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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Electoral history</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Electoral_history-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Electoral history subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Electoral_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Saskatchewan_general_elections,_1929_and_1934" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saskatchewan_general_elections,_1929_and_1934"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Saskatchewan general elections, 1929 and 1934</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saskatchewan_general_elections,_1929_and_1934-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1929_General_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1929_General_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>1929 General election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1929_General_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1934_General_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1934_General_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>1934 General election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1934_General_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saskatchewan_constituency_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saskatchewan_constituency_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Saskatchewan constituency elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saskatchewan_constituency_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1914_By-election:_North_Qu'Appelle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1914_By-election:_North_Qu'Appelle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>1914 By-election: North Qu'Appelle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1914_By-election:_North_Qu'Appelle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1917_General_election:_North_Qu'Appelle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1917_General_election:_North_Qu'Appelle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>1917 General election: North Qu'Appelle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1917_General_election:_North_Qu'Appelle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1921_General_election:_North_Qu'Appelle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1921_General_election:_North_Qu'Appelle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.3</span> <span>1921 General election: North Qu'Appelle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1921_General_election:_North_Qu'Appelle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1922_By-election:_North_Qu'Appelle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1922_By-election:_North_Qu'Appelle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.4</span> <span>1922 By-election: North Qu'Appelle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1922_By-election:_North_Qu'Appelle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1925_General_election:_North_Qu'Appelle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1925_General_election:_North_Qu'Appelle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.5</span> <span>1925 General election: North Qu'Appelle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1925_General_election:_North_Qu'Appelle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1929_General_election:_North_Qu'Appelle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1929_General_election:_North_Qu'Appelle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.6</span> <span>1929 General election: North Qu'Appelle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1929_General_election:_North_Qu'Appelle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1934_General_election:_Melville" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1934_General_election:_Melville"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.7</span> <span>1934 General election: Melville</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1934_General_election:_Melville-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal_constituency_elections,_1936_to_1958" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_constituency_elections,_1936_to_1958"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Federal constituency elections, 1936 to 1958</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_constituency_elections,_1936_to_1958-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1936_By-election:_Assiniboia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1936_By-election:_Assiniboia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>1936 By-election: Assiniboia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1936_By-election:_Assiniboia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1940_General_Election:_Melville" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1940_General_Election:_Melville"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.2</span> <span>1940 General Election: Melville</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1940_General_Election:_Melville-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1945_General_Election:_Melville" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1945_General_Election:_Melville"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.3</span> <span>1945 General Election: Melville</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1945_General_Election:_Melville-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1949_General_Election:_Melville" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1949_General_Election:_Melville"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.4</span> <span>1949 General Election: Melville</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1949_General_Election:_Melville-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1953_General_Election:_Melville" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1953_General_Election:_Melville"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.5</span> <span>1953 General Election: Melville</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1953_General_Election:_Melville-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1957_General_Election:_Melville" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1957_General_Election:_Melville"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.6</span> <span>1957 General Election: Melville</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1957_General_Election:_Melville-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1958_General_Election:_Melville" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1958_General_Election:_Melville"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.7</span> <span>1958 General Election: Melville</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1958_General_Election:_Melville-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Garfield_Gardiner" title="James Garfield Gardiner – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="James Garfield Gardiner" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Garfield_Gardiner" title="James Garfield Gardiner – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="James Garfield Gardiner" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B3_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B1" title="جيمس جارفيلد جاردينر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جيمس جارفيلد جاردينر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4" title="Гардинер, Джеймс Гарфилд – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гардинер, Джеймс Гарфилд" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Джеймс Гарфілд Гардінер – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джеймс Гарфілд Гардінер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q382767#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/James_Garfield_Gardiner" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" 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.infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Honourable" title="The Right Honourable">The Right Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">James Garfield Gardiner</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Privy_Council_for_Canada" title="King's Privy Council for Canada">PC</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Jimmy_Gardiner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Jimmy_Gardiner.jpg/220px-Jimmy_Gardiner.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Jimmy_Gardiner.jpg/330px-Jimmy_Gardiner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Jimmy_Gardiner.jpg/440px-Jimmy_Gardiner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="814" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">4th <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Saskatchewan" title="Premier of Saskatchewan">Premier of Saskatchewan</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />February 26, 1926 – September 9, 1929</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Lieutenant Governor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henry_William_Newlands" title="Henry William Newlands">Henry William Newlands</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Dunning" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles A. Dunning">Charles A. Dunning</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_Thomas_Milton_Anderson" title="James Thomas Milton Anderson">James T.M. Anderson</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />July 19, 1934 – November 1, 1935</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Lieutenant Governor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Edwin_Munroe" title="Hugh Edwin Munroe">Hugh Edwin Munroe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">James T.M. Anderson</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_John_Patterson" title="William John Patterson">William John Patterson</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Saskatchewan" title="Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan">Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan</a> for <a href="/wiki/North_Qu%27Appelle" title="North Qu'Appelle">North Qu'Appelle</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />June 25, 1914 – June 19, 1934</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Archibald_McDonald_(Saskatchewan_politician)" title="John Archibald McDonald (Saskatchewan politician)">John Archibald McDonald</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>District abolished</i></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Saskatchewan" title="Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan">Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan</a> for <a href="/wiki/Melville_(provincial_electoral_district)" title="Melville (provincial electoral district)">Melville</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />June 19, 1934 – November 1, 1935</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>District established</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Walter_Gerrand" title="Ernest Walter Gerrand">Ernest Walter Gerrand</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Parliament">Canadian Parliament</a></span><br />for <a href="/wiki/Assiniboia_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Assiniboia (federal electoral district)">Assiniboia</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 6, 1936 – March 26, 1940</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Robert_McKenzie_(Canadian_politician)" title="Robert McKenzie (Canadian politician)">Robert McKenzie</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Pickard_Tripp" title="Jesse Pickard Tripp">Jesse Pickard Tripp</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Parliament">Canadian Parliament</a></span><br />for <a href="/wiki/Melville_(electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Melville (electoral district)">Melville</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 26, 1940 – March 31, 1958</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Richard_Motherwell" title="William Richard Motherwell">William Richard Motherwell</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_Norris_Ormiston" class="mw-redirect" title="James Norris Ormiston">James Norris Ormiston</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1883-11-30</span>)</span>November 30, 1883<br /><a href="/wiki/South_Huron" title="South Huron">Farhuquar (South Huron), Ontario</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">January 12, 1962<span style="display:none">(1962-01-12)</span> (aged 78)<br /><a href="/wiki/Balcarres,_Saskatchewan" title="Balcarres, Saskatchewan">Balcarres, Saskatchewan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Liberal_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Saskatchewan Liberal Party">Saskatchewan Liberal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political<br />affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Rosetta Jane Gardiner</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1912⁠–⁠1917)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Violet McEwen</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1917⁠–⁠1944)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Isabella (Scott) Christie</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1944⁠–⁠1962)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Farmer" title="Farmer">Farmer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Educator" class="mw-redirect" title="Educator">educator</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nickname</th><td class="infobox-data">Jimmy</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>James Garfield Gardiner</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Privy_Council_for_Canada" title="King's Privy Council for Canada">PC</a></span></span> (30 November 1883 – 12 January 1962) was a <a href="/wiki/Canadians" title="Canadians">Canadian</a> farmer, educator, and politician. He served as the fourth <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Saskatchewan" title="Premier of Saskatchewan">premier of Saskatchewan</a>, and as a minister in the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Canada" title="Cabinet of Canada">Canadian Cabinet</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Garfield_Gardiner&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gardiner was first elected to the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Saskatchewan" title="Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan">Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan</a> in 1914, served as <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Highways_and_Infrastructure_(Saskatchewan)" title="Ministry of Highways and Infrastructure (Saskatchewan)">Minister of Highways</a> (1922–1926) in the government of Premier <a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Dunning" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles A. Dunning">Charles A. Dunning</a> from 1922, and succeeded Dunning as premier in 1926. A highly-partisan Liberal, his government lost its majority in the legislature in the <a href="/wiki/1929_Saskatchewan_general_election" title="1929 Saskatchewan general election">1929 election</a> both from <a href="/wiki/Patronage#Politics" title="Patronage">patronage scandals</a> and partly through an anti-<a href="/wiki/Fransaskois" title="Fransaskois">French</a>, anti-<a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Regina" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Regina">Catholic</a> and anti-<a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Canada#Third_wave,_1890–1920" title="Immigration to Canada">immigrant</a> campaign waged by the <a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan_in_Canada" title="Ku Klux Klan in Canada">Ku Klux Klan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Saskatchewan" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan">Conservative Party</a> had won fewer seats, it was able to defeat the Gardiner government through a <a href="/wiki/Motion_of_no_confidence" title="Motion of no confidence">motion of no confidence</a> and then formed a "co-operative government" with the support of some <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_of_Saskatchewan" title="Progressive Party of Saskatchewan">Progressive Party</a> and independent Members of the Legislative Assembly. </p><p>As <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Saskatchewan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the Opposition (Saskatchewan)">Leader of the Opposition</a>, Gardiner accused <a href="/wiki/James_T.M._Anderson" class="mw-redirect" title="James T.M. Anderson">James Anderson</a>'s Conservative government of bigotry and alleged that it was linked with the Klan.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gardiner defeated Anderson in the <a href="/wiki/1934_Saskatchewan_general_election" title="1934 Saskatchewan general election">1934 election</a> and became premier a second time. In 1935, he was involved in negotiations to end the <a href="/wiki/On-to-Ottawa_Trek" title="On-to-Ottawa Trek">On-to-Ottawa Trek</a> in Regina. </p><p>Gardiner left provincial politics later in 1935 to join the federal cabinet of <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Canada">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Lyon_Mackenzie_King" title="William Lyon Mackenzie King">William Lyon Mackenzie King</a> as <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Agriculture_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Agriculture (Canada)">Minister of Agriculture</a>. He was elected to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons</a> a few months later. Gardiner held the agriculture portfolio for 22 years until the <a href="/wiki/1957_Canadian_federal_election" title="1957 Canadian federal election">1957 federal election</a> resulted the Liberal government bring defeated. Gardiner also served as the first <a href="/wiki/16th_Canadian_Ministry" title="16th Canadian Ministry">Minister of National War Services</a>, during July 12, 1940 – June 10, 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gardiner was a powerful figure in both the King and St. Laurent governments. </p><p>In 1947, he was sworn of the <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Privy Council of the United Kingdom">Imperial Privy Council</a>, which allowed him use of the prenominal honorific <a href="/wiki/The_Right_Honourable" title="The Right Honourable">The Right Honourable</a>. </p><p>Gardiner ran for the leadership of the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal Party of Canada</a> at the <a href="/wiki/1948_Liberal_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="1948 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election">1948 Liberal leadership convention</a> but lost to <a href="/wiki/Louis_St._Laurent" title="Louis St. Laurent">Louis St. Laurent</a>. He remained in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons of Canada</a> until he lost his seat in the <a href="/wiki/1958_Canadian_federal_election" title="1958 Canadian federal election">1958</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Diefenbaker" title="John Diefenbaker">Diefenbaker</a> sweep. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Garfield_Gardiner&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gardiner was married three times: first to Rosetta Jane Gardiner in 1912, then to Violet McEwen in 1917 and finally to Isabella (Scott) Christie in 1944. His son James Wilfrid Gardiner served in the Saskatchewan Legislative Assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His other son, <a href="/wiki/Pilot_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilot Officer">Pilot Officer</a> John Edwin (1919–1942), serving with Number 403 Squadron, <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Royal_Canadian_Air_Force#Second_World_War" title="History of the Royal Canadian Air Force">RCAF</a>, was killed in action while providing air cover and support during the <a href="/wiki/Dieppe_Raid" title="Dieppe Raid">Dieppe Raid</a> on August 19, 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Gardiner family farm was near <a href="/wiki/Lemberg,_Saskatchewan" title="Lemberg, Saskatchewan">Lemberg, Saskatchewan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Garfield_Gardiner&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As premier of Saskatchewan in 1928, Gardiner championed the Saskatchewan Sanitoria and Hospitals Act, the first legislation to provide free hospitalization and treatment for victims of tuberculosis anywhere in North America. It was passed unanimously by the provincial legislature on January 1, 1929, and is probably one of his least-known legacies to Saskatchewan public policy.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As Minister of National War Services during World War II, Gardiner made a way for <a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objector" title="Conscientious objector">conscientious objectors</a> in Canada to perform alternate, non-military service. After a delegation from Canada's Anabaptist <a href="/wiki/Peace_churches" title="Peace churches">peace churches</a> was stymied by deputy ministers, they approached Gardiner directly, where they got a much warmer reception; as Gardiner was a member of the <a href="/wiki/United_Church_of_Canada" title="United Church of Canada">United Church of Canada</a>, which is also theologically committed to global peace. The National War Services Regulations were amended by Parliament on December 24, 1940, to allow for alternate service.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Saskatchewan's <a href="/wiki/Gardiner_Dam" title="Gardiner Dam">Gardiner Dam</a>, declared open on June 21, 1967, is named after him. </p><p>In 2006, the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">CBC</a> agreed to pull the movie <i><a href="/wiki/Prairie_Giant:_The_Tommy_Douglas_Story" class="mw-redirect" title="Prairie Giant: The Tommy Douglas Story">Prairie Giant: The Tommy Douglas Story</a></i> from all broadcasts in response to criticism about its portrayals of Gardiner.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_history">Electoral history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Garfield_Gardiner&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Electoral history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saskatchewan_general_elections,_1929_and_1934"><span id="Saskatchewan_general_elections.2C_1929_and_1934"></span>Saskatchewan general elections, 1929 and 1934</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Garfield_Gardiner&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Saskatchewan general elections, 1929 and 1934"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gardiner led the Liberal Party in two general elections, in 1929 and 1934. The 1929 election resulted in a Conservative <a href="/wiki/Minority_governments_in_Canada" title="Minority governments in Canada">minority government</a>, but Gardiner won the 1934 election with a majority government. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1929_General_election">1929 General election</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Garfield_Gardiner&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1929 General election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For more detailed tables of election results, see <a href="/wiki/1929_Saskatchewan_general_election" title="1929 Saskatchewan general election">1929 Saskatchewan general election</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For information about the 7th Legislature, 1929 to 1934, see <a href="/wiki/7th_Saskatchewan_Legislature" title="7th Saskatchewan Legislature">7th Saskatchewan Legislature</a>.</div> <p>Gardiner had succeeded Dunning as premier in 1926, and led the Liberals into the general election in 1929. Although Gardiner and the Liberals won pluralities in the popular vote and seats in the Assembly, they did not hold a majority. Gardiner chose to face the Assembly in hopes of obtaining sufficient support from some of the opposition members to maintain his government, but he lost a vote on a confidence matter and resigned. He was replaced as premier by James Anderson, whose Conservative Party held the second-greatest number of seats. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><a href="/wiki/1929_Saskatchewan_general_election" title="1929 Saskatchewan general election">Saskatchewan General Election: June 6, 1929</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Party</th> <th>Leaders</th> <th>Seats Won</th> <th>Popular Vote</th> <th>Popular Vote Percentage </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#EA6D6A; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Progress_Party" title="Saskatchewan Progress Party">Liberal</a> </td> <td>James Garfield Gardiner<sup>1</sup></td> <td align="center">28</td> <td align="center">164,487</td> <td align="center">45.56% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#9999FF; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Saskatchewan" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative Party of Saskatchewan">Conservative</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/James_Thomas_Milton_Anderson" title="James Thomas Milton Anderson">James Anderson</a><sup>2</sup></td> <td align="center">24</td> <td align="center">131,550</td> <td align="center">36.44% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#DCDCDC; width: 16px">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician#Canada" title="Independent politician">Independent</a></td> <td align="center">–</td> <td align="center">6</td> <td align="center">32,729</td> <td align="center">9.06% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#66CC00; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_of_Saskatchewan" title="Progressive Party of Saskatchewan">Progressive</a> </td> <td align="center">–</td> <td align="center">5</td> <td align="center">24,988</td> <td align="center">6.92% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#EEBBBB; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal-Labour_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal-Labour (Canada)">Liberal–Labour</a> </td> <td align="center">–</td> <td align="center">0</td> <td align="center">4,181</td> <td align="center">1.16% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#DCDCDC; width: 16px">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Economic_Group_(Saskatchewan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic Group (Saskatchewan)">Economic Group</a></td> <td align="center">–</td> <td align="center">0</td> <td align="center">1,942</td> <td align="center">0.54% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#DCDCDC; width: 16px">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_Liberal" title="Independent Liberal">Independent Liberal</a></td> <td align="center">–</td> <td align="center">0</td> <td align="center">1,160</td> <td align="center">0.32% </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Total</th> <th>63</th> <th>361,037</th> <th>100.00% </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="6"><b>Source:</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.sk.ca/reports-data/election-results/1929-2/">Elections Saskatchewan — Elections Results — 1929</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><sup>1</sup> Premier when election was called; lost confidence motion in the Assembly after the election; resigned as Premier and became <a href="/wiki/List_of_Saskatchewan_Leaders_of_the_Opposition" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Saskatchewan Leaders of the Opposition">Leader of the Opposition</a>.<br /> <sup>2</sup> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Saskatchewan_Leaders_of_the_Opposition" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Saskatchewan Leaders of the Opposition">Co-Leader of the Opposition</a> when the election was called; became Premier after successful non-confidence vote. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1934_General_election">1934 General election</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Garfield_Gardiner&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1934 General election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For more detailed tables of election results, see <a href="/wiki/1934_Saskatchewan_general_election" title="1934 Saskatchewan general election">1934 Saskatchewan general election</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For information about the 8th Legislature, 1934 to 1938, see <a href="/wiki/8th_Saskatchewan_Legislature" title="8th Saskatchewan Legislature">8th Saskatchewan Legislature</a>.</div> <p>Gardiner remained leader of the Liberals and led them into the 1934 election, at the depths of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression_in_Canada" title="Great Depression in Canada">Great Depression</a>. The Liberals won a substantial majority government, taking fifty of the fifty-five seats in the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Saskatchewan" title="Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan">Legislative Assembly</a>. The election was a crushing defeat for the Conservatives under Anderson, who failed to win a single seat. The <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_New_Democratic_Party" title="Saskatchewan New Democratic Party">Farmer-Labour Party</a> won five seats and formed the Opposition. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><a href="/wiki/1934_Saskatchewan_general_election" title="1934 Saskatchewan general election">Saskatchewan General Election: June 19, 1934</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Party</th> <th>Leaders</th> <th>Seats Won</th> <th>Popular Vote</th> <th>Popular Vote Percentage </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#EA6D6A; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Progress_Party" title="Saskatchewan Progress Party">Liberal</a> </td> <td>James Garfield Gardiner<sup>1</sup></td> <td align="center">50</td> <td align="center">206,212</td> <td align="center">48.00% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#EEBBBB; width: 16px">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_New_Democratic_Party" title="Saskatchewan New Democratic Party">Farmer-Labour</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/M._J._Coldwell" title="M. J. Coldwell">M. J. Coldwell</a><sup>2</sup></td> <td align="center">5</td> <td align="center">102,944</td> <td align="center">23.96% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#9999FF; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Saskatchewan" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative Party of Saskatchewan">Conservative</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/James_Thomas_Milton_Anderson" title="James Thomas Milton Anderson">James Anderson</a><sup>3</sup></td> <td align="center">0</td> <td align="center">114,923</td> <td align="center">26.75% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#DCDCDC; width: 16px">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician#Canada" title="Independent politician">Independent</a></td> <td align="center">–</td> <td align="center">0</td> <td align="center">2,949</td> <td align="center">0.69% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#EEBBBB; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Labour_candidates_and_parties_in_Canada" title="Labour candidates and parties in Canada">Labour</a> </td> <td align="center">–</td> <td align="center">0</td> <td align="center">1,420</td> <td align="center">0.33% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#EEBBBB; width: 16px">  </td> <td>United Front</td> <td align="center">–</td> <td align="center">0</td> <td align="center">1,053</td> <td align="center">0.24% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#DCDCDC; width: 16px">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_Liberal" title="Independent Liberal">Independent Liberal</a></td> <td align="center">–</td> <td align="center">0</td> <td align="center">133</td> <td align="center">0.03% </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Total</th> <th>55</th> <th>429,634</th> <th>100.00% </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="6"><b>Source:</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.sk.ca/reports-data/election-results/1934-2/">Elections Saskatchewan — Elections Results — 1934</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><sup>1</sup> Leader of the Opposition when election was called; Premier after the election.<br /> <sup>2</sup> Party leader during the election, but failed to win seat; role as Leader of the Opposition taken by <a href="/wiki/George_Hara_Williams" title="George Hara Williams">George Hara Williams</a><br /> <sup>3</sup> Premier when election was called; lost seat in the election and retired. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saskatchewan_constituency_elections">Saskatchewan constituency elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Garfield_Gardiner&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Saskatchewan constituency elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gardiner stood for election to the Legislative Assembly seven times, once in a by-election and in six general elections. He was elected six times in the constituency of <a href="/wiki/North_Qu%27Appelle" title="North Qu'Appelle">North Qu'Appelle</a>, and the seventh and last election in the constituency of <a href="/wiki/Melville_(provincial_electoral_district)" title="Melville (provincial electoral district)">Melville</a>. He was elected twice by <a href="/wiki/Acclamation#Uncontested_election" title="Acclamation">acclamation</a>, and five times in contested elections.<sup id="cite_ref-sk-ridings_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sk-ridings-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1914_By-election:_North_Qu'Appelle"><span id="1914_By-election:_North_Qu.27Appelle"></span>1914 By-election: North Qu'Appelle</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Garfield_Gardiner&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 1914 By-election: North Qu'Appelle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Provincial <a href="/wiki/By-Election" class="mw-redirect" title="By-Election">By-Election</a>, June 25, 1914: <a href="/wiki/North_Qu%27Appelle" title="North Qu'Appelle">North Qu'Appelle</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Party</th> <th>Candidate</th> <th>Popular Vote</th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#EA6D6A; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Progress_Party" title="Saskatchewan Progress Party">Liberal</a> </td> <td><b>E</b> James Garfield Gardiner</td> <td align="center">1,171</td> <td align="center">56.79% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#9999FF; width: 16px">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Saskatchewan" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative Party of Saskatchewan">Conservative</a></td> <td>William Ernest Read</td> <td align="center">891</td> <td align="center">43.21% </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Total</th> <th>2,062</th> <th>100.00% </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="5"><b>Source:</b> Saskatchewan Archives — Election Results by Electoral Division — North Qu'Appelle<sup id="cite_ref-sk-ridings_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sk-ridings-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>The by-election was called on the resignation of the sitting Conservative member, <a href="/wiki/John_Archibald_McDonald_(Saskatchewan_politician)" title="John Archibald McDonald (Saskatchewan politician)">John Archibald McDonald</a>, who admitted to "corrupt practices" by his agent in the 1912 general election.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>E</b> Elected. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1917_General_election:_North_Qu'Appelle"><span id="1917_General_election:_North_Qu.27Appelle"></span>1917 General election: North Qu'Appelle</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Garfield_Gardiner&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 1917 General election: North Qu'Appelle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><a href="/wiki/1917_Saskatchewan_general_election" title="1917 Saskatchewan general election">Saskatchewan General Election, June 26, 1917</a>: <a href="/wiki/North_Qu%27Appelle" title="North Qu'Appelle">North Qu'Appelle</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Party </th> <th>Candidate</th> <th>Popular Vote</th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#EA6D6A; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Progress_Party" title="Saskatchewan Progress Party">Liberal</a> </td> <td><b>E</b> <b>X</b> James Garfield Gardiner</td> <td align="center">1,827</td> <td align="center">59.49% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#9999FF; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Saskatchewan" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative Party of Saskatchewan">Conservative</a> </td> <td>George Wilson Balfour</td> <td align="center">1,244</td> <td align="center">40.51% </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Total</th> <th>3,071</th> <th>100.00% </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="5"><b>Source:</b> Saskatchewan Archives — Election Results by Electoral Division — North Qu'Appelle<sup id="cite_ref-sk-ridings_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sk-ridings-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>E</b> Elected.<br /> <b>X</b> Incumbent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1921_General_election:_North_Qu'Appelle"><span id="1921_General_election:_North_Qu.27Appelle"></span>1921 General election: North Qu'Appelle</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Garfield_Gardiner&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 1921 General election: North Qu'Appelle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><a href="/wiki/1921_Saskatchewan_general_election" title="1921 Saskatchewan general election">Saskatchewan General Election, June 9, 1921</a>: <a href="/wiki/North_Qu%27Appelle" title="North Qu'Appelle">North Qu'Appelle</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Party </th> <th>Candidate</th> <th>Popular Vote</th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#EA6D6A; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Progress_Party" title="Saskatchewan Progress Party">Liberal</a> </td> <td><b>E</b> <b>X</b> James Garfield Gardiner</td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Acclamation#Uncontested_election" title="Acclamation">Acclaimed</a></td> <td align="center">– </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Total</th> <th>–</th> <th>– </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="5"><b>Source:</b> Saskatchewan Archives — Election Results by Electoral Division — North Qu'Appelle<sup id="cite_ref-sk-ridings_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sk-ridings-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>E</b> Elected.<br /> <b>X</b> Incumbent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1922_By-election:_North_Qu'Appelle"><span id="1922_By-election:_North_Qu.27Appelle"></span>1922 By-election: North Qu'Appelle</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Garfield_Gardiner&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 1922 By-election: North Qu'Appelle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Provincial <a href="/wiki/Office_of_profit#United_Kingdom" title="Office of profit">Ministerial</a> <a href="/wiki/By-Election" class="mw-redirect" title="By-Election">By-Election</a>, June 5, 1922: <a href="/wiki/North_Qu%27Appelle" title="North Qu'Appelle">North Qu'Appelle</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Party</th> <th>Candidate</th> <th>Popular Vote</th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#EA6D6A; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Progress_Party" title="Saskatchewan Progress Party">Liberal</a> </td> <td><b>E</b> <b>X</b> James Garfield Gardiner</td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Acclamation#Uncontested_election" title="Acclamation">Acclaimed</a></td> <td align="center">– </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Total</th> <th>–</th> <th>– </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="5"><b>Source:</b> Saskatchewan Archives — Election Results by Electoral Division — North Qu'Appelle<sup id="cite_ref-sk-ridings_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sk-ridings-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>The by-election was called on Gardiner accepting the position of Minister of Highways in the Cabinet of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Avery_Dunning" title="Charles Avery Dunning">Premier Dunning</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Office_of_profit#United_Kingdom" title="Office of profit">office of profit</a> under the Crown, on April 5, 1922.<br /> <b>E</b> Elected.<br /> <b>X</b> Incumbent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1925_General_election:_North_Qu'Appelle"><span id="1925_General_election:_North_Qu.27Appelle"></span>1925 General election: North Qu'Appelle</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Garfield_Gardiner&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 1925 General election: North Qu'Appelle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><a href="/wiki/1925_Saskatchewan_general_election" title="1925 Saskatchewan general election">Saskatchewan General Election, June 2, 1925</a>: <a href="/wiki/North_Qu%27Appelle" title="North Qu'Appelle">North Qu'Appelle</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Party </th> <th>Candidate</th> <th>Popular Vote</th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#EA6D6A; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Progress_Party" title="Saskatchewan Progress Party">Liberal</a> </td> <td><b>E</b> <b>X</b> James Garfield Gardiner</td> <td align="center">2,370</td> <td align="center">60.71% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#66CC00; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_of_Saskatchewan" title="Progressive Party of Saskatchewan">Progressive</a> </td> <td>Caleb H. Fisher</td> <td align="center">1,534</td> <td align="center">39.29% </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Total</th> <th>3,904</th> <th>100.00% </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="5"><b>Source:</b> Saskatchewan Archives — Election Results by Electoral Division — North Qu'Appelle<sup id="cite_ref-sk-ridings_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sk-ridings-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>E</b> Elected.<br /> <b>X</b> Incumbent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1929_General_election:_North_Qu'Appelle"><span id="1929_General_election:_North_Qu.27Appelle"></span>1929 General election: North Qu'Appelle</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Garfield_Gardiner&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 1929 General election: North Qu'Appelle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><a href="/wiki/1929_Saskatchewan_general_election" title="1929 Saskatchewan general election">Saskatchewan General Election, June 6, 1929</a>: <a href="/wiki/North_Qu%27Appelle" title="North Qu'Appelle">North Qu'Appelle</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Party </th> <th>Candidate</th> <th>Popular Vote</th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#EA6D6A; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Progress_Party" title="Saskatchewan Progress Party">Liberal</a> </td> <td><b>E</b> <b>X</b> James Garfield Gardiner</td> <td align="center">2,752</td> <td align="center">59.79% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#9999FF; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Saskatchewan" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative Party of Saskatchewan">Conservative</a> </td> <td>Walter Weston</td> <td align="center">1,448</td> <td align="center">31.46% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#66CC00; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_of_Saskatchewan" title="Progressive Party of Saskatchewan">Progressive</a> </td> <td>Richard McSweeney</td> <td align="center">403</td> <td align="center">8.75% </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Total</th> <th>4,603</th> <th>100.00% </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="5"><b>Source:</b> Saskatchewan Archives — Election Results by Electoral Division — North Qu'Appelle<sup id="cite_ref-sk-ridings_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sk-ridings-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>E</b> Elected.<br /> <b>X</b> Incumbent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1934_General_election:_Melville">1934 General election: Melville</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Garfield_Gardiner&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 1934 General election: Melville"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><a href="/wiki/1934_Saskatchewan_general_election" title="1934 Saskatchewan general election">Saskatchewan General Election, June 19, 1934</a>: <a href="/wiki/Melville_(provincial_electoral_district)" title="Melville (provincial electoral district)">Melville</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Party </th> <th>Candidate</th> <th>Popular Vote</th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#EA6D6A; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Progress_Party" title="Saskatchewan Progress Party">Liberal</a> </td> <td><b>E</b> <b>X</b> James Garfield Gardiner</td> <td align="center">4,989</td> <td align="center">59.23% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#9999FF; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Saskatchewan" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative Party of Saskatchewan">Conservative</a> </td> <td>Elisha Forest Scharf</td> <td align="center">1,930</td> <td align="center">22.91% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#EEBBBB; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_New_Democratic_Party" title="Saskatchewan New Democratic Party">Farmer–Labour</a> </td> <td>Wilfrid Wass</td> <td align="center">1,504</td> <td align="center">17.86% </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Total</th> <th>8,423</th> <th>100.00% </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="5"><b>Source:</b> Saskatchewan Archives — Election Results by Electoral Division — Melville<sup id="cite_ref-sk-ridings_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sk-ridings-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>E</b> Elected.<br /> <b>X</b> Incumbent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_constituency_elections,_1936_to_1958"><span id="Federal_constituency_elections.2C_1936_to_1958"></span>Federal constituency elections, 1936 to 1958</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Garfield_Gardiner&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Federal constituency elections, 1936 to 1958"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gardiner stood for election to the House of Commons seven times from 1936 to 1958, in two different Saskatchewan ridings (<a href="/wiki/Assiniboia_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Assiniboia (federal electoral district)">Assiniboia</a> originally, and then <a href="/wiki/Melville_(electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Melville (electoral district)">Melville</a> for the next six elections). He was elected six times. After his defeat in the 1958 election, he retired from politics. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1936_By-election:_Assiniboia">1936 By-election: Assiniboia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Garfield_Gardiner&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: 1936 By-election: Assiniboia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Federal By-election, 1936: <a href="/wiki/Assiniboia_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Assiniboia (federal electoral district)">Assiniboia</a>, Saskatchewan </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Party</th> <th>Candidate</th> <th>Popular Vote</th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#EA6D6A; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </td> <td><b>E</b> James Garfield Gardiner</td> <td align="center">7,282</td> <td align="center">66.21% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#EEDDAA; width: 16px">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation" title="Co-operative Commonwealth Federation">Co-operative Commonwealth Federation</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Irvine_(Canadian_politician)" title="William Irvine (Canadian politician)">William Irvine</a></td> <td align="center">3,717</td> <td align="center">33.79% </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" align="center">Total</th> <th align="center">10,999</th> <th align="center">100.00% </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="5"><b>Source:</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lop.parl.ca/sites/ParlInfo/default/en_CA/ElectionsRidings/Ridings/Profile?OrganizationId=662">Library of Parliament: Assiniboia</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>By-election called after the sitting Liberal MP, <a href="/wiki/Robert_McKenzie_(Canadian_politician)" title="Robert McKenzie (Canadian politician)">Robert McKenzie</a>, accepted an office of profit under the Crown on December 9, 1935. </p><p><b>E</b> Elected. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1940_General_Election:_Melville">1940 General Election: Melville</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Garfield_Gardiner&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: 1940 General Election: Melville"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><a href="/wiki/1940_Canadian_federal_election" title="1940 Canadian federal election">Federal Election, 1940</a>: <a href="/wiki/Melville_(electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Melville (electoral district)">Melville</a>, Saskatchewan </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Party </th> <th>Candidate</th> <th>Popular Vote</th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#EA6D6A; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </td> <td><b>E</b> James Garfield Gardiner</td> <td align="center">10,158</td> <td align="center">48.29% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#EEDDAA; width: 16px">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation" title="Co-operative Commonwealth Federation">Co-operative Commonwealth Federation</a></td> <td>Louise Lucas</td> <td align="center">9,042</td> <td align="center">42.98% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#DCDCDC; width: 16px">  </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=National-Unity_(candidate)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National-Unity (candidate) (page does not exist)">National Unity</a></td> <td>Gilbert Henry Bartlett</td> <td align="center">1,837</td> <td align="center">8.73% </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" align="center">Total</th> <th align="center">21,037</th> <th align="center">100.00% </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="5"><b>Source:</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lop.parl.ca/sites/ParlInfo/default/en_CA/ElectionsRidings/Ridings/Profile?OrganizationId=5247">Library of Parliament: Melville</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>E</b> Elected. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1945_General_Election:_Melville">1945 General Election: Melville</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Garfield_Gardiner&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: 1945 General Election: Melville"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><a href="/wiki/1945_Canadian_federal_election" title="1945 Canadian federal election">Federal Election, 1945</a>: <a href="/wiki/Melville_(electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Melville (electoral district)">Melville</a>, Saskatchewan </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Party </th> <th>Candidate</th> <th>Popular Vote</th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#EA6D6A; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </td> <td><b>E</b> <b>X</b> James Garfield Gardiner</td> <td align="center">10,095</td> <td align="center">50.07% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#EEDDAA; width: 16px">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation" title="Co-operative Commonwealth Federation">Co-operative Commonwealth Federation</a></td> <td>Helmer John Benson</td> <td align="center">10,067</td> <td align="center">49.93% </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" align="center">Total</th> <th align="center">20,162</th> <th align="center">100.00% </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="5"><b>Source:</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lop.parl.ca/sites/ParlInfo/default/en_CA/ElectionsRidings/Ridings/Profile?OrganizationId=5247">Library of Parliament: Melville</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>E</b> Elected. <br /> <b>X</b> Incumbent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1949_General_Election:_Melville">1949 General Election: Melville</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Garfield_Gardiner&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: 1949 General Election: Melville"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><a href="/wiki/1949_Canadian_federal_election" title="1949 Canadian federal election">Federal Election, 1949</a>: <a href="/wiki/Melville_(electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Melville (electoral district)">Melville</a>, Saskatchewan </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Party </th> <th>Candidate</th> <th>Popular Vote</th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#EA6D6A; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </td> <td><b>E</b> <b>X</b> James Garfield Gardiner</td> <td align="center">11,120</td> <td align="center">58.61% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#EEDDAA; width: 16px">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation" title="Co-operative Commonwealth Federation">Co-operative Commonwealth Federation</a></td> <td>William James Arthurs</td> <td align="center">6,388</td> <td align="center">33.67% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#9999FF; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">Progressive Conservative</a> </td> <td>Thomas William Drever</td> <td align="center">1,465</td> <td align="center">7.72% </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" align="center">Total</th> <th align="center">18,973</th> <th align="center">100.00% </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="5"><b>Source:</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lop.parl.ca/sites/ParlInfo/default/en_CA/ElectionsRidings/Ridings/Profile?OrganizationId=5247">Library of Parliament: Melville</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>E</b> Elected. <br /> <b>X</b> Incumbent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1953_General_Election:_Melville">1953 General Election: Melville</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Garfield_Gardiner&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: 1953 General Election: Melville"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><a href="/wiki/1953_Canadian_federal_election" title="1953 Canadian federal election">Federal Election, 1953</a>: <a href="/wiki/Melville_(electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Melville (electoral district)">Melville</a>, Saskatchewan </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Party </th> <th>Candidate</th> <th>Popular Vote</th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#EA6D6A; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </td> <td><b>E</b> <b>X</b> James Garfield Gardiner</td> <td align="center">10,024</td> <td align="center">50.02% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#EEDDAA; width: 16px">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation" title="Co-operative Commonwealth Federation">Co-operative Commonwealth Federation</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Percy_Wright" title="Percy Wright">Percy Ellis Wright</a></td> <td align="center">8,092</td> <td align="center">40.38% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#9999FF; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">Progressive Conservative</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/James_Ormiston" title="James Ormiston">James Norris Ormiston</a></td> <td align="center">1,142</td> <td align="center">5.70% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#90EE90; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Social_Credit_Party_of_Canada" title="Social Credit Party of Canada">Social Credit</a> </td> <td>Louis Wendell</td> <td align="center">783</td> <td align="center">3.91% </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" align="center">Total</th> <th align="center">20,041</th> <th align="center">100.01%<sup>1</sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="5"><b>Source:</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lop.parl.ca/sites/ParlInfo/default/en_CA/ElectionsRidings/Ridings/Profile?OrganizationId=5247">Library of Parliament: Melville</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>E</b> Elected.<br /> <b>X</b> Incumbent.<br /> <sup>1</sup> Rounding error. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1957_General_Election:_Melville">1957 General Election: Melville</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Garfield_Gardiner&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: 1957 General Election: Melville"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><a href="/wiki/1957_Canadian_federal_election" title="1957 Canadian federal election">Federal Election, 1957</a>: <a href="/wiki/Melville_(electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Melville (electoral district)">Melville</a>, Saskatchewan </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Party </th> <th>Candidate</th> <th>Popular Vote</th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#EA6D6A; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </td> <td><b>E</b> <b>X</b> James Garfield Gardiner</td> <td align="center">7,949</td> <td align="center">40.63% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#EEDDAA; width: 16px">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation" title="Co-operative Commonwealth Federation">Co-operative Commonwealth Federation</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Burton_(Canadian_politician)" title="John Burton (Canadian politician)">John Burton</a></td> <td align="center">7,590</td> <td align="center">38.80% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#9999FF; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">Progressive Conservative</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/James_Ormiston" title="James Ormiston">James Norris Ormiston</a></td> <td align="center">2,596</td> <td align="center">13.27% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#90EE90; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Social_Credit_Party_of_Canada" title="Social Credit Party of Canada">Social Credit</a> </td> <td>David Mercier</td> <td align="center">1,429</td> <td align="center">7.30% </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" align="center">Total</th> <th align="center">19,564</th> <th align="center">100.00% </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="5"><b>Source:</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lop.parl.ca/sites/ParlInfo/default/en_CA/ElectionsRidings/Ridings/Profile?OrganizationId=5247">Library of Parliament: Melville</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>E</b> Elected. <br /> <b>X</b> Incumbent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1958_General_Election:_Melville">1958 General Election: Melville</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Garfield_Gardiner&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: 1958 General Election: Melville"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><a href="/wiki/1958_Canadian_federal_election" title="1958 Canadian federal election">Federal Election, 1958</a>: <a href="/wiki/Melville_(electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Melville (electoral district)">Melville</a>, Saskatchewan </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Party </th> <th>Candidate</th> <th>Popular Vote</th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#9999FF; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">Progressive Conservative</a> </td> <td><b>E</b> <a href="/wiki/James_Ormiston" title="James Ormiston">James Norris Ormiston</a></td> <td align="center">8,440</td> <td align="center">42.60% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#EEDDAA; width: 16px">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation" title="Co-operative Commonwealth Federation">Co-operative Commonwealth Federation</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Burton_(Canadian_politician)" title="John Burton (Canadian politician)">John Burton</a></td> <td align="center">5,698</td> <td align="center">28.76% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#EA6D6A; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </td> <td><b>X</b> James Garfield Gardiner</td> <td align="center">5,673</td> <td align="center">28.64% </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" align="center">Total</th> <th align="center">19,811</th> <th align="center">100.00% </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="5"><b>Source:</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lop.parl.ca/sites/ParlInfo/default/en_CA/ElectionsRidings/Ridings/Profile?OrganizationId=5247">Library of Parliament: Melville</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>E</b> Elected. <br /> <b>X</b> Incumbent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Garfield_Gardiner&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLatimer2017" class="citation news cs1">Latimer, Kendall (August 18, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/saskatchewan/ku-klux-klan-saskatchewan-history-1.4251309">"KKK history challenges idea Sask. always welcomed newcomers: expert"</a>. <i>CBC Saskatchewan</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+Saskatchewan&rft.atitle=KKK+history+challenges+idea+Sask.+always+welcomed+newcomers%3A+expert&rft.date=2017-08-18&rft.aulast=Latimer&rft.aufirst=Kendall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fsaskatchewan%2Fku-klux-klan-saskatchewan-history-1.4251309&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Garfield+Gardiner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/canadian-viewers-of-hbos-watchmen-should-know-the-kkk-helped-bring-down-a-provincial-government-in-1929-146170">"Canadian viewers of HBO's 'Watchmen' should know the KKK helped bring down a provincial government in 1929"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Conversation_(website)" title="The Conversation (website)">The Conversation</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 2,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Conversation&rft.atitle=Canadian+viewers+of+HBO%27s+%27Watchmen%27+should+know+the+KKK+helped+bring+down+a+provincial+government+in+1929&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fcanadian-viewers-of-hbos-watchmen-should-know-the-kkk-helped-bring-down-a-provincial-government-in-1929-146170&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Garfield+Gardiner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lop.parl.ca/sites/ParlInfo/default/en_CA/People/Profile?personId=6532">"Profile – Gardiner, James Garfield"</a>. <i>Parlinfo</i>. Parliament of Canada<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parlinfo&rft.atitle=Profile+%E2%80%93+Gardiner%2C+James+Garfield&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flop.parl.ca%2Fsites%2FParlInfo%2Fdefault%2Fen_CA%2FPeople%2FProfile%3FpersonId%3D6532&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Garfield+Gardiner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171008130405/http://sain.scaa.sk.ca/collections/index.php/james-g-gardiner-fonds;rad">"James G. Gardiner fonds"</a>. Saskatchewan Archival Information Network. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sain.scaa.sk.ca/collections/index.php/james-g-gardiner-fonds;rad">the original</a> on 2017-10-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-06-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=James+G.+Gardiner+fonds&rft.pub=Saskatchewan+Archival+Information+Network&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsain.scaa.sk.ca%2Fcollections%2Findex.php%2Fjames-g-gardiner-fonds%3Brad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Garfield+Gardiner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://collectionscanada.ca/obj/001056/f2/g/sww-27566-gardiner-john_edwin-j8140.pdf">Pilot Officer John Edwin Gardiner's service file at Library and Archives Canada in Ottawa.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHouston1991" class="citation book cs1">Houston, C. Stuart (1991). <i>RG Ferguson Crusader against Tuberculosis</i>. Toronto: Hannah Institute & Dundurn Press. p. 82.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=RG+Ferguson+Crusader+against+Tuberculosis&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pages=82&rft.pub=Hannah+Institute+%26+Dundurn+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Houston&rft.aufirst=C.+Stuart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Garfield+Gardiner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKriederGoossen1988" class="citation book cs1">Krieder, Robert S.; Goossen, Rachel Waltner (1988). <i>Hungry, Thirsty, a Stranger: The MCC Experience</i>. <a href="/wiki/Scottdale,_Pennsylvania" title="Scottdale, Pennsylvania">Scottdale, Pennsylvania</a>: Herald Press. pp. 61–62. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8361-1299-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8361-1299-7"><bdi>0-8361-1299-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hungry%2C+Thirsty%2C+a+Stranger%3A+The+MCC+Experience&rft.place=Scottdale%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pages=61-62&rft.pub=Herald+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-8361-1299-7&rft.aulast=Krieder&rft.aufirst=Robert+S.&rft.au=Goossen%2C+Rachel+Waltner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Garfield+Gardiner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/saskatchewan/cbc-pulls-tommy-douglas-movie-1.593005">"CBC pulls Tommy Douglas movie"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a></i>. June 12, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=CBC+pulls+Tommy+Douglas+movie&rft.date=2006-06-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fsaskatchewan%2Fcbc-pulls-tommy-douglas-movie-1.593005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Garfield+Gardiner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sk-ridings-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sk-ridings_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sk-ridings_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sk-ridings_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sk-ridings_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sk-ridings_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sk-ridings_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sk-ridings_9-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sk-ridings_9-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://saskarchives.com/sites/default/files/pdf/2019_elections_results_by_electoral_division.pdf">Saskatchewan Archives — Election Results by Electoral Division.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ernest J. Chambers, <i>Canadian Parliamentary Guide</i> (1915).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Garfield_Gardiner&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lop.parl.ca/sites/ParlInfo/default/en_CA/People/Profile?personId=6532">James Garfield Gardiner – Parliament of Canada biography</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/gardiner_james_garfield_1883-_1962.jsp">Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan Entry</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Dunning" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles A. Dunning">Charles A. Dunning</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Leader of the <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Liberal_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Saskatchewan Liberal Party">Liberal Party of Saskatchewan</a> </b><br />1926–1935 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_John_Patterson" title="William John Patterson">William John Patterson</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:SKPremiers" title="Template:SKPremiers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:SKPremiers" title="Template talk:SKPremiers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:SKPremiers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:SKPremiers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Premiers_of_Saskatchewan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Saskatchewan" title="Premier of Saskatchewan">Premiers of Saskatchewan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Walter_Scott" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Walter Scott">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Melville_Martin" title="William Melville Martin">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Avery_Dunning" title="Charles Avery Dunning">Dunning</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gardiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Thomas_Milton_Anderson" title="James Thomas Milton Anderson">Anderson</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gardiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_John_Patterson" title="William John Patterson">Patterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Douglas" title="Tommy Douglas">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Lloyd" title="Woodrow Lloyd">Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Thatcher" title="Ross Thatcher">Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Blakeney" title="Allan Blakeney">Blakeney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_Devine" title="Grant Devine">Devine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Romanow" title="Roy Romanow">Romanow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorne_Calvert" title="Lorne Calvert">Calvert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brad_Wall" title="Brad Wall">Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Moe" title="Scott Moe">Moe</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg/50px-Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg/75px-Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg/100px-Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="992" data-file-height="496" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ministers_of_agriculture" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:CA-Ministers_of_Agriculture" title="Template:CA-Ministers of Agriculture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:CA-Ministers_of_Agriculture" title="Template talk:CA-Ministers of Agriculture"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:CA-Ministers_of_Agriculture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:CA-Ministers of Agriculture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ministers_of_agriculture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Agriculture_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Agriculture (Canada)">Ministers of agriculture</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of agriculture (1867–1995)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Charles_Chapais" title="Jean-Charles Chapais">Chapais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Dunkin" title="Christopher Dunkin">Dunkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Pope" title="John Henry Pope">Pope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luc_Letellier_de_St-Just" title="Luc Letellier de St-Just">Saint-Just</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Burpee" title="Isaac Burpee">Burpee</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Alphonse_Pantal%C3%A9on_Pelletier" title="Charles Alphonse Pantaléon Pelletier">Pelletier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Pope" title="John Henry Pope">Pope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Carling" title="John Carling">Carling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste-R%C3%A9al_Angers" title="Auguste-Réal Angers">Angers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph-Aldric_Ouimet" title="Joseph-Aldric Ouimet">Ouimet</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Humphries_Montague" title="Walter Humphries Montague">Montague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Ferguson_(politician)" title="Donald Ferguson (politician)">Ferguson</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Humphries_Montague" title="Walter Humphries Montague">Montague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Arthur_Fisher" title="Sydney Arthur Fisher">Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Burrell" title="Martin Burrell">Burrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Crerar" title="Thomas Crerar">Crerar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Alexander_Calder" title="James Alexander Calder">Calder</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Fraser_Tolmie" title="Simon Fraser Tolmie">Tolmie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Richard_Motherwell" title="William Richard Motherwell">Motherwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Herbert_Stevens" title="Henry Herbert Stevens">Stevens</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Fraser_Tolmie" title="Simon Fraser Tolmie">Tolmie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Richard_Motherwell" title="William Richard Motherwell">Motherwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Weir_(politician)" title="Robert Weir (politician)">Weir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Crerar" title="Thomas Crerar">Crerar</a> (acting)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gardiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Harkness" title="Douglas Harkness">Harkness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Hamilton" title="Alvin Hamilton">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Hays" title="Harry Hays">Hays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Greene_(Ontario_politician)" title="Joe Greene (Ontario politician)">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bud_Olson" title="Bud Olson">Olson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Whelan" title="Eugene Whelan">Whelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wise_(Ontario)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wise (Ontario)">Wise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Whelan" title="Eugene Whelan">Whelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Ferguson" title="Ralph Ferguson">Ferguson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wise_(Ontario)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wise (Ontario)">Wise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Mazankowski" title="Don Mazankowski">Mazankowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_McKnight" title="Bill McKnight">McKnight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Mayer_(politician)" title="Charles Mayer (politician)">Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Goodale" title="Ralph Goodale">Goodale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of agriculture and agri-food (1995–)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Goodale" title="Ralph Goodale">Goodale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyle_Vanclief" title="Lyle Vanclief">Vanclief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Speller" title="Bob Speller">Speller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Mitchell_(politician)" title="Andy Mitchell (politician)">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Strahl" title="Chuck Strahl">Strahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Ritz" title="Gerry Ritz">Ritz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_MacAulay" title="Lawrence MacAulay">MacAulay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Claude_Bibeau" title="Marie-Claude Bibeau">Bibeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_MacAulay" title="Lawrence MacAulay">MacAulay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Saskatchewan_Progress_Party_(Saskatchewan_Liberal_Party_1905_to_2023)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Saskatchewan_Progress_Party_leaders" title="Template:Saskatchewan Progress Party leaders"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Saskatchewan_Progress_Party_leaders" title="Template talk:Saskatchewan Progress Party leaders"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Saskatchewan_Progress_Party_leaders" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Saskatchewan Progress Party leaders"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Saskatchewan_Progress_Party_(Saskatchewan_Liberal_Party_1905_to_2023)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Progress_Party" title="Saskatchewan Progress Party">Saskatchewan Progress Party</a> (Saskatchewan Liberal Party 1905 to 2023)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Progress_Party#Party_leaders" title="Saskatchewan Progress Party">Party Leaders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Brett" title="Robert Brett">Brett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_H._McDonald" title="Donald H. McDonald">D. McDonald</a> (<a href="/wiki/North-West_Territories_Liberal_Party" title="North-West Territories Liberal Party">NWT</a>) ¤ <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Walter_Scott" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Walter Scott">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Melville_Martin" title="William Melville Martin">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Avery_Dunning" title="Charles Avery Dunning">Dunning</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gardiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_John_Patterson" title="William John Patterson">Patterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Tucker_(Canadian_politician)" title="Walter Tucker (Canadian politician)">Tucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton_McDonald" title="Alexander Hamilton McDonald">A. McDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Thatcher" title="Ross Thatcher">Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Steuart" title="David Steuart">Steuart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Cyril_Malone" title="Edward Cyril Malone">Malone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Goodale" title="Ralph Goodale">Goodale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynda_Haverstock" title="Lynda Haverstock">Haverstock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Osika" title="Ron Osika">Osika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Melenchuk" title="Jim Melenchuk">Melenchuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Karwacki" title="David Karwacki">Karwacki</a></li> <li><i>Proto</i></li> <li>Bater</li> <li><i>Gallagher</i></li> <li>Lamoureux</li> <li><i>Jijian</i></li> <li>Anwar</li> <li><i>Rudachyk</i></li> <li>Walters</li> <li><i>Bruce</i></li> <li><i>Peters</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Progress_Party_leadership_elections" title="Saskatchewan Progress Party leadership elections">Leadership Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1946_Saskatchewan_Liberal_Party_leadership_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1946 Saskatchewan Liberal Party leadership election">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Saskatchewan_Liberal_Party_leadership_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1954 Saskatchewan Liberal Party leadership election">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Saskatchewan_Liberal_Party_leadership_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1959 Saskatchewan Liberal Party leadership election">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Saskatchewan_Liberal_Party_leadership_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1971 Saskatchewan Liberal Party leadership election">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Saskatchewan_Liberal_Party_leadership_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1976 Saskatchewan Liberal Party leadership election">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Saskatchewan_Liberal_Party_leadership_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1989 Saskatchewan Liberal Party leadership election">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Saskatchewan_Liberal_Party_leadership_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1996 Saskatchewan Liberal Party leadership election">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Saskatchewan_Liberal_Party_leadership_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2001 Saskatchewan Liberal Party leadership election">2001</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382767#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382767#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382767#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000073750399">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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