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vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Announcement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Announcement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Announcement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Announcement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_release" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_release"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Public release </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_release-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Development </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Features </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Features-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Features subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Web_standards_support" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Web_standards_support"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Web standards support </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Web_standards_support-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-User_interface" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#User_interface"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 User interface </div> </a> <ul id="toc-User_interface-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Built-in_tools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Built-in_tools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Built-in tools </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Built-in_tools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Desktop_shortcuts_and_apps" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Desktop_shortcuts_and_apps"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Desktop shortcuts and apps </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Desktop_shortcuts_and_apps-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chrome_Web_Store" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chrome_Web_Store"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.1 Chrome Web Store </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chrome_Web_Store-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extensions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extensions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Extensions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extensions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Manifest_V3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manifest_V3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.1 Manifest V3 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manifest_V3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.2 Notable examples </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Speed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Speed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Speed </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Speed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 Security </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Password_management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Password_management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7.1 Password management </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Password_management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Windows" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Windows"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7.1.1 Windows </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Windows-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Linux" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linux"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7.1.2 Linux </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linux-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-macOS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#macOS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7.1.3 macOS </div> </a> <ul id="toc-macOS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Security_vulnerabilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Security_vulnerabilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7.2 Security vulnerabilities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Security_vulnerabilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malware_blocking_and_ad_blocking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malware_blocking_and_ad_blocking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7.3 Malware blocking and ad blocking </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malware_blocking_and_ad_blocking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plugins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plugins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7.4 Plugins </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plugins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Privacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Privacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8 Privacy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Privacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Incognito_mode" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Incognito_mode"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8.1 Incognito mode </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Incognito_mode-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Do_Not_Track" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Do_Not_Track"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8.2 Do Not Track </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Do_Not_Track-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.9 Stability </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Release_channels,_cycles_and_updates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Release_channels,_cycles_and_updates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.10 Release channels, cycles and updates </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Release_channels,_cycles_and_updates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Release_version_numbers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Release_version_numbers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.10.1 Release version numbers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Release_version_numbers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Color_management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Color_management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.11 Color management </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Color_management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dinosaur_Game" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dinosaur_Game"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.12 Dinosaur Game </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dinosaur_Game-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Platforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Platforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Platforms </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Platforms-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Platforms subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Platforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Android" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Android"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Android </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Android-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-iOS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#iOS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 iOS </div> </a> <ul id="toc-iOS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Linux_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linux_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Linux </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linux_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Windows_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Windows_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Windows </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Windows_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-macOS_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#macOS_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 macOS </div> </a> <ul id="toc-macOS_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ChromeOS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ChromeOS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 ChromeOS </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ChromeOS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Reception </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Criticism </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Criticism subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Privacy_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Privacy_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Privacy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Privacy_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In-cognito" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In-cognito"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.1 In-cognito </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In-cognito-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Listening_capabilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Listening_capabilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.2 Listening capabilities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Listening_capabilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-User_tracking_concerns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#User_tracking_concerns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.3 User tracking concerns </div> </a> <ul id="toc-User_tracking_concerns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-IP_Protection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IP_Protection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.4 IP Protection </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IP_Protection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Advertising" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Advertising"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Advertising </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Advertising-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-FLoC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#FLoC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.1 FLoC </div> </a> <ul id="toc-FLoC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manifest_V3_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manifest_V3_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.2 Manifest V3 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manifest_V3_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Usage </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Usage-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Usage subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Market_share" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Market_share"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Market share </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Market_share-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enterprise_deployment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enterprise_deployment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Enterprise deployment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enterprise_deployment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chromium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chromium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Chromium </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chromium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Developing_for_Chrome" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Developing_for_Chrome"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Developing for Chrome </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Developing_for_Chrome-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impersonation_by_malware" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impersonation_by_malware"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Impersonation by malware </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impersonation_by_malware-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Google Chrome: Difference between revisions</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 114 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-114" aria-hidden="true" > 114 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%84_%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85" title="جوجل كروم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جوجل كروم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AF%D5%A8%D5%AC_%D5%94%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B4" title="Կուկըլ Քրոմ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Կուկըլ Քրոմ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE" title="गूगल क्रोम – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="गूगल क्रोम" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE" title="গুগল ক্রোম – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গুগল ক্রোম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE" title="गूगल क्रोम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="गूगल क्रोम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%DA%AF%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85" title="گوگل کروم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گوگل کروم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%82%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%B2_%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%AE" title="ગૂગલ ક્રોમ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ગૂગલ ક્રોમ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EA%B8%80_%ED%81%AC%EB%A1%AC" title="구글 크롬 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="구글 크롬" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE" title="गूगल क्रोम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गूगल क्रोम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%95%D7%92%D7%9C_%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9D" title="גוגל כרום – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גוגל כרום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C_%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8C%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ಗೂಗಲ್‌ ಕ್ರೋಮ್‌ ಬ್ರೌಸರ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗೂಗಲ್‌ ಕ್ರೋಮ್‌ ಬ್ರೌಸರ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%97%DA%AF%D9%8F%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%97%D9%85" title="گوٗگُل کروٗم – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="گوٗگُل کروٗم" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_chrome" title="Google chrome – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Google chrome" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target">Li Niha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BE_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%82" title="ഗൂഗിൾ ക്രോം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗൂഗിൾ ക്രോം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE" title="गूगल क्रोम – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="गूगल क्रोम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%84_%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85" title="جوجل كروم – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جوجل كروم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%B0%E1%80%82%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%81%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ဂူဂယ် ခရုမ်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂူဂယ် ခရုမ်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE" title="गुगल क्रोम – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="गुगल क्रोम" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%9C%DF%AD%DF%8E%DF%9C%DF%AD%DF%8F%DF%9F_%DF%9E%DF%99%DF%8F%DF%A1" title="ߜ߭ߎߜ߭ߏߟ ߞߙߏߡ – N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߜ߭ߎߜ߭ߏߟ ߞߙߏߡ" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target">ߒߞߏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AE" title="ਗੂਗਲ ਕ੍ਰੋਮ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗੂਗਲ ਕ੍ਰੋਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%DA%AF%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85" title="گوگل کروم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گوگل کروم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%9E_%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%A2" title="ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱠᱨᱳᱢ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱠᱨᱳᱢ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A" title="ගූගල් ක්‍රෝම් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ගූගල් ක්‍රෝම්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%88%DA%AF%DA%B5_%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%86%D9%85" title="گووگڵ کرۆم – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گووگڵ کرۆم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கூகிள் குரோம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கூகிள் குரோம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D" title="గూగుల్ క్రోమ్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గూగుల్ క్రోమ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5_%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1" title="กูเกิล โครม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กูเกิล โครม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%DA%AF%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85" title="گوگل کروم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گوگل کروم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B0%B7%E6%AD%8C%E9%89%BB" title="谷歌鉻 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="谷歌鉻" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%95%D7%92%D7%9C_%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9D" title="גוגל כראם – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="גוגל כראם" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Google Chrome" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q777#sitelinks-wikipedia" 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href="/w/index.php?title=User:Renamed_user_4dad7e588a51f79cd4300e33d3ec1a56&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new mw-userlink" title="User:Renamed user 4dad7e588a51f79cd4300e33d3ec1a56 (page does not exist)" data-mw-revid="1245656340"><bdi>Renamed user 4dad7e588a51f79cd4300e33d3ec1a56</bdi></a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Renamed_user_4dad7e588a51f79cd4300e33d3ec1a56" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Renamed user 4dad7e588a51f79cd4300e33d3ec1a56">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Renamed_user_4dad7e588a51f79cd4300e33d3ec1a56" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Renamed user 4dad7e588a51f79cd4300e33d3ec1a56">contribs</a>)<div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount">39 edits</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle3"><abbr class="minoredit" title="This is a minor edit">m</abbr> <a href="#Features">→<bdi dir="ltr">Features</bdi></a>: Fixed grammar</div><div id="mw-diff-otitle5"><a href="/wiki/Special:Tags" title="Special:Tags">Tags</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Canned_edit_summaries" title="Wikipedia:Canned edit summaries">canned edit summary</a> Mobile edit Mobile app edit Android app edit <a class="external text" href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Mobile_App_Edits_Revision_Tags#app-section-source">App section source</a></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Google_Chrome&diff=prev&oldid=1245656340" title="Google Chrome" id="differences-prevlink">← Previous edit</a></div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-ntitle diff-side-added"><div id="mw-diff-ntitle1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Google_Chrome&oldid=1246267881" title="Google Chrome">Revision as of 22:45, 17 September 2024</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Google_Chrome&action=edit&oldid=1246267881" title="Google Chrome">view source</a> </div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle2"><a href="/wiki/User:Ryan200107280728" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Ryan200107280728" data-mw-revid="1246267881"><bdi>Ryan200107280728</bdi></a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Ryan200107280728" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Ryan200107280728">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Ryan200107280728" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Ryan200107280728">contribs</a>)<div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Extended_confirmed_editors" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Extended confirmed editors">Extended confirmed users</a></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount">888 edits</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle3"> <a href="#Platforms">→<bdi dir="ltr">Platforms</bdi></a>: Chrome support for Catalina dropped.</div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle5"><a href="/wiki/Special:Tags" title="Special:Tags">Tag</a>: <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/2017_wikitext_editor">2017 wikitext editor</a></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Google_Chrome&diff=next&oldid=1246267881" title="Google Chrome" id="differences-nextlink">Next edit →</a></div></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 309:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 309:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>The current version of Chrome runs on:</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>The current version of Chrome runs on:</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>* [[Windows 10]] or later<ref name="support dl">{{cite web |title=Download & install Google Chrome - Computer |url=https://support.google.com/chrome/answer/95346 |access-date=February 13, 2024 |website=Google Chrome Help |at=System requirements to use Chrome |language=en-US |archive-date=April 23, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423073623/https://support.google.com/chrome/answer/95346 |url-status=live }}</ref></div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>* [[Windows 10]] or later<ref name="support dl">{{cite web |title=Download & install Google Chrome - Computer |url=https://support.google.com/chrome/answer/95346 |access-date=February 13, 2024 |website=Google Chrome Help |at=System requirements to use Chrome |language=en-US |archive-date=April 23, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423073623/https://support.google.com/chrome/answer/95346 |url-status=live }}</ref></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>* [[MacOS <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Catalina</del>|macOS <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">10.15</del>]] or later<ref name="support dl" /></div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>* [[MacOS <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Big Sur</ins>|macOS <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">11</ins>]] or later<ref name="support dl" /></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>* [[64-bit computing|64-bit]] versions of [[Ubuntu]] 18.04+, [[Debian]] 10+, [[openSUSE]] 15.2+ and [[Fedora Linux|Fedora]] 32+<ref name="support dl" /></div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>* [[64-bit computing|64-bit]] versions of [[Ubuntu]] 18.04+, [[Debian]] 10+, [[openSUSE]] 15.2+ and [[Fedora Linux|Fedora]] 32+<ref name="support dl" /></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>* [[Android Oreo]] or later, Android 10 or later for 64-bit Chrome</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>* [[Android Oreo]] or later, Android 10 or later for 64-bit Chrome</div></td> </tr> </table><hr class='diff-hr' id='mw-oldid' /> <h2 class='diff-currentversion-title'>Revision as of 22:45, 17 September 2024</h2> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Web browser developed by Google</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the web browser. For the operating system, see <a href="/wiki/ChromeOS" title="ChromeOS">ChromeOS</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Chrome_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Chrome (disambiguation)">Chrome (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (December 2023)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Google Chrome</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><a href="/wiki/File:Google_Chrome_icon_(February_2022).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Google_Chrome_icon_%28February_2022%29.svg/120px-Google_Chrome_icon_%28February_2022%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Google_Chrome_icon_%28February_2022%29.svg/180px-Google_Chrome_icon_%28February_2022%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Google_Chrome_icon_%28February_2022%29.svg/240px-Google_Chrome_icon_%28February_2022%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Logo used since February 2022</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><a href="/wiki/File:Google_Chrome_on_Windows_10_screenshot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/51/Google_Chrome_on_Windows_10_screenshot.png/220px-Google_Chrome_on_Windows_10_screenshot.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/51/Google_Chrome_on_Windows_10_screenshot.png/330px-Google_Chrome_on_Windows_10_screenshot.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/51/Google_Chrome_on_Windows_10_screenshot.png/440px-Google_Chrome_on_Windows_10_screenshot.png 2x" data-file-width="683" data-file-height="384" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Screenshot of Google Chrome</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Windows</th><td class="infobox-data">Beta / September 2, 2008; 16 years ago (2008-09-02)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Windows</th><td class="infobox-data">1.0 / December 11, 2008; 15 years ago (2008-12-11)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">macOS, Linux</th><td class="infobox-data">Preview / June 4, 2009; 15 years ago (2009-06-04)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">macOS, Linux</th><td class="infobox-data">Beta / December 8, 2009; 14 years ago (2009-12-08)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Multiplatform</th><td class="infobox-data">5.0 / May 25, 2010; 14 years ago (2010-05-25)</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release(s)</a> <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Latest_stable_software_release/Google_Chrome?action=edit">[±]</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Windows, macOS, Linux</th><td class="infobox-data">131.0.6778.85/86<a href="#cite_note-wikidata-46684d6dd09f7babdd54ab3e2d92b121b865a958-v18-1">[1]</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777?uselang=en#P348" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a> / 19 November 2024; 11 days ago (19 November 2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Windows Server 2012/2012 R2</th><td class="infobox-data">109.0.5414.165<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> / 13 September 2023; 14 months ago (2023-09-13)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Android</th><td class="infobox-data">131.0.6778.81<a href="#cite_note-wikidata-9deb558434919fff48a7a9d4b295e970af52aa82-v18-3">[3]</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777?uselang=en#P348" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a> / 19 November 2024; 11 days ago (19 November 2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">iOS, iPadOS</th><td class="infobox-data">131.0.6778.73<a href="#cite_note-wikidata-25f6119910fdda3bf41ce7802e6177596327c7a9-v18-4">[4]</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777?uselang=en#P348" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a> / 12 November 2024; 18 days ago (12 November 2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Extended Support Release</th><td class="infobox-data">130.0.6723.127<a href="#cite_note-wikidata-dcd79f355c82736f521fc1b178b86a984f705379-v18-5">[5]</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777?uselang=en#P348" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a> / 12 November 2024; 18 days ago (12 November 2024)</td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle#Beta" title="Software release life cycle">Preview release(s)</a> <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Latest_preview_software_release/Google_Chrome?action=edit">[±]</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Windows, macOS, Linux</th><td class="infobox-data">132.0.6834.15<a href="#cite_note-wikidata-728420002a4456d67e0c3346e6ef34c4ec223371-v18-6">[6]</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777?uselang=en#P348" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a> / 20 November 2024; 10 days ago (20 November 2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Android</th><td class="infobox-data">132.0.6834.14<a href="#cite_note-wikidata-d691958e6b0abf7cd673bd1bd05d8743fbf77254-v18-7">[7]</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777?uselang=en#P348" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a> / 20 November 2024; 10 days ago (20 November 2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">iOS, iPadOS</th><td class="infobox-data">132.0.6834.14<a href="#cite_note-wikidata-6d6dfae709f208e8770f4048d9fdd0560749ead5-v18-8">[8]</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777?uselang=en#P348" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a> / 20 November 2024; 10 days ago (20 November 2024)</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assembly_language" title="Assembly language">Assembly</a>, <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a>, <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a> (Android app only), <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>, <a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_engine" title="Software engine">Engines</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Blink_(browser_engine)" title="Blink (browser engine)">Blink</a> (<a href="/wiki/WebKit" title="WebKit">WebKit</a> on iOS), <a href="/wiki/V8_JavaScript_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="V8 JavaScript engine">V8 JavaScript engine</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Android_Oreo" title="Android Oreo">Android Oreo</a> or later<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ChromeOS" title="ChromeOS">ChromeOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_16" title="IOS 16">iOS 16</a> or later<a href="#cite_note-iOSlatest-13">[13]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Catalina" title="MacOS Catalina">macOS 10.15</a> or later</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_10" title="Windows 10">Windows 10</a> or later</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Platform</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a>, <a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a>, <a href="/wiki/ARMv7" class="mw-redirect" title="ARMv7">ARMv7</a>, <a href="/wiki/ARMv8-A" class="mw-redirect" title="ARMv8-A">ARMv8-A</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Included with</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Android_Oreo" title="Android Oreo">Android Oreo</a> or later</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ChromeOS" title="ChromeOS">ChromeOS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Available in</th><td class="infobox-data">47 languages<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">Web browser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mobile_browser" title="Mobile browser">mobile browser</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a> <a href="/wiki/Freeware" title="Freeware">freeware</a>, based on open source components<a href="#cite_note-TOS-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[note 1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/chrome/">www.google.com/chrome/</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> Google Chrome is a <a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browser</a> developed by <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>. It was first released in 2008 for <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>, built with <a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">free software</a> components from <a href="/wiki/Apple_WebKit" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple WebKit">Apple WebKit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Firefox" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozilla Firefox">Mozilla Firefox</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-17">[16]</a> Versions were later released for <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a>, and also for <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a>, where it is the default browser.<a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a> The browser is also the main component of <a href="/wiki/ChromeOS" title="ChromeOS">ChromeOS</a>, where it serves as the platform for <a href="/wiki/Web_application" title="Web application">web applications</a>. Most of Chrome's <a href="/wiki/Source_code" title="Source code">source code</a> comes from Google's <a href="/wiki/Free_and_open-source_software" title="Free and open-source software">free and open-source software</a> project <a href="/wiki/Chromium_(web_browser)" title="Chromium (web browser)">Chromium</a>, but Chrome is licensed as proprietary <a href="/wiki/Freeware" title="Freeware">freeware</a>.<a href="#cite_note-TOS-15">[15]</a> <a href="/wiki/WebKit" title="WebKit">WebKit</a> was the original <a href="/wiki/Browser_engine" title="Browser engine">rendering engine</a>, but Google eventually <a href="/wiki/Fork_(software_development)" title="Fork (software development)">forked</a> it to create the <a href="/wiki/Blink_(browser_engine)" title="Blink (browser engine)">Blink</a> engine;<a href="#cite_note-bright_2013-19">[18]</a> all Chrome variants except iOS used Blink as of 2017.<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> As of April 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Google_Chrome&action=edit">[update]</a>, <a href="/wiki/StatCounter" title="StatCounter">StatCounter</a> estimates that Chrome has a 65% worldwide <a href="/wiki/Usage_share_of_web_browsers" title="Usage share of web browsers">browser market share</a> (after peaking at 72.38% in November 2018) on <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computers</a> (PC),<a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a> is most used on tablets (having surpassed <a href="/wiki/Safari_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Safari (software)">Safari</a>), and is also dominant on smartphones.<a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a> With a market share of 65% across all platforms combined, Chrome is the most used web browser in the world today.<a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a> Google <a href="/wiki/Chief_Executive" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Executive">Chief Executive</a> <a href="/wiki/Eric_Schmidt" title="Eric Schmidt">Eric Schmidt</a> was previously involved in the "<a href="/wiki/Browser_wars" title="Browser wars">browser wars</a>", a part of U.S. <a href="/wiki/Corporation" title="Corporation">corporate history</a>, and opposed the expansion of the company into such a new area. However, Google co-founders <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Brin" title="Sergey Brin">Sergey Brin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Larry_Page" title="Larry Page">Larry Page</a> spearheaded a software demonstration that pushed Schmidt into making Chrome a core business priority, which resulted in commercial success.<a href="#cite_note-wsj-25">[24]</a> Because of the proliferation of Chrome, Google has expanded the "Chrome" brand name to other products. These include not just ChromeOS but also <a href="/wiki/Chromecast" title="Chromecast">Chromecast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chromebook" title="Chromebook">Chromebook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chromebit" title="Chromebit">Chromebit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chromebox" title="Chromebox">Chromebox</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chromebase" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromebase">Chromebase</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Google" title="History of Google">History of Google</a></div> Google chief executive Eric Schmidt opposed the development of an independent web browser for six years. He stated that "at the time, Google was a small company", and he did not want to go through "bruising browser wars". Company co-founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page hired several <a href="/wiki/Firefox" title="Firefox">Mozilla Firefox</a> developers and built a demonstration of Chrome. Afterwards, Schmidt said, "It was so good that it essentially forced me to change my mind."<a href="#cite_note-wsj-25">[24]</a> In September 2004, rumors of Google building a web browser first appeared. Online journals and U.S. newspapers stated at the time that Google was hiring former Microsoft web developers among others. It also came shortly after the release of Mozilla Firefox 1.0, which was surging in popularity and taking market share from <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</a>, which had noted security problems.<a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a> Chrome is based on the open-source code of the Chromium project.<a href="#cite_note-:0-17">[16]</a> Development of the browser began in 2006,<a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a> spearheaded by <a href="/wiki/Sundar_Pichai" title="Sundar Pichai">Sundar Pichai</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a> Chrome was "largely developed" in Google's <a href="/wiki/Kitchener,_Ontario" title="Kitchener, Ontario">Kitchener</a> office.<a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Announcement">Announcement</h3></div> The release announcement was originally scheduled for September 3, 2008, and a comic by <a href="/wiki/Scott_McCloud" title="Scott McCloud">Scott McCloud</a> was to be sent to journalists and bloggers explaining the features within the new browser.<a href="#cite_note-mccloud-30">[29]</a> Copies intended for Europe were shipped early and <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a> blogger Philipp Lenssen of Google Blogoscoped made a scanned copy of the 38-page comic available on his website after receiving it on September 1, 2008.<a href="#cite_note-lenssen-31">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-comic-32">[31]</a> Google subsequently made the comic available on <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>,<a href="#cite_note-chrome-comic-33">[32]</a> and mentioned it on their official blog along with an explanation for the early release.<a href="#cite_note-releasedate-34">[33]</a> The product was named "Chrome" as an initial development project <a href="/wiki/Code_name" title="Code name">code name</a>, because it is associated with fast cars and speed. Google kept the development project name as the final release name, as a "cheeky" or ironic moniker, as one of the main aims was to minimize the <a href="/wiki/User_interface_chrome" class="mw-redirect" title="User interface chrome">user interface chrome</a>.<a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_release">Public release</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:File-Chromium-Linux-Alpha.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/File-Chromium-Linux-Alpha.png/220px-File-Chromium-Linux-Alpha.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/File-Chromium-Linux-Alpha.png/330px-File-Chromium-Linux-Alpha.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/File-Chromium-Linux-Alpha.png/440px-File-Chromium-Linux-Alpha.png 2x" data-file-width="871" data-file-height="721" /></a><figcaption>An early version of Chromium for Linux, explaining the difference between Chrome and Chromium</figcaption></figure> The browser was first publicly released, officially as a <a href="/wiki/Beta_version" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta version">beta version</a>,<a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> on September 2, 2008, for <a href="/wiki/Windows_XP" title="Windows XP">Windows XP</a> and newer, and with support for 43 languages, and later as a "stable" public release on December 11, 2008. On that same day, a <a href="/wiki/CNET" title="CNET">CNET</a> news item drew attention to a passage in the Terms of Service statement for the initial beta release, which seemed to grant to Google a license to all content transferred via the Chrome browser.<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> This passage was inherited from the general Google terms of service.<a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a> Google responded to this criticism immediately by stating that the language used was borrowed from other products, and removed this passage from the Terms of Service.<a href="#cite_note-TOS-15">[15]</a> Chrome quickly gained about 1% usage share.<a href="#cite_note-releasedate-34">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-CBC-40">[39]</a> After the initial surge, usage share dropped until it hit a low of 0.69% in October 2008. It then started rising again and by December 2008, Chrome again passed the 1% threshold.<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> In early January 2009, CNET reported that Google planned to release versions of Chrome for macOS X and Linux in the first half of the year.<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a> The first official Chrome OS X and Linux developer previews were announced on June 4, 2009,<a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> with a blog post saying they were missing many features and were intended for early feedback rather than general use.<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> In December 2009, Google released beta versions of Chrome for OS X and Linux.<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-Extensions_beta-46">[45]</a> Google Chrome 5.0, announced on May 25, 2010, was the first stable release to support all three platforms.<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> Chrome was one of the twelve browsers offered on <a href="/wiki/BrowserChoice.eu" title="BrowserChoice.eu">BrowserChoice.eu</a> to <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Area" title="European Economic Area">European Economic Area</a> users of Microsoft Windows in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development">Development</h3></div> Chrome was assembled from 25 different code libraries from Google and third parties such as <a href="/wiki/Mozilla" title="Mozilla">Mozilla</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Netscape_Portable_Runtime" title="Netscape Portable Runtime">Netscape Portable Runtime</a>, <a href="/wiki/Network_Security_Services" title="Network Security Services">Network Security Services</a>, <a href="/wiki/NPAPI" title="NPAPI">NPAPI</a> (dropped as of version 45),<a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a> <a href="/wiki/Skia_Graphics_Engine" title="Skia Graphics Engine">Skia Graphics Engine</a>, <a href="/wiki/SQLite" title="SQLite">SQLite</a>, and a number of other open-source projects.<a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> The <a href="/wiki/V8_(JavaScript_engine)" title="V8 (JavaScript engine)">V8</a> <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> <a href="/wiki/Virtual_machine" title="Virtual machine">virtual machine</a> was considered a sufficiently important project to be split off (as was <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Systems">Adobe</a>/Mozilla's <a href="/wiki/Tamarin_(software)" title="Tamarin (software)">Tamarin</a>) and handled by a separate team in Denmark coordinated by <a href="/wiki/Lars_Bak_(computer_programmer)" title="Lars Bak (computer programmer)">Lars Bak</a>. According to Google, existing implementations were designed "for small programs, where the performance and interactivity of the system weren't that important", but web applications such as <a href="/wiki/Gmail" title="Gmail">Gmail</a> "are using the web browser to the fullest when it comes to <a href="/wiki/Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">DOM</a> manipulations and JavaScript", and therefore would significantly benefit from a JavaScript engine that could work faster. Chrome initially used the WebKit rendering engine to display web pages. In 2013, they forked the WebCore component to create their own layout engine Blink. Based on WebKit, Blink only uses WebKit's "WebCore" components, while substituting other components, such as its own multi-process architecture, in place of WebKit's native implementation.<a href="#cite_note-bright_2013-19">[18]</a> Chrome is internally tested with <a href="/wiki/Unit_testing" title="Unit testing">unit testing</a>, automated testing of scripted user actions, <a href="/wiki/Fuzz_testing" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuzz testing">fuzz testing</a>, as well as WebKit's layout tests (99% of which Chrome is claimed to have passed), and against commonly accessed websites inside the Google index within 20–30 minutes.<a href="#cite_note-chrome-comic-33">[32]</a> Google created <a href="/wiki/Gears_(software)" title="Gears (software)">Gears</a> for Chrome, which added features for <a href="/wiki/Web_developer" title="Web developer">web developers</a> typically relating to the building of web applications, including offline support.<a href="#cite_note-chrome-comic-33">[32]</a> Google phased out Gears as the same functionality became available in the <a href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</a> standards.<a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a> In March 2011, Google introduced a new simplified logo to replace the previous 3D logo that had been used since the project's inception. Google designer Steve Rura explained the company reasoning for the change: "Since Chrome is all about making your web experience as easy and clutter-free as possible, we refreshed the Chrome icon to better represent these sentiments. A simpler icon embodies the Chrome spirit – to make the web quicker, lighter, and easier for all."<a href="#cite_note-Blog21Mar11-52">[51]</a> On January 11, 2011, the Chrome product manager, Mike Jazayeri, announced that Chrome would remove <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Video_Coding" title="Advanced Video Coding">H.264 video codec</a> support for its HTML5 player, citing the desire to bring Google Chrome more in line with the currently available open codecs available in the Chromium project, which Chrome is based on.<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> Despite this, on November 6, 2012, Google released a version of Chrome on Windows which added <a href="/wiki/Hardware_acceleration" title="Hardware acceleration">hardware-accelerated</a> H.264 video decoding.<a href="#cite_note-November_2012_announcements-54">[53]</a> In October 2013, <a href="/wiki/Cisco" title="Cisco">Cisco</a> announced that it was open-sourcing its H.264 codecs, and it would cover all fees required.<a href="#cite_note-Cisco30Oct13-55">[54]</a> On February 7, 2012, Google launched Google Chrome Beta for <a href="/wiki/Android_Ice_Cream_Sandwich" title="Android Ice Cream Sandwich">Android 4.0</a> devices.<a href="#cite_note-engadget-56">[55]</a> On many new devices with <a href="/wiki/Android_Jelly_Bean" title="Android Jelly Bean">Android 4.1</a> or later preinstalled, Chrome is the default browser.<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> In May 2017, Google announced a version of Chrome for <a href="/wiki/Augmented_reality" title="Augmented reality">augmented reality</a> and <a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality" title="Virtual reality">virtual reality</a> devices.<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2></div> Google Chrome features a minimalistic user interface, with its user-interface principles later being implemented into other browsers. For example, the merging of the <a href="/wiki/Address_bar" title="Address bar">address bar</a> and search bar into the omnibox or omnibar<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a> Chrome also has a reputation for strong browser performance.<a href="#cite_note-CNET_speed_test-61">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Web_standards_support">Web standards support</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Acid3-Chrome4Dev.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Acid3-Chrome4Dev.PNG/220px-Acid3-Chrome4Dev.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Acid3-Chrome4Dev.PNG/330px-Acid3-Chrome4Dev.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Acid3-Chrome4Dev.PNG/440px-Acid3-Chrome4Dev.PNG 2x" data-file-width="649" data-file-height="438" /></a><figcaption>The results of the <a href="/wiki/Acid3" title="Acid3">Acid3</a> test on Google Chrome 4.0</figcaption></figure><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (September 2022)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> The first release of Google Chrome passed both the <a href="/wiki/Acid1" title="Acid1">Acid1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Acid2" title="Acid2">Acid2</a> tests. Beginning with version 4.0, Chrome has passed all aspects of the <a href="/wiki/Acid3" title="Acid3">Acid3</a> test.<a href="#cite_note-chrome4-63">[62]</a> As of May 2011<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Google_Chrome&action=edit">[update]</a>, Chrome has very good support for JavaScript/<a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">ECMAScript</a> according to <a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">Ecma International</a>'s ECMAScript standards conformance Test 262<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> (version ES5.1 May 18, 2012). This test reports as the final score the number of tests a browser failed; hence lower scores are better. In this test, Chrome version 37 scored 10 failed/11,578 passed. For comparison, Firefox 19 scored 193 failed/11,752 passed and Internet Explorer 9 had a score of 600+ failed, while Internet Explorer 10 had a score of 7 failed. In 2011, on the official CSS 2.1 test suite by standardization organization <a href="/wiki/W3C" class="mw-redirect" title="W3C">W3C</a>, WebKit, the Chrome rendering engine, passed 89.75% (89.38% out of 99.59% covered) CSS 2.1 tests.<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> On the HTML5 web standards test, Chrome 41 scored 518 out of 555 points, placing it ahead of the five most popular desktop browsers.<a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> Chrome 41 on Android scored 510 out of 555 points.<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a> Chrome 44 scored 526, only 29 points less than the maximum score.<a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="User_interface">User interface</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:154px;max-width:154px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Google Chrome logos</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Google_Chrome_icon_(March_2011).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Google_Chrome_icon_%28March_2011%29.svg/150px-Google_Chrome_icon_%28March_2011%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Google_Chrome_icon_%28March_2011%29.svg/225px-Google_Chrome_icon_%28March_2011%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Google_Chrome_icon_%28March_2011%29.svg/300px-Google_Chrome_icon_%28March_2011%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">2D motif from March 2011 until October 2015</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Google_Chrome_icon_(September_2014).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Google_Chrome_icon_%28September_2014%29.svg/150px-Google_Chrome_icon_%28September_2014%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Google_Chrome_icon_%28September_2014%29.svg/225px-Google_Chrome_icon_%28September_2014%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Google_Chrome_icon_%28September_2014%29.svg/300px-Google_Chrome_icon_%28September_2014%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Material_Design" title="Material Design">Material Design</a> motif used from September 2014 onward for mobile versions and October 2015 onward for desktop versions</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Google_Chrome_icon_(February_2022).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Google_Chrome_icon_%28February_2022%29.svg/150px-Google_Chrome_icon_%28February_2022%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Google_Chrome_icon_%28February_2022%29.svg/225px-Google_Chrome_icon_%28February_2022%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Google_Chrome_icon_%28February_2022%29.svg/300px-Google_Chrome_icon_%28February_2022%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">New Google Chrome logo from 2022. It has increased brightness and clarity compared to the previous logo.</div></div></div></div></div> By default, the main <a href="/wiki/User_interface" title="User interface">user interface</a> includes back, forward, refresh/cancel and menu buttons. A home button is not shown by default, but can be added through the Settings page to take the user to the new tab page or a custom home page.<a href="#cite_note-HomeButton-72">[71]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tab_(interface)" title="Tab (interface)">Tabs</a> are the main component of Chrome's user interface and have been moved to the top of the window rather than below the controls. This subtle change contrasts with many existing tabbed browsers which are based on <a href="/wiki/Window_(computing)" title="Window (computing)">windows</a> and contain tabs. Tabs, with their state, can be transferred seamlessly between window containers by dragging. Each tab has its own set of controls, including the Omnibox.<a href="#cite_note-chrome-comic-33">[32]</a> The Omnibox is a URL box that combines the functions of both the address bar and search box. If a user enters the URL of a site previously searched from, Chrome allows pressing Tab to search the site again directly from the Omnibox. When a user starts typing in the Omnibox, Chrome provides suggestions for previously visited sites (based on the URL or in-page text), popular websites (not necessarily visited before – powered by <a href="/wiki/Google_Instant" class="mw-redirect" title="Google Instant">Google Instant</a>), and popular searches. Although Instant can be turned off, suggestions based on previously visited sites cannot be turned off. Chrome will also <a href="/wiki/Autocomplete" title="Autocomplete">autocomplete</a> the URLs of sites visited often.<a href="#cite_note-chrome-comic-33">[32]</a> If a user types keywords into the Omnibox that do not match any previously visited websites and presses enter, Chrome will conduct the search using the default search engine. One of Chrome's differentiating features is the New Tab Page, which can replace the browser <a href="/wiki/Home_page" title="Home page">home page</a> and is displayed when a new tab is created. Originally, this showed thumbnails of the nine most visited websites, along with frequent searches, recent bookmarks, and recently closed tabs; similar to Internet Explorer and Firefox with <a href="/wiki/Google_Toolbar" title="Google Toolbar">Google Toolbar</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Opera_(web_browser)" title="Opera (web browser)">Opera's</a> <a href="/wiki/Features_of_the_Opera_web_browser#Speed_Dial" title="Features of the Opera web browser">Speed Dial</a>.<a href="#cite_note-chrome-comic-33">[32]</a> In Google Chrome 2.0, the New Tab Page was updated to allow users to hide thumbnails they did not want to appear.<a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a> Starting in version 3.0, the New Tab Page was revamped to display thumbnails of the eight most visited websites. The thumbnails could be rearranged, pinned, and removed. Alternatively, a list of text links could be displayed instead of thumbnails. It also features a "Recently closed" bar that shows recently closed tabs and a "tips" section that displays hints and tricks for using the browser.<a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a> Starting with Google Chrome 3.0, users can install themes to alter the appearance of the browser.<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a> Many free third-party themes are provided in an online gallery,<a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a> accessible through a "Get themes" button in Chrome's options.<a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a> Chrome includes a bookmarks submenu that lists the user's bookmarks, provides easy access to Chrome's Bookmark Manager, and allows the user to toggle a bookmarks bar on or off. On January 2, 2019, Google introduced Native Dark Theme for Chrome on <a href="/wiki/Windows_10" title="Windows 10">Windows 10</a>.<a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a> In 2023, it was announced that Chrome would be completely revamped, using Google's <a href="/wiki/Material_You" class="mw-redirect" title="Material You">Material You</a> design language, the revamp would include more rounded corners, Chrome colors being swapped out for a similar dynamic color system introduced in <a href="/wiki/Android_12" title="Android 12">Android 12</a>, a revamped address bar, new icons and tabs, and a more simplified 3 dot menu.<a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Built-in_tools">Built-in tools</h3></div> Starting with Google Chrome 4.1, the application added a built-in translation bar using <a href="/wiki/Google_Translate" title="Google Translate">Google Translate</a>. Language translation is currently available for 52 languages.<a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a> When Chrome detects a foreign language other than the user's preferred language set during the installation time, it asks the user whether or not to translate. Chrome allows users to synchronize their bookmarks, history, and settings across all devices with the browser installed by sending and receiving data through a chosen Google Account, which in turn updates all signed-in instances of Chrome. This can be authenticated either through Google credentials, or a sync passphrase. For web developers, Chrome has an element inspector which allows users to look into the DOM and see what makes up the webpage.<a href="#cite_note-features-81">[80]</a> Chrome has special URLs that load application-specific pages instead of websites or files on disk. Chrome also has a built-in ability to enable experimental features. Originally called <code>about:labs</code>, the address was changed to <code>about:flags</code> to make it less obvious to casual users.<a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-AboutFlags19Oct10-83">[82]</a> The desktop edition of Chrome is able to save pages as HTML with assets in a "_files" subfolder, or as unprocessed HTML-only document. It also offers an option to save in the <a href="/wiki/MHTML" title="MHTML">MHTML</a> format.<a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Desktop_shortcuts_and_apps">Desktop shortcuts and apps</h3></div> Chrome allows users to make local desktop <a href="/wiki/Shortcut_(computing)" title="Shortcut (computing)">shortcuts</a> that open web applications in the browser. The browser, when opened in this way, contains none of the regular interface except for the title bar, so as not to "interrupt anything the user is trying to do". This allows web applications to run alongside local software (similar to <a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Prism" title="Mozilla Prism">Mozilla Prism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fluid_(web_browser)" title="Fluid (web browser)">Fluid</a>).<a href="#cite_note-chrome-comic-33">[32]</a> This feature, according to Google, would be enhanced with the <a href="/wiki/Chrome_Web_Store" title="Chrome Web Store">Chrome Web Store</a>, a one-stop web-based web applications directory which opened in December 2010.<a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[85]</a> In September 2013, Google started making Chrome apps "For your desktop". This meant offline access, desktop shortcuts, and less dependence on Chrome—apps launch in a window separate from Chrome, and look more like native applications.<a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chrome_Web_Store">Chrome Web Store</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Chrome_Web_Store" title="Chrome Web Store">Chrome Web Store</a></div> Announced on December 7, 2010, the Chrome Web Store allows users to install web applications as extensions to the browser, although most of these extensions function simply as links to popular web pages or games, some of the apps like <a href="/wiki/Springpad" title="Springpad">Springpad</a> do provide extra features like offline access. The themes and extensions have also been tightly integrated into the new store, allowing users to search the entire catalog of Chrome extras.<a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a> The Chrome Web Store was opened on February 11, 2011, with the release of Google Chrome 9.0.<a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Extensions">Extensions</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/Browser_extension" title="Browser extension">Browser extensions</a> are able to modify Google Chrome. They are supported by the browser's desktop edition,<a href="#cite_note-chromeblog2009-90">[89]</a> but not on mobile. These extensions are written using web technologies like <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a>, JavaScript, and <a href="/wiki/CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a>.<a href="#cite_note-91">[90]</a> They are distributed through Chrome Web Store,<a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a> initially known as the Google Chrome Extensions Gallery.<a href="#cite_note-chromeblog2009-90">[89]</a> Some extensions focus on providing accessibility features. Google Tone is an extension developed by Google that when enabled, can use a computer's speakers to exchange <a href="/wiki/URLs" class="mw-redirect" title="URLs">URLs</a> with nearby computers with an Internet connection that have the extension enabled as well.<a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a> On September 9, 2009, Google enabled extensions by default on Chrome's developer channel, and provided several sample extensions for testing.<a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a> In December, the Google Chrome Extensions Gallery beta began with approximately 300 extensions.<a href="#cite_note-Extensions_beta-46">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[95]</a> It was launched on January 25, 2010, along with Google Chrome 4.0, containing approximately 1500 extensions.<a href="#cite_note-97">[96]</a> In 2014, Google started preventing some Windows users from installing extensions not hosted on the Chrome Web Store.<a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[98]</a> The following year Google reported a "75% drop in customer support help requests for uninstalling unwanted extensions" which led them to expand this restriction to all Windows and Mac users.<a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Manifest_V3">Manifest V3</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="#Manifest_V3_2">§ Criticism of Manifest V3</a></div> In October 2018, Google announced a major future update to Chrome's extension <a href="/wiki/API" title="API">API</a>, known as "Manifest V3" (in reference to the <a href="/wiki/Manifest_file" title="Manifest file">manifest file</a> contained within extensions). Manifest V3 is intended to modernize the extension architecture and improve the security and performance of the browser; it adopts declarative APIs to "decrease the need for overly-broad access and enable more performant implementation by the browser", replaces background pages with feature-limited "Service Workers" to reduce resource usage, and prohibits remotely-hosted code.<a href="#cite_note-101">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a> Google faced a criticism for this change since it limits the number of rules and types of expressions that may be checked by adblockers. Additionally, the prohibition of remotely-hosted code will restrict the ability for adblocking filter lists to be updated independently of the extension itself. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Notable_examples">Notable examples</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable selfref">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Google_Chrome_extensions" title="Category:Google Chrome extensions">Category:Google Chrome extensions</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adblock_Plus" title="Adblock Plus">Adblock Plus</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[103]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AdBlock" title="AdBlock">Adblock for Chrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cut_the_Rope" title="Cut the Rope">Cut the Rope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dropbox" title="Dropbox">Dropbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evernote" title="Evernote">Evernote</a> Web</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Messenger" class="mw-redirect" title="Facebook Messenger">Facebook Messenger</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghostery" title="Ghostery">Ghostery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Maps" title="Google Maps">Google Maps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTPS_Everywhere" title="HTTPS Everywhere">HTTPS Everywhere</a> (discontinued)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandora_(service)" title="Pandora (service)">Pandora Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixlr" title="Pixlr">Pixlr</a> Express</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privacy_Badger" title="Privacy Badger">Privacy Badger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streamus" title="Streamus">Streamus</a> (discontinued)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TweetDeck" title="TweetDeck">TweetDeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Tony_Meow" title="Stop Tony Meow">Stop Tony Meow</a> (discontinued)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UBlock_Origin" title="UBlock Origin">uBlock Origin</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Speed">Speed</h3></div> The JavaScript virtual machine used by Chrome, the V8 JavaScript engine, has features such as <a href="/wiki/Just-in-time_compilation" title="Just-in-time compilation">dynamic code generation</a>, hidden class transitions, and <a href="/wiki/Tracing_garbage_collection" title="Tracing garbage collection">precise garbage collection</a>.<a href="#cite_note-chrome-comic-33">[32]</a> In 2008, several websites performed benchmark tests using the <a href="/wiki/SunSpider_JavaScript_Benchmark" class="mw-redirect" title="SunSpider JavaScript Benchmark">SunSpider JavaScript Benchmark</a> tool as well as Google's own set of computationally intense benchmarks, which include <a href="/wiki/Ray_tracing_(graphics)" title="Ray tracing (graphics)">ray tracing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Constraint_solving" class="mw-redirect" title="Constraint solving">constraint solving</a>.<a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a> They unanimously reported that Chrome performed much faster than all competitors against which it had been tested, including <a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari</a> (for Windows), <a href="/wiki/Firefox_3.0" title="Firefox 3.0">Firefox 3.0</a>, <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_7" title="Internet Explorer 7">Internet Explorer 7</a>, Opera, and <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_8" title="Internet Explorer 8">Internet Explorer 8</a>.<a href="#cite_note-108">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNET_speed_test-61">[60]</a>{<a href="#cite_note-111">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a> However, on October 11, 2010, independent tests of JavaScript performance, Chrome has been scoring just behind Opera's <a href="/wiki/Presto_(browser_engine)" title="Presto (browser engine)">Presto</a> engine since it was updated in version 10.5.<a href="#cite_note-113">[112]</a> On September 3, 2008, Mozilla responded by stating that their own <a href="/wiki/TraceMonkey" class="mw-redirect" title="TraceMonkey">TraceMonkey</a> JavaScript engine (then in beta), was faster than Chrome's V8 engine in some tests.<a href="#cite_note-114">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Resig" title="John Resig">John Resig</a>, Mozilla's JavaScript evangelist, further commented on the performance of different browsers on Google's own suite, commenting on Chrome's "decimating" of the other browsers, but he questioned whether Google's suite was representative of real programs. He stated that Firefox 3.0 performed poorly on <a href="/wiki/Recursion" title="Recursion">recursion</a>-intensive benchmarks, such as those of Google, because the Mozilla team had not implemented recursion-tracing yet.<a href="#cite_note-117">[116]</a> Two weeks after Chrome's launch in 2008, the WebKit team announced a new JavaScript engine, <a href="/wiki/WebKit#Further_development" title="WebKit">SquirrelFish Extreme</a>,<a href="#cite_note-118">[117]</a> citing a 36% speed improvement over Chrome's V8 engine.<a href="#cite_note-119">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[120]</a> Like most major web browsers, Chrome uses <a href="/wiki/Domain_Name_System" title="Domain Name System">DNS</a> prefetching to speed up website lookups,<a href="#cite_note-features-81">[80]</a> as do other browsers like Firefox,<a href="#cite_note-122">[121]</a> Safari,<a href="#cite_note-123">[122]</a> Internet Explorer (called DNS Pre-resolution),<a href="#cite_note-124">[123]</a> and in Opera as a UserScript (not built-in).<a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a> Chrome formerly used their now-deprecated <a href="/wiki/SPDY" title="SPDY">SPDY</a> protocol instead of only <a href="/wiki/HTTP" title="HTTP">HTTP</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a> when communicating with servers that support it, such as Google services, Facebook, Twitter. SPDY support was removed in Chrome version 51. This was due to SPDY being replaced by <a href="/wiki/HTTP/2" title="HTTP/2">HTTP/2</a>, a standard that was based upon it. In November 2019, Google said it was working on several "speed badging" systems that let visitors know why a page is taking time to show up. The variations include simple text warnings and more subtle signs that indicate a site is slow. No date has been given for when the badging system will be included with the Chrome browser.<a href="#cite_note-128">[127]</a> Chrome formerly supported a Data Saver feature for making pages load faster called Lite Mode.<a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a> Previously, Chrome engineers Addy Osmani and Scott Little announced Lite Mode would automatically lazy-load images and iframes for faster page loads.<a href="#cite_note-130">[129]</a> Lite Mode was switched off in Chrome 100, citing a decrease in mobile data costs for many countries.<a href="#cite_note-131">[130]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Security">Security</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Browser_security" title="Browser security">Browser security</a></div> Chrome periodically retrieves updates of two <a href="/wiki/Blacklist_(computing)" title="Blacklist (computing)">blacklists</a> (one for <a href="/wiki/Phishing" title="Phishing">phishing</a> and one for <a href="/wiki/Malware" title="Malware">malware</a>), and warns users when they attempt to visit a site flagged as potentially harmful. This service is also made available for use by others via a free public API called "<a href="/wiki/Google_Safe_Browsing" title="Google Safe Browsing">Google Safe Browsing</a> API".<a href="#cite_note-chrome-comic-33">[32]</a> Chrome uses a process-allocation model to <a href="/wiki/Sandbox_(computer_security)" title="Sandbox (computer security)">sandbox</a> tabs.<a href="#cite_note-132">[131]</a> Using the <a href="/wiki/Principle_of_least_privilege" title="Principle of least privilege">principle of least privilege</a>, each tab process cannot interact with critical memory functions (e.g. OS memory, user files) or other tab processes – similar to Microsoft's "Protected Mode" used by <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_9" title="Internet Explorer 9">Internet Explorer 9</a> or greater. The Sandbox Team is said to have "taken this existing process boundary and made it into a <a href="/wiki/OS-level_virtualization" title="OS-level virtualization">jail</a>". This enforces a <a href="/wiki/Computer_security_model" title="Computer security model">computer security model</a> whereby there are two levels of <a href="/wiki/Multilevel_security" title="Multilevel security">multilevel security</a> (user and sandbox) and the sandbox can only respond to communication requests initiated by the user.<a href="#cite_note-sec-133">[132]</a> On Linux sandboxing uses the <a href="/wiki/Seccomp" title="Seccomp">seccomp</a> mode.<a href="#cite_note-134">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[134]</a> In January 2015, <a href="/wiki/TorrentFreak" title="TorrentFreak">TorrentFreak</a> reported that using Chrome when connected to the internet using a VPN can be a serious security issue due to the browser's support for <a href="/wiki/WebRTC#Concerns" title="WebRTC">WebRTC</a>.<a href="#cite_note-136">[135]</a> On September 9, 2016, it was reported that starting with Chrome 56, users will be warned when they visit insecure HTTP websites to encourage more sites to make the transition to HTTPS.<a href="#cite_note-137">[136]</a> On December 4, 2018, Google announced its Chrome 71 release with new security features, including a built-in ad featuring system. In addition, Google also announced its plan to crack down on websites that make people involuntarily subscribe to mobile subscription plans.<a href="#cite_note-138">[137]</a> On September 2, 2020, with the release of Chrome 85, Google extended support for Secure DNS in Chrome for Android. DNS-over-HTTPS (DoH), was designed to improve safety and privacy while browsing the web. Under the update, Chrome automatically switches to DNS-over-HTTPS (DoH), if the current DNS provider supports the feature.<a href="#cite_note-139">[138]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Password_management">Password management</h4></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Windows">Windows</h5></div> Since 2008, Chrome has been faulted for not including a master password to prevent casual access to a user's passwords. Chrome developers have indicated that a master password does not provide real security against determined hackers and have refused to implement one. Bugs filed on this issue have been marked "WontFix".<a href="#cite_note-140">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[140]</a> As of February 2014<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Google_Chrome&action=edit">[update]</a>, Google Chrome asks the user to enter their Windows account password before showing saved passwords.<a href="#cite_note-142">[141]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Linux">Linux</h5></div> On Linux, Google Chrome/Chromium can store passwords in three ways: <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Keyring" title="GNOME Keyring">GNOME Keyring</a>, <a href="/wiki/KWallet" title="KWallet">KWallet</a> or <a href="/wiki/Plain_text" title="Plain text">plain text</a>. Google Chrome/Chromium chooses which store to use automatically, based on the <a href="/wiki/Desktop_environment" title="Desktop environment">desktop environment</a> in use.<a href="#cite_note-143">[142]</a> Passwords stored in GNOME Keyring or KWallet are encrypted on disk, and access to them is controlled by dedicated daemon software. Passwords stored in plain text are not encrypted. Because of this, when either GNOME Keyring or KWallet is in use, any unencrypted passwords that have been stored previously are automatically moved into the encrypted store. Support for using GNOME Keyring and KWallet was added in version 6, but using these (when available) was not made the default mode until version 12. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="macOS">macOS</h5></div> As of version 45, the Google Chrome password manager is no longer integrated with <a href="/wiki/Keychain_(software)" title="Keychain (software)">Keychain</a>, since the <a href="/wiki/Interoperability" title="Interoperability">interoperability</a> goal is no longer possible.<a href="#cite_note-144">[143]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Security_vulnerabilities">Security vulnerabilities</h4></div> No security vulnerabilities in Chrome were exploited in the three years of <a href="/wiki/Pwn2Own" title="Pwn2Own">Pwn2Own</a> from 2009 to 2011.<a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a> At Pwn2Own 2012, Chrome was defeated by a <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French</a> team who used <a href="/wiki/Zero_day_exploit" class="mw-redirect" title="Zero day exploit">zero day exploits</a> in the version of Flash shipped with Chrome to take complete control of a fully patched <a href="/wiki/64-bit_computing" title="64-bit computing">64-bit</a> Windows 7 PC using a booby-trapped website that overcame Chrome's sandboxing.<a href="#cite_note-ZDnet07Mar12-146">[145]</a> Chrome was compromised twice at the 2012 CanSecWest <a href="/wiki/Pwnium" class="mw-redirect" title="Pwnium">Pwnium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ZDnet07Mar12-146">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[147]</a> Google's official response to the exploits was delivered by Jason Kersey, who congratulated the researchers, noting "We also believe that both submissions are works of art and deserve wider sharing and recognition."<a href="#cite_note-ChromeReleaseNotes10Mar12-149">[148]</a> Fixes for these vulnerabilities were deployed within 10 hours of the submission.<a href="#cite_note-150">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[150]</a> A significant number of security vulnerabilities in Chrome occurred in the <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash_Player" title="Adobe Flash Player">Adobe Flash Player</a>. For example, the 2016 Pwn2Own successful attack on Chrome relied on four security vulnerabilities. Two of the vulnerabilities were in Flash, one was in Chrome, and one was in the Windows kernel.<a href="#cite_note-152">[151]</a> In 2016, Google announced that it was planning to phase out Flash Player in Chrome, starting in version 53. The first phase of the plan was to disable Flash for ads and "background analytics", with the ultimate goal of disabling it completely by the end of the year, except on specific sites that Google has deemed to be broken without it. Flash would then be re-enabled with the exclusion of ads and background analytics on a site-by-site basis.<a href="#cite_note-153">[152]</a> Leaked documents from 2013 to 2016 codenamed <a href="/wiki/Vault_7" title="Vault 7">Vault 7</a> detail the capabilities of the United States <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>, such as the ability to compromise web browsers (including Google Chrome).<a href="#cite_note-154">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[154]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Malware_blocking_and_ad_blocking">Malware blocking and ad blocking</h4></div> Google introduced download scanning protection in Chrome 17.<a href="#cite_note-chromereleases17-156">[155]</a> In February 2018, Google introduced an ad blocking feature based on recommendations from the <a href="/wiki/Interactive_Advertising_Bureau" title="Interactive Advertising Bureau">Interactive Advertising Bureau</a>. Sites that employ invasive ads are given a 30-day warning, after which their ads will be blocked.<a href="#cite_note-157">[156]</a> <a href="/wiki/Consumer_Reports" title="Consumer Reports">Consumer Reports</a> recommended users install dedicated ad-blocking tools instead, which offer increased security against malware and tracking.<a href="#cite_note-158">[157]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Plugins">Plugins</h4></div> <ul><li>Chrome supported, up to version 45, <a href="/wiki/Plug-in_(computing)" title="Plug-in (computing)">plug-ins</a> with the Netscape Plugin Application Programming Interface (<a href="/wiki/NPAPI" title="NPAPI">NPAPI</a>),<a href="#cite_note-chrome-faq-activex-159">[158]</a> so that plug-ins (for example <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash_Player" title="Adobe Flash Player">Adobe Flash Player</a>) run as unrestricted separate processes outside the browser and cannot be sandboxed as tabs are. <a href="/wiki/ActiveX" title="ActiveX">ActiveX</a> is not supported.<a href="#cite_note-chrome-faq-activex-159">[158]</a> Since 2010, Adobe Flash has been integral to Chrome and does not need be installed separately. Flash is kept up to date as part of Chrome's own updates.<a href="#cite_note-Paul31Mar10-160">[159]</a> <a href="/wiki/Java_applet" title="Java applet">Java applet</a> support was available in Chrome with Java 6 update 12 and above.<a href="#cite_note-161">[160]</a> Support for Java under OS X was provided by a Java Update released on May 18, 2010.<a href="#cite_note-162">[161]</a></li> <li>On August 12, 2009, Google introduced a replacement for <a href="/wiki/NPAPI" title="NPAPI">NPAPI</a> that is more portable and more secure<a href="#cite_note-163">[162]</a> called Pepper Plugin API (<a href="/wiki/Google_Native_Client#Pepper" title="Google Native Client">PPAPI</a>).<a href="#cite_note-164">[163]</a> The default bundled PPAPI Flash Player (or Pepper-based Flash Player) was available on <a href="/wiki/ChromeOS" title="ChromeOS">ChromeOS</a> first, then replaced the NPAPI Flash Player on Linux from Chrome version 20, on Windows from version 21 (which also reduced Flash crashes by 20%),<a href="#cite_note-the-road-to-safer-165">[164]</a> and eventually came to OS X at version 23.<a href="#cite_note-SecureFlashMac-166">[165]</a></li> <li>On September 23, 2013, Google announced that it would be deprecating and then removing NPAPI support. NPAPI support was removed from Linux in Chrome release 35.<a href="#cite_note-167">[166]</a> NPAPI plugins like Java can no longer work in Chrome (but there are workarounds for Flash by using PPAPI Flash Player on Linux including for Chromium).<a href="#cite_note-168">[167]</a></li> <li>On April 14, 2015, Google released Chrome v42, disabling the NPAPI by default. This makes plugins that do not have a PPAPI plugin counterpart incompatible with Chrome, such as <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Silverlight" title="Microsoft Silverlight">Silverlight</a> and <a href="/wiki/Unity_(game_engine)" title="Unity (game engine)">Unity</a>. However, NPAPI support could be enabled through the chrome://flags menu, until the release of version 45 on September 1, 2015, that removed NPAPI support entirely.<a href="#cite_note-169">[168]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Privacy">Privacy</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Incognito_mode">Incognito mode</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Incognito mode" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Incognito_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Incognito (disambiguation)">Incognito</a>.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Google_Chrome_Incognito.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Google_Chrome_Incognito.png/250px-Google_Chrome_Incognito.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b1/Google_Chrome_Incognito.png 1.5x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="277" /></a><figcaption>Google Chrome Incognito mode message</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Private_browsing" title="Private browsing">private browsing</a> feature called Incognito mode prevents the browser from locally storing any <a href="/wiki/Web_browsing_history" title="Web browsing history">history</a> information, <a href="/wiki/HTTP_cookie" title="HTTP cookie">cookies</a>, site data, or form inputs.<a href="#cite_note-170">[169]</a> Downloaded files and bookmarks will be stored. In addition, user activity is not hidden from visited websites or the Internet service provider.<a href="#cite_note-Incog-171">[170]</a> Incognito mode is similar to the private browsing feature in other web browsers. It does not prevent saving in all windows: "You can switch between an incognito window and any regular windows you have open. You'll only be in incognito mode when you're using the incognito window".<a href="#cite_note-172">[171]</a> The iOS version of Chrome also supports the optional ability to lock incognito tabs with Face ID, Touch ID or the device's passcode.<a href="#cite_note-173">[172]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Do_Not_Track">Do Not Track</h4></div> In February 2012, Google announced that Chrome would implement the <a href="/wiki/Do_Not_Track" title="Do Not Track">Do Not Track</a> (DNT) standard to inform websites the user's desire not to be tracked. The protocol was implemented in version 23. In line with the W3's draft standard for DNT,<a href="#cite_note-174">[173]</a> it is turned off by default in Chrome.<a href="#cite_note-175">[174]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stability">Stability</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chrome-crash.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Chrome-crash.png/220px-Chrome-crash.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Chrome-crash.png/330px-Chrome-crash.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Chrome-crash.png/440px-Chrome-crash.png 2x" data-file-width="1366" data-file-height="637" /></a><figcaption>Screenshot of a Chrome browser crash</figcaption></figure> A multi-process architecture is implemented in Chrome where, by default, a separate process is allocated to each site instance and plugin.<a href="#cite_note-176">[175]</a> This procedure is termed <a href="/wiki/Process_isolation" title="Process isolation">process isolation</a>,<a href="#cite_note-177">[176]</a> and raises security and stability by preventing tasks from interfering with each other. An attacker successfully gaining access to one application gains access to no others,<a href="#cite_note-178">[177]</a> and failure in one instance results in a Sad Tab <a href="/wiki/Screen_of_death" title="Screen of death">screen of death</a>, similar to the well-known <a href="/wiki/Sad_Mac" class="mw-redirect" title="Sad Mac">Sad Mac</a>, but only one tab crashes instead of the whole application. This strategy exacts a fixed per-process cost up front, but results in less memory bloat over time as fragmentation is confined to each instance and no longer needs further memory allocations.<a href="#cite_note-chrome-comic-33">[32]</a> This architecture was later adopted in Safari<a href="#cite_note-179">[178]</a> and Firefox.<a href="#cite_note-180">[179]</a> Chrome includes a <a href="/wiki/Process_management_(computing)" title="Process management (computing)">process management</a> utility called Task Manager which lets users see what sites and plugins are using the most <a href="/wiki/Random-access_memory" title="Random-access memory">memory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Download" title="Download">downloading</a> the most <a href="/wiki/Byte" title="Byte">bytes</a> and overusing the <a href="/wiki/Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">CPU</a> and provides the ability to terminate them.<a href="#cite_note-181">[180]</a> Chrome Version 23 ensures its users an improved battery life for the systems supporting Chrome's GPU accelerated video decoding.<a href="#cite_note-voiceofgreyhat-182">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-November_2012_announcements-54">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Release_channels,_cycles_and_updates">Release channels, cycles and updates</h3></div> The first production release on December 11, 2008, marked the end of the initial Beta test period and the beginning of production. Shortly thereafter, on January 8, 2009, Google announced an updated release system with three channels: Stable (corresponding to the traditional production), Beta, and Developer preview (also called the "Dev" channel). Where there were before only two channels: Beta and Developer, now there were three. Concurrently, all Developer channel users were moved to the Beta channel along with the promoted Developer release. Google explained that now the Developer channel builds would be less stable and polished than those from the initial Google Chrome's Beta period. Beta users could opt back to the Developer channel as desired. Each channel has its own release cycle and stability level. The Stable channel updated roughly quarterly, with features and fixes that passed "thorough" testing in the Beta channel. Beta updated roughly monthly, with "stable and complete" features migrated from the Developer channel. The Developer channel updated once or twice per week and was where ideas and features were first publicly exposed "(and sometimes fail) and can be very unstable at times". [Quoted remarks from Google's policy announcements.]<a href="#cite_note-183">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[184]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chrome-canary-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Chrome-canary-logo.svg/128px-Chrome-canary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Chrome-canary-logo.svg/192px-Chrome-canary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Chrome-canary-logo.svg/256px-Chrome-canary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Google Chrome Canary application icon</figcaption></figure> On July 22, 2010, Google announced it would ramp up the speed at which it releases new stable versions; the release cycles were shortened from quarterly to six weeks for major Stable updates.<a href="#cite_note-186">[185]</a> Beta channel releases now come roughly at the same rate as Stable releases, though approximately one month in advance, while Dev channel releases appear roughly once or twice weekly, allowing time for basic release-critical testing.<a href="#cite_note-187">[186]</a> This faster release cycle also brought a fourth channel: the "Canary" channel, updated daily from a build produced at 09:00 UTC from the most stable of the last 40 <a href="/wiki/Version_control" title="Version control">revisions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-188">[187]</a> The name refers to the practice of <a href="/wiki/Sentinel_species" title="Sentinel species">using canaries in coal mines</a>, so if a change "kills" Chrome Canary, it will be blocked from migrating down to the Developer channel, at least until fixed in a subsequent Canary build.<a href="#cite_note-Bridge2010-189">[188]</a> Canary is "the most bleeding-edge official version of Chrome and somewhat of a mix between Chrome dev and the Chromium snapshot builds". Canary releases run side by side with any other channel; it is not linked to the other Google Chrome installation and can therefore run different synchronization profiles, themes, and browser preferences. This ensures that fallback functionality remains even when some Canary updates may contain release-breaking bugs.<a href="#cite_note-190">[189]</a> It does not natively include the option to be the default browser, although on Windows and OS X it can be set through System Preferences. Canary was Windows-only at first; an <a href="/wiki/OS_X" class="mw-redirect" title="OS X">OS X</a> version was released on May 3, 2011.<a href="#cite_note-191">[190]</a> The Chrome beta channel for Android was launched on January 10, 2013; like Canary, it runs side by side with the stable channel for Android.<a href="#cite_note-tnw130110-192">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[192]</a> Chrome Dev for Android was launched on April 29, 2015.<a href="#cite_note-194">[193]</a> All Chrome channels are automatically distributed according to their respective release cycles. The mechanism differs by platform. On Windows, it uses Google Update, and auto-update can be controlled via <a href="/wiki/Group_Policy" title="Group Policy">Group Policy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-195">[194]</a> Alternatively, users may download a standalone installer of a version of Chrome that does not auto-update.<a href="#cite_note-196">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[196]</a> On OS X, it uses Google Update Service, and auto-update can be controlled via the OS X "defaults" system.<a href="#cite_note-198">[197]</a> On Linux, it lets the system's normal <a href="/wiki/Package_management_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Package management system">package management system</a> supply the updates. This auto-updating behavior is a key difference from Chromium, the non-branded <a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open-source</a> browser which forms the core of Google Chrome. Because Chromium also serves as the <a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle#Pre-alpha" title="Software release life cycle">pre-release</a> <a href="/wiki/Trunk_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trunk (software)">development trunk</a> for Chrome, its revisions are provided as source code and buildable snapshots are produced continuously with each new <a href="/wiki/Commit_(data_management)" title="Commit (data management)">commit</a>, requiring users to manage their own browser updates.<a href="#cite_note-199">[198]</a> In March 2021, Google announced that starting with Chrome 94 in the third quarter of 2021, Google Chrome Stable releases will be made every four weeks, instead of six weeks as they have been since 2010. Also, Google announced a new release channel for system administrators and browser embedders with releases every eight weeks.<a href="#cite_note-200">[199]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Release_version_numbers">Release version numbers</h4></div> Releases are identified by a four-part version number, e.g. 42.0.2311.90 (Windows Stable release April 14, 2015<a href="#cite_note-V42-Stable1-201">[200]</a>). The components are major.minor.build.patch.<a href="#cite_note-dev-cal-202">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[202]</a> <dl><dd>Major.minor reflects scheduling policy</dd> <dd>Build.patch identifies content progression</dd></dl> <ul><li>Major represents a product release. These are scheduled 7–8 per year, unlike other software systems where the major version number updates only with substantial new content.</li> <li>Minor is usually 0. References to version 'x' or 'x.0', e.g. 42.0, refer to this major.minor designation.</li> <li>Build is ever increasing. For a release cycle, e.g. 42.0, there are several builds in the Canary and Developer period. The last build number from Developer is kept throughout Beta and Stable and is locked with the major.minor for that release.</li> <li>Patch resets with each build, incrementing with each patch. The first patch is 0, but usually the first publicly released patch is somewhat higher. In Beta and Stable, only patch increments.</li></ul> Chromium and Chrome release schedules are linked through Chromium (Major) version <a href="/wiki/Branching_(version_control)" title="Branching (version control)">Branch Point</a> dates, published annually.<a href="#cite_note-dev-cal-202">[201]</a> The Branch Points precede the final Chrome Developer build (initial) release by 4 days (nearly always) and the Chrome Stable initial release by roughly 53 days.<a href="#cite_note-204">[203]</a> Example: The version 42 Branch Point was February 20, 2015.<a href="#cite_note-dev-cal-202">[201]</a> Developer builds stopped advancing at build 2311 with release 42.0.2311.4 on February 24,<a href="#cite_note-205">[204]</a> 4 days later. The first Stable release, 42.0.2311.90, was April 14, 2015,<a href="#cite_note-V42-Stable1-201">[200]</a> 53 days after the Branch Point. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Color_management">Color management</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Color_management" title="Color management">Color management</a></div> Chrome supports <a href="/wiki/Color_management" title="Color management">color management</a> by using the system-provided ICC v2 and v4 support on macOS, and from version 22 supports ICC v2 profiles by default on other platforms.<a href="#cite_note-google1-206">[205]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dinosaur_Game">Dinosaur Game</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dinosaur_Game" title="Dinosaur Game">Dinosaur Game</a></div> In Chrome, when not connected to the Internet and an error message displaying "No internet" is shown, on the top, an "<a href="/wiki/Third_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Third generation of video game consoles">8-bit</a>" <a href="/wiki/Tyrannosaurus" title="Tyrannosaurus">Tyrannosaurus</a> rex is shown, but when pressing the space bar on a keyboard, mouse-clicking on it or tapping it on touch devices, the T-Rex instantly jumps once and dashes across a <a href="/wiki/Cactus" title="Cactus">cactus</a>-ridden desert, revealing it to be an <a href="/wiki/Easter_egg_(media)" title="Easter egg (media)">Easter egg</a> in the form of a <a href="/wiki/Platform_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Platform game">platform game</a>.<a href="#cite_note-207">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-208">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-209">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-210">[209]</a> The game itself is an infinite runner, and there is no time limit in the game as it progresses faster and periodically tints to a black background. A school Chromebook administrator can disable the game.<a href="#cite_note-211">[210]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Platforms">Platforms</h2></div> The current version of Chrome runs on: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_10" title="Windows 10">Windows 10</a> or later<a href="#cite_note-support_dl-212">[211]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Big_Sur" title="MacOS Big Sur">macOS 11</a> or later<a href="#cite_note-support_dl-212">[211]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/64-bit_computing" title="64-bit computing">64-bit</a> versions of <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu">Ubuntu</a> 18.04+, <a href="/wiki/Debian" title="Debian">Debian</a> 10+, <a href="/wiki/OpenSUSE" title="OpenSUSE">openSUSE</a> 15.2+ and <a href="/wiki/Fedora_Linux" title="Fedora Linux">Fedora</a> 32+<a href="#cite_note-support_dl-212">[211]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_Oreo" title="Android Oreo">Android Oreo</a> or later, Android 10 or later for 64-bit Chrome</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_16" title="IOS 16">iOS 16</a> or later</li></ul> As of April 2016<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Google_Chrome&action=edit">[update]</a>, stable 32-bit and 64-bit builds are available for Windows, with only 64-bit stable builds available for Linux and macOS.<a href="#cite_note-Chrome39-213">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-215">[214]</a> 64-bit Windows builds became available in the developer channel and as canary builds on June 3, 2014,<a href="#cite_note-216">[215]</a> in the beta channel on July 30, 2014,<a href="#cite_note-217">[216]</a> and in the stable channel on August 26, 2014.<a href="#cite_note-218">[217]</a> 64-bit OS X builds became available as canary builds on November 7, 2013,<a href="#cite_note-219">[218]</a> in the beta channel on October 9, 2014,<a href="#cite_note-220">[219]</a> and in the stable channel on November 18, 2014.<a href="#cite_note-Chrome39-213">[212]</a> Starting with the release of version 89, Chrome will only be supported on <a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_processors" title="List of Intel processors">Intel</a>/<a href="/wiki/X86" title="X86">Intel x86</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_AMD_processors" title="List of AMD processors">AMD</a> processors with the <a href="/wiki/SSE3" title="SSE3">SSE3</a> instruction set.<a href="#cite_note-221">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-222">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-223">[222]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Google_Chrome_release_compatibility" title="Template:Google Chrome release compatibility">view</a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Google_Chrome_release_compatibility" title="Template talk:Google Chrome release compatibility">talk</a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Google_Chrome_release_compatibility" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Google Chrome release compatibility">edit</a></li></ul></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin-top: 0px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a> </th> <th>Latest version </th> <th>Support status </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows">Windows</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Windows_10" title="Windows 10">10</a> and later, <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2016" title="Windows Server 2016">Server 2016</a> and later </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">131 </td> <td>2015– </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Windows_7" title="Windows 7">7</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2008_R2" title="Windows Server 2008 R2">Server 2008 R2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_8" title="Windows 8">8</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2012" title="Windows Server 2012">Server 2012</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_8.1" title="Windows 8.1">8.1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2012_R2" title="Windows Server 2012 R2">Server 2012 R2</a> </td> <td style="background: #FED; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">109<a href="#cite_note-224">[223]</a> </td> <td>2009–2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Windows_XP" title="Windows XP">XP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2003" title="Windows Server 2003">Server 2003</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_Vista" title="Windows Vista">Vista</a> and <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2008" title="Windows Server 2008">Server 2008</a> </td> <td style="background: #FED; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">49 (IA-32) </td> <td>2008–2016 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="9"><a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Big_Sur" title="MacOS Big Sur">11.0</a> and later </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">131 </td> <td>2020– </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Catalina" title="MacOS Catalina">10.15</a> </td> <td style="background: #FED; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">128<a href="#cite_note-225">[224]</a> </td> <td>2019–2024 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/MacOS_High_Sierra" title="MacOS High Sierra">10.13</a> and <a href="/wiki/MacOS_Mojave" title="MacOS Mojave">10.14</a> </td> <td style="background: #FED; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">116<a href="#cite_note-226">[225]</a> </td> <td>2017–2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/OS_X_El_Capitan" title="OS X El Capitan">10.11</a> and <a href="/wiki/MacOS_Sierra" title="MacOS Sierra">10.12</a> </td> <td style="background: #FED; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">103 </td> <td>2015–2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/OS_X_Yosemite" title="OS X Yosemite">10.10</a> </td> <td style="background: #FED; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">87<a href="#cite_note-227">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-228">[227]</a> </td> <td>2014–2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/OS_X_Mavericks" title="OS X Mavericks">10.9</a> </td> <td style="background: #FED; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">67 </td> <td>2013–2018 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Snow_Leopard" title="Mac OS X Snow Leopard">10.6</a>–<a href="/wiki/OS_X_Mountain_Lion" title="OS X Mountain Lion">10.8</a> (x64) </td> <td style="background: #FED; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">49 </td> <td>2009–2016 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Snow_Leopard" title="Mac OS X Snow Leopard">10.6</a> (IA-32) </td> <td style="background: #FED; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">38 </td> <td>2009–2014 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Leopard" title="Mac OS X Leopard">10.5</a> (IA-32, x64) </td> <td style="background: #FED; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">21 </td> <td>2008–2012 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> (<a href="/wiki/X_Window_System" title="X Window System">X11</a>/<a href="/wiki/Wayland_(protocol)" title="Wayland (protocol)">Wayland</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/X64" class="mw-redirect" title="X64">x64</a> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">131 </td> <td>2008– </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a> </td> <td style="background: #FED; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">48 </td> <td>2008–2016 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="7"><a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Android_Oreo" title="Android Oreo">8.0</a> and later </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">131 </td> <td>2017– </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Android_Nougat" title="Android Nougat">7.x</a> </td> <td style="background: #FED; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">119<a href="#cite_note-229">[228]</a> </td> <td>2016–2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Android_Marshmallow" title="Android Marshmallow">6.x</a> </td> <td style="background: #FED; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">106<a href="#cite_note-230">[229]</a> </td> <td>2015–2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Android_Lollipop" title="Android Lollipop">5.x</a> </td> <td style="background: #FED; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">95<a href="#cite_note-231">[230]</a> </td> <td>2014–2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Android_KitKat" title="Android KitKat">4.4</a> </td> <td style="background: #FED; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">81<a href="#cite_note-232">[231]</a> </td> <td>2013–2020 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Android_Jelly_Bean" title="Android Jelly Bean">4.1-4.3</a> (ARMv7,IA-32,x64) </td> <td style="background: #FED; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">71<a href="#cite_note-233">[232]</a> </td> <td>2012–2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Android_Ice_Cream_Sandwich" title="Android Ice Cream Sandwich">4.0</a> (ARMv7,IA-32) </td> <td style="background: #FED; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">42 </td> <td>2012–2015 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="12"><a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/IOS_16" title="IOS 16">16.0</a> and later </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">131 </td> <td>2022– </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/IOS_15" title="IOS 15">15.x</a> </td> <td style="background: #FED; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">125 </td> <td>2021–2024 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/IOS_14" title="IOS 14">14.x</a> </td> <td style="background: #FED; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">113 </td> <td>2020–2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/IOS_13" title="IOS 13">13.x</a> </td> <td style="background: #FED; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">93 </td> <td>2019–2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/IOS_12" title="IOS 12">12.x</a> </td> <td style="background: #FED; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">92 </td> <td>2018–2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/IOS_11" title="IOS 11">11.x</a> </td> <td style="background: #FED; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">76 </td> <td>2017–2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/IOS_10" title="IOS 10">10.x</a> </td> <td style="background: #FED; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">71 </td> <td>2016–2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/IOS_9" title="IOS 9">9.x</a> </td> <td style="background: #FED; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">63 </td> <td>2015–2018 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/IOS_7" title="IOS 7">7.0</a>-<a href="/wiki/IOS_8" title="IOS 8">8.4</a> </td> <td style="background: #FED; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">47 </td> <td>2013–2016 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/IOS_6" title="IOS 6">6.x</a> </td> <td style="background: #FED; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">37 </td> <td>2012–2014 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/IOS_4" title="IOS 4">4.3</a>-<a href="/wiki/IOS_5" title="IOS 5">5.1</a> </td> <td style="background: #FED; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">29 </td> <td>2011–2013 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/IPhone_OS_3" title="IPhone OS 3">3.0</a>-<a href="/wiki/IOS_4" title="IOS 4">4.2</a> </td> <td style="background: #FED; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">23 </td> <td>2009–2012 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="12"><a href="/wiki/IPadOS" title="IPadOS">iPadOS</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/IPadOS_16" title="IPadOS 16">16.0</a> and later </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">131 </td> <td>2022– </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/IPadOS_15" title="IPadOS 15">15.x</a> </td> <td style="background: #FED; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">125 </td> <td>2021–2024 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/IPadOS_14" title="IPadOS 14">14.x</a> </td> <td style="background: #FED; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">113 </td> <td>2020–2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/IPadOS_13" title="IPadOS 13">13.x</a> </td> <td style="background: #FED; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">93 </td> <td>2019–2021 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Android">Android</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Google_Chrome_114_on_Android_13.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/47/Google_Chrome_114_on_Android_13.png/220px-Google_Chrome_114_on_Android_13.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="392" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/47/Google_Chrome_114_on_Android_13.png 1.5x" data-file-width="236" data-file-height="421" /></a><figcaption>Google Chrome running on an Android phone</figcaption></figure> A beta version for Android 4.0 devices was launched on February 7, 2012, available for a limited number of countries from <a href="/wiki/Google_Play" title="Google Play">Google Play</a>.<a href="#cite_note-234">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-Engadget-235">[234]</a> Notable features: synchronization with desktop Chrome to provide the same bookmarks and view the same browser tabs,<a href="#cite_note-NeowinAndroid-236">[235]</a> page pre-rendering,<a href="#cite_note-GoogleOSAndroid-237">[236]</a> hardware acceleration.<a href="#cite_note-23_Questions-238">[237]</a> Many of the latest HTML5 features: almost all of the Web Platform's features: GPU-accelerated canvas, including CSS 3D Transforms, CSS animations, SVG, <a href="/wiki/WebSocket" title="WebSocket">WebSocket</a> (including binary messages), Dedicated Workers; it has overflow scroll support, strong HTML5 video support, and new capabilities such as IndexedDB, WebWorkers, Application Cache and the File APIs, date- and time-pickers, parts of the Media Capture API.<a href="#cite_note-GoogleOSAndroid-237">[236]</a><a href="#cite_note-BeverlooAndroid-239">[238]</a> Also supports mobile oriented features such as Device Orientation and Geolocation.<a href="#cite_note-BeverlooAndroid-239">[238]</a> Mobile customizations: swipe gesture tab switching,<a href="#cite_note-NeowinAndroid-236">[235]</a> link preview allows zooming in on (multiple) links to ensure the desired one is clicked,<a href="#cite_note-NeowinAndroid-236">[235]</a> font size boosting to ensure readability regardless of the zoom level.<a href="#cite_note-BeverlooAndroid-239">[238]</a> Features missing in the mobile version include sandboxed tabs,<a href="#cite_note-GoogleOSAndroid-237">[236]</a> Safe Browsing,<a href="#cite_note-GoogleOSAndroid-237">[236]</a> apps or extensions,<a href="#cite_note-23_Questions-238">[237]</a> Adobe Flash (now and in the future),<a href="#cite_note-23_Questions-238">[237]</a> <a href="/wiki/Native_Client" class="mw-redirect" title="Native Client">Native Client</a>,<a href="#cite_note-23_Questions-238">[237]</a> and the ability to <a href="/wiki/Import_and_export_of_data" title="Import and export of data">export</a> user data such a list of their opened tabs or their browsing history into <a href="/wiki/Data_portability" title="Data portability">portable</a> local files.<a href="#cite_note-dev_to-240">[239]</a> Development changes: remote debugging,<a href="#cite_note-GoogleOSAndroid-237">[236]</a><a href="#cite_note-241">[240]</a> part of the browser layer has been implemented in Java, communicating with the rest of the Chromium and WebKit code through Java Native Bindings.<a href="#cite_note-BeverlooAndroid-239">[238]</a> The code of Chrome for Android is a fork of the Chromium project. It is a priority to upstream most new and modified code to Chromium and WebKit to resolve the fork.<a href="#cite_note-BeverlooAndroid-239">[238]</a> The April 17, 2012, update included availability in 31 additional languages and in all countries where Google Play is available. A desktop version of a website can also be requested as opposed to a mobile version. In addition, Android users can now add bookmarks to their Android home screens if they choose and decide which apps should handle links opened in Chrome.<a href="#cite_note-242">[241]</a> On June 27, 2012, Google Chrome for Android exited beta and became stable.<a href="#cite_note-nolongerbetachromeand-243">[242]</a><a href="#cite_note-Release-244">[243]</a> Chrome 18.0.1026311, released on September 26, 2012, was the first version of Chrome for Android to support mobile devices based on Intel x86.<a href="#cite_note-245">[244]</a> Starting from version 25, the Chrome version for Android is aligned with the desktop version, and usually new stable releases are available at the same time between the Android and the desktop version. Google released a separate Chrome for Android beta channel on January 10, 2013, with version 25.<a href="#cite_note-tnw130110-192">[191]</a> As of 2013<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Google_Chrome&action=edit">[update]</a> a separate beta version of Chrome is available in the Google Play Store – it can run side by side with the stable release.<a href="#cite_note-246">[245]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="iOS">iOS</h3></div> Chrome is available on <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a>'s mobile iOS operating system as Google Chrome for iOS. Released in the <a href="/wiki/App_Store_(Apple)" title="App Store (Apple)">Apple App Store</a> on June 26, 2012, it supports the <a href="/wiki/IPad" title="IPad">iPad</a>, <a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a>, and <a href="/wiki/IPod_Touch" title="IPod Touch">iPod Touch</a>, and the current version requires that the device has iOS 15.0 or greater installed.<a href="#cite_note-iOS-247">[246]</a> In accordance with Apple's requirements for browsers released through their App Store, this version of Chrome uses the iOS WebKit – which is Apple's own mobile rendering engine and components, developed for their Safari browser – therefore it is restricted from using Google's own V8 JavaScript engine.<a href="#cite_note-Forbes-248">[247]</a><a href="#cite_note-9to5mac-249">[248]</a> Chrome is the default web browser for the iOS Gmail application. In a review by <a href="/wiki/Chitika" title="Chitika">Chitika</a>, Chrome was noted as having 1.5% of the iOS web browser market as of July 18, 2012<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Google_Chrome&action=edit">[update]</a>.<a href="#cite_note-250">[249]</a> In October 2013, Chrome had 3% of the iOS browser market.<a href="#cite_note-251">[250]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Linux_2">Linux</h3></div> On <a href="/wiki/Linux_distribution" title="Linux distribution">Linux distributions</a>, support for 32-bit Intel processors ended in March 2016 although Chromium is still supported.<a href="#cite_note-252">[251]</a> As of Chrome version 26, Linux installations of the browser may be updated only on systems that support <a href="/wiki/GNU_Compiler_Collection" title="GNU Compiler Collection">GCC</a> v4.6 and <a href="/wiki/GTK" title="GTK">GTK</a> v2.24 or later. Thus deprecated systems include (for example) Debian 6's 2.20, and <a href="/wiki/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux" title="Red Hat Enterprise Linux">RHEL</a> 6's 2.18.<a href="#cite_note-253">[252]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Windows_2">Windows</h3></div> Support for Google Chrome on Windows XP and <a href="/wiki/Windows_Vista" title="Windows Vista">Windows Vista</a> ended in April 2016.<a href="#cite_note-Updates_to_Chrome_platform_support-254">[253]</a> The last release of Google Chrome that can be run on Windows XP and Windows Vista was version 49.0.2623.112,<a href="#cite_note-255">[254]</a> released on April 7, 2016,<a href="#cite_note-256">[255]</a> then re-released on April 11, 2016.<a href="#cite_note-257">[256]</a> Support for Google Chrome on <a href="/wiki/Windows_7" title="Windows 7">Windows 7</a> was supposed to end upon the announcement on July 15, 2021,<a href="#cite_note-258">[257]</a> and suddenly moved to January 15, 2022, however due to the ongoing <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> and enterprises took more time to migrate to <a href="/wiki/Windows_10" title="Windows 10">Windows 10</a> or <a href="/wiki/Windows_11" title="Windows 11">11</a>, the end of support date was pushed at least until January 15, 2023.<a href="#cite_note-259">[258]</a> Support for Windows 7, Windows 8, and Windows 8.1 ended in January 2023 and the last version on Windows 7 is Chrome 109.<a href="#cite_note-260">[259]</a><a href="#cite_note-261">[260]</a><a href="#cite_note-262">[261]</a> "Windows 8 mode" was introduced in 2012 and has since been discontinued. It was provided to the developer channel, which enabled <a href="/wiki/Windows_8" title="Windows 8">Windows 8</a> and <a href="/wiki/Windows_8.1" title="Windows 8.1">Windows 8.1</a> users to run Chrome with a full-screen, tablet-optimized interface, with access to snapping, sharing, and search functionalities.<a href="#cite_note-263">[262]</a> In October 2013, Windows 8 mode on the developer channel changed to use a desktop environment mimicking the interface of ChromeOS with a dedicated windowing system and taskbar for web apps.<a href="#cite_note-verge-metrochromeos-264">[263]</a> This was removed on version 49 and users that have upgraded to Windows 10 will lose this feature.<a href="#cite_note-265">[264]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="macOS_2">macOS</h3></div> Google dropped support for <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Leopard" title="Mac OS X Leopard">Mac OS X Leopard</a> with the release of Chrome 22.<a href="#cite_note-266">[265]</a> Support for <a href="/wiki/32-bit" class="mw-redirect" title="32-bit">32-bit</a> versions of Chrome ended in November 2014 with the release of Chrome 39.<a href="#cite_note-267">[266]</a><a href="#cite_note-268">[267]</a><a href="#cite_note-Chrome39-213">[212]</a> Support for <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Snow_Leopard" title="Mac OS X Snow Leopard">Mac OS X Snow Leopard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Lion" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X Lion">Mac OS X Lion</a>, and <a href="/wiki/OS_X_Mountain_Lion" title="OS X Mountain Lion">OS X Mountain Lion</a> ended in April 2016 with the release of Chrome 50. Support for <a href="/wiki/OS_X_Mavericks" title="OS X Mavericks">OS X Mavericks</a> ended in April 2018 with the release of Chrome 66. Support for <a href="/wiki/OS_X_Yosemite" title="OS X Yosemite">OS X Yosemite</a> ended in January 2021 with the release of Chrome 88. Support for <a href="/wiki/OS_X_El_Capitan" title="OS X El Capitan">OS X El Capitan</a> and <a href="/wiki/MacOS_Sierra" title="MacOS Sierra">macOS Sierra</a> ended in August 2022 with the release of Chrome 104.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Support for <a href="/wiki/MacOS_High_Sierra" title="MacOS High Sierra">macOS High Sierra</a> and <a href="/wiki/MacOS_Mojave" title="MacOS Mojave">macOS Mojave</a> ended in September 2023 with the release of Chrome 117.<a href="#cite_note-269">[268]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ChromeOS">ChromeOS</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/ChromeOS" title="ChromeOS">ChromeOS</a></div> Google Chrome is the basis of Google's ChromeOS operating system that ships on specific hardware from Google's manufacturing partners.<a href="#cite_note-Tweney,_Wired-270">[269]</a> The user interface has a <a href="/wiki/Minimalism_(computing)" title="Minimalism (computing)">minimalist design</a> resembling the Google Chrome browser. ChromeOS is aimed at users who spend most of their computer time on the Web; the only applications on the devices are a browser incorporating a media player and a <a href="/wiki/File_manager" title="File manager">file manager</a>.<a href="#cite_note-271">[270]</a><a href="#cite_note-272">[271]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bloomberg-273">[272]</a><a href="#cite_note-NY_Times_Hansell-274">[273]</a><a href="#cite_note-275">[274]</a> Google announced ChromeOS on July 7, 2009.<a href="#cite_note-PC_World-276">[275]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (June 2019)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> Google Chrome was met with acclaim upon release. In 2008, Matthew Moore of <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a> summarized the verdict of early reviewers: "Google Chrome is attractive, fast and has some impressive new features..."<a href="#cite_note-277">[276]</a> Initially, Microsoft reportedly played down the threat from Chrome and predicted that most people would embrace Internet Explorer 8. <a href="/wiki/Opera_Software" class="mw-redirect" title="Opera Software">Opera Software</a> said that "Chrome will strengthen the Web as the biggest application platform in the world".<a href="#cite_note-278">[277]</a> But by February 25, 2010, BusinessWeek had reported that "For the first time in years, energy and resources are being poured into browsers, the ubiquitous programs for accessing content on the Web. Credit for this trend – a boon to consumers – goes to two parties. The first is Google, whose big plans for the Chrome browser have shaken Microsoft out of its competitive torpor and forced the software giant to pay fresh attention to its own browser, Internet Explorer. Microsoft all but ceased efforts to enhance IE after it triumphed in the last browser war, sending Netscape to its doom. Now it's back in gear."<a href="#cite_note-279">[278]</a> Mozilla said that Chrome's introduction into the web browser market comes as "no real surprise", that "Chrome is not aimed at competing with Firefox", and furthermore that it would not affect <a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Foundation#Financing" title="Mozilla Foundation">Google's revenue relationship with Mozilla</a>.<a href="#cite_note-280">[279]</a><a href="#cite_note-281">[280]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Chrome's design bridges the gap between desktop and so-called "cloud computing." At the touch of a button, Chrome lets you make a desktop, Start menu, or QuickLaunch shortcut to any Web page or Web application, blurring the line between what's online and what's inside your PC. For example, I created a desktop shortcut for Google Maps. When you create a shortcut for a Web application, Chrome strips away all of the toolbars and tabs from the window, leaving you with something that feels much more like a desktop application than like a Web application or page.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/PC_World" title="PC World">PC World</a><a href="#cite_note-282">[281]</a></cite></div></blockquote> With its dominance in the web browser market, Google has been accused of using Chrome and Blink development to push new web standards that are proposed in-house by Google and subsequently implemented by its services first and foremost. These have led to performance disadvantages and compatibility issues with competing browsers, and in some cases, developers intentionally refusing to test their websites on any other browser than Chrome.<a href="#cite_note-283">[282]</a> Tom Warren of <a href="/wiki/The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a> went as far as comparing Chrome to <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_6" title="Internet Explorer 6">Internet Explorer 6</a>, the default browser of Windows XP that was often targeted by competitors due to its similar ubiquity in the early 2000s.<a href="#cite_note-284">[283]</a> In 2021, computer scientist and lawyer <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Mayer" title="Jonathan Mayer">Jonathan Mayer</a> stated that Chrome has increasingly become an agent for <a href="/wiki/Google_LLC" class="mw-redirect" title="Google LLC">Google LLC</a> than a <a href="/wiki/User_agent" title="User agent">user agent</a>, as it is "the only major web browser that lacks meaningful privacy protections by default, shoves users toward linking activity with a Google Account, and implements invasive new advertising capabilities."<a href="#cite_note-:2-285">[284]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2></div> Since its association with <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>, Chrome consistently kept adding features that aren't in the user's best interest in terms of privacy and control and as a result, it faced criticism over the years. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Privacy_2">Privacy</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="In-cognito">In-cognito</h4></div> A <a href="/wiki/Class-action" class="mw-redirect" title="Class-action">class-action</a> lawsuit seeking $5 billion in damages was filed against Google in 2020 on the grounds it misled consumers into thinking it would not track them when using incognito mode, despite using various means to do so. In December 2023, a settlement was reportedly agreed to, with public disclosure expected in February 2024.<a href="#cite_note-286">[285]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Listening_capabilities">Listening capabilities</h4></div> In June 2015, the <a href="/wiki/Debian" title="Debian">Debian</a> developer community discovered that Chromium 43 and Chrome 43 were programmed to download the Hotword Shared Module, which could enable the <a href="/wiki/OK_Google" class="mw-redirect" title="OK Google">OK Google</a> voice recognition extension, although by default it was "off". This raised privacy concerns in the media.<a href="#cite_note-287">[286]</a><a href="#cite_note-288">[287]</a> The module was removed in Chrome 45, which was released on September 1, 2015, and was only present in Chrome 43 and 44.<a href="#cite_note-289">[288]</a><a href="#cite_note-290">[289]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="User_tracking_concerns">User tracking concerns</h4></div> Chrome sends details about its users and their activities to Google through both optional and non-optional user tracking mechanisms.<a href="#cite_note-The_Chromium_Blog-291">[290]</a><a href="#cite_note-292">[291]</a> Some of the tracking mechanisms can be optionally enabled and disabled through the installation interface<a href="#cite_note-293">[292]</a> and through the browser's options dialog.<a href="#cite_note-blogoscoped-294">[293]</a> Unofficial builds, such as <a href="/wiki/SRWare_Iron" title="SRWare Iron">SRWare Iron</a>, seek to remove these features from the browser altogether.<a href="#cite_note-iron-295">[294]</a> The RLZ[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] feature is not included in the Chromium browser either.<a href="#cite_note-ChromiumBlog20Jun10-296">[295]</a> In March 2010, Google devised a new method to collect installation statistics: the unique ID token included with Chrome is now used for only the first connection that Google Update makes to its server.<a href="#cite_note-297">[296]</a> The optional suggestion service included in Google Chrome has been criticized because it provides the information typed into the Omnibox to the search provider before the user even hits return. This allows the search engine to provide URL suggestions, but also provides them with web use information tied to an <a href="/wiki/IP_address" title="IP address">IP address</a>.<a href="#cite_note-298">[297]</a> Chrome previously was able to suggest similar pages when a page could not be found. For this, in some cases Google servers were contacted.<a href="#cite_note-299">[298]</a> The feature has since been removed.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] A 2019 review by <a href="/wiki/Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a> technology columnist Geoffrey A. Fowler found that in a typical week of browsing, Chrome allowed thousands more cookies to be stored than Mozilla Firefox. Fowler pointed out that because of its advertising businesses, despite the privacy controls it offers users, Google is a major producer of third-party cookies and has a financial interest in collecting user data; he recommended switching to Firefox, Apple Safari, or Chromium-based <a href="/wiki/Brave_(web_browser)" title="Brave (web browser)">Brave</a>.<a href="#cite_note-300">[299]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Tracking methods </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Method<a href="#cite_note-iron-295">[294]</a> </th> <th>Information sent </th> <th>When </th> <th>Optional? </th> <th><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/opt-in" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:opt-in">Opt-in?</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td valign="top">Installation </td> <td>Randomly generated token included in an installer; used to measure the success rate of Google Chrome once at installation<a href="#cite_note-privacy-301">[300]</a> </td> <td> On installation </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top">RLZ identifier<a href="#cite_note-302">[301]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Code" title="Code">Encoded</a> string, according to Google, contains non-identifying information on where Chrome was downloaded from and its installation week; it is used to measure promotional campaigns;<a href="#cite_note-privacy-301">[300]</a> Google provides source code to decode this string<a href="#cite_note-ChromiumBlog20Jun10-296">[295]</a> Can be disabled in ChromeOS.<a href="#cite_note-privacy-301">[300]</a> For Chrome browsers running in all other operating systems:<a href="#cite_note-privacy-301">[300]</a> <ul><li>Desktop versions of Chrome can avoid it by downloading the browser directly from Google.</li> <li>Mobile versions of Chrome always send the RLZ identifier on first launch.</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>On Google search query</li> <li>On first launch and first use of address bar<a href="#cite_note-privacy-301">[300]</a></li></ul> </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Partial <a href="#cite_note-303">[note 2]</a><a href="#cite_note-privacy-301">[300]</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top">clientID<a href="#cite_note-blogoscoped-294">[293]</a> </td> <td>Unique identifier along with user preferences, logs of use metrics and crashes </td> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #EEE); color: var(--color-base, black); vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-Unknown">Unknown </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes<a href="#cite_note-stat-settings-304">[302]</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top">Omnibox predictions<a href="#cite_note-blogoscoped-294">[293]</a> </td> <td>Text typed into the <a href="/wiki/Address_bar" title="Address bar">address bar</a> is sent to the user's search engine when not in incognito mode. When in incognito mode, the suggestions are created on-device instead.<a href="#cite_note-privacy-301">[300]</a> </td> <td>While typing </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top">Google Update </td> <td>Information about how often Chrome is used, details about the OS and Chrome version </td> <td>Periodically </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Partial <a href="#cite_note-305">[note 3]</a><a href="#cite_note-turning-off-auto-updates-306">[303]</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="IP_Protection">IP Protection</h4></div> In 2023, Google proposed a technology that claims to "hide the IP and traffic of its users" by routing Chrome traffic to Google servers. This has drawn criticism as all traffic is readily available for Google to use. <a href="#cite_note-307">[304]</a><a href="#cite_note-308">[305]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Advertising">Advertising</h3></div> Also tied with Google is its Advertising business, which given the vast market share of Chrome, sought to introduce features that protects this revenue stream, mainly the introduction of a cookie-tracking alternative named Federated Learning of Cohorts (FloC), which evolved into Topics, and Manifest V3 API changes for extensions. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="FLoC">FLoC</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Federated_Learning_of_Cohorts" title="Federated Learning of Cohorts">Federated Learning of Cohorts</a></div> In January 2021, Google stated it was making progress on developing privacy-friendly alternatives which would replace third-party cookies currently being used by advertisers and companies to track browsing habits. Google then promised to phase out the use of cookies in their web-browser in 2022, implementing their FLoC technology instead. The announcement triggered <a href="/wiki/Competition_law" title="Competition law">antitrust</a> concerns from multiple countries for abusing the Chrome browser's market <a href="/wiki/Monopoly" title="Monopoly">monopoly</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Competition_and_Markets_Authority" title="Competition and Markets Authority">U.K.'s Competition and Markets Authority</a> and the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> both opening formal probes.<a href="#cite_note-309">[306]</a><a href="#cite_note-310">[307]</a><a href="#cite_note-311">[308]</a><a href="#cite_note-312">[309]</a> The FLoC proposal also drew criticism from <a href="/wiki/DuckDuckGo" title="DuckDuckGo">DuckDuckGo</a>, Brave, and the Electronic Frontier Foundation for misrepresenting its ability to track users online.<a href="#cite_note-313">[310]</a><a href="#cite_note-314">[311]</a><a href="#cite_note-315">[312]</a><a href="#cite_note-316">[313]</a> On January 25, 2022, Google announced it had killed off development of its FLoC technologies and proposed the new Topics API to replace it. Topics is similarly intended to replace cookies, using one's weekly web activity[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] to determine a set of five interests. Topics is supposed to[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] refresh every three weeks, changing the type of ads served to the user and not retaining the gathered data.<a href="#cite_note-317">[314]</a><a href="#cite_note-318">[315]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Manifest_V3_2">Manifest V3</h4></div> Manifest V3 has faced criticism for changes to the WebRequest API used by <a href="/wiki/Ad_blocking" title="Ad blocking">ad blocking</a> and privacy extensions to block and modify network connections.<a href="#cite_note-:1-319">[316]</a> The declarative version of WebRequest uses rules processed by the browser, rather than sending all network traffic through the extension, which Google stated would improve performance. However, DeclarativeWebRequest is limited in the number of rules that may be set, and the types of <a href="/wiki/Regular_expression" title="Regular expression">expressions</a> that may be used.<a href="#cite_note-:1-319">[316]</a> Additionally, the prohibition of remotely-hosted code will restrict the ability for filter lists to be updated independently of the extension itself. As the Chrome Web Store review process has an invariable length, filter lists may not be updated in a timely fashion.<a href="#cite_note-320">[317]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-321">[318]</a> Google has been accused of using Manifest V3 to inhibit ad blocking software due to its vested interest in the online advertising market.<a href="#cite_note-322">[319]</a> Google cited performance issues associated with WebRequest, as well as its use in malicious extensions. In June 2019, it announced that it would increase the aforementioned cap from 30,000 to 150,000 entries to help quell concerns about limitations to filtering rules.<a href="#cite_note-323">[320]</a><a href="#cite_note-324">[321]</a><a href="#cite_note-325">[322]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-319">[316]</a> In 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Frontier_Foundation" title="Electronic Frontier Foundation">Electronic Frontier Foundation</a> (EFF) issued a statement that Manifest V3 was "outright harmful to privacy efforts", as it would greatly limit the functionality of privacy extensions.<a href="#cite_note-:2-285">[284]</a> In December 2022, Google announced the transition would be paused "in order to address developer feedback and deliver better solutions to migration issues." In November 2023, Google announced it would resume the transition to Manifest V3; support for Manifest V2 extensions will be removed entirely from non-stable builds of Chrome beginning June 2024.<a href="#cite_note-326">[323]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-319">[316]</a> Other Chromium-based web browsers will adopt Manifest V3, including <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge" title="Microsoft Edge">Microsoft Edge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-327">[324]</a> Manifest V3 support is being added to Mozilla Firefox's implementation of Chrome's extension API (WebExtensions) for compatibility reasons, but Mozilla has stated that its implementation would not contain limitations that affect privacy and content-blocking extensions, and that its implementation of V2 would not be deprecated.<a href="#cite_note-:3-321">[318]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Market_share">Market share</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Usage_share_of_web_browsers" title="Usage share of web browsers">Usage share of web browsers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Browser_wars" title="Browser wars">Browser wars</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Web_browser_usage_share_StatCounter.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Web_browser_usage_share_StatCounter.svg/220px-Web_browser_usage_share_StatCounter.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Web_browser_usage_share_StatCounter.svg/330px-Web_browser_usage_share_StatCounter.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Web_browser_usage_share_StatCounter.svg/440px-Web_browser_usage_share_StatCounter.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1260" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Usage_share_of_web_browsers" title="Usage share of web browsers">Usage share of web browsers</a> according to <a href="/wiki/StatCounter" title="StatCounter">StatCounter</a><a href="#cite_note-StatsCounter-328">[325]</a></figcaption></figure> Chrome overtook Firefox in November 2011, in worldwide usage. As of September 2022<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Google_Chrome&action=edit">[update]</a>, according to StatCounter, Google Chrome had 67% worldwide desktop usage share, making it the most widely used web browser.<a href="#cite_note-statcounter201606-329">[326]</a> Along with Safari and Mozilla Firefox, Chrome receives a weekend "bump", which boosts its market share by as much as three percentage points on weekends, at the expense of Internet Explorer.<a href="#cite_note-330">[327]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">failed verification</a>] It was reported by StatCounter, a web analytics company, that for the single day of Sunday, March 18, 2012, Chrome was the most used web browser in the world for the first time. Chrome secured 32.7% of the global web browsing on that day, while Internet Explorer followed closely behind with 32.5%.<a href="#cite_note-331">[328]</a> From May 14–21, 2012, Google Chrome was for the first time responsible for more Internet traffic than Microsoft's Internet Explorer, which long had held its spot as the most used web browser in the world.<a href="#cite_note-332">[329]</a> According to StatCounter, 31.88% of web traffic was generated by Chrome for a sustained period of one week and 31.47% by Internet Explorer. Though Chrome had topped Internet Explorer for a single day's usage in the past, this was the first time it had led for one full week.<a href="#cite_note-333">[330]</a> At the 2012 Google I/O developers' conference, Google claimed that there were 310 million active users of Chrome, almost double the number in 2011, which was stated as 160 million active users.<a href="#cite_note-334">[331]</a> In June 2013, according to StatCounter, Chrome overtook Internet Explorer for the first time in the US.<a href="#cite_note-335">[332]</a> In August 2013, Chrome was used by 43% of internet users worldwide. This study was done by Statista, which also noted that in North America, 36% of people use Chrome, the lowest in the world.<a href="#cite_note-336">[333]</a> <table style="margin:0 auto; border:none;"><tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0;"><div class="notheme barbox tnone" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:440px; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#DDD"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Desktop/laptop browser statistics</th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="width:250px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Google Chrome</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#A3FFA3; width:64.55%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">64.55%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge" title="Microsoft Edge">Microsoft Edge</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#A3D3FF; width:13.8%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">13.8%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#A3D3FF; width:9.38%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">9.38%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Firefox" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozilla Firefox">Mozilla Firefox</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#A3D3FF; width:6.66%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">6.66%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Opera_(web_browser)" title="Opera (web browser)">Opera</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#A3D3FF; width:2.41%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">2.41%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#A3A3A3; width:3.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">3.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" style="height:11px"></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="5" style="padding:5px; text-align:left;">Desktop web browser market share according to <a href="/wiki/StatCounter" title="StatCounter">StatCounter</a> for August 2024<a href="#cite_note-337">[334]</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Enterprise_deployment">Enterprise deployment</h3></div> In December 2010, Google announced that to make it easier for businesses to use Chrome they would provide an official Chrome <a href="/wiki/Windows_Installer" title="Windows Installer">MSI package</a>. For business use it is helpful to have full-fledged MSI packages that can be customized via transform files (.mst) – but the MSI provided with Chrome is only a very limited <a href="/wiki/MSI_wrapper" class="mw-redirect" title="MSI wrapper">MSI wrapper</a> fitted around the normal installer, and many businesses find that this arrangement does not meet their needs.<a href="#cite_note-338">[335]</a> The normal downloaded Chrome installer puts the browser in the user's local app data directory and provides invisible background updates, but the MSI package will allow installation at the system level, providing system administrators control over the update process<a href="#cite_note-339">[336]</a> – it was formerly possible only when Chrome was installed using <a href="/wiki/Google_Pack" title="Google Pack">Google Pack</a>. Google also created group policy objects to fine-tune the behavior of Chrome in the business environment, for example by setting automatic updates intervals, disabling auto-updates, and configuring a home page.<a href="#cite_note-340">[337]</a> Until version 24 the software is known not to be ready for enterprise deployments with roaming profiles or Terminal Server/Citrix environments.<a href="#cite_note-341">[338]</a> In 2010, Google first started supporting Chrome in enterprise environments by providing an MSI wrapper around the Chrome installer. Google starting providing group policy objects, with more added each release,<a href="#cite_note-342">[339]</a> and today there are more than 500 policies available to control Chrome's behavior in enterprise environments.<a href="#cite_note-343">[340]</a> In 2016, Google launched Chrome Browser Enterprise Support, a paid service enabling IT admins access to Google experts to support their browser deployment.<a href="#cite_note-344">[341]</a> In 2019, Google launched Chrome Browser Cloud Management, a dashboard that gives business IT managers the ability to control content accessibility, app usage and browser extensions installed on its deployed computers.<a href="#cite_note-345">[342]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chromium">Chromium</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Chromium_(web_browser)" title="Chromium (web browser)">Chromium (web browser)</a></div> In September 2008, Google released a large portion of Chrome's source code as an open-source project called Chromium. This move enabled third-party developers to study the underlying source code and to help port the browser to the macOS and Linux operating systems. The Google-authored portion of Chromium is released under the permissive <a href="/wiki/BSD_license" class="mw-redirect" title="BSD license">BSD license</a>.<a href="#cite_note-346">[343]</a> Other portions of the source code are subject to a variety of open-source licenses.<a href="#cite_note-347">[344]</a> Chromium is similar to Chrome, but lacks built-in automatic updates and a built-in Flash player, as well as Google branding and has a blue-colored logo instead of the multicolored Google logo.<a href="#cite_note-GoogleComparison-348">[345]</a><a href="#cite_note-349">[346]</a> Chromium does not implement user RLZ tracking.<a href="#cite_note-ChromiumBlog20Jun10-296">[295]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Chromium_Blog-291">[290]</a><a href="#cite_note-Differences_between_Google_Chrome_and_Linux_distro_Chromium-350">[347]</a> Initially, the Google Chrome PDF viewer, PDFium, was excluded from Chromium, but was later made open-source in May 2014.<a href="#cite_note-351">[348]</a><a href="#cite_note-352">[349]</a> PDFium can be used to fill PDF forms.<a href="#cite_note-353">[350]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Developing_for_Chrome">Developing for Chrome</h2></div> It is possible to develop applications, extensions, and themes for Chrome. They are zipped in a .crx file and contain a manifest.json file that specifies basic information (such as version, name, description, privileges, etc.), and other files for the user interface (icons, popups, etc.). Google has an official developer's guide on how to create, develop, and publish projects.<a href="#cite_note-354">[351]</a> Chrome has its own web store where users and developers can upload and download these applications and extensions.<a href="#cite_note-355">[352]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impersonation_by_malware">Impersonation by malware</h2></div> As with <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer#Impersonation_by_malware" title="Internet Explorer">Microsoft Internet Explorer</a>, the popularity of Google Chrome has led to the appearance of malware abusing its name. In late 2015, an <a href="/wiki/Adware#Malware" title="Adware">adware</a> replica of Chrome named "eFast" appeared, which would usurp the Google Chrome installation and hijack file type associations to make shortcuts for common file types and <a href="/wiki/Communication_protocol" title="Communication protocol">communication protocols</a> link to itself, and inject advertisements into web pages. Its similar-looking icon was intended to deceive users.<a href="#cite_note-356">[353]</a><a href="#cite_note-357">[354]</a><a href="#cite_note-358">[355]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/28px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/42px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/56px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="407" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Internet" title="Portal:Internet">Internet portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Browser_wars" title="Browser wars">Browser wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome_Experiments" title="Google Chrome Experiments">Google Chrome Experiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome_Frame" title="Google Chrome Frame">Google Chrome Frame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Workspace" title="Google Workspace">Google Workspace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_web_browser" title="History of the web browser">History of web browsers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Google_products" title="List of Google products">List of Google products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_web_browsers" title="List of web browsers">List of web browsers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Widevine" title="Widevine">Widevine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> Chrome's <a href="/wiki/WebKit" title="WebKit">WebKit</a> & <a href="/wiki/Blink_(browser_engine)" title="Blink (browser engine)">Blink</a> layout engines and its <a href="/wiki/V8_(JavaScript_engine)" title="V8 (JavaScript engine)">V8 JavaScript engine</a> are each <a href="/wiki/Free_and_open-source_software" title="Free and open-source software">free and open-source software</a>, while its other components are each either open-source or <a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">proprietary</a>. However, section 9 of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/intl/en/chrome/browser/privacy/eula_text.html">Google Chrome's Terms of Service</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180124042413/https://www.google.com/intl/en/chrome/browser/privacy/eula_text.html">Archived</a> January 24, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> designates the whole package as proprietary <a href="/wiki/Freeware" title="Freeware">freeware</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-303"><a href="#cite_ref-303">^</a> RLZ can be disabled in Chrome OS, and is not sent on desktop versions of Chrome if it was downloaded directly from Google. RLZ cannot be disabled on mobile versions of Chrome. </li> <li id="cite_note-305"><a href="#cite_ref-305">^</a> Requires advanced user intervention </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-46684d6dd09f7babdd54ab3e2d92b121b865a958-v18-1"><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-46684d6dd09f7babdd54ab3e2d92b121b865a958-v18_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2024/11/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_19.html">"Stable Channel Update for Desktop"</a>. 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Retrieved March 19, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HTML5+test+desktop+browser+comparison&rft.pub=Visred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhtml5test.com%2Fresults%2Fdesktop.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoogle+Chrome" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://html5test.com/s/3fb179264a332e3d.html">"HTML5 test Android Chrome 41 Galaxy S5"</a>. Visred. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230701224041/https://html5test.com/s/3fb179264a332e3d.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 1, 2023. 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Retrieved August 13, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mashable.com&rft.atitle=Chrome%27s+Password+Security+Strategy+Is+Insane&rft.date=2013-08-07&rft.aulast=Kember&rft.aufirst=Elliott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmashable.com%2F2013%2F08%2F07%2Fchrome-password-security%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoogle+Chrome" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=53#c151">"Issue 53 – chromium – No Master Password Option (post #151)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140328060329/http://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=53#c151">Archived</a> from the original on March 28, 2014. Retrieved May 3, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Issue+53+%E2%80%93+chromium+%E2%80%93+No+Master+Password+Option+%28post+%23151%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcode.google.com%2Fp%2Fchromium%2Fissues%2Fdetail%3Fid%3D53%23c151&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoogle+Chrome" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/master/docs/linux/password_storage.md">"Linux Password Storage"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418095643/https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/master/docs/linux/password_storage.md">Archived</a> from the original on April 18, 2021. Retrieved December 25, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Linux+Password+Storage&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchromium.googlesource.com%2Fchromium%2Fsrc%2F%2B%2Fmaster%2Fdocs%2Flinux%2Fpassword_storage.md&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoogle+Chrome" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chromium.org/developers/design-documents/os-x-password-manager-keychain-integration/">"OS X Password Manager/Keychain Integration"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220516194123/https://www.chromium.org/developers/design-documents/os-x-password-manager-keychain-integration/">Archived</a> from the original on May 16, 2022. 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Retrieved February 15, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Computerworld&rft.atitle=Google%27s+Chrome+untouched+at+Pwn2Own+hack+match&rft.date=2011-03-10&rft.aulast=Keizer&rft.aufirst=Gregg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.computerworld.com%2Fs%2Farticle%2F9214022%2FGoogle_s_Chrome_untouched_at_Pwn2Own_hack_match&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoogle+Chrome" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZDnet07Mar12-146">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ZDnet07Mar12_146-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZDnet07Mar12_146-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141024050135/http://www.zdnet.com/blog/security/pwn2own-2012-google-chrome-browser-sandbox-first-to-fall/10588">"Pwn2Own 2012: Google Chrome browser sandbox first to fall"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ZDNet" class="mw-redirect" title="ZDNet">ZDNet</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBS_Interactive" class="mw-redirect" title="CBS Interactive">CBS Interactive</a>. March 7, 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zdnet.com/blog/security/pwn2own-2012-google-chrome-browser-sandbox-first-to-fall/10588">the original</a> on October 24, 2014. Retrieved April 8, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ZDNet&rft.atitle=Pwn2Own+2012%3A+Google+Chrome+browser+sandbox+first+to+fall&rft.date=2012-03-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zdnet.com%2Fblog%2Fsecurity%2Fpwn2own-2012-google-chrome-browser-sandbox-first-to-fall%2F10588&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoogle+Chrome" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141111232732/http://www.zdnet.com/blog/security/cansecwest-pwnium-google-chrome-hacked-with-sandbox-bypass/10563">"CanSecWest Pwnium: Google Chrome hacked with sandbox bypass"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ZDNet" class="mw-redirect" title="ZDNet">ZDNet</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBS_Interactive" class="mw-redirect" title="CBS Interactive">CBS Interactive</a>. 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October 10, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201207182918/https://blog.chromium.org/2012/10/pwnium-2-results-and-wrap-up_10.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2020. 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Retrieved April 21, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google.com&rft.atitle=Chrome+Browser&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fintl%2Fen%2Fchrome%2Fbrowser%2Ffeatures.html%23security&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoogle+Chrome" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTsukayama2018" class="citation news cs1">Tsukayama, Hayley (February 15, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2018/02/15/googles-chrome-ad-blocker-means-the-webs-largest-ad-company-is-also-now-advertisings-biggest-traffic-cop/">"Google's Chrome ad blocker means the Web's largest ad company is also now advertising's biggest traffic cop"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201204061441/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2018/02/15/googles-chrome-ad-blocker-means-the-webs-largest-ad-company-is-also-now-advertisings-biggest-traffic-cop/">Archived</a> from the original on December 4, 2020. Retrieved February 15, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Google%27s+Chrome+ad+blocker+means+the+Web%27s+largest+ad+company+is+also+now+advertising%27s+biggest+traffic+cop&rft.date=2018-02-15&rft.aulast=Tsukayama&rft.aufirst=Hayley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fthe-switch%2Fwp%2F2018%2F02%2F15%2Fgoogles-chrome-ad-blocker-means-the-webs-largest-ad-company-is-also-now-advertisings-biggest-traffic-cop%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoogle+Chrome" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaikivsky2018" class="citation news cs1">Chaikivsky, Andrew (February 15, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.consumerreports.org/digital-security/to-protect-against-websites-that-spy-on-you-get-an-adblocker/">"Want to Protect Against Websites That Spy on You? Get an Ad Blocker"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Consumer_Reports" title="Consumer Reports">Consumer Reports</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201208032650/https://www.consumerreports.org/digital-security/to-protect-against-websites-that-spy-on-you-get-an-adblocker/">Archived</a> from the original on December 8, 2020. Retrieved February 15, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Consumer+Reports&rft.atitle=Want+to+Protect+Against+Websites+That+Spy+on+You%3F+Get+an+Ad+Blocker.&rft.date=2018-02-15&rft.aulast=Chaikivsky&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.consumerreports.org%2Fdigital-security%2Fto-protect-against-websites-that-spy-on-you-get-an-adblocker%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoogle+Chrome" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-chrome-faq-activex-159">^ <a href="#cite_ref-chrome-faq-activex_159-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-chrome-faq-activex_159-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080904005822/https://www.google.com/chrome/intl/en/webmasters-faq.html">"Google Chrome FAQ for web developers"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/chrome/intl/en/webmasters-faq.html#activex">the original</a> on September 4, 2008. Retrieved April 8, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Google+Chrome+FAQ+for+web+developers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fchrome%2Fintl%2Fen%2Fwebmasters-faq.html%23activex&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoogle+Chrome" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paul31Mar10-160"><a href="#cite_ref-Paul31Mar10_160-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul2010" class="citation web cs1">Paul, Ryan (March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/web/news/2010/03/google-bakes-flash-into-chrome-hopes-to-improve-plugin-api.ars">"Google bakes Flash into Chrome, hopes to improve plug-in API"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120505190307/http://arstechnica.com/web/news/2010/03/google-bakes-flash-into-chrome-hopes-to-improve-plugin-api.ars">Archived</a> from the original on May 5, 2012. Retrieved March 14, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Google+bakes+Flash+into+Chrome%2C+hopes+to+improve+plug-in+API&rft.date=2010-03&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fweb%2Fnews%2F2010%2F03%2Fgoogle-bakes-flash-into-chrome-hopes-to-improve-plugin-api.ars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoogle+Chrome" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://java.com/en/download/chrome.jsp">"Java and Google Chrome"</a>. java.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100209071329/http://java.com/en/download/chrome.jsp?">Archived</a> from the original on February 9, 2010. Retrieved December 11, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=java.com&rft.atitle=Java+and+Google+Chrome&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjava.com%2Fen%2Fdownload%2Fchrome.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoogle+Chrome" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=10812">"Issue 10812 – chromium – No java plugin support yet"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151106172855/https://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=10812">Archived</a> from the original on November 6, 2015. Retrieved May 18, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Issue+10812+%E2%80%93+chromium+%E2%80%93+No+java+plugin+support+yet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcode.google.com%2Fp%2Fchromium%2Fissues%2Fdetail%3Fid%3D10812&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoogle+Chrome" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://code.google.com/p/ppapi/wiki/Concepts">"Pepper.wiki"</a>. Code.google.com. February 24, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406192225/https://code.google.com/p/ppapi/wiki/Concepts">Archived</a> from the original on April 6, 2016. Retrieved March 23, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Code.google.com&rft.atitle=Pepper.wiki&rft.date=2012-02-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcode.google.com%2Fp%2Fppapi%2Fwiki%2FConcepts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoogle+Chrome" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chromium.org/nativeclient/getting-started/getting-started-background-and-basics#TOC-Pepper-Plugin-API-PPAPI-">"Pepper Plugin API (PPAPI)"</a>. Chromium.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201221070247/http://www.chromium.org/nativeclient/getting-started/getting-started-background-and-basics#TOC-Pepper-Plugin-API-PPAPI-">Archived</a> from the original on December 21, 2020. Retrieved March 23, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chromium.org&rft.atitle=Pepper+Plugin+API+%28PPAPI%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chromium.org%2Fnativeclient%2Fgetting-started%2Fgetting-started-background-and-basics%23TOC-Pepper-Plugin-API-PPAPI-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoogle+Chrome" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-the-road-to-safer-165"><a href="#cite_ref-the-road-to-safer_165-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.chromium.org/2012/08/the-road-to-safer-more-stable-and.html">"Chromium Blog: The road to safer, more stable, and flashier Flash"</a>. blog.chromium.org. August 8, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180725110647/https://blog.chromium.org/2012/08/the-road-to-safer-more-stable-and.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2018. Retrieved August 29, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=blog.chromium.org&rft.atitle=Chromium+Blog%3A+The+road+to+safer%2C+more+stable%2C+and+flashier+Flash&rft.date=2012-08-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.chromium.org%2F2012%2F08%2Fthe-road-to-safer-more-stable-and.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoogle+Chrome" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SecureFlashMac-166"><a href="#cite_ref-SecureFlashMac_166-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chrome.blogspot.com/2012/11/securing-flash-player-for-our-mac-users.html">"Securing Flash Player for our Mac users"</a>. Google Chrome Blog. Retrieved November 14, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Google+Chrome+Blog&rft.atitle=Securing+Flash+Player+for+our+Mac+users&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchrome.blogspot.com%2F2012%2F11%2Fsecuring-flash-player-for-our-mac-users.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoogle+Chrome" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.chromium.org/2013/09/saying-goodbye-to-our-old-friend-npapi.html">"Chromium Blog: Saying Goodbye to Our Old Friend NPAPI"</a>. Chromium Blog. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210122184036/https://blog.chromium.org/2013/09/saying-goodbye-to-our-old-friend-npapi.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 22, 2021. Retrieved July 13, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chromium+Blog&rft.atitle=Chromium+Blog%3A+Saying+Goodbye+to+Our+Old+Friend+NPAPI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.chromium.org%2F2013%2F09%2Fsaying-goodbye-to-our-old-friend-npapi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoogle+Chrome" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/chromium-dev/xEbgvWE7wMk">"PSA: Chrome for Linux planning to drop NPAPI support as soon as April"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130523081122/http://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/group/chromium-os-dev/browse_thread/thread/337cca9a0da59ad6/9354a38894da5df5#!topic/chromium-dev/xEbgvWE7wMk">Archived</a> from the original on May 23, 2013. Retrieved April 22, 2015. <q>Another thing I found last night is a Debian package called PepperFlashPlayer. Apparently, it works the same way as the existing FlashPlayer package (which downloads Adobe Flash from Adobe and installs it) -- it downloads Chrome from Google, extracts the PPAPI Flash plugin, and installs it for Chromium. That might be a good workaround for Chromium users in the interim. (Note: I am not endorsing this method, just making people aware of it.) But obviously, it would be better if PPAPI Flash were available in a more "official" context.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PSA%3A+Chrome+for+Linux+planning+to+drop+NPAPI+support+as+soon+as+April&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgroups.google.com%2Fa%2Fchromium.org%2Fforum%2F%23%21topic%2Fchromium-dev%2FxEbgvWE7wMk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoogle+Chrome" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chromium.org/developers/npapi-deprecation">"NPAPI deprecation: developer guide"</a>. www.chromium.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210121110102/https://www.chromium.org/developers/npapi-deprecation">Archived</a> from the original on January 21, 2021. Retrieved April 17, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.chromium.org&rft.atitle=NPAPI+deprecation%3A+developer+guide&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chromium.org%2Fdevelopers%2Fnpapi-deprecation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoogle+Chrome" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.google.com/chrome/answer/95464?co=GENIE.Platform=Desktop">"Browse in private – Computer – Google Chrome Help"</a>. support.google.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190323103606/https://support.google.com/chrome/answer/95464?co=GENIE.Platform=Desktop">Archived</a> from the original on March 23, 2019. Retrieved April 1, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=support.google.com&rft.atitle=Browse+in+private+%E2%80%93+Computer+%E2%80%93+Google+Chrome+Help&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsupport.google.com%2Fchrome%2Fanswer%2F95464%3Fco%3DGENIE.Platform%3DDesktop&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoogle+Chrome" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Incog-171"><a href="#cite_ref-Incog_171-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoogle2023" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.google.com/chrome/answer/9845881?hl=en#zippy=%2Chow-incognito-mode-works%2Chow-incognito-mode-protects-your-privacy%2Cyoure-in-control">"How Chrome Incognito keeps your browsing private"</a>. support.google.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20230627184301/https://support.google.com/chrome/answer/9845881?hl=en%23zippy=,how-incognito-mode-works,how-incognito-mode-protects-your-privacy,youre-in-control">Archived</a> from the original on June 27, 2023. Retrieved June 27, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=support.google.com&rft.atitle=How+Chrome+Incognito+keeps+your+browsing+private&rft.date=2023&rft.au=Google&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsupport.google.com%2Fchrome%2Fanswer%2F9845881%3Fhl%3Den%23zippy%3D%252Chow-incognito-mode-works%252Chow-incognito-mode-protects-your-privacy%252Cyoure-in-control&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoogle+Chrome" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/support/chrome/bin/answer.py?answer=95464">"Explore Google Chrome Features: Incognito Mode"</a>. September 2, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090311132829/http://www.google.com/support/chrome/bin/answer.py?answer=95464">Archived</a> from the original on March 11, 2009. Retrieved September 4, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Explore+Google+Chrome+Features%3A+Incognito+Mode&rft.date=2008-09-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fsupport%2Fchrome%2Fbin%2Fanswer.py%3Fanswer%3D95464&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoogle+Chrome" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2021/7/20/22585624/chrome-ios-92-incognito-tabs-with-face-touch-id-passcode-full-page-screenshots">"Chrome for iOS will let you lock down incognito tabs with Face ID"</a>. July 20, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210721002700/https://www.theverge.com/2021/7/20/22585624/chrome-ios-92-incognito-tabs-with-face-touch-id-passcode-full-page-screenshots">Archived</a> from the original on July 21, 2021. 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Retrieved December 17, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tracking+DNT&rft.pub=W3C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2011%2Ftracking-protection%2Fdrafts%2Ftracking-dnt.html%23determining&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoogle+Chrome" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120226042318/https://browserfame.com/478/google-chrome-support-do-not-track">"Google and Chrome To Support Do Not Track"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://browserfame.com/478/google-chrome-support-do-not-track">the original</a> on February 26, 2012. 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Play.google.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210217110816/https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.chrome.beta">Archived</a> from the original on February 17, 2021. Retrieved March 23, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Play.google.com&rft.atitle=Chrome+beta+for+Android+on+Google+Play&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplay.google.com%2Fstore%2Fapps%2Fdetails%3Fid%3Dcom.chrome.beta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoogle+Chrome" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150711220228/https://www.chromestory.com/2015/04/google-launches-dev-channel-for-chrome-on-android/">"Google Launches Dev Channel for Chrome on Android"</a>. Chrome Story. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chromestory.com/2015/04/google-launches-dev-channel-for-chrome-on-android/">the original</a> on July 11, 2015. Retrieved July 13, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chrome+Story&rft.atitle=Google+Launches+Dev+Channel+for+Chrome+on+Android&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chromestory.com%2F2015%2F04%2Fgoogle-launches-dev-channel-for-chrome-on-android%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoogle+Chrome" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDorwin2009" class="citation news cs1">Dorwin, David (May 14, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://google-opensource.blogspot.com/2009/05/google-update-releases-update-controls.html">"Google Update Releases Update Controls"</a>. Google Open Source Blog. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100101175505/http://google-opensource.blogspot.com/2009/05/google-update-releases-update-controls.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 1, 2010. Retrieved May 13, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Google+Open+Source+Blog&rft.atitle=Google+Update+Releases+Update+Controls&rft.date=2009-05-14&rft.aulast=Dorwin&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgoogle-opensource.blogspot.com%2F2009%2F05%2Fgoogle-update-releases-update-controls.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoogle+Chrome" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.google.com/chrome/answer/95346?visit_id=637339793306428474-1010377970&rd=1#install_win_offline">"Download & install Google Chrome – Computer – Google Chrome Help"</a>. support.google.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210614101253/https://support.google.com/chrome/answer/95346?visit_id=637339793306428474-1010377970&rd=1#install_win_offline">Archived</a> from the original on June 14, 2021. Retrieved August 25, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=support.google.com&rft.atitle=Download+%26+install+Google+Chrome+%E2%80%93+Computer+%E2%80%93+Google+Chrome+Help&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsupport.google.com%2Fchrome%2Fanswer%2F95346%3Fvisit_id%3D637339793306428474-1010377970%26rd%3D1%23install_win_offline&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoogle+Chrome" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/intl/en/chrome/browser/desktop/index.html?standalone=1">"Get a fast, free web browser"</a>. Google.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118075150/https://www.google.com/intl/en/chrome/browser/desktop/index.html?standalone=1">Archived</a> from the original on November 18, 2016. Retrieved February 17, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google.com&rft.atitle=Get+a+fast%2C+free+web+browser&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fintl%2Fen%2Fchrome%2Fbrowser%2Fdesktop%2Findex.html%3Fstandalone%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoogle+Chrome" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.google.com/chrome/answer/6315198?visit_id=637339793311802494-2911862149&rd=3">"Fix problems installing Chrome – Google Chrome Help"</a>. support.google.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210614100529/https://support.google.com/chrome/answer/6315198?visit_id=637339793311802494-2911862149&rd=3">Archived</a> from the original on June 14, 2021. Retrieved August 25, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=support.google.com&rft.atitle=Fix+problems+installing+Chrome+%E2%80%93+Google+Chrome+Help&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsupport.google.com%2Fchrome%2Fanswer%2F6315198%3Fvisit_id%3D637339793311802494-2911862149%26rd%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoogle+Chrome" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dev.chromium.org/developers/testing/chromium-build-infrastructure/tour-of-the-chromium-buildbot">"Tour of the Chromium Buildbot Waterfall – The Chromium Projects"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150103033036/http://dev.chromium.org/developers/testing/chromium-build-infrastructure/tour-of-the-chromium-buildbot">Archived</a> from the original on January 3, 2015. Retrieved December 2, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tour+of+the+Chromium+Buildbot+Waterfall+%E2%80%93+The+Chromium+Projects&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdev.chromium.org%2Fdevelopers%2Ftesting%2Fchromium-build-infrastructure%2Ftour-of-the-chromium-buildbot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoogle+Chrome" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKwan" class="citation web cs1">Kwan, Campbell. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/google-to-shorten-chrome-update-cycle-to-four-weeks/">"Google to shorten Chrome update cycle to four weeks"</a>. ZDNet. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305004232/https://www.zdnet.com/article/google-to-shorten-chrome-update-cycle-to-four-weeks/">Archived</a> from the original on March 5, 2021. Retrieved March 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ZDNet&rft.atitle=Google+to+shorten+Chrome+update+cycle+to+four+weeks&rft.aulast=Kwan&rft.aufirst=Campbell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zdnet.com%2Farticle%2Fgoogle-to-shorten-chrome-update-cycle-to-four-weeks%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoogle+Chrome" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-V42-Stable1-201">^ <a href="#cite_ref-V42-Stable1_201-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-V42-Stable1_201-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://googlechromereleases.blogspot.com/2015/04/stable-channel-update_14.html">"Version 42 Stable Release"</a>. Chrome Releases. April 14, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160125034438/http://googlechromereleases.blogspot.com/2015/04/stable-channel-update_14.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 25, 2016. Retrieved December 28, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chrome+Releases&rft.atitle=Version+42+Stable+Release&rft.date=2015-04-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgooglechromereleases.blogspot.com%2F2015%2F04%2Fstable-channel-update_14.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoogle+Chrome" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dev-cal-202">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dev-cal_202-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dev-cal_202-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dev-cal_202-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chromium.org/developers/calendar">"Chromium Development Calendar and Release Info"</a>. The Chromium Projects. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150430005427/http://www.chromium.org/developers/calendar">Archived</a> from the original on April 30, 2015. Retrieved May 1, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Chromium+Projects&rft.atitle=Chromium+Development+Calendar+and+Release+Info&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chromium.org%2Fdevelopers%2Fcalendar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoogle+Chrome" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMike_Frysinger2014" class="citation web cs1">Mike Frysinger (March 14, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chromium.org/developers/version-numbers">"Version Numbers"</a>. The Chromium Projects. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200507084942/https://www.chromium.org/developers/version-numbers">Archived</a> from the original on May 7, 2020. 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Google Slides. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151218182318/https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1uv_dNkPVlDFG1kaImq7dW-6PasJQU1Yzpj5IKG_2coA/present?slide=id.i109">Archived</a> from the original on December 18, 2015. Retrieved May 1, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google+Slides&rft.atitle=Chrome+Release+Cycle+-12%2F16%2F2010&rft.date=2010-12-16&rft.au=Anthony+LaForge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.google.com%2Fpresentation%2Fd%2F1uv_dNkPVlDFG1kaImq7dW-6PasJQU1Yzpj5IKG_2coA%2Fpresent%3Fslide%3Did.i109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoogle+Chrome" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://googlechromereleases.blogspot.com/2015/02/dev-channel-update_24.html">"Version 42 Developer Update"</a>. Chrome Releases. February 26, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160125034438/http://googlechromereleases.blogspot.com/2015/02/dev-channel-update_24.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 25, 2016. Retrieved December 28, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chrome+Releases&rft.atitle=Version+42+Developer+Update&rft.date=2015-02-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgooglechromereleases.blogspot.com%2F2015%2F02%2Fdev-channel-update_24.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoogle+Chrome" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-google1-206"><a href="#cite_ref-google1_206-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=143">"Issue 143: Handle color profiles in tagged images"</a>. Code.google.com. September 2, 2008. Retrieved March 23, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Code.google.com&rft.atitle=Issue+143%3A+Handle+color+profiles+in+tagged+images&rft.date=2008-09-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcode.google.com%2Fp%2Fchromium%2Fissues%2Fdetail%3Fid%3D143&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoogle+Chrome" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/google-chrome-easter-egg-t-rex-mini-game-2014-9">"Google Chrome Easter Egg T-Rex Mini Game"</a>. Business Insider. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230514005803/https://www.businessinsider.com/google-chrome-easter-egg-t-rex-mini-game-2014-9">Archived</a> from the original on May 14, 2023. Retrieved February 15, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Google+Chrome+Easter+Egg+T-Rex+Mini+Game&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fgoogle-chrome-easter-egg-t-rex-mini-game-2014-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoogle+Chrome" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yahoo.com/tech/fun-fact-even-without-an-internet-connection-195609091.html">"Play Google Chrome's Secret Offline Game"</a>. www.yahoo.com. November 18, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160125034438/https://www.yahoo.com/tech/fun-fact-even-without-an-internet-connection-195609091.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 25, 2016. Retrieved January 10, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.yahoo.com&rft.atitle=Play+Google+Chrome%27s+Secret+Offline+Game&rft.date=2015-11-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yahoo.com%2Ftech%2Ffun-fact-even-without-an-internet-connection-195609091.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoogle+Chrome" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radiotimes.com/news/2015-05-28/google-chromes-secret-unable-to-connect-to-the-internet-game-could-be-better-than-the-whole-web">"How do I find the secret dinosaur game on Google Chrome when my internet connection is down?"</a>. 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Retrieved February 15, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RadioTimes&rft.atitle=How+do+I+find+the+secret+dinosaur+game+on+Google+Chrome+when+my+internet+connection+is+down%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiotimes.com%2Fnews%2F2015-05-28%2Fgoogle-chromes-secret-unable-to-connect-to-the-internet-game-could-be-better-than-the-whole-web&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoogle+Chrome" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/google-chromes-unable-to-connect-to-the-internet-page-has-a-hidden-endless-runner-game-9758418.html">"Google Chrome's 'Unable to connect to the Internet' page has a hidden endless runner game"</a>. The Independent. September 26, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170828161520/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/google-chromes-unable-to-connect-to-the-internet-page-has-a-hidden-endless-runner-game-9758418.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 28, 2017. Retrieved August 29, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Google+Chrome%27s+%27Unable+to+connect+to+the+Internet%27+page+has+a+hidden+endless+runner+game&rft.date=2014-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Flife-style%2Fgadgets-and-tech%2Fnews%2Fgoogle-chromes-unable-to-connect-to-the-internet-page-has-a-hidden-endless-runner-game-9758418.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoogle+Chrome" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=462221">"Issue 462221 – chromium – Disable offline game (T-Rex) if device is enrolled – Monorail"</a>. Chromium.org. February 26, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230602024810/https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=462221">Archived</a> from the original on June 2, 2023. 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Retrieved September 11, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Remove+Spyware+%26+Malware+with+SpyHunter+%E2%80%93+EnigmaSoft+Ltd&rft.atitle=Clever+Malware+Replaces+Web+Browser+with+Dangerous+%27eFast%27+Chrome+Lookalike&rft.date=2015-10-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.enigmasoftware.com%2Fmalware-replaces-web-browser-efast-chrome-lookalike%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoogle+Chrome" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-358"><a href="#cite_ref-358">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/virus-removal/remove-efast-browser">"eFast Browser Removal Guide"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bleeping_Computer" title="Bleeping Computer">Bleeping Computer</a>. October 28, 2015. Retrieved September 11, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bleeping+Computer&rft.atitle=eFast+Browser+Removal+Guide&rft.date=2015-10-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bleepingcomputer.com%2Fvirus-removal%2Fremove-efast-browser&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoogle+Chrome" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Timeline_of_web_browsers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Timeline_of_web_browsers" title="Template:Timeline of web browsers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Timeline_of_web_browsers" title="Template talk:Timeline of web browsers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Timeline_of_web_browsers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Timeline of web browsers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Timeline_of_web_browsers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_web_browsers" title="Timeline of web browsers">Timeline</a> of <a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browsers</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="General" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">General</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_web_browsers" title="Comparison of web browsers">Comparison</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_lightweight_web_browsers" title="Comparison of lightweight web browsers">lightweight</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_web_browser" title="History of the web browser">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_web_browsers" title="List of web browsers">List</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_web_browsers_for_Unix_and_Unix-like_operating_systems" title="List of web browsers for Unix and Unix-like operating systems">for Unix</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usage_share_of_web_browsers" title="Usage share of web browsers">Usage share</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1990s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1990s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WorldWideWeb" title="WorldWideWeb">WorldWideWeb (Nexus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Line_Mode_Browser" title="Line Mode Browser">Line Mode Browser</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libwww" title="Libwww">libwww</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1992</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erwise" title="Erwise">Erwise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacWWW" title="MacWWW">MacWWW (Samba)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MidasWWW" title="MidasWWW">MidasWWW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TkWWW" title="TkWWW">tkWWW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ViolaWWW" title="ViolaWWW">ViolaWWW</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1993</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMosaic" title="AMosaic">AMosaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_(web_browser)" title="Arena (web browser)">Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cello_(web_browser)" title="Cello (web browser)">Cello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emacs/W3" class="mw-redirect" title="Emacs/W3">Emacs/W3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynx_(web_browser)" title="Lynx (web browser)">Lynx 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosaic_(web_browser)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosaic (web browser)">NCSA Mosaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VMS_Mosaic" class="mw-redirect" title="VMS Mosaic">VMS Mosaic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1994</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AirMosaic" title="AirMosaic">AirMosaic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IBox" title="IBox">Internet in a Box</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresco_(web_browser)" title="Fresco (web browser)">ANT Fresco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argo_(web_browser)" title="Argo (web browser)">Argo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_WebExplorer" title="IBM WebExplorer">IBM WebExplorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SlipKnot_(web_browser)" title="SlipKnot (web browser)">SlipKnot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Internet_Users_Essential_Tool" title="Minnesota Internet Users Essential Tool">Minuet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AOLpress" title="AOLpress">Navipress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netscape_(web_browser)#Netscape_Navigator_.28versions_1.0.E2.80.933.0.29" title="Netscape (web browser)">Mosaic/Mosaic Netscape/Netscape Navigator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spyglass,_Inc." title="Spyglass, Inc.">Spyglass Mosaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InterCon_Systems_Corporation#TCP.2FConnect_II" title="InterCon Systems Corporation">TCP/Connect II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1995</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agora_(web_browser)" title="Agora (web browser)">Agora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALynx" class="mw-redirect" title="ALynx">ALynx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMSD_Ariadna" title="AMSD Ariadna">AMSD Ariadna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberjack" title="Cyberjack">Cyberjack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InterCon_Systems_Corporation#WebShark" title="InterCon Systems Corporation">eWorld Web Browser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grail_(web_browser)" title="Grail (web browser)">Grail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Explorer 1">Internet Explorer 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_2" title="Internet Explorer 2">Internet Explorer 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netscape_(web_browser)#Netscape_Navigator_.28versions_1.0.E2.80.933.0.29" title="Netscape (web browser)">Netscape Navigator 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InterCon_Systems_Corporation#NetShark" title="InterCon Systems Corporation">NetShark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OmniWeb" title="OmniWeb">OmniWeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HotJava" title="HotJava">HotJava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UdiWWW" title="UdiWWW">UdiWWW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InterCon_Systems_Corporation#WebShark" title="InterCon Systems Corporation">WebShark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W3m" title="W3m">w3m</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1996</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyberdog" title="Cyberdog">Cyberdog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arachne_(web_browser)" title="Arachne (web browser)">Arachne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AWeb" title="AWeb">AWeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBrowse" title="IBrowse">IBrowse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaya_(web_editor)" title="Amaya (web editor)">Amaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_3" title="Internet Explorer 3">Internet Explorer 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netscape_(web_browser)#Netscape_Navigator_.28versions_1.0.E2.80.933.0.29" title="Netscape (web browser)">Netscape Navigator 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser#Version_2" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_PowerBrowser" title="Oracle PowerBrowser">Oracle PowerBrowser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InterCon_Systems_Corporation" title="InterCon Systems Corporation">tcpCONNECT4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyager_(web_browser)" title="Voyager (web browser)">Voyager</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1997</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Netscape_Communicator" title="Netscape Communicator">Netscape Communicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_4" title="Internet Explorer 4">Internet Explorer 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser#Version_2" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 2.1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NeoPlanet" title="NeoPlanet">NeoPlanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Application_Suite" title="Mozilla Application Suite">Mozilla Application Suite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser#Version_3" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 3–3.21</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ICab" title="ICab">iCab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_5" title="Internet Explorer 5">Internet Explorer 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OmniWeb" title="OmniWeb">OmniWeb 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser#Version_3" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 3.5–3.62</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2000s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2000s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beonex_Communicator" title="Beonex Communicator">Beonex Communicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galeon" title="Galeon">Galeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-Meleon" title="K-Meleon">K-Meleon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konqueror" title="Konqueror">Konqueror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MediaBrowser" title="MediaBrowser">MediaBrowser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netscape_6" title="Netscape 6">Netscape 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser#Version_4" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 4–4.02</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ICab" title="ICab">iCab 2.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_6" title="Internet Explorer 6">Internet Explorer 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OmniWeb" title="OmniWeb">OmniWeb 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser#Version_5" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 5–5.12</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2002</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camino_(web_browser)" title="Camino (web browser)">Camino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Web" title="GNOME Web">Epiphany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netscape_7" title="Netscape 7">Netscape 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser#Version_6" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 6–6.1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GreenBrowser" title="GreenBrowser">GreenBrowser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxthon#Browser_versions" title="Maxthon">Maxthon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser#Version_7" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 7–7.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SlimBrowser" title="SlimBrowser">SlimBrowser</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2004</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_version_history" title="Firefox version history">Phoenix/Firebird/Firefox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser#Version_7" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 7.5–7.55</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AOL_Explorer" title="AOL Explorer">AOL Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deepnet_Explorer" title="Deepnet Explorer">Deepnet Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_version_history#Release_history" title="Firefox version history">Firefox 1.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netscape_Browser" title="Netscape Browser">Netscape Browser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser#Version_8" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 8–8.54</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)#Safari_2" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari 2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2006</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_version_history#Release_history" title="Firefox version history">Firefox 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_7" title="Internet Explorer 7">Internet Explorer 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser#Version_9" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 9–9.27</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maxthon#Browser_versions" title="Maxthon">Maxthon 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser#Version_9" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 9.5–9.64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)#Safari_3" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SeaMonkey#Release_history" title="SeaMonkey">SeaMonkey 1.1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2008</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_version_history#Release_history" title="Firefox version history">Firefox 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netscape_Navigator_9" title="Netscape Navigator 9">Netscape Navigator 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetSurf#Release" title="NetSurf">NetSurf 1.2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chrome 2–3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_version_history#Release_history" title="Firefox version history">Firefox 3.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_8" title="Internet Explorer 8">Internet Explorer 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser#Version_10" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 10–10.63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pale_Moon" title="Pale Moon">Pale Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)#Safari_4" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SeaMonkey#Release_history" title="SeaMonkey">SeaMonkey 2.0</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2010s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2010s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chrome 4–8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_version_history#Release_history" title="Firefox version history">Firefox 3.6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunascape#History" title="Lunascape">Lunascape 6.0.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxthon#Browser_versions" title="Maxthon">Maxthon 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetSurf#Release" title="NetSurf">NetSurf 2.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser#Version_11" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 11–11.64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)#Safari_5" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari 5</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chrome 9–16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_version_history#Release_history" title="Firefox version history">Firefox 4–9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_9" title="Internet Explorer 9">Internet Explorer 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunascape#History" title="Lunascape">Lunascape 6.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser#Version_12" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 12–12.17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SeaMonkey#Release_history" title="SeaMonkey">SeaMonkey 2.1–2.4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterfox" title="Waterfox">Waterfox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2012</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chrome 17–23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_version_history#Release_history" title="Firefox version history">Firefox 10–17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_10" title="Internet Explorer 10">Internet Explorer 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunascape#History" title="Lunascape">Lunascape 6.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxthon#Browser_versions" title="Maxthon">Maxthon 3.4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetSurf#Release" title="NetSurf">NetSurf 2.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)#Safari_6" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yandex_Browser" title="Yandex Browser">Yandex Browser</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chrome 24–31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_version_history#Release_history" title="Firefox version history">Firefox 18–26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_11" title="Internet Explorer 11">Internet Explorer 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 15–18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)#Safari_7" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SeaMonkey#Release_history" title="SeaMonkey">SeaMonkey 2.15–2.22</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chrome 32–39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_version_history#Release_history" title="Firefox version history">Firefox 27–34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunascape#History" title="Lunascape">Lunascape 6.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetSurf#Release" title="NetSurf">NetSurf 3.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 19–26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)#Safari_8" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SeaMonkey#Release_history" title="SeaMonkey">SeaMonkey 2.23–2.31</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chrome 40–47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_version_history#Release_history" title="Firefox version history">Firefox 35–43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunascape#History" title="Lunascape">Lunascape 6.10–6.12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge#Edge_Legacy_release_history" title="Microsoft Edge">Microsoft Edge 20, 25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 27–34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)#Safari_9" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SeaMonkey#Release_history" title="SeaMonkey">SeaMonkey 2.32–2.39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivaldi_(web_browser)#History" title="Vivaldi (web browser)">Vivaldi Technical Preview 1–Beta 2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brave_(web_browser)#History" title="Brave (web browser)">Brave 0.7–0.12</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chrome 48–55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_version_history#Release_history" title="Firefox version history">Firefox 44–50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunascape#History" title="Lunascape">Lunascape 6.13–6.15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge#Edge_Legacy_release_history" title="Microsoft Edge">Microsoft Edge 38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 35–42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)#Safari_10" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivaldi_(web_browser)#History" title="Vivaldi (web browser)">Vivaldi Beta 3–1.6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yandex_Browser" title="Yandex Browser">Yandex 15.12–16.9</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brave_(web_browser)#History" title="Brave (web browser)">Brave 0.13–0.19</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chrome 56–63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_version_history#Release_history" title="Firefox version history">Firefox 51–57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge#Edge_Legacy_release_history" title="Microsoft Edge">Microsoft Edge 40, 41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 43–49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)#Safari_11" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SeaMonkey#Release_history" title="SeaMonkey">SeaMonkey 2.46–2.49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivaldi_(web_browser)#History" title="Vivaldi (web browser)">Vivaldi 1.7–1.13</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basilisk_(web_browser)" title="Basilisk (web browser)">Basilisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brave_(web_browser)#History" title="Brave (web browser)">Brave 0.20–0.60</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chrome 64–71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_version_history#Release_history" title="Firefox version history">Firefox 58–64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge#Edge_Legacy_release_history" title="Microsoft Edge">Microsoft Edge 42–44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 50–57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)#Safari_12" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari 12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivaldi_(web_browser)#History" title="Vivaldi (web browser)">Vivaldi 1.14–2.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterfox" title="Waterfox">Waterfox 56.0–56.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yandex_Browser" title="Yandex Browser">Yandex 17.9–18.10</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brave_(web_browser)#History" title="Brave (web browser)">Brave 0.61–1.1</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chrome 72–79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_version_history#Release_history" title="Firefox version history">Firefox 65–71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge#Edge_Legacy_release_history" title="Microsoft Edge">Microsoft Edge 44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 58–65</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)#Safari_13" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari 13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivaldi_(web_browser)#History" title="Vivaldi (web browser)">Vivaldi 2.3–2.10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterfox" title="Waterfox">Waterfox 60.1–68.0a2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naver_Whale" title="Naver Whale">Whale 1.4–1.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yandex_Browser" title="Yandex Browser">Yandex 18.11–19.12</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2020s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2020s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brave_(web_browser)#History" title="Brave (web browser)">Brave 1.2–1.18</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chrome 80–87</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_version_history#Release_history" title="Firefox version history">Firefox 72–84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge#New_Edge_release_history" title="Microsoft Edge">Microsoft Edge 79–87</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 66–73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SeaMonkey#Release_history" title="SeaMonkey">SeaMonkey 2.53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivaldi_(web_browser)#History" title="Vivaldi (web browser)">Vivaldi 2.11–3.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)#Safari_14" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari 14</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brave_(web_browser)#History" title="Brave (web browser)">Brave 1.19–1.33</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chrome 88–96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_version_history#Release_history" title="Firefox version history">Firefox 85–95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge#New_Edge_release_history" title="Microsoft Edge">Microsoft Edge 88–96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 74–82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SeaMonkey#Release_history" title="SeaMonkey">SeaMonkey 2.53.10.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivaldi_(web_browser)#History" title="Vivaldi (web browser)">Vivaldi 3.6–5.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yandex_Browser" title="Yandex Browser">Yandex 20.11.5–21.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)#Safari_15" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari 15</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arc_(web_browser)#Production_and_release" title="Arc (web browser)">Arc 0.46–0.81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brave_(web_browser)#History" title="Brave (web browser)">Brave 1.34–1.46</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chrome 97–108</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_version_history#Release_history" title="Firefox version history">Firefox 96–108</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge#New_Edge_release_history" title="Microsoft Edge">Microsoft Edge 97–108</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 83–94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivaldi_(web_browser)#History" title="Vivaldi (web browser)">Vivaldi 5.1–5.6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yandex_Browser" title="Yandex Browser">Yandex 22.1–22.11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)#Safari_16" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari 16</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2023</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arc_(web_browser)#Production_and_release" title="Arc (web browser)">Arc 0.85–1.21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brave_(web_browser)#History" title="Brave (web browser)">Brave 1.47–1.61</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chrome 109–120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_version_history#Release_history" title="Firefox version history">Firefox 109–121</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge#New_Edge_release_history" title="Microsoft Edge">Microsoft Edge 109–120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 95–106</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivaldi_(web_browser)#History" title="Vivaldi (web browser)">Vivaldi 5.7–6.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yandex_Browser" title="Yandex Browser">Yandex 23.1–23.11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)#Safari_17" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari 17</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2024</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arc_(web_browser)#Production_and_release" title="Arc (web browser)">Arc 1.25–</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brave_(web_browser)#History" title="Brave (web browser)">Brave 1.62–</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chrome 121–</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_version_history#Release_history" title="Firefox version history">Firefox 122–</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge#New_Edge_release_history" title="Microsoft Edge">Microsoft Edge 121–</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 107–</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivaldi_(web_browser)#History" title="Vivaldi (web browser)">Vivaldi 6.6–</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yandex_Browser" title="Yandex Browser">Yandex 24.1–</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)#Safari_18" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari 18</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Related_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3DMLW" title="3DMLW">3D Markup Language for Web</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALIWEB" title="ALIWEB">ALIWEB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARPANET" title="ARPANET">ARPANET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BITNET" title="BITNET">BITNET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browser_wars" title="Browser wars">Browser wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CompuServe" title="CompuServe">CompuServe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elm_(email_client)" title="Elm (email client)">Elm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Email" title="Email">Email</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol" title="File Transfer Protocol">File Transfer Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopher_(protocol)" title="Gopher (protocol)">Gopher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HyperCard" title="HyperCard">HyperCard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HyTelnet" title="HyTelnet">HyTelnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCSA_Telnet" title="NCSA Telnet">NCSA Telnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NLS_(computer_system)" title="NLS (computer system)">NLS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prodigy_(online_service)" title="Prodigy (online service)">Prodigy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teletext" title="Teletext">Teletext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telnet" title="Telnet">Telnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usenet" title="Usenet">Usenet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UUCP" title="UUCP">UUCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Videotex" title="Videotex">Videotex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viewdata" title="Viewdata">Viewdata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VRML" title="VRML">Virtual Reality Markup Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_page" title="Web page">Web page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whole_Internet_User%27s_Guide_and_Catalog" title="Whole Internet User's Guide and Catalog">Whole Internet User's Guide and Catalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X.25" title="X.25">X.25</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Web_browsers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Web_browsers" title="Template:Web browsers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Web_browsers" title="Template talk:Web browsers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Web_browsers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Web browsers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Web_browsers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">Web browsers</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="*_Features_*_standards_*_protocols" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <ul><li>Features</li> <li>standards</li> <li>protocols</li></ul> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bookmark_(digital)" title="Bookmark (digital)">Bookmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browser_extension" title="Browser extension">Extensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_browsing" title="Private browsing">Privacy mode</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Web_standards" title="Web standards">Web standards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">v5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">DOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_storage" title="Web storage">Web storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indexed_Database_API" title="Indexed Database API">IndexedDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebGL" title="WebGL">WebGL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebGPU" title="WebGPU">WebGPU</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Protocols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTTP" title="HTTP">HTTP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTTPS" title="HTTPS">Encryption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTP_cookie" title="HTTP cookie">Cookies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third-party_cookies" title="Third-party cookies">third-party</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_Certificate_Status_Protocol" title="Online Certificate Status Protocol">OCSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebRTC" title="WebRTC">WebRTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebSocket" title="WebSocket">WebSocket</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Active" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Active</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Blink_(browser_engine)" title="Blink (browser engine)">Blink</a>-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Google Chrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arc_(web_browser)" title="Arc (web browser)">Arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avast_Secure_Browser" title="Avast Secure Browser">Avast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%E1%BB%91c_C%E1%BB%91c" title="Cốc Cốc">Coc Coc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comodo_Dragon" title="Comodo Dragon">Comodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_(web_browser)" title="Epic (web browser)">Epic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxthon" title="Maxthon">Maxthon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge" title="Microsoft Edge">Microsoft Edge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_(web_browser)" title="Opera (web browser)">Opera</a> (<a href="/wiki/Opera_Mobile" title="Opera Mobile">Mobile</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puffin_Browser" title="Puffin Browser">Puffin </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QQ_Browser" title="QQ Browser">QQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsung_Internet" title="Samsung Internet">Samsung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Silk" title="Amazon Silk">Silk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleipnir_(web_browser)" title="Sleipnir (web browser)">Sleipnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SRWare_Iron" title="SRWare Iron">SRWare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UC_Browser" title="UC Browser">UC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivaldi_(web_browser)" title="Vivaldi (web browser)">Vivaldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naver_Whale" title="Naver Whale">Whale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yandex_Browser" title="Yandex Browser">Yandex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Free_and_Open_Source" class="mw-redirect" title="Free and Open Source">FOSS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chromium_(web_browser)" title="Chromium (web browser)">Chromium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brave_(web_browser)" title="Brave (web browser)">Brave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dooble" title="Dooble">Dooble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkon" title="Falkon">Falkon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otter_Browser" title="Otter Browser">Otter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermium" title="Supermium">Supermium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ungoogled-chromium" title="Ungoogled-chromium">ungoogled</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gecko_(software)" title="Gecko (software)">Gecko</a>-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firefox" title="Firefox">Firefox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floorp" title="Floorp">Floorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_IceCat" title="GNU IceCat">GNU IceCat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LibreWolf" title="LibreWolf">LibreWolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midori_(web_browser)" title="Midori (web browser)">Midori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SlimBrowser" title="SlimBrowser">SlimBrowser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tor_Browser" class="mw-redirect" title="Tor Browser">Tor Browser</a></li> <li>Gecko <a href="/wiki/Fork_(software_development)" title="Fork (software development)">forks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basilisk_(web_browser)" title="Basilisk (web browser)">Basilisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-Meleon" title="K-Meleon">K-Meleon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pale_Moon" title="Pale Moon">Pale Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SeaMonkey" title="SeaMonkey">SeaMonkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterfox" title="Waterfox">Waterfox</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/WebKit" title="WebKit">WebKit</a>-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Web" title="GNOME Web">GNOME Web</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICab" title="ICab">iCab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kagi_(search_engine)#Orion_Browser" title="Kagi (search engine)">Orion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multi-<a href="/wiki/Browser_engine" title="Browser engine">engine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/360_Secure_Browser" title="360 Secure Browser">360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DuckDuckGo_Private_Browser" title="DuckDuckGo Private Browser">DuckDuckGo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konqueror" title="Konqueror">Konqueror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunascape" title="Lunascape">Lunascape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetFront" title="NetFront">NetFront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutebrowser" title="Qutebrowser">qutebrowser</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eww_(web_browser)" title="Eww (web browser)">eww</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flow_(web_browser)" title="Flow (web browser)">Flow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladybird_(web_browser)" title="Ladybird (web browser)">Ladybird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Links_(web_browser)" title="Links (web browser)">Links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynx_(web_browser)" title="Lynx (web browser)">Lynx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetSurf" title="NetSurf">NetSurf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_Mini" title="Opera Mini">Opera Mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W3m" title="W3m">w3m</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Discontinued" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Discontinued</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Blink_(browser_engine)" title="Blink (browser engine)">Blink</a>-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beaker_(web_browser)" title="Beaker (web browser)">Beaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrio" title="Citrio">Citrio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flock_(web_browser)" title="Flock (web browser)">Flock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redcore" title="Redcore">Redcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockmelt" title="Rockmelt">Rockmelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SalamWeb" title="SalamWeb">SalamWeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_(search_engine)#Browser" title="Sputnik (search engine)">Sputnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torch_(web_browser)" title="Torch (web browser)">Torch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gecko_(software)" title="Gecko (software)">Gecko</a>-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beonex_Communicator" title="Beonex Communicator">Beonex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camino_(web_browser)" title="Camino (web browser)">Camino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classilla" title="Classilla">Classilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conkeror" title="Conkeror">Conkeror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_Lite" title="Firefox Lite">Firefox Lite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galeon" title="Galeon">Galeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghostzilla" title="Ghostzilla">Ghostzilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comodo_IceDragon" title="Comodo IceDragon">IceDragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazehakase" title="Kazehakase">Kazehakase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kylo_(web_browser)" title="Kylo (web browser)">Kylo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Lotus_Symphony" title="IBM Lotus Symphony">Lotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MicroB" title="MicroB">MicroB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimo" title="Minimo">Minimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Application_Suite" title="Mozilla Application Suite">Mozilla suite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PirateBrowser" title="PirateBrowser">PirateBrowser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AT%26T_Pogo" title="AT&T Pogo">Pogo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirix_Strata" title="Kirix Strata">Strata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiftfox" title="Swiftfox">Swiftfox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiftweasel" title="Swiftweasel">Swiftweasel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TenFourFox" class="mw-redirect" title="TenFourFox">TenFourFox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timberwolf_(web_browser)" title="Timberwolf (web browser)">Timberwolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XB_Browser" title="XB Browser">xB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trident_(software)" title="Trident (software)">MSHTML</a>-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AOL_Explorer" title="AOL Explorer">AOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deepnet_Explorer" title="Deepnet Explorer">Deepnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GreenBrowser" title="GreenBrowser">GreenBrowser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MediaBrowser" title="MediaBrowser">MediaBrowser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NeoPlanet" title="NeoPlanet">NeoPlanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetCaptor" title="NetCaptor">NetCaptor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceTime_(software)#SpaceTime_Browser" title="SpaceTime (software)">SpaceTime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZAC_Browser" title="ZAC Browser">ZAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/WebKit" title="WebKit">WebKit</a>-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arora_(web_browser)" title="Arora (web browser)">Arora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolt_(web_browser)" title="Bolt (web browser)">BOLT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolphin_Browser" title="Dolphin Browser">Dolphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluid_(web_browser)" title="Fluid (web browser)">Fluid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_TV_(smart_TV_platform)" class="mw-redirect" title="Google TV (smart TV platform)">Google TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iris_Browser" title="Iris Browser">Iris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_Browser" title="Mercury Browser">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nokia_Browser_for_Symbian" title="Nokia Browser for Symbian">Nokia Symbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OmniWeb" title="OmniWeb">OmniWeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_Coast" title="Opera Coast">Opera Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origyn_Web_Browser" title="Origyn Web Browser">Origyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QtWeb" title="QtWeb">QtWeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiira" title="Shiira">Shiira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel_(web_browser)" title="Steel (web browser)">Steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surf_(web_browser)" title="Surf (web browser)">surf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbl" title="Uzbl">Uzbl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebPositive" class="mw-redirect" title="WebPositive">WebPositive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xombrero" title="Xombrero">xombrero</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abaco_(web_browser)" title="Abaco (web browser)">abaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaya_(web_editor)" title="Amaya (web editor)">Amaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arachne_(web_browser)" title="Arachne (web browser)">Arachne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_(web_browser)" title="Arena (web browser)">Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blazer_(web_browser)" title="Blazer (web browser)">Blazer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cake_Browser" title="Cake Browser">Cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charon_(web_browser)" title="Charon (web browser)">Charon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CM_Browser" title="CM Browser">CM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Live_Labs_Deepfish" title="Microsoft Live Labs Deepfish">Deepfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dillo" title="Dillo">Dillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge_Legacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Edge Legacy">Edge Legacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ELinks" title="ELinks">ELinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazelle_(web_browser)" title="Gazelle (web browser)">Gazelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HotJava" title="HotJava">HotJava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Home_Page_Reader" title="IBM Home Page Reader">IBM Home Page Reader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_WebExplorer" title="IBM WebExplorer">IBM WebExplorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBrowse" title="IBrowse">IBrowse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_for_Mac" title="Internet Explorer for Mac">Internet Explorer for Mac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KidZui" title="KidZui">KidZui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_Mode_Browser" title="Line Mode Browser">Line Mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosaic_(web_browser)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosaic (web browser)">Mosaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSN_TV" title="MSN TV">MSN TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetPositive" class="mw-redirect" title="NetPositive">NetPositive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netscape_(web_browser)" title="Netscape (web browser)">Netscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skweezer" title="Skweezer">Skweezer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyfire_(company)" title="Skyfire (company)">Skyfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ThunderHawk" title="ThunderHawk">ThunderHawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vision_Mobile_Browser" title="Vision Mobile Browser">Vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinWAP" title="WinWAP">WinWAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WorldWideWeb" title="WorldWideWeb">WorldWideWeb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Web_browsers" title="Category:Web browsers">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_web_browsers" title="Comparison of web browsers">Comparisons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_web_browsers" title="List of web browsers">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Google" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Google_LLC" title="Template:Google LLC"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Google_LLC" title="Template talk:Google LLC"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Google_LLC" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Google LLC"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Google" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_Inc." title="Alphabet Inc.">Alphabet Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Google" title="History of Google">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Android_apps_by_Google" title="List of Android apps by Google">List of Android apps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Google_Easter_eggs" title="List of Google Easter eggs">List of Easter eggs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Google_April_Fools%27_Day_jokes" title="List of Google April Fools' Day jokes">April Fools' Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_Alphabet" title="List of mergers and acquisitions by Alphabet">List of mergers and acquisitions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Company" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Company</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Ads" title="Google Ads">Ads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_AI" title="Google AI">AI</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Brain" title="Google Brain">Brain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_DeepMind" title="Google DeepMind">DeepMind</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Booting_process_of_Android_devices" title="Booting process of Android devices">booting process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_recovery_mode" title="Android recovery mode">recovery mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_software_development" title="Android software development">software development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_version_history" title="Android version history">version history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_China" title="Google China">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goojje" title="Goojje">Goojje</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Cloud_Platform" title="Google Cloud Platform">Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Glass" title="Google Glass">Glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google.org" title="Google.org">Google.org</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Crisis_Response" title="Google Crisis Response">Crisis Response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Public_Alerts" title="Google Public Alerts">Public Alerts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RechargeIT" title="RechargeIT">RechargeIT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Health" title="Google Health">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Maps" title="Google Maps">Maps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Pixel" title="Google Pixel">Pixel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Search" title="Google Search">Search</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Google_Search" title="Timeline of Google Search">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidewalk_Labs" title="Sidewalk Labs">Sidewalk Labs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Energy" title="Google Energy">Sustainability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_YouTube" title="History of YouTube">History</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Me_at_the_zoo" title="Me at the zoo">Me at the zoo</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_YouTube" title="Social impact of YouTube">Social impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTuber" title="YouTuber">YouTuber</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Google_employees" title="Category:Google employees">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Bharat" title="Krishna Bharat">Krishna Bharat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vint_Cerf" title="Vint Cerf">Vint Cerf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Dean" title="Jeff Dean">Jeff Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Doerr" title="John Doerr">John Doerr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjay_Ghemawat" title="Sanjay Ghemawat">Sanjay Ghemawat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_L._Hennessy" title="John L. Hennessy">John L. Hennessy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urs_H%C3%B6lzle" title="Urs Hölzle">Urs Hölzle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salar_Kamangar" title="Salar Kamangar">Salar Kamangar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Kurzweil" title="Ray Kurzweil">Ray Kurzweil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Mather" title="Ann Mather">Ann Mather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Mulally" title="Alan Mulally">Alan Mulally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Osterloh" title="Rick Osterloh">Rick Osterloh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundar_Pichai" title="Sundar Pichai">Sundar Pichai</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Porat" title="Ruth Porat">Ruth Porat</a> (CFO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajen_Sheth" title="Rajen Sheth">Rajen Sheth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Varian" title="Hal Varian">Hal Varian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neal_Mohan" title="Neal Mohan">Neal Mohan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Bechtolsheim" title="Andy Bechtolsheim">Andy Bechtolsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Brin" title="Sergey Brin">Sergey Brin</a> (Founder)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cheriton" title="David Cheriton">David Cheriton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Cutts" title="Matt Cutts">Matt Cutts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Drummond_(businessman)" title="David Drummond (businessman)">David Drummond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Eustace" title="Alan Eustace">Alan Eustace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timnit_Gebru" title="Timnit Gebru">Timnit Gebru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omid_Kordestani" title="Omid Kordestani">Omid Kordestani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Otellini" title="Paul Otellini">Paul Otellini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Page" title="Larry Page">Larry Page</a> (Founder)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Pichette" title="Patrick Pichette">Patrick Pichette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Schmidt" title="Eric Schmidt">Eric Schmidt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Shriram" title="Ram Shriram">Ram Shriram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amit_Singhal" title="Amit Singhal">Amit Singhal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_M._Tilghman" title="Shirley M. Tilghman">Shirley M. Tilghman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Whetstone" title="Rachel Whetstone">Rachel Whetstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Wojcicki" title="Susan Wojcicki">Susan Wojcicki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Real estate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/111_Eighth_Avenue" title="111 Eighth Avenue">111 Eighth Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Androidland" title="Androidland">Androidland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_barges" title="Google barges">Barges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binoculars_Building" title="Binoculars Building">Binoculars Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Saint_Giles" title="Central Saint Giles">Central Saint Giles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelsea_Market" title="Chelsea Market">Chelsea Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrome_Zone" title="Chrome Zone">Chrome Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_data_centers" title="Google data centers">Data centers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Googleplex" title="Googleplex">Googleplex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayfield_Mall" title="Mayfield Mall">Mayfield Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pier_57" title="Pier 57">Pier 57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidewalk_Toronto" title="Sidewalk Toronto">Sidewalk Toronto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Terminal" title="St. John's Terminal">St. John's Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Space" title="YouTube Space">YouTube Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Theater" title="YouTube Theater">YouTube Theater</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Design</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Fonts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croscore_fonts" title="Croscore fonts">Croscore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noto_fonts" title="Noto fonts">Noto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_Sans" title="Product Sans">Product Sans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roboto" title="Roboto">Roboto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_logo" title="Google logo">Logo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Doodle" title="Google Doodle">Doodle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doodle_Champion_Island_Games" title="Doodle Champion Island Games">Doodle Champion Island Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_Cat_Academy" title="Magic Cat Academy">Magic Cat Academy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Material_Design" title="Material Design">Material Design</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Android <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Android_Developer_Challenge" title="Android Developer Challenge">Developer Challenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_Developer_Day" title="Android Developer Day">Developer Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_Developer_Lab" title="Android Developer Lab">Developer Lab</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Code-in" title="Google Code-in">Code-in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Code_Jam" title="Google Code Jam">Code Jam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Developer_Day" title="Google Developer Day">Developer Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Developers_Live" title="Google Developers Live">Developers Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doodle4Google" title="Doodle4Google">Doodle4Google</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G-Day" title="G-Day">G-Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_I/O" title="Google I/O">I/O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jigsaw_(company)" title="Jigsaw (company)">Jigsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_Stories" title="Living Stories">Living Stories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Lunar_X_Prize" title="Google Lunar X Prize">Lunar XPRIZE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Mapathon" title="Google Mapathon">Mapathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Science_Fair" title="Google Science Fair">Science Fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Summer_of_Code" title="Google Summer of Code">Summer of Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talks_at_Google" class="mw-redirect" title="Talks at Google">Talks at Google</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">YouTube</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Awards" title="YouTube Awards">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNN/YouTube_presidential_debates" title="CNN/YouTube presidential debates">CNN/YouTube presidential debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Comedy_Week" title="YouTube Comedy Week">Comedy Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Live" title="YouTube Live">Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Music_Awards" title="YouTube Music Awards">Music Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Space_Lab" title="YouTube Space Lab">Space Lab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Symphony_Orchestra" title="YouTube Symphony Orchestra">Symphony Orchestra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Projects and initiatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Side_project_time" title="Side project time">20% project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Area_120" title="Area 120">Area 120</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reply_(Google)" title="Reply (Google)">Reply</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tables_(Google)" title="Tables (Google)">Tables</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_ATAP" title="Google ATAP">ATAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Business_Groups" title="Google Business Groups">Business Groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM/Google_Cloud_Computing_University_Initiative" title="IBM/Google Cloud Computing University Initiative">Computing University Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Data_Liberation_Front" title="Google Data Liberation Front">Data Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_Transfer_Project" title="Data Transfer Project">Data Transfer Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Developer_Expert" title="Google Developer Expert">Developer Expert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Digital_Garage" title="Google Digital Garage">Digital Garage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_News_Initiative" title="Digital News Initiative">Digital News Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Unlocked" title="Digital Unlocked">Digital Unlocked</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragonfly_(search_engine)" title="Dragonfly (search engine)">Dragonfly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Founders%27_Award" title="Google Founders' Award">Founders' Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Free_Zone" title="Google Free Zone">Free Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Get_Your_Business_Online" title="Google Get Your Business Online">Get Your Business Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_for_Education" title="Google for Education">Google for Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_for_Startups" title="Google for Startups">Google for Startups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Labs" title="Google Labs">Labs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_Galaxy" title="Liquid Galaxy">Liquid Galaxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Made_with_Code" title="Made with Code">Made with Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_M%C4%81ori" title="Google Māori">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_News_Lab" title="Google News Lab">News Lab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Nightingale" title="Project Nightingale">Nightingale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectives_and_key_results" title="Objectives and key results">Objectives and key results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_PowerMeter" title="Google PowerMeter">PowerMeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privacy_Sandbox" title="Privacy Sandbox">Privacy Sandbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_Artificial_Intelligence_Lab" title="Quantum Artificial Intelligence Lab">Quantum Artificial Intelligence Lab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RechargeIT" title="RechargeIT">RechargeIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Shield" title="Project Shield">Shield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Silicon_Initiative" title="Google Silicon Initiative">Silicon Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solve_for_X" title="Solve for X">Solve for X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Starline" title="Project Starline">Starline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Student_Ambassador_Program" title="Google Student Ambassador Program">Student Ambassador Program</a></li> <li>Submarine communications cables <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dunant_(submarine_communications_cable)" title="Dunant (submarine communications cable)">Dunant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Hopper_(submarine_communications_cable)" title="Grace Hopper (submarine communications cable)">Grace Hopper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Sunroof" title="Project Sunroof">Sunroof</a></li> <li>YouTube <ul><li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Creator_Awards" title="YouTube Creator Awards">Creator Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Next_Lab_and_Audience_Development_Group" title="YouTube Next Lab and Audience Development Group">Next Lab and Audience Development Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Original_Channel_Initiative" title="YouTube Original Channel Initiative">Original Channel Initiative</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Zero" title="Project Zero">Zero</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Google" title="Criticism of Google">Criticism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Google_data_breach" title="2018 Google data breach">2018 data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Google_walkouts" title="2018 Google walkouts">2018 walkouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_Workers_Union" title="Alphabet Workers Union">Alphabet Workers Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_by_Google" title="Censorship by Google">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeGoogle" title="DeGoogle">DeGoogle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragonfly_(search_engine)" title="Dragonfly (search engine)">Dragonfly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FairSearch" title="FairSearch">FairSearch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google%27s_Ideological_Echo_Chamber" title="Google's Ideological Echo Chamber">"Ideological Echo Chamber" memo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_litigation" title="Google litigation">Litigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privacy_concerns_with_Google" title="Privacy concerns with Google">Privacy concerns</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Street_View_privacy_concerns" title="Google Street View privacy concerns">Street View</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_tech_bus_protests" title="San Francisco tech bus protests">San Francisco tech bus protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_services_outages" title="Google services outages">Services outages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smartphone_patent_wars" title="Smartphone patent wars">Smartphone patent wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_worker_organization" title="Google worker organization">Worker organization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Google#YouTube" title="Criticism of Google">YouTube</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Korean_YouTube_backdoor_advertising_controversy" title="2020 Korean YouTube backdoor advertising controversy">Back advertisement controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_by_Google#YouTube" title="Censorship by Google">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_copyright_issues" title="YouTube copyright issues">Copyright issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_copyright_strike" title="YouTube copyright strike">Copyright strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsagate" title="Elsagate">Elsagate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Adventures_scandal" title="Fantastic Adventures scandal">Fantastic Adventures scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_headquarters_shooting" title="YouTube headquarters shooting">Headquarters shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Kohistan_video_case" title="2012 Kohistan video case">Kohistan video case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_Innocence_of_Muslims" title="Reactions to Innocence of Muslims">Reactions to Innocence of Muslims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Slovenian_YouTube_incident" title="2011 Slovenian YouTube incident">Slovenian government incident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Development" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Google_Developers" title="Google Developers">Development</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operating systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Android_Automotive" title="Android Automotive">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_OS" title="Glass OS">Glass OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_Go" title="Android Go">Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GLinux" title="GLinux">gLinux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goobuntu" title="Goobuntu">Goobuntu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_Things" title="Android Things">Things</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_TV" title="Android TV">TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wear_OS" title="Wear OS">Wear OS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ChromeOS" title="ChromeOS">ChromeOS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ChromiumOS" title="ChromiumOS">ChromiumOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neverware" title="Neverware">Neverware</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuchsia_(operating_system)" title="Fuchsia (operating system)">Fuchsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_TV_(operating_system)" title="Google TV (operating system)">TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Libraries/ frameworks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ALTS" title="ALTS">ALTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accelerated_Mobile_Pages" title="Accelerated Mobile Pages">AMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angular_(web_framework)" title="Angular (web framework)">Angular</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AngularJS" title="AngularJS">JS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARCore" title="ARCore">ARCore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_APIs" title="Google APIs">APIs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockly" title="Blockly">Blockly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Chart_API" title="Google Chart API">Chart API</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Charts" title="Google Charts">Charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialogflow" title="Dialogflow">Dialogflow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exposure_Notification" title="Exposure Notification">Exposure Notification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_Pair" title="Fast Pair">Fast Pair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federated_Learning_of_Cohorts" title="Federated Learning of Cohorts">Federated Learning of Cohorts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_File_System" title="Google File System">File System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FlatBuffers" title="FlatBuffers">FlatBuffers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flutter_(software)" title="Flutter (software)">Flutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gears_(software)" title="Gears (software)">Gears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRPC" title="GRPC">gRPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gson" title="Gson">Gson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Guava" title="Google Guava">Guava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Guice" title="Google Guice">Guice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guetzli" title="Guetzli">Guetzli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_JAX" title="Google JAX">JAX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GVisor" title="GVisor">gVisor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MapReduce" title="MapReduce">MapReduce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matter_(standard)" title="Matter (standard)">Matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Mobile_Services" title="Google Mobile Services">Mobile Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Neural_Machine_Translation" title="Google Neural Machine Translation">Neural Machine Translation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenSocial" title="OpenSocial">OpenSocial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Pack" title="Google Pack">Pack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polymer_(library)" title="Polymer (library)">Polymer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protocol_Buffers" title="Protocol Buffers">Protocol Buffers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reqwireless" title="Reqwireless">Reqwireless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Shell" title="Google Shell">Shell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skia_Graphics_Engine" title="Skia Graphics Engine">Skia Graphics Engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tango_(platform)" title="Tango (platform)">Tango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TensorFlow" title="TensorFlow">TensorFlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Test" title="Google Test">Test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WaveNet" title="WaveNet">WaveNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weave_(protocol)" title="Weave (protocol)">Weave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Web_Accelerator" title="Google Web Accelerator">Web Accelerator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebRTC" title="WebRTC">WebRTC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Platforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_App_Engine" title="Google App Engine">App Engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AppJet" title="AppJet">AppJet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Apps_Script" title="Google Apps Script">Apps Script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Cloud_Platform" title="Google Cloud Platform">Cloud Platform</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anvato" title="Anvato">Anvato</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firebase" title="Firebase">Firebase</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firebase_Cloud_Messaging" title="Firebase Cloud Messaging">Cloud Messaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crashlytics" title="Crashlytics">Crashlytics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_IP_Solutions" title="Global IP Solutions">Global IP Solutions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Low_Bitrate_Codec" title="Internet Low Bitrate Codec">Internet Low Bitrate Codec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Speech_Audio_Codec" title="Internet Speech Audio Codec">Internet Speech Audio Codec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gridcentric,_Inc." title="Gridcentric, Inc.">Gridcentric, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITA_Software" title="ITA Software">ITA Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubernetes" title="Kubernetes">Kubernetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LevelDB" title="LevelDB">LevelDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neatx" title="Neatx">Neatx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_IDX" title="Project IDX">Project IDX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SageTV" title="SageTV">SageTV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apigee" title="Apigee">Apigee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bigtable" title="Bigtable">Bigtable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitium" title="Bitium">Bitium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronicle_Security" title="Chronicle Security">Chronicle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VirusTotal" title="VirusTotal">VirusTotal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Compute_Engine" title="Google Compute Engine">Compute Engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Cloud_Connect" title="Google Cloud Connect">Connect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Cloud_Dataflow" title="Google Cloud Dataflow">Dataflow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Cloud_Datastore" title="Google Cloud Datastore">Datastore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaggle" title="Kaggle">Kaggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Looker_(company)" title="Looker (company)">Looker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandiant" title="Mandiant">Mandiant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Cloud_Messaging" title="Google Cloud Messaging">Messaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbitera" title="Orbitera">Orbitera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Cloud_Shell" title="Google Cloud Shell">Shell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stackdriver" title="Stackdriver">Stackdriver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Cloud_Storage" title="Google Cloud Storage">Storage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Fuzzy_Lop_(software)" title="American Fuzzy Lop (software)">American Fuzzy Lop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_Cloud_to_Device_Messaging" title="Android Cloud to Device Messaging">Android Cloud to Device Messaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_Debug_Bridge" title="Android Debug Bridge">Android Debug Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_Studio" title="Android Studio">Android Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_App_Maker" title="Google App Maker">App Maker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_App_Runtime_for_Chrome" title="Google App Runtime for Chrome">App Runtime for Chrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AppSheet" title="AppSheet">AppSheet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazel_(software)" title="Bazel (software)">Bazel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome_Frame" title="Google Chrome Frame">Chrome Frame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Closure_Tools" title="Google Closure Tools">Closure Tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cpplint" title="Cpplint">Cpplint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Data_Protocol" title="Google Data Protocol">Data Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Gadgets" title="Google Gadgets">Gadgets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrit_(software)" title="Gerrit (software)">Gerrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GYP_(software)" title="GYP (software)">GYP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Kythe" title="Google Kythe">Kythe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Lighthouse" title="Google Lighthouse">Lighthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIT_App_Inventor" title="MIT App Inventor">MIT App Inventor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Mashup_Editor" title="Google Mashup Editor">Mashup Editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Native_Client" title="Google Native Client">Native Client</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Optimize" title="Google Optimize">Optimize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenRefine" title="OpenRefine">OpenRefine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OR-Tools" title="OR-Tools">OR-Tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_PageSpeed_Tools" title="Google PageSpeed Tools">PageSpeed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Plugin_for_Eclipse" title="Google Plugin for Eclipse">Plugin for Eclipse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Programmable_Search_Engine" title="Google Programmable Search Engine">Programmable Search Engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Public_DNS" title="Google Public DNS">Public DNS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ReCAPTCHA" title="ReCAPTCHA">reCAPTCHA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schema.org" title="Schema.org">Schema.org</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Search_Console" title="Google Search Console">Search Console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitemaps" title="Sitemaps">Sitemaps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Swiffy" title="Google Swiffy">Swiffy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesseract_(software)" title="Tesseract (software)">Tesseract (software)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trendalyzer" title="Trendalyzer">Trendalyzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VisBug" title="VisBug">VisBug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Wave_Federation_Protocol" title="Google Wave Federation Protocol">Wave Federation Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Web_Toolkit" title="Google Web Toolkit">Web Toolkit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Search algorithms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Hummingbird" title="Google Hummingbird">Hummingbird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PageRank" title="PageRank">PageRank</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_matrix" title="Google matrix">Matrix</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Panda" title="Google Panda">Panda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Penguin" title="Google Penguin">Penguin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Pigeon" title="Google Pigeon">Pigeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RankBrain" title="RankBrain">RankBrain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BERT_(language_model)" title="BERT (language model)">BERT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BigQuery" title="BigQuery">BigQuery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome_Experiments" title="Google Chrome Experiments">Chrome Experiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flutter_(American_company)" title="Flutter (American company)">Flutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemini_(language_model)" title="Gemini (language model)">Gemini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Googlebot" title="Googlebot">Googlebot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keyhole_Markup_Language" title="Keyhole Markup Language">Keyhole Markup Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaMDA" title="LaMDA">LaMDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Location_Code" title="Open Location Code">Open Location Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PaLM" title="PaLM">PaLM</a></li> <li>Programming languages <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caja_project" title="Caja project">Caja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_(programming_language)" title="Carbon (programming language)">Carbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dart_(programming_language)" title="Dart (programming language)">Dart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go_(programming_language)" title="Go (programming language)">Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawzall_(programming_language)" title="Sawzall (programming language)">Sawzall</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transformer_(deep_learning_architecture)" title="Transformer (deep learning architecture)">Transformer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viewdle" title="Viewdle">Viewdle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webdriver_Torso" title="Webdriver Torso">Webdriver Torso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Web_Server" title="Google Web Server">Web Server</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">File formats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Android_App_Bundle" title="Android App Bundle">AAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apk_(file_format)" title="Apk (file format)">APK</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AV1" title="AV1">AV1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On2_Technologies" title="On2 Technologies">On2 Technologies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VP3" title="VP3">VP3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VP6" title="VP6">VP6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VP8" title="VP8">VP8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libvpx" title="Libvpx">libvpx</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VP9" title="VP9">VP9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebM" title="WebM">WebM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebP" title="WebP">WebP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Open_Font_Format" title="Web Open Font Format">WOFF2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Products" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Google_products" title="List of Google products">Products</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Entertainment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Currents_(news_app)" title="Google Currents (news app)">Currents (news app)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Throttle_Games" title="Green Throttle Games">Green Throttle Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owlchemy_Labs" title="Owlchemy Labs">Owlchemy Labs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster_(company)" title="Oyster (company)">Oyster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PaperofRecord.com" title="PaperofRecord.com">PaperofRecord.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Podcasts" title="Google Podcasts">Podcasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quick,_Draw!" title="Quick, Draw!">Quick, Draw!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Santa_Tracker" title="Google Santa Tracker">Santa Tracker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songza" title="Songza">Songza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Stadia" title="Google Stadia">Stadia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Stadia_games" title="List of Stadia games">games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Studios" title="Typhoon Studios">Typhoon Studios</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_TV_(service)" title="Google TV (service)">TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vevo" title="Vevo">Vevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Video" title="Google Video">Video</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Google_Play" title="Google Play">Play</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Play_Books" title="Google Play Books">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Play_Games" title="Google Play Games">Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-downloaded_Google_Play_applications" title="List of most-downloaded Google Play applications">most downloaded apps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Play_Music" title="Google Play Music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Play_Newsstand" title="Google Play Newsstand">Newsstand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Play_Pass" title="Google Play Pass">Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Play_Services" title="Google Play Services">Services</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BandPage" title="BandPage">BandPage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_BrandConnect" title="YouTube BrandConnect">BrandConnect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Content_ID" title="Content ID">Content ID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Instant" title="YouTube Instant">Instant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Kids" title="YouTube Kids">Kids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Music" title="YouTube Music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_(YouTube_channel)" title="YouTube (YouTube channel)">Official channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Premium" title="YouTube Premium">Premium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_YouTube_Premium_original_programming" title="List of YouTube Premium original programming">original programming</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Rewind" title="YouTube Rewind">YouTube Rewind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RightsFlow" title="RightsFlow">RightsFlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Select" title="YouTube Select">Select</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Shorts" title="YouTube Shorts">Shorts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Studio" title="YouTube Studio">Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_TV" title="YouTube TV">TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communication</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Allo" title="Google Allo">Allo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bump_(application)" title="Bump (application)">Bump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Buzz" title="Google Buzz">Buzz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Chat" title="Google Chat">Chat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Contacts" title="Google Contacts">Contacts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Currents_(social_app)" title="Google Currents (social app)">Currents (social app)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodgeball_(service)" title="Dodgeball (service)">Dodgeball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Duo" title="Google Duo">Duo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Fi_Wireless" title="Google Fi Wireless">Fi Wireless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Friend_Connect" title="Google Friend Connect">Friend Connect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gizmo5" title="Gizmo5">Gizmo5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google%2B" title="Google+">Google+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gmail" title="Gmail">Gmail</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Gmail" title="History of Gmail">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inbox_by_Gmail" title="Inbox by Gmail">Inbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gmail_interface" title="Gmail interface">Interface</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Groups" title="Google Groups">Groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Hangouts" title="Google Hangouts">Hangouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Helpouts" title="Google Helpouts">Helpouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_IME" title="Google IME">IME</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Japanese_Input" title="Google Japanese Input">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Pinyin" title="Google Pinyin">Pinyin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaiku" title="Jaiku">Jaiku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marratech" title="Marratech">Marratech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meebo" title="Meebo">Meebo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Meet" title="Google Meet">Meet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Messages" title="Google Messages">Messages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Moderator" title="Google Moderator">Moderator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neotonic_Software" title="Neotonic Software">Neotonic Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orkut" title="Orkut">Orkut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postini" title="Postini">Postini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quest_Visual" title="Quest Visual">Quest Visual</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Word_Lens" title="Word Lens">Word Lens</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Schemer" title="Google Schemer">Schemer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Spaces" title="Google Spaces">Spaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparrow_(email_client)" title="Sparrow (email client)">Sparrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Talk" title="Google Talk">Talk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Translate" title="Google Translate">Translate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Translator_Toolkit" title="Google Translator Toolkit">Translator Toolkit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Voice" title="Google Voice">Voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOOG-411" title="GOOG-411">Voice Local Search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Wave" title="Google Wave">Wave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Google_Search" title="Google Search">Search</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aardvark_(search_engine)" title="Aardvark (search engine)">Aardvark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Alerts" title="Google Alerts">Alerts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Answers" title="Google Answers">Answers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Base" title="Google Base">Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BeatThatQuote.com" title="BeatThatQuote.com">BeatThatQuote.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Blog_Search" title="Google Blog Search">Blog Search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Books</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Books_Ngram_Viewer" title="Google Books Ngram Viewer">Ngram Viewer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Code_Search" title="Google Code Search">Code Search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_Commons" title="Data Commons">Data Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Dataset_Search" title="Google Dataset Search">Dataset Search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Dictionary" title="Google Dictionary">Dictionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Directory" title="Google Directory">Directory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Fast_Flip" title="Google Fast Flip">Fast Flip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Flu_Trends" title="Google Flu Trends">Flu Trends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Finance" title="Google Finance">Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Goggles" title="Google Goggles">Goggles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google.by" title="Google.by">Google.by</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Images" title="Google Images">Images</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Image_Labeler" title="Google Image Labeler">Image Labeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Image_Swirl" title="Google Image Swirl">Image Swirl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaltix" title="Kaltix">Kaltix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Knowledge_Graph" title="Google Knowledge Graph">Knowledge Graph</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freebase_(database)" title="Freebase (database)">Freebase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaweb" title="Metaweb">Metaweb</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Like.com" title="Like.com">Like.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_News" title="Google News">News</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_News_Archive" title="Google News Archive">Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_News_%26_Weather" title="Google News & Weather">Weather</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Patents" title="Google Patents">Patents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Cards" title="People Cards">People Cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Personalized_Search" title="Google Personalized Search">Personalized Search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Public_Data_Explorer" title="Google Public Data Explorer">Public Data Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Questions_and_Answers" class="mw-redirect" title="Google Questions and Answers">Questions and Answers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SafeSearch" title="SafeSearch">SafeSearch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar">Scholar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_SearchWiki" title="Google SearchWiki">Searchwiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Shopping" title="Google Shopping">Shopping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Catalogs" title="Google Catalogs">Catalogs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Express" title="Google Express">Express</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Squared" title="Google Squared">Squared</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenor_(website)" title="Tenor (website)">Tenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Travel" title="Google Travel">Travel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Flights" title="Google Flights">Flights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Trends" title="Google Trends">Trends</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Insights_for_Search" title="Google Insights for Search">Insights for Search</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Voice_Search" title="Google Voice Search">Voice Search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WDYL_(search_engine)" title="WDYL (search engine)">WDYL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Navigation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Earth" title="Google Earth">Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endoxon" title="Endoxon">Endoxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ImageAmerica" title="ImageAmerica">ImageAmerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Maps" title="Google Maps">Maps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Latitude" title="Google Latitude">Latitude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Map_Maker" title="Google Map Maker">Map Maker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Maps_Navigation" title="Google Maps Navigation">Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Maps_pin" title="Google Maps pin">Pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Street_View" title="Google Street View">Street View</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Street_View_coverage" title="Google Street View coverage">Coverage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_View_Trusted" title="Street View Trusted">Trusted</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waze" title="Waze">Waze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Where_Is_My_Train" title="Where Is My Train">Where Is My Train</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Business and finance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Ad_Manager" title="Google Ad Manager">Ad Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AdMob" title="AdMob">AdMob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Ads" title="Google Ads">Ads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adscape" title="Adscape">Adscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_AdSense" title="Google AdSense">AdSense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Attribution" title="Google Attribution">Attribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BebaPay" title="BebaPay">BebaPay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Checkout" title="Google Checkout">Checkout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Contributor" title="Google Contributor">Contributor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DoubleClick" title="DoubleClick">DoubleClick</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Affiliate_Network" title="Google Affiliate Network">Affiliate Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invite_Media" title="Invite Media">Invite Media</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Analytics" title="Google Analytics">Marketing Platform</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Analytics" title="Google Analytics">Analytics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Looker_Studio" title="Looker Studio">Looker Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urchin_(software)" title="Urchin (software)">Urchin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Pay_(mobile_app)" title="Google Pay (mobile app)">Pay (mobile app)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Wallet" title="Google Wallet">Wallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Pay_(payment_method)" title="Google Pay (payment method)">Pay (payment method)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Pay_Send" title="Google Pay Send">Send</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tez_(software)" title="Tez (software)">Tez</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PostRank" title="PostRank">PostRank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Primer" title="Google Primer">Primer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softcard" title="Softcard">Softcard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildfire_Interactive" title="Wildfire Interactive">Wildfire Interactive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Widevine" title="Widevine">Widevine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organization and productivity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Bookmarks" title="Google Bookmarks">Bookmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Browser_Sync" title="Google Browser Sync">Browser Sync</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Calendar" title="Google Calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Cloud_Search" title="Google Cloud Search">Cloud Search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Desktop" title="Google Desktop">Desktop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Drive" title="Google Drive">Drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etherpad" title="Etherpad">Etherpad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fflick" title="Fflick">fflick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Files_(Google)" title="Files (Google)">Files</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IGoogle" title="IGoogle">iGoogle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamboard" title="Jamboard">Jamboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Notebook" title="Google Notebook">Notebook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NotebookLM" title="NotebookLM">NotebookLM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_One" title="Google One">One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Photos" title="Google Photos">Photos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quickoffice" title="Quickoffice">Quickoffice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Quick_Search_Box" title="Google Quick Search Box">Quick Search Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Surveys" title="Google Surveys">Surveys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Sync" title="Google Sync">Sync</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Tasks" title="Google Tasks">Tasks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Toolbar" title="Google Toolbar">Toolbar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Google_Docs_Editors" title="Google Docs Editors">Docs Editors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Docs" title="Google Docs">Docs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Drawings" title="Google Drawings">Drawings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Forms" title="Google Forms">Forms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Fusion_Tables" title="Google Fusion Tables">Fusion Tables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Keep" title="Google Keep">Keep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Sheets" title="Google Sheets">Sheets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Slides" title="Google Slides">Slides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Sites" title="Google Sites">Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Vids" title="Google Vids">Vids</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publishing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apture" title="Apture">Apture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blogger_(service)" title="Blogger (service)">Blogger</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pyra_Labs" title="Pyra Labs">Pyra Labs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Domains" title="Google Domains">Domains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FeedBurner" title="FeedBurner">FeedBurner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_One_Pass" title="Google One Pass">One Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Page_Creator" title="Google Page Creator">Page Creator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Sites" title="Google Sites">Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Web_Designer" title="Google Web Designer">Web Designer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Classroom" title="Google Classroom">Classroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grasshopper_(mobile_app)" title="Grasshopper (mobile app)">Grasshopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socratic_(Google)" title="Socratic (Google)">Socratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photomath" title="Photomath">Photomath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Read_Along" title="Read Along">Read Along</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toontastic_3D" title="Toontastic 3D">Toontastic 3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Workspace" title="Google Workspace">Workspace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Workspace_Marketplace" title="Google Workspace Marketplace">Marketplace</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Account" title="Google Account">Account</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Dashboard" title="Google Dashboard">Dashboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Takeout" title="Google Takeout">Takeout</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_Auto" title="Android Auto">Android Auto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_Beam" title="Android Beam">Android Beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Arts_%26_Culture" title="Google Arts & Culture">Arts & Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Assistant" title="Google Assistant">Assistant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Authenticator" title="Google Authenticator">Authenticator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZygoteBody" title="ZygoteBody">Body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BufferBox" title="BufferBox">BufferBox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Building_Maker" title="Google Building Maker">Building Maker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BumpTop" title="BumpTop">BumpTop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Cast" title="Google Cast">Cast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Cloud_Print" title="Google Cloud Print">Cloud Print</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowdsource_(app)" title="Crowdsource (app)">Crowdsource</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Wellbeing" title="Digital Wellbeing">Digital Wellbeing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Expeditions" title="Google Expeditions">Expeditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Family_Link" title="Google Family Link">Family Link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Find_My_Device" title="Find My Device">Find My Device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Fit" title="Google Fit">Fit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Fonts" title="Google Fonts">Google Fonts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gboard" title="Gboard">Gboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemini_(chatbot)" title="Gemini (chatbot)">Gemini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Gesture_Search" title="Google Gesture Search">Gesture Search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impermium" title="Impermium">Impermium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knol" title="Knol">Knol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Lively" title="Google Lively">Lively</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_Transcribe" title="Live Transcribe">Live Transcribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MyTracks" title="MyTracks">MyTracks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nearby_Share" title="Nearby Share">Nearby Share</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Now" title="Google Now">Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Offers" title="Google Offers">Offers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Opinion_Rewards" title="Google Opinion Rewards">Opinion Rewards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Person_Finder" title="Google Person Finder">Person Finder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poly_(website)" title="Poly (website)">Poly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Question_Hub" title="Google Question Hub">Question Hub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quick_Share" title="Quick Share">Quick Share</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Reader" title="Google Reader">Reader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Safe_Browsing" title="Google Safe Browsing">Safe Browsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Sidewiki" title="Google Sidewiki">Sidewiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SlickLogin" title="SlickLogin">SlickLogin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_Amplifier" title="Sound Amplifier">Sound Amplifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speech_Recognition_%26_Synthesis" title="Speech Recognition & Synthesis">Speech Recognition & Synthesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Station" title="Google Station">Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Store" title="Google Store">Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TalkBack" title="TalkBack">TalkBack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilt_Brush" title="Tilt Brush">Tilt Brush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_URL_Shortener" title="Google URL Shortener">URL Shortener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_Access" title="Voice Access">Voice Access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wavii" title="Wavii">Wavii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Web_Light" title="Google Web Light">Web Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_WiFi" title="Google WiFi">WiFi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chrome</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome_App" title="Google Chrome App">Apps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromium_(web_browser)" title="Chromium (web browser)">Chromium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinosaur_Game" title="Dinosaur Game">Dinosaur Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GreenBorder" title="GreenBorder">GreenBorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrome_Remote_Desktop" title="Chrome Remote Desktop">Remote Desktop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrome_Web_Store" title="Chrome Web Store">Web Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V8_(JavaScript_engine)" title="V8 (JavaScript engine)">V8</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Images and photography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_Camera" title="Pixel Camera">Camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Lens" title="Google Lens">Lens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snapseed" title="Snapseed">Snapseed</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nik_Software" title="Nik Software">Nik Software</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panoramio" title="Panoramio">Panoramio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Photos" title="Google Photos">Photos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picasa" title="Picasa">Picasa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Picasa_Web_Albums" title="Picasa Web Albums">Web Albums</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picnik" title="Picnik">Picnik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Hardware" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Hardware</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Smartphones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Android_Dev_Phone" title="Android Dev Phone">Android Dev Phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_One" title="Android One">Android One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Nexus" title="Google Nexus">Nexus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_One" title="Nexus One">Nexus One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_S" title="Nexus S">S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaxy_Nexus" title="Galaxy Nexus">Galaxy Nexus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_4" title="Nexus 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_5" title="Nexus 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_6" title="Nexus 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_5X" title="Nexus 5X">5X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_6P" title="Nexus 6P">6P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Google_Nexus_smartphones" title="Comparison of Google Nexus smartphones">Comparison</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Pixel" title="Google Pixel">Pixel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_(1st_generation)" title="Pixel (1st generation)">Pixel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_2" title="Pixel 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_3" title="Pixel 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_3a" title="Pixel 3a">3a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_4" title="Pixel 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_4a" title="Pixel 4a">4a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_5" title="Pixel 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_5a" title="Pixel 5a">5a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_6" title="Pixel 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_6a" title="Pixel 6a">6a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_7" title="Pixel 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_7a" title="Pixel 7a">7a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_Fold" title="Pixel Fold">Fold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_8" title="Pixel 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_8a" title="Pixel 8a">8a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_9" title="Pixel 9">Pixel 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_9_Pro_Fold" title="Pixel 9 Pro Fold">Pixel 9 Pro Fold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Google_Pixel_smartphones" title="Comparison of Google Pixel smartphones">Comparison</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Google_Play_edition_devices" title="List of Google Play edition devices">Play Edition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Ara" title="Project Ara">Project Ara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Laptops and tablets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chromebook" title="Chromebook">Chromebook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Nexus" title="Google Nexus">Nexus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_7_(2012)" title="Nexus 7 (2012)">7 (2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_7_(2013)" title="Nexus 7 (2013)">7 (2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_10" title="Nexus 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_9" title="Nexus 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Google_Nexus_tablets" title="Comparison of Google Nexus tablets">Comparison</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Pixel" title="Google Pixel">Pixel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chromebook_Pixel" title="Chromebook Pixel">Chromebook Pixel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixelbook" title="Pixelbook">Pixelbook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixelbook_Go" title="Pixelbook Go">Pixelbook Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_C" title="Pixel C">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_Slate" title="Pixel Slate">Slate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_Tablet" title="Pixel Tablet">Tablet</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wearables</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fitbit" title="Fitbit">Fitbit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Fitbit_products" title="List of Fitbit products">List of products</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_Buds" title="Pixel Buds">Pixel Buds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_Watch" title="Pixel Watch">Pixel Watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_Watch_2" title="Pixel Watch 2">Pixel Watch 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_Watch_3" title="Pixel Watch 3">Pixel Watch 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Iris" title="Project Iris">Project Iris</a> (unreleased)</li> <li>Virtual reality <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Cardboard" title="Google Cardboard">Cardboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Contact_Lens" title="Google Contact Lens">Contact Lens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Daydream" title="Google Daydream">Daydream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Glass" title="Google Glass">Glass</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chromebit" title="Chromebit">Chromebit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromebox" title="Chromebox">Chromebox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Clips" title="Google Clips">Clips</a></li> <li>Digital media players <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chromecast" title="Chromecast">Chromecast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_Player" title="Nexus Player">Nexus Player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_Q" title="Nexus Q">Nexus Q</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dropcam" title="Dropcam">Dropcam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_Galaxy" title="Liquid Galaxy">Liquid Galaxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Nest" title="Google Nest">Nest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Nest_(smart_speakers)" title="Google Nest (smart speakers)">Smart Speakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nest_Thermostat" title="Nest Thermostat">Thermostat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nest_Wifi" title="Nest Wifi">Wifi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_OnHub" title="Google OnHub">OnHub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_Visual_Core" title="Pixel Visual Core">Pixel Visual Core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Search_Appliance" title="Google Search Appliance">Search Appliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sycamore_processor" title="Sycamore processor">Sycamore processor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Tensor" title="Google Tensor">Tensor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tensor_Processing_Unit" title="Tensor Processing Unit">Tensor Processing Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_Security_Key" title="Titan Security Key">Titan Security Key</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Google_litigation" title="Template:Google litigation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Google_litigation" title="Template talk:Google litigation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Google_litigation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Google litigation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Litigation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Google_litigation" title="Google litigation">Litigation</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Advertising</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feldman_v._Google,_Inc." title="Feldman v. Google, Inc.">Feldman v. Google, Inc.</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rescuecom_Corp._v._Google_Inc." title="Rescuecom Corp. v. Google Inc.">Rescuecom Corp. v. Google Inc.</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goddard_v._Google,_Inc." title="Goddard v. Google, Inc.">Goddard v. Google, Inc.</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosetta_Stone_Ltd._v._Google,_Inc." title="Rosetta Stone Ltd. v. Google, Inc.">Rosetta Stone Ltd. v. Google, Inc.</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google,_Inc._v._American_Blind_%26_Wallpaper_Factory,_Inc." title="Google, Inc. v. American Blind & Wallpaper Factory, Inc.">Google, Inc. v. American Blind & Wallpaper Factory, Inc.</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jedi_Blue" title="Jedi Blue">Jedi Blue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antitrust</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antitrust_cases_against_Google_by_the_European_Union" title="Antitrust cases against Google by the European Union">European Union</a> (2010–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-Tech_Employee_Antitrust_Litigation" title="High-Tech Employee Antitrust Litigation">United States v. Adobe Systems, Inc., Apple Inc., Google Inc., Intel Corporation, Intuit, Inc., and Pixar</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umar_Javeed,_Sukarma_Thapar,_Aaqib_Javeed_vs._Google_LLC_and_Ors." title="Umar Javeed, Sukarma Thapar, Aaqib Javeed vs. Google LLC and Ors.">Umar Javeed, Sukarma Thapar, Aaqib Javeed vs. Google LLC and Ors.</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2020)" title="United States v. Google LLC (2020)">United States v. Google LLC</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2023)" title="United States v. Google LLC (2023)">United States v. Google LLC</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intellectual property</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perfect_10,_Inc._v._Amazon.com,_Inc." title="Perfect 10, Inc. v. Amazon.com, Inc.">Perfect 10, Inc. v. Amazon.com, Inc.</a> and A9.com Inc. and Google Inc. (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viacom_International_Inc._v._YouTube,_Inc." title="Viacom International Inc. v. YouTube, Inc.">Viacom International Inc. v. YouTube, Inc.</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenz_v._Universal_Music_Corp." title="Lenz v. Universal Music Corp.">Lenz v. Universal Music Corp.</a>(2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authors_Guild,_Inc._v._Google,_Inc." title="Authors Guild, Inc. v. Google, Inc.">Authors Guild, Inc. v. Google, Inc.</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_v._Google,_Inc." title="Field v. Google, Inc.">Field v. Google, Inc.</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_LLC_v._Oracle_America,_Inc." title="Google LLC v. Oracle America, Inc.">Google LLC v. Oracle America, Inc.</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smartphone_patent_wars" title="Smartphone patent wars">Smartphone patent wars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Privacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_Bank_v._Google,_Inc." title="Rocky Mountain Bank v. Google, Inc.">Rocky Mountain Bank v. Google, Inc.</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibnick_v._Google,_Inc." title="Hibnick v. Google, Inc.">Hibnick v. Google, Inc.</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Google_Inc." title="United States v. Google Inc.">United States v. Google Inc.</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judgement_of_the_German_Federal_Court_of_Justice_on_Google%27s_autocomplete_function" title="Judgement of the German Federal Court of Justice on Google's autocomplete function">Judgement of the German Federal Court of Justice on Google's autocomplete function</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joffe_v._Google,_Inc." title="Joffe v. Google, Inc.">Joffe v. Google, Inc.</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosley_v_SARL_Google" title="Mosley v SARL Google">Mosley v SARL Google</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Spain_v_AEPD_and_Mario_Costeja_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Google Spain v AEPD and Mario Costeja González">Google Spain v AEPD and Mario Costeja González</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_v._Gaos" title="Frank v. Gaos">Frank v. Gaos</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garcia_v._Google,_Inc." title="Garcia v. Google, Inc.">Garcia v. Google, Inc.</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_LLC_v_Defteros" title="Google LLC v Defteros">Google LLC v Defteros</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_Games_v._Google" title="Epic Games v. Google">Epic Games v. Google</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonzalez_v._Google_LLC" title="Gonzalez v. Google LLC">Gonzalez v. Google LLC</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Google_litigation" title="Category:Google litigation">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Related" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terms and phrases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_be_evil" title="Don't be evil">Don't be evil</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gayglers" title="Gayglers">Gayglers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_(verb)" title="Google (verb)">Google (verb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_bombing" title="Google bombing">Google bombing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_Google_bombs_in_the_2004_U.S._presidential_election" title="Political Google bombs in the 2004 U.S. presidential election">2004 U.S. presidential election</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_effect" title="Google effect">Google effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Googlefight" title="Googlefight">Googlefight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_hacking" title="Google hacking">Google hacking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Googleshare" title="Googleshare">Googleshare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_tax" title="Google tax">Google tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Googlewhack" title="Googlewhack">Googlewhack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Googlization" title="Googlization">Googlization</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Illegal_flower_tribute" title="Illegal flower tribute">Illegal flower tribute</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rooting_(Android)" title="Rooting (Android)">Rooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Search_engine_manipulation_effect" title="Search engine manipulation effect">Search engine manipulation effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitelink" title="Sitelink">Sitelink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Site_reliability_engineering" title="Site reliability engineering">Site reliability engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_poop" title="YouTube poop">YouTube poop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Documentary_films_about_Google" title="Category:Documentary films about Google">Documentaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AlphaGo_(film)" title="AlphaGo (film)">AlphaGo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Behind_the_Screen" title="Google Behind the Screen">Google: Behind the Screen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Maps_Road_Trip" title="Google Maps Road Trip">Google Maps Road Trip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_and_the_World_Brain" title="Google and the World Brain">Google and the World Brain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Creepy_Line" title="The Creepy Line">The Creepy Line</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_about_Google" title="Category:Books about Google">Books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Hacks" title="Google Hacks">Google Hacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Google_Story" title="The Google Story">The Google Story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Volume_One" title="Google Volume One">Google Volume One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Googled:_The_End_of_the_World_as_We_Know_It" title="Googled: The End of the World as We Know It">Googled: The End of the World as We Know It</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/How_Google_Works" title="How Google Works">How Google Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%27m_Feeling_Lucky_(book)" title="I'm Feeling Lucky (book)">I'm Feeling Lucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_the_Plex" title="In the Plex">In the Plex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Google_Book" title="The Google Book">The Google Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_MANIAC" title="The MANIAC">The MANIAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Popular culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Feud" title="Google Feud">Google Feud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Me_(film)" title="Google Me (film)">Google Me (film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Me_(Kim_Zolciak_song)" title="Google Me (Kim Zolciak song)">"Google Me" (Kim Zolciak song)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Me_(Teyana_Taylor_song)" title="Google Me (Teyana Taylor song)">"Google Me" (Teyana Taylor song)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Is_Google_Making_Us_Stupid%3F" title="Is Google Making Us Stupid?">Is Google Making Us Stupid?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proceratium_google" title="Proceratium google">Proceratium google</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Nathanson:_Live_at_Google" title="Matt Nathanson: Live at Google">Matt Nathanson: Live at Google</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Billion_Dollar_Code" title="The Billion Dollar Code">The Billion Dollar Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Internship" title="The Internship">The Internship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Where_on_Google_Earth_is_Carmen_Sandiego%3F" title="Where on Google Earth is Carmen Sandiego?">Where on Google Earth is Carmen Sandiego?</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Attention_Is_All_You_Need" title="Attention Is All You Need">Attention Is All You Need</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ElgooG" title="ElgooG">elgooG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predictions_of_the_end_of_Google" title="Predictions of the end of Google">Predictions of the end</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Registry" title="Google Registry">Registry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.app_(top-level_domain)" title=".app (top-level domain)">.app (top-level domain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.dev" title=".dev">.dev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.co" title="G.co">g.co</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.google" title=".google">.google</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pimp_My_Search" title="Pimp My Search">Pimp My Search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relationship_between_Google_and_Wikipedia" title="Relationship between Google and Wikipedia">Relationship with Wikipedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensorvault" title="Sensorvault">Sensorvault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Digital_Library_Project" title="Stanford Digital Library Project">Stanford Digital Library Project</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Italics indicate <a href="/wiki/List_of_Google_products#Discontinued_products_and_services" title="List of Google products">discontinued products or services</a>.</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Google" title="Category:Google">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Google" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Google">Commons</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Google" title="Outline of Google">Outline</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/72/Symbol_project_class.svg/16px-Symbol_project_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/72/Symbol_project_class.svg/23px-Symbol_project_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/72/Symbol_project_class.svg/31px-Symbol_project_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Google" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Google">WikiProject</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rich_Internet_Applications" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rich_Internet_Applications" title="Template:Rich Internet Applications"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rich_Internet_Applications" title="Template talk:Rich Internet Applications"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rich_Internet_Applications" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rich Internet Applications"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rich_Internet_Applications" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rich_Internet_Application" title="Rich Internet Application">Rich Internet Applications</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Basic frameworks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash" title="Adobe Flash">Adobe Flash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Flex" title="Apache Flex">Apache Flex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Pivot" title="Apache Pivot">Apache Pivot</a></li> <li>Cappuccino</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curl_(programming_language)" title="Curl (programming language)">Curl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Web_Toolkit" title="Google Web Toolkit">Google Web Toolkit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JavaFX" title="JavaFX">JavaFX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lively_Kernel" title="Lively Kernel">Lively Kernel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moonlight_(runtime)" title="Moonlight (runtime)">Moonlight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Silverlight" title="Microsoft Silverlight">Silverlight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenLaszlo" title="OpenLaszlo">OpenLaszlo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qt_Quick" title="Qt Quick">Qt Quick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SproutCore" title="SproutCore">SproutCore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XULRunner" title="XULRunner">XULRunner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Site-specific_browser" title="Site-specific browser">Site-specific browsers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_AIR" title="Adobe AIR">AIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curl_(programming_language)" title="Curl (programming language)">Curl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluid_(web_browser)" title="Fluid (web browser)">Fluid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gollum_browser" title="Gollum browser">Gollum</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Google Chrome</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gears_(software)" title="Gears (software)">Gears</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Prism" title="Mozilla Prism">Mozilla Prism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WebCatalog&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WebCatalog (page does not exist)">WebCatalog</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Rich_Internet_Applications" title="Category:Rich Internet Applications">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_rich_web_application_frameworks" title="List of rich web application frameworks">List of frameworks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist 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