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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Événements</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Événements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naissances_en_1285" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naissances_en_1285"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Naissances en 1285</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naissances_en_1285-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Décès_en_1285" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Décès_en_1285"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Décès en 1285</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Décès_en_1285-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table des matières" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1285</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 135 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-135" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">135 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – abkhaze" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhaze" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – alémanique" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alémanique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1285 እ.ኤ.አ. – amharique" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1285 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B2%DB%B8%DB%B5_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۲۸۵ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۲۸۵ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%AB" title="১২৮৫ – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১২৮৫" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%AB" title="মারি ১২৮৫ – bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১২৮৫" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285." title="1285. – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1285." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1285 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1285 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A2%D9%A8%D9%A5" title="١٢٨٥ – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١٢٨٥" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – tatar de Crimée" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tatar de Crimée" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B2%DB%B8%DB%B5_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۲۸۵ (میلادی) – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۲۸۵ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – féroïen" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="féroïen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – frison occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frison occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285%E5%B9%B4" title="1285年 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1285年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – créole guyanais" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="créole guyanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – gaélique écossais" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélique écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AB" title="१२८५ – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१२८५" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285." title="1285. – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1285." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285_(almanak_jilyen)" title="1285 (almanak jilyen) – créole haïtien" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1285 (almanak jilyen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="créole haïtien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285%E5%B9%B4" title="1285年 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1285年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1285 жыл – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1285 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285%EB%85%84" title="1285년 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1285년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – luxembourgeois" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxembourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – ligure" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligure" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285_m." title="1285 m. – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1285 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285._gads" title="1285. gads – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1285. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – mokcha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – malgache" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AB" title="इ.स. १२८५ – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १२८५" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285_%D0%B8" title="1285 и – mari occidental" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1285 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="mari occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%82%E1%81%88%E1%81%85" title="၁၂၈၅ – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၂၈၅" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B2%DB%B8%DB%B5" title="۱۲۸۵ – mazandérani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۲۸۵" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandérani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – napolitain" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – bas-allemand" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="bas-allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AB" title="सन् १२८५ – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सन् १२८५" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – sotho du Nord" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sotho du Nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%A8%E0%AD%AE%E0%AD%AB" title="୧୨୮୫ – odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୨୮୫" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1285-æм аз – ossète" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1285-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossète" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – pendjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AB" title="१२८५ – pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१२८५" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1285 год – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1285 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AB" title="१२८५ – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="१२८५" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – iakoute" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iakoute" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – sicilien" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285%D8%B9" title="1285ع – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1285ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – same du Nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="same du Nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285." title="1285. – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1285." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – same d’Inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="same d’Inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – soundanais" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="soundanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1285" title="Соли 1285 – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1285" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._1828" title="พ.ศ. 1828 – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 1828" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – turkmène" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1285 ел – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1285 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285%D8%A1" title="1285ء – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1285ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – vénitien" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vénitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – flamand occidental" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="flamand occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285%E5%B9%B4" title="1285年 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1285年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285" title="1285 – mingrélien" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1285" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrélien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285%E5%B9%B4" title="1285年 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1285年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285_n%C3%AE" title="1285 nî – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1285 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1285%E5%B9%B4" title="1285年 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1285年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5546#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Outils</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions 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class="vector-menu-heading"> Général </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_li%C3%A9es/1285" title="Liste des pages liées qui pointent sur celle-ci [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Suivi_des_liens/1285" rel="nofollow" title="Liste des modifications récentes des pages appelées par celle-ci [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Suivi des pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aide:Importer_un_fichier" title="Téléverser des fichiers [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Téléverser un fichier</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1285&oldid=199160827" title="Adresse permanente de cette version de cette page"><span>Lien permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1285&action=info" title="Davantage d’informations sur cette page"><span>Informations sur la page</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Citer&page=1285&id=199160827&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informations sur la manière de citer cette page"><span>Citer cette page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F1285"><span>Obtenir l'URL raccourcie</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F1285"><span>Télécharger le code QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimer / exporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Livre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=1285"><span>Créer un livre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:DownloadAsPdf&page=1285&action=show-download-screen"><span>Télécharger comme PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1285&printable=yes" title="Version imprimable de cette page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Version imprimable</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dans d’autres projets </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1285" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5546" title="Lien vers l’élément dans le dépôt de données connecté [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Élément Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Cette page concerne l'année <b>1285</b> du <a href="/wiki/Calendrier_julien" title="Calendrier julien">calendrier julien</a>. </p> </div></div> <div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive" style="width:21em"> <div class="entete" style="background-color: #C0D1E2;"> <div><small>Chronologies</small></div> </div><div class="images"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Duccio_di_Buoninsegna_009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Duccio_di_Buoninsegna_009.jpg/220px-Duccio_di_Buoninsegna_009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="345" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Duccio_di_Buoninsegna_009.jpg/330px-Duccio_di_Buoninsegna_009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Duccio_di_Buoninsegna_009.jpg/440px-Duccio_di_Buoninsegna_009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1576" data-file-height="2468" /></a></span> </div> <div class="legend"><i>Vierge Rucellai</i> de <a href="/wiki/Duccio" class="mw-redirect" title="Duccio">Duccio</a>. <div class="commons plainlinks"><span class="js-interprojets"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1285_paintings?uselang=fr">1285</a></span> sur <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="commons:">Commons</a></div></div><table><caption class="hidden" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Données clés</caption> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1282" title="1282">1282</a> <a href="/wiki/1283" title="1283">1283</a> <a href="/wiki/1284" title="1284">1284</a> <b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">1285</a> </b> <a href="/wiki/1286" title="1286">1286</a> <a href="/wiki/1287" title="1287">1287</a> <a href="/wiki/1288" title="1288">1288</a><br /><small><b>Décennies :</b></small><br /><a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1250" title="Années 1250">1250</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1260" title="Années 1260">1260</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1270" title="Années 1270">1270</a> <b> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1280" title="Années 1280">1280</a> </b> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1290" title="Années 1290">1290</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1300" title="Années 1300">1300</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1310" title="Années 1310">1310</a><br /><small><b>Siècles :</b></small><br /><a href="/wiki/XIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XIe siècle">XI<sup>e</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/XIIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XIIe siècle">XII<sup>e</sup></a> <b> <a href="/wiki/XIIIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XIIIe siècle">XIII<sup>e</sup></a> </b> <a href="/wiki/XIVe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XIVe siècle">XIV<sup>e</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/XVe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XVe siècle">XV<sup>e</sup></a><br /><small><b>Millénaires :</b></small><br /><a href="/wiki/Ier_mill%C3%A9naire_av._J.-C." title="Ier millénaire av. J.-C.">-I<sup>er</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/Ier_mill%C3%A9naire" title="Ier millénaire">I<sup>er</sup></a> <b> <a href="/wiki/IIe_mill%C3%A9naire" title="IIe millénaire">II<sup>e</sup></a> </b> <a href="/wiki/IIIe_mill%C3%A9naire" title="IIIe millénaire">III<sup>e</sup></a> </td> </tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="background-color:#CEE0F2;"><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_chronologies_th%C3%A9matiques" title="Liste des chronologies thématiques">Chronologies thématiques</a></caption> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r223867407">.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame{background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);border:1px var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);border-style:solid;margin-bottom:1em;clear:both}.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame div.NavHead{min-height:1.6em;font-weight:bold;background-color:#efefef;color:var(--color-emphasized,#000);text-align:center}.mw-parser-output div.NavContent{display:block;margin:0;text-align:left}body:not(.mw-mf) .mw-parser-output div.NavFrame{padding:2px;text-align:center;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:95%}body:not(.mw-mf) .mw-parser-output div.NavPic{padding:2px;float:left}body:not(.mw-mf) .mw-parser-output div.NavEnd{height:0;clear:both}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div.NavFrame div.NavHead{background-color:#27292d}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table div.NavFrame a{color:#88a3e8}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table div.NavFrame a.new{color:#fd7865}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div.NavFrame div.NavHead{background-color:#27292d}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table div.NavFrame a{color:#88a3e8}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table div.NavFrame a.new{color:#fd7865}}</style><div class="NavFrame" style="border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color:#FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="min-height:2.5em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1285_en_religion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1285 en religion (page inexistante)">Religion</a></div> <div class="NavContent" style="background-color:none !important;background:none !important;;"> <p><small>(,)</small> et * <a href="/wiki/1285_dans_les_croisades" title="1285 dans les croisades">Croisades</a> </p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r223867407" /><div class="NavFrame" style="border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color:#FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="min-height:2.5em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1285_en_science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1285 en science (page inexistante)">Science</a></div> <div class="NavContent" style="background-color:none !important;background:none !important;;"> <p><small>()</small> et <a href="/wiki/1285_en_sant%C3%A9_et_m%C3%A9decine" title="1285 en santé et médecine">Santé et médecine</a> </p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terrorisme_avant_1946" title="Terrorisme avant 1946">Terrorisme</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Calendriers</caption> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_romain" title="Calendrier romain">Romain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_chinois" title="Calendrier chinois">Chinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_gr%C3%A9gorien" title="Calendrier grégorien">Grégorien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_julien" title="Calendrier julien">Julien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_h%C3%A9bra%C3%AFque" title="Calendrier hébraïque">Hébraïque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_hindou" title="Calendrier hindou">Hindou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_h%C3%A9girien" title="Calendrier hégirien">Hégirien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_persan" title="Calendrier persan">Persan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_r%C3%A9publicain" title="Calendrier républicain">Républicain</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table><p class="navbar bordered noprint" style="border-color:#CEE0F2;"><span class="plainlinks navigation-not-searchable"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1285&action=edit">modifier</a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Ann%C3%A9es" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></p></div> <p>L'année <b>1285</b> est une <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9e_commune" title="Année commune">année commune</a> qui <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9e_commune_commen%C3%A7ant_un_lundi" title="Année commune commençant un lundi">commence un lundi</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Événements"><span id=".C3.89v.C3.A9nements"></span>Événements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1285&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Événements" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1285&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Événements"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/17_avril" title="17 avril">17 avril</a> : le sultan <a href="/wiki/Mamelouk" title="Mamelouk">mamelouk</a> <a href="/wiki/Al-Mans%C3%BBr_Sayf_ad-D%C3%AEn_Qala%27%C3%BBn_al-Alfi" title="Al-Mansûr Sayf ad-Dîn Qala'ûn al-Alfi">Qala'ûn</a> assiège pendant cinq semaines la forteresse des Hospitaliers de <a href="/wiki/Qalaat_Marqab" class="mw-redirect" title="Qalaat Marqab">Marqab</a>. Elle est prise le <a href="/wiki/25_mai" title="25 mai">25 mai</a> et ses défenseurs sont autorisés à partir sains et saufs vers <a href="/wiki/Tripoli_(ville_du_Liban)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tripoli (ville du Liban)">Tripoli</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/19_juin" title="19 juin">19 juin</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> : mort de <a href="/wiki/Yekouno_Amlak" title="Yekouno Amlak">Yekouno Amlak</a>. Début du règne de <a href="/wiki/Yagb%C3%A9a-Syon" title="Yagbéa-Syon">Yagbéa-Syon</a>, roi d’<a href="/wiki/%C3%89thiopie" title="Éthiopie">Éthiopie</a> (fin en <a href="/wiki/1294" title="1294">1294</a>).</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <ul><li>L'esclave affranchi <a href="/wiki/Sakoura" title="Sakoura">Sakoura</a> usurpe le pouvoir dans l'<a href="/wiki/Empire_du_Mali" title="Empire du Mali">empire du Mali</a>. Il rétablit l’ordre et étend ses conquêtes en pays <a href="/wiki/Empire_toucouleur" title="Empire toucouleur">Toucouleur</a> et <a href="/wiki/Empire_songha%C3%AF" title="Empire songhaï">Songhaï</a>, sur le <a href="/wiki/Empire_du_Macina" title="Empire du Macina">Macina</a> et le <a href="/wiki/Tekrour" title="Tekrour">Tekrour</a> et règne jusqu'en <a href="/wiki/1300" title="1300">1300</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Le <a href="/wiki/Sultanat_d%27Ifat" title="Sultanat d'Ifat">sultanat d'Ifat</a> annexe le <a href="/wiki/Sultanat_de_Makhzumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanat de Makhzumi">sultanat de Makhzumi</a> dans la partie orientale du <a href="/wiki/Choa" title="Choa">Choa</a> en Éthiopie méridionale<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Seconde expédition des <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a> de <a href="/wiki/Kubilai_Khan" title="Kubilai Khan">Kubilai Khan</a> dirigée par son fils Toghon contre le royaume de <a href="/wiki/Champ%C3%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Champâ">Champâ</a> par le golfe du <a href="/wiki/Tonkin" title="Tonkin">Tonkin</a>. Elle est défaite devant <a href="/wiki/Hano%C3%AF" title="Hanoï">Hanoï</a> et les troupes dispersées se replient en <a href="/wiki/Chine" title="Chine">Chine</a>. Une armée de secours commandée par Sogatu est écrasée par les forces du royaume d’<a href="/wiki/Annam" title="Annam">Annam</a><sup id="cite_ref-Grousset_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grousset-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <ul><li>Raid <a href="/wiki/Mongol" title="Mongol">mongol</a> sur les rives de l'<a href="/wiki/Indus" title="Indus">Indus</a>. Muhammad Shâh, le fils aîné et préféré du <a href="/wiki/Sultan_de_Delhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan de Delhi">sultan de Delhi</a> <a href="/wiki/Balb%C3%A2n" title="Balbân">Balbân</a>, occupé à réduire une rébellion des <a href="/wiki/Sumras" class="mw-redirect" title="Sumras">Sumras</a> du <a href="/wiki/Sind" title="Sind">Sind</a>, se porte à leur rencontre. Victorieux, il est tué dans la bataille<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chine" title="Chine">Chine</a> : ordonnance diminuant de 1/6° le prix du fermage<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1285&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Europe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1285&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Europe"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/6_janvier" title="6 janvier">6 janvier</a> : synode de <a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C4%99czyca" title="Łęczyca">Łęczyca</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Pour contrecarrer la progression de la langue allemande, <a href="/wiki/Jakub_%C5%9Awinka" title="Jakub Świnka">Jakub Świnka</a>, archevêque de <a href="/wiki/Gniezno" title="Gniezno">Gniezno</a>, rend le polonais obligatoire, tant dans les prêches que dans les écoles paroissiales.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/7_janvier" title="7 janvier">7 janvier</a> : début du règne de <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_d%27Anjou" title="Charles II d'Anjou">Charles II d'Anjou</a>, <i>le Boiteux</i> (<a href="/wiki/1254" title="1254">1254</a>-<a href="/wiki/1309" title="1309">1309</a>), <a href="/wiki/Liste_des_rois_de_Sicile" title="Liste des rois de Sicile">roi de Naples</a> et <a href="/wiki/Liste_des_comtes_et_marquis_de_Provence" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste des comtes et marquis de Provence">comte de Provence</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il est alors prisonnier à <a href="/wiki/Barcelone" title="Barcelone">Barcelone</a> depuis <a href="/wiki/1284" title="1284">1284</a>. À sa libération en <a href="/wiki/1288" title="1288">1288</a>, il échoue dans sa tentative de reconquête de la <a href="/wiki/Sicile" title="Sicile">Sicile</a> dont il doit reconnaître l’indépendance.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/25_mars" title="25 mars">25 mars</a>, Pâques : <ul><li>Promulgation par le <a href="/wiki/Parlement_d%27Angleterre" title="Parlement d'Angleterre">Parlement d'Angleterre</a> du second statut de Westminster<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Départ de Philippe III pour l'Aragon<sup id="cite_ref-Sismondi_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sismondi-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Le pape ayant déposé <a href="/wiki/Pierre_III_d%27Aragon" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre III d'Aragon">Pierre III d'Aragon</a> et donné son royaume au fils du roi de France, <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Valois_(1270-1325)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles de Valois (1270-1325)">Charles de Valois</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippe_III_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippe III de France">Philippe III</a> mène une <a href="/wiki/Croisade_d%27Aragon" title="Croisade d'Aragon">croisade</a> pour conquérir l’<a href="/wiki/Royaume_d%27Aragon" title="Royaume d'Aragon">Aragon</a> qui se solde par un échec où le roi de France trouve la mort.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_(mois)" title="Mars (mois)">Mars</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> : révolte de Berenguer Oller à <a href="/wiki/Barcelone" title="Barcelone">Barcelone</a>. Le meneur populaire Berenguer Oller, dirigeant une insurrection contre le Conseil et le roi, laisse tuer les <a href="/wiki/Juifs" title="Juifs">Juifs</a> de la <i>call du Castellnou</i>, la <i>juderia</i> proche de la cathédrale.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_avril" title="2 avril">2 avril</a> : début du <a href="/wiki/Pontificat" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontificat">pontificat</a> d'<a href="/wiki/Honorius_IV" title="Honorius IV">Honorius IV</a> (jusqu'en <a href="/wiki/1288" title="1288">1288</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_mai" title="5 mai">5 mai</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>14<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> : <a href="/wiki/Niort" title="Niort">Niort</a> reçoit du roi de France les privilèges d’un port franc.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/10_mai" title="10 mai">10 mai</a> : <a href="/wiki/Philippe_III_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippe III de France">Philippe III</a> entre en <a href="/wiki/Comt%C3%A9_de_Roussillon" title="Comté de Roussillon">Roussillon</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sismondi_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sismondi-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/25_mai" title="25 mai">25 mai</a> : prise d'<a href="/wiki/Elne" title="Elne">Elne</a> par les Français et massacre de tous les habitants<sup id="cite_ref-Sismondi_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sismondi-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/28_juin" title="28 juin">28 juin</a> : début du siège de <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rone" title="Gérone">Gérone</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sismondi_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sismondi-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ; l'armée Française est victime d'une épidémie de <a href="/wiki/Malaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaria">malaria</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/15_ao%C3%BBt" title="15 août">15 août</a> : mort de <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Ier_de_Savoie" title="Philippe Ier de Savoie">Philippe de Savoie</a>. Son neveu <a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e_V_de_Savoie" title="Amédée V de Savoie">Amédée V de Savoie</a> lui succède à la tête du comté de Savoie (1285-1323)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>15<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3_septembre" title="3 septembre">3</a> - <a href="/wiki/4_septembre" title="4 septembre">4 septembre</a> : <a href="/wiki/Bataille_des_Formigues" title="Bataille des Formigues">bataille navale des Formigues</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>16<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La flotte catalane, commandée par l'amiral <a href="/wiki/Roger_de_Lauria" title="Roger de Lauria">Roger de Lauria</a>, bat celle de <a href="/wiki/Philippe_III_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippe III de France">Philippe III <i>le Hardi</i></a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/7_septembre" title="7 septembre">7 septembre</a> : reddition de <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rone" title="Gérone">Gérone</a>. Elle est rendue à l'Aragon le <time class="nowrap" datetime="10-12" data-sort-value="10-12">12 octobre</time><sup id="cite_ref-Sismondi_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sismondi-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/21_septembre" title="21 septembre">21 septembre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catalogne" title="Catalogne">Catalogne</a>: l'armée de <a href="/wiki/Philippe_III_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippe III de France">Philippe III</a>, lui aussi atteint de malaria, se replie<sup id="cite_ref-Sismondi_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sismondi-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_septembre" title="30 septembre">30 septembre</a> - <a href="/wiki/5_octobre" title="5 octobre">5 octobre</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>17<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> : les <a href="/wiki/Liste_des_comtes_de_Chiny" title="Liste des comtes de Chiny">Chiny</a> organisent des fêtes magnifiques près de <a href="/wiki/Montm%C3%A9dy" title="Montmédy">Montmédy</a> et y invitent plus de 500 chevaliers pour des joutes et des Jeux guerriers. <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Bretel" title="Jacques Bretel">Jacques Bretel</a> en fait un compte rendu brillant et poétique dans son <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Tournoi_de_Chauvency" title="Le Tournoi de Chauvency">Tournoi de Chauvency</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1er_octobre" title="1er octobre"><abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> octobre</a> : <a href="/wiki/Bataille_du_col_de_Panissars" title="Bataille du col de Panissars">bataille du col de Panissars</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>18<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Fin de la <a href="/wiki/Croisade_d%27Aragon" title="Croisade d'Aragon">croisade d'Aragon</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_octobre" title="5 octobre">5 octobre</a> : mort de <a href="/wiki/Philippe_III_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippe III de France">Philippe III</a> à <a href="/wiki/Perpignan" title="Perpignan">Perpignan</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sismondi_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sismondi-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Début du règne de <a href="/wiki/Philippe_IV_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippe IV de France">Philippe IV le Bel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liste_des_monarques_de_France" title="Liste des monarques de France">roi de France</a> (jusqu'en <a href="/wiki/1314" title="1314">1314</a>). <a href="/wiki/Enguerrand_de_Marigny" title="Enguerrand de Marigny">Enguerrand de Marigny</a> devient son ministre des finances.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/31_octobre" title="31 octobre">31 octobre</a> : traité de Kalmar<sup id="cite_ref-Le_Bas_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Le_Bas-19"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>19<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. <ul><li>De difficiles négociations entre la <a href="/wiki/Wendischer_St%C3%A4dtebund" title="Wendischer Städtebund">Ligue des villes Wendes</a> et le <a href="/wiki/Roi_de_Norv%C3%A8ge" class="mw-redirect" title="Roi de Norvège">roi de Norvège</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_II_de_Norv%C3%A8ge" title="Éric II de Norvège">Éric II de Norvège</a> sont entamées au printemps à Gullbetshed, près de <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6d%C3%B6se" title="Lödöse">Lödöse</a>. Elles n’aboutissent pas. Elles reprennent à <a href="/wiki/Kalmar_(Kalmar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalmar (Kalmar)">Kalmar</a> en automne, arbitrées par le roi de <a href="/wiki/Su%C3%A8de" title="Suède">Suède</a> <a href="/wiki/Magnus_III_de_Su%C3%A8de" title="Magnus III de Suède">Magnus</a>. Les Norvégiens doivent rendre aux Hanséates tous les biens mis sous séquestre, et verser six mille marcs d’argent de dédommagement. Les Hanséates sont rétablis dans leurs anciens droits et privilèges, commercent dans le pays à égalité avec les Norvégiens et peuvent acheter tout ce qu’ils souhaitent et traiter aussi bien avec des négociants locaux, que des paysans ou des marchands étrangers. Ils débarquent leurs marchandises sans payer de droits.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11_novembre" title="11 novembre">11 novembre</a> : <ul><li>début du règne de <a href="/wiki/Jacques_II_d%27Aragon" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacques II d'Aragon">Jacques II le Juste</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liste_des_rois_de_Sicile" title="Liste des rois de Sicile">roi de Sicile</a> (fin en <a href="/wiki/1295" title="1295">1295</a>).</li> <li>début du règne d'<a href="/wiki/Alphonse_III_d%27Aragon" class="mw-redirect" title="Alphonse III d'Aragon">Alphonse III</a>, roi d'Aragon (jusqu'en <a href="/wiki/1291" title="1291">1291</a>). Il accorde d’importants privilèges aux Aragonais.</li></ul></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <ul><li><i>Libra</i> de <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9rouse_(Italie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pérouse (Italie)">Pérouse</a> qui forme la première base d’une fiscalité indirecte<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>20<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naissances_en_1285"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Naissance_en_1285" title="Catégorie:Naissance en 1285">Naissances en 1285</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1285&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Naissances en 1285" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1285&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Naissances en 1285"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article détaillé : <a href="/wiki/Naissance_en_1285" title="Naissance en 1285">Naissance en 1285</a>.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Décès_en_1285"><span id="D.C3.A9c.C3.A8s_en_1285"></span><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:D%C3%A9c%C3%A8s_en_1285" title="Catégorie:Décès en 1285">Décès en 1285</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1285&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Décès en 1285" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1285&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Décès en 1285"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article détaillé : <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9c%C3%A8s_en_1285" title="Décès en 1285">Décès en 1285</a>.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1285&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1285&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style="column-width:36em; column-count:2;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jaques2007"><span class="ouvrage" id="Tony_Jaques2007"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Tony Jaques, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Dictionary of Battles and Sieges : F-O</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 2, Westport (Conn.), <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>, <time>2007</time>, 1354 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-313-33538-9" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-313-33538-9"><span class="nowrap">978-0-313-33538-9</span></a> et <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0-313-33536-2" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0-313-33536-2"><span class="nowrap">0-313-33536-2</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=Dh6jydKXikoC&pg=PA637">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Battles+and+Sieges+%3A+F-O&rft.place=Westport+%28Conn.%29&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.aulast=Jaques&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft.date=2007&rft.volume=2&rft.tpages=1354&rft.isbn=978-0-313-33538-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1285"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">A. K. Irvine, <i>The different collections of nägś hymns in Ethiopic literature and their contributions</i>, Bulletin of the <a href="/wiki/School_of_Oriental_and_African_Studies" title="School of Oriental and African Studies">School of Oriental and African Studies</a>, University of London, 1985.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=MT66xdW-Q98C&pg=PA184"><i>HAUT~SENEGAL NIGER L'histoire</i>, par Maurice Delafosse Publié par Maisonneuve & Larose</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Fasi1997"><span class="ouvrage" id="M._el-_Fasi1997">M. el- <span class="nom_auteur">Fasi</span>, <cite class="italique">L' Afrique du <abbr class="abbr" title="7ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">VII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> au <abbr class="abbr" title="11ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XI</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</cite>, UNESCO, <time class="nowrap" datetime="1997-01-01" data-sort-value="1997-01-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> janvier 1997</time>, 559 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-92-3-202495-4" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-92-3-202495-4"><span class="nowrap">978-92-3-202495-4</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=NC9sRHG-U7cC&pg=PA407">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27+Afrique+du+VIIe+au+XIe%26nbsp%3Bsi%C3%A8cle&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft.aulast=Fasi&rft.aufirst=M.+el-&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.tpages=559&rft.isbn=978-92-3-202495-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1285"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grousset-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Grousset_5-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Grousset1938"><span class="ouvrage" id="René_Grousset1938"><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Grousset" title="René Grousset">René Grousset</a>, <cite class="italique">L’empire des steppes, Attila, Gengis-Khan, Tamerlan</cite>, Paris, <a href="/wiki/Payot_(%C3%A9ditions)" class="mw-redirect" title="Payot (éditions)">Payot</a>, 1938, quatrième édition, 1965, (.pdf) 669 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1522/24883187">présentation en ligne</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://classiques.uqac.ca/classiques/grousset_rene/empire_des_steppes/grousset_steppes.pdf">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%E2%80%99empire+des+steppes%2C+Attila%2C+Gengis-Khan%2C+Tamerlan&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Payot&rft.aulast=Grousset&rft.aufirst=Ren%C3%A9&rft.date=1965&rft.tpages=%28.pdf%29+669&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1285"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=lt2tqOpVRKgC&pg=PA53"><i>The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History</i>, par Peter Jackson Publié par Cambridge University Press, 2003</a> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-521-54329-3" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-521-54329-3"><span class="nowrap">978-0-521-54329-3</span></a>)</small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=kVCGAAAAIAAJ&q=%221285%2C+il+fut+diminu%C3%A9+d%27un+sixi%C3%A8me%22&pgis=1#search_anchor"><i>Mélanges posthumes sur les religions et l'histoire de la Chine</i>, par Henri Maspero Publié par Civilisations du Sud, S.A.E.P., 1950</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=P9geAAAAMAAJ&q=%22january+6%2C+1285%22&pgis=1#search_anchor"><i>Studies in Polish civilization</i>, par Damian S. Wandycz, Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences in America, Columbia University</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=H2gPAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA379"><i>Histoire de France</i>, par Henri Martin Publié par Furne, 1860</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statutelaw.gov.uk/content.aspx?activeTextDocId=1517444">Site du ministère britannique de la justice</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sismondi-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Sismondi_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sismondi_11-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sismondi_11-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sismondi_11-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sismondi_11-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sismondi_11-5">f</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Sismondi_11-6">g</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=VvgOAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA520"><i>Histoire des Français</i>, par Jean-Charles-Léonard Simonde Sismondi</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=q3Qf_yZplrIC&pg=PA85"><i>Història medieval de Catalunya</i>, par Teresa-Maria Vinyoles, Universitat de Barcelona Departament d'Història Medieval, Paleografia i Diplomàtica Publié par Edicions Universitat Barcelona, 2005</a> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-84-475-2912-4" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-84-475-2912-4"><span class="nowrap">978-84-475-2912-4</span></a>)</small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=sCIFAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA4-PA136"><i>Annuaire de la Société de l'histoire de France</i>, 1851</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?client=firefox-a&id=P1VNAAAAMAAJ&q=%225+mai+1285%22&pgis=1#search"><i>Mémoires de la Société des antiquaires de l'Ouest</i>, de la Société des antiquaires de l'Ouest, Poitiers</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="1978"><cite class="italique">Mémoires et documents</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 39, Genève, Société d’histoire et d'archéologie de Genève, <time>1978</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-600-05014-2" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-600-05014-2"><span class="nowrap">978-2-600-05014-2</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=AESUcVqOZz8C&pg=PA198">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=M%C3%A9moires+et+documents&rft.place=Gen%C3%A8ve&rft.pub=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+d%E2%80%99histoire+et+d%27arch%C3%A9ologie+de+Gen%C3%A8ve&rft.date=1978&rft.volume=39&rft.isbn=978-2-600-05014-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1285"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=51QbwVtU4S8C&pg=PA42"><i>Mediterrània: Realitat o metàfora: IX Universitat D'estiu a Gandia, 1992</i>, par Angel San Martín, Publié par Universitat de València, 1993</a> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-84-370-1323-7" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-84-370-1323-7"><span class="nowrap">978-84-370-1323-7</span></a>)</small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=-mFlAAAAMAAJ"><i>Dictionnaire des littératures de Lorraine</i>, par Michel Caffier Publié par Serpenoise, 2003</a> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-87692-569-4" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-87692-569-4"><span class="nowrap">978-2-87692-569-4</span></a>)</small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=RuRpE4cN-loC&pg=PA372"><i>Historia de Catalunya</i>, par Ferran Soldevila Publié par Editorial Alpha</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Le_Bas-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Le_Bas_19-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Le_Bas1838"><span class="ouvrage" id="Philippe_Le_Bas1838">Philippe Le Bas, <cite class="italique">Suède et Norwège</cite>, Paris, F. Didot, <time>1838</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=kGoOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA523">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Su%C3%A8de+et+Norw%C3%A8ge&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=F.+Didot&rft.au=Philippe+Le+Bas&rft.date=1838&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1285"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=gfhrqdxI1S0C&pg=PA294"><i>Castrum</i>, par André Bazzana Publié par Casa de Velázquez, 1988</a> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-84-86839-02-4" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-84-86839-02-4"><span class="nowrap">978-84-86839-02-4</span></a>)</small></span> </li> </ol> </div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1285&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1285&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/date/1285/">L’année 1285</a> sur le site de la <a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a></li></ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Moyen_%C3%82ge_tardif" title="Portail du Moyen Âge tardif"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/John_duke_of_burgundy.jpg/22px-John_duke_of_burgundy.jpg" decoding="async" width="22" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/John_duke_of_burgundy.jpg/33px-John_duke_of_burgundy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/John_duke_of_burgundy.jpg/44px-John_duke_of_burgundy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="445" data-file-height="489" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Moyen_%C3%82ge_tardif" title="Portail:Moyen Âge tardif">Portail du Moyen Âge tardif</a></span> </span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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