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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Upper Header" data-value="1" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="1" track-metadata-eventdetail="Google Analytics"> <svg class="devsite-google-wordmark" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 148 48"> <title>Google</title> <path class="devsite-google-wordmark-svg-path" d="M19.58,37.65c-9.87,0-18.17-8.04-18.17-17.91c0-9.87,8.3-17.91,18.17-17.91c5.46,0,9.35,2.14,12.27,4.94l-3.45,3.45c-2.1-1.97-4.93-3.49-8.82-3.49c-7.21,0-12.84,5.81-12.84,13.02c0,7.21,5.64,13.02,12.84,13.02c4.67,0,7.34-1.88,9.04-3.58c1.4-1.4,2.32-3.41,2.66-6.16H19.58v-4.89h16.47c0.18,0.87,0.26,1.92,0.26,3.06c0,3.67-1.01,8.21-4.24,11.44C28.93,35.9,24.91,37.65,19.58,37.65z M61.78,26.12c0,6.64-5.1,11.53-11.36,11.53s-11.36-4.89-11.36-11.53c0-6.68,5.1-11.53,11.36-11.53S61.78,19.43,61.78,26.12z M56.8,26.12c0-4.15-2.96-6.99-6.39-6.99c-3.43,0-6.39,2.84-6.39,6.99c0,4.11,2.96,6.99,6.39,6.99C53.84,33.11,56.8,30.22,56.8,26.12z M87.25,26.12c0,6.64-5.1,11.53-11.36,11.53c-6.26,0-11.36-4.89-11.36-11.53c0-6.68,5.1-11.53,11.36-11.53C82.15,14.59,87.25,19.43,87.25,26.12zM82.28,26.12c0-4.15-2.96-6.99-6.39-6.99c-3.43,0-6.39,2.84-6.39,6.99c0,4.11,2.96,6.99,6.39,6.99C79.32,33.11,82.28,30.22,82.28,26.12z M112.09,15.29v20.7c0,8.52-5.02,12.01-10.96,12.01c-5.59,0-8.95-3.76-10.22-6.81l4.41-1.83c0.79,1.88,2.71,4.1,5.81,4.1c3.8,0,6.16-2.36,6.16-6.77v-1.66h-0.18c-1.14,1.4-3.32,2.62-6.07,2.62c-5.76,0-11.05-5.02-11.05-11.49c0-6.51,5.28-11.57,11.05-11.57c2.75,0,4.93,1.22,6.07,2.58h0.18v-1.88H112.09z M107.64,26.16c0-4.06-2.71-7.03-6.16-7.03c-3.49,0-6.42,2.97-6.42,7.03c0,4.02,2.93,6.94,6.42,6.94C104.93,33.11,107.64,30.18,107.64,26.16z M120.97,3.06v33.89h-5.07V3.06H120.97z M140.89,29.92l3.93,2.62c-1.27,1.88-4.32,5.11-9.61,5.11c-6.55,0-11.28-5.07-11.28-11.53c0-6.86,4.77-11.53,10.71-11.53c5.98,0,8.91,4.76,9.87,7.34l0.52,1.31l-15.42,6.38c1.18,2.31,3.01,3.49,5.59,3.49C137.79,33.11,139.58,31.84,140.89,29.92zM128.79,25.77l10.31-4.28c-0.57-1.44-2.27-2.45-4.28-2.45C132.24,19.04,128.66,21.31,128.79,25.77z"/> </svg>Analytics </a> </li> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <div class="devsite-breadcrumb-guillemet material-icons" aria-hidden="true"></div> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Upper Header" data-value="2" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="2" track-metadata-eventdetail="Google Analytics APIs"> Measurement </a> </li> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <div class="devsite-breadcrumb-guillemet material-icons" aria-hidden="true"></div> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Upper Header" data-value="3" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="3" track-metadata-eventdetail="Google Analytics for Web (analytics.js)"> analytics.js </a> </li> </ul> </span> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-book-nav-wrapper"> <div class="devsite-mobile-nav-top"> <ul class="devsite-nav-list"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event devsite-nav-has-children devsite-nav-active" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Guides" track-name="guides" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Guides" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Guides </span> <span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="forward"> </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/command-queue-reference" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event devsite-nav-has-children " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Reference" track-name="reference" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Reference" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Reference </span> <span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="forward"> </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/help" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event devsite-nav-has-children " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Support" track-name="support" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Support" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Support </span> <span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="forward"> </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="devsite-mobile-nav-bottom" role="navigation"> <ul class="devsite-nav-list" menu="_book"> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Fundamentals</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Adding analytics.js to Your Site</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/how-analyticsjs-works" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/how-analyticsjs-works" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/how-analyticsjs-works"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>How analytics.js Works</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/creating-trackers" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/creating-trackers" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/creating-trackers"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Creating Trackers</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/accessing-trackers" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/accessing-trackers" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/accessing-trackers"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Getting and Setting Tracker Data</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/sending-hits" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/sending-hits" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/sending-hits"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Sending Data to Google Analytics</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/using-plugins" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/using-plugins" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/using-plugins"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Using Plugins</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/debugging" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/debugging" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/debugging"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Debugging</span></a></li></ul></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Measuring common user interactions</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/pages" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/pages" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/pages"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Page Views</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/events" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/events" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/events"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Event Measurement</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/social-interactions" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/social-interactions" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/social-interactions"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Social Interactions</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/screens" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/screens" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/screens"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>App / Screen Measurement</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/user-timings" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/user-timings" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/user-timings"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>User Timings</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/exceptions" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/exceptions" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/exceptions"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Measure Exceptions</span></a></li></ul></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Advanced Topics</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/cookies-user-id" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/cookies-user-id" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/cookies-user-id"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Cookies and User Identification</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/cross-domain" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/cross-domain" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/cross-domain"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Cross-domain Measurement</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/custom-dims-mets" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/custom-dims-mets" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/custom-dims-mets"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Custom Dimensions and Metrics</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/renaming-the-ga-object" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/renaming-the-ga-object" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/renaming-the-ga-object"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Renaming the Global (ga) Object</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/writing-plugins" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/writing-plugins" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/writing-plugins"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Writing Plugins</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/tasks" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/tasks" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/tasks"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Tasks</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/ip-anonymization" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/ip-anonymization" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/ip-anonymization"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>IP Anonymization</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/user-opt-out" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/user-opt-out" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/user-opt-out"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>User Opt-out</span></a></li></ul></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Official Plugins</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/display-features" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/display-features" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/display-features"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Advertising Features</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/ecommerce" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/ecommerce" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/ecommerce"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Ecommerce</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/enhanced-ecommerce" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/enhanced-ecommerce" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/enhanced-ecommerce"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Enhanced Ecommerce</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/enhanced-link-attribution" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/enhanced-link-attribution" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/enhanced-link-attribution"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Enhanced link attribution</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/linker" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/linker" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/linker"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Linker</span></a></li></ul></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Solutions</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/single-page-applications" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/single-page-applications" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/single-page-applications"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Single Page Applications</span></a></li></ul></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Resources</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/cookie-usage" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/cookie-usage" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/cookie-usage"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Cookie Usage</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/limits-quotas" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/limits-quotas" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/limits-quotas"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Limits and Quotas</span></a></li></ul></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </devsite-book-nav> <section id="gc-wrapper"> <main role="main" class="devsite-main-content" has-book-nav has-sidebar> <div class="devsite-sidebar"> <div class="devsite-sidebar-content"> <devsite-toc class="devsite-nav" role="navigation" aria-label="On this page" depth="2" scrollbars></devsite-toc> <devsite-recommendations-sidebar class="nocontent devsite-nav"> </devsite-recommendations-sidebar> </div> </div> <devsite-content> <article class="devsite-article"> <div class="devsite-banner devsite-banner-announcement" background="/web/20230530220139im_/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/google-yellow"> <div class="devsite-banner-message"> <div class="devsite-banner-message-text"> Universal Analytics (UA) will be deprecated on July 1, 2023, which means it will stop processing data. Analytics 360 properties will stop working on October 1, 2023. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230530220139/https://support.google.com/analytics/answer/10759417">Migrate to Google Analytics 4</a>. </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-article-meta nocontent" role="navigation"> <ul class="devsite-breadcrumb-list" aria-label="Breadcrumb"> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Breadcrumbs" data-value="1" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="1" track-metadata-eventdetail=""> Home </a> </li> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <div class="devsite-breadcrumb-guillemet material-icons" aria-hidden="true"></div> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/products" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Breadcrumbs" data-value="2" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="2" track-metadata-eventdetail=""> Products </a> </li> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <div class="devsite-breadcrumb-guillemet material-icons" aria-hidden="true"></div> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Breadcrumbs" data-value="3" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="3" track-metadata-eventdetail="Google Analytics"> Google Analytics </a> </li> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <div class="devsite-breadcrumb-guillemet material-icons" aria-hidden="true"></div> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Breadcrumbs" data-value="4" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="4" track-metadata-eventdetail="Google Analytics APIs"> Measurement </a> </li> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <div class="devsite-breadcrumb-guillemet material-icons" aria-hidden="true"></div> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Breadcrumbs" data-value="5" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="5" track-metadata-eventdetail="Google Analytics for Web (analytics.js)"> analytics.js </a> </li> </ul> <devsite-thumb-rating position="header"> </devsite-thumb-rating> </div> <h1 class="devsite-page-title">Google Analytics Cookie Usage on Websites</h1><devsite-feature-tooltip ack-key="AckCollectionsBookmarkTooltipDismiss" analytics-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" analytics-action-show="Callout Profile displayed" analytics-action-close="Callout Profile dismissed" analytics-label="Create Collection Callout" class="devsite-page-bookmark-tooltip nocontent" dismiss-button="true" id="devsite-collections-dropdown" dismiss-button-text="Dismiss" close-button-text="Got it"> <devsite-bookmark></devsite-bookmark> <span slot="popout-heading"> Stay organized with collections </span> <span slot="popout-contents"> Save and categorize content based on your preferences. </span> </devsite-feature-tooltip> <devsite-toc class="devsite-nav" depth="2" devsite-toc-embedded> </devsite-toc> <devsite-recommendations-dropdown class="nocontent"></devsite-recommendations-dropdown> <div class="devsite-article-body clearfix ">  <p>This document describes how Google Analytics uses cookies to measure user-interactions on websites.</p> <h2 id="overview" data-text="Overview">Overview</h2> <p>Google Analytics is a simple, easy-to-use tool that helps website owners measure how users interact with website content. As a user navigates between web pages, Google Analytics provides website owners JavaScript tags (libraries) to record information about the page a user has seen, for example the URL of the page.</p> <p>The Google Analytics JavaScript libraries use <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230530220139/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP_cookie">HTTP cookies</a> to "remember" what a user has done on previous pages / interactions with the website.</p> <aside class="note"><strong>Note:</strong><span> Read the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230530220139/https://support.google.com/analytics/answer/6004245" title="Google Analytics Privacy">Google Analytics privacy</a> document for more details about the data collected by Google Analytics.</span></aside> <p>Google Analytics supports three JavaScript libraries (tags) for measuring website usage: <a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/gtagjs">gtag.js</a>, <a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs">analytics.js</a>, and <a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/gajs">ga.js</a>. The following sections describe how each library use cookies for <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230530220139/https://support.google.com/analytics/answer/2790010">Universal Analytics</a> and <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230530220139/https://support.google.com/analytics/answer/10089681">Google Analytics 4</a>, where applicable.</p> <h2 id="gtagjs_google_analytics_4_-_cookie_usage" data-text="gtag.js (Google Analytics 4) - cookie usage">gtag.js (Google Analytics 4) - cookie usage</h2> <p>For <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230530220139/https://support.google.com/analytics/answer/10089681">Google Analytics 4</a>, the <a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/gtagjs">gtag.js JavaScript library</a> uses <em>first-party</em> cookies to:</p> <ul> <li>Distinguish unique users</li> <li>Distinguish sessions for a user</li> </ul> <p>When using the <a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/ga4">recommended JavaScript snippet</a> cookies are set at the highest possible domain level. For example, if your website address is <code translate="no" dir="ltr">blog.example.co.uk</code>, gtag.js will set the cookie domain to <code translate="no" dir="ltr">.example.co.uk</code>. Setting cookies on the highest level domain possible allows measurement to occur across subdomains without any extra configuration.</p> <aside class="note"><strong>Note:</strong><span> gtag.js does not require setting cookies to transmit data to Google Analytics.</span></aside> <p>gtag.js sets the following cookies:</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th width="25%">Cookie name</th> <th>Default expiration time</th> <th>Description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">_ga</code></td> <td>2 years</td> <td>Used to distinguish users.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">_ga_<container-id></code></td> <td>2 years</td> <td>Used to persist session state.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h3 id="customization" data-text="Customization">Customization</h3> <p>Read the gtag.js <a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/ga4/cookies-user-id">Cookies and user identification guide (GA4)</a> to learn how these default settings can be customized with gtag.js.</p> <h2 id="gtagjs_and_analyticsjs_universal_analytics_-_cookie_usage" data-text="gtag.js and analytics.js (Universal Analytics) - cookie usage">gtag.js and analytics.js (Universal Analytics) - cookie usage</h2> <p>The <a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs">analytics.js JavaScript library</a> or the <a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/gtagjs">gtag.js JavaScript library</a> can be used for <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230530220139/https://support.google.com/analytics/answer/2790010">Universal Analytics</a>. In both cases, the libraries use <em>first-party</em> cookies to:</p> <ul> <li>Distinguish unique users</li> <li>Throttle the request rate</li> </ul> <p>When using the <a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/gtagjs">recommended JavaScript snippet</a> cookies are set at the highest possible domain level. For example, if your website address is <code translate="no" dir="ltr">blog.example.co.uk</code>, analytics.js and gtag.js will set the cookie domain to <code translate="no" dir="ltr">.example.co.uk</code>. Setting cookies on the highest level domain possible allows measurement to occur across subdomains without any extra configuration.</p> <aside class="note"><strong>Note:</strong><span> gtag.js and analytics.js do not require setting cookies to transmit data to Google Analytics.</span></aside> <p>gtag.js and analytics.js set the following cookies:</p> <table> <tr> <th width="25%">Cookie Name</th> <th>Default expiration time</th> <th>Description</th> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">_ga</code></td> <td>2 years</td> <td>Used to distinguish users.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">_gid</code></td> <td>24 hours</td> <td>Used to distinguish users.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">_gat</code></td> <td>1 minute</td> <td>Used to throttle request rate. If Google Analytics is deployed via Google Tag Manager, this cookie will be named <code translate="no" dir="ltr">_dc_gtm_<property- id></code>.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">AMP_TOKEN</code></td> <td>30 seconds to 1 year</td> <td>Contains a token that can be used to retrieve a Client ID from AMP Client ID service. Other possible values indicate opt-out, inflight request or an error retrieving a Client ID from AMP Client ID service.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">_gac_<property-id></code></td> <td>90 days</td> <td> Contains campaign related information for the user. If you have linked your Google Analytics and Google Ads accounts, Google Ads website conversion tags will read this cookie unless you opt-out. <a href="//web.archive.org/web/20230530220139/https://support.google.com/google-ads/answer/7521212">Learn more</a>. </td> </tr> </table> <h3 id="customization_2" data-text="Customization">Customization</h3> <p>Read the gtag.js <a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/gtagjs/cookies-user-id">Cookies and user identification guide (Universal Analytics)</a> to learn how these default settings can be customized with gtag.js.</p> <p>Read the analytics.js <a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/domains">Domains and Cookies developer guide</a> to learn all the ways these default settings can be customized with analytics.js.</p> <p>Read the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230530220139/https://support.google.com/analytics/answer/2838718">Security and privacy in Universal Analytics</a> document for more information about Universal Analytics and cookies.</p> <h2 id="gajs_-_cookie_usage" data-text="ga.js - cookie usage">ga.js - cookie usage</h2> <p>The <a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/gajs">ga.js JavaScript library</a> uses <em>first-party</em> cookies to:</p> <ul> <li>Determine which domain to measure</li> <li>Distinguish unique users</li> <li>Throttle the request rate</li> <li>Remember the number and time of previous visits</li> <li>Remember traffic source information</li> <li>Determine the start and end of a session</li> <li>Remember the value of visitor-level custom variables</li> </ul> <p>By default, this library sets cookies on the domain specified in the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">document.host</code> browser property and sets the cookie path to the root level <code translate="no" dir="ltr">(/)</code>. This library sets the following cookies:</p> <table> <tr> <th width="15%">Cookie Name</th> <th width="180px">Default Expiration Time</th> <th>Description</th> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">__utma</code></td> <td>2 years from set/update</td> <td>Used to distinguish users and sessions. The cookie is created when the javascript library executes and no existing __utma cookies exists. The cookie is updated every time data is sent to Google Analytics.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">__utmt</code></td> <td>10 minutes</td> <td>Used to throttle request rate.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">__utmb</code></td> <td>30 mins from set/update</td> <td>Used to determine new sessions/visits. The cookie is created when the javascript library executes and no existing __utmb cookies exists. The cookie is updated every time data is sent to Google Analytics.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">__utmc</code></td> <td>End of browser session</td> <td>Not used in ga.js. Set for interoperability with urchin.js. Historically, this cookie operated in conjunction with the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">__utmb</code> cookie to determine whether the user was in a new session/visit.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">__utmz</code></td> <td>6 months from set/update</td> <td>Stores the traffic source or campaign that explains how the user reached your site. The cookie is created when the javascript library executes and is updated every time data is sent to Google Analytics.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">__utmv</code></td> <td>2 years from set/update</td> <td>Used to store visitor-level custom variable data. This cookie is created when a developer uses the <a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/gajs/methods/gaJSApiBasicConfiguration#_gat.GA_Tracker_._setCustomVar"> <code translate="no" dir="ltr">_setCustomVar</code></a> method with a visitor level custom variable. This cookie was also used for the deprecated <code translate="no" dir="ltr">_setVar</code> method. The cookie is updated every time data is sent to Google Analytics.</td> </tr> </table> <h2 id="customization_3" data-text="Customization">Customization</h2> <p>The following methods can be used to customize how cookies are set:</p> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/gajs/methods/gaJSApiDomainDirectory#_gat.GA_Tracker_._setDomainName"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">_setDomainName</code></a> - Sets the domain to which all cookies will be set.</li> <li><a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/gajs/methods/gaJSApiDomainDirectory#_gat.GA_Tracker_._setCookiePath"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">_setCookiePath</code></a> - Sets the path to which all cookies will be set.</li> <li><a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/gajs/methods/gaJSApiBasicConfiguration#_gat.GA_Tracker_._setVisitorCookieTimeout"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">_setVisitorCookieTimeout</code></a> - Sets the Google Analytics visitor cookie expiration in milliseconds.</li> <li><a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/gajs/methods/gaJSApiBasicConfiguration#_gat.GA_Tracker_._setSessionCookieTimeout"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">_setSessionCookieTimeout</code></a> - Sets the new session cookie timeout in milliseconds.</li> <li><a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/gajs/methods/gaJSApiCampaignTracking#_gat.GA_Tracker_._setCampaignCookieTimeout"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">_setCampaignCookieTimeout</code></a> - Sets the campaign cookie expiration time in milliseconds.</li> <li><a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/gajs/methods/gaJSApiDomainDirectory#_gat.GA_Tracker_._storeGac"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">_storeGac</code></a> - Pass in <code translate="no" dir="ltr">false</code> to disable the GAC cookie. Defaults to <code translate="no" dir="ltr">true</code></li> </ul> <p>Read the <a href="/web/20230530220139/https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/gajs/gaTrackingSite">Tracking Multiple Domains</a> guide to learn how to configure ga.js to measure user interaction across domains.</p> <h2 id="urchinjs_-_cookie_usage" data-text="urchin.js - cookie usage">urchin.js - cookie usage</h2> <p>Historically, Google Analytics provided a JavaScript measurement library named urchin.js. When the newer ga.js library launched, developers were encouraged to migrate to the new library. For sites that have not completed the migration, urchin.js sets cookies identically to what is set in ga.js. Read the <a href="#gajs">ga.js</a> cookie usage section</a> above for more details.</p> <h2 id="google_analytics_for_display_advertisers_-_cookie_usage" data-text="Google Analytics for Display Advertisers - cookie usage">Google Analytics for Display Advertisers - cookie usage</h2> <p>For customers that are using <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230530220139/https://support.google.com/analytics/answer/2700409">Google Analytics' Display Advertiser features</a>, such as <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230530220139/https://support.google.com/analytics/answer/2611268">remarketing</a>, a <em>third-party</em> DoubleClick cookie is used in addition to the other cookies described in this document for just these features. For more information about this cookie, visit the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230530220139/https://policies.google.com/technologies/ads#toc-analytics">Google Advertising Privacy FAQ</a>.</p> <h2 id="content_experiments_-_cookie_usage" data-text="Content Experiments - cookie usage">Content Experiments - cookie usage</h2> <p>For websites using Google Analytics <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230530220139/https://support.google.com/analytics/answer/1745147">content experiments</a>, the following cookies are used for these features in addition to the other cookies described in this document:</p> <table> <tr> <th width="15%">Cookie Name</th> <th>Default expiration time</th> <th>Description</th> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">__utmx</code></td> <td>18 months</td> <td>Used to determine a user's inclusion in an experiment.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">__utmxx</code></td> <td>18 months</td> <td>Used to determine the expiry of experiments a user has been included in.</td> </tr> </table> <h2 id="optimize_-_cookie_usage" data-text="Optimize - cookie usage">Optimize - cookie usage</h2> <p>For websites using <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230530220139/https://support.google.com/optimize/answer/6197440">Optimize</a>, the following cookies are used in addition to the other cookies described in this document:</p> <table> <tr> <th width="15%">Cookie Name</th> <th>Default expiration time</th> <th>Description</th> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">_gaexp</code></td> <td>Depends on the length of the experiment, but typically 90 days. </td> <td>Used to determine a user's inclusion in an experiment and the expiry of experiments a user has been included in.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">_opt_awcid</code></td> <td>24 hours</td> <td>Used for campaigns mapped to Google Ads Customer IDs.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">_opt_awmid</code></td> <td>24 hours</td> <td>Used for campaigns mapped to Google Ads Campaign IDs.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">_opt_awgid</code></td> <td>24 hours</td> <td>Used for campaigns mapped to Google Ads Ad Group IDs</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">_opt_awkid</code></td> <td>24 hours</td> <td>Used for campaigns mapped to Google Ads Criterion IDs</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">_opt_utmc</code></td> <td>24 hours</td> <td>Stores the last <code translate="no" dir="ltr">utm_campaign</code> query parameter.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">_opt_expid</code></td> <td>10 seconds</td> <td>This cookie is created when running a redirect experiment. It stores the experiment ID, the variant ID and the referrer to the page that's being redirected.</td> </tr> </table> <aside class="note"><strong>Note:</strong><span> Optimize is not compatible with ga.js and gtag.js (Google Analytics 4) implementations.</span></aside> </div> <devsite-recommendations display="in-page" hidden yield> </devsite-recommendations> <devsite-thumb-rating position="footer"> </devsite-thumb-rating> <devsite-recommendations id="recommendations-link" yield></devsite-recommendations> </article> <devsite-content-footer class="nocontent"> <p>Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230530220139/https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License</a>, and code samples are licensed under the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230530220139/https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache 2.0 License</a>. 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