"-start\\\",(function(e,t){var n=e[1];if(null!==n\u0026\u0026(\\\"function\\\"==typeof n||\\\"object\\\"==typeof n)){var i=(0,o.I)(n,l,(function(){var e={object:function(){if(\\\"function\\\"!=typeof n.handleEvent)return;return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)},function:n}[typeof n];return e?r(e,\\\"fn-\\\",null,e.name||\\\"anonymous\\\"):n}));this.wrapped=e[1]=i}})),t.on(d+\\\"-start\\\",(function(e){e[1]=this.wrapped||e[1]})),t}function h(e,t,...r){let n=e;for(;\\\"object\\\"==typeof n\u0026\u0026!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,u);)n=Object.getPrototypeOf(n);n\u0026\u0026t(n,...r)}},3434:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\\\"use strict\\\";r.d(t,{Jt:()=\u003eo,YM:()=\u003ec});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o=\\\"nr@original:\\\".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n=\\\"\\\");const a=\\\"-\\\"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s\u003ct.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=\\\"\\\"),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty\u0026\u0026Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)\u0026\u0026(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d=\\\"function\\\"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,\\\"\\\",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+\\\"start\\\",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+\\\"err\\\",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+\\\"end\\\",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit(\\\"internal-error\\\",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e\u0026\u0026\\\"function\\\"==typeof e\u0026\u0026e.apply\u0026\u0026!e[o])}},9300:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\\\"use strict\\\";r.d(t,{T:()=\u003en});const n=r(860).K7.ajax},3333:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\\\"use strict\\\";r.d(t,{$v:()=\u003eu,TZ:()=\u003en,Zp:()=\u003ei,kd:()=\u003ec,mq:()=\u003es,nf:()=\u003ea,qN:()=\u003eo});const n=r(860).K7.genericEvents,i=[\\\"auxclick\\\",\\\"click\\\",\\\"copy\\\",\\\"keydown\\\",\\\"paste\\\",\\\"scrollend\\\"],o=[\\\"focus\\\",\\\"blur\\\"],a=4,s=1e3,c=[\\\"PageAction\\\",\\\"UserAction\\\",\\\"BrowserPerformance\\\"],u={MARKS:\\\"experimental.marks\\\",MEASURES:\\\"experimental.measures\\\",RESOURCES:\\\"experimental.resources\\\"}},6774:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\\\"use strict\\\";r.d(t,{T:()=\u003en});const n=r(860).K7.jserrors},993:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\\\"use strict\\\";r.d(t,{ET:()=\u003eo,TZ:()=\u003ea,p_:()=\u003ei});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:\\\"ERROR\\\",WARN:\\\"WARN\\\",INFO:\\\"INFO\\\",DEBUG:\\\"DEBUG\\\",TRACE:\\\"TRACE\\\"},o=\\\"log\\\",a=n.K7.logging},3785:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\\\"use strict\\\";r.d(t,{R:()=\u003ec,b:()=\u003eu});var n=r(9908),i=r(1863),o=r(860),a=r(3969),s=r(993);function c(e,t,r={},c=s.p_.INFO){(0,n.p)(a.xV,[\\\"API/logging/\\\".concat(c.toLowerCase(),\\\"/called\\\")],void 0,o.K7.metrics,e),(0,n.p)(s.ET,[(0,i.t)(),t,r,c],void 0,o.K7.logging,e)}function u(e){return\\\"string\\\"==typeof e\u0026\u0026Object.values(s.p_).some((t=\u003et===e.toUpperCase().trim()))}},3969:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\\\"use strict\\\";r.d(t,{TZ:()=\u003en,XG:()=\u003es,rs:()=\u003ei,xV:()=\u003ea,z_:()=\u003eo});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i=\\\"sm\\\",o=\\\"cm\\\",a=\\\"storeSupportabilityMetrics\\\",s=\\\"storeEventMetrics\\\"},6630:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\\\"use strict\\\";r.d(t,{T:()=\u003en});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\\\"use strict\\\";r.d(t,{T:()=\u003en});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\\\"use strict\\\";r.d(t,{BB:()=\u003ed,G4:()=\u003eo,Qb:()=\u003el,TZ:()=\u003ei,Ug:()=\u003ea,_s:()=\u003es,bc:()=\u003eu,yP:()=\u003ec});var n=r(2614);const i=r(860).K7.sessionReplay,o={RECORD:\\\"recordReplay\\\",PAUSE:\\\"pauseReplay\\\",REPLAY_RUNNING:\\\"replayRunning\\\",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:\\\"errorDuringReplay\\\"},a=.12,s={DomContentLoaded:0,Load:1,FullSnapshot:2,IncrementalSnapshot:3,Meta:4,Custom:5},c={[n.g.ERROR]:15e3,[n.g.FULL]:3e5,[n.g.OFF]:0},u={RESET:{message:\\\"Session was reset\\\",sm:\\\"Reset\\\"},IMPORT:{message:\\\"Recorder failed to import\\\",sm:\\\"Import\\\"},TOO_MANY:{message:\\\"429: Too Many Requests\\\",sm:\\\"Too-Many\\\"},TOO_BIG:{message:\\\"Payload was too large\\\",sm:\\\"Too-Big\\\"},CROSS_TAB:{message:\\\"Session Entity was set to OFF on another tab\\\",sm:\\\"Cross-Tab\\\"},ENTITLEMENTS:{message:\\\"Session Replay is not allowed and will not be started\\\",sm:\\\"Entitlement\\\"}},d=5e3,l={API:\\\"api\\\"}},5270:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\\\"use strict\\\";r.d(t,{Aw:()=\u003ec,CT:()=\u003eu,SR:()=\u003es});var n=r(384),i=r(9417),o=r(7767),a=r(6154);function s(e){return!!(0,n.dV)().o.MO\u0026\u0026(0,o.V)(e)\u0026\u0026!0===(0,i.gD)(e,\\\"session_trace.enabled\\\")}function c(e){return!0===(0,i.gD)(e,\\\"session_replay.preload\\\")\u0026\u0026s(e)}function u(e,t){const r=t.correctAbsoluteTimestamp(e);return{originalTimestamp:e,correctedTimestamp:r,timestampDiff:e-r,originTime:a.WN,correctedOriginTime:t.correctedOriginTime,originTimeDiff:Math.floor(a.WN-t.correctedOriginTime)}}},3738:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\\\"use strict\\\";r.d(t,{He:()=\u003ei,Kp:()=\u003es,Lc:()=\u003eu,Rz:()=\u003ed,TZ:()=\u003en,bD:()=\u003eo,d3:()=\u003ea,jx:()=\u003el,uP:()=\u003ec});const n=r(860).K7.sessionTrace,i=\\\"bstResource\\\",o=\\\"resource\\\",a=\\\"-start\\\",s=\\\"-end\\\",c=\\\"fn\\\"+a,u=\\\"fn\\\"+s,d=\\\"pushState\\\",l=1e3},3962:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\\\"use strict\\\";r.d(t,{AM:()=\u003eo,O2:()=\u003ec,Qu:()=\u003eu,TZ:()=\u003es,ih:()=\u003ed,pP:()=\u003ea,tC:()=\u003ei});var n=r(860);const i=[\\\"click\\\",\\\"keydown\\\",\\\"submit\\\",\\\"popstate\\\"],o=\\\"api\\\",a=\\\"initialPageLoad\\\",s=n.K7.softNav,c={INITIAL_PAGE_LOAD:\\\"\\\",ROUTE_CHANGE:1,UNSPECIFIED:2},u={INTERACTION:1,AJAX:2,CUSTOM_END:3,CUSTOM_TRACER:4},d={IP:\\\"in progress\\\",FIN:\\\"finished\\\",CAN:\\\"cancelled\\\"}},7378:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\\\"use strict\\\";r.d(t,{$p:()=\u003ex,BR:()=\u003eb,Kp:()=\u003eR,L3:()=\u003ey,Lc:()=\u003ec,NC:()=\u003eo,SG:()=\u003ed,TZ:()=\u003ei,U6:()=\u003ep,UT:()=\u003em,d3:()=\u003ew,dT:()=\u003ef,e5:()=\u003eT,gx:()=\u003ev,l9:()=\u003el,oW:()=\u003eh,op:()=\u003eg,rw:()=\u003eu,tH:()=\u003eA,uP:()=\u003es,wW:()=\u003eE,xq:()=\u003ea});var n=r(384);const i=r(860).K7.spa,o=[\\\"click\\\",\\\"submit\\\",\\\"keypress\\\",\\\"keydown\\\",\\\"keyup\\\",\\\"change\\\"],a=999,s=\\\"fn-start\\\",c=\\\"fn-end\\\",u=\\\"cb-start\\\",d=\\\"api-ixn-\\\",l=\\\"remaining\\\",f=\\\"interaction\\\",h=\\\"spaNode\\\",p=\\\"jsonpNode\\\",g=\\\"fetch-start\\\",m=\\\"fetch-done\\\",v=\\\"fetch-body-\\\",b=\\\"jsonp-end\\\",y=(0,n.dV)().o.ST,w=\\\"-start\\\",R=\\\"-end\\\",x=\\\"-body\\\",E=\\\"cb\\\"+R,T=\\\"jsTime\\\",A=\\\"fetch\\\"},4234:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\\\"use strict\\\";r.d(t,{W:()=\u003eo});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7767:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\\\"use strict\\\";r.d(t,{V:()=\u003eo});var n=r(9417),i=r(6154);const o=e=\u003ei.RI\u0026\u0026!0===(0,n.gD)(e,\\\"privacy.cookies_enabled\\\")},425:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\\\"use strict\\\";r.d(t,{j:()=\u003ej});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),h=r(384),p=r(6344);const g=[\\\"setErrorHandler\\\",\\\"finished\\\",\\\"addToTrace\\\",\\\"addRelease\\\",\\\"recordCustomEvent\\\",\\\"addPageAction\\\",\\\"setCurrentRouteName\\\",\\\"setPageViewName\\\",\\\"setCustomAttribute\\\",\\\"interaction\\\",\\\"noticeError\\\",\\\"setUserId\\\",\\\"setApplicationVersion\\\",\\\"start\\\",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,\\\"log\\\",\\\"wrapLogger\\\"],m=[\\\"setErrorHandler\\\",\\\"finished\\\",\\\"addToTrace\\\",\\\"addRelease\\\"];var v=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993),w=r(3785),R=r(2646),x=r(3434);const E=new Map;function T(e,t,r,n){if(\\\"object\\\"!=typeof t||!t||\\\"string\\\"!=typeof r||!r||\\\"function\\\"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get(\\\"logger\\\")}(e),o=(0,x.YM)(i),a=new R.y(s.P);a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes;const c=t[r]?.[x.Jt]||t[r];return E.set(c,a),o.inPlace(t,[r],\\\"wrap-logger-\\\",(()=\u003eE.get(c))),i}function A(){const e=(0,h.pV)();g.forEach((t=\u003e{e[t]=(...r)=\u003efunction(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=\u003e{e\u0026\u0026e.api?e.exposed\u0026\u0026e.api[t]\u0026\u0026n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length\u003e1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const S={};var N=r(9417),_=r(5603),O=r(5284);const I=e=\u003e{const t=e.startsWith(\\\"http\\\");e+=\\\"/\\\",r.p=t?e:\\\"https://\\\"+e};let P=!1;function j(e,t={},g,R){let{init:x,info:E,loader_config:j,runtime:C={},exposed:k=!0}=t;C.loaderType=g;const L=(0,h.pV)();E||(x=L.init,E=L.info,j=L.loader_config),(0,N.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,x||{}),(0,_.a)(e.agentIdentifier,j||{}),E.jsAttributes??={},d.bv\u0026\u0026(E.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,E);const H=(0,N.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),M=[E.beacon,E.errorBeacon];P||(H.proxy.assets\u0026\u0026(I(H.proxy.assets),M.push(H.proxy.assets)),H.proxy.beacon\u0026\u0026M.push(H.proxy.beacon),A(),(0,h.US)(\\\"activatedFeatures\\\",O.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa\u0026\u0026=!0===H.soft_navigations.enabled\u0026\u0026H.feature_flags.includes(\\\"soft_nav\\\")),C.denyList=[...H.ajax.deny_list||[],...H.ajax.block_internal?M:[]],C.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,C),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api\u0026\u0026(e.api=function(e,t,h=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,\\\"api\\\");const g={};var R=s.ee.get(e),x=R.get(\\\"tracer\\\");S[e]=b.g.OFF,R.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=\u003e{S[e]=t}));var E=\\\"api-\\\",A=E+\\\"ixn-\\\";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),I(E,n,!0,o||null===r?\\\"session\\\":void 0)(t,r)}function _(){}g.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,[\\\"API/log/called\\\"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,w.R)(R,e,t,r)},g.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=\u003e{(0,a.p)(f.xV,[\\\"API/wrapLogger/called\\\"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),T(R,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},m.forEach((e=\u003e{g[e]=I(E,e,!0,\\\"api\\\")})),g.addPageAction=I(E,\\\"addPageAction\\\",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),g.recordCustomEvent=I(E,\\\"recordCustomEvent\\\",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),g.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if(\\\"string\\\"==typeof t)return\\\"/\\\"!==t.charAt(0)\u0026\u0026(t=\\\"/\\\"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||\\\"http://custom.transaction\\\")+t,I(E,\\\"setPageViewName\\\",!0)()},g.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if(\\\"string\\\"==typeof e){if([\\\"string\\\",\\\"number\\\",\\\"boolean\\\"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,\\\"setCustomAttribute\\\",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},g.setUserId=function(e){if(\\\"string\\\"==typeof e||null===e)return N(\\\"enduser.id\\\",e,\\\"setUserId\\\",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},g.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if(\\\"string\\\"==typeof e||null===e)return N(\\\"application.version\\\",e,\\\"setApplicationVersion\\\",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},g.start=()=\u003e{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,[\\\"API/start/called\\\"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),R.emit(\\\"manual-start-all\\\")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},g[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,[\\\"API/recordReplay/called\\\"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,[\\\"API/pauseReplay/called\\\"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g.interaction=function(e){return(new _).get(\\\"object\\\"==typeof e?e:{})};const O=_.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o=\\\"function\\\"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,[\\\"API/createTracer/called\\\"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),h||(0,a.p)(A+\\\"tracer\\\",[(0,v.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,R),function(){if(x.emit((o?\\\"\\\":\\\"no-\\\")+\\\"fn-start\\\",[(0,v.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t=\\\"string\\\"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw x.emit(\\\"fn-err\\\",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{x.emit(\\\"fn-end\\\",[(0,v.t)()],r)}}}};function I(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,[\\\"API/\\\"+t+\\\"/called\\\"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),i\u0026\u0026(0,a.p)(e+t,[r?(0,v.t)():performance.now(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,R),r?void 0:this}}function P(){r.e(478).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=\u003e{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,\\\"api\\\")})).catch((e=\u003e{(0,l.R)(27,e),R.abort()}))}return[\\\"actionText\\\",\\\"setName\\\",\\\"setAttribute\\\",\\\"save\\\",\\\"ignore\\\",\\\"onEnd\\\",\\\"getContext\\\",\\\"end\\\",\\\"get\\\"].forEach((e=\u003e{O[e]=I(A,e,void 0,h?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),g.setCurrentRouteName=h?I(A,\\\"routeName\\\",void 0,n.K7.softNav):I(E,\\\"routeName\\\",!0,n.K7.spa),g.noticeError=function(t,r){\\\"string\\\"==typeof t\u0026\u0026(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,[\\\"API/noticeError/called\\\"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(\\\"err\\\",[t,(0,v.t)(),!1,r,!!S[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,R)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=\u003eP()),!0):P(),g}(e.agentIdentifier,R,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed\u0026\u0026(e.exposed=k),P=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=\u003e{r.nc=(()=\u003e{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return\\\"\\\"})()},860:(e,t,r)=\u003e{\\\"use strict\\\";r.d(t,{$J:()=\u003eu,K7:()=\u003es,P3:()=\u003ec,XX:()=\u003ei,qY:()=\u003en,v4:()=\u003ea});const n=\\\"events\\\",i=\\\"jserrors\\\",o=\\\"browser/blobs\\\",a=\\\"rum\\\",s={ajax:\\\"ajax\\\",genericEvents:\\\"generic_events\\\",jserrors:i,logging:\\\"logging\\\",metrics:\\\"metrics\\\",pageAction:\\\"page_action\\\",pageViewEvent:\\\"page_view_event\\\",pageViewTiming:\\\"page_view_timing\\\",sessionReplay:\\\"session_replay\\\",sessionTrace:\\\"session_trace\\\",softNav:\\\"soft_navigations\\\",spa:\\\"spa\\\"},c={[s.pageViewEvent]:1,[s.pageViewTiming]:2,[s.metrics]:3,[s.jserrors]:4,[s.spa]:5,[s.ajax]:6,[s.sessionTrace]:7,[s.softNav]:8,[s.sessionReplay]:9,[s.logging]:10,[s.genericEvents]:11},u={[s.pageViewEvent]:a,[s.pageViewTiming]:n,[s.ajax]:n,[s.spa]:n,[s.softNav]:n,[s.metrics]:i,[s.jserrors]:i,[s.sessionTrace]:o,[s.sessionReplay]:o,[s.logging]:\\\"browser/logs\\\",[s.genericEvents]:\\\"ins\\\"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=\u003e{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)\u0026\u0026!i.o(e,r)\u0026\u0026Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=\u003ePromise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=\u003e(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=\u003e({212:\\\"nr-spa-compressor\\\",249:\\\"nr-spa-recorder\\\",478:\\\"nr-spa\\\"}[e]+\\\"-1.281.0.min.js\\\"),i.o=(e,t)=\u003eObject.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t=\\\"NRBA-1.281.0.PROD:\\\",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=\u003e{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName(\\\"script\\\"),d=0;d\u003cu.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute(\\\"src\\\")==r||l.getAttribute(\\\"data-webpack\\\")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={478:\\\"sha512-jmvAlmjCn64ans8tLueqHRlBI/iWekylsDWb94A77CG0ukSriVDvgD3dThx+XjUSBBBMYhFn8B1a18fViyBPEQ==\\\",249:\\\"sha512-ICY/ZrcytM/86t5KFy+9OAWVYmNNJy10EBtxoSUGjQWuZx53p/eLo+L8HfrGjvHuRHRnutqLTGSnvNttffJkaA==\\\",212:\\\"sha512-pQSn+X/RfBOvx/49HvlghaiXMLhhDQXTi13n1N2XMpDquWJgs9U0pbqE3RbAnYC9nsdaTu/RVGvneEPv1fpCxA==\\\"};(s=document.createElement(\\\"script\\\")).charset=\\\"utf-8\\\",s.timeout=120,i.nc\u0026\u0026s.setAttribute(\\\"nonce\\\",i.nc),s.setAttribute(\\\"data-webpack\\\",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+\\\"/\\\")\u0026\u0026(s.crossOrigin=\\\"anonymous\\\"),f[a]\u0026\u0026(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var h=(t,n)=\u003e{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode\u0026\u0026s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i\u0026\u0026i.forEach((e=\u003ee(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(h.bind(null,void 0,{type:\\\"timeout\\\",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=h.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=h.bind(null,s.onload),c\u0026\u0026document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=\u003e{\\\"undefined\\\"!=typeof Symbol\u0026\u0026Symbol.toStringTag\u0026\u0026Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:\\\"Module\\\"}),Object.defineProperty(e,\\\"__esModule\\\",{value:!0})},i.p=\\\"https://js-agent.newrelic.com/\\\",(()=\u003e{var e={38:0,788:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=\u003e{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=\u003en=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=\u003e{if(i.o(e,t)\u0026\u0026(0!==(n=e[t])\u0026\u0026(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r\u0026\u0026(\\\"load\\\"===r.type?\\\"missing\\\":r.type),a=r\u0026\u0026r.target\u0026\u0026r.target.src;s.message=\\\"Loading chunk \\\"+t+\\\" failed.\\\\n(\\\"+o+\\\": \\\"+a+\\\")\\\",s.name=\\\"ChunkLoadError\\\",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),\\\"chunk-\\\"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=\u003e{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=\u003e0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)\u0026\u0026(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t\u0026\u0026t(r);u\u003ca.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)\u0026\u0026e[o]\u0026\u0026e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self[\\\"webpackChunk:NRBA-1.281.0.PROD\\\"]=self[\\\"webpackChunk:NRBA-1.281.0.PROD\\\"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=\u003e{\\\"use strict\\\";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(){this.agentIdentifier=(0,r.LA)(16)}#e(t,...r){if(\\\"function\\\"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e(\\\"addPageAction\\\",e,t)}recordCustomEvent(e,t){return this.#e(\\\"recordCustomEvent\\\",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e(\\\"setPageViewName\\\",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e(\\\"setCustomAttribute\\\",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e(\\\"noticeError\\\",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e(\\\"setUserId\\\",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e(\\\"setApplicationVersion\\\",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e(\\\"setErrorHandler\\\",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e(\\\"addRelease\\\",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e(\\\"log\\\",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if(\\\"function\\\"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e(\\\"start\\\")}finished(e){return this.#e(\\\"finished\\\",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e(\\\"addToTrace\\\",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e(\\\"setCurrentRouteName\\\",e)}interaction(){return this.#e(\\\"interaction\\\")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e(\\\"wrapLogger\\\",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=\u003e{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,\\\"\\\".concat(e,\\\".enabled\\\"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(425);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),h=i(5289),p=i(6154),g=i(5270),m=i(7767),v=i(6389);class b extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart\u0026\u0026(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on(\\\"manual-start-all\\\",(0,v.J)((()=\u003e{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=\u003e{n=e}));const o=async()=\u003e{let o;try{if((0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6526));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit(\\\"internal-error\\\",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay\u0026\u0026this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,\\\"aggregate\\\");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),t.runtime.harvester.initializedAggregates.push(this.featAggregate),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee\u0026\u0026this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,h.GG)((()=\u003eo()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return(0,g.SR)(this.agentIdentifier)\u0026\u0026!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var y=i(6630);class w extends b{static featureName=y.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,y.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(384);var x=i(9908),E=i(2843),T=i(3878),A=i(782),S=i(1863);class N extends b{static featureName=A.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,A.T,t),p.RI\u0026\u0026((0,E.u)((()=\u003e(0,x.p)(\\\"docHidden\\\",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,A.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,T.sp)(\\\"pagehide\\\",(()=\u003e(0,x.p)(\\\"winPagehide\\\",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,A.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var _=i(3969);class O extends b{static featureName=_.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,_.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var I=i(6774),P=i(3304);class j{constructor(e,t,r,n,i){this.name=\\\"UncaughtError\\\",this.message=\\\"string\\\"==typeof e?e:(0,P.A)(e),this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r,this.column=n,this.__newrelic=i}}function C(e){return H(e)?e:new j(void 0!==e?.message?e.message:e,e?.filename||e?.sourceURL,e?.lineno||e?.line,e?.colno||e?.col,e?.__newrelic)}function k(e){const t=\\\"Unhandled Promise Rejection\\\";if(!e?.reason)return;if(H(e.reason))try{return e.reason.message=t+\\\": \\\"+e.reason.message,C(e.reason)}catch(t){return C(e.reason)}const r=C(e.reason);return r.message=t+\\\": \\\"+r?.message,r}function L(e){if(e.error instanceof SyntaxError\u0026\u0026!/:\\\\d+$/.test(e.error.stack?.trim())){const t=new j(e.message,e.filename,e.lineno,e.colno,e.error.__newrelic);return t.name=SyntaxError.name,t}return H(e.error)?e.error:C(e)}function H(e){return e instanceof Error\u0026\u0026!!e.stack}class M extends b{static featureName=I.T;#r=!1;constructor(e,r=!0){super(e,I.T,r);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}this.ee.on(\\\"internal-error\\\",((e,t)=\u003e{this.abortHandler\u0026\u0026(0,x.p)(\\\"ierr\\\",[C(e),(0,S.t)(),!0,{},this.#r,t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=\u003e{this.#r=e})),p.gm.addEventListener(\\\"unhandledrejection\\\",(e=\u003e{this.abortHandler\u0026\u0026(0,x.p)(\\\"err\\\",[k(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,T.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),p.gm.addEventListener(\\\"error\\\",(e=\u003e{this.abortHandler\u0026\u0026(0,x.p)(\\\"err\\\",[L(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,T.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var D=i(8990);let K=1;const U=\\\"nr@id\\\";function V(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||\\\"object\\\"!==t\u0026\u0026\\\"function\\\"!==t?-1:e===p.gm?0:(0,D.I)(e,U,(function(){return K++}))}function G(e){if(\\\"string\\\"==typeof e\u0026\u0026e.length)return e.length;if(\\\"object\\\"==typeof e){if(\\\"undefined\\\"!=typeof ArrayBuffer\u0026\u0026e instanceof ArrayBuffer\u0026\u0026e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if(\\\"undefined\\\"!=typeof Blob\u0026\u0026e instanceof Blob\u0026\u0026e.size)return e.size;if(!(\\\"undefined\\\"!=typeof FormData\u0026\u0026e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,P.A)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var F=i(8139),B=i(7836),W=i(3434);const z={},q=[\\\"open\\\",\\\"send\\\"];function Z(t){var r=t||B.ee;const n=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get(\\\"xhr\\\")}(r);if(void 0===p.gm.XMLHttpRequest)return n;if(z[n.debugId]++)return n;z[n.debugId]=1,(0,F.u)(r);var i=(0,W.YM)(n),o=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest,a=p.gm.MutationObserver,s=p.gm.Promise,c=p.gm.setInterval,u=\\\"readystatechange\\\",d=[\\\"onload\\\",\\\"onerror\\\",\\\"onabort\\\",\\\"onloadstart\\\",\\\"onloadend\\\",\\\"onprogress\\\",\\\"ontimeout\\\"],l=[],f=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest=function(t){const r=new o(t),a=n.context(r);try{n.emit(\\\"new-xhr\\\",[r],a),r.addEventListener(u,(s=a,function(){var e=this;e.readyState\u003e3\u0026\u0026!s.resolved\u0026\u0026(s.resolved=!0,n.emit(\\\"xhr-resolved\\\",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,d,\\\"fn-\\\",y)}),(0,T.jT)(!1))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(15,t);try{n.emit(\\\"internal-error\\\",[t])}catch(e){}}var s;return r};function h(e,t){i.inPlace(t,[\\\"onreadystatechange\\\"],\\\"fn-\\\",y)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,f),f.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(f.prototype,q,\\\"-xhr-\\\",y),n.on(\\\"send-xhr-start\\\",(function(e,t){h(e,t),function(e){l.push(e),a\u0026\u0026(g?g.then(b):c?c(b):(m=-m,v.data=m))}(t)})),n.on(\\\"open-xhr-start\\\",h),a){var g=s\u0026\u0026s.resolve();if(!c\u0026\u0026!s){var m=1,v=document.createTextNode(m);new a(b).observe(v,{characterData:!0})}}else r.on(\\\"fn-end\\\",(function(e){e[0]\u0026\u0026e[0].type===u||b()}));function b(){for(var e=0;e\u003cl.length;e++)h(0,l[e]);l.length\u0026\u0026(l=[])}function y(e,t){return t}return n}var Y=\\\"fetch-\\\",X=Y+\\\"body-\\\",J=[\\\"arrayBuffer\\\",\\\"blob\\\",\\\"json\\\",\\\"text\\\",\\\"formData\\\"],Q=p.gm.Request,ee=p.gm.Response,te=\\\"prototype\\\";const re={};function ne(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get(\\\"fetch\\\")}(e);if(!(Q\u0026\u0026ee\u0026\u0026p.gm.fetch))return t;if(re[t.debugId]++)return t;function r(e,r,n){var i=e[r];\\\"function\\\"==typeof i\u0026\u0026(e[r]=function(){var e,r=[...arguments],o={};t.emit(n+\\\"before-start\\\",[r],o),o[B.P]\u0026\u0026o[B.P].dt\u0026\u0026(e=o[B.P].dt);var a=i.apply(this,r);return t.emit(n+\\\"start\\\",[r,e],a),a.then((function(e){return t.emit(n+\\\"end\\\",[null,e],a),e}),(function(e){throw t.emit(n+\\\"end\\\",[e],a),e}))})}return re[t.debugId]=1,J.forEach((e=\u003e{r(Q[te],e,X),r(ee[te],e,X)})),r(p.gm,\\\"fetch\\\",Y),t.on(Y+\\\"end\\\",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get(\\\"content-length\\\");null!==i\u0026\u0026(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(Y+\\\"done\\\",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(Y+\\\"done\\\",[e],n)})),t}var ie=i(7485),oe=i(5603);class ae{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var t=(0,oe.o)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!t)return null;var n=(t.accountID||\\\"\\\").toString()||null,i=(t.agentID||\\\"\\\").toString()||null,o=(t.trustKey||\\\"\\\").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,r.ZF)(),s=(0,r.el)(),c=Date.now(),u={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)\u0026\u0026this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())\u0026\u0026(u.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),u.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin\u0026\u0026!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin\u0026\u0026this.isAllowedOrigin(e)\u0026\u0026this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())\u0026\u0026(u.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),u}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return\\\"00-\\\"+t+\\\"-\\\"+e+\\\"-01\\\"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+\\\"@nr=0-1-\\\"+r+\\\"-\\\"+n+\\\"-\\\"+e+\\\"----\\\"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!(\\\"function\\\"==typeof p.gm?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:\\\"Browser\\\",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o\u0026\u0026n!==o\u0026\u0026(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,P.A)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()\u0026\u0026this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var t=!1,r={};if((0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,\\\"distributed_tracing\\\")\u0026\u0026(r=(0,s.D0)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)t=!0;else if(r.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var n=0;n\u003cr.allowed_origins.length;n++){var i=(0,ie.D)(r.allowed_origins[n]);if(e.hostname===i.hostname\u0026\u0026e.protocol===i.protocol\u0026\u0026e.port===i.port){t=!0;break}}return t}isDtEnabled(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,\\\"distributed_tracing\\\");return!!e\u0026\u0026!!e.enabled}excludeNewrelicHeader(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,\\\"distributed_tracing\\\");return!!e\u0026\u0026!!e.exclude_newrelic_header}useNewrelicHeaderForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,\\\"distributed_tracing\\\");return!!e\u0026\u0026!1!==e.cors_use_newrelic_header}useTraceContextHeadersForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,\\\"distributed_tracing\\\");return!!e\u0026\u0026!!e.cors_use_tracecontext_headers}}var se=i(9300),ce=i(7295),ue=[\\\"load\\\",\\\"error\\\",\\\"abort\\\",\\\"timeout\\\"],de=ue.length,le=(0,R.dV)().o.REQ,fe=(0,R.dV)().o.XHR;class he extends b{static featureName=se.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,se.T,t),this.dt=new ae(e.agentIdentifier),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=\u003e(0,x.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee);try{const e={xmlhttprequest:\\\"xhr\\\",fetch:\\\"fetch\\\",beacon:\\\"beacon\\\"};p.gm?.performance?.getEntriesByType(\\\"resource\\\").forEach((t=\u003e{if(t.initiatorType in e\u0026\u00260!==t.responseStatus){const r={status:t.responseStatus},n={rxSize:t.transferSize,duration:Math.floor(t.duration),cbTime:0};pe(r,t.name),this.handler(\\\"xhr\\\",[r,n,t.startTime,t.responseEnd,e[t.initiatorType]],void 0,a.K7.ajax)}}))}catch(e){}ne(this.ee),Z(this.ee),function(e,t,r,n){function i(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=R,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener(\\\"load\\\",(function(r){E(t,e)}),(0,T.jT)(!1)),p.lR||e.addEventListener(\\\"progress\\\",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,T.jT)(!1))}function o(e){this.params={method:e[0]},pe(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function s(t,r){e.loader_config.xpid\u0026\u0026this.sameOrigin\u0026\u0026r.setRequestHeader(\\\"X-NewRelic-ID\\\",e.loader_config.xpid);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i){var o=!1;i.newrelicHeader\u0026\u0026(r.setRequestHeader(\\\"newrelic\\\",i.newrelicHeader),o=!0),i.traceContextParentHeader\u0026\u0026(r.setRequestHeader(\\\"traceparent\\\",i.traceContextParentHeader),i.traceContextStateHeader\u0026\u0026r.setRequestHeader(\\\"tracestate\\\",i.traceContextStateHeader),o=!0),o\u0026\u0026(this.dt=i)}}function c(e,r){var n=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(n\u0026\u0026i){var a=G(i);a\u0026\u0026(n.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.body=i,this.listener=function(e){try{\\\"abort\\\"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),(\\\"load\\\"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs\u0026\u0026(o.onloadCalled||\\\"function\\\"!=typeof r.onload)\u0026\u0026\\\"function\\\"==typeof o.end)\u0026\u0026o.end(r)}catch(e){try{t.emit(\\\"internal-error\\\",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s\u003cde;s++)r.addEventListener(ue[s],this.listener,(0,T.jT)(!1))}function u(e,t,r){this.cbTime+=e,t?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled\u0026\u0026\\\"function\\\"==typeof r.onload||\\\"function\\\"!=typeof this.end||this.end(r)}function d(e,t){var r=\\\"\\\"+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids\u0026\u0026!this.xhrGuids[r]\u0026\u0026(this.xhrGuids[r]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}function l(e,t){var r=\\\"\\\"+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids\u0026\u0026this.xhrGuids[r]\u0026\u0026(delete this.xhrGuids[r],this.totalCbs-=1)}function f(){this.endTime=(0,S.t)()}function h(e,r){r instanceof fe\u0026\u0026\\\"load\\\"===e[0]\u0026\u0026t.emit(\\\"xhr-load-added\\\",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function g(e,r){r instanceof fe\u0026\u0026\\\"load\\\"===e[0]\u0026\u0026t.emit(\\\"xhr-load-removed\\\",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function m(e,t,r){t instanceof fe\u0026\u0026(\\\"onload\\\"===r\u0026\u0026(this.onload=!0),(\\\"load\\\"===(e[0]\u0026\u0026e[0].type)||this.onload)\u0026\u0026(this.xhrCbStart=(0,S.t)()))}function v(e,r){this.xhrCbStart\u0026\u0026t.emit(\\\"xhr-cb-time\\\",[(0,S.t)()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,r],r)}function b(e){var t,r=e[1]||{};if(\\\"string\\\"==typeof e[0]?0===(t=e[0]).length\u0026\u0026p.RI\u0026\u0026(t=\\\"\\\"+p.gm.location.href):e[0]\u0026\u0026e[0].url?t=e[0].url:p.gm?.URL\u0026\u0026e[0]\u0026\u0026e[0]instanceof URL?t=e[0].href:\\\"function\\\"==typeof e[0].toString\u0026\u0026(t=e[0].toString()),\\\"string\\\"==typeof t\u0026\u00260!==t.length){t\u0026\u0026(this.parsedOrigin=(0,ie.D)(t),this.sameOrigin=this.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i\u0026\u0026(i.newrelicHeader||i.traceContextParentHeader))if(e[0]\u0026\u0026e[0].headers)s(e[0].headers,i)\u0026\u0026(this.dt=i);else{var o={};for(var a in r)o[a]=r[a];o.headers=new Headers(r.headers||{}),s(o.headers,i)\u0026\u0026(this.dt=i),e.length\u003e1?e[1]=o:e.push(o)}}function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader\u0026\u0026(e.set(\\\"newrelic\\\",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader\u0026\u0026(e.set(\\\"traceparent\\\",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader\u0026\u0026e.set(\\\"tracestate\\\",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function y(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.dt=t,e.length\u003e=1\u0026\u0026(this.target=e[0]),e.length\u003e=2\u0026\u0026(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;\\\"string\\\"==typeof i?r=i:\\\"object\\\"==typeof i\u0026\u0026i instanceof le?r=i.url:p.gm?.URL\u0026\u0026\\\"object\\\"==typeof i\u0026\u0026i instanceof URL\u0026\u0026(r=i.href),pe(this,r);var o=(\\\"\\\"+(i\u0026\u0026i instanceof le\u0026\u0026i.method||n.method||\\\"GET\\\")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.body=n.body,this.txSize=G(n.body)||0}function w(e,t){if(this.endTime=(0,S.t)(),this.params||(this.params={}),(0,ce.iW)(this.params))return;let n;this.params.status=t?t.status:0,\\\"string\\\"==typeof this.rxSize\u0026\u0026this.rxSize.length\u003e0\u0026\u0026(n=+this.rxSize);const i={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,S.t)()-this.startTime};r(\\\"xhr\\\",[this.params,i,this.startTime,this.endTime,\\\"fetch\\\"],this,a.K7.ajax)}function R(e){const t=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(let t=0;t\u003cde;t++)e.removeEventListener(ue[t],this.listener,!1);t.aborted||(0,ce.iW)(t)||(n.duration=(0,S.t)()-this.startTime,this.loadCaptureCalled||4!==e.readyState?null==t.status\u0026\u0026(t.status=0):E(this,e),n.cbTime=this.cbTime,r(\\\"xhr\\\",[t,n,this.startTime,this.endTime,\\\"xhr\\\"],this,a.K7.ajax))}}function E(e,r){e.params.status=r.status;var n=function(e,t){var r=e.responseType;return\\\"json\\\"===r\u0026\u0026null!==t?t:\\\"arraybuffer\\\"===r||\\\"blob\\\"===r||\\\"json\\\"===r?G(e.response):\\\"text\\\"===r||\\\"\\\"===r||void 0===r?G(e.responseText):void 0}(r,e.lastSize);if(n\u0026\u0026(e.metrics.rxSize=n),e.sameOrigin){var i=r.getResponseHeader(\\\"X-NewRelic-App-Data\\\");i\u0026\u0026((0,x.p)(_.rs,[\\\"Ajax/CrossApplicationTracing/Header/Seen\\\"],void 0,a.K7.metrics,t),e.params.cat=i.split(\\\", \\\").pop())}e.loadCaptureCalled=!0}t.on(\\\"new-xhr\\\",i),t.on(\\\"open-xhr-start\\\",o),t.on(\\\"open-xhr-end\\\",s),t.on(\\\"send-xhr-start\\\",c),t.on(\\\"xhr-cb-time\\\",u),t.on(\\\"xhr-load-added\\\",d),t.on(\\\"xhr-load-removed\\\",l),t.on(\\\"xhr-resolved\\\",f),t.on(\\\"addEventListener-end\\\",h),t.on(\\\"removeEventListener-end\\\",g),t.on(\\\"fn-end\\\",v),t.on(\\\"fetch-before-start\\\",b),t.on(\\\"fetch-start\\\",y),t.on(\\\"fn-start\\\",m),t.on(\\\"fetch-done\\\",w)}(e,this.ee,this.handler,this.dt),this.importAggregator(e)}}function pe(e,t){var r=(0,ie.D)(t),n=e.params||e;n.hostname=r.hostname,n.port=r.port,n.protocol=r.protocol,n.host=r.hostname+\\\":\\\"+r.port,n.pathname=r.pathname,e.parsedOrigin=r,e.sameOrigin=r.sameOrigin}const ge={},me=[\\\"pushState\\\",\\\"replaceState\\\"];function ve(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get(\\\"history\\\")}(e);return!p.RI||ge[t.debugId]++||(ge[t.debugId]=1,(0,W.YM)(t).inPlace(window.history,me,\\\"-\\\")),t}var be=i(3738);const{He:ye,bD:we,d3:Re,Kp:xe,TZ:Ee,Lc:Te,uP:Ae,Rz:Se}=be;class Ne extends b{static featureName=Ee;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,Ee,t);if(!(0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier))return void this.deregisterDrain();const r=this.ee;let n;ve(r),this.eventsEE=(0,F.u)(r),this.eventsEE.on(Ae,(function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,S.t)()})),this.eventsEE.on(Te,(function(e,t){(0,x.p)(\\\"bst\\\",[e[0],t,this.bstStart,(0,S.t)()],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),r.on(Se+Re,(function(e){this.time=(0,S.t)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),r.on(Se+xe,(function(e){(0,x.p)(\\\"bstHist\\\",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)}));try{n=new PerformanceObserver((e=\u003e{const t=e.getEntries();(0,x.p)(ye,[t],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),n.observe({type:we,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(e,{resourceObserver:n})}}var _e=i(2614);class Oe extends b{static featureName=t.TZ;#i;#o;constructor(e,r=!0){let n;super(e,t.TZ,r),this.replayRunning=!1,this.#o=e;try{n=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem(\\\"\\\".concat(_e.H3,\\\"_\\\").concat(_e.uh)))}catch(e){}(0,g.SR)(e.agentIdentifier)\u0026\u0026this.ee.on(t.G4.RECORD,(()=\u003ethis.#a())),this.#s(n)?(this.#i=n?.sessionReplayMode,this.#c()):this.importAggregator(e),this.ee.on(\\\"err\\\",(e=\u003e{this.replayRunning\u0026\u0026(this.errorNoticed=!0,(0,x.p)(t.G4.ERROR_DURING_REPLAY,[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee))})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=\u003e{this.replayRunning=e}))}#s(e){return e\u0026\u0026(e.sessionReplayMode===_e.g.FULL||e.sessionReplayMode===_e.g.ERROR)||(0,g.Aw)(this.agentIdentifier)}#u=!1;async#c(e){if(!this.#u){this.#u=!0;try{const{Recorder:t}=await Promise.all([i.e(478),i.e(249)]).then(i.bind(i,8589));this.recorder??=new t({mode:this.#i,agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier,trigger:e,ee:this.ee,agentRef:this.#o}),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(this.#o,{recorder:this.recorder,errorNoticed:this.errorNoticed})}}#a(){this.featAggregate?this.featAggregate.mode!==_e.g.FULL\u0026\u0026this.featAggregate.initializeRecording(_e.g.FULL,!0):(this.#i=_e.g.FULL,this.#c(t.Qb.API),this.recorder\u0026\u0026this.recorder.parent.mode!==_e.g.FULL\u0026\u0026(this.recorder.parent.mode=_e.g.FULL,this.recorder.stopRecording(),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording))}}var Ie=i(3962);class Pe extends b{static featureName=Ie.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,Ie.TZ,t),!p.RI||!(0,R.dV)().o.MO)return;const r=ve(this.ee);Ie.tC.forEach((e=\u003e{(0,T.sp)(e,(e=\u003e{a(e)}),!0)}));const n=()=\u003e(0,x.p)(\\\"newURL\\\",[(0,S.t)(),\\\"\\\"+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee);r.on(\\\"pushState-end\\\",n),r.on(\\\"replaceState-end\\\",n);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}(0,T.sp)(\\\"popstate\\\",(e=\u003e(0,x.p)(\\\"newURL\\\",[e.timeStamp,\\\"\\\"+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal);let i=!1;const o=new((0,R.dV)().o.MO)(((e,t)=\u003e{i||(i=!0,requestAnimationFrame((()=\u003e{(0,x.p)(\\\"newDom\\\",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),i=!1})))})),a=(0,v.s)((e=\u003e{(0,x.p)(\\\"newUIEvent\\\",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),o.observe(document.body,{attributes:!0,childList:!0,subtree:!0,characterData:!0})}),100,{leading:!0});this.abortHandler=function(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),o.disconnect(),this.abortHandler=void 0},this.importAggregator(e,{domObserver:o})}}var je=i(7378);const Ce={},ke=[\\\"appendChild\\\",\\\"insertBefore\\\",\\\"replaceChild\\\"];function Le(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get(\\\"jsonp\\\")}(e);if(!p.RI||Ce[t.debugId])return t;Ce[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=/[?\u0026](?:callback|cb)=([^\u0026#]+)/,i=/(.*)\\\\.([^.]+)/,o=/^(\\\\w+)(\\\\.|$)(.*)$/;function a(e,t){if(!e)return t;const r=e.match(o),n=r[1];return a(r[3],t[n])}return r.inPlace(Node.prototype,ke,\\\"dom-\\\"),t.on(\\\"dom-start\\\",(function(e){!function(e){if(!e||\\\"string\\\"!=typeof e.nodeName||\\\"script\\\"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase())return;if(\\\"function\\\"!=typeof e.addEventListener)return;var o=(s=e.src,c=s.match(n),c?c[1]:null);var s,c;if(!o)return;var u=function(e){var t=e.match(i);if(t\u0026\u0026t.length\u003e=3)return{key:t[2],parent:a(t[1],window)};return{key:e,parent:window}}(o);if(\\\"function\\\"!=typeof u.parent[u.key])return;var d={};function l(){t.emit(\\\"jsonp-end\\\",[],d),e.removeEventListener(\\\"load\\\",l,(0,T.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener(\\\"error\\\",f,(0,T.jT)(!1))}function f(){t.emit(\\\"jsonp-error\\\",[],d),t.emit(\\\"jsonp-end\\\",[],d),e.removeEventListener(\\\"load\\\",l,(0,T.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener(\\\"error\\\",f,(0,T.jT)(!1))}r.inPlace(u.parent,[u.key],\\\"cb-\\\",d),e.addEventListener(\\\"load\\\",l,(0,T.jT)(!1)),e.addEventListener(\\\"error\\\",f,(0,T.jT)(!1)),t.emit(\\\"new-jsonp\\\",[e.src],d)}(e[0])})),t}const He={};function Me(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get(\\\"promise\\\")}(e);if(He[t.debugId])return t;He[t.debugId]=!0;var r=t.context,n=(0,W.YM)(t),i=p.gm.Promise;return i\u0026\u0026function(){function e(r){var o=t.context(),a=n(r,\\\"executor-\\\",o,null,!1);const s=Reflect.construct(i,[a],e);return t.context(s).getCtx=function(){return o},s}p.gm.Promise=e,Object.defineProperty(e,\\\"name\\\",{value:\\\"Promise\\\"}),e.toString=function(){return i.toString()},Object.setPrototypeOf(e,i),[\\\"all\\\",\\\"race\\\"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){let i=!1;[...e||[]].forEach((e=\u003e{this.resolve(e).then(a(\\\"all\\\"===r),a(!1))}));const o=n.apply(this,arguments);return o;function a(e){return function(){t.emit(\\\"propagate\\\",[null,!i],o,!1,!1),i=i||!e}}}})),[\\\"resolve\\\",\\\"reject\\\"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){const r=n.apply(this,arguments);return e!==r\u0026\u0026t.emit(\\\"propagate\\\",[e,!0],r,!1,!1),r}})),e.prototype=i.prototype;const o=i.prototype.then;i.prototype.then=function(...e){var i=this,a=r(i);a.promise=i,e[0]=n(e[0],\\\"cb-\\\",a,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],\\\"cb-\\\",a,null,!1);const s=o.apply(this,e);return a.nextPromise=s,t.emit(\\\"propagate\\\",[i,!0],s,!1,!1),s},i.prototype.then[W.Jt]=o,t.on(\\\"executor-start\\\",(function(e){e[0]=n(e[0],\\\"resolve-\\\",this,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],\\\"resolve-\\\",this,null,!1)})),t.on(\\\"executor-err\\\",(function(e,t,r){e[1](r)})),t.on(\\\"cb-end\\\",(function(e,r,n){t.emit(\\\"propagate\\\",[n,!0],this.nextPromise,!1,!1)})),t.on(\\\"propagate\\\",(function(e,r,n){this.getCtx\u0026\u0026!r||(this.getCtx=function(){if(e instanceof Promise)var r=t.context(e);return r\u0026\u0026r.getCtx?r.getCtx():this})}))}(),t}const De={},Ke=\\\"setTimeout\\\",Ue=\\\"setInterval\\\",Ve=\\\"clearTimeout\\\",Ge=\\\"-start\\\",Fe=[Ke,\\\"setImmediate\\\",Ue,Ve,\\\"clearImmediate\\\"];function Be(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get(\\\"timer\\\")}(e);if(De[t.debugId]++)return t;De[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,W.YM)(t);return r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(0,2),Ke+\\\"-\\\"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(2,3),Ue+\\\"-\\\"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(3),Ve+\\\"-\\\"),t.on(Ue+Ge,(function(e,t,n){e[0]=r(e[0],\\\"fn-\\\",null,n)})),t.on(Ke+Ge,(function(e,t,n){this.method=n,this.timerDuration=isNaN(e[1])?0:+e[1],e[0]=r(e[0],\\\"fn-\\\",this,n)})),t}const We={};function ze(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get(\\\"mutation\\\")}(e);if(!p.RI||We[t.debugId])return t;We[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=p.gm.MutationObserver;return n\u0026\u0026(window.MutationObserver=function(e){return this instanceof n?new n(r(e,\\\"fn-\\\")):n.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=n.prototype),t}const{TZ:qe,d3:Ze,Kp:Ye,$p:Xe,wW:$e,e5:Je,tH:Qe,uP:et,rw:tt,Lc:rt}=je;class nt extends b{static featureName=qe;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,qe,t),!p.RI)return;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}let r,n=0;const i=this.ee.get(\\\"tracer\\\"),o=Le(this.ee),a=Me(this.ee),s=Be(this.ee),c=Z(this.ee),u=this.ee.get(\\\"events\\\"),d=ne(this.ee),l=ve(this.ee),f=ze(this.ee);function h(e,t){l.emit(\\\"newURL\\\",[\\\"\\\"+window.location,t])}function g(){n++,r=window.location.hash,this[et]=(0,S.t)()}function m(){n--,window.location.hash!==r\u0026\u0026h(0,!0);var e=(0,S.t)();this[Je]=~~this[Je]+e-this[et],this[rt]=e}function v(e,t){e.on(t,(function(){this[t]=(0,S.t)()}))}this.ee.on(et,g),a.on(tt,g),o.on(tt,g),this.ee.on(rt,m),a.on($e,m),o.on($e,m),this.ee.on(\\\"fn-err\\\",((...t)=\u003e{t[2]?.__newrelic?.[e.agentIdentifier]||(0,x.p)(\\\"function-err\\\",[...t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.buffer([et,rt,\\\"xhr-resolved\\\"],this.featureName),u.buffer([et],this.featureName),s.buffer([\\\"setTimeout\\\"+Ye,\\\"clearTimeout\\\"+Ze,et],this.featureName),c.buffer([et,\\\"new-xhr\\\",\\\"send-xhr\\\"+Ze],this.featureName),d.buffer([Qe+Ze,Qe+\\\"-done\\\",Qe+Xe+Ze,Qe+Xe+Ye],this.featureName),l.buffer([\\\"newURL\\\"],this.featureName),f.buffer([et],this.featureName),a.buffer([\\\"propagate\\\",tt,$e,\\\"executor-err\\\",\\\"resolve\\\"+Ze],this.featureName),i.buffer([et,\\\"no-\\\"+et],this.featureName),o.buffer([\\\"new-jsonp\\\",\\\"cb-start\\\",\\\"jsonp-error\\\",\\\"jsonp-end\\\"],this.featureName),v(d,Qe+Ze),v(d,Qe+\\\"-done\\\"),v(o,\\\"new-jsonp\\\"),v(o,\\\"jsonp-end\\\"),v(o,\\\"cb-start\\\"),l.on(\\\"pushState-end\\\",h),l.on(\\\"replaceState-end\\\",h),window.addEventListener(\\\"hashchange\\\",h,(0,T.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener(\\\"load\\\",h,(0,T.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener(\\\"popstate\\\",(function(){h(0,n\u003e1)}),(0,T.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var it=i(3333);class ot extends b{static featureName=it.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,it.TZ,t);const r=[e.init.page_action.enabled,e.init.performance.capture_marks,e.init.performance.capture_measures,e.init.user_actions.enabled,e.init.performance.resources.enabled];if(p.RI\u0026\u0026(e.init.user_actions.enabled\u0026\u0026(it.Zp.forEach((e=\u003e(0,T.sp)(e,(e=\u003e(0,x.p)(\\\"ua\\\",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0))),it.qN.forEach((e=\u003e{const t=(0,v.s)((e=\u003e{(0,x.p)(\\\"ua\\\",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),500,{leading:!0});(0,T.sp)(e,t)}))),e.init.performance.resources.enabled\u0026\u0026p.gm.PerformanceObserver?.supportedEntryTypes.includes(\\\"resource\\\"))){new PerformanceObserver((e=\u003e{e.getEntries().forEach((e=\u003e{(0,x.p)(\\\"browserPerformance.resource\\\",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}))})).observe({type:\\\"resource\\\",buffered:!0})}r.some((e=\u003ee))?this.importAggregator(e):this.deregisterDrain()}}var at=i(993),st=i(3785);class ct extends b{static featureName=at.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,at.TZ,t);const r=this.ee;this.ee.on(\\\"wrap-logger-end\\\",(function([e]){const{level:t,customAttributes:n}=this;(0,st.R)(r,e,n,t)})),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t){super(),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,R.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(w),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=\u003ee.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||\\\"agent\\\"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=\u003ea.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=\u003e{if(!t[r.featureName]\u0026\u0026r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa\u0026\u0026r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa\u0026\u0026r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=\u003e!(e in this.features)));n.length\u003e0\u0026\u0026(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,R.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[he,w,N,Ne,Oe,O,M,ot,ct,Pe,nt],loaderType:\\\"spa\\\"})})()})();\\n\",\"google\",\"testAutomationFlags\",{\"_787\":24,\"_788\":24,\"_789\":24,\"_790\":24,\"_791\":24,\"_792\":24,\"_793\":24,\"_794\":24,\"_795\":24,\"_34\":24,\"_796\":24,\"_797\":162,\"_798\":162},\"disableAds\",\"disableIirisAuth\",\"disableWelcomeAd\",\"disableBigskyAd\",\"disableIirisRecommend\",\"disableDcts\",\"disableWeatherWidget\",\"disableCashGrainWidget\",\"disableCommoditiesWidget\",\"disableCookieBanner\",\"overrideBrandStyling\",\"overrideThemeStyling\",\"configState\",{\"_53\":54,\"_51\":52,\"_801\":8,\"_802\":-7,\"_803\":24,\"_698\":804,\"_808\":809,\"_811\":812,\"_825\":826},\"uiBrand\",\"colors\",\"isMarketsDivision\",{\"_7\":805,\"_806\":807},\"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blt3e63117d402385a5/6540f7a0c9a677040ac88e06/placeholder.svg\",\"contributor\",\"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/bltf573a3db8aace5de/653a7dfd8d60da0407d884d2/theme1_placeholder_avatar.png\",\"media\",{\"_810\":162},\"brightcoveAccountId\",\"newsletterSignupPromo\",{\"_813\":545,\"_814\":815},\"unbounceURL\",\"elnConfig\",{\"_816\":817},\"newsletter\",{\"_818\":819,\"_823\":824},\"subscribeForm\",{\"_104\":820,\"_821\":822},\"Subscribe to Our Newsletters\",\"subtitle\",\"Subtitle\",\"subscribeConfirm\",{\"_104\":820,\"_821\":822},\"proxyConfigs\",{\"_827\":24,\"_828\":162},\"proxyEnabled\",\"proxyRootPath\",\"brandConfig\",{\"_13\":14,\"_831\":14,\"_832\":10,\"_833\":834,\"_15\":16,\"_835\":836,\"_37\":839,\"_848\":849,\"_810\":162,\"_42\":43,\"_49\":854,\"_855\":856,\"_860\":815,\"_754\":779,\"_861\":862,\"_902\":903},\"siteFullName\",\"siteUrl\",\"siteDivision\",\"Informa Connect\",\"authentication\",{\"_62\":837},{\"_838\":32},\"configId\",{\"_840\":841,\"_843\":844,\"_845\":846,\"_62\":847},\"local\",{\"_39\":842},\"c0c70deb-8acc-4a4e-901a-bb865dd8f587-test\",\"preview\",{\"_39\":842},\"staging\",{\"_39\":40},{\"_39\":40},\"unbounce\",{\"_840\":850,\"_843\":851,\"_845\":852,\"_62\":853},{\"_58\":545},{\"_58\":545},{\"_58\":545},{\"_58\":545},{\"_7\":8,\"_51\":52,\"_53\":54},\"newsletterSignupPromoContent\",{\"_104\":820,\"_857\":162,\"_858\":859},\"message\",\"buttonText\",\"Sign Me Up\",\"eln\",\"iirisRecommendation\",{\"_863\":864,\"_865\":866,\"_867\":868,\"_869\":870,\"_871\":872,\"_873\":162,\"_874\":162,\"_875\":876,\"_877\":878,\"_879\":880,\"_881\":882,\"_883\":884,\"_885\":207,\"_886\":887,\"_888\":889,\"_890\":891,\"_892\":893,\"_894\":895,\"_896\":897,\"_898\":899,\"_900\":901},\"id\",\"widget-1708438882494\",\"division\",\"ic\",\"brandFamily\",\"lifesciences\",\"entityTagBackground\",\"#333333BF\",\"dateFormat\",\"DD/MM/YYYY\",\"showBy\",\"showTime\",\"borderRadius\",\"5\",\"imageWidth\",\"324\",\"imageHeight\",\"182\",\"dateTimeBgcolor\",\"#ffffff\",\"dateTimeFontColor\",\"#767676\",\"imagePosition\",\"dropShadow\",\"#FFEB00\",\"dateTimeFontsize\",\"12\",\"entityTagBorderColor\",\"#333333\",\"borderColor\",\"#e6e6e6\",\"showdate\",\"yes\",\"redirectMode\",\"same\",\"recipe\",\"related-items\",\"brandName\",\"bioprocessintl\",\"newrelic\",{\"_904\":905},\"guid\",\"MzkzNjM0OHxCUk9XU0VSfEFQUExJQ0FUSU9OfDUzODYwMDE5NQ\",\"routes/author.$slug\",{\"_908\":909,\"_1314\":1315,\"_1320\":1321,\"_1334\":1335,\"_1344\":-7},\"template\",{\"_910\":911,\"_926\":927,\"_932\":933,\"_937\":938,\"_960\":961,\"_1307\":1308},\"author\",{\"_154\":162,\"_156\":162,\"_58\":912,\"_104\":913,\"_914\":162,\"_915\":916,\"_917\":918},\"/author/robert-brackner\",\"Robert Brackner\",\"subTitle\",\"content\",[],\"socialInfo\",[919,922,924,925],{\"_58\":920,\"_86\":921},\"#\",\"Facebook\",{\"_58\":920,\"_86\":923},\"Instagram\",{\"_58\":920,\"_86\":87},{\"_58\":920,\"_86\":90},\"breadcrumbs\",[928,931],{\"_104\":929,\"_58\":930},\"Home\",\"/\",{\"_104\":913,\"_58\":912},\"pagination\",{\"_934\":935,\"_936\":935},\"totalCount\",1,\"currentPage\",\"contents\",[939],{\"_172\":940,\"_152\":941,\"_174\":944,\"_158\":950,\"_160\":950,\"_163\":951,\"_952\":953,\"_165\":166,\"_167\":954,\"_169\":162,\"_161\":162,\"_955\":162,\"_204\":956,\"_170\":431,\"_171\":432,\"_202\":203,\"_957\":-5,\"_958\":959},\"Journal\",{\"_154\":942,\"_156\":943},\"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blt6cdc09341f3f9869/6618520170af13d2a991ac90/labworker.jpg\",\"Clean room worker using a computer\",[945,949],{\"_56\":946,\"_178\":947,\"_180\":162,\"_948\":162},\"Rohin Iyer\",\"/author/rohin-iyer\",\"role\",{\"_56\":913,\"_178\":912,\"_180\":162,\"_948\":162},\"The Evolution of Medicine: Empowering Healthcare for the Delivery of Advanced Therapies\",\"/emerging-therapeutics-manufacturing/the-evolution-of-medicine-empowering-healthcare-for-the-delivery-of-advanced-therapies\",\"linkAttrs\",{},\"Apr 10, 2024\",\"articleBodyJsonSummary\",\"normal\",\"paidGating\",\"articleSize\",\"big\",\"sidebarModules\",[962,999,1103,1136,1155,1209],{\"_86\":963,\"_964\":965,\"_996\":997},\"module_content_cards\",\"data\",{\"_104\":637,\"_966\":162,\"_204\":967,\"_937\":968,\"_992\":993,\"_994\":993,\"_995\":-7},\"moduleLabel\",\"default\",[969,987],{\"_86\":970,\"_964\":971},\"contentPreview\",{\"_172\":972,\"_204\":973,\"_152\":974,\"_158\":977,\"_160\":977,\"_163\":978,\"_165\":978,\"_952\":979,\"_167\":370,\"_169\":162,\"_170\":984,\"_171\":985,\"_174\":986,\"_202\":203,\"_957\":-5},\"ExternalLink\",\"card-horizontal\",{\"_154\":975,\"_156\":976},\"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blt78e2c8c20086aef1/66b4fbe1593f0647e02b9a02/Website-ATE-Register-logo-2024-1280.png\",\"Ask the Expert webcasts\",\"Register Now: Light Boxes and Beyond: Maximizing Confidence in Clone Selection Using the Beacon Optofluidic System\",\"https://bpi.bioprocessintl.com/light-boxes-and-beyond-maximizing-confidence-in-clone-selection-using-the-beacon-optofluidic-system\",{\"_980\":981,\"_982\":983},\"target\",\"_blank\",\"rel\",\"nofollow\",\"ATE Webcasts\",\"/ate-webcasts\",[],{\"_86\":988,\"_964\":989},\"ad\",{\"_990\":991},\"pos\",\"native_right_1v\",\"dateDisplay\",\"hide\",\"contributorDisplay\",\"displayAd\",\"adConfig\",{\"_998\":26},\"nativeAdOption\",{\"_86\":1000,\"_964\":1001},\"module_content_spotlight\",{\"_204\":1002,\"_1003\":1004,\"_1005\":1006,\"_1007\":1008,\"_172\":940,\"_165\":166,\"_915\":1009},\"reversed\",\"mode\",\"light\",\"textAlignment\",\"center\",\"moduleDesign\",\"standard\",{\"_1010\":1011,\"_698\":1012,\"_1014\":1015,\"_1016\":1017,\"_1018\":1017,\"_1019\":1020,\"_161\":162,\"_1094\":162,\"_1095\":1096,\"_952\":1099,\"_163\":1098,\"_170\":1100,\"_171\":1101,\"_167\":1102,\"_957\":-5},\"keywords\",[],{\"_58\":1013,\"_687\":162},\"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blte0564586b5103a82/675a232c445975095a0b2eab/BWB-post-event-ebook-image.png\",\"summary\",\"Exclusive eBook\",\"heading\",\"eBook: Biotech Week Boston Post-event Report\",\"mobileHeading\",\"articleBody\",[1021,1027,1045,1051,1056,1061,1066,1077],{\"_86\":1022,\"_1023\":1024},\"paragraph\",\"attrs\",{\"_1025\":1026},\"textAlign\",\"left\",{\"_86\":1028,\"_1023\":1029,\"_915\":1031},\"figure\",{\"_1030\":-5},\"figcaption\",[1032],{\"_86\":698,\"_1023\":1033,\"_1038\":1039},{\"_1025\":1006,\"_154\":1013,\"_156\":1034,\"_104\":-5,\"_1035\":1036},\"BWB-post-event-ebook-image.png\",\"style\",{\"_1037\":1006},\"text-align\",\"marks\",[1040],{\"_86\":178,\"_1023\":1041},{\"_5\":1042,\"_980\":1043,\"_982\":-5,\"_1044\":-5},\"https://informa.turtl.co/story/bwb-post-event-report/page/1\",\"_self\",\"class\",{\"_86\":1022,\"_1023\":1046,\"_915\":1047},{\"_1025\":1026},[1048],{\"_86\":1049,\"_1049\":1050},\"text\",\"BPI East, part of Biotech Week Boston (BWB), took place the week of September 23, 2024. This ebook looks to combine much of the thought leadership lessons and technology innovations exhibited at the event by the many bioprocessing pioneers and third-party experts present with observations from our inhouse reporting team.\",{\"_86\":1022,\"_1023\":1052,\"_915\":1053},{\"_1025\":1026},[1054],{\"_86\":1049,\"_1049\":1055},\"On the upstream side, our associate technical editor Sarah Stefancin writes about the increasing demands for improved efficiency and output being called for at BPI East, with an emphasis on scalability, higher expression titers, smaller process footprints, and reduced overall cost of goods.\",{\"_86\":1022,\"_1023\":1057,\"_915\":1058},{\"_1025\":1026},[1059],{\"_86\":1049,\"_1049\":1060},\"The ‘Recovery and Purification’ track focused on advancements in the application of digital technologies, and managing editor Brian Gazaille reflects on how these are transforming the field by offering more efficient alternatives to time-consuming and resource-intensive methods.\",{\"_86\":1022,\"_1023\":1062,\"_915\":1063},{\"_1025\":1026},[1064],{\"_86\":1049,\"_1049\":1065},\"Editor-in-chief Cheryl Scott, meanwhile, focuses on the rapid transformation taking place in cell line development. The field is leveraging cutting-edge technologies in genetics, automation, and data science to enhance speed, efficiency, and product quality in upstream bioprocessing.\",{\"_86\":1022,\"_1023\":1067,\"_915\":1068},{\"_1025\":1026},[1069,1071,1075],{\"_86\":1049,\"_1049\":1070},\"Finally, this ebook contains a host of other content taken from BPI East, and our \",{\"_86\":1049,\"_1038\":1072,\"_1049\":485},[1073],{\"_86\":1074},\"italic\",{\"_86\":1049,\"_1049\":1076},\" editorial team were also in attendance, bringing daily reports and recaps from the conference and exhibit hall while moderating fireside chats and panel discussions.\",{\"_86\":1022,\"_1023\":1078,\"_915\":1079},{\"_1025\":1026},[1080,1084,1090],{\"_86\":1049,\"_1038\":1081,\"_1049\":1083},[1082],{\"_86\":1074},\"Read the full eBook \",{\"_86\":1049,\"_1038\":1085,\"_1049\":1089},[1086,1088],{\"_86\":178,\"_1023\":1087},{\"_5\":1042,\"_980\":981,\"_982\":-5,\"_1044\":-5},{\"_86\":1074},\"here\",{\"_86\":1049,\"_1038\":1091,\"_1049\":1093},[1092],{\"_86\":1074},\".\",\"body\",\"callToAction\",{\"_1049\":1097,\"_58\":1098},\"Read Now\",\"/event-report/ebook-biotech-week-boston-post-event-report\",{},\"Event Report\",\"/event-report\",\"2024-12-11T23:30:11.000Z\",{\"_86\":1104,\"_964\":1105},\"module_link_list\",{\"_1106\":1107,\"_1108\":1109,\"_1110\":1111,\"_1112\":162,\"_1113\":1114,\"_701\":24,\"_1117\":1118},\"listOption\",\"Dynamic\",\"listTitle\",\"Insider News\",\"icon\",\"News\",\"externalFeed\",\"ctaButton\",{\"_1115\":706,\"_1116\":127},\"ctaButtonLink\",\"ctaButtonText\",\"articles\",[1119,1125,1127,1132],{\"_172\":173,\"_104\":517,\"_58\":519,\"_1120\":24,\"_1121\":525,\"_1122\":1123,\"_1124\":162,\"_169\":162},\"isExternalLink\",\"readTime\",\"publishedDate\",\"2025-02-14T23:17:22.000Z\",\"eventDate\",{\"_172\":173,\"_104\":530,\"_58\":532,\"_1120\":24,\"_1121\":525,\"_1122\":1126,\"_1124\":162,\"_169\":162},\"2025-02-14T21:57:48.000Z\",{\"_172\":173,\"_104\":1128,\"_58\":1129,\"_1120\":24,\"_1121\":1130,\"_1122\":1131,\"_1124\":162,\"_169\":162},\"Ins \u0026 Outs: New year, new bosses at Sanofi, Gilead, and Roche\",\"/facilities-capacity/ins-outs-new-year-new-bosses-at-sanofi-gilead-and-roche\",3,\"2025-02-13T16:40:37.000Z\",{\"_172\":173,\"_104\":1133,\"_58\":1134,\"_1120\":24,\"_1121\":525,\"_1122\":1135,\"_1124\":162,\"_169\":162},\"CDMO Axplora bets €50M on ADC and GLP-1 growth\",\"/facilities-capacity/cdmo-axplora-bets-50m-on-adc-and-glp-1-growth\",\"2025-02-13T16:28:14.000Z\",{\"_86\":1137,\"_964\":1138},\"module_event_promo\",{\"_104\":1139,\"_1140\":1141,\"_1142\":162,\"_1143\":1144,\"_1145\":26,\"_1146\":1147,\"_1148\":162,\"_167\":1149,\"_99\":1150,\"_1151\":1152,\"_1153\":1154},\"Join Us\",\"logoPosition\",\"Left\",\"backgroundImage\",\"backgroundColor\",\"noBackground\",\"isConstrained\",\"logoSrc\",\"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/bltfee784f6360b2d51/678aa07a35292b921aba81a8/BPI-West-LOGO-Color-e53168fc9b9a7cd528a6bb0fd448dbf7.png\",\"logoAlt\",\"Mar 18 - Mar 21, 2025\",\"SLASH TIME FROM BENCH TO BEDSIDE: Cutting-edge biomanufacturing for mAbs, vaccines, and advanced therapies. Bright ideas, bold science, and big innovations—delivering efficiency, precision, and quality through every phase of bioprocessing.\",\"btnCTAText\",\"Learn More\",\"btnCTALink\",\"https://informaconnect.com/bpi-west/?vip_code=BPIPUB\u0026utm_source=bpi-publication\u0026utm_medium=web-calendar\",{\"_86\":963,\"_964\":1156,\"_996\":1208},{\"_104\":1157,\"_966\":162,\"_204\":967,\"_937\":1158,\"_992\":1207,\"_994\":1207,\"_995\":-7},\"Innovative Technology\",[1159,1175,1178,1191,1204],{\"_86\":970,\"_964\":1160},{\"_172\":1161,\"_204\":973,\"_152\":1162,\"_158\":1165,\"_160\":1165,\"_163\":1166,\"_165\":1166,\"_952\":1167,\"_167\":1168,\"_169\":162,\"_170\":243,\"_171\":920,\"_174\":1169,\"_202\":935,\"_957\":1171},\"Document\",{\"_154\":1163,\"_156\":1164},\"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blt0c75b2e6cacfdab6/6798002859f03084e8a7edad/PG3042-PJT12153-BAN-9484668-SUPP-BPI-Peptones-Global-F_1280x720.jpg\",\"Thermo Fisher Scientific peptones white paper\",\"The Value of Peptones for Enhancing Biopharmaceutical Productivity\",\"/sponsored-content/the-value-of-peptones-for-enhancing-biopharmaceutical-productivity\",{},\"Jan 27, 2025\",[1170],{\"_56\":248,\"_178\":249,\"_180\":920},{\"_1172\":24,\"_1173\":1174},\"paidContent\",\"paidProductTaxonomy\",[],{\"_86\":988,\"_964\":1176},{\"_990\":1177},\"native_right_2v\",{\"_86\":970,\"_964\":1179},{\"_172\":1161,\"_204\":973,\"_152\":1180,\"_158\":1183,\"_160\":1183,\"_163\":1184,\"_165\":1184,\"_952\":1185,\"_167\":1186,\"_169\":162,\"_170\":243,\"_171\":920,\"_174\":1187,\"_202\":935,\"_957\":1189},{\"_154\":1181,\"_156\":1182},\"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blt94d66e28e602c50b/678015372903332be28014d5/White_paper_Image_NAGASE_1280x720.png\",\"Nagase Trehalose SG\",\"Innovative Impurity Reduction in Harvesting Process With TREHALOSE SG\",\"/sponsored-content/innovative-impurity-reduction-in-harvesting-process-with-trehalose-sg\",{},\"Jan 9, 2025\",[1188],{\"_56\":248,\"_178\":249,\"_180\":920},{\"_1172\":24,\"_1173\":1190},[],{\"_86\":970,\"_964\":1192},{\"_172\":1161,\"_204\":973,\"_152\":1193,\"_158\":1196,\"_160\":1196,\"_163\":1197,\"_165\":1197,\"_952\":1198,\"_167\":1199,\"_169\":162,\"_170\":243,\"_171\":920,\"_174\":1200,\"_202\":935,\"_957\":1202},{\"_154\":1194,\"_156\":1195},\"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/bltd1190449269f50e8/674f48457f3a37e6bafde3a8/BPI_Multimedia2.png\",\"Bruker Tornado Spectroscopy\",\"Monitoring and Controlling Upstream Bioprocesses with Raman Spectroscopy\",\"/sponsored-content/monitoring-and-controlling-upstream-bioprocesses-with-raman-spectroscopy\",{},\"Dec 1, 2024\",[1201],{\"_56\":248,\"_178\":249,\"_180\":920},{\"_1172\":24,\"_1173\":1203},[],{\"_86\":988,\"_964\":1205},{\"_990\":1206},\"native_right_4v\",\"show\",{\"_998\":26},{\"_86\":1000,\"_964\":1210},{\"_204\":1002,\"_1003\":1004,\"_1005\":1026,\"_1007\":1008,\"_172\":940,\"_165\":166,\"_915\":1211},{\"_1010\":1212,\"_698\":1213,\"_1014\":1216,\"_1016\":1217,\"_1018\":1217,\"_1019\":1218,\"_161\":162,\"_1094\":162,\"_1095\":1303,\"_952\":1305,\"_163\":1304,\"_170\":243,\"_171\":920,\"_167\":1306,\"_957\":-5},[],{\"_58\":1214,\"_687\":1215},\"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/bltbec647860dbfe41c/67589093a398c3252178bc88/23-1-2-CR-BeckmanCoulter-Cover-Wide.png\",\"Beckman Coulter special report\",\"Special Report\",\"Redefining Cell Line Development with a New Automated Clone Screening System\",[1219,1221,1234,1240,1245,1250,1296],{\"_86\":1022,\"_1023\":1220},{\"_1025\":1026},{\"_86\":1028,\"_1023\":1222,\"_915\":1223},{\"_1030\":-5},[1224],{\"_86\":698,\"_1023\":1225},{\"_1025\":1006,\"_154\":1226,\"_156\":1227,\"_104\":-5,\"_1035\":1228},\"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt0a48a1f3edca9eb0/blte074ec51357e217a/6751ec7eb69d334d1295ac23/23-1-2-CR-BeckmanCoulter-Cover-Border.png\",\"23-1-2-CR-BeckmanCoulter-Cover-Border.png\",{\"_1229\":1230,\"_1231\":1230,\"_1232\":1233,\"_1037\":1006},\"max-width\",\"238px\",\"width\",\"height\",\"auto\",{\"_86\":1016,\"_1023\":1235,\"_915\":1237},{\"_1025\":1026,\"_1236\":525},\"level\",[1238],{\"_86\":1049,\"_1049\":1239},\"New Cydem VT Automated Clone Screening System\",{\"_86\":1022,\"_1023\":1241,\"_915\":1242},{\"_1025\":1026},[1243],{\"_86\":1049,\"_1049\":1244},\"The Cydem VT system combines multiple trusted Beckman Coulter Life Sciences technologies into one advanced platform that empowers lab managers with a far more effective, higher-throughput method for top clone screening in Cell Line Development—offering increased confidence that promising clones don’t get overlooked in the process of consistently selecting the best. \",{\"_86\":1022,\"_1023\":1246,\"_915\":1247},{\"_1025\":1026},[1248],{\"_86\":1049,\"_1049\":1249},\"Key features:\",{\"_86\":1251,\"_915\":1252},\"bulletList\",[1253,1261,1268,1275,1282,1289],{\"_86\":1254,\"_915\":1255},\"listItem\",[1256],{\"_86\":1022,\"_1023\":1257,\"_915\":1258},{\"_1025\":1026},[1259],{\"_86\":1049,\"_1049\":1260},\"High-throughput clone screening in cell line development\",{\"_86\":1254,\"_915\":1262},[1263],{\"_86\":1022,\"_1023\":1264,\"_915\":1265},{\"_1025\":1026},[1266],{\"_86\":1049,\"_1049\":1267},\"Automated, walk-away operation\",{\"_86\":1254,\"_915\":1269},[1270],{\"_86\":1022,\"_1023\":1271,\"_915\":1272},{\"_1025\":1026},[1273],{\"_86\":1049,\"_1049\":1274},\"All results in one software\",{\"_86\":1254,\"_915\":1276},[1277],{\"_86\":1022,\"_1023\":1278,\"_915\":1279},{\"_1025\":1026},[1280],{\"_86\":1049,\"_1049\":1281},\"pH-controlled fed-batch cultivation of 96 parallel clones with individual gassing\",{\"_86\":1254,\"_915\":1283},[1284],{\"_86\":1022,\"_1023\":1285,\"_915\":1286},{\"_1025\":1026},[1287],{\"_86\":1049,\"_1049\":1288},\"On-deck cell count, viability and antibody titer analysis\",{\"_86\":1254,\"_915\":1290},[1291],{\"_86\":1022,\"_1023\":1292,\"_915\":1293},{\"_1025\":1026},[1294],{\"_86\":1049,\"_1049\":1295},\"Fully integrated system.\",{\"_86\":1022,\"_1023\":1297,\"_915\":1298},{\"_1025\":1026},[1299],{\"_86\":1049,\"_1038\":1300,\"_1049\":1302},[1301],{\"_86\":1074},\"Register or Login and hit Download Now to get the full Special Report.\",{\"_1049\":1097,\"_58\":1304},\"/sponsored-content/redefining-cell-line-development-with-a-new-automated-clone-screening-system\",{},\"2024-12-05T17:09:12.000Z\",\"newsletterSignUpPromo\",{\"_104\":1309,\"_857\":1310,\"_1311\":1312,\"_858\":544,\"_204\":207,\"_1003\":1313},\"Subscribe to receive our monthly print or digital publication\",\"Join our 70,000+ readers. And yes, it's completely free.\",\"newsletterId\",\"blt78128aabb2e0dd70\",\"dark\",\"metadata\",{\"_1316\":1317,\"_1318\":1319},\"uid\",\"blted85dc79c3d4d133\",\"aid\",\"921067\",\"schema\",[1322],{\"_1323\":1324,\"_1325\":1326,\"_1327\":1328},\"@context\",\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\",\"ProfilePage\",\"mainEntity\",{\"_1325\":1329,\"_56\":913,\"_99\":1330,\"_698\":162,\"_1331\":162,\"_1332\":1333},\"Person\",\"Robert Brackner, \",\"disambiguatingDescription\",\"sameAs\",[],\"seo\",{\"_1336\":1337,\"_1338\":1339,\"_1340\":913,\"_1341\":24,\"_1342\":1343,\"_13\":14},\"canonicalUrl\",\"https://www.bioprocessintl.com/author/robert-brackner\",\"metaDescription\",\"Explore the latest news and expert commentary by Robert Brackner, brought to you by the Contributor of BioProcess International.\",\"metaTitle\",\"noIndex\",\"imageUrl\",\"https://www.bioprocessintl.com/assets/bioprocessinternational-cCCxUsOM.ico\",\"weatherWidgetConfig\",\"actionData\",\"errors\"]\n");</script><template id="B:1"></template></div><script>$RC=function(b,c,e){c=document.getElementById(c);c.parentNode.removeChild(c);var a=document.getElementById(b);if(a){b=a.previousSibling;if(e)b.data="$!",a.setAttribute("data-dgst",e);else{e=b.parentNode;a=b.nextSibling;var f=0;do{if(a&&8===a.nodeType){var d=a.data;if("/$"===d)if(0===f)break;else f--;else"$"!==d&&"$?"!==d&&"$!"!==d||f++}d=a.nextSibling;e.removeChild(a);a=d}while(a);for(;c.firstChild;)e.insertBefore(c.firstChild,a);b.data="$"}b._reactRetry&&b._reactRetry()}};$RC("B:0","S:0")</script><div hidden id="S:1"><script>window.__reactRouterContext.streamController.close();</script></div><script>$RC("B:1","S:1")</script></body></html>