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vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#From_April_2013"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>From April 2013</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-From_April_2013-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-From_November_2016" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#From_November_2016"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>From November 2016</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-From_November_2016-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-From_April_2023" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#From_April_2023"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>From April 2023</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-From_April_2023-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exemptions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">UK welfare policy</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the limit on the benefit that an individual household can claim. For the limit on total government welfare spending, see <a href="/wiki/Welfare_cap" title="Welfare cap">welfare cap</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>benefit cap</b> is a UK welfare policy that limits the amount in state benefits that an individual household can claim per year. It was introduced by the <a href="/wiki/Cameron%E2%80%93Clegg_coalition" title="Cameron–Clegg coalition">Cameron–Clegg coalition</a> government in 2013<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as part of the coalition government's wide-reaching welfare reform agenda which included the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Universal_Credit" title="Universal Credit">Universal Credit</a> and reforms of housing benefit and disability benefits. The government cited wide public support for the measure, despite it being highly controversial.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The benefit cap primarily affects families with children, high rents, or both.<sup id="cite_ref-IFS_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IFS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2024, two-thirds of the families affected by the cap were single-parent families, half of which had a child under five.<sup id="cite_ref-Butler_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Butler-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Two-child_policy" title="Two-child policy">two-child policy</a> restricting child tax credit and universal credit was introduced in 2017. It limits these benefits to the first two children in most households, and is referred to as the "<b>two-child benefit cap</b>".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These two benefit caps form part of a set of three benefits policies designed by the then <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Osborne" title="George Osborne">George Osborne</a>, as part of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_government_austerity_programme" title="United Kingdom government austerity programme">United Kingdom government austerity programme</a>. The third policy, introduced in 2013, was known as the <a href="/wiki/Bedroom_tax" title="Bedroom tax">bedroom tax</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Butler_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Butler-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benefit_cap&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The benefit cap was announced in the October 2010 <a href="/wiki/Spending_Review#2010_Spending_Review" title="Spending Review">Spending Review</a> by the Coalition Government and was made law by the <a href="/wiki/Welfare_Reform_Act_2012" title="Welfare Reform Act 2012">Welfare Reform Act 2012</a>, The Benefit Cap (Housing Benefit) Regulations 2012 and The Universal Credit Regulations 2013. It began roll out in April 2013 and was fully implemented by September 2013. By 2014 a total of 36,471 households were having their payments reduced by the benefit cap, of which 17,102 were in London.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When it was introduced in 2013 it was set at a level of £26,000 per year (£500 per week) which was the average family income in the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-spectator_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spectator-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For single people with no children it was set at £18,200 per year (£350 per week).<sup id="cite_ref-IFS_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IFS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The level of the benefit cap was subsequently lowered following an announcement in the <a href="/wiki/July_2015_United_Kingdom_budget" title="July 2015 United Kingdom budget">July 2015 United Kingdom budget</a>. From Autumn 2016 it was reduced to £20,000 (£13,400 for single adults without children), except in London where it was reduced to £23,000 (£15,410 for single adults without children). This change increased the number of households capped to 60,000. As the level of the cap did not increase over time the number of households affected by it rose, reaching 112,000 in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-IFS_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IFS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2023 the benefit cap was increased for the first time since its introduction. The limits were raised by 10.1%, the same percentage as for inflation-linked social security benefits for that year.<sup id="cite_ref-HoC_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HoC-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/November_2023_United_Kingdom_autumn_statement" title="November 2023 United Kingdom autumn statement">2023 autumn statement</a> presented by <a href="/wiki/HM_Treasury" title="HM Treasury">HM Treasury</a> it was announced that, although inflation-linked social security benefits would rise by 6.7% in 2024, the benefit cap would not be raised in that year.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Policy">Policy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benefit_cap&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cap_on_household_benefits">Cap on household benefits</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benefit_cap&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cap on household benefits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Iain_Duncan_Smith" title="Iain Duncan Smith">Iain Duncan Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Work_and_Pensions" title="Secretary of State for Work and Pensions">Secretary of State for Work and Pensions</a>, the principle behind the household benefit cap is that "people who are on benefits should not be earning more than those, for example, on average earnings".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Affected benefits: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bereavement_benefit" class="mw-redirect" title="Bereavement benefit">Bereavement Allowance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_Benefit" class="mw-redirect" title="Child Benefit">Child Benefit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_Tax_Credit" class="mw-redirect" title="Child Tax Credit">Child Tax Credit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment_and_Support_Allowance" title="Employment and Support Allowance">Employment and Support Allowance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_Benefit" title="Housing Benefit">Housing Benefit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incapacity_Benefit" title="Incapacity Benefit">Incapacity Benefit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_Support" title="Income Support">Income Support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jobseeker%27s_Allowance" title="Jobseeker's Allowance">Jobseeker's Allowance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maternity_Allowance" title="Maternity Allowance">Maternity Allowance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severe_Disablement_Allowance" title="Severe Disablement Allowance">Severe Disablement Allowance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Widowed_Parent%27s_Allowance" title="Widowed Parent's Allowance">Widowed Parent's Allowance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Credit" title="Universal Credit">Universal Credit</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Amounts">Amounts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benefit_cap&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Amounts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following are the total benefits that individual households are limited to.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="From_April_2013">From April 2013</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benefit_cap&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: From April 2013"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th>Annual</th> <th>Weekly </th></tr> <tr> <td>Main rate</td> <td>£26,000</td> <td>£500 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Single person rate</td> <td>£18,200</td> <td>£350 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="From_November_2016">From November 2016</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benefit_cap&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: From November 2016"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>London</th> <th>Annual</th> <th>Weekly </th></tr> <tr> <td>Main rate</td> <td>£23,000</td> <td>£442.31 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Single person rate</td> <td>£15,410</td> <td>£296.35 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Outside London</th> <th>Annual</th> <th>Weekly </th></tr> <tr> <td>Main rate</td> <td>£20,000</td> <td>£384.62 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Single person rate</td> <td>£13,400</td> <td>£257.69 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="From_April_2023">From April 2023</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benefit_cap&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: From April 2023"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>London</th> <th>Annual</th> <th>Weekly </th></tr> <tr> <td>Main rate</td> <td>£25,323</td> <td>£486.98 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Single person rate</td> <td>£16,967</td> <td>£326.29 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Outside London</th> <th>Annual</th> <th>Weekly </th></tr> <tr> <td>Main rate</td> <td>£22,020</td> <td>£423.46 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Single person rate</td> <td>£14,753</td> <td>£283.71 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exemptions">Exemptions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benefit_cap&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Exemptions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The initial regulations provided an exemption from the benefit cap for those who received <a href="/wiki/Disability_Living_Allowance" title="Disability Living Allowance">Disability Living Allowance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-disabilityrightsuk2_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-disabilityrightsuk2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those who work enough hours to claim <a href="/wiki/Working_tax_credit" class="mw-redirect" title="Working tax credit">working tax credits</a> are not subject to the benefit cap.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Northern_Ireland">Northern Ireland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benefit_cap&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Northern Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The benefit cap in Northern Ireland is set at the "Outside London" rates, and families with children can apply for Supplementary Payments to reduce its impact.<sup id="cite_ref-HoC_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HoC-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Positions_of_political_parties">Positions of political parties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benefit_cap&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Positions of political parties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conservatives">Conservatives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benefit_cap&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Conservatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a> supported the benefit cap which was announced by George Osborne at the 2010 Conservative Party conference.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Labour">Labour</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benefit_cap&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Labour"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2012 the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> expressed support for a regional cap on benefits rather than a national one without expressing a view on where the cap should be set and without stating whether the cap should be higher in London, where rents are highest.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc2_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015 the Labour Party leader <a href="/wiki/Harriet_Harman" title="Harriet Harman">Harriet Harman</a> ordered Labour MPs to abstain during the House of Commons vote on the <a href="/wiki/Welfare_Reform_and_Work_Act_2016" title="Welfare Reform and Work Act 2016">Welfare Reform and Work Act 2016</a>, which reduced the benefit cap. Forty-eight of them rebelled and voted against the bill, including the future Shadow Chancellor <a href="/wiki/John_McDonnell" title="John McDonnell">John McDonnell</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-independent_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-independent-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party remained divided on the issue, and in 2023 the party leader, Keir Starmer, ruled out scrapping the two-child limit. Following their victory in the <a href="/wiki/2024_UK_general_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 UK general election">2024 UK general election</a>, the Labour Party said that it would not scrap the two-child limit until fiscal conditions allow. The <a href="/wiki/Resolution_Foundation" title="Resolution Foundation">Resolution Foundation</a> has said that abolishing the two-child limit would cost the government between £2.5 billion and £3.6 billion during the financial year 2024–25, and the charity <a href="/wiki/Save_the_Children" title="Save the Children">Save the Children</a> has estimated that doing so would take half a million children out of <a href="/wiki/Relative_poverty" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative poverty">relative poverty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liberal_Democrats">Liberal Democrats</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benefit_cap&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Liberal Democrats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">The Liberal Democrats</a> supported the introduction of the benefit cap but a notable rebel was <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Teather" title="Sarah Teather">Sarah Teather</a> MP, a former <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Children_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister for Children (United Kingdom)">Minister for Children and Families</a> in the coalition government, who described the policy as "immoral and divisive" and voted against it in the House of Commons.<sup id="cite_ref-newstatesman2_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newstatesman2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Liberal Democrats in their <a href="/wiki/2024_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2024 United Kingdom general election">2024 general election</a> campaigning said they would abolish the two-child benefit cap if elected to government.<sup id="cite_ref-nolsoe_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nolsoe-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Green_Party">Green Party</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benefit_cap&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Green Party"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_England_and_Wales" title="Green Party of England and Wales">Green Party</a> has said that it would abolish the two-child benefit cap.<sup id="cite_ref-nolsoe_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nolsoe-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reform_UK">Reform UK</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benefit_cap&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Reform UK"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Reform_UK" title="Reform UK">Reform UK</a> has said that it would abolish the two-child benefit cap.<sup id="cite_ref-nolsoe_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nolsoe-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_opinion">Public opinion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benefit_cap&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Public opinion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Opinion polling showed strong support for the benefit cap.<sup id="cite_ref-spectator_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spectator-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A poll carried out in July 2013 showed that 73% supported the policy and only 12% opposed the policy.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impact">Impact</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benefit_cap&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Concern was expressed that the 2016 reduction in the cap would seriously increase poverty and homelessness among affected families and would affect over 300,000 children. Research by the <a href="/wiki/Chartered_Institute_of_Housing" title="Chartered Institute of Housing">Chartered Institute of Housing</a> (CIH) indicated that the number of families affected would be higher than the government expected and warned that continuing the policy would make <a href="/wiki/Theresa_May" title="Theresa May">Theresa May</a>’s promise of a “society fairer for families” harder to achieve. Terrie Alafat of the CIH feared that many families could face poverty following a redundancy or ill health. She said: “This could have a severe impact on these families, make housing in large sections of the country unaffordable and risk worsening what is already a growing homelessness problem”. Imran Hussain of the <a href="/wiki/Child_Poverty_Action_Group" title="Child Poverty Action Group">Child Poverty Action Group</a> said: “A lower benefit cap is crueller and more damaging for children".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once the reduction had come into force, fears were expressed that children's life chances would be affected.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the benefit cap was introduced in 2013 the Coalition Government predicted that it would reduce public expenditure by £225 million by April 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Half of those affected by the benefit cap between 2013 and 2016 lived in London where rents are 61% higher than the national average.<sup id="cite_ref-newstatesman_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newstatesman-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Research by the housing charity <a href="/wiki/Shelter_(charity)" title="Shelter (charity)">Shelter</a> in 2015 indicated that the reduction of the benefit cap in 2016 could affect at least 100,000 households, primarily in Southern England, and the charity expressed concerns that those affected might be subjected to <a href="/wiki/Homelessness" title="Homelessness">homelessness</a> and <a href="/wiki/Poverty" title="Poverty">poverty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017 the <a href="/wiki/UK_Council_for_Psychotherapy" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Council for Psychotherapy">UK Council for Psychotherapy</a> said that benefit cuts and sanctions were "having a toxic impact on mental health". Rates of severe anxiety and depression among unemployed people increased from 10.1% in June 2013 to 15.2% in March 2017. In the general population the increase was from 3.4% to 4.1%.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Statistics published by the <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Work_and_Pensions" title="Department for Work and Pensions">Department for Work and Pensions</a> (DWP) indicated that by 2018, 70% of the households that had been subject to the cap were no longer subject to it, amounting to 54,000 households. In that year independent research was published examining 10,000 benefit-capped households. It estimated that the policy had increased the likelihood of moving into work by 21%. However, only 37% of those no longer subject to the cap had become so due to a higher income. For every child affected by the cap whose parents had moved back into work, eight others were living in worse financial circumstances. Over half of those households subject to the cap remained so for six months or more, and two-thirds of those experienced a shortfall between their monthly income and estimated costs. Overall the average gap between rent and housing benefit for families affected by the cap was £3,750 a year. A study of <a href="/wiki/Council_tenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Council tenant">council tenants</a> in England affected by the cap indicated that they were two-thirds more likely to be in rent arrears than other tenants claiming housing benefits, and that 28% of all households affected by the cap were receiving a <a href="/wiki/Discretionary_housing_payment" class="mw-redirect" title="Discretionary housing payment">discretionary housing payment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Analysis of DWP figures published in November 2018 carried out by the Labour Party indicated that single women with one or more dependent children made up over 85% of the householders who had their benefits capped (114,337 of the total 134,044). Overall 120,297 single claimant women had their benefits capped, compared with 13,743 single claimant men.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A study published in 2023, which was funded by the <a href="/wiki/Nuffield_Foundation" title="Nuffield Foundation">Nuffield Foundation</a> and carried out by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_York" title="University of York">University of York</a>, indicted that the benefit cap, in conjunction with the country's <a href="/wiki/Two-child_policy#United_Kingdom" title="Two-child policy">two-child policy</a>, had contributed to rising levels of <a href="/wiki/Child_poverty" title="Child poverty">child poverty</a> in the 2010s.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2024 study by the <a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a> found that the benefit cap typically traps people in poor quality privately rented housing, increasing their levels of poverty, and that it fails to persuade them to gain employment or move to cheaper housing as they usually already live in the cheapest homes in the local area. In consequence, the study says, they often have to use everyday living expenses to cover rental costs, leaving them without adequate clothing and reliant on <a href="/wiki/Food_bank" title="Food bank">food banks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Butler_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Butler-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_challenges">Legal challenges</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benefit_cap&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Legal challenges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The benefit cap has been the subject of a number of legal challenges. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2015">2015</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benefit_cap&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: 2015"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first attempt at a test case of the benefit cap was made in 2013 during the policy's pilot in four London boroughs. Permission was given for a judicial review of the policy on behalf of a number of families, two of the claims involving victims of domestic abuse. Papers submitted to the court suggested that these two families would have to choose between "risking losing their homes, or returning to their abusers in order to escape the imposition of the cap."<sup id="cite_ref-theguardian_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theguardian-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 2013 the High Court dismissed the claim for the judicial review.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015 the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Supreme Court of the United Kingdom">Supreme Court</a> issued judgement on the case, <i><a href="/wiki/R_(on_the_application_of_SG_and_others)_v_Secretary_of_State_for_Work_and_Pensions" title="R (on the application of SG and others) v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions">R (on the application of SG and others) v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions</a></i>, concerning an argument made on behalf of the two lone mothers that the benefit cap was discriminatory and unfair. The court ruled by a 3–2 majority verdict that the benefit cap was lawful but three of the five judges concluded that the benefit cap breached the United Nations <a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child" title="Convention on the Rights of the Child">Convention on the Rights of the Child</a>, to which the UK is a signatory. Supreme Court judge <a href="/wiki/Robert_Carnwath,_Lord_Carnwath_of_Notting_Hill" title="Robert Carnwath, Lord Carnwath of Notting Hill">Lord Carnwath</a> recommended that the government review the policy. Deputy president of the court, <a href="/wiki/Brenda_Hale,_Baroness_Hale_of_Richmond" title="Brenda Hale, Baroness Hale of Richmond">Lady Hale</a>, said that: "claimants affected by the cap will, by definition, not receive the sums of money which the state deems necessary for them adequately to house, feed, clothe and warm themselves and their children." In reaction to the judgment the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Work_and_Pensions" title="Secretary of State for Work and Pensions">work and pensions secretary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iain_Duncan_Smith" title="Iain Duncan Smith">Iain Duncan Smith</a>, said: "I am delighted that the country’s highest court has agreed with this government and overwhelming public opinion that the benefit cap is right and fair".<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also in 2015, the benefit cap was the subject of a successful legal challenge on the grounds that it unlawfully discriminated against disabled people and their carers.<sup id="cite_ref-disabilityrightsuk2_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-disabilityrightsuk2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016 <a href="/wiki/David_Freud,_Baron_Freud" title="David Freud, Baron Freud">Lord Freud</a> announced the government's intention to exempt those in receipt of <a href="/wiki/Carer%27s_Allowance" title="Carer's Allowance">Carer's Allowance</a> from the benefit cap, in response to the High Court ruling.<sup id="cite_ref-disabilityrightsuk_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-disabilityrightsuk-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2019">2019</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benefit_cap&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: 2019"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Supreme Court rejected a subsequent legal challenge made by lone parents who argued that the benefit cap discriminated generally against women, who make up most of the population of single parents, and specifically against lone parents with young children. The court held by a majority of 5–2 that the discriminatory effects are justified.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reaction">Reaction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benefit_cap&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Reaction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Critical">Critical</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benefit_cap&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Critical"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Writing about the benefit cap in 2013, <a href="/wiki/George_Eaton_(journalist)" title="George Eaton (journalist)">George Eaton</a> argued in the <i><a href="/wiki/New_Statesman" title="New Statesman">New Statesman</a></i> magazine that "the cap is less a serious act of policy than a political weapon designed to trap Labour on the wrong side of the argument". Eaton cited a <a href="/wiki/YouGov" title="YouGov">YouGov</a> poll published earlier that year, which found that 79% of people, including 71% of Labour voters, supported the benefit cap, while 12% opposed it.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same year <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> newspaper argued that, because the benefit cap applied regardless of family size, larger families were likely to be disproportionately affected.<sup id="cite_ref-theguardian_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theguardian-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> And also in 2013, <a href="/wiki/The_Children%27s_Society" title="The Children's Society">The Children's Society</a> estimated that 140,000 children (1.04% of children in the UK) and 60,000 adults would be affected by the measure.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Positive">Positive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benefit_cap&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Positive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some critics argued that the initial level at which the benefit cap was set was too high. Conservative MPs <a href="/wiki/David_Ruffley" title="David Ruffley">David Ruffley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brooks_Newmark" title="Brooks Newmark">Brooks Newmark</a> argued for the benefit cap to be set at £20,000.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benefit_cap&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Poverty in the United Kingdom">Poverty in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_government_austerity_programme" title="United Kingdom government austerity programme">United Kingdom government austerity programme</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benefit_cap&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-bbc-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bbc_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-26065080">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Thousands' hit by government benefit cap now in work"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 6 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=%27Thousands%27+hit+by+government+benefit+cap+now+in+work&rft.date=2014-02-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fbusiness-26065080&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenefit+cap" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedyWilsonApostolovaKeen2016" class="citation report cs1">Kennedy, Steven; Wilson, Wendy; Apostolova, Vyara; Keen, Richard (21 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/sn06294/">The Benefit Cap</a> (Report). 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London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Lower+benefit+caps+%27will+exclude+poor+families+from+large+parts+of+England%27&rft.date=2015-07-20&rft.au=Patrick+Butler&rft.au=George+Arnett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fsociety%2F2015%2Fjul%2F20%2Flower-benefit-caps-exclude-poor-families-make-cities-unaffordable&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenefit+cap" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/health/cuts-mental-health-unemployed-rise-government-welfare-reforms-blamed-a7841941.html">"Government welfare cuts blamed for 50% surge in mental health issues among unemployed"</a>. Independent. 17 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Government+welfare+cuts+blamed+for+50%25+surge+in+mental+health+issues+among+unemployed&rft.date=2017-07-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fhealth%2Fcuts-mental-health-unemployed-rise-government-welfare-reforms-blamed-a7841941.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenefit+cap" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Savage2018" class="citation news cs1">Michael Savage (3 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/society/2018/nov/03/benefit-cap-leaves-poor-families-with-mounting-debt-study-shows">"Benefit cap leaves poor families with mounting debt, study shows"</a>. <i>The Observer</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Observer&rft.atitle=Benefit+cap+leaves+poor+families+with+mounting+debt%2C+study+shows&rft.date=2018-11-03&rft.au=Michael+Savage&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fsociety%2F2018%2Fnov%2F03%2Fbenefit-cap-leaves-poor-families-with-mounting-debt-study-shows&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenefit+cap" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRajeev_Syal2019" class="citation news cs1">Rajeev Syal (4 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/society/2019/jan/04/benefit-cap-single-mothers-make-up-85percent-of-those-affected-data-shows">"Benefit cap: single mothers make up 85% of those affected, data shows"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Benefit+cap%3A+single+mothers+make+up+85%25+of+those+affected%2C+data+shows&rft.date=2019-01-04&rft.au=Rajeev+Syal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fsociety%2F2019%2Fjan%2F04%2Fbenefit-cap-single-mothers-make-up-85percent-of-those-affected-data-shows&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenefit+cap" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.york.ac.uk/news-and-events/news/2023/research/two-child-limit-and-benefit-cap-fail-to-meet-aims/">"Two-child limit and the benefit cap fail to meet their own aims, study concludes"</a>. <i>University of York</i>. 17 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=University+of+York&rft.atitle=Two-child+limit+and+the+benefit+cap+fail+to+meet+their+own+aims%2C+study+concludes&rft.date=2023-07-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.york.ac.uk%2Fnews-and-events%2Fnews%2F2023%2Fresearch%2Ftwo-child-limit-and-benefit-cap-fail-to-meet-aims%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenefit+cap" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-theguardian-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-theguardian_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-theguardian_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOwen_BowcottAmelia_Gentleman2013" class="citation news cs1">Owen Bowcott; Amelia Gentleman (23 May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/society/2013/may/23/benefits-cap-catastrophic-effect-families">"Benefits cap will have catastrophic effect on families, court will hear"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. theguardian.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Benefits+cap+will+have+catastrophic+effect+on+families%2C+court+will+hear&rft.date=2013-05-23&rft.au=Owen+Bowcott&rft.au=Amelia+Gentleman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fsociety%2F2013%2Fmay%2F23%2Fbenefits-cap-catastrophic-effect-families&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenefit+cap" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatrick_Butler2013" class="citation news cs1">Patrick Butler (5 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/society/2013/nov/05/benefits-cap-high-court-rejects-challenge">"Single mothers lose benefits cap legal battle"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Single+mothers+lose+benefits+cap+legal+battle&rft.date=2013-11-05&rft.au=Patrick+Butler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fsociety%2F2013%2Fnov%2F05%2Fbenefits-cap-high-court-rejects-challenge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenefit+cap" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatrick_Butler2015" class="citation news cs1">Patrick Butler (18 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/society/2015/mar/18/uk-benefit-cap-is-lawful-supreme-court-rules">"UK benefits cap is lawful but breaches UN children's rights obligations"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=UK+benefits+cap+is+lawful+but+breaches+UN+children%27s+rights+obligations&rft.date=2015-03-18&rft.au=Patrick+Butler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fsociety%2F2015%2Fmar%2F18%2Fuk-benefit-cap-is-lawful-supreme-court-rules&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenefit+cap" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-disabilityrightsuk-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-disabilityrightsuk_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.disabilityrightsuk.org/news/2016/january/carers-allowance-recipients-be-exempt-benefit-cap">"Carers Allowance recipients to be exempt from benefit cap"</a>. Disability Rights UK. 26 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Carers+Allowance+recipients+to+be+exempt+from+benefit+cap&rft.pub=Disability+Rights+UK&rft.date=2016-01-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.disabilityrightsuk.org%2Fnews%2F2016%2Fjanuary%2Fcarers-allowance-recipients-be-exempt-benefit-cap&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenefit+cap" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpencer2019" class="citation web cs1">Spencer, Michael (12 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ukhumanrightsblog.com/2019/06/12/supreme-court-capping-benefits-does-not-breach-human-rights-of-children/">"Supreme Court: capping benefits does not breach human rights of children"</a>. <i>UK Human Rights Blog</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UK+Human+Rights+Blog&rft.atitle=Supreme+Court%3A+capping+benefits+does+not+breach+human+rights+of+children&rft.date=2019-06-12&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fukhumanrightsblog.com%2F2019%2F06%2F12%2Fsupreme-court-capping-benefits-does-not-breach-human-rights-of-children%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenefit+cap" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge_Eaton2013" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Eaton_(journalist)" title="George Eaton (journalist)">George Eaton</a> (23 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newstatesman.com/politics/2013/10/benefit-cap-isnt-working-poor-was-never-aim">"The benefit cap isn't working for the poor, but that was never the aim"</a>. <i>New Statesman</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Statesman&rft.atitle=The+benefit+cap+isn%27t+working+for+the+poor%2C+but+that+was+never+the+aim&rft.date=2013-10-23&rft.au=George+Eaton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newstatesman.com%2Fpolitics%2F2013%2F10%2Fbenefit-cap-isnt-working-poor-was-never-aim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenefit+cap" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.childrenssociety.org.uk/news-and-blogs/press-release/benefit-cap-blunt-instrument">"The benefit cap is 'a blunt instrument'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> (Press release). The Children's Society. 15 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+benefit+cap+is+%27a+blunt+instrument%27&rft.pub=The+Children%27s+Society&rft.date=2013-04-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.childrenssociety.org.uk%2Fnews-and-blogs%2Fpress-release%2Fbenefit-cap-blunt-instrument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenefit+cap" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benefit_cap&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/benefit-cap">UK Government's benefit cap page</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Welfare_reform_in_the_United_Kingdom_(2010-Present)" title="Template:Welfare reform in the United Kingdom (2010-Present)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Welfare_reform_in_the_United_Kingdom_(2010-Present)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Welfare reform in the United Kingdom (2010-Present) (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Welfare_reform_in_the_United_Kingdom_(2010-Present)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Welfare reform in the United Kingdom (2010-Present)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Welfare_reform_in_the_United_Kingdom_(2010-Present)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Welfare reform in the United Kingdom (2010-Present)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Under-occupancy_penalty" class="mw-redirect" title="Under-occupancy penalty">Under-occupancy penalty/Bedroom Tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Credit" title="Universal Credit">Universal Credit</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Benefit cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_cap" title="Welfare cap">Welfare cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pay_to_Stay" title="Pay to Stay">Pay to Stay</a></li> <li>Localisation of <a href="/wiki/Council_Tax_Support" class="mw-redirect" title="Council Tax Support">Council Tax Support</a></li> <li>Reform of <a href="/wiki/Personal_Independence_Payment" title="Personal Independence Payment">Personal Independence Payment</a></li> <li>Reform of <a href="/wiki/Employment_Support_Allowance" class="mw-redirect" title="Employment Support Allowance">Employment Support Allowance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work_Programme" title="Work Programme">Work Programme</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help_to_Work" title="Help to Work">Help to Work</a></li> <li>Reform of <a href="/wiki/Support_for_Mortgage_Interest" title="Support for Mortgage Interest">Support for Mortgage Interest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_Reform_Act_2012" title="Welfare Reform Act 2012">Welfare Reform Act 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_Reform_and_Work_Act_2016" title="Welfare Reform and Work Act 2016">Welfare Reform and Work Act 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_and_Planning_Act_2016" title="Housing and Planning Act 2016">Housing and Planning Act 2016</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benefit_cap&oldid=1257779286">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benefit_cap&oldid=1257779286</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Welfare_Reform_Act_2012" title="Category:Welfare Reform Act 2012">Welfare Reform Act 2012</a></li><li><a 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