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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Steel_for_Roman_weaponry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Steel_for_Roman_weaponry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Steel for Roman weaponry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Steel_for_Roman_weaponry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roman_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Roman rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roman_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_modern_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_modern_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>In modern politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_modern_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Episcopal_sees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Episcopal_sees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Episcopal sees</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Episcopal_sees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_and_cited_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_and_cited_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>General and cited references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_and_cited_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Noricum</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 51 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noricum" title="Noricum – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Noricum" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%96%E1%88%AA%E1%8A%A9%E1%88%9D" title="ኖሪኩም – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኖሪኩም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85" title="نوريكوم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نوريكوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Норык – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Норык" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Норик – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Норик" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noricum" title="Noricum – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Noricum" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noricum" title="Noricum – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Noricum" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B2ric" title="Nòric – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nòric" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noricum" title="Noricum – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Noricum" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noricum" title="Noricum – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Noricum" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noricum" title="Noricum – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Noricum" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noricum" title="Noricum – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Noricum" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noricum" title="Noricum – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Noricum" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CF%89%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C" title="Νωρικό – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νωρικό" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B3rico" title="Nórico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nórico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noricum" title="Noricum – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Noricum" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norika" title="Norika – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Norika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%85" title="نوریکوم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نوریکوم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norique" title="Norique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Norique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B3rico" title="Nórico – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nórico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BC" title="𐌽𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌿𐌼 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌽𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌿𐌼" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%BF%B0" title="노리쿰 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="노리쿰" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%AF" title="Նորիկ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նորիկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norik" title="Norik – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Norik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norikum" title="Norikum – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Norikum" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norico" title="Norico – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Norico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9D" title="נוריקום – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נוריקום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Норик – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Норик" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noricum" title="Noricum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Noricum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norika" title="Norika – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Norika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norikas" title="Norikas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Norikas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noricum" title="Noricum – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Noricum" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B4riko" title="Nôriko – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Nôriko" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noricum" title="Noricum – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Noricum" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8E%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A0" title="ノリクム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ノリクム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noricum" title="Noricum – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Noricum" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiaume_de_Norica" title="Reiaume de Norica – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Reiaume de Norica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noricum" title="Noricum – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Noricum" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B3rica" title="Nórica – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nórica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noricum" title="Noricum – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Noricum" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Норік – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Норік" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Норик – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Норик" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noriku" title="Noriku – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Noriku" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nori%C5%A1ko_kraljestvo" title="Noriško kraljestvo – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Noriško kraljestvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Норик – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Норик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norik" title="Norik – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Norik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noricum" title="Noricum – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Noricum" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noricum" title="Noricum – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Noricum" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noricum" title="Noricum – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Noricum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA_(%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Норик (країна) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Норик (країна)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Noricum%22">"Noricum"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Noricum%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Noricum%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Noricum%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Noricum%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Noricum%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 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0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-native{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms td{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms table{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms tbody tr:first-child td{width:50%;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}</style><table class="infobox ib-former-subdiv vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Province of Noricum<div class="ib-former-subdiv-native nickname"><span style="font-size:120%"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r920966791">.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}</style><span class="smallcaps">Provincia Noricum</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader category"><a href="/wiki/Roman_province" title="Roman province">Province</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader category">16 BC–476</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Roman_Empire_-_Noricum_(125_AD).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Roman_Empire_-_Noricum_%28125_AD%29.svg/220px-Roman_Empire_-_Noricum_%28125_AD%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Roman_Empire_-_Noricum_%28125_AD%29.svg/330px-Roman_Empire_-_Noricum_%28125_AD%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Roman_Empire_-_Noricum_%28125_AD%29.svg/440px-Roman_Empire_-_Noricum_%28125_AD%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2186" data-file-height="1817" /></a></span><br />The province of Noricum in 125, in the reign of emperor <a href="/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian">Hadrian</a>.</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Virunum" title="Virunum">Virunum</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_history" title="Ancient history">Antiquity</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Incorporated into the province </div></th><td class="infobox-data">16 BC</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Divided to Noricum Ripense and Noricum Mediterraneum </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 296</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Odoacer" title="Odoacer">Odoacer</a>'s conquest and incorporated with his <a href="/wiki/Odoacer#Duke_of_Italy" title="Odoacer">Italian Realm</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">476</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Regnum_Noricum" title="Regnum Noricum">Kingdom of Noricum</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Noricum_Ripense" class="mw-redirect" title="Noricum Ripense">Noricum Ripense</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg/20px-Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg/30px-Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg/40px-Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="245" data-file-height="343" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Noricum_Mediterraneum" class="mw-redirect" title="Noricum Mediterraneum">Noricum Mediterraneum</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg/20px-Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg/30px-Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg/40px-Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="245" data-file-height="343" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Odoacer#King_of_Italy" title="Odoacer">Kingdom of Italy</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Noricum_SPQR.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Noricum_SPQR.png/300px-Noricum_SPQR.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Noricum_SPQR.png/450px-Noricum_SPQR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Noricum_SPQR.png/600px-Noricum_SPQR.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="548" /></a><figcaption>Roman province of Noricum highlighted</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Austria" title="Category:History of Austria">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Austria" title="History of Austria">History of <span class="fn org label">Austria</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Austria_coat_of_arms_official.svg/50px-Austria_coat_of_arms_official.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Austria_coat_of_arms_official.svg/75px-Austria_coat_of_arms_official.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Austria_coat_of_arms_official.svg/100px-Austria_coat_of_arms_official.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="132" data-file-height="180" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">Early history</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hallstatt_culture" title="Hallstatt culture">Hallstatt culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celts</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Noricum" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Noricum">Kingdom of Noricum</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Era</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Noricum</a> - <a href="/wiki/Pannonia" title="Pannonia">Pannonia</a> - <a href="/wiki/Raetia" title="Raetia">Raetia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugiland" title="Rugiland">Rugiland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(476-493)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Italy (476-493)">Odoacer's Kingdom of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostrogothic_Kingdom" title="Ostrogothic Kingdom">Ostrogothic Kingdom</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">Early Middle Ages</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marcomanni" title="Marcomanni">Marcomanni</a> - <a href="/wiki/Lombards" title="Lombards">Lombards</a> - <a href="/wiki/Baiuvarii" title="Baiuvarii">Baiuvarii</a> - <a href="/wiki/Suebi" title="Suebi">Suebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avars_(Carpathians)" class="mw-redirect" title="Avars (Carpathians)">Avars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carantania" title="Carantania">Carantania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankish_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankish Kingdom">Frankish Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Francia" title="East Francia">East Francia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Austria" title="Margraviate of Austria">Margraviate of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Babenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Babenberg">House of Babenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privilegium_Minus" title="Privilegium Minus">Privilegium Minus</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">Middle Ages</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Archbishopric_of_Salzburg" title="Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg">Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Austria" title="Duchy of Austria">Duchy of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Styria" title="Duchy of Styria">Duchy of Styria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Carinthia" title="Duchy of Carinthia">Duchy of Carinthia</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">Early modern period</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archduchy_of_Austria" title="Archduchy of Austria">Archduchy of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburg empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">German Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">World War I</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Archduke_Franz_Ferdinand_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria">Assassination of Franz Ferdinand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Austria-Hungary_during_World_War_I" title="History of Austria-Hungary during World War I">History of Austria-Hungary during World War I</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">Interwar years</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_German-Austria" title="Republic of German-Austria">Republic of German-Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Austrian_Republic" title="First Austrian Republic">First Austrian Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Civil_War" title="Austrian Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrofascism" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrofascism">Austrofascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_State_of_Austria" title="Federal State of Austria">Federal State of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Anschluss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostmark_(Austria)" title="Ostmark (Austria)">Ostmark (Austria)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">World War II</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austria_in_the_time_of_National_Socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Austria in the time of National Socialism">National Socialism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">Post-war Austria</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied-occupied_Austria" title="Allied-occupied Austria">Allied-occupied Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Second Austrian Republic</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">Topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Austria" title="History of the Jews in Austria">Jews</a> (<a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Vienna" title="History of the Jews in Vienna">Vienna</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic history of Austria">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_football_in_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="History of football 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar nomobile vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Slovenia" title="Category:History of Slovenia">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Slovenia" title="History of Slovenia">History of <span class="fn org label">Slovenia</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Slovenia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Coat_of_arms_of_Slovenia.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Coat_of_arms_of_Slovenia.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Coat_of_arms_of_Slovenia.svg/160px-Coat_of_arms_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="511" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Italy" title="Roman Italy">Italy</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Noricum</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pannonia" title="Pannonia">Pannonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_settlement_of_the_Eastern_Alps" title="Slavic settlement of the Eastern Alps">Slavic settlement of the Eastern Alps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Avars" title="Pannonian Avars">Avars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samo%27s_Empire" title="Samo's Empire">Samo's Realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carantania" title="Carantania">Carantania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carniola" title="Carniola">Carneola</a></li> <li><a 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the Slovene Lands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Slovenia" title="Socialist Republic of Slovenia">Socialist Republic of Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten-Day_War" title="Ten-Day War">Ten-Day War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Republic of Slovenia</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/16px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/24px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Slovenia" title="Portal:Slovenia">Slovenia portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Slovenia" title="Template:History of Slovenia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Slovenia" title="Template talk:History of Slovenia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Slovenia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Slovenia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Noricum</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ɒr/: 'or' in 'moral'">ɒr</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span></span>/</a></span></span>) is the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> name for the kingdom or federation of tribes<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that included most of modern <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> and part of <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>. In the first century AD, it became a <a href="/wiki/Roman_province" title="Roman province">province</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>. Its borders were the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> to the north, <a href="/wiki/Raetia" title="Raetia">Raetia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vindelici" title="Vindelici">Vindelici</a> to the west, <a href="/wiki/Pannonia" title="Pannonia">Pannonia</a> to the east and south-east, and <a href="/wiki/Roman_Italy" title="Roman Italy">Italia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Venetia_et_Histria" title="Venetia et Histria">Venetia et Histria</a>) to the south. The kingdom was founded around 400 BC, and had its capital at the royal residence at <a href="/wiki/Virunum" title="Virunum">Virunum</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Magdalensberg" title="Magdalensberg">Magdalensberg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Area_and_population">Area and population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noricum&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Area and population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Around 800 BC, the region was inhabited mostly by the people of the <a href="/wiki/Hallstatt_culture" title="Hallstatt culture">Hallstatt culture</a>. Around 450 BC, they merged with the people of other areas in the south-western regions of Germany and <a href="/wiki/La_T%C3%A8ne_culture" title="La Tène culture">eastern France</a>. </p><p>The country is mountainous and rich in iron and salt. It supplied material for the manufacturing of arms in Pannonia, <a href="/wiki/Moesia" title="Moesia">Moesia</a>, and northern Italy. The famous <a href="/wiki/Noric_steel" title="Noric steel">Noric steel</a> was largely used in the making of Roman weapons (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Horace" title="Horace">Horace</a>, <i>Odes</i>, i.16.9-10: <i>Noricus ensis</i>, "a Noric sword"). Gold<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and salt<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> were found in considerable quantities. The plant called saliunca (the wild <a href="/wiki/Nard_(plant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nard (plant)">nard</a>, a relative of the lavender) grew in abundance and was used as a <a href="/wiki/Perfume" title="Perfume">perfume</a> according to <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The inhabitants developed a culture rich in art, salt mining, cattle breeding, and agriculture. When part of the area became a <a href="/wiki/Roman_province" title="Roman province">Roman province</a>, the Romans introduced water management and the already important trade relations between the people north and south of the Alps increased. </p><p>Archaeological research, particularly in the cemeteries of <a href="/wiki/Hallstatt" title="Hallstatt">Hallstatt</a>, has shown that a vigorous civilization was in the area centuries before recorded history. The graves contained weapons and ornaments from the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a>, through the period of transition, up to the Hallstatt culture, i.e., the fully developed older period of the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language">Language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noricum&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Noric_language" title="Noric language">Noric language</a> is attested in only fragmentary inscriptions, one from <a href="/wiki/Ptuj" title="Ptuj">Ptuj</a><sup id="cite_ref-Eichner_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eichner-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and two from <a href="/wiki/Grafenstein" title="Grafenstein">Grafenstein</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Eska_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eska-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> neither of which provide enough information for any conclusions about the nature of the language.<sup id="cite_ref-Eichner_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eichner-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Eska_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eska-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noricum&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Steel_for_Roman_weaponry">Steel for Roman weaponry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noricum&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Steel for Roman weaponry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Noricum_Kugelreiter_type_88000571.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Noricum_Kugelreiter_type_88000571.jpg/220px-Noricum_Kugelreiter_type_88000571.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Noricum_Kugelreiter_type_88000571.jpg/330px-Noricum_Kugelreiter_type_88000571.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Noricum_Kugelreiter_type_88000571.jpg/440px-Noricum_Kugelreiter_type_88000571.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="395" /></a><figcaption>Coin of Noricum, mid-2nd century BC</figcaption></figure> <p>The kingdom of Noricum was a major provider of weaponry for the <a href="/wiki/Roman_army" title="Roman army">Roman army</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Roman_army_of_the_mid-Republic" title="Roman army of the mid-Republic">mid-Republic</a> onwards. <a href="/wiki/Gladius" title="Gladius">Roman swords</a> were made of the best-quality steel then available from this region, the <i><a href="/wiki/Noric_steel" title="Noric steel">chalybs Noricus</a></i>. The strength of steel is determined by its composition and heat treatment. The <a href="/wiki/Wrought_iron" title="Wrought iron">wrought iron</a> produced in the <a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_world" title="Greco-Roman world">Greco-Roman world</a> was too soft for tools and weapons. Ore from Noricum, by contrast, could yield a superior product. The ore needed to be rich in <a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">manganese</a> (an element which remains essential in modern steelmaking processes), and contain little or no <a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus">phosphorus</a>, which weakens steel.<sup id="cite_ref-Buchwald_2005_124_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buchwald_2005_124-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ore mined in <a href="/wiki/Carinthia" title="Carinthia">Carinthia</a> (S. Noricum) fulfilled both criteria particularly well.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Noricum discovered their ore made superior steel around 500 BC and built a major steel industry.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At <a href="/wiki/Magdalensberg" title="Magdalensberg">Magdalensberg</a>, a major production and trading centre, specialised blacksmiths crafted metal products and weapons. The finished arms were exported to <a href="/wiki/Aquileia" title="Aquileia">Aquileia</a>, a Roman colony founded in 180 BC. </p><p>From 200 BC, the Noricum tribes gradually united into a kingdom, known as the <a href="/wiki/Regnum_Noricum" title="Regnum Noricum">Regnum Noricum</a>, with its capital at a place called <a href="/wiki/Noreia" title="Noreia">Noreia</a>. Noricum became a key ally of the Roman Republic, providing high-quality weapons and tools in exchange for military protection. This was demonstrated in 113 BC, when <a href="/wiki/Teutones" class="mw-redirect" title="Teutones">Teutones</a> invaded Noricum. In response, the Roman consul <a href="/wiki/Gnaeus_Papirius_Carbo_(consul_113_BC)" title="Gnaeus Papirius Carbo (consul 113 BC)">Gnaeus Papirius Carbo</a> led an army over the Alps to attack the tribes at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Noreia" title="Battle of Noreia">Noreia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roman_rule">Roman rule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noricum&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Roman rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Noricum was incorporated into the Roman Empire in 16 BC. For a long time previously, the Noricans had enjoyed independence under <a href="/wiki/Prince" title="Prince">princes</a> of their own and carried on commerce with the Romans. In 48 BC they took the side of <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> in the civil war against <a href="/wiki/Pompey" title="Pompey">Pompey</a>. In 16 BC, having joined with the Pannonians in invading <a href="/wiki/Istria" title="Istria">Histria</a>, they were defeated by <a href="/wiki/Publius_Silius_Nerva" title="Publius Silius Nerva">Publius Silius Nerva</a>, proconsul of <a href="/wiki/Illyricum_(Roman_province)" title="Illyricum (Roman province)">Illyricum</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Thereafter, Noricum became a Roman province. It was not until the reign of <a href="/wiki/Antoninus_Pius" title="Antoninus Pius">Antoninus Pius</a> that the <a href="/wiki/Legio_II_Italica" title="Legio II Italica">Second Legion, <i>Pia</i></a> (later renamed <i>Italica</i>) was stationed in Noricum, and the commander of the legion became the governor of the province.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Under <a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a> (245–313), Noricum was divided into <i>Noricum ripense</i> ("Noricum along the river", the northern part southward from the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a>), and <i>Noricum mediterraneum</i> ("landlocked Noricum", the southern, more mountainous district). The dividing line ran along the central part of the eastern Alps.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each division was under a <a href="/wiki/Praeses" title="Praeses">praeses</a>, and both belonged to the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Pannonia" title="Diocese of Pannonia">diocese of Illyricum</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefecture_of_Italy" title="Praetorian prefecture of Italy">Praetorian prefecture of Italy</a>. It was in this time (304 AD) that a Christian serving as a military officer in the province suffered martyrdom for the sake of his faith, later canonised as <a href="/wiki/Saint_Florian" title="Saint Florian">Saint Florian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Roman colonies and chief towns were <i><a href="/wiki/Virunum" title="Virunum">Virunum</a></i> (near <a href="/wiki/Maria_Saal" title="Maria Saal">Maria Saal</a> to the north of <a href="/wiki/Klagenfurt" class="mw-redirect" title="Klagenfurt">Klagenfurt</a>), <i><a href="/wiki/Teurnia" title="Teurnia">Teurnia</a></i> (near <a href="/wiki/Spittal_an_der_Drau" title="Spittal an der Drau">Spittal an der Drau</a>), <i><a href="/wiki/Flavia_Solva" title="Flavia Solva">Flavia Solva</a></i> (near <a href="/wiki/Leibnitz" title="Leibnitz">Leibnitz</a>), <i>Celeia</i> (<a href="/wiki/Celje" title="Celje">Celje</a>) in today's Slovenia, <i>Juvavum</i> (<a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a>), <i>Ovilava</i> (<a href="/wiki/Wels" title="Wels">Wels</a>), <i>Lauriacum</i> (<a href="/wiki/Enns_(town)#Geography" title="Enns (town)">Lorch</a> at the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Enns_(river)" title="Enns (river)">Enns</a>, the ancient <i><a href="/wiki/Latin_names_of_European_rivers" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin names of European rivers">Anisus</a></i>). </p><p>Knowledge of Roman Noricum has been decisively expanded by the work of <a href="/wiki/Richard_Knabl" title="Richard Knabl">Richard Knabl</a>, an Austrian <a href="/wiki/Epigraphy" title="Epigraphy">epigrapher</a> of the 19th century. </p><p>The transition from Roman to barbarian rule in Noricum is well documented in <a href="/wiki/Eugippius" title="Eugippius">Eugippius</a>' <i>Life of <a href="/wiki/Severinus_of_Noricum" title="Severinus of Noricum">Saint Severinus</a></i>, providing material for analogies for this process in other regions where primary sources from the period are lacking.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_modern_politics">In modern politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noricum&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: In modern politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1919, <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Lammasch" title="Heinrich Lammasch">Heinrich Lammasch</a>, the last prime minister of Imperial Austria, proposed to give the young republic the name of <i>Norische Republik</i> or <i>Noric Republic</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> because the ancient borders were similar to those of the new state, which—at the time—did not wish to be considered the heir of the Habsburg monarchy, but an independent, neutral and peaceful state.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Episcopal_sees">Episcopal sees</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noricum&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Episcopal sees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Episcopal sees of Noricum that are now listed in the <i><a href="/wiki/Annuario_Pontificio" title="Annuario Pontificio">Annuario Pontificio</a></i> as <a href="/wiki/Titular_see" title="Titular see">titular sees</a> include:<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aguntum" title="Aguntum">Aguntum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virunum" title="Virunum">Virunum</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noricum&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Noricum" title="List of Roman governors of Noricum">List of Roman governors of Noricum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varisci" title="Varisci">Varisci</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noricum&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMackensen,_Michael1975" class="citation journal cs1">Mackensen, Michael (1975). "The state of research on the 'Norican' silver coinage". <i>World Archaeology</i>. <b>6</b> (3): 249–275. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00438243.1975.9979607">10.1080/00438243.1975.9979607</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/124094">124094</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Archaeology&rft.atitle=The+state+of+research+on+the+%27Norican%27+silver+coinage&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=249-275&rft.date=1975&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00438243.1975.9979607&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F124094%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Mackensen%2C+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoricum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeather2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Heather" title="Peter Heather">Heather, Peter</a> (2010). <i>The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History</i>. Macmillan. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_Jntu21N9K0C&pg=PA407">407</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fall+of+the+Roman+Empire%3A+A+New+History&rft.pages=407&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Heather&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoricum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCunliffe1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Cunliffe" title="Barry Cunliffe">Cunliffe, Barry</a> (1997). <i>The Ancient Celts</i>. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. p. 218. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-815010-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-815010-7"><bdi>978-0-19-815010-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ancient+Celts&rft.place=Oxford%2C+England&rft.pages=218&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-19-815010-7&rft.aulast=Cunliffe&rft.aufirst=Barry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoricum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">From a statement of Polybius, in his own time in consequence of the great output of gold from a mine in Noricum, gold lost one-third of its value. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRidgeway,_William1892" class="citation book cs1">Ridgeway, William (1892). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.70243"><i>The Origin of Metallic Currency and Weight Standards</i></a>. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.70243/page/n153">139</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origin+of+Metallic+Currency+and+Weight+Standards&rft.place=Oxford%2C+England&rft.pages=139&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1892&rft.au=Ridgeway%2C+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.70243&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoricum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Pliny%27s_Natural_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Pliny's Natural History">Naturalis Historia</a></i> xxi. 20.43)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eichner-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Eichner_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eichner_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEichner,_HeinerIstenič,_JankaLovenjak,_Milan1994" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Eichner, Heiner; Istenič, Janka & Lovenjak, Milan (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://av.zrc-sazu.si/pdf/45/AV_45_1994_Eichner_et_al.pdf">"Ein römerzeitlisches Keramikgefäs au Ptuj (Pettau, Poetovio) in Slowien mit Inschrift in unbekanntem Alphabet und epichorischer (vermutlich keltischer) Sprache"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Arheološki Vestnik</i> (in German). <b>45</b>: 131–142. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151222143217/http://av.zrc-sazu.si/pdf/45/AV_45_1994_Eichner_et_al.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 22 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arheolo%C5%A1ki+Vestnik&rft.atitle=Ein+r%C3%B6merzeitlisches+Keramikgef%C3%A4s+au+Ptuj+%28Pettau%2C+Poetovio%29+in+Slowien+mit+Inschrift+in+unbekanntem+Alphabet+und+epichorischer+%28vermutlich+keltischer%29+Sprache&rft.volume=45&rft.pages=131-142&rft.date=1994&rft.au=Eichner%2C+Heiner&rft.au=Isteni%C4%8D%2C+Janka&rft.au=Lovenjak%2C+Milan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fav.zrc-sazu.si%2Fpdf%2F45%2FAV_45_1994_Eichner_et_al.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoricum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arbre-celtique.com/encyclopedie/vase-de-ptuj-4454.htm">"Vase de Ptuj"</a>. <i>Encyclopédie de l'arbre celtique</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080629223229/http://www.arbre-celtique.com/encyclopedie/vase-de-ptuj-4454.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A9die+de+l%27arbre+celtique&rft.atitle=Vase+de+Ptuj&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arbre-celtique.com%2Fencyclopedie%2Fvase-de-ptuj-4454.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoricum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eska-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Eska_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eska_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEska,_Joseph_F.Evans,_D._Ellis2009" class="citation book cs1">Eska, Joseph F. & Evans, D. Ellis (2009). "Continental Celtic". In Ball, Martin J. & Müller, Nicole (eds.). <i>The Celtic languages</i> (second ed.). London: Routledge. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-42279-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-42279-6"><bdi>978-0-415-42279-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Continental+Celtic&rft.btitle=The+Celtic+languages&rft.place=London&rft.pages=42&rft.edition=second&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-415-42279-6&rft.au=Eska%2C+Joseph+F.&rft.au=Evans%2C+D.+Ellis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoricum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arbre-celtique.com/encyclopedie/tuile-de-grafenstein-4455.htm">"Tuile de Grafenstein"</a>. <i>Encyclopédie de l'arbre celtique</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080629223213/http://www.arbre-celtique.com/encyclopedie/tuile-de-grafenstein-4455.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A9die+de+l%27arbre+celtique&rft.atitle=Tuile+de+Grafenstein&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arbre-celtique.com%2Fencyclopedie%2Ftuile-de-grafenstein-4455.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoricum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Buchwald_2005_124-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Buchwald_2005_124_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Buchwald (2005) 124</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Buchwald (2005) 115</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Healy (1978) 236</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The province of Noricum Ripense extended along the right or southern bank of the Danube, between the river and the Noric Alps, and was bounded on one side by <a href="/wiki/Raetia" title="Raetia">Raetia Secunda</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Inn_(river)" title="Inn (river)">river Inn</a> (Aenus) and on the other by the confines of <a href="/wiki/Pannonia_Superior" title="Pannonia Superior">Pannonia Superior</a>—the district included in the modern province of Carinthia in Austria. Noricum Mediterraneum lay directly to the south, beyond the Noric Alps." <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMierow,_Charles_C.1915" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Christopher_Mierow" title="Charles Christopher Mierow">Mierow, Charles C.</a> (1915). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jstor-261764">"Eugippius and the Closing Years of the Province of Noricum Ripense"</a>. <i>Classical Philology</i>. <b>10</b> (2): 166–187. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F359963">10.1086/359963</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/261764">261764</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Classical+Philology&rft.atitle=Eugippius+and+the+Closing+Years+of+the+Province+of+Noricum+Ripense&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=166-187&rft.date=1915&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F359963&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F261764%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Mierow%2C+Charles+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjstor-261764&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoricum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStülz,_Jodok1835" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jodocus_St%C3%BClz" class="extiw" title="de:Jodocus Stülz">Stülz, Jodok</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in German]</span> (1835). <i>Geschichte des regulirten Chorherrn-Stiftes St. Florian: ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Landes Österreich ob der Enns</i> (in German). Linz: Haslinger. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CrMDAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA2">2–3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geschichte+des+regulirten+Chorherrn-Stiftes+St.+Florian%3A+ein+Beitrag+zur+Geschichte+des+Landes+%C3%96sterreich+ob+der+Enns&rft.place=Linz&rft.pages=2-3&rft.pub=Haslinger&rft.date=1835&rft.au=St%C3%BClz%2C+Jodok&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoricum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeather2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Heather" title="Peter Heather">Heather, Peter</a> (2005). <i>The Fall of the Roman Empire</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0195159547" title="Special:BookSources/978-0195159547"><bdi>978-0195159547</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fall+of+the+Roman+Empire&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0195159547&rft.aulast=Heather&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoricum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anna Maria Drabek, <i>Der Österreichbegriff und sein Wandel im Lauf der Geschichte</i>, in: Marktgemeinde Neuhofen/Ybbs (ed.): <i>Ostarrichi Gedenkstätte Neuhofen/Ybbs</i>, no date (1980), pp. 32–41</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.austria-lexikon.at/af/AEIOU/Lammasch%2C_Heinrich">Dieter Köberl, <i>Zum Wohle Österreichs. Vor 90 Jahren starb Heinrich Lammasch,</i></a> in: <i>Die Furche</i>, 18 February 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Annuario Pontificio 2013</i> (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-209-9070-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-209-9070-1">978-88-209-9070-1</a>), "Sedi titolari", pp. 819–1013</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_and_cited_references">General and cited references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noricum&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: General and cited references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9za_Alf%C3%B6ldy" title="Géza Alföldy">Géza Alföldy</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lL89AAAAIAAJ"><i>Noricum</i></a>. Routledge & K. Paul, 1974</li> <li>Healy, John F., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Mining_and_Metallurgy_in_the_Greek_and_R.html?id=70R2QgAACAAJ">Mining and Metallurgy in the Greek and Roman World</a>, Thames and Hudson, 1978.</li> <li>Strobel, Kartl (2012): "Das Regnum Noricum, die sogenannte Norische Münzprägung und Rom: Frühe Kontakte als Vorspiel von Annexion und Romanisierung – Fiktion oder Realität? Mit einem Appendix zur Noreia-Frage" in "Archaeologia Austriaca" Vol. 96. pp. 11–34</li> <li><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Noricum" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Noricum">Noricum</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 748.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Noricum&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=748&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANoricum" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noricum&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output 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province)">Epirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatia_(Roman_province)" title="Galatia (Roman province)">Galatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallia_Aquitania" title="Gallia Aquitania">Gallia Aquitania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallia_Belgica" title="Gallia Belgica">Gallia Belgica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallia_Lugdunensis" title="Gallia Lugdunensis">Gallia Lugdunensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallia_Narbonensis" title="Gallia Narbonensis">Gallia Narbonensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germania_Inferior" title="Germania Inferior">Germania Inferior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germania_Superior" title="Germania Superior">Germania Superior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispania_Baetica" title="Hispania Baetica">Hispania Baetica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusitania" title="Lusitania">Hispania Lusitania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispania_Tarraconensis" title="Hispania Tarraconensis">Hispania Tarraconensis</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roman_Italy" title="Roman Italy">Italia</a></i> <sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaea_(Roman_province)" title="Judaea (Roman province)">Iudaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycia_et_Pamphylia" title="Lycia et Pamphylia">Lycia et Pamphylia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(Roman_province)" title="Macedonia (Roman province)">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauretania_Caesariensis" title="Mauretania Caesariensis">Mauretania Caesariensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauretania_Tingitana" title="Mauretania Tingitana">Mauretania Tingitana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia_(Roman_province)" title="Mesopotamia (Roman province)">Mesopotamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moesia" title="Moesia">Moesia Inferior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moesia" title="Moesia">Moesia Superior</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Noricum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannonia_Inferior" title="Pannonia Inferior">Pannonia Inferior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannonia_Superior" title="Pannonia Superior">Pannonia Superior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raetia" title="Raetia">Raetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilia_(Roman_province)" title="Sicilia (Roman province)">Sicilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Syria" title="Roman Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thracia_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thracia (Roman province)">Thracia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RomanEmpire_117.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Roman Empire at its greatest extent, at the death of Trajan (117 AD)"><img alt="The Roman Empire at its greatest extent, at the death of Trajan (117 AD)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/RomanEmpire_117.svg/150px-RomanEmpire_117.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/RomanEmpire_117.svg/225px-RomanEmpire_117.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/RomanEmpire_117.svg/300px-RomanEmpire_117.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="376" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><sup>†</sup> Italy was never constituted as a province, instead retaining a special juridical status until <a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a>'s reforms.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131434#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131434#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131434#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/126687778">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1218735/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJqBmhb3PPC3y4JcWKbw4q">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4042608-7">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82032234">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810660853605606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=497/465">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007559886505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/187490">Pleiades</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02758013X">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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