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data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Watch</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Copper&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><p><b>Operation Copper</b> was carried out by the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> <a href="/wiki/Commando" title="Commando">commando</a> unit <a href="/wiki/Z_Special_Unit" title="Z Special Unit">Z Special Unit</a>, during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. The objective of the mission was to investigate the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Japanese">Japanese</a> defences on <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muschu_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muschu Island (page does not exist)">Muschu Island</a>, capture a Japanese officer for interrogation and discover the location of two naval guns on the island that covered the approaches to <a href="/wiki/Wewak" title="Wewak">Wewak Harbour</a>. Eight commandos were landed as part of the operation; only one survived. </p><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Operation Copper</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AWM_P03953_004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/AWM_P03953_004.jpg/300px-AWM_P03953_004.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/AWM_P03953_004.jpg/450px-AWM_P03953_004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/AWM_P03953_004.jpg/600px-AWM_P03953_004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11811" data-file-height="7863"></a></span><br>Four of the crew members of Motor Launch (ML) 1321 and NX73110 Sapper (Spr) Edgar Thomas 'Mick' Dennis, Z Special Unit, the only survivor of the ill-fated raid on Muschu Island (off the coast of New Guinea), at Brisbane dockyard; May 1945</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>11 April 1945</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location">Muschu Island, <a href="/wiki/Territory_of_New_Guinea" title="Territory of New Guinea">Territory of New Guinea</a></div><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Operation_Copper&params=3_25_0_S_143_34_59_E_type:event"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">3°25′0″S</span> <span class="longitude">143°34′59″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">3.41667°S 143.58306°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-3.41667; 143.58306</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Japanese victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Z_Special_Unit" title="Z Special Unit">Z Special Unit</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army.svg/23px-War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army.svg/35px-War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army.svg/46px-War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Imperial Japanese Army</a><br><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Naval_Ensign_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Naval_Ensign_of_Japan.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Naval_Ensign_of_Japan.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Naval_Ensign_of_Japan.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy" title="Imperial Japanese Navy">Imperial Japanese Navy</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> </td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> Captain Kiyoshisa Noto<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 8</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> Roughly 1000<sup id="cite_ref-Dennis65_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dennis65-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%"> 7</td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Background"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Background</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Operation"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Operation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Aftermath"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Aftermath</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Recovery_of_remains"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Recovery of remains</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Film"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Film</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Copper&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kairiru_%26_Muschu_(Landsat).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Kairiru_%26_Muschu_%28Landsat%29.JPG/220px-Kairiru_%26_Muschu_%28Landsat%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="212" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="619" data-file-height="597"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 212px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Kairiru_%26_Muschu_%28Landsat%29.JPG/220px-Kairiru_%26_Muschu_%28Landsat%29.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="212" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Kairiru_%26_Muschu_%28Landsat%29.JPG/330px-Kairiru_%26_Muschu_%28Landsat%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Kairiru_%26_Muschu_%28Landsat%29.JPG/440px-Kairiru_%26_Muschu_%28Landsat%29.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Satellite image of Kairiru & Muschu Islands</figcaption></figure><p>Operation Copper was one of the last Z Special operations in <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a>. The unit's mission was to paddle ashore and <a href="/wiki/Amphibious_reconnaissance" title="Amphibious reconnaissance">reconnoitre</a> the island to determine the status of Japanese defences and validate reports that two 140 mm long-range naval guns were still in position. Intelligence suggested that these weapons were back in service and could prove dangerous during the forthcoming <a href="/wiki/Aitape%E2%80%93Wewak_campaign" title="Aitape–Wewak campaign">invasion of Wewak</a>, as they had sufficient range to fire into the proposed landing areas and, while they would not stop the Australian invasion, they could cause significant casualties.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Operation">Operation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Copper&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Operation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>On the night of 11 April 1945, eight men were dropped off near Muschu Island with four Hoehn military <a href="/wiki/Folding_kayak" title="Folding kayak">folboats (collapsible canoes)</a> by <a href="/wiki/HMAS_HDML_1321" title="HMAS HDML 1321">HMAS <i>HDML 1321</i></a> <a href="/wiki/Harbour_Defence_Motor_Launch" class="mw-redirect" title="Harbour Defence Motor Launch">patrol boat</a>. The eight commandos were Special Lieutenant Alan Robert Gubbay, Lieutenant Thomas Joseph Barnes, Sergeant Malcolm Francis Max Weber, Lance Corporal Spencer Henry Walklate, Signaller Michael Scott Hagger, Signaller John Richard Chandler, Private Ronald Edward Eagleton, Sapper Edgar Thomas 'Mick' Dennis. </p><p>Caught by unexpected currents, the four folboats were pushed south of their landing area and came ashore amid a <a href="/wiki/Surf_break" title="Surf break">surf break</a>. All boats were swamped and some items of equipment were lost, but they got ashore and harboured up until morning.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At daybreak they commenced their reconnaissance of the island, soon encountering Japanese who, unbeknownst to them, had found equipment that was washed ashore further along the island. Thus alerted, the island became a hunting ground, with almost 1,000 Japanese searching for the patrol.<sup id="cite_ref-Dennis65_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dennis65-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Attempts to communicate by radio with the HDML patrol boat failed, as their radios had been swamped and the batteries ruined.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Copper&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Aftermath" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>Of the eight men, only one survived. <a href="/wiki/Sapper" title="Sapper">Sapper</a> Mick Dennis, an experienced commando who had previously fought the Japanese in New Guinea in several significant engagements, escaped after fighting his way through Japanese patrols.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He swam the channel to Wewak (a distance of over 3 km) while being pursued by the Japanese and made his way through enemy territory to eventually meet up with an Australian patrol on 20 April.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The information he returned with proved vital to keeping the guns out of action and in preventing the Japanese from using the island as a launching point for attacks against the Australian forces during the Wewak landings a month later.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Recovery_of_remains">Recovery of remains</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Copper&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Recovery of remains" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>In 2010 and 2013, expeditions to Muschu Island were conducted by MIA Australia (Missing In Action), leading to the discovery of the remains of four of the Z Special Commandos lost on the Muschu raid.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 12 June 2014, the remains of former St George first grade rugby league player, Lance Corporal Spencer Henry Walklate, and Private Ronald Eagleton, were laid to rest with full military honours at the <a href="/wiki/Port_Moresby_(Bomana)_War_Cemetery" title="Port Moresby (Bomana) War Cemetery">Bomana War Cemetery</a> just outside Port Moresby. The other five men from Operation <i>Copper</i> are buried at the Lae War Cemetery.<sup id="cite_ref-buried_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-buried-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Copper&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pacificwrecks.com/people/veterans/z-force/gubbay/index.html">"Lt Alan Robert Gubbay A.I.F. "Z" Special Unit (Z Force)"</a>. Pacificwrecks.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lt+Alan+Robert+Gubbay+A.I.F.+%22Z%22+Special+Unit+%28Z+Force%29&rft.pub=Pacificwrecks.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpacificwrecks.com%2Fpeople%2Fveterans%2Fz-force%2Fgubbay%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Copper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dennis65-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dennis65_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dennis65_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dennis 2006, pp. 65–67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dennis 2006, p. 58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dennis 2006, pp. 61–64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dennis 2006, p. 70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dennis 2006, pp. 179–183.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dennis 2006, p. 226.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dennis 2006, pp. 233–234.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcPhedran2013" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ian_McPhedran" title="Ian McPhedran">McPhedran, Ian</a> (18 May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160112084614/http://www.news.com.au/national/exclusive-remains-thought-to-be-lost-diggers/story-fncynjr2-1226645600966">"Remains found in PNG thought to be those of lost Australian soldiers"</a>. <i>News.com.au</i>. News Limited Network. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.com.au/national-news/exclusive-remains-thought-to-be-lost-diggers/story-fncynjr2-1226645600966">the original</a> on 12 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News.com.au&rft.atitle=Remains+found+in+PNG+thought+to+be+those+of+lost+Australian+soldiers&rft.date=2013-05-18&rft.aulast=McPhedran&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.com.au%2Fnational-news%2Fexclusive-remains-thought-to-be-lost-diggers%2Fstory-fncynjr2-1226645600966&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Copper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-buried-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-buried_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140327090736/http://www.news.com.au/national/wwii-soldiers-spencer-henry-walklate-and-ronald-eagleton-to-be-buried/story-fncynjr2-1226834243919">"WWII soldiers' Spencer Henry Walklate and Ronald Eagleton to be buried"</a>. <i>News.com.au</i>. 22 February 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.com.au/national/wwii-soldiers-spencer-henry-walklate-and-ronald-eagleton-to-be-buried/story-fncynjr2-1226834243919">the original</a> on 27 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=News.com.au&rft.atitle=WWII+soldiers%27+Spencer+Henry+Walklate+and+Ronald+Eagleton+to+be+buried&rft.date=2014-02-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.com.au%2Fnational%2Fwwii-soldiers-spencer-henry-walklate-and-ronald-eagleton-to-be-buried%2Fstory-fncynjr2-1226834243919&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Copper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Copper&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDennis2006" class="citation book cs1">Dennis, Don (2006). <i>The Guns of Muschu</i>. Sydney, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74114-878-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74114-878-7"><bdi>978-1-74114-878-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Guns+of+Muschu&rft.place=Sydney%2C+New+South+Wales&rft.pub=Allen+%26+Unwin&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-74114-878-7&rft.aulast=Dennis&rft.aufirst=Don&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Copper" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Copper&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoehn2011" class="citation book cs1">Hoehn, John (2011). <i>Commando Kayak: The Role of the Folboat in the Pacific War</i>. Zurich, Switzerland: Hirsch Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-033-01717-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-033-01717-7"><bdi>978-3-033-01717-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Commando+Kayak%3A+The+Role+of+the+Folboat+in+the+Pacific+War&rft.place=Zurich%2C+Switzerland&rft.pub=Hirsch+Publishing&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-3-033-01717-7&rft.aulast=Hoehn&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Copper" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Film">Film</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Copper&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Film" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <p>A film based on Don Dennis' book 'The Guns of Muschu' was announced to be in development on April 24th 2024, with a screenplay written by Tom Broadhurst and Jack Brislee to be directed by Matthew Holmes.<sup id="cite_ref-buried_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-buried-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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