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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_laws_about_inheritance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_laws_about_inheritance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Religious laws about inheritance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Religious_laws_about_inheritance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Religious laws about inheritance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Religious_laws_about_inheritance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Jewish_laws" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jewish_laws"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Jewish laws</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jewish_laws-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christian_laws" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christian_laws"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Christian laws</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christian_laws-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islamic_laws" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islamic_laws"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Islamic laws</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islamic_laws-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inequality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inequality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Inequality</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Inequality-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Inequality subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Inequality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Social_stratification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_stratification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Social stratification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_stratification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sociological_and_economic_effects_of_inheritance_inequality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sociological_and_economic_effects_of_inheritance_inequality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Sociological and economic effects of inheritance inequality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sociological_and_economic_effects_of_inheritance_inequality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dynastic_wealth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dynastic_wealth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Dynastic wealth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dynastic_wealth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soviet_response_to_inheritance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soviet_response_to_inheritance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Soviet response to inheritance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soviet_response_to_inheritance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taxation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Taxation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taxation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Inheritance</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 75 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-75" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">75 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erfenis" title="Erfenis – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Erfenis" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B1%D8%AB" title="إرث – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إرث" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herencio" title="Herencio – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Herencio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C9%99r%C9%99s%C9%99lik" title="Vərəsəlik – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vərəsəlik" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%AB" title="ایرث – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایرث" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%AB_%D1%85%D0%BE%D2%A1%D1%83%D2%93%D1%8B" title="Мираҫ хоҡуғы – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мираҫ хоҡуғы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Спадчына (права) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Спадчына (права)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Наследяване – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Наследяване" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%AArezh" title="Hêrezh – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Hêrezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%B1" title="Үб – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Үб" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Her%C3%A8ncia" title="Herència – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Herència" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%C4%95%C3%A7-%D0%B8%D1%80%C4%95%D0%BA)" title="Еткер (тивĕç-ирĕк) – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Еткер (тивĕç-ирĕк)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poz%C5%AFstalost" title="Pozůstalost – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pozůstalost" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kugara_Nhaka" title="Kugara Nhaka – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Kugara Nhaka" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etifeddiaeth" title="Etifeddiaeth – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Etifeddiaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arv" title="Arv – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Arv" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbschaft" title="Erbschaft – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Erbschaft" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A4rand" title="Pärand – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pärand" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herencia_(Derecho)" title="Herencia (Derecho) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Herencia (Derecho)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heredo_(juro)" title="Heredo (juro) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Heredo (juro)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaraunsletza" title="Jaraunsletza – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jaraunsletza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AB" title="ارث – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ارث" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A9ritage_(droit)" title="Héritage (droit) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Héritage (droit)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neilittenskip" title="Neilittenskip – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Neilittenskip" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herdanza" title="Herdanza – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Herdanza" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%81%EC%86%8D" title="상속 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="상속" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gado_a_Musulunci" title="Gado a Musulunci – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Gado a Musulunci" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BA%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D6%84" title="Ժառանգման իրավունք – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ժառանգման իրավունք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="उत्तराधिकार – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उत्तराधिकार" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrimonio" title="Patrimonio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Patrimonio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hukum_waris" title="Hukum waris – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hukum waris" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arfur" title="Arfur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Arfur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eredit%C3%A0" title="Eredità – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Eredità" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%94" title="ירושה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ירושה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%89%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A7%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0" title="ಉತ್ತರಾಧಿಕಾರ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಉತ್ತರಾಧಿಕಾರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D2%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA_%D2%9B%D2%B1%D2%9B%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Мұрагерлік құқық – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мұрагерлік құқық" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urithi" title="Urithi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Urithi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Мурас – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мурас" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hereditas" title="Hereditas – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hereditas" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantojums" title="Mantojums – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mantojums" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paveld%C4%97jimas" title="Paveldėjimas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Paveldėjimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96r%C3%B6kl%C3%A9s" title="Öröklés – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Öröklés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pewarisan" title="Pewarisan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pewarisan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hukum_warih" title="Hukum warih – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Hukum warih" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nalatenschap_(algemeen)" title="Nalatenschap (algemeen) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nalatenschap (algemeen)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E7%B6%9A" title="相続 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="相続" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arv" title="Arv – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Arv" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arv" title="Arv – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Arv" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meros" title="Meros – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Meros" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1" title="وراثت دا اسلامی تصور – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="وراثت دا اسلامی تصور" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spadek" title="Spadek – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Spadek" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heran%C3%A7a" title="Herança – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Herança" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%C8%99tenire" title="Moștenire – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Moștenire" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saqina" title="Saqina – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Saqina" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Наследование (право) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Наследование (право)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redit%C3%A0" title="Redità – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Redità" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inheritance" title="Inheritance – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Inheritance" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedi%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Dediščina – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Dediščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="میراتبەری – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="میراتبەری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Наследно право – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Наследно право" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faro%27idh" title="Faro'idh – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Faro'idh" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perint%C3%B6" title="Perintö – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Perintö" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arv" title="Arv – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Arv" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%81" title="มรดก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มรดก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D1%81" title="Ирс – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ирс" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veraset" title="Veraset – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Veraset" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Спадкування – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Спадкування" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%AA_%DA%A9%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1" title="وراثت کا اسلامی تصور – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="وراثت کا اسلامی تصور" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%ABa_k%E1%BA%BF" title="Thừa kế – 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Practice of passing on property upon the death of individuals</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about passing on of property or other rights or obligations after a person's death. For inheritance of genes, see <a href="/wiki/Heredity" title="Heredity">heredity</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Inheritance_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Inheritance (disambiguation)">Inheritance (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Heir" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Heir_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Heir (disambiguation)">Heir (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Hogarth_-_A_Rake%27s_Progress_-_Plate_1_-_The_Young_Heir_Takes_Possession_Of_The_Miser%27s_Effects.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/William_Hogarth_-_A_Rake%27s_Progress_-_Plate_1_-_The_Young_Heir_Takes_Possession_Of_The_Miser%27s_Effects.jpg/300px-William_Hogarth_-_A_Rake%27s_Progress_-_Plate_1_-_The_Young_Heir_Takes_Possession_Of_The_Miser%27s_Effects.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/William_Hogarth_-_A_Rake%27s_Progress_-_Plate_1_-_The_Young_Heir_Takes_Possession_Of_The_Miser%27s_Effects.jpg/450px-William_Hogarth_-_A_Rake%27s_Progress_-_Plate_1_-_The_Young_Heir_Takes_Possession_Of_The_Miser%27s_Effects.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/William_Hogarth_-_A_Rake%27s_Progress_-_Plate_1_-_The_Young_Heir_Takes_Possession_Of_The_Miser%27s_Effects.jpg/600px-William_Hogarth_-_A_Rake%27s_Progress_-_Plate_1_-_The_Young_Heir_Takes_Possession_Of_The_Miser%27s_Effects.jpg 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="560" /></a><figcaption>From <a href="/wiki/William_Hogarth" title="William Hogarth">William Hogarth</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/A_Rake%27s_Progress" title="A Rake's Progress">A Rake's Progress</a></i>. "The Young Heir Takes Possession Of The Miser's Effects".</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Inheritance</b> is the practice of receiving <a href="/wiki/Private_property" title="Private property">private property</a>, <a href="/wiki/Title_(property)" title="Title (property)">titles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Debt" title="Debt">debts</a>, entitlements, <a href="/wiki/Privilege_(law)" title="Privilege (law)">privileges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rights" title="Rights">rights</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Law_of_obligations" title="Law of obligations">obligations</a> upon the <a href="/wiki/Death" title="Death">death</a> of an <a href="/wiki/Individual" title="Individual">individual</a>. The rules of inheritance differ among societies and have changed over time. Officially <a href="/wiki/Bequest" class="mw-redirect" title="Bequest">bequeathing</a> private property and/or debts can be performed by a <a href="/wiki/Testator" title="Testator">testator</a> via <a href="/wiki/Will_(law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Will (law)">will</a>, as attested by a <a href="/wiki/Notary" title="Notary">notary</a> or by other lawful means. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inheritance&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In law, an "heir" (<small><abbr title="feminine form"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">FEM:</span></span></abbr></small> heiress) is a person who is entitled to receive a share of property from a <a href="/wiki/Decedent" class="mw-redirect" title="Decedent">decedent</a> (a person who died), subject to the rules of inheritance in the <a href="/wiki/Jurisdiction" title="Jurisdiction">jurisdiction</a> where the decedent was a citizen, or where the decedent died or owned property at the time of death. </p><p>The inheritance may be either under the terms of a will or by <a href="/wiki/Intestate" class="mw-redirect" title="Intestate">intestate</a> laws if the deceased had no will. However, the will must comply with the laws of the jurisdiction at the time it was created or it will be declared invalid (for example, some states do not recognise <a href="/wiki/Holographic_will" title="Holographic will">handwritten wills</a> as valid, or only in specific circumstances) and the intestate laws then apply. </p><p>The exclusion from inheritance of a person who was an heir in a previous will, or would otherwise be expected to inherit, is termed "disinheritance". </p><p>A person does not become an heir before the death of the deceased, since the exact identity of the persons entitled to inherit is determined only then. Members of ruling noble or royal houses who are expected to become heirs are called <a href="/wiki/Heir_apparent" title="Heir apparent">heirs apparent</a> if first in line and incapable of being displaced from inheriting by another claim; otherwise, they are <a href="/wiki/Heir_presumptive" title="Heir presumptive">heirs presumptive</a>. There is a further concept of joint inheritance, pending renunciation by all but one, which is called <a href="/wiki/Co-parceners" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-parceners">coparceny</a>. </p><p>In modern law, the terms <i>inheritance</i> and <i>heir</i> refer exclusively to succession to property by descent from a deceased dying <a href="/wiki/Intestacy" title="Intestacy">intestate</a>. Takers in property succeeded to under a will are termed generally <i><a href="/wiki/Beneficiary" title="Beneficiary">beneficiaries</a>,</i> and specifically <i>devises</i> for <a href="/wiki/Real_property" title="Real property">real property</a>, <i>bequests</i> for <a href="/wiki/Personal_property" title="Personal property">personal property</a> (except money), or <i>legatees</i> for money. </p><p>Except in some jurisdictions where a person cannot be legally disinherited (such as the United States state of <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>, which allows disinheritance only under specifically enumerated circumstances<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), a person who would be an heir under intestate laws may be disinherited completely under the terms of a will (an example is that of the will of comedian <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Lewis" title="Jerry Lewis">Jerry Lewis</a>; his will specifically disinherited his six children by his first wife, and their descendants, leaving his entire estate to his second wife). </p><p>Inheritance has been compared to <a href="/wiki/Nepotism" title="Nepotism">nepotism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-e543_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e543-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inheritance&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Historical_inheritance_systems" title="Historical inheritance systems">Historical inheritance systems</a></div> <p>Detailed <a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">anthropological</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sociology" title="Sociology">sociological</a> studies have been made about customs of patrimonial inheritance, where only male children can inherit. Some cultures also employ <a href="/wiki/Matrilineal" class="mw-redirect" title="Matrilineal">matrilineal</a> succession, where property can only pass along the female line, most commonly going to the sister's sons of the decedent; but also, in some societies, from the mother to her daughters. Some ancient societies and most modern states employ egalitarian inheritance, without discrimination based on gender and/or birth order. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_laws_about_inheritance">Religious laws about inheritance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inheritance&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Religious laws about inheritance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jewish_laws">Jewish laws</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inheritance&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Jewish laws"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The inheritance is patrimonial. The father —that is, the owner of the land— bequeaths only to his male descendants, so the Promised Land passes from one Jewish father to his sons. According to the <a href="/wiki/Law_of_Moses" title="Law of Moses">Law of Moses</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Firstborn_(Judaism)" title="Firstborn (Judaism)">firstborn son</a> was entitled to receive twice as much of his father's inheritance as the other sons (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0521.htm#15">Deuteronomy 21:15–17</a>). </p><p>If there were no living sons and no descendants of any previously living sons, daughters inherit. In Numbers 27, the five <a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_Zelophehad" title="Daughters of Zelophehad">daughters of Zelophehad</a> come to Moses and ask for their father's inheritance, as they have no brothers.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The order of inheritance is set out: a man's sons inherit first, daughters if no sons, brothers if he has no children, and so on.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later, in Numbers 36, some of the heads of the families of the tribe of Manasseh come to Moses and point out that, if a daughter inherits and then marries a man not from her paternal tribe, her land will pass from her birth-tribe's inheritance into her marriage-tribe's. So a further rule is laid down: if a daughter inherits land, she must marry someone within her father's tribe.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (The daughters of Zelophehad marry the sons' of their father's brothers. There is no indication that this was not their choice.) </p><p>The laws of Jewish inheritance are discussed in the <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the <a href="/wiki/Mishneh_Torah" title="Mishneh Torah">Mishneh Torah</a><sup id="cite_ref-chabad.org_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chabad.org-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by <a href="/wiki/Saadiah_ben_Joseph" title="Saadiah ben Joseph">Saadiah ben Joseph</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> among other sources. All these sources agree that the firstborn son is entitled to a double portion of his father's estate.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This means that, for example, if a father left five sons, the firstborn receives a third of the estate and each of the other four receives a sixth. If he left nine sons, the firstborn receives a fifth and each of the other eight receive a tenth.<sup id="cite_ref-chabad.org_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chabad.org-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If the eldest surviving son is not the firstborn son, he is not entitled to the double portion. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Philo_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Philo of Alexandria">Philo of Alexandria</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also comment on the <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> laws of inheritance, praising them above other law codes of their time. They also agreed that the firstborn son must receive a double portion of his father's estate. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christian_laws">Christian laws</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inheritance&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Christian laws"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At first, Christianity did not have its own inheritance traditions distinct from Judaism. With the accession of <a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Emperor Constantine</a> in 306, Christians both began to distance themselves from Judaism and to have influence on the law and practices of secular institutions. From the beginning, this included inheritance. The Roman practice of <a href="/wiki/Adoption_in_ancient_Rome" title="Adoption in ancient Rome">adoption</a> was a specific target, because it was perceived to be in conflict with the Judeo-Christian doctrine of <a href="/wiki/Primogeniture" title="Primogeniture">primogeniture</a>. As Stephanie Coontz documents in <i>Marriage, a History</i> (Penguin, 2006), not only succession but the whole constellation of rights and practices that included marriage, adoption, legitimacy, consanguinity, and inheritance changed in Western Europe from a Greco-Roman model to a Judeo-Christian pattern, based on Biblical and traditional Judeo-Christian principles. The transformation was essentially complete in the Middle Ages, although in English-speaking countries there was additional development under the influence of <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Protestantism</a>. Even when Europe became secularized and Christianity faded into the background, the legal foundation Christendom had laid remained. Only in the era of modern jurisprudence have there been significant changes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islamic_laws">Islamic laws</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inheritance&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Islamic laws"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Islamic_inheritance_jurisprudence" title="Islamic inheritance jurisprudence">Islamic inheritance jurisprudence</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> introduced a number of different rights and restrictions on matters of inheritance, including general improvements to the treatment of women and family life compared to the pre-Islamic societies that existed in the Arabian Peninsula at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-EI2_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, the Quran introduced additional heirs that were not entitled to inheritance in pre-Islamic times, mentioning nine relatives specifically of which six were female and three were male. However, the inheritance rights of women remained inferior to those of men because in Islam someone always has a responsibility of looking after a woman's expenses. According to <a href="/wiki/Quran_4:11" class="mw-redirect" title="Quran 4:11">Quran 4:11</a>, for example, a son is entitled to twice as much inheritance as a daughter.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Quran also presented efforts to fix the laws of inheritance, and thus forming a complete legal system. This development was in contrast to pre-Islamic societies where rules of inheritance varied considerably.<sup id="cite_ref-EI2_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to the above changes, the Quran imposed restrictions on <a href="/wiki/Testamentary" class="mw-redirect" title="Testamentary">testamentary</a> powers of a <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> in disposing his or her property. Three verses of the Quran, 4:11, 4:12 and 4:176, give specific details of inheritance and shares, in addition to few other verses dealing with testamentary.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But this information was used as a starting point by Muslim jurists who expounded the laws of inheritance even further using <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a>, as well as methods of juristic reasoning like <a href="/wiki/Qiyas" title="Qiyas">Qiyas</a>. Nowadays, inheritance is considered an integral part of <a href="/wiki/Sharia_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharia law">Sharia law</a> and its application for Muslims is mandatory, though many peoples (see <a href="/wiki/Historical_inheritance_systems" title="Historical inheritance systems">Historical inheritance systems</a>), despite being Muslim, have other inheritance customs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Inequality">Inequality</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inheritance&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Inequality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Inheritance_by_amount_and_distribution_received_and_action_taken_with_inheritances_in_Great_Britain_between_2008_and_2010.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Inheritance_by_amount_and_distribution_received_and_action_taken_with_inheritances_in_Great_Britain_between_2008_and_2010.png/220px-Inheritance_by_amount_and_distribution_received_and_action_taken_with_inheritances_in_Great_Britain_between_2008_and_2010.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="828" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Inheritance_by_amount_and_distribution_received_and_action_taken_with_inheritances_in_Great_Britain_between_2008_and_2010.png/330px-Inheritance_by_amount_and_distribution_received_and_action_taken_with_inheritances_in_Great_Britain_between_2008_and_2010.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Inheritance_by_amount_and_distribution_received_and_action_taken_with_inheritances_in_Great_Britain_between_2008_and_2010.png/440px-Inheritance_by_amount_and_distribution_received_and_action_taken_with_inheritances_in_Great_Britain_between_2008_and_2010.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="2633" /></a><figcaption>Inheritance by amount and distribution received and action taken with inheritances in Great Britain between 2008 and 2010</figcaption></figure> <p>The distribution of the inherited wealth has varied greatly among different cultures and legal traditions. In nations using <a href="/wiki/Civil_law_(legal_system)" title="Civil law (legal system)">civil law</a>, for example, the right of children to inherit wealth from parents in pre-defined ratios is enshrined in law,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as far back as the <a href="/wiki/Code_of_Hammurabi" title="Code of Hammurabi">Code of Hammurabi</a> (ca. 1750 BC).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the US State of Louisiana, the only US state where the legal system is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Code" title="Napoleonic Code">Napoleonic Code</a>, this system is known as "<a href="/wiki/Forced_heirship" title="Forced heirship">forced heirship</a>" which prohibits disinheritance of adult children except for a few narrowly-defined reasons that a parent is obligated to prove.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other legal traditions, particularly in nations using <a href="/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">common law</a>, allow inheritances to be divided however one wishes, or to disinherit any child for any reason. </p><p>In cases of unequal inheritance, the majority might receive a small amount while the minority inherits a larger amount. The amount of inheritance is often far less than the value of a business initially given to the son, especially when a son takes over a thriving multimillion-dollar business, yet the daughter is given the balance of the actual inheritance amounting to far less than the value of the business that was initially given to the son. This is especially seen in old world cultures, but continues in many families to this day.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Arguments for eliminating forced heirship include the right to property and the merit of individual allocation of capital over government wealth confiscation and redistribution, but this does not resolve what some<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (January 2018)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> describe as the problem of unequal inheritance. In terms of inheritance inequality, some economists and sociologists focus on the inter generational transmission of income or wealth which is said to have a direct impact on one's mobility (or immobility) and class position in society. Nations differ on the political structure and policy options that govern the transfer of wealth.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the American federal government statistics compiled by Mark Zandi in 1985, the average US inheritance was $39,000. In subsequent years, the overall amount of total annual inheritance more than doubled, reaching nearly $200 billion. By 2050, there will be an estimated $25 trillion inheritance transmitted across generations.<sup id="cite_ref-Marable_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marable-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some researchers have attributed this rise to the <a href="/wiki/Baby_boomer" class="mw-redirect" title="Baby boomer">baby boomer</a> generation. Historically, the baby boomers were the largest influx of children conceived after WW2. For this reason, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Shapiro" title="Thomas Shapiro">Thomas Shapiro</a> suggests that this generation "is in the midst of benefiting from the greatest inheritance of wealth in history".<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inherited wealth may help explain why many Americans who have become rich may have had a "substantial head start".<sup id="cite_ref-Salon-20140324_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salon-20140324-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ECO-20140318_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECO-20140318-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2012, according to the <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Policy_Studies" title="Institute for Policy Studies">Institute for Policy Studies</a>, "over 60 percent" of the <a href="/wiki/Forbes_400" title="Forbes 400">Forbes richest 400 Americans</a> "grew up in substantial privilege", and often (but not always) received substantial inheritances.<sup id="cite_ref-OW-20120924_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OW-20120924-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other research has shown that many inheritances, large or small, are rapidly squandered.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, analysis shows that over two-thirds of high-wealth families lose their wealth within two generations, and almost 80% of high-wealth parents "feel the next generation is not financially responsible enough to handle inheritance".<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_stratification">Social stratification</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inheritance&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Social stratification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It has been argued that inheritance plays a significant effect on <a href="/wiki/Social_stratification" title="Social stratification">social stratification</a>. Inheritance is an integral component of family, economic, and legal institutions, and a basic mechanism of <a href="/wiki/Class_stratification" title="Class stratification">class stratification</a>. It also affects the <a href="/wiki/Distribution_of_wealth" title="Distribution of wealth">distribution of wealth</a> at the societal level. The total cumulative effect of inheritance on stratification outcomes takes three forms, according to scholars who have examined the subject. </p><p>The first form of inheritance is the inheritance of <a href="/wiki/Cultural_capital" title="Cultural capital">cultural capital</a> (i.e. linguistic styles, higher status social circles, and aesthetic preferences).<sup id="cite_ref-Edited_by_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edited_by-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second form of inheritance is through familial interventions in the form of <i>inter vivos</i> transfers (i.e. gifts between the living), especially at crucial junctures in the life courses. Examples include during a child's milestone stages, such as going to college, getting married, getting a job, and purchasing a home.<sup id="cite_ref-Edited_by_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edited_by-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The third form of inheritance is the transfers of bulk estates at the time of death of the testators, thus resulting in significant economic advantage accruing to children during their adult years.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The origin of the stability of inequalities is material (personal possessions one is able to obtain) and is also cultural, rooted either in varying child-rearing practices that are geared to socialization according to social class and economic position. Child-rearing practices among those who inherit wealth may center around favoring some groups at the expense of others at the bottom of the <a href="/wiki/Social_hierarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Social hierarchy">social hierarchy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sociological_and_economic_effects_of_inheritance_inequality">Sociological and economic effects of inheritance inequality</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inheritance&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Sociological and economic effects of inheritance inequality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is further argued that the degree to which economic status and inheritance is transmitted across generations determines one's life chances in society. Although many have linked one's social origins and educational attainment to life chances and opportunities, education cannot serve as the most influential predictor of <a href="/wiki/Economic_mobility" title="Economic mobility">economic mobility</a>. In fact, children of well-off parents generally receive better schooling and benefit from material, cultural, and genetic inheritances.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Likewise, schooling attainment is often persistent across generations and families with higher amounts of inheritance are able to acquire and transmit higher amounts of <a href="/wiki/Human_capital" title="Human capital">human capital</a>. Lower amounts of human capital and inheritance can perpetuate inequality in the housing market and higher education. Research reveals that inheritance plays an important role in the accumulation of housing wealth. Those who receive an inheritance are more likely to own a home than those who do not regardless of the size of the inheritance.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Often, racial or religious minorities and individuals from socially disadvantaged backgrounds receive less inheritance and wealth.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> As a result, mixed races might be excluded in inheritance privilege and are more likely to rent homes or live in poorer neighborhoods, as well as achieve lower educational attainment compared with whites in America. Individuals with a substantial amount of wealth and inheritance often intermarry with others of the same social class to protect their wealth and ensure the continuous transmission of inheritance across generations; thus perpetuating a cycle of privilege.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Nations with the highest <a href="/wiki/Income_inequality" class="mw-redirect" title="Income inequality">income</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wealth_inequalities" class="mw-redirect" title="Wealth inequalities">wealth inequalities</a> often have the highest rates of homicide and disease (such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension) which results in high mortality rates.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i> article reveals that the U.S. is the world's wealthiest nation, but "ranks twenty-ninth in life expectancy, right behind Jordan and Bosnia" and "has the second highest mortality rate of the comparable OECD countries".<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This has been regarded as highly attributed to the significant gap of inheritance inequality in the country,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although there are clearly other factors such as the affordability of <a href="/wiki/Healthcare" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare">healthcare</a>. </p><p>When social and economic inequalities centered on inheritance are perpetuated by major social institutions such as family, education, religion, etc., these differing life opportunities are argued to be transmitted from each generation. As a result, this inequality is believed to become part of the overall social structure.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Women's unequal inheritance rights refer to the disparities and discriminatory practices that women face in inheriting property and assets compared to men. These inequalities stem from a combination of legal, cultural, and religious practices that often prioritize male heirs over female ones, resulting in significant socio-economic consequences for women. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dynastic_wealth">Dynastic wealth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inheritance&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Dynastic wealth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dynastic wealth is monetary inheritance that is passed on to generations that did not earn it.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dynastic wealth is linked to the term <a href="/wiki/Plutocracy" title="Plutocracy">Plutocracy</a>. Much has been written about the rise and influence of dynastic wealth including the bestselling book <i><a href="/wiki/Capital_in_the_Twenty-First_Century" title="Capital in the Twenty-First Century">Capital in the Twenty-First Century</a></i> by the French economist <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Piketty" title="Thomas Piketty">Thomas Piketty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a> uses the term in his article "Why Inequality Matters".<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soviet_response_to_inheritance">Soviet response to inheritance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inheritance&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Soviet response to inheritance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a> is founded on the <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxist</a> <a href="/wiki/Labor_theory_of_value" title="Labor theory of value">Labor Theory of Value</a>, any money collected in the course of a lifetime is justified if it was based on the fruits of the person's own labor and not from exploiting others. The first communist government installed after the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a> resolved therefore to abolish the right of inheritance,<sup id="cite_ref-MSU_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSU-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with some exceptions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxation">Taxation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inheritance&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Taxation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Inheritance_tax" title="Inheritance tax">Inheritance tax</a></div> <p>Many states have <a href="/wiki/Inheritance_tax" title="Inheritance tax">inheritance taxes</a> or <a href="/wiki/Estate_tax" class="mw-redirect" title="Estate tax">estate taxes</a>, under which a portion of any inheritance or estate becomes <a href="/wiki/Government_revenue" title="Government revenue">government revenue</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inheritance&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beneficiary" title="Beneficiary">Beneficiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_inheritance" title="Digital inheritance">Digital inheritance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inheritance_law_in_ancient_Rome" title="Inheritance law in ancient Rome">Inheritance law in ancient Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inheritance_law_in_Bulgaria" title="Inheritance law in Bulgaria">Inheritance law in Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inheritance_law_in_Canada" title="Inheritance law in Canada">Inheritance law in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inheritance_law_in_Switzerland" title="Inheritance law in Switzerland">Inheritance law in Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_contract" title="Smart contract">Smart contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transformative_asset" class="mw-redirect" title="Transformative asset">Transformative asset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estate_planning" title="Estate planning">Estate planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_law" title="Family law">Family law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_law_(legal_system)" title="Civil law (legal system)">Civil law</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inheritance&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lcco.law.lsu.edu/?uid=60&ver=en">"LSU Law: Louisiana Civil Code"</a>. <i>lcco.law.lsu.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lcco.law.lsu.edu&rft.atitle=LSU+Law%3A+Louisiana+Civil+Code&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flcco.law.lsu.edu%2F%3Fuid%3D60%26ver%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInheritance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-e543-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-e543_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPérez-González2006" class="citation journal cs1">Pérez-González, Francisco (1 November 2006). "Inherited Control and Firm Performance". <i>American Economic Review</i>. <b>96</b> (5): 1559–1588. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1257%2Faer.96.5.1559">10.1257/aer.96.5.1559</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-8282">0002-8282</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Economic+Review&rft.atitle=Inherited+Control+and+Firm+Performance&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=1559-1588&rft.date=2006-11-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1257%2Faer.96.5.1559&rft.issn=0002-8282&rft.aulast=P%C3%A9rez-Gonz%C3%A1lez&rft.aufirst=Francisco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInheritance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Hebrew-English Bible</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0427.htm#1">Numbers 27:1–4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Hebrew-English Bible</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0427.htm#7">Numbers 27:7–11</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Hebrew-English Bible</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0436.htm#1">Numbers 36</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In tractate <a href="/wiki/Baba_Bathra" class="mw-redirect" title="Baba Bathra">Baba Bathra</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chabad.org-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-chabad.org_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chabad.org_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/1170531/jewish/Chapter-2.htm">"Nachalot - Chapter 2"</a>. <i>www.chabad.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130609033429/http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/1170531/jewish/Chapter-2.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 9 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.chabad.org&rft.atitle=Nachalot+-+Chapter+2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chabad.org%2Flibrary%2Farticle_cdo%2Faid%2F1170531%2Fjewish%2FChapter-2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInheritance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaʻadia_ben_Joseph1897" class="citation web cs1">Saʻadia ben Joseph, Joel Müller (28 September 1897). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/seferhayerushot00mlgoog">"Sefer ha-yerushot: ʻim yeter ha-mikhtavim be-divre ha-halakhah be-ʻAravit uve-ʻIvrit uve-Aramit"</a>. Ernest Leroux<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2017</span> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sefer+ha-yerushot%3A+%CA%BBim+yeter+ha-mikhtavim+be-divre+ha-halakhah+be-%CA%BBAravit+uve-%CA%BBIvrit+uve-Aramit&rft.pub=Ernest+Leroux&rft.date=1897-09-28&rft.aulast=Sa%CA%BBadia+ben+Joseph&rft.aufirst=Joel+M%C3%BCller&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fseferhayerushot00mlgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInheritance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Hebrew-English Bible</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0521.htm#17">Deuteronomy 21:17</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304094445/http://www.bjec.org/about/moot_court_sources.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bjec.org/about/moot_court_sources.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2016-03-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-04-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bjec.org%2Fabout%2Fmoot_court_sources.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInheritance" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Spec. Leg. 2.130</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ant. 4.249</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EI2-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EI2_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EI2_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFC.E._Bosworth1993" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">C.E. Bosworth; et al., eds. (1993). "Mīrāth". <i>Encyclopaedia of Islam</i>. Vol. 7 (second ed.). Brill Academic Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-09419-9" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-09419-9"><bdi>90-04-09419-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=M%C4%ABr%C4%81th&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam&rft.edition=second&rft.pub=Brill+Academic+Publishers&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=90-04-09419-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInheritance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quran <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/4?startingVerse=11">4:11</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://corpus.quran.com/translation.jsp?chapter=4&verse=11">"The Quranic Arabic Corpus - Translation"</a>. <i>corpus.quran.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170301132410/http://corpus.quran.com/translation.jsp?chapter=4&verse=11">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Cahn. Restraints on Disinheritance University of Pennsylvania Law Review and American Law Register, Vol. 85, No. 2 (Dec., 1936), pp. 139-153</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">43 Loy. L. Rev. 1 (1997-1998) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/loyolr43&div=8&id=&page=">The New Forced Heirship in Louisiana: Historical Perspectives, Comparative Law Analyses and Reflections upon the Integration of New Structures into a Classical Civil Law System</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180429013808/http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals%2Floyolr43&div=8&id=&page=">Archived</a> 2018-04-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Davies, James B. "The Relative Impact of Inheritance and Other Factors on Economic Inequality". The <i><a href="/wiki/Quarterly_Journal_of_Economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Quarterly Journal of Economics">Quarterly Journal of Economics</a></i>, Vol. 97, No. 3, pp. 471</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Angel, Jacqueline L. Inheritance in Contemporary America: The Social Dimensions of Giving across Generations. p. 35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marable-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Marable_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marable, Manning. "Letter From America: Inheritance, Wealth and Race." <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://frontierweekly.googlepages.com/inheritance-38-48.pdf">Google pages.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081216223207/http://frontierweekly.googlepages.com/inheritance-38-48.pdf">Archived</a> 2008-12-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shapiro, Thomas M. The Hidden Cost of Being African American: How Wealth Perpetuates Inequality. Oxford University Press. 2004. p. 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Salon-20140324-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Salon-20140324_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruenig2014" class="citation web cs1">Bruenig, Matt (March 24, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salon.com/2014/03/24/death_of_meritocracy_how_inheritance_is_poisoning_the_american_economy/">"You call this a meritocracy? How rich inheritance is poisoning the American economy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Salon_(website)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salon (website)">Salon</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140731075606/http://www.salon.com/2014/03/24/death_of_meritocracy_how_inheritance_is_poisoning_the_american_economy/">Archived</a> from the original on July 31, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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The Sociological Quarterly, Volume 42, No. 2 p. 134</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">page 20 of "The Spirit Level"by Wilkinson & Pickett, Bloomsbury Press 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.healthsystemtracker.org/chart-collection/mortality-rates-u-s-compare-countries/">"How do mortality rates in the U.S. compare to other countries?"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+do+mortality+rates+in+the+U.S.+compare+to+other+countries%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.healthsystemtracker.org%2Fchart-collection%2Fmortality-rates-u-s-compare-countries%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInheritance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dubner, Stephen. "How Big of a Deal Is Income Inequality? A Guest Post". The <i>New York Times</i>. August 27, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rokicka, Ewa. "Local policy targeted at reducing inheritance of inequalities in European countries." May 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.profit.uni.lodz.pl/pub/dok2/6ca34cbaf07ece58cbd1b4f24371c8c8/PROFIT_dissemination_ER_16th_IC_of%20_IT&FA.pdf">Lodz.pl</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081216223207/http://www.profit.uni.lodz.pl/pub/dok2/6ca34cbaf07ece58cbd1b4f24371c8c8/PROFIT_dissemination_ER_16th_IC_of%20_IT%26FA.pdf">Archived</a> 2008-12-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Polish)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John J. Miller, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB115223979105400349">"Open the FloodGates"</a>, "The Wall Street Journal", July 7, 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Piketty, Thomas, "Capital in the Twenty-First Century". Harvard University Press, Mar 10, 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">BILL GATES, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.linkedin.com/today/post/article/20141015002149-251749025-why-inequality-matters">"Why Inequality Matters"</a>, "LinkedIn", 15 October 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MSU-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MSU_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://soviethistory.msu.edu/1917-2/economic-apparatus/economic-apparatus-texts/abolition-of-inheritance/">"Abolition of Inheritance"</a>. <i>Seventeen Moments in Soviet History</i>. 2015-08-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-01-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Seventeen+Moments+in+Soviet+History&rft.atitle=Abolition+of+Inheritance&rft.date=2015-08-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsoviethistory.msu.edu%2F1917-2%2Feconomic-apparatus%2Feconomic-apparatus-texts%2Fabolition-of-inheritance%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInheritance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inheritance&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Inheritance" class="extiw" title="q:Inheritance">Inheritance</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Inheritance"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Inheritance">"Inheritance" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 14 (11th ed.). 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Inheritance&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInheritance" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/money/2006-07-25-heirs-usat_x.htm">26 July 2006 USA Today article on dilemma the rich face when leaving wealth to children</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output 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style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coefficient_of_relationship#Human_relationships" title="Coefficient of relationship">First-degree relatives</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parent" title="Parent">Parent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mother" title="Mother">mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father" title="Father">father</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child" title="Child">Child</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Son" title="Son">son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daughter" title="Daughter">daughter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibling" title="Sibling">Sibling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brother" title="Brother">brother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister" title="Sister">sister</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Second-degree relatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grandparent" title="Grandparent">Grandparent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandchild" class="mw-redirect" title="Grandchild">Grandchild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncle" title="Uncle">Uncle</a>/<a href="/wiki/Aunt" title="Aunt">Aunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niece_and_nephew" title="Niece and nephew">Niece/Nephew</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Third-degree relatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great-grandparent" class="mw-redirect" title="Great-grandparent">Great-grandparent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great-grandchild" class="mw-redirect" title="Great-grandchild">Great-grandchild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great-uncle" class="mw-redirect" title="Great-uncle">Great-uncle</a>/<a href="/wiki/Great-aunt" class="mw-redirect" title="Great-aunt">Great-aunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cousin" title="Cousin">Cousin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Affinity_(law)" title="Affinity (law)">Family-in-law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spouse" title="Spouse">Spouse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wife" title="Wife">wife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husband" title="Husband">husband</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parent-in-law" title="Parent-in-law">Parent-in-law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibling-in-law" title="Sibling-in-law">Sibling-in-law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child-in-law" class="mw-redirect" title="Child-in-law">Child-in-law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daughter-in-law" class="mw-redirect" title="Daughter-in-law">daughter-in-law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son-in-law" class="mw-redirect" title="Son-in-law">son-in-law</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stepfamily" title="Stepfamily">Stepfamily</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stepparent" class="mw-redirect" title="Stepparent">Stepparent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stepfather" title="Stepfather">stepfather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepmother" title="Stepmother">stepmother</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepchild" title="Stepchild">Stepchild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepsibling" title="Stepsibling">Stepsibling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kinship_terminology" title="Kinship terminology">Kinship terminology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kinship" title="Kinship">Kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_kinship" title="Australian Aboriginal kinship">Australian Aboriginal kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoption" title="Adoption">Adoption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affinity_(law)" title="Affinity (law)">Affinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consanguinity" title="Consanguinity">Consanguinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disownment" title="Disownment">Disownment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divorce" title="Divorce">Divorce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_estrangement" title="Family estrangement">Estrangement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_of_choice" title="Family of choice">Family of choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fictive_kinship" title="Fictive kinship">Fictive kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurture_kinship" title="Nurture kinship">Nurture kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_kinship" title="Chinese kinship">Chinese kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_kinship" title="Hawaiian kinship">Hawaiian kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_kinship" title="Sudanese kinship">Sudanese kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eskimo_kinship" title="Eskimo kinship">Eskimo kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iroquois_kinship" title="Iroquois kinship">Iroquois kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crow_kinship" title="Crow kinship">Crow kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omaha_kinship" title="Omaha kinship">Omaha kinship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Genealogy" title="Genealogy">Genealogy</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Ancestor" title="Ancestor">lineage</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bilateral_descent" title="Bilateral descent">Bilateral descent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Most_recent_common_ancestor" title="Most recent common ancestor">Common ancestor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">Family name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heirloom" title="Heirloom">Heirloom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heredity" title="Heredity">Heredity</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Inheritance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lineal_descendant" title="Lineal descendant">Lineal descendant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collateral_(kinship)" title="Collateral (kinship)">collateral descent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrilineality" title="Matrilineality">Matrilineality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrilineality" title="Patrilineality">Patrilineality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progenitor" title="Progenitor">Progenitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clan" title="Clan">Clan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_descent" title="Royal descent">Royal descent</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Family_trees" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Family_tree" title="Family tree">Family trees</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pedigree_chart" title="Pedigree chart">Pedigree chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genogram" title="Genogram">Genogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahnentafel" title="Ahnentafel">Ahnentafel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genealogical_numbering_systems" title="Genealogical numbering systems">Genealogical numbering systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seize_quartiers" title="Seize quartiers">Seize quartiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarters_of_nobility" title="Quarters of nobility">Quarters of nobility</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Relationships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agape" title="Agape">Agape (parental love)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eros_(concept)" title="Eros (concept)">Eros (marital love)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philia" title="Philia">Philia (brotherly love)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storge" title="Storge">Storge (familial love)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filial_piety" title="Filial piety">Filial piety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyfidelity" title="Polyfidelity">Polyfidelity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Holidays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mother%27s_Day" title="Mother's Day">Mother's Day</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mother%27s_Day_(United_States)" title="Mother's Day (United States)">U.S.</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father%27s_Day" title="Father's Day">Father's Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father%E2%80%93Daughter_Day" title="Father–Daughter Day">Father–Daughter Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siblings_Day" title="Siblings Day">Siblings Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandparents%27_Day" title="Grandparents' Day">National Grandparents Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parents%27_Day" title="Parents' Day">Parents' Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Day" title="Children's Day">Children's Day</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Day_(Japan)" title="Children's Day (Japan)">Japan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Day" title="Family Day">Family Day</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Family_Day_(Canada)" title="Family Day (Canada)">Canada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Family_Day" title="American Family Day">American Family Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Families" title="International Day of Families">International Day of Families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Family_Week" title="National Family Week">National Family Week</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Family_Week_(UK)" title="National Family Week (UK)">UK</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Adoption_Day" title="National Adoption Day">National Adoption Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single_parent" title="Single parent">Single parent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_anniversary" title="Wedding anniversary">Wedding anniversary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godparent" title="Godparent">Godparent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birth_order" title="Birth order">Birth order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Only_child" title="Only child">Only child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_child_syndrome" title="Middle child syndrome">Middle child syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_the_family" title="Sociology of the family">Sociology of the family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Motherhood" title="Museum of Motherhood">Museum of Motherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronaut_family" title="Astronaut family">Astronaut family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysfunctional_family" title="Dysfunctional family">Dysfunctional family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence" title="Domestic violence">Domestic violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incest" title="Incest">Incest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibling_abuse" title="Sibling abuse">Sibling abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibling_estrangement" title="Sibling estrangement">Sibling estrangement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibling_rivalry" title="Sibling rivalry">Sibling rivalry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Property" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Property_navbox" title="Template:Property navbox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Property_navbox" title="Template talk:Property navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Property_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Property navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Property" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Property" title="Property">Property</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By owner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collective_ownership" title="Collective ownership">Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_ownership" title="Common ownership">Common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communal_land" title="Communal land">Communal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_property" title="Community property">Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_land" title="Crown land">Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customary_land" title="Customary land">Customary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">Cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_property" title="Private property">Private</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_property" title="Public property">Public</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-ownership" title="Self-ownership">Self</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ownership" title="Social ownership">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_ownership" title="State ownership">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unowned_property" title="Unowned property">Unowned</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By nature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croft_(land)" title="Croft (land)">Croft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estate_in_land" title="Estate in land">Estate (landed)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intangible_property" title="Intangible property">Intangible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property" title="Intellectual property">Intellectual</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_intellectual_property" title="Indigenous intellectual property">indigenous</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_property" title="Personal property">Personal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangible_property" title="Tangible property">Tangible</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Real_property" title="Real property">real</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commons" title="Commons">Commons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_land" title="Common land">Common land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common-pool_resource" title="Common-pool resource">Common-pool resource</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_commons_(economics)" title="Digital commons (economics)">Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_commons" title="Global commons">Global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_commons" title="Information commons">Information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_commons" title="Knowledge commons">Knowledge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bundle_of_rights" title="Bundle of rights">Bundle of rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodity" title="Commodity">Commodity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fictitious_commodities" title="Fictitious commodities">fictitious commodities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_good_(economics)" title="Common good (economics)">Common good (economics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excludability" title="Excludability">Excludability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_possession_theory_of_property" title="First possession theory of property">First possession</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Original_appropriation" title="Original appropriation">appropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homestead_principle" title="Homestead principle">homestead principle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-rider_problem" title="Free-rider problem">Free-rider problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_theory" title="Game theory">Game theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgism" title="Georgism">Georgism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gift_economy" title="Gift economy">Gift economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_theory_of_property" title="Labor theory of property">Labor theory of property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_rent" title="Law of rent">Law of rent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rent-seeking" title="Rent-seeking">rent-seeking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_plunder" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal plunder">Legal plunder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_rights_and_legal_rights" title="Natural rights and legal rights">Natural rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ownership" title="Ownership">Ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_rights_(economics)" title="Property rights (economics)">Property rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primogeniture" title="Primogeniture">primogeniture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usufruct" title="Usufruct">usufruct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_property_rights" title="Women's property rights">women's</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_property" title="Right to property">Right to property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivalry_(economics)" title="Rivalry (economics)">Rivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragedy_of_the_commons" title="Tragedy of the commons">Tragedy of the commons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tragedy_of_the_anticommons" title="Tragedy of the anticommons">anticommons</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Applications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acequia" title="Acequia"><i>Acequia</i> (watercourse)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ejido" title="Ejido"><i>Ejido</i> (agrarian land)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estate_(law)" title="Estate (law)">Estate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estate_(law)" title="Estate (law)">legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literary_estate" title="Literary estate">literary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate" title="Real estate">real</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_types_of_formally_designated_forests" title="List of types of formally designated forests">Forest types</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Huerta" title="Huerta">Huerta</a></i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Inheritance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Executor" title="Executor">executor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_tenure" title="Land tenure">Land tenure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_law" title="Property law">Property law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alienation_(property_law)" title="Alienation (property law)">alienation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easement" title="Easement">easement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restraint_on_alienation" title="Restraint on alienation">restraint on alienation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate" title="Real estate">real estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_(property)" title="Title (property)">title</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rights</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_rights" title="Air rights">Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone" title="Exclusive economic zone">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Scheduled_Tribes_and_Other_Traditional_Forest_Dwellers_(Recognition_of_Forest_Rights)_Act,_2006" title="The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006">Forest-dwelling (India)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_to_roam" title="Freedom to roam">Freedom to roam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grazing_rights" title="Grazing rights">Grazing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pannage" title="Pannage">pannage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">Hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_law#Land_rights" title="Land law">Land</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_title" title="Aboriginal title">aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_land_rights" title="Indigenous land rights">indigenous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting" title="Squatting">squatting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Littoral_rights" title="Littoral rights">Littoral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_rights" title="Mineral rights">Mineral</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bergregal" title="Bergregal">Bergregal</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_way_(transit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Right of way (transit)">Right of way (transit)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_way_(property_access)" class="mw-redirect" title="Right of way (property access)">Right of way (property access)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_right" title="Water right">Water</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prior-appropriation_water_rights" title="Prior-appropriation water rights">prior-appropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riparian_water_rights" title="Riparian water rights">riparian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Accumulation_by_dispossession" title="Accumulation by dispossession">Disposession</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Redistribution_of_income_and_wealth" title="Redistribution of income and wealth">redistribution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bioprospecting" title="Bioprospecting">Bioprospecting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biopiracy" title="Biopiracy">biopiracy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivization_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Collectivization in the Soviet Union">Collectivization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eminent_domain" title="Eminent domain">Eminent domain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enclosure" title="Enclosure">Enclosure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eviction" title="Eviction">Eviction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expropriation" class="mw-redirect" title="Expropriation">Expropriation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Farhud" title="Farhud">Farhud</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_displacement" title="Forced displacement">Forced migration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Population_transfer" title="Population transfer">population transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repatriation" title="Repatriation">repatriation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal,_unreported_and_unregulated_fishing" title="Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing">Illegal fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_logging" title="Illegal logging">Illegal logging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Back" title="Land Back">Land Back</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_reform" title="Land reform">Land reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_plunder" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal plunder">Legal plunder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy" title="Piracy">Piracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poaching" title="Poaching">Poaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primitive_accumulation_of_capital" title="Primitive accumulation of capital">Primitive accumulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">Privatization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulatory_taking" class="mw-redirect" title="Regulatory taking">Regulatory taking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">Slavery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bride_buying" title="Bride buying">bride buying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking" title="Human trafficking">human trafficking</a></li> <li>spousal <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Husband-selling" class="mw-redirect" title="Husband-selling">husband-selling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wife_selling" title="Wife selling">wife selling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wage_slavery" title="Wage slavery">wage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax" title="Tax">Tax</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inheritance_tax" title="Inheritance tax">inheritance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poll_tax" title="Poll tax">poll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_tax" title="Progressive tax">progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_tax" title="Property tax">property</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theft" title="Theft">Theft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scholars<br /><span class="nobold">(<i>key work</i>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Bastiat" title="Frédéric Bastiat">Frédéric Bastiat</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Law_(Bastiat_book)" title="The Law (Bastiat book)">The Law</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Coase" title="Ronald Coase">Ronald Coase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Friedrich Engels</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Origin_of_the_Family,_Private_Property_and_the_State" title="The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State">The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_George" title="Henry George">Henry George</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Progress_and_Poverty" title="Progress and Poverty">Progress and Poverty</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrett_Hardin" title="Garrett Hardin">Garrett Hardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Harvey" title="David Harvey">David Harvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Two_Treatises_of_Government" title="Two Treatises of Government">Two Treatises of Government</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Das_Kapital" title="Das Kapital">Das Kapital</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Mauss" title="Marcel Mauss">Marcel Mauss</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gift_(essay)" title="The Gift (essay)">The Gift</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">John Stuart Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elinor_Ostrom" title="Elinor Ostrom">Elinor Ostrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Polanyi" title="Karl Polanyi">Karl Polanyi</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Transformation_(book)" title="The Great Transformation (book)">The Great Transformation</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Pierre-Joseph Proudhon</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Property_is_theft!" class="mw-redirect" title="Property is theft!">What Is Property?</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ricardo" title="David Ricardo">David Ricardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Murray N. Rothbard</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ethics_of_Liberty" title="The Ethics of Liberty">The Ethics of Liberty</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Jean-Jacques Rousseau</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Social_Contract" title="The Social Contract">The Social Contract</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Adam Smith</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wealth_of_Nations" title="The Wealth of Nations">The Wealth of Nations</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> Categories: <a href="/wiki/Category:Property" title="Category:Property">Property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Property_law" title="Category:Property law">Property law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Property_law_by_country" title="Category:Property law by country">by country</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Extreme_wealth" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wealth" title="Template:Wealth"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wealth" title="Template talk:Wealth"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wealth" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wealth"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Extreme_wealth" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Extreme <a href="/wiki/Wealth" title="Wealth">wealth</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_accumulation" title="Capital accumulation">Capital accumulation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overaccumulation" title="Overaccumulation">Overaccumulation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_inequality" title="Economic inequality">Economic inequality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wealth_distribution" class="mw-redirect" title="Wealth distribution">Wealth distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_distribution" title="Income distribution">Income distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumption_distribution" title="Consumption distribution">Consumption distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_economic_inequality" title="History of economic inequality">History of economic inequality</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_inequality" title="International inequality">International inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elite" title="Elite">Elite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oligarchy" title="Oligarchy">Oligarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overclass" title="Overclass">Overclass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutocracy" title="Plutocracy">Plutocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutonomy" title="Plutonomy">Plutonomy</a> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primitive_accumulation_of_capital" title="Primitive accumulation of capital">Primitive accumulation of capital</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_class" title="Upper class">Upper class</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nouveau_riche" title="Nouveau riche"><i>Nouveau riche</i> <wbr />(new money)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_money" title="Old money"><i>Vieux riche</i> <wbr />(old money)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxury_goods" title="Luxury goods">Luxury goods</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Veblen_good" title="Veblen good">Veblen goods</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conspicuous_consumption" title="Conspicuous consumption">Conspicuous consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspicuous_leisure" title="Conspicuous leisure">Conspicuous leisure</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billionaire" title="Billionaire">Billionaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_of_industry" title="Captain of industry">Captain of industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-net-worth_individual" title="High-net-worth individual">High-net-worth individual</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_high-net-worth_individual" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultra high-net-worth individual">UHNWI</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnate" title="Magnate">Magnate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Business_magnate" title="Business magnate">Business</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millionaire" title="Millionaire">Millionaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oligarchy" title="Oligarchy">Oligarch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Business_oligarch" title="Business oligarch">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_oligarchs" title="Russian oligarchs">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_oligarchs" title="Ukrainian oligarchs">Ukrainian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robber_baron_(industrialist)" title="Robber baron (industrialist)">Robber baron</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wealth" title="Wealth">Wealth</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wealth_concentration" class="mw-redirect" title="Wealth concentration">Concentration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distribution_of_wealth" title="Distribution of wealth">Distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynastic_wealth" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynastic wealth">Dynastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wealth_effect" title="Wealth effect">Effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_and_wealth" title="Geography and wealth">Geography</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Inherited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wealth_management" title="Wealth management">Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_wealth" class="mw-redirect" title="National wealth">National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_wealth" title="Paper wealth">Paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wealth_and_religion" title="Wealth and religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wealth_tax" title="Wealth tax">Tax</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_people_by_net_worth" title="Lists of people by net worth">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_World%27s_Billionaires" title="The World's Billionaires"><i>Forbes</i> list of billionaires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_centibillionaires" title="List of centibillionaires">List of centibillionaires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_billionaires" title="List of female billionaires">Female billionaires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_royalty_by_net_worth" title="List of royalty by net worth">Richest royals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_richest_Americans_in_history" title="List of richest Americans in history">Wealthiest Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wealthiest_families" title="List of wealthiest families">Wealthiest families</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_wealthiest_organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of wealthiest organizations">Organizations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_companies_by_revenue" title="List of largest companies by revenue">Largest companies by revenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_corporate_profits_and_losses" title="List of largest corporate profits and losses">Largest corporate profits and losses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_corporations_by_market_capitalization" title="List of public corporations by market capitalization">Largest corporations by market capitalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_financial_services_companies_by_revenue" title="List of largest financial services companies by revenue">Largest financial services companies by revenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_manufacturing_companies_by_revenue" title="List of largest manufacturing companies by revenue">Largest manufacturing companies by revenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_software_companies" title="List of the largest software companies">Largest software companies by revenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_technology_companies_by_revenue" title="List of largest technology companies by revenue">Largest technology companies by revenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wealthiest_charitable_foundations" title="List of wealthiest charitable foundations">Charities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_philanthropists" title="List of philanthropists">Philanthropists</a></li></ul></li> <li>Universities <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_institutions_of_higher_education_by_endowment_size" title="Lists of institutions of higher education by endowment size">Endowment size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_by_number_of_billionaire_alumni" title="List of universities by number of billionaire alumni">Number of billionaire alumni</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_number_of_billionaires" title="List of cities by number of billionaires">Cities by number of billionaires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_the_number_of_billionaires" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by the number of billionaires">Countries by number of billionaires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_total_wealth" title="List of countries by total wealth">Countries by total wealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_by_wealth_inequality" title="List of sovereign states by wealth inequality">Countries by wealth inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wealth_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Wealth inequality in the United States">Wealth inequality in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Income inequality in the United States">Income inequality in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_most_expensive_items_by_category" title="Lists of most expensive items by category">Most expensive items</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_most_expensive_things" title="Category:Lists of most expensive things">by category</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wealthiest_animals" title="List of wealthiest animals">Wealthiest animals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diseases_of_affluence" title="Diseases of affluence">Diseases of affluence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affluenza" title="Affluenza">Affluenza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcissism#Celebrity_narcissism" title="Narcissism">Acquired situational narcissism</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Argumentum_ad_crumenam" title="Argumentum ad crumenam">Argumentum ad crumenam</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosperity_theology" title="Prosperity theology">Prosperity theology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Philanthropy" title="Philanthropy">Philanthropy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Gospel_of_Wealth" title="The Gospel of Wealth">Gospel of Wealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Giving_Pledge" title="The Giving Pledge">The Giving Pledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philanthrocapitalism" title="Philanthrocapitalism">Philanthrocapitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venture_philanthropy" title="Venture philanthropy">Venture philanthropy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sayings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_rich_get_richer_and_the_poor_get_poorer" title="The rich get richer and the poor get poorer">The rich get richer and the poor get poorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_for_the_rich_and_capitalism_for_the_poor" title="Socialism for the rich and capitalism for the poor">Socialism for the rich and capitalism for the poor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Too_big_to_fail" title="Too big to fail">Too big to fail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Das_Kapital" title="Das Kapital">Das Kapital</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutus_(play)" title="Plutus (play)"><i>Plutus</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plutus" title="Plutus">Greek god of wealth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superclass_(book)" title="Superclass (book)"><i>Superclass</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Superclass_List" title="The Superclass List">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Theory_of_the_Leisure_Class" title="The Theory of the Leisure Class">The Theory of the Leisure Class</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wealth_(film)" title="Wealth (film)"><i>Wealth</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wealth_of_Nations" title="The Wealth of Nations">The Wealth of Nations</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wealth" title="Category:Wealth">Category</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wealth_by_country" title="Category:Wealth by country">by country</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200303#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200303#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200303#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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