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<link rel="canonical" href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seda"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ca"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Canal de sindicació Atom Viquipèdia" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Canvis_recents&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Seda rootpage-Seda skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Vés al contingut</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menú principal" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menú principal</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menú principal</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navegació </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portada" title="Visiteu la pàgina principal [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Portada</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Article_aleatori" title="Carrega una pàgina a l’atzar [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Article a l'atzar</span></a></li><li id="n-Articles-de-qualitat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Articles_de_qualitat"><span>Articles de qualitat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Comunitat" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Comunitat" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Comunitat </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Portal" title="Sobre el projecte, què podeu fer, on trobareu les coses"><span>Portal viquipedista</span></a></li><li id="n-Agenda-d'actes" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Trobades"><span>Agenda d'actes</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Canvis_recents" title="Una llista dels canvis recents al wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Canvis recents</span></a></li><li id="n-La-taverna" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:La_taverna"><span>La taverna</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Contacte"><span>Contacte</span></a></li><li id="n-Xat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Canals_IRC"><span>Xat</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Ajuda" title="El lloc per a saber més coses"><span>Ajuda</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Portada" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Viquipèdia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ca.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.4375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="l'Enciclopèdia Lliure" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ca.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Cerca" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cerca a la Viquipèdia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Cerca</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Cerca a Viquipèdia" aria-label="Cerca a Viquipèdia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cerca a la Viquipèdia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Especial:Cerca"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cerca</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Eines personals"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aparença" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparença</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca" class=""><span>Donatius</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Seda" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori" class=""><span>Crea un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Seda" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Inicia la sessió</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Més opcions" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines personals" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines personals</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menú d'usuari" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca"><span>Donatius</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Seda" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Crea un compte</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Seda" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Inicia la sessió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pàgines per a editors no registrats <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l'edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Contribucions_pr%C3%B2pies" title="Una llista de les modificacions fetes des d'aquesta adreça IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Discussi%C3%B3_personal" title="Discussió sobre les edicions per aquesta adreça ip. [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Història" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Història"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Història</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Història-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Història</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Història-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Seda_salvatge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seda_salvatge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Seda salvatge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seda_salvatge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Col·legis_i_confraries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Col·legis_i_confraries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Col·legis i confraries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Col·legis_i_confraries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Producció_de_seda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Producció_de_seda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Producció de seda</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Producció_de_seda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aplicacions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aplicacions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Aplicacions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aplicacions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tipus_històrics_de_teixits_de_seda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tipus_històrics_de_teixits_de_seda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Tipus històrics de teixits de seda</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tipus_històrics_de_teixits_de_seda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultiu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultiu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Cultiu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultiu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drets_dels_animals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drets_dels_animals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Drets dels animals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drets_dels_animals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vegeu_també" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vegeu_també"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Vegeu també</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vegeu_també-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Seda</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 114 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-114" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">114 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sy" title="Sy - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sy" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seide" title="Seide - alemany suís" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Seide" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alemany suís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%ABde" title="Sīde - anglès antic" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Sīde" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="anglès antic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="حرير - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حرير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%AE" title="ৰেচম - assamès" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ৰেচম" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seda" title="Seda - asturià" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Seda" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0p%C9%99k" title="İpək - azerbaidjanès" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İpək" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidjanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%BE%DA%A9" title="ایپک - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایپک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B1%D3%99%D0%BA" title="Ебәк - baixkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ебәк" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baixkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%97lks" title="Sėlks - Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Sėlks" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seda" title="Seda - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Seda" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BA" title="Шоўк - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Шоўк" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BA" title="Шоўк - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Шоўк" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Коприна - búlgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Коприна" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lalamas" title="Lalamas - Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Lalamas" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81" title="রেশম তন্তু - bengalí" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রেশম তন্তু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seiz" title="Seiz - bretó" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Seiz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svila" title="Svila - bosnià" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Svila" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%85" title="ئاوریشم - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئاوریشم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%99%C3%ADrodn%C3%AD_hedv%C3%A1b%C3%AD" title="Přírodní hedvábí - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Přírodní hedvábí" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%80%C3%A7%C4%83%D0%BD" title="Пурçăн - txuvaix" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пурçăн" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidan" title="Sidan - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Sidan" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silke" title="Silke - danès" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Silke" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinichi" title="Sinichi - Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Sinichi" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seide" title="Seide - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Seide" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BE%CE%B9" title="Μετάξι - grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μετάξι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silk" title="Silk - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Silk" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silko" title="Silko - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Silko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seda" title="Seda - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Seda" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siid" title="Siid - estonià" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Siid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeta_(gaia)" title="Zeta (gaia) - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zeta (gaia)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%85" title="ابریشم - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ابریشم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="article recomanat"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silkki" title="Silkki - finès" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Silkki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soie" title="Soie - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Soie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siisen" title="Siisen - frisó septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Siisen" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisó septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Side_(tekstyl)" title="Side (tekstyl) - frisó occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Side (tekstyl)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisó occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADoda" title="Síoda - irlandès" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Síoda" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seda" title="Seda - gallec" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Seda" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B6%E0%AA%AE" title="રેશમ - gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="રેશમ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheeidey" title="Sheeidey - manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Sheeidey" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siliki" title="Siliki - hawaià" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Siliki" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%99" title="משי - hebreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="משי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%AE" title="रेशम - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रेशम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svila" title="Svila - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Svila" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swa_(materyo)" title="Swa (materyo) - crioll d’Haití" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Swa (materyo)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="crioll d’Haití" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualitat"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selyem" title="Selyem - hongarès" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Selyem" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%BD" title="Մետաքս - armeni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մետաքս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%BD" title="Մետաքս - Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Մետաքս" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seta" title="Seta - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Seta" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutra" title="Sutra - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sutra" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silko" title="Silko - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Silko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silki" title="Silki - islandès" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Silki" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seta" title="Seta - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Seta" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B5%B9" title="絹 - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="絹" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutra" title="Sutra - javanès" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sutra" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="აბრეშუმი - georgià" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აბრეშუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%E1%BA%93awt" title="Taẓawt - cabilenc" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Taẓawt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="cabilenc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%CA%8A_p%C9%A9zat%CA%8A" title="Laʊ pɩzatʊ - Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Laʊ pɩzatʊ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Жібек - kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жібек" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%86" title="ರೇಷ್ಮೆ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರೇಷ್ಮೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B2%AC%EC%84%AC%EC%9C%A0" title="견섬유 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="견섬유" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Жибек - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жибек" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sericum" title="Sericum - llatí" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sericum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="llatí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seda" title="Seda - llombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Seda" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="llombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ilkas" title="Šilkas - lituà" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šilkas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C4%ABds" title="Zīds - letó" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Zīds" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landy" title="Landy - malgaix" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Landy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suto" title="Suto - minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Suto" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Свила - macedoni" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Свила" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D" title="പട്ട് - malaiàlam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പട്ട്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiàlam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE" title="Торго - mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Торго" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AE" title="रेशीम - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रेशीम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutera" title="Sutera - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sutera" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA" title="ပိုးချည် - birmà" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပိုးချည်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE" title="रेसम - nepalès" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="रेसम" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zijde_(textiel)" title="Zijde (textiel) - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zijde (textiel)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silke" title="Silke - noruec nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Silke" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruec nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silke" title="Silke - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Silke" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seda" title="Seda - occità" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Seda" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occità" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%AE" title="ਰੇਸ਼ਮ - panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੇਸ਼ਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jedwab" title="Jedwab - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jedwab" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%85" title="ریشم - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ریشم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seda" title="Seda - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Seda" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llipipipiq_q%27aytu" title="Llipipipiq q'aytu - quítxua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Llipipipiq q'aytu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quítxua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%83tase" title="Mătase - romanès" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mătase" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%BA" title="Шёлк - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шёлк" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sita" title="Sita - sicilià" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Sita" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soie" title="Soie - escocès" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Soie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="escocès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svila" title="Svila - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Svila" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silk" title="Silk - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Silk" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hodv%C3%A1b" title="Hodváb - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hodváb" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svila" title="Svila - eslovè" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Svila" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirika" title="Sirika - shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Sirika" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%ABndafshi" title="Mëndafshi - albanès" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mëndafshi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Свила - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Свила" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutra" title="Sutra - sondanès" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Sutra" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sondanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silke" title="Silke - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Silke" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hariri" title="Hariri - suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Hariri" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="பட்டு - tàmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பட்டு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tàmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%81_(%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D)" title="పట్టు (సిల్క్) - telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పట్టు (సిల్క్)" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Абрешим - tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Абрешим" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1_(%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B8)" title="ไหม (วัสดุ) - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไหม (วัสดุ)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutla" title="Sutla - tagal" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sutla" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0pek" title="İpek - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İpek" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA" title="Шовк - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шовк" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%85" title="ریشم - urdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ریشم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipak" title="Ipak - uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ipak" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%E1%BB%A5a" title="Lụa - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lụa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sida" title="Sida - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sida" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%9D%E7%BB%B8" title="丝绸 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="丝绸" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="აბრეშუმი - mingrelià" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="აბრეშუმი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%9D%E7%BB%B8" title="丝绸 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="丝绸" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%9B" title="帛 - xinès clàssic" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="帛" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="xinès clàssic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B5%B2" title="絲 - cantonès" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="絲" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q37681#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Seda" title="Vegeu el contingut de la pàgina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pàgina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussi%C3%B3:Seda&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussió sobre el contingut d'aquesta pàgina (encara no existeix) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">català</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Seda"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seda&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seda&action=history" title="Versions antigues d'aquesta pàgina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Eines</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Més opcions" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Accions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Seda"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seda&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seda&action=history"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Enlla%C3%A7os/Seda" title="Una llista de totes les pàgines wiki que enllacen amb aquesta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Què hi enllaça</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Seguiment/Seda" rel="nofollow" title="Canvis recents a pàgines enllaçades des d'aquesta pàgina [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Canvis relacionats</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A0gines_especials" title="Llista totes les pàgines especials [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pàgines especials</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seda&oldid=33982641" title="Enllaç permanent a aquesta revisió de la pàgina"><span>Enllaç permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seda&action=info" title="Més informació sobre aquesta pàgina"><span>Informació de la pàgina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citau&page=Seda&id=33982641&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informació sobre com citar aquesta pàgina"><span>Citau aquest article</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSeda"><span>Obtén una URL abreujada</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSeda"><span>Descarrega el codi QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimeix/exporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Llibre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Seda"><span>Crea un llibre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Seda&action=show-download-screen"><span>Baixa com a PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seda&printable=yes" title="Versió per a impressió d'aquesta pàgina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versió per a impressora</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En altres projectes </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Silk" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q37681" title="Enllaç a l'element del repositori de dades connectat [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element a Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparença</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">amaga</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r34261971">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{width:100%;border-color:#77ccff;color:var(--color-base,#202122);background-color:#f5f5f5;margin-bottom:1em;font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .hatnote{color:var(--color-inverted,#fff);background-color:var(--background-color-inverted,#101418)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .hatnote{color:var(--color-inverted,#fff);background-color:var(--background-color-inverted,#101418)}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style> <table class="hatnote" cellspacing="5"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 25px; vertical-align: top;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/22px-Disambig_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/33px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/44px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> </td> <td>Per a altres significats, vegeu «<a href="/wiki/Seda_(desambiguaci%C3%B3)" class="mw-disambig" title="Seda (desambiguació)">Seda (desambiguació)</a>». </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Khotan-fabrica-seda-d06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Khotan-fabrica-seda-d06.jpg/220px-Khotan-fabrica-seda-d06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Khotan-fabrica-seda-d06.jpg/330px-Khotan-fabrica-seda-d06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Khotan-fabrica-seda-d06.jpg/440px-Khotan-fabrica-seda-d06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Capolls del cuc de seda.</figcaption></figure> <p>La <b>seda</b> és una <a href="/wiki/Fibra_t%C3%A8xtil" title="Fibra tèxtil">fibra tèxtil</a> natural. El filament de la seda prové d'unes <a href="/wiki/Prote%C3%AFnes" class="mw-redirect" title="Proteïnes">proteïnes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fibro%C3%AFna" title="Fibroïna">fibroïna</a> i <a href="/wiki/Sericina" title="Sericina">sericina</a>) segregades per les glàndules salivals del <a href="/wiki/Cuc_de_seda" title="Cuc de seda">cuc de seda</a>, és a dir, l'<a href="/wiki/Eruga" title="Eruga">eruga</a> de la papallona de la seda. Les <a href="/wiki/Aranyes" title="Aranyes">aranyes</a> també produeixen seda per construir els seus caus i les seves <a href="/wiki/Teranyina" title="Teranyina">teranyines</a>, però aquesta seda no té interès comercial. </p><p>Els primers a fer servir aquesta substància i elaborar el teixit van ser els xinesos, i tant la valoraven que es diu que estava prohibit treure <a href="/wiki/Cuc" title="Cuc">cucs</a> fora de l'imperi i que es castigava amb la mort qui ho intentava. Tot i l'estricta vigilància, sembla que alguns europeus van aconseguir treure'n alguns exemplars amagats a l'equipatge. Posteriorment, el comerç d'aquesta fibra es va generalitzar a partir de la <a href="/wiki/Ruta_de_la_Seda" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruta de la Seda">Ruta de la Seda</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RBA_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RBA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Història"><span id="Hist.C3.B2ria"></span>Història</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seda&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Història"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La producció de seda es va originar a la <a href="/wiki/Xina" title="Xina">Xina</a> durant el període <a href="/wiki/Neol%C3%ADtic" title="Neolític">Neolític</a>, tot i que finalment arribaria a altres llocs del món. (cultura <span lang="zh-Latn"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangshao_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yangshao culture (encara no existeix)">Yangshao</a></span>, IV mil·lenni aC). La producció de seda va romandre limitada a la Xina fins que la <a href="/wiki/Ruta_de_la_Seda" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruta de la Seda">Ruta de la Seda</a> es va obrir en algun moment durant la darrera part del 1r mil·lenni aC, tot i que la Xina va mantenir el seu <a href="/wiki/Monopoli" title="Monopoli">monopoli</a> virtual sobre la <a href="/wiki/Sericultura" class="mw-redirect" title="Sericultura">producció de seda</a> durant milers d'anys més. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seda_salvatge">Seda salvatge</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seda&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Seda salvatge"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Silk_from_Mawangdui_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Silk_from_Mawangdui_2.jpg/220px-Silk_from_Mawangdui_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Silk_from_Mawangdui_2.jpg/330px-Silk_from_Mawangdui_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Silk_from_Mawangdui_2.jpg/440px-Silk_from_Mawangdui_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Tèxtil de seda teixit de la tomba núm. 1 a <a href="/wiki/Mawangdui" title="Mawangdui">Mawangdui</a> a <a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha">Changsha</a>, província de <a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xina" title="Xina">Xina</a>, de la <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Han" title="Dinastia Han">dinastia Han occidental</a>, segle II aC </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Eri_silk_worm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Eri_silk_worm.jpg/220px-Eri_silk_worm.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Eri_silk_worm.jpg/330px-Eri_silk_worm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Eri_silk_worm.jpg/440px-Eri_silk_worm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Cria del cuc de seda Eri salvatge, Assam</figcaption></figure> <p>Diversos tipus de seda salvatge, produïts per <a href="/wiki/Eruga" title="Eruga">erugues</a> diferents del cuc de seda <a href="/wiki/Morera" title="Morera">morera</a>, s'han conegut i filat a la <a href="/wiki/Xina" title="Xina">Xina</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%80sia_del_Sud" class="mw-redirect" title="Àsia del Sud">Àsia del Sud</a> i <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> des de llavors. temps antics, p. la producció de seda Eri a <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam, Índia</a>. Tanmateix, l'escala de producció sempre va ser molt menor que la de les sedes conreades. Hi ha diverses raons per a això: primer, es diferencien de les varietats domesticades pel color i la <a href="https://ca.wiktionary.org/wiki/textura" class="extiw" title="wikt:textura">textura</a> i, per tant, són menys uniformes; en segon lloc, els capolls recollits a la natura normalment han fet sortir la pupa d'ells abans de ser descobertes, de manera que el fil de seda que forma el capoll s'ha trencat en trossos més curts; i en tercer lloc, molts capolls salvatges estan coberts d'una capa mineral que impedeix els intents d'enrotllar-ne llargs fils de seda.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Així, l'única manera d'obtenir una seda apta per a la filatura en tèxtils a les zones on no es conreen sedes comercials era mitjançant un <a href="/wiki/Cardat" title="Cardat">cardat</a> tediós i laboriós. </p><p>Algunes estructures de seda natural s'han utilitzat sense ser desenrotllades ni filades. Les teranyines s'utilitzaven com a venda de ferides a l'antiga Grècia i Roma,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i com a base per a la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pintura_amb_teranyines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pintura amb teranyines (encara no existeix)">pintura</a> del segle XVI.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Els nius d'erugues es van enganxar junts per fer una tela a l'<a href="/wiki/Imperi_asteca" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperi asteca">Imperi asteca</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hogue-1993_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hogue-1993-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Les sedes comercials provenen de pupes de cuc de seda criades, que es crien per produir un fil de seda de color blanc sense minerals a la superfície. Les pupes es maten submergint-les en aigua bullent abans que surtin les arnes adultes o perforant-les amb una agulla. Tots aquests factors contribueixen a la capacitat de tot el capoll de desfer-se com un fil continu, permetent que es teixi un drap molt més resistent amb la seda. Les sedes salvatges també solen ser més difícils de tenyir que la seda del cuc de seda cultivat.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Una tècnica coneguda com a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Desmineralitzaci%C3%B3_(capoll_de_cuc_de_seda)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desmineralització (capoll de cuc de seda) (encara no existeix)">desmineralització</a> permet eliminar la capa mineral al voltant del capoll de les arnes de seda salvatges,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> deixant només la variabilitat de color com a barrera per crear una indústria de la seda comercial basada en sedes silvestres a les parts del món on prosperen les arnes de la seda salvatges, com ara a Àfrica i Amèrica del Sud. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Col·legis_i_confraries"><span id="Col.C2.B7legis_i_confraries"></span>Col·legis i confraries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seda&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Col·legis i confraries"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r30997230">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Vegeu també: <a href="/wiki/Ind%C3%BAstria_sedera_de_Val%C3%A8ncia" title="Indústria sedera de València">Indústria sedera de València</a></div> <p>La indústria de la seda començà a la ciutat de <a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A8ncia" title="València">València</a> el segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xiv</span> de la mà de jueus posteriorment conversos, i assolí el seu moment àlgid a final del segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xv</span>, quan s'instal·laren nombrosos menestrals <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_G%C3%A8nova" title="República de Gènova">genovesos</a> que introduïren tècniques de fabricació de <a href="/wiki/Vellut" title="Vellut">vellut</a> i altres teles de gran qualitat, com ara setins, domassos i brocats. El 1477 es redigiren les primeres ordenances del col·legi, i el 1482 es començà a construir la <a href="/wiki/Llotja_de_la_Seda" title="Llotja de la Seda">Llotja de la Seda</a>. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Ciutat_de_Mallorca" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciutat de Mallorca">Mallorca</a>, el treball de la seda arribà efectivament de la mà de valencians. Ja el 1527 es documenten els primers cultius de seda (a <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3ller" title="Sóller">Sóller</a>), que ràpidament s'estengueren a altres pobles. Pel que fa a l'art del teixit de la seda, el 1578 el valencià Miquel Magraner rebé una subvenció del <a href="/wiki/Gran_i_General_Consell" title="Gran i General Consell">Gran i General Consell</a> per instal·lar-se a Mallorca a exercir l'ofici i ensenyar l'art de la torcedura de la seda. El col·legi dels torcedors de seda de Mallorca es constituí oficialment el 1685, i el segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xviii</span> consten catorze mestres amb obrador obert.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Producció_de_seda"><span id="Producci.C3.B3_de_seda"></span>Producció de seda</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seda&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la secció: Producció de seda"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Everyday_Life_in_Old_China_12.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Everyday_Life_in_Old_China_12.jpg/220px-Everyday_Life_in_Old_China_12.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Everyday_Life_in_Old_China_12.jpg/330px-Everyday_Life_in_Old_China_12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Everyday_Life_in_Old_China_12.jpg/440px-Everyday_Life_in_Old_China_12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1606" data-file-height="786" /></a><figcaption>Producció de seda a l'antiga Xina.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Everyday_Life_in_Old_China_16.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Everyday_Life_in_Old_China_16.jpg/220px-Everyday_Life_in_Old_China_16.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Everyday_Life_in_Old_China_16.jpg/330px-Everyday_Life_in_Old_China_16.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Everyday_Life_in_Old_China_16.jpg/440px-Everyday_Life_in_Old_China_16.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1812" data-file-height="946" /></a><figcaption>Producció de seda a l'antiga Xina.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r30997230"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Article principal: <a href="/wiki/Sericicultura" title="Sericicultura">Sericicultura</a></div> <p>El cuc es cria en un espai airejat i ombrívol, sobre una superfície aïllada de terra, col·locant-los sobre un llit de fulles durant 45-50 dies. Quan la bava que el <a href="/wiki/Cuc_de_seda" title="Cuc de seda">cuc de seda</a> segrega de manera contínua entra en contacte amb l'aire se solidifica i forma el fil de seda, amb què el cuc fa el <a href="/w/index.php?title=Capoll_de_seda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capoll de seda (encara no existeix)">capoll</a>. Desfent-lo s'obté un filament molt fi. Per desfilar-lo, el capoll es cou en una caldera d'aram amb aigua a uns 80-100 °C perquè s'afluixi el fil; així, l'artesà el pot passar a un torn manual. A continuació es fa el debanatge, torçat i retorçat del filament. Després, el descruatge, el blanqueig i, si s'escau, el tint. En teixits de calada (fets al teler) es fan robes llises i laborades, i també <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dom%C3%A0s_(teixit)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Domàs (teixit) (encara no existeix)">domassos</a>. En gènere de punts es fan <a href="/wiki/Blonda" title="Blonda">blondes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gasa" title="Gasa">gases</a> i <a href="/wiki/Mitja" title="Mitja">mitges</a>. </p><p>El fil de seda és molt resistent, llis i molt brillant. Es descompon a 170 °C i quan és cru (quan surt del debanatge) té un tacte aspre i cruixent. Els teixits són molt resistents, aïllants i amb una bona presència, molt suaus i lluents. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="width:100%; float:left; clear:left;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5">Els deu millors productors de capolls. – 2005 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#ddf; width:30%;">País </th> <th style="background:#ddf; width:25%;">Producció <span style="white-space:nowrap;">(Int $1000)</span> </th> <th style="background:#ddf; width:10%;">Nota de peu </th> <th style="background:#ddf; width:25%;">Producció <span style="white-space:nowrap;">(1000 kg)</span> </th> <th style="background:#ddf; width:10%;">Nota de peu </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="República Popular de la Xina"><img alt="República Popular de la Xina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Popular_de_la_Xina" title="República Popular de la Xina">República Popular de la Xina</a></td> <td>978,013</td> <td>C</td> <td>290,003</td> <td>F </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Índia"><img alt="Índia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/46px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia">Índia</a></td> <td>259,679</td> <td>C</td> <td>77,000</td> <td>F </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Uzbekistan"><img alt="Uzbekistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Uzbekistan_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Uzbekistan_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Uzbekistan_%283-2%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></td> <td>57,332</td> <td>C</td> <td>17,000</td> <td>F </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Brasil"><img alt="Brasil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Flag_of_Brazil_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brazil_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Flag_of_Brazil_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brazil_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Flag_of_Brazil_%283-2%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brazil_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">Brasil</a></td> <td>37,097</td> <td>C</td> <td>11,000</td> <td>F </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Flag_of_Iran_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Flag_of_Iran_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Flag_of_Iran_%283-2%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></td> <td>20,235</td> <td>C</td> <td>6,088</td> <td>F </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Tailàndia"><img alt="Tailàndia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/46px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tail%C3%A0ndia" title="Tailàndia">Tailàndia</a></td> <td>16,862</td> <td>C</td> <td>5,000</td> <td>F </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Vietnam"><img alt="Vietnam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/46px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></td> <td>10,117</td> <td>C</td> <td>3,000</td> <td>F </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plantilla:DPRK&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plantilla:DPRK (encara no existeix)">Plantilla:DPRK</a></td> <td>5,059</td> <td>C</td> <td>1,500</td> <td>F </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></td> <td>3,372</td> <td>C</td> <td>1,000</td> <td>F </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Japó"><img alt="Japó" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jap%C3%B3" title="Japó">Japó</a></td> <td>2,023</td> <td>C</td> <td>600</td> <td>F </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" style="font-size:.7em">Sense símbol = xifra oficial, F = estimació de la FAO,*= xifra no oficial, C = xifra calculada;<br /> <p>La producció en 1.000 $ int s'ha calculat a partir dels preus internacionals de 1999-2001<br /> Font: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/es/ess/top/commodity.html?lang=en&item=1185&year=2005">Organització de les Nacions Unides per a l'Alimentació i l'Agricultura: Departament Econòmic i Social: Divisió d'Estadística</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aplicacions">Aplicacions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seda&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la secció: Aplicacions"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Articles de luxe, com llenceria fina, <a href="/wiki/Roba_interior" title="Roba interior">roba interior</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brusa" title="Brusa">bruses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camisa" title="Camisa">camises</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fulard" title="Fulard">fulards</a> i vestits de dona i d'home. </p><p>Per a la llar, s'hi fan peces de tapisseria i decoració. Antigament s'hi feia la indumentària litúrgica, així com algunes peces de la indumentària tradicional, i també els <a href="/wiki/Paracaigudes" title="Paracaigudes">paracaigudes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En els inicis dels vols aerostàtics alguns <a href="/wiki/Globus_aerost%C3%A0tic" title="Globus aerostàtic">globus</a> disposaven de bosses fetes de seda.<sup id="cite_ref-SircosPallier1876_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SircosPallier1876-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alguns documents indiquen veles de vaixell fetes de seda. Un cas conegut és el d'una nau de <a href="/wiki/Cle%C3%B2patra_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleòpatra VII"> Cleòpatra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Barbour1844_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barbour1844-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-d'Orléans1810_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-d'Orléans1810-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tipus_històrics_de_teixits_de_seda"><span id="Tipus_hist.C3.B2rics_de_teixits_de_seda"></span>Tipus històrics de teixits de seda</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seda&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la secció: Tipus històrics de teixits de seda"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bengalina_(tela)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bengalina (tela) (encara no existeix)">Bengalina</a></b>: Teixit amb ordit de seda però trama de <a href="/wiki/Llana" title="Llana">llana</a> i <a href="/wiki/Tafet%C3%A0" title="Tafetà">lligat de plana</a>. S'identificava sobretot per lluir un acanalat horitzontal.<sup id="cite_ref-Fàbriques194_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fàbriques194-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Brocat" title="Brocat">Brocat</a></b>: Base de tela de seda sobre la qual s'hi entren fils d'or o de plata tot traçant un dibuix. Aquesta decoració és tant gruixuda que queda realçada.<sup id="cite_ref-Fàbriques194_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fàbriques194-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brocatell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brocatell (encara no existeix)">Brocatell</a></b>: Tela teixida amb un mínim de dos ordits de seda i diverses trames del mateix material, però també amb trames de <a href="/wiki/Cot%C3%B3" title="Cotó">cotó</a> o de <a href="/wiki/Lli" title="Lli">lli</a> que donen rigidesa a la tela.<sup id="cite_ref-Fàbriques194_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fàbriques194-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En el cas dels brocatells més luxosos aquestes trames alternatives podien ser de fils de plata o d'or. En el passat aquesta tela s'usava sobretot en <a href="/wiki/Tapisseria" class="mw-redirect" title="Tapisseria">tapisseria</a> o per vestits femenins.<sup id="cite_ref-Fàbriques194_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fàbriques194-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cresp%C3%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crespó (encara no existeix)">Crespó</a></b>: Fil que s'obté de tòrcer dos o més caps de seda, un dels quals ja havia estat torçat prèviament.<sup id="cite_ref-Fàbriques194_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fàbriques194-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Dom%C3%A0s" title="Domàs">Domàs</a></b> / <b>damasc</b>: Tela d'un sol color característica pel seu efecte mat i brillant a la vegada quan es mou. S'aconsegueix alternant el <a href="/wiki/Set%C3%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Setí">setí</a> en la trama i l'ordit.<sup id="cite_ref-Fàbriques194_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fàbriques194-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Gasa" title="Gasa">Gasa</a></b>: Tela molt clara, fina i lleugera amb un lligat de <a href="/wiki/Tafet%C3%A0" title="Tafetà">tafetà</a> en què els fils d'ordit i els de trama queden bastant separats.<sup id="cite_ref-Fàbriques194_15-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fàbriques194-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Glac%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Glacé">Glacé</a></b>: Teixit que fa un característic soroll de paper si se l'arruga. Es teixeix amb un lligat de plana.<sup id="cite_ref-Fàbriques194_15-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fàbriques194-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Granadina_(tela)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Granadina (tela) (encara no existeix)">Granadina</a></b>: Teixit fet amb pèl de seda sotmès a una gran torsió.<sup id="cite_ref-Fàbriques194_15-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fàbriques194-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gro (encara no existeix)">Gro</a></b> / <b>groguèn</b>: Teixit similar al glacé però menys brillant i una superfície no tan regular.<sup id="cite_ref-Fàbriques194_15-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fàbriques194-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moar%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moaré (encara no existeix)">Moaré</a></b>: Teixit de superfície acanalada i de bordó gros en què l'acabat llueix unes aigües irregulars que canvien segons la llum. Es feia servir per a folres, vestits femenins, ornaments eclesiàstics, tapisseria...<sup id="cite_ref-Fàbriques194_15-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fàbriques194-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Mussolina" title="Mussolina">Mussolina</a></b>: Teixit de fil de seda molt fi i retorçat amb lligat de tafetà. El resultat és un teixit molt fi i transparent, semblant a una gasa. S'emprava per confeccionar bruses o vestits de dona vaporosos.<sup id="cite_ref-Fàbriques194_15-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fàbriques194-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonesa_(tela)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polonesa (tela) (encara no existeix)">Polonesa</a></b>: Teixit amb ordit de seda però trama de <a href="/wiki/Cot%C3%B3" title="Cotó">cotó</a>. Es tenyia de qualsevol color i s'usava per fer els folres dels vestits.<sup id="cite_ref-Fàbriques194_15-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fàbriques194-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radsimir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radsimir (encara no existeix)">Radsimir</a></b>: Teixit que era tenyit en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeixa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madeixa (encara no existeix)">madeixa</a>, sobretot de color negre. El lligat era de sarja batàvia. S'emprava per mocadors de coll o de cap, corbates i vestits de dona.<sup id="cite_ref-Fàbriques194_15-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fàbriques194-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Set%C3%AD_de_seda" class="mw-redirect" title="Setí de seda">Setí de seda</a></b>: Teixit amb la cara bona llisa i lluent fet amb l'ordit molt dens, el qual forma unes bastes d'ordit adjacents.<sup id="cite_ref-Fàbriques194_15-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fàbriques194-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sur%C3%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Surà (encara no existeix)">Surà</a></b>: Teixit molt suau que era tenyit en madeixa. El lligat era de <a href="/wiki/Sarja" title="Sarja">sarja</a>. La tècnica era originària de <a href="/wiki/Surat" title="Surat">Surat</a>. Es confeccionava en colors llisos, i també formant llistes i quadres.<sup id="cite_ref-Fàbriques194_15-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fàbriques194-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Tafet%C3%A0" title="Tafetà">Tafetà</a></b> / <b>glacé</b>: Tela fina, llisa i llustrosa. Ambdues cares són iguals. El lligat és el conegut com de tafetà o de plana, ordit d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Organz%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organzí (encara no existeix)">organzí</a> i trama de seda tenyida en madeixa. Es confeccionava de manera molt diversa: quadres, llistes, tornassolats...<sup id="cite_ref-Fàbriques194_15-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fàbriques194-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiss%C3%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tissú (encara no existeix)">Tissú</a></b>: Teixit de seda i metalls preciosos. Es feia servir sobretot en ornaments religiosos.<sup id="cite_ref-Fàbriques194_15-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fàbriques194-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Tul" title="Tul">Tul</a></b>: Teixit de malla reixada que es teixeix amb 3 sèries de fils successives: mentre un fa d'ordit els altres dos fan de trama, i es van alternant. Es feia servir per cortines i roba de dona.<sup id="cite_ref-Fàbriques194_15-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fàbriques194-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Vellut" title="Vellut">Vellut</a></b>: Teixit de <a href="/wiki/Pelfa" title="Pelfa">pelfa</a> amb el pèl tallat o arrissat.<sup id="cite_ref-Fàbriques194_15-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fàbriques194-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xin%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xiné (encara no existeix)">Xiné</a></b>: Teixit en què els fils d'ordit eren pintats o estampats. D'aquesta manera, en el moment de teixir-se les diferències de tensions i encongiments del fil feia que aparegués un dibuix lleugerament esfumat.<sup id="cite_ref-Fàbriques194_15-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fàbriques194-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultiu">Cultiu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seda&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la secció: Cultiu"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Thai_man_spools_silk_at_Jim_Thompson_House_photo_D_Ramey_Logan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Thai_man_spools_silk_at_Jim_Thompson_House_photo_D_Ramey_Logan.jpg/220px-Thai_man_spools_silk_at_Jim_Thompson_House_photo_D_Ramey_Logan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Thai_man_spools_silk_at_Jim_Thompson_House_photo_D_Ramey_Logan.jpg/330px-Thai_man_spools_silk_at_Jim_Thompson_House_photo_D_Ramey_Logan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Thai_man_spools_silk_at_Jim_Thompson_House_photo_D_Ramey_Logan.jpg/440px-Thai_man_spools_silk_at_Jim_Thompson_House_photo_D_Ramey_Logan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="4800" /></a><figcaption>L'home tailandès fa bobines de seda</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Bombyx_mori_Cocon_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Bombyx_mori_Cocon_02.jpg/220px-Bombyx_mori_Cocon_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Bombyx_mori_Cocon_02.jpg/330px-Bombyx_mori_Cocon_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Bombyx_mori_Cocon_02.jpg/440px-Bombyx_mori_Cocon_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="1425" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pupa#Capoll" title="Pupa">Capoll</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Les <a href="/wiki/Arnes" title="Arnes">arnes</a> de seda ponen ous sobre un paper especialment preparat. Els ous eclouen i les erugues (cucs de seda) s'alimenten de fulles fresques de <a href="/wiki/Morera" title="Morera">morera</a>. Després d'uns 35 dies i 4 mudes, les erugues són 10.000 vegades més pesades que quan es desclouen i estan a punt per començar a filar un capoll. Es col·loca un marc de palla sobre la safata de les erugues, i cada eruga comença a fer girar un capoll movent el cap en un patró. Dues glàndules produeixen seda líquida i la forcen a través d'unes obertures al cap anomenades fileres. La seda líquida està recoberta de sericina, una goma protectora soluble en aigua, i es solidifica en contacte amb l'aire. En 2-3 dies, l'eruga gira uns 1,6 km de filament i està completament envoltada en un capoll. Aleshores, els agricultors de seda escalfen els capolls per matar-los, deixant-ne alguns per <a href="/wiki/Metamorfosi" title="Metamorfosi">metamorfosi</a> en arnes per criar la següent generació d'erugues. A continuació, els capolls collits es submergeixen en aigua bullent per suavitzar la sericina que manté les fibres de seda juntes en forma de capoll. A continuació, les fibres es desenrotllen per produir un fil continu. Com que un sol fil és massa fi i fràgil per a l'ús comercial, entre tres i deu fils es fan junts per formar un sol fil de seda.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Drets_dels_animals">Drets dels animals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seda&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la secció: Drets dels animals"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Com que el procés de recol·lecció de la seda del capoll mata les larves bullint, la sericultura ha estat criticada pels activistes del benestar animal,<sup id="cite_ref-Stancati2011_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stancati2011-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> inclosa la <a href="/wiki/People_for_the_Ethical_Treatment_of_Animals" title="People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals">People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals</a> (PETA), que insten a la gent a no comprar objectes de seda.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a> va ser crític amb la producció de seda a causa de la seva filosofia <a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a> (no violenta), que va portar a la promoció del cotó i la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seda_Ahimsa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seda Ahimsa (encara no existeix)">seda Ahimsa</a>, un tipus de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seda_silvestre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seda silvestre (encara no existeix)">seda silvestre</a> feta a partir dels capolls de les arnes de seda salvatges i semisalvatges.<sup id="cite_ref-AlexanderCentenary1968_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AlexanderCentenary1968-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vegeu_també"><span id="Vegeu_tamb.C3.A9"></span>Vegeu també</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seda&action=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la secció: Vegeu també"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ind%C3%BAstria_sedera_de_Val%C3%A8ncia" title="Indústria sedera de València">Indústria sedera de València</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sericicultura" title="Sericicultura">Sericicultura</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seda&action=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33663753">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-center{clear:both;margin:auto}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">A <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A0gina_principal?uselang=ca">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Silk" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Silk">Seda</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <div class="reflist {{#if: | references-column-count references-column-count-{{{col}}}" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-RBA-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-RBA_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal"> <i>Diccionario de Arte II</i> (en castellà).  Barcelona: Biblioteca de Consulta Larousse. Spes Editorial SL (RBA), 2003, p.232. DL M-50.522-2002. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/84-8332-391-5" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/84-8332-391-5">ISBN 84-8332-391-5</a></span> [Consulta: 8 desembre 2014].</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diccionario+de+Arte+II&rft.date=2003&rft.pub=Biblioteca+de+Consulta+Larousse.+Spes+Editorial+SL+%28RBA%29&rft.place=Barcelona&rft.pages=p.232&rft.isbn=84-8332-391-5"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Sindya N. Bhanoo «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/24/science/24obsilk.html?_r=3&emc=eta1">Silk Production Takes a Walk on the Wild Side</a>». <i>New York Times</i>, 20-05-2011 [Consulta: 26 maig 2011].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180826104343/https://phys.org/news/2017-01-chance-creation-antibiotic-spider-silk.html">Chance meeting leads to creation of antibiotic spider silk</a>» (en anglès americà). Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phys.org/news/2017-01-chance-creation-antibiotic-spider-silk.html">original</a> el 26 agost 2018. [Consulta: 13 setembre 2019].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190704141405/https://www.northwestern.edu/newscenter/stories/2008/07/cobwebportraits.html">Cobweb Art a Triumph of Whimsy Over Practicality: Northwestern University News</a>» (en anglès). Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.northwestern.edu/newscenter/stories/2008/07/cobwebportraits.html">original</a> el 4 juliol 2019. [Consulta: 13 setembre 2019].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hogue-1993-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Hogue-1993_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFHogue1993"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Hogue</span>, Charles Leonard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/latinamericanins00hogu"><i>Latin American insects and entomology</i></a> (en anglès).  Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/latinamericanins00hogu/page/n173">325</a>. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0520078499" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0520078499">ISBN 978-0520078499</a></span>. <span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/25164105">25164105</a></span>. «Silk swaths gathered from the large hammock-net cocoons of Gloveria psidii (= Sagana sapotoza) and pasted together to form a kind of hard cloth, or paper, were an important trade item in Mexico at the time of Moctezuma II»</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Latin+American+insects+and+entomology&rft.aulast=Hogue&rft.aufirst=Charles+Leonard&rft.date=1993&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pages=%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flatinamericanins00hogu%2Fpage%2Fn173+325%5D&rft.isbn=978-0520078499&rft_id=info:oclcnum/25164105&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flatinamericanins00hogu"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFHuan2004"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Huan</span>, Yu. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/weilue/appendices.html#e">Apèndix E</a>». A: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/weilue/weilue.html"><i>The Peoples of the West from the Weilue</i></a> (en anglès). Traducció: John E. Hill (trad.), setembre 2004.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Peoples+of+the+West+from+the+Weilue&rft.atitle=Ap%C3%A8ndix+E&rft.aulast=Huan&rft.aufirst=Yu&rft.date=setembre+2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdepts.washington.edu%2Fsilkroad%2Ftexts%2Fweilue%2Fweilue.html"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFFan2009"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Fan</span>, Ye. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?vid=ISBN9781439221341&redir_esc=y"><i>Through the Jade Gate to Rome: A Study of the Silk Routes During the Later Han Dynasty 1st to 2nd Centuries CE : an Annotated Translation of the Chronicle on the 'Western Regions' in the Hou Hanshu</i></a> (en anglès). Traducció: John E. Hill (trad.).  BookSurge Publishing, 2009, p. 477–480. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-4392-2134-1" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-4392-2134-1">ISBN 978-1-4392-2134-1</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Through+the+Jade+Gate+to+Rome%3A+A+Study+of+the+Silk+Routes+During+the+Later+Han+Dynasty+1st+to+2nd+Centuries+CE+%3A+an+Annotated+Translation+of+the+Chronicle+on+the+%27Western+Regions%27+in+the+Hou+Hanshu&rft.aulast=Fan&rft.aufirst=Ye&rft.date=2009&rft.pub=BookSurge+Publishing&rft.pages=477%E2%80%93480&rft.isbn=978-1-4392-2134-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fvid%3DISBN9781439221341%26redir_esc%3Dy"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFGheysensCollinsRainaVollrath2011"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Gheysens</span>, T; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Collins</span>, A; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Raina</span>, S; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Vollrath</span>, F; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Knight</span>, D «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170922055410/https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/2153669/file/2153676.pdf">Demineralization enables reeling of Wild Silkmoth cocoons</a>». <i>Biomacromolecules</i>, 12, 6, 2011, pàg. 2257–66. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/2153669/file/2153676.pdf">original</a> el 22 setembre 2017. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fbm2003362">10.1021/bm2003362</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a>: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21491856?dopt=Abstract" class="extiw" title="pmid:21491856">21491856</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFQuetglas_Gayà1980"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Quetglas Gayà</span>, B. <i>Los gremios de Mallorca</i>.  Imprenta Politécnica, 1980, p. 231-232.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Los+gremios+de+Mallorca&rft.aulast=Quetglas+Gay%C3%A0&rft.aufirst=B.&rft.date=1980&rft.pub=Imprenta+Polit%C3%A9cnica&rft.pages=231-232"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=wbgte-b7p0YC&pg=PA264"><i>Standards Yearbook</i></a>.  U.S. Government Printing Office, 1932, p. 264–.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Standards+Yearbook&rft.date=1932&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.pages=264%E2%80%93&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dwbgte-b7p0YC%26pg%3DPA264"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SircosPallier1876-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-SircosPallier1876_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">A. Sircos; Th Pallier <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=jP5MLLu5NvIC&pg=PA462"><i>Histoire des ballons et des ascensions célèbres</i></a>.  F. Roy, 1876, p. 462–.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+des+ballons+et+des+ascensions+c%C3%A9l%C3%A8bres&rft.date=1876&rft.pub=F.+Roy&rft.pages=462%E2%80%93&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjP5MLLu5NvIC%26pg%3DPA462"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barbour1844-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Barbour1844_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">I. Richmond Barbour. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=0ts7AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA7"><i>The Silk Culture in the United States: Embracing Complete Accounts of the Latest and Most Approved Modes of Hatching, Rearing and Feeding the Silk-worm, Managing a Cocoonery, Reeling, Spinning, and Manufacturing the Silk, &c. ... With Brief Historical Sketches of the Silk Business, Natural History of the Silk-worm, the Mulberry, &c. Comp. from the Most Approved and Reliable Works ... To which is Added Blydenburgh's Manual of the Silk Culture; Statistics of Silk Imports, &c., &c</i></a>.  Greeley & McElrath, 1844, p. 7–.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Silk+Culture+in+the+United+States%3A+Embracing+Complete+Accounts+of+the+Latest+and+Most+Approved+Modes+of+Hatching%2C+Rearing+and+Feeding+the+Silk-worm%2C+Managing+a+Cocoonery%2C+Reeling%2C+Spinning%2C+and+Manufacturing+the+Silk%2C+%26c.+...+With+Brief+Historical+Sketches+of+the+Silk+Business%2C+Natural+History+of+the+Silk-worm%2C+the+Mulberry%2C+%26c.+Comp.+from+the+Most+Approved+and+Reliable+Works+...+To+which+is+Added+Blydenburgh%27s+Manual+of+the+Silk+Culture%3B+Statistics+of+Silk+Imports%2C+%26c.%2C+%26c&rft.au=I.+Richmond+Barbour&rft.date=1844&rft.pub=Greeley+%26+McElrath&rft.pages=7%E2%80%93&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0ts7AAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA7"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-d'Orléans1810-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-d'Orléans1810_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Pierre d'Orléans. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=IP1NAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA203"><i>Histoire des révolutions d'Angleterre</i></a>.  Seguin frères, 1810, p. 203-.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+des+r%C3%A9volutions+d%27Angleterre&rft.au=Pierre+d%27Orl%C3%A9ans&rft.date=1810&rft.pub=Seguin+fr%C3%A8res&rft.pages=203-&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIP1NAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA203"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=FVBEAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA205"><i>L'année scientifique et industrielle</i></a>.  Hachette, 1858, p. 205–.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27ann%C3%A9e+scientifique+et+industrielle&rft.date=1858&rft.pub=Hachette&rft.pages=205%E2%80%93&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFVBEAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA205"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fàbriques194-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Fàbriques194_15-0">15,00</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Fàbriques194_15-1">15,01</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Fàbriques194_15-2">15,02</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Fàbriques194_15-3">15,03</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Fàbriques194_15-4">15,04</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Fàbriques194_15-5">15,05</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Fàbriques194_15-6">15,06</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Fàbriques194_15-7">15,07</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Fàbriques194_15-8">15,08</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Fàbriques194_15-9">15,09</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Fàbriques194_15-10">15,10</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Fàbriques194_15-11">15,11</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Fàbriques194_15-12">15,12</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Fàbriques194_15-13">15,13</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Fàbriques194_15-14">15,14</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Fàbriques194_15-15">15,15</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Fàbriques194_15-16">15,16</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Fàbriques194_15-17">15,17</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Fàbriques194_15-18">15,18</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Fàbriques194_15-19">15,19</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Fàbriques194_15-20">15,20</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="Cabana"><a href="/wiki/Francesc_Cabana_i_Vancells" title="Francesc Cabana i Vancells"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Cabana</span>, Francesc</a>. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/EC-FE-0319101.xml">Un producte delicat i una indústria amb prestigi</a>». A: <i>Fàbriques i empresaris. Els protagonistes de la revolució industrial a Catalunya</i>. 3 Llana. Seda. Gènere de punt. Lli. Jute. Acabats. octubre 2001.  Barcelona: Fundació Enciclopèdia Catalana i Diputació de Barcelona [1a. ed. octubre 1992], p. 194. Dipòsit Legal: B.39.571-2001. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/84-7794-798-8" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/84-7794-798-8">ISBN 84-7794-798-8</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=F%C3%A0briques+i+empresaris.+Els+protagonistes+de+la+revoluci%C3%B3+industrial+a+Catalunya&rft.atitle=Un+producte+delicat+i+una+ind%C3%BAstria+amb+prestigi&rft.aulast=Cabana&rft.aufirst=Francesc&rft.edition=octubre+2001&rft.pub=Fundaci%C3%B3+Enciclop%C3%A8dia+Catalana+i+Diputaci%C3%B3+de+Barcelona&rft.place=Barcelona&rft.pages=194&rft.isbn=84-7794-798-8"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFGleason2006"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Gleason</span>, Carrie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=X_Zfkxfh_zYC&newbks=0&hl=ca"><i>The Biography of Silk</i></a> (en anglès).  Crabtree Publishing Company, 2006, p. 12. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-7787-2487-2" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-7787-2487-2">ISBN 978-0-7787-2487-2</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Biography+of+Silk&rft.aulast=Gleason&rft.aufirst=Carrie&rft.date=2006&rft.pub=Crabtree+Publishing+Company&rft.pages=12&rft.isbn=978-0-7787-2487-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX_Zfkxfh_zYC%26newbks%3D0%26hl%3Dca"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stancati2011-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Stancati2011_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"> «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2011/01/04/taking-the-violence-out-of-silk/">Taking the Violence Out of Silk</a>». <i>Wall Street Journal</i>, 04-01-2011 [Consulta: 22 gener 2015].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140201181101/http://www.peta.org/issues/animals-used-for-clothing/animals-used-clothing-factsheets/silk-birds-insects-exploited-fabric/">Down and Silk: Birds and Insects Exploited for Feathers and Fabric</a>».  <a href="/wiki/PETA" class="mw-redirect" title="PETA">PETA</a>, 19-03-2004. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.peta.org/issues/animals-used-for-clothing/animals-used-clothing-factsheets/silk-birds-insects-exploited-fabric/">original</a> el 1 febrer 2014. [Consulta: 23 gener 2014]. «Silk Production Causes Painful Death for Insects»</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AlexanderCentenary1968-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-AlexanderCentenary1968_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFAlexanderCentenary1968"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Alexander</span>, Horace Gundry; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Centenary</span>, National Committee for the Gandhi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=LGVuAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA349&redir_esc=y"><i>Mahatma Gandhi: 100 years</i></a>.  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gandhi_Peace_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gandhi Peace Foundation (encara no existeix)">Gandhi Peace Foundation</a>; Orient Longmans, 1968, p. 349.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mahatma+Gandhi%3A+100+years&rft.date=1968&rft.pub=%5B%5BGandhi+Peace+Foundation%5D%5D%3B+Orient+Longmans&rft.pages=349&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLGVuAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA349%26redir_esc%3Dy"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fibres_tèxtils" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plantilla:Fibres_t%C3%A8xtils" title="Plantilla:Fibres tèxtils"><img alt="Vegeu aquesta plantilla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/18px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png" 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