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type="search" name="search" placeholder="Fittex fis-sit: Wikipedija" aria-label="Fittex fis-sit: Wikipedija" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Fittex fis-sit: Wikipedija [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Speċjali:Fittex"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Fittex</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Għodda personali"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Dehra"> <div 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href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Bidu</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimoloġija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimoloġija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimoloġija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimoloġija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Storja" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storja"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Storja</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Storja-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uri jew aħbi s-sottosezzjoni Storja</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Storja-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Il-Preistorja_u_l-Peru_Prekolombjan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Il-Preistorja_u_l-Peru_Prekolombjan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Il-Preistorja u l-Peru Prekolombjan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Il-Preistorja_u_l-Peru_Prekolombjan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Konkwista_u_perjodu_kolonjali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konkwista_u_perjodu_kolonjali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Konkwista u perjodu kolonjali</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konkwista_u_perjodu_kolonjali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indipendenza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indipendenza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Indipendenza</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indipendenza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-seklu_19" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#seklu_19"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>seklu 19</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-seklu_19-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-seklu_20" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#seklu_20"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>seklu 20</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-seklu_20-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-seklu_21" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#seklu_21"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>seklu 21</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-seklu_21-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gvern_u_politika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gvern_u_politika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Gvern u politika</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Gvern_u_politika-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uri jew aħbi s-sottosezzjoni Gvern u politika</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Gvern_u_politika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Relazzjonijiet_barranin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relazzjonijiet_barranin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Relazzjonijiet barranin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relazzjonijiet_barranin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gruppi_etniċi_(2017)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gruppi_etniċi_(2017)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Gruppi etniċi (2017)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gruppi_etniċi_(2017)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ġeografija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ġeografija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ġeografija</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ġeografija-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uri jew aħbi s-sottosezzjoni Ġeografija</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ġeografija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Delimitazzjoni_territorjali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Delimitazzjoni_territorjali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Delimitazzjoni territorjali</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Delimitazzjoni_territorjali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eżenzjoni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eżenzjoni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Eżenzjoni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eżenzjoni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Idrografija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Idrografija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Idrografija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Idrografija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Klima" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klima"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Klima</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klima-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reġjuni_ġeografiċi_tradizzjonali_tal-Perù" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reġjuni_ġeografiċi_tradizzjonali_tal-Perù"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Reġjuni ġeografiċi tradizzjonali tal-Perù</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reġjuni_ġeografiċi_tradizzjonali_tal-Perù-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bijodiversità" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bijodiversità"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Bijodiversità</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bijodiversità-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fawna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fawna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6.1</span> <span>Fawna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fawna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organizzazzjoni_Territorjali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizzazzjoni_Territorjali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Organizzazzjoni Territorjali</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organizzazzjoni_Territorjali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demografija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Demografija</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demografija-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uri jew aħbi s-sottosezzjoni Demografija</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demografija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gruppi_etniċi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gruppi_etniċi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Gruppi etniċi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gruppi_etniċi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gruppi_etniċi_(2017)_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gruppi_etniċi_(2017)_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>Gruppi etniċi (2017)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gruppi_etniċi_(2017)_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lingwa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lingwa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Lingwa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lingwa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lingwi_uffiċjali_u_ko-uffiċjali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lingwi_uffiċjali_u_ko-uffiċjali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.1</span> <span>Lingwi uffiċjali u ko-uffiċjali</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lingwi_uffiċjali_u_ko-uffiċjali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion_(2017)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_(2017)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.1</span> <span>Religion (2017)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_(2017)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Edukazzjoni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Edukazzjoni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Edukazzjoni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Edukazzjoni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Toponimi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toponimi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Toponimi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toponimi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Ekonomija</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ekonomija-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uri jew aħbi s-sottosezzjoni Ekonomija</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ekonomija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Minjieri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minjieri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Minjieri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minjieri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agrikoltura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agrikoltura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Agrikoltura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agrikoltura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industrija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Industrija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industrija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastruttura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastruttura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Infrastruttura</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastruttura-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uri jew aħbi s-sottosezzjoni Infrastruttura</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastruttura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Trasport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trasport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Trasport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trasport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enerġija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enerġija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Enerġija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enerġija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kura_tas-saħħa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kura_tas-saħħa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Kura tas-saħħa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kura_tas-saħħa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kultura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kultura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Kultura</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kultura-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uri jew aħbi s-sottosezzjoni Kultura</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kultura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arti_viżwali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arti_viżwali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Arti viżwali</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arti_viżwali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arti_prekolombjana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arti_prekolombjana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1.1</span> <span>Arti prekolombjana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arti_prekolombjana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arti_kolonjali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arti_kolonjali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1.2</span> <span>Arti kolonjali</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arti_kolonjali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Letteratura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Letteratura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Letteratura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Letteratura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kċina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kċina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Kċina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kċina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mużika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mużika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Mużika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mużika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ċinema" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ċinema"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.5</span> <span>Ċinema</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ċinema-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.6</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L-aktar_bliet_popolati" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L-aktar_bliet_popolati"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>L-aktar bliet popolati</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L-aktar_bliet_popolati-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenzi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenzi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Referenzi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referenzi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ħoloq_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ħoloq_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Ħoloq esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ħoloq_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kontenut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aħbi jew uri l-werrej" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aħbi jew uri l-werrej</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Perù</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Żur artiklu f'lingwa differenti. Disponibbli fi 260 lingwi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-260" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">260 lingwi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Abkażjan" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkażjan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A8ru" title="Pèru – Aċiniż" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Pèru" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Aċiniż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Afrikans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Ġermaniż tal-Iżvizzera" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Ġermaniż tal-Iżvizzera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%94%E1%88%A9" title="ፔሩ – Amhariku" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፔሩ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amhariku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%BA" title="Perú – Aragoniż" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Perú" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragoniż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Ingliż Antik" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Ingliż Antik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81" title="पेरु – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="पेरु" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88" title="بيرو – Għarbi" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بيرو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Għarbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88" title="پيرو – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="پيرو" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88" title="بيرو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بيرو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%81" title="পেৰু – Assamiż" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পেৰু" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamiż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%BA" title="Perú – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Perú" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perua" title="Perua – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Perua" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82" title="पेरू – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="पेरू" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piruw" title="Piruw – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Piruw" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Ażerbajġani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Ażerbajġani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88" title="پرو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پرو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9ru" title="Péru – Baliniż" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Péru" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Baliniż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C5%AB" title="Perū – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Perū" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Belarussu" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%83" title="Пэру – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Пэру" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9ru" title="Péru – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Péru" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Bulgaru" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82" title="पेरू – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पेरू" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%B2%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="ပဲရူးခမ်းထီ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ပဲရူးခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81" title="পেরু – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পেরু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8D" title="པེ་རུ། – Tibetjan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="པེ་རུ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetjan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81" title="পেরু – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="পেরু" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perou" title="Perou – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Perou" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Bożnijaku" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bożnijaku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%BA" title="Perú – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Perú" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%BA" title="Perú – Chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Perú" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="Chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8E%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%88" title="پێروو – Kurd Ċentrali" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پێروو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurd Ċentrali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%B9" title="Perù – Korsiku" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Perù" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsiku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Tork tal-Krimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Tork tal-Krimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Ċek" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Ċek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periw" title="Periw – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Periw" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Daniż" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Daniż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Ġermaniż" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Ġermaniż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Sorbjan Komuni" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Sorbjan Komuni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82" title="पेरू – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="पेरू" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%95%DE%AC%DE%83%DE%AB" title="ޕެރޫ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޕެރޫ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%8D" title="Περού – Grieg" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Περού" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Ingliż" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Ingliż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruo" title="Peruo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Peruo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%BA" title="Perú – Spanjol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Perú" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanjol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruu" title="Peruu – Estonjan" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Peruu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonjan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Bask" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Bask" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%BA" title="Perú – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Perú" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88" title="پرو – Persjan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پرو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persjan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Fulah" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fulah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Finlandiż" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finlandiż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruu" title="Peruu – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Peruu" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Fiġjan" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fiġjan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9rou" title="Pérou – Franċiż" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pérou" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Franċiż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A8rou" title="Pèrou – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Pèrou" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruu" title="Peruu – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Peruu" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%B9" title="Perù – Frijuljan" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Perù" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Frijuljan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%BB" title="Perû – Frisian tal-Punent" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Perû" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisian tal-Punent" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peiri%C3%BA" title="Peiriú – Irlandiż" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Peiriú" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandiż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9rou" title="Pérou – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Pérou" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pear%C3%B9" title="Pearù – Galliku Skoċċiż" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Pearù" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Galliku Skoċċiż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%BA" title="Perú – Galiċjan" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Perú" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galiċjan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C5%A9" title="Perũ – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Perũ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82" title="पेरू – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="पेरू" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%80%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%BF" title="𐍀𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿 – Gotiku" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍀𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gotiku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%81_(%E0%AA%A6%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B6)" title="પેરુ (દેશ) – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પેરુ (દેશ)" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruu" title="Peruu – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Peruu" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Pheroo" title="Yn Pheroo – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Pheroo" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelu" title="Pelu – Ħawajjan" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Pelu" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Ħawajjan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95" title="פרו – Ebrajk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ebrajk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82" title="पेरू – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पेरू" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Kroat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Sorbjan ta’ Fuq" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Sorbjan ta’ Fuq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pewou" title="Pewou – Creole ta’ Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Pewou" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Creole ta’ Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Ungeriż" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Ungeriż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Պերու – Armen" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պերու" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Indoneżjan" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indoneżjan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%BA" title="Perú – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Perú" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%BA" title="Perú – Iżlandiż" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Perú" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Iżlandiż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%B9" title="Perù – Taljan" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Perù" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Taljan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9A%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC" title="ペルー – Ġappuniż" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ペルー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Ġappuniż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruu" title="Peruu – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Peruu" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/perus" title="perus – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="perus" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Ġavaniż" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Ġavaniż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3" title="პერუ – Ġorġjan" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პერუ" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Ġorġjan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piru" title="Piru – Kabuljan" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Piru" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabuljan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruu" title="Peruu – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Peruu" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Kikuju" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Każak" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Każak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%89%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC" title="ប៉េរូ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ប៉េរូ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81" title="ಪೆರು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪೆರು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%98%EB%A3%A8" title="페루 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="페루" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%BB" title="Perû – Kurd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Perû" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perou" title="Perou – Korniku" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Perou" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Korniku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Kirgiż" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruvia" title="Peruvia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Peruvia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Lussemburgiż" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Lussemburgiż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Leżgjan" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Leżgjan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%B9" title="Perù – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Perù" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%B9" title="Perù – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Perù" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Lingaljan" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingaljan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B9" title="ປະເທດເປຣູ – Laosjan" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດເປຣູ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Laosjan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Litwan" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litwan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Latvjan" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvjan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Maduriż" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Maduriż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%83" title="Пэру – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Пэру" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%B2" title="Però – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Però" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C5%AB" title="Perū – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Perū" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Maċedonjan" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Maċedonjan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%81" title="പെറു – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പെറു" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Mongoljan" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongoljan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A8" title="ꯄꯦꯔꯨ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯄꯦꯔꯨ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82" title="पेरू – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पेरू" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Mirandiż" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandiż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ပီရူးနိုင်ငံ – Burmiż" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပီရူးနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmiż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88" title="پرو – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="پرو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%B9" title="Perù – Naplitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Perù" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Naplitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Ġermaniż Komuni" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Ġermaniż Komuni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Sassonu Komuni" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Sassonu Komuni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82" title="पेरू – Nepaliż" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पेरू" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepaliż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81" title="पेरु – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="पेरु" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Olandiż" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Olandiż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Ninorsk Norveġiż" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Ninorsk Norveġiż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Bokmal Norveġiż" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norveġiż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9rou" title="Pérou – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Pérou" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Soto tat-Tramuntana" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Soto tat-Tramuntana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dib%C3%A9n%C3%A9%C3%A9z_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Dibénééz Bikéyah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Dibénééz Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="vetrina"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%B3" title="Peró – Oċċitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Peró" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oċċitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peeruu" title="Peeruu – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Peeruu" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Ossettiku" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossettiku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82" title="ਪੇਰੂ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੇਰੂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Pangasinjan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinjan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9rou" title="Pérou – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Pérou" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81" title="पेरु – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="पेरु" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruu" title="Peruu – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Peruu" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Pollakk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pollakk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%B9" title="Perù – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Perù" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88" title="پیرو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پیرو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88" title="پيرو – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پيرو" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Portugiż" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugiż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="vetrina"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piruw" title="Piruw – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Piruw" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Romanz" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romanz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Rumen" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Russu" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Kinjarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinjarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81" title="पेरु – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="पेरु" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A9" title="ᱯᱮᱨᱩ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱯᱮᱨᱩ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%B9" title="Perù – Sardinjan" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Perù" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinjan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%B9" title="Perù – Sqalli" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Perù" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sqalli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Skoċċiż" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skoċċiż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88" title="پيرو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="پيرو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Sami tat-Tramuntana" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Sami tat-Tramuntana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Serbo-Kroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%B1%E1%82%87%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B0%E1%82%89" title="မိူင်းပေႇရူႉ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းပေႇရူႉ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%96" title="පෙරූ – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පෙරූ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Slovakk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovakk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruja" title="Peruja – Albaniż" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Peruja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albaniż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Serb" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPheru" title="IPheru – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IPheru" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9ru" title="Péru – Sundaniż" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Péru" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundaniż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Żvediż" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Żvediż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81" title="பெரு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பெரு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%82" title="పెరూ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పెరూ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%BA" title="Perú – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Perú" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Taġik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Taġik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="vetrina"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9" title="ประเทศเปรู – Tajlandiż" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศเปรู" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tajlandiż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Turkmeni" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pel%C5%AB" title="Pelū – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Pelū" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Tork" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Tork" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%90%D8%B1%DB%87" title="پېرۇ – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="پېرۇ" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу – Ukren" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Перу" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukren" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88" title="پیرو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پیرو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%B9" title="Perù – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Perù" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%BA" title="Perú – Vjetnamiż" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Perú" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vjetnamiż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruv%C3%A4n" title="Peruvän – Volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Peruvän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perou" title="Perou – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Perou" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%BA" title="Perú – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Perú" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%98%E9%B2%81" title="秘鲁 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="秘鲁" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3" title="პერუ – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პერუ" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%95" title="פערו – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פערו" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%BA" title="Perú – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Perú" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biluj" title="Biluj – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Biluj" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%98%E9%B2%81" title="秘鲁 – Ċiniż" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="秘鲁" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Ċiniż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%95%E9%AD%AF" title="祕魯 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="祕魯" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%98%E9%AD%AF" title="秘魯 – Kantoniż" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="秘魯" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantoniż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" title="Peru – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Peru" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q419#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Immodifika l-ħoloq interlingwi" class="wbc-editpage">Immodifika l-ħoloq</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spazji tal-isem"> <div 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</div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Minn Wikipedija, l-enċiklopedija l-ħielsa</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="mt" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width:22em; font-size:88%;"><tbody><tr class="adr"> <th colspan="3" align="center" class="mergedtoprow fn org country-name" style="line-height:1.2em; padding:0.25em 0.33em 0.33em; font-size:1.25em;">Repubblika tal-Perù<div style="padding-top:0.25em;"><i>República del Perú</i></div></th> </tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td class="maptable" colspan="3" align="center" style="padding:0.5em 0;"><table align="center" style="width:100%; background:none;"><tbody><tr> <td align="center" style="width:58%; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Flag_of_Peru.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="República del Perú – Bandiera"><img alt="República del Perú – Bandiera" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/125px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/188px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/250px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td> <td align="center" style="width:auto; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Escudo_nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="República del Perú – Emblema"><img alt="República del Perú – Emblema" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Escudo_nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.svg/85px-Escudo_nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Escudo_nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.svg/128px-Escudo_nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Escudo_nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.svg/170px-Escudo_nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></td> </tr><tr> <td align="center"><small></small></td> <td align="center"><small></small></td> </tr></tbody></table> </td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="3" style="line-height:1.2em; text-align:center;"><b>Mottu: </b>""Firme y Feliz por la Unión"" (<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="Spanjol">ES</abbr></span>) <br /><small><i>Sod u Ferħan għall-Unjoni</i></small></td> </tr><tr> <td class="anthem" colspan="3" style="line-height:1.2em; text-align:center;"><b>Innu nazzjonali: </b><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Innu_Nazzjonali_tal-Peru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Innu Nazzjonali tal-Peru (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Himno Nacional del Peru</a></i><center><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="190" data-mwtitle="United_States_Navy_Band_-_Marcha_Nacional_del_Perú.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/United_States_Navy_Band_-_Marcha_Nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cc/United_States_Navy_Band_-_Marcha_Nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.ogg/United_States_Navy_Band_-_Marcha_Nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Marcha_Nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.ogg&lang=ca&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ca" label="català ‪(ca)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Marcha_Nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Marcha_Nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.ogg&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Marcha_Nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.ogg&lang=fr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fr" label="français ‪(fr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Marcha_Nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.ogg&lang=he&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="he" label="עברית ‪(he)‬" data-dir="rtl" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Marcha_Nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.ogg&lang=it&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="it" label="italiano ‪(it)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Marcha_Nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.ogg&lang=ja&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ja" label="日本語 ‪(ja)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Marcha_Nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.ogg&lang=ko&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ko" label="한국어 ‪(ko)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Marcha_Nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.ogg&lang=pl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pl" label="polski ‪(pl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Marcha_Nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.ogg&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Marcha_Nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.ogg&lang=qu&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="qu" label="Runa Simi ‪(qu)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Marcha_Nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.ogg&lang=sl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="sl" label="slovenščina ‪(sl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Marcha_Nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.ogg&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></center><br /></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; padding:0.6em 0em;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:PER_orthographic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/PER_orthographic.svg/250px-PER_orthographic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/PER_orthographic.svg/375px-PER_orthographic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/PER_orthographic.svg/500px-PER_orthographic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="551" data-file-height="551" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <div style="position:relative; top:0.3em;"><small></small></div> </td> </tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/Belt_kapitali" title="Belt kapitali">Belt kapitali</a></b><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demografija_tal-Per%C3%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demografija tal-Perù (il-paġna ma teżistix)">(u l-ikbar belt)</a> </td><td><a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a><br /><small><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Per%C3%B9&params=12_2.6_S_77_1.7_W_type:country(1,285,216)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Mapep, ritratti mill-ajru, u dati oħra għal dan il-post"><span class="latitude">12°2.6′S</span> <span class="longitude">77°1.7′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">12.0433°S 77.0283°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-12.0433; -77.0283</span></span></span></a></span> </span></small><p><small></small> </p> </td></tr><tr> <th colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Lingwa_uffi%C4%8Bjali" title="Lingwa uffiċjali">Lingwi uffiċjali</a></th> <td><a href="/wiki/Lingwa_Spanjola" title="Lingwa Spanjola">Spanjol</a></td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2">Gvern</th> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistema_presidenzjali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sistema presidenzjali (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Sistema presidenzjali</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostituzzjoni_tal-Peru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kostituzzjoni tal-Peru (il-paġna ma teżistix)">kostituzzjonali</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stat_unitarju&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stat unitarju (il-paġna ma teżistix)">unitarja</a></td> </tr><tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_ta%27_Presidenti_tal-Per%C3%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista ta' Presidenti tal-Perù (il-paġna ma teżistix)">President</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Castillo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pedro Castillo (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Pedro Castillo</a></td> </tr><tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vi%C4%8Bi_President_tal-Per%C3%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viċi President tal-Perù (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Viċi President</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dina_Boluarte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dina Boluarte (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Dina Boluarte</a></td> </tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prim_Ministru_tal-Per%C3%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prim Ministru tal-Perù (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Prim Ministru</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guido_Bellido&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guido Bellido (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Guido Bellido</a></td> </tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="3"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwerra_tal-Indipendenza_Peruvjana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gwerra tal-Indipendenza Peruvjana (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Indipendenza</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">minn <a href="/wiki/Spanja" title="Spanja">Spanja</a></span></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;">Iddikjarata</td> <td>28 ta' Lulju, 1821 </td> </tr><tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;">Konsolidata</td> <td>9 ta' Diċembru, 1824 </td> </tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;">Kostituzzjoni attwali</td> <td>31 ta' Diċembru, 1993 </td> </tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th colspan="3">Erja</th> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;">Total</td> <td>1,285,216 km<sup>2</sup> (<a href="/wiki/Lista_ta%27_pajji%C5%BCi_skont_l-erja" title="Lista ta' pajjiżi skont l-erja">20</a>)<br />496,225 mil kwadru </td> </tr><tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;">Ilma (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C4%8Bentwal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perċentwal (il-paġna ma teżistix)">%</a>)</td> <td>0.41</td> </tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Popolazzjoni" title="Popolazzjoni">Popolazzjoni</a></th> </tr><tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;">stima tal-2013</td> <td>30,475,144 (<a href="/wiki/Lista_ta%27_pajji%C5%BCi_skont_il-popolazzjoni" title="Lista ta' pajjiżi skont il-popolazzjoni">40</a>)</td> </tr><tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;">ċensiment tal-2007</td> <td>28,220,764 </td> </tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;"><a href="/wiki/Densit%C3%A0_tal-popolazzjoni" title="Densità tal-popolazzjoni">Densità</a></td> <td>23/km<sup>2</sup> (<a href="/wiki/Lista_ta%27_pajji%C5%BCi_skont_id-densit%C3%A0_ta%27_popolazzjoni" title="Lista ta' pajjiżi skont id-densità ta' popolazzjoni">191</a>)<br />57/mili kwadri</td> </tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="2"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prodott_gross_domestiku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prodott gross domestiku (il-paġna ma teżistix)">PGD</a></b> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Parit%C3%A0_tas-sa%C4%A7%C4%A7a_tax-xiri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parità tas-saħħa tax-xiri (il-paġna ma teżistix)">PSX</a>)</td> <td>stima tal-2013</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;">Total</td> <td>$352.875 biljun<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> </tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per_capita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Per capita (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Per capita</a></td> <td>$11,403<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> </tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="2"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prodott_gross_domestiku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prodott gross domestiku (il-paġna ma teżistix)">PGD</a></b> (nominali)</td> <td>stima tal-2012</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;">Total</td> <td>$220.825 biljun<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> </tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per_capita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Per capita (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Per capita</a></td> <td>$7,135<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indi%C4%8Bi_tal-I%C5%BCvilupp_Uman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indiċi tal-Iżvilupp Uman (il-paġna ma teżistix)">IŻU</a></b> (2013)</td> <td><span title="Increase"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span> 0.741<sup id="cite_ref-HDI_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDI-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<span style="color:#090;">għoli</span>) (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_ta%27_pajji%C5%BCi_skont_l-Indi%C4%8Bi_tal-I%C5%BCvilupp_Uman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista ta' pajjiżi skont l-Indiċi tal-Iżvilupp Uman (il-paġna ma teżistix)">77</a>)</td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valuta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valuta (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Valuta</a></th> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sol_%C4%A1did_tal-Per%C3%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sol ġdid tal-Perù (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Sol ġdid</a> (<code><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_4217&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 4217 (il-paġna ma teżistix)">PEN</a></code>) </td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%C5%BBona_tal-%C4%A7in" title="Żona tal-ħin">Żona tal-ħin</a></th> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A6in_fil-Per%C3%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ħin fil-Perù (il-paġna ma teżistix)">PET</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A6in_Koordinat_Universalment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ħin Koordinat Universalment (il-paġna ma teżistix)">UTC</a>-5)</span></td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lista_ta%27_kodi%C4%8Bi_telefoni%C4%8Bi" title="Lista ta' kodiċi telefoniċi">Kodiċi telefoniku</a></th> <td>+51</td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dominju_tal-aqwa_livell_nazzjonali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dominju tal-aqwa livell nazzjonali (il-paġna ma teżistix)">TLD tal-internet</a></th> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=.pe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".pe (il-paġna ma teżistix)">.pe</a></td> </tr></tbody></table> <p>Il-<b>Perù</b> (<span class="unicode" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:En-us-Peru.ogg" title="en-us-Peru.ogg"><img alt="en-us-Peru.ogg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Stampa:En-us-Peru.ogg" title="Stampa:En-us-Peru.ogg">pəˈruː</a> <small class="metadata audiolinkinfo" style="cursor:help;">(<a href="/wiki/G%C4%A7ajnuna:Medja" title="Għajnuna:Medja"><span style="cursor:help;">għajnuna</span></a>·<a href="/wiki/Stampa:En-us-Peru.ogg" title="Stampa:En-us-Peru.ogg"><span style="cursor:help;">info</span></a>)</small></span> (<a href="/wiki/Lingwa_Spanjola" title="Lingwa Spanjola">Spanjol</a>: <i>Perú</i>), uffiċjalment ir-<b>Repubblika tal-Perù</b> (<a href="/wiki/Lingwa_Spanjola" title="Lingwa Spanjola">Spanjol</a>: <i>República del Perú</i>), hu pajjiż li jinsab fil-Punent tal-<a href="/wiki/Amerika_t%27Isfel" class="mw-redirect" title="Amerika t'Isfel">Amerika t'Isfel</a>. Imiss mal-<a href="/wiki/Ekwador" title="Ekwador">Ekwador</a> u l-<a href="/wiki/Kolombja" title="Kolombja">Kolombja</a> fit-Tramuntana, mal-<a href="/wiki/Bra%C5%BCil" title="Brażil">Brażil</a> fil-Lvant, mal-<a href="/wiki/Bolivja" title="Bolivja">Bolivja</a> fil-Lbiċ, maċ-<a href="/wiki/%C4%8Aili" title="Ċili">Ċilì</a> fin-Nofsinhar, u mal-<a href="/wiki/O%C4%8Bean_Pa%C4%8Bifiku" title="Oċean Paċifiku">Oċean Paċifiku</a> fil-Punent. </p><p>It-territorju Peruvjan rawwem ħafna <a href="/wiki/Kultura" title="Kultura">kulturi</a> antiki li fosthom insibu ċ-<a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Aivilizzazzjoni_Norte_Chico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ċivilizzazzjoni Norte Chico (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Ċivilizzazzjoni Norte Chico</a>, waħda mill-eqdem fid-<a href="/wiki/Id-Dinja" title="Id-Dinja">dinja</a> u l-<a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperu_Inka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imperu Inka (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Imperu Inka</a>, l-akbar stat fl-Amerka Pre-Kolombjana. L-<a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperu_Spanjol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imperu Spanjol (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Imperu Spanjol</a> ikkonkwista r-reġjun fis-seklu 16 u stabbilixxa l-<i>Virreinato</i> (Viċirenju), li kien jinkludi l-parti l-kbira tal-kolonji tiegħu fl-Amerka t'Isfel. Wara li nkisbet l-indipendenza fl-1821, il-Perù kellu perjodi ta' inkwiet <a href="/wiki/Politika" title="Politika">politiku</a> u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kri%C5%BCi_fiskali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kriżi fiskali (il-paġna ma teżistix)">kriżi fiskali</a> kif ukoll perjodi ta' stabbiltà u titjib ekonomiku. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimoloġija"><span id="Etimolo.C4.A1ija"></span>Etimoloġija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Etimoloġija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Etimoloġija"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L-isem tal-pajjiż jista' jkun derivat minn Birú, l-isem ta' ħakkiem lokali li għex qrib il-Bajja ta' San Miguel, il-Belt ta' Panama, fil-bidu tas-seklu 16. Il-konkwistaturi Spanjoli, li waslu fl-1522, emmnu li din kienet l-aktar parti tan-nofsinhar tad-Dinja l-Ġdida. Meta Francisco Pizarro invada r-reġjuni aktar 'l bogħod fin-Nofsinhar, dawn ġew nominati Birú jew Perú. </p><p>Storja alternattiva hija pprovduta mill-kittieb kontemporanju Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, iben prinċipessa Inca u konkwistador. Huwa qal li l-isem Birú kien dak ta' Amerindjan komuni li nqala' mill-ekwipaġġ ta' bastiment f'missjoni esploratorja għall-gvernatur Pedro Arias Dávila u kompla biex jirrelata aktar każijiet ta' nuqqas ta' ftehim minħabba n-nuqqas ta' lingwa komuni. </p><p>Il-kuruna Spanjola tat l-isem status legali bil-Capitulación de Toledo tal-1529, li indikat l-Imperu Inca li kien għadu kif iltaqa' ma' l-provinċja tal-Peru. Fl-1561, ir-ribelli Lope de Aguirre iddikjara lilu nnifsu bħala l-“Prinċep” ta' Perù indipendenti, li nqatgħet bl-arrest u l-eżekuzzjoni tiegħu. Taħt il-ħakma Spanjola, il-pajjiż adotta d-denominazzjoni Viċiroyalty tal-Peru, li saret ir-Repubblika Peruvjana mill-indipendenza tagħha sal-1979, meta adotta l-isem attwali tagħha tar-Repubblika tal-Peru. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storja">Storja</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Storja" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Storja"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Il-Preistorja_u_l-Peru_Prekolombjan">Il-Preistorja u l-Peru Prekolombjan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Il-Preistorja u l-Peru Prekolombjan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Il-Preistorja u l-Peru Prekolombjan"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Moche_earrings.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Moche_earrings.jpg/220px-Moche_earrings.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Moche_earrings.jpg/330px-Moche_earrings.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Moche_earrings.jpg/440px-Moche_earrings.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3805" data-file-height="2541" /></a><figcaption>Imsielet Moche li juru ġellieda, magħmulin mit-turkważ u mid-deheb (1–800 AD)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Caral-25.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Caral-25.jpg/220px-Caral-25.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Caral-25.jpg/330px-Caral-25.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Caral-25.jpg/440px-Caral-25.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Fdalijiet ta' piramida Caral/Norte Chico fil-Wied ta' Supe niexef.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Tawantinsuyu_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Tawantinsuyu_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/60px-Tawantinsuyu_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Tawantinsuyu_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/90px-Tawantinsuyu_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Tawantinsuyu_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/120px-Tawantinsuyu_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="549" data-file-height="549" /></a><figcaption>L-Imperu Inca fl-akbar firxa tiegħu madwar l-1525 (1438–1533/1572)) Tawantinsuyu</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Map_of_Wari_and_Tiawaku.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Map_of_Wari_and_Tiawaku.svg/60px-Map_of_Wari_and_Tiawaku.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Map_of_Wari_and_Tiawaku.svg/90px-Map_of_Wari_and_Tiawaku.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Map_of_Wari_and_Tiawaku.svg/120px-Map_of_Wari_and_Tiawaku.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="267" data-file-height="365" /></a><figcaption>Tiwanaku fl-akbar firxa territorjali tagħha, AD 950 (konfini attwali murija))</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Tupac-inca-yupanqui-small.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Tupac-inca-yupanqui-small.png/60px-Tupac-inca-yupanqui-small.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Tupac-inca-yupanqui-small.png/90px-Tupac-inca-yupanqui-small.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Tupac-inca-yupanqui-small.png/120px-Tupac-inca-yupanqui-small.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="550" /></a><figcaption>Tpinġija ta' Guaman Poma fl-1615 ta' Topa Inca Yupanqui (Sapa Inca X, 1471-1493)</figcaption></figure> <p>L-ewwel evidenza tal-preżenza umana fit-territorju Peruvjan tmur lura għal madwar 12,500 QK fl-insedjament ta' Huaca Prieta. Is-soċjetajiet Andini kienu bbażati fuq l-agrikoltura, bl-użu ta' tekniki bħal tisqija u terrazzi; It-trobbija u s-sajd tal-kamelids kienu importanti wkoll. L-organizzazzjoni kienet tiddependi fuq ir-reċiproċità u r-ridistribuzzjoni għaliex dawn is-soċjetajiet ma kellhom l-ebda kunċett ta' suq jew flus. L-eqdem soċjetà kumplessa magħrufa fil-Perù, iċ-ċiviltà Caral/Norte Chico, iffjorixxiet tul il-kosta tal-Oċean Paċifiku bejn 3,000 u 1,800 QK Dawn l-iżviluppi bikrija kienu segwiti minn kulturi arkeoloġiċi li żviluppaw prinċipalment madwar ir-reġjuni kostali u Andini madwar il-Perù. Il-kultura Cupisnique li ffjorixxiet madwar 1000 sa 200 QK. tul dik li llum hija l-kosta tal-Paċifiku tal-Peru kien eżempju ta' kultura bikrija ta' qabel l-Inka. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Vitcos_-_Rosaspata_(parcial).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Vitcos_-_Rosaspata_%28parcial%29.jpg/220px-Vitcos_-_Rosaspata_%28parcial%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Vitcos_-_Rosaspata_%28parcial%29.jpg/330px-Vitcos_-_Rosaspata_%28parcial%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Vitcos_-_Rosaspata_%28parcial%29.jpg/440px-Vitcos_-_Rosaspata_%28parcial%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Vitcos (Rosaspata) sit arkeoloġiku</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Choquequirao_Plaza.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Choquequirao_Plaza.JPG/220px-Choquequirao_Plaza.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Choquequirao_Plaza.JPG/330px-Choquequirao_Plaza.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Choquequirao_Plaza.JPG/440px-Choquequirao_Plaza.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption>Choquequirao</figcaption></figure> <p>Il-kultura Chavín, li żviluppat bejn l-1500 u t-300 QK, x'aktarx kien fenomenu aktar reliġjuż milli politiku, biċ-ċentru reliġjuż tiegħu f'Chavín de Huántar. Wara t-tnaqqis tal-kultura Chavín fil-bidu tas-seklu 1 AD, serje ta' kulturi lokalizzati u speċjalizzati telgħu u niżlu, kemm fuq il-kosta kif ukoll fl-artijiet għolja, matul l-elf sena ta' wara. Fuq il-kosta, dawn kienu jinkludu ċ-ċiviltajiet ta' Paracas, Nazca, Wari u l-aktar prominenti Chimú u Moche. </p><p>Il- Moche, li laħqu l- quċċata tagħhom fl- ewwel millennju AD, kienu famużi għas- sistema ta' tisqija tagħhom li fertilizzat it- art niexfa tagħhom, il- fuħħar sofistikat tagħhom, il- bini għoli, u x- xogħol tal- metall inġenjuż tagħhom. Il-Chimú kienu l-bennejja tal-belt il-kbar taċ-ċiviltà ta' qabel l-Inka; Bħala konfederazzjoni laxka ta' bliet b’ħitan imxerrda tul il-kosta tat-Tramuntana tal-Perù, iċ-Chimú iffjorixxiet minn madwar 1140 sal-1450. Il-kapitali tagħhom kienet f’Chan Chan fil-periferija ta' Trujillo tal-lum. Fl-artijiet għolja, kemm il-kultura Tiahuanaco, ħdejn il-Lag Titicaca fil-Perù u l-Bolivja, kif ukoll il-kultura Wari, ħdejn il-belt attwali ta' Ayacucho, żviluppaw insedjamenti urbani kbar u sistemi statali wiesgħa bejn il-500 u l-1000 AD. </p><p>Fis-seklu 15, l-Incas ħarġu bħala stat qawwi li, fi żmien seklu, iffurmaw l-akbar imperu fl-Ameriki prekolombjani bil-kapitali tiegħu f'Cusco. L-Incas ta 'Cusco oriġinarjament irrappreżentaw wieħed mill-gruppi etniċi żgħar u relattivament minuri, il-Quechuas. Gradwalment, kmieni fis-seklu 13, bdew jespandu u jinkorporaw lill-ġirien tagħhom. L-espansjoni tal-Inka kienet bil-mod sa madwar nofs is-seklu 15, meta l-pass tal-konkwista beda jaċċellera, partikolarment taħt il-ħakma tal-Imperatur Pachacuti. Taħt il-ħakma tiegħu u ta' ibnu, Topa Inca Yupanqui, l-Incas waslu biex jikkontrollaw il-biċċa l-kbira tar-reġjun Andin, b'popolazzjoni ta' 9 sa 16-il miljun abitant taħt il-ħakma tagħhom. Pachacuti ippromulga wkoll kodiċi komprensiv ta' liġijiet biex jirregola l-imperu estensiv tiegħu, filwaqt li kkonsolida l-awtorità temporali u spiritwali assoluta tiegħu bħala l-Alla tax-Xemx li ħakem minn Cusco rikostruwit b'mod magnífico. Mill-1438 sal-1533, l-Incas użaw varjetà ta' metodi, minn konkwista sa assimilazzjoni paċifika, biex jinkorporaw parti kbira tal-Punent tal-Amerika t’Isfel, iċċentrata fuq il-meded muntanjużi Andini, min-Nofsinhar tal-Kolombja sat-Tramuntana taċ-Ċili, bejn l-Oċean Paċifiku fil-punent. u l-foresti tropikali tal-Amażonja fil-lvant. Il-lingwa uffiċjali tal-imperu kienet il-Quechua, għalkemm kienu mitkellma mijiet ta' lingwi u djaletti lokali. L-Incas irreferew għall-imperu tagħhom bħala Tawantinsuyu li jista 'jiġi tradott bħala "L-Erbgħa Reġjuni" jew "L-Erba' Provinċji Magħquda." Ħafna forom lokali ta' qima baqgħu jippersistu fl-imperu, ħafna minnhom relatati ma' huacas sagri lokali, iżda t-tmexxija tal-Inka ħeġġet il-kult ta' Inti, l-alla tax-xemx, u imponiet is-sovranità tiegħu fuq kulti oħra bħal dik ta' Pachamama. L-Incas qiesu lis-sultan tagħhom, is-Sapa Inca, bħala l-“iben tax-xemx”. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Konkwista_u_perjodu_kolonjali">Konkwista u perjodu kolonjali</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Konkwista u perjodu kolonjali" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Konkwista u perjodu kolonjali"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:The_story_of_the_greatest_nations;_a_comprehensive_history,_extending_from_the_earliest_times_to_the_present,_founded_on_the_most_modern_authorities,_and_including_chronological_summaries_and_(14579774088).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/The_story_of_the_greatest_nations%3B_a_comprehensive_history%2C_extending_from_the_earliest_times_to_the_present%2C_founded_on_the_most_modern_authorities%2C_and_including_chronological_summaries_and_%2814579774088%29.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/The_story_of_the_greatest_nations%3B_a_comprehensive_history%2C_extending_from_the_earliest_times_to_the_present%2C_founded_on_the_most_modern_authorities%2C_and_including_chronological_summaries_and_%2814579774088%29.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/The_story_of_the_greatest_nations%3B_a_comprehensive_history%2C_extending_from_the_earliest_times_to_the_present%2C_founded_on_the_most_modern_authorities%2C_and_including_chronological_summaries_and_%2814579774088%29.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2028" data-file-height="3008" /></a><figcaption>Wieħed mill-avvenimenti ewlenin tal-konkwista tal-Perù kien il-mewt ta' Atahualpa, l-aħħar Sapa Inca, eżegwiti mill-Ispanjoli fid-29 ta' Awwissu, 1533.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:MapaPeruMannessonMallet1683fr.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/MapaPeruMannessonMallet1683fr.JPG/220px-MapaPeruMannessonMallet1683fr.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="316" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/MapaPeruMannessonMallet1683fr.JPG/330px-MapaPeruMannessonMallet1683fr.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/MapaPeruMannessonMallet1683fr.JPG/440px-MapaPeruMannessonMallet1683fr.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1496" data-file-height="2146" /></a><figcaption>Mappa tal-Peru. 1683. Verżjoni bil-Franċiż</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Map_of_the_Viceroyalty_of_Peru_(de_jure_%2B_de_facto).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Map_of_the_Viceroyalty_of_Peru_%28de_jure_%2B_de_facto%29.svg/220px-Map_of_the_Viceroyalty_of_Peru_%28de_jure_%2B_de_facto%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Map_of_the_Viceroyalty_of_Peru_%28de_jure_%2B_de_facto%29.svg/330px-Map_of_the_Viceroyalty_of_Peru_%28de_jure_%2B_de_facto%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Map_of_the_Viceroyalty_of_Peru_%28de_jure_%2B_de_facto%29.svg/440px-Map_of_the_Viceroyalty_of_Peru_%28de_jure_%2B_de_facto%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3121" data-file-height="1586" /></a><figcaption>Viċi-realtà tal-Perù, ir-Renju tal-Peru 1542-1824 Post tal-Viċi-realtà tal-Peru: territorju inizjali 1542-1718 aħdar ċar u territorju finali de jure 1776-1824 aħdar skur)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Nusta_hispana_08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Nusta_hispana_08.jpg/220px-Nusta_hispana_08.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Nusta_hispana_08.jpg/330px-Nusta_hispana_08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Nusta_hispana_08.jpg/440px-Nusta_hispana_08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Is-santwarju ta' Yuraq Rumi, li nħaraq mill-qassisin Spanjoli fl-1570) Reino de las Cuatro Partes-Estado Neo-Inca-Tawantinsuyu 1537-1572</figcaption></figure> <p>Atahualpa (ukoll Atahuallpa), l-aħħar Sapa Inca, sar imperatur meta għeleb u eżekuta lil nofs ħuh il-kbir Huáscar fi gwerra ċivili li nqalgħet mill-mewt ta' missieru, Inca Huayna Capac. F'Diċembru 1532, grupp ta' konkwistaturi (appoġġati mill-Chankas, Huancas, Cañaris u Chachapoyas bħala awżiljarji indiġeni) immexxija minn Francisco Pizarro għelbu u qabdu lill-imperatur Inca Atahualpa fil-Battalja ta' Cajamarca. Wara snin ta' esplorazzjoni preliminari u kunflitt militari, kien l-ewwel pass f'kampanja twila li ħadet għexieren ta' snin ta' ġlied iżda spiċċat b'rebħa Spanjola u kolonizzazzjoni tar-reġjun magħruf bħala l-Viċi-Realtà tal-Perù bil-kapitali tiegħu f'Lima, li dak iż-żmien kienet magħrufa bħala "Il-Belt tar-Rejiet". Il-konkwista tal-Perù tat lok għal kampanji komplementari matul il-viċi-realtà, kif ukoll spedizzjonijiet lejn il-baċin tal-Amażonja, bħal fil-każ tal-isforzi Spanjoli biex titnaqqas ir-reżistenza Amerindja. L-aħħar reżistenza tal-Inka ġiet imrażżna meta l-Ispanjol annihilaw l-Istat Neo-Inka f'Vilcabamba fl-1572. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Plaza_de_Cusco_Allison_Bellido.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Plaza_de_Cusco_Allison_Bellido.jpg/220px-Plaza_de_Cusco_Allison_Bellido.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Plaza_de_Cusco_Allison_Bellido.jpg/330px-Plaza_de_Cusco_Allison_Bellido.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Plaza_de_Cusco_Allison_Bellido.jpg/440px-Plaza_de_Cusco_Allison_Bellido.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="1824" /></a><figcaption>Cuzco</figcaption></figure> <p>Il-popolazzjoni indiġena waqgħet b'mod drammatiku ħafna minħabba mard epidemiku introdott mill-Ispanjoli, kif ukoll sfruttament u bidla soċjoekonomika. Il-Viciroy Francisco de Toledo organizza mill-ġdid il-pajjiż fis-snin 1570 bil-minjieri tad-deheb u l-fidda bħala l-attività ekonomika ewlenija tiegħu u x-xogħol furzat Amerindijan bħala l-forza tax-xogħol prinċipali tagħha. Bl-iskoperta tal-vini l-kbar tal-fidda u tad-deheb f'Potosí (il-Bolivja tal-lum) u Huancavelica, il-viċi-realtà iffjorixxiet bħala fornitur ewlieni ta' riżorsi minerali. L-ingotti Peruvjani pprovdew dħul lill-Kuruna Spanjola u alimentaw netwerk kummerċjali kumpless li estiż għall-Ewropa u l-Filippini. L-iskambji kummerċjali u tal-popolazzjoni bejn l-Amerika Latina u l-Asja mwettqa permezz tal-galluni ta' Manila li tranżitaw minn Acapulco, kellhom lil Callao fil-Peru bħala l-aktar punt ta' tmiem tar-rotta kummerċjali fl-Ameriki. B'rabta ma' dan, Don Sebastián Hurtado de Corcuera, gvernatur tal-Panama kien ukoll responsabbli biex iwaqqaf il-belt ta' Zamboanga fil-Filippini bl-użu ta' suldati u settlers Peruvjani. Skjavi Afrikani ġew miżjuda mal-popolazzjoni tax-xogħol biex jespandu l-forza tax-xogħol. L-espansjoni ta 'apparat amministrattiv kolonjali u burokrazija parallela r-riorganizzazzjoni ekonomika. Mal-konkwista bdiet l-espansjoni tal-Kristjaneżmu fl-Amerika t'Isfel; Il-biċċa l-kbira tan-nies ġew ikkonvertiti bil-forza għall-Kattoliċiżmu, u l-kleru Spanjoli emmnu, bħal teologi Puritani fil-kolonji Ingliżi aktar tard, li l-popli indiġeni "kienu korrotti mix-xitan, li kien qed jaħdem" permezz tagħhom biex jiffrustraw" il-pedamenti tagħhom ġenerazzjoni waħda biex jikkonvertu l-popolazzjoni Huma bnew knejjes fl-ibliet kollha u sostitwit xi tempji Inca bi knejjes, bħall-Coricancha fil-belt ta' Cusco Il-knisja impjegat l-Inquisition, jagħmlu użu mill-tortura biex jiżguraw li għadhom kif konvertiti Il-Kattoliċi ma tbiegħdux lejn reliġjonijiet jew twemmin ieħor, u skejjel tal-monasteru, jedukaw lill-bniet, speċjalment tan-nobbli Inka u tal-klassi għolja, "sakemm kienu kbar biżżejjed biex professaw [ isiru sorijiet] jew jitilqu mill-monasteru u jassumu r-rwol ("stat" ) fis-soċjetà Nisranija li l-ġenituri tagħhom ippjanaw li jwaqqfu" fil-Peru. Il-Kattoliċiżmu Peruvjan isegwi s-sinkretiżmu misjub f'ħafna pajjiżi tal-Amerika Latina, li fihom ritwali reliġjużi indiġeni huma integrati maċ-ċelebrazzjonijiet Kristjani. F'dan l-isforz, il-knisja bdiet taqdi rwol importanti fl-akkulturazzjoni tal-indiġeni, u ġibdethom fl-orbita kulturali tas-settlers Spanjoli. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Catedral_Arequipa,_Peru.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Catedral_Arequipa%2C_Peru.jpg/220px-Catedral_Arequipa%2C_Peru.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Catedral_Arequipa%2C_Peru.jpg/330px-Catedral_Arequipa%2C_Peru.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Catedral_Arequipa%2C_Peru.jpg/440px-Catedral_Arequipa%2C_Peru.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2144" data-file-height="1377" /></a><figcaption>Kolonjali Arequipa</figcaption></figure> <p>Fis-seklu 18, it-tnaqqis fil-produzzjoni tal-fidda u d-diversifikazzjoni ekonomika naqqsu ħafna d-dħul irjali. B'reazzjoni, il-Kuruna ppromulga r-Riformi Borboni, sensiela ta' editti li żiedu t-taxxi u qasmu l-Viċireyalty. Il-liġijiet il-ġodda pprovokaw ir-ribelljoni ta' Túpac Amaru II u rewwixti oħra, li kollha ġew repressi. Bħala riżultat ta' dawn u bidliet oħra, l-Ispanjol u s-suċċessuri Kreoli tagħhom waslu biex jimmonopolizzaw il-kontroll fuq l-art, u ħatfu ħafna mill-aqwa artijiet abbandunati minn depopolazzjoni indiġena massiva. Madankollu, l-Ispanjol ma rreżistiex l-espansjoni Portugiża tal-Brażil madwar il-meridjan. It-Trattat ta' Tordesillas inqatgħet bla sens bejn l-1580 u l-1640 filwaqt li Spanja kienet tikkontrolla l-Portugall. Il-ħtieġa li jiġu ffaċilitati l-komunikazzjoni u l-kummerċ ma' Spanja wasslet għall-qasma tal-viċi-realtà u l-ħolqien ta' viċi-realtajiet ġodda ta' New Granada u Río de la Plata għad-detriment tat-territorji li ffurmaw il-Viċi-realtà tal-Perù; Dan naqqas il-poter, il-prominenza u l-importanza ta' Lima bħala kapital viċiregali u ċċaqlaq il-kummerċ Andin qligħ lejn Buenos Aires u Bogotá, filwaqt li t-tnaqqis fil-produzzjoni tal-minjieri u tat-tessuti aċċellera t-tnaqqis progressiv tal-Viċiroyalty tal-Perù. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Juan_Santos_Atahualpa_1747_Quimiri.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Juan_Santos_Atahualpa_1747_Quimiri.jpg/220px-Juan_Santos_Atahualpa_1747_Quimiri.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Juan_Santos_Atahualpa_1747_Quimiri.jpg/330px-Juan_Santos_Atahualpa_1747_Quimiri.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Juan_Santos_Atahualpa_1747_Quimiri.jpg/440px-Juan_Santos_Atahualpa_1747_Quimiri.jpg 2x" data-file-width="753" data-file-height="443" /></a><figcaption>Juan Santos u l-partitarji tiegħu jikkonfrontaw saċerdoti Franġiskani.</figcaption></figure> <p>Eventwalment, il-viċi-realtà kienet se tinħall, kif għamlet ħafna mill-imperu Spanjol, meta kien ikkontestat minn movimenti ta' indipendenza nazzjonali fil-bidu tas-seklu 19. Dawn il-movimenti wasslu għall-formazzjoni tal-biċċa l-kbira tal-pajjiżi tal-Amerika t'Isfel tal-lum fit-territorji li xi żmien jew ieħor kienu jikkostitwixxu l-Viċirejaltà tal-Perù. Il-konkwista u l-kolonja ġabu taħlita ta 'kulturi u etniċi li ma' kinux jeżistu qabel ma l-Ispanjol ħakmu t-territorju Peruvjan. Għalkemm ħafna mit-tradizzjonijiet tal-Inka intilfu jew ġew dilwiti, ġew miżjuda drawwiet, tradizzjonijiet u għarfien ġodda, u ħolqu kultura Peruvjana mħallta rikka. Tnejn mill-aktar ribelljonijiet indiġeni importanti kontra l-Ispanjoli kienu dak ta' Juan Santos Atahualpa fl-1742 u r-Ribelljoni ta' Tupac Amaru II fl-1780 fl-artijiet għolja qrib Cuzco. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Realfelipe.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Realfelipe.JPG/220px-Realfelipe.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Realfelipe.JPG/330px-Realfelipe.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Realfelipe.JPG/440px-Realfelipe.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>Quddiem il-Fortizza Real Felipe. (Frente del Fuerte del Real Felipe)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Interiores_de_la_fortaleza_del_Real_Felipe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Interiores_de_la_fortaleza_del_Real_Felipe.jpg/220px-Interiores_de_la_fortaleza_del_Real_Felipe.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Interiores_de_la_fortaleza_del_Real_Felipe.jpg/330px-Interiores_de_la_fortaleza_del_Real_Felipe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Interiores_de_la_fortaleza_del_Real_Felipe.jpg/440px-Interiores_de_la_fortaleza_del_Real_Felipe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Fortizza Real Felipe. (Fuerte del Real Felipe)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indipendenza">Indipendenza</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Indipendenza" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Indipendenza"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=mt&wpDestFile=Batalla_de_Ayacucho_por_Mart%C3%ADn_Tovar_y_Tovar_(1827_-_1902).jpg" class="new" title="Stampa:Batalla de Ayacucho por Martín Tovar y Tovar (1827 - 1902).jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="180">Stampa:Batalla de Ayacucho por Martín Tovar y Tovar (1827 - 1902).jpg</span></a><figcaption>Il-Battalja ta' Ayacucho kienet deċiżiva biex tiġi żgurata l-indipendenza tal-Peru.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Capitulaci%C3%B3n_de_Ayacucho1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Capitulaci%C3%B3n_de_Ayacucho1.jpg/220px-Capitulaci%C3%B3n_de_Ayacucho1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Capitulaci%C3%B3n_de_Ayacucho1.jpg/330px-Capitulaci%C3%B3n_de_Ayacucho1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Capitulaci%C3%B3n_de_Ayacucho1.jpg/440px-Capitulaci%C3%B3n_de_Ayacucho1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3833" data-file-height="2879" /></a><figcaption>Il-kapitulazzjoni ta' Ayacucho minn Daniel Hernández Morillo.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:La_casa_de_Emacipacion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/La_casa_de_Emacipacion.jpg/220px-La_casa_de_Emacipacion.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/La_casa_de_Emacipacion.jpg/330px-La_casa_de_Emacipacion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/La_casa_de_Emacipacion.jpg/440px-La_casa_de_Emacipacion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1636" /></a><figcaption>Id-Dar tal-Kapitulazzjoni f'Quinua, Ayacucho</figcaption></figure> <p>Fil-bidu tas-seklu 19, filwaqt li l-biċċa l-kbira tan-nazzjonijiet ta' l-Amerika t'Isfel kienu fi gwerer ta' indipendenza, il-Perù baqa' fortizza royalista. Filwaqt li l-elite tħawwad bejn l-emanċipazzjoni u l-lealtà lejn il-monarkija Spanjola, l-indipendenza nkisbet biss wara l-okkupazzjoni mill-kampanji militari ta' José de San Martín u Simón Bolívar. </p><p>Il-kriżijiet ekonomiċi, it-telf tal-poter ta' Spanja fl-Ewropa, il-gwerra ta' indipendenza fl-Amerika ta' Fuq u r-rewwixti indiġeni kkontribwew għall-ħolqien ta' klima favorevoli għall-iżvilupp ta' ideat emanċipatorji fost il-popolazzjoni kreola tal-Amerika t'Isfel. Madankollu, l-oligarkija Creole fil-Perù gawdiet privileġġi u baqgħet leali lejn il-Kuruna Spanjola. Il-moviment tal-ħelsien beda fl-Arġentina, fejn inħolqu bordijiet awtonomi bħala riżultat tat-telf tal-awtorità tal-gvern Spanjol fuq il-kolonji tiegħu. </p><p>Wara li ġġieled għall-indipendenza tal-Viċi-Reali tar-Río de la Plata, José de San Martín ħoloq l-Armata tal-Andes u qasam il-firxa tal-muntanji f'21 jum. Ladarba fiċ-Ċili, ingħaqad mal-Ġeneral tal-Armata Ċilena Bernardo O'Higgins u ħeles il-pajjiż fil-battalji ta' Chacabuco u Maipú fl-1818. Fis-7 ta' Settembru, 1820, waslet flotta ta' tmien bastimenti tal-gwerra taħt il-kmand tal-Ġeneral José de San Martín u Thomas Cochrane, li servew fil-Navy Ċilena. Minnufih, fis-26 ta' Ottubru, ħadu l-kontroll tal-belt ta' Pisco. San Martín stabbilixxa ruħu f'Huacho fit-12 ta' Novembru, fejn stabbilixxa l-kwartieri ġenerali tiegħu filwaqt li Cochrane salpa lejn it-tramuntana u mblokka l-port ta' Callao f'Lima. Fl-istess ħin, fit-tramuntana, Guayaquil kienet okkupata minn forzi ribelli taħt il-kmand ta' Gregorio Escobedo. Peress li l-Perù kien il-fortizza tal-gvern Spanjol fl-Amerika t'Isfel, l-istrateġija ta' San Martín biex jeħles lill-pajjiż kienet li juża d-diplomazija. Hu bagħat rappreżentanti f’Lima biex iħeġġeġ lill-viċirej jagħti l-indipendenza lill-Perù; Madankollu, in-negozjati kollha ma rnexxewx. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Proclamaci%C3%B3n_de_la_Independencia_del_Per%C3%BA.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Proclamaci%C3%B3n_de_la_Independencia_del_Per%C3%BA.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Proclamaci%C3%B3n_de_la_Independencia_del_Per%C3%BA.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Proclamaci%C3%B3n_de_la_Independencia_del_Per%C3%BA.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Proclamaci%C3%B3n_de_la_Independencia_del_Per%C3%BA.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Proclamaci%C3%B3n_de_la_Independencia_del_Per%C3%BA.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Proclamaci%C3%B3n_de_la_Independencia_del_Per%C3%BA.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4794" data-file-height="3288" /></a><figcaption>San Martín jipproklama l-indipendenza tal-Peru. Pittura ta' Juan Lepiani.</figcaption></figure> <p>Il-viċire tal-Perù, Joaquín de la Pazuela, ħatar lil José de la Serna bħala kap kmandant tal-armata leali biex jipproteġi lil Lima mit-theddida ta' invażjoni minn San Martín. Fid-29 ta' Jannar, de la Serna organizza kolp ta' stat kontra de la Pazuela, li kienet rikonoxxuta minn Spanja u nħatar viċi re tal-Perù. Din il-ġlieda interna għall-poter ikkontribwiet għas-suċċess tal-armata li tillibera. Biex jevita konfrontazzjoni militari, San Martín iltaqa’ mal-viċire li kien għadu kif ġie maħtur, José de la Serna, u ppropona li tinħoloq monarkija kostituzzjonali, proposta li ġiet miċħuda. De la Serna abbanduna l-belt u fit-12 ta' Lulju, 1821, San Martín okkupa Lima u ddikjara l-indipendenza tal-Peru fit-28 ta' Lulju, 1821. Ħoloq l-ewwel bandiera Peruvjana. Il-Peru ta' Fuq (il-Bolivja tal-lum) baqgħet fortizza Spanjola sakemm l-armata ta' Simón Bolívar ħelsetha tliet snin wara. José de San Martín ġie ddikjarat Protettur tal-Perù. L-identità nazzjonali Peruvjana ġiet iffurmata matul dan il-perjodu, filwaqt li proġetti Bolivariani għal Konfederazzjoni Latino-Amerikana fallew u għaqda mal-Bolivja wriet li damet ħajja qasira. </p><p>Simón Bolívar nieda l-kampanja tiegħu mit-tramuntana, u ħeles lill-Viċi-Reali ta' New Granada fil-Battalja ta' Carabobo fl-1821 u Pichincha sena wara. F'Lulju 1822, Bolívar u San Martín iltaqgħu fil-Konferenza ta' Guayaquil. Bolívar tħalla responsabbli mill-ħelsien totali tal-Perù filwaqt li San Martín irtira mill-politika wara li ltaqa' l-ewwel parlament. Il-Kungress Peruvjan li għadu kif twaqqaf sejjaħ Bolívar dittatur tal-Perù, u tah is-setgħa li jorganizza l-armata. </p><p>Bl-għajnuna ta' Antonio José de Sucre, għelbu lill-armata Spanjola fil-Battalja ta’ Junín fis-6 ta' Awwissu, 1824 u fil-Battalja deċiżiva ta' Ayacucho fid-9 ta' Diċembru tal-istess sena, u kkonsolidaw l-indipendenza tal-Peru u l-Peru ta' Fuq. Il-Peru ta' fuq ġie stabbilit aktar tard bħala l-Bolivja. Matul l-ewwel snin tar-Repubblika, ġlidiet endemiċi għall-poter fost il-mexxejja militari kkawżaw instabbiltà politika. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="seklu_19">seklu 19</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: seklu 19" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: seklu 19"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Angamos2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Angamos2.jpg/220px-Angamos2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Angamos2.jpg/330px-Angamos2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Angamos2.jpg/440px-Angamos2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption>Il-Battalja ta' Angamos, matul il-Gwerra tal-Paċifiku</figcaption></figure> <p>Mis-snin 1840 sas-snin 60, il-Perù gawda minn perjodu ta' stabbiltà taħt il-presidenza ta' Ramón Castilla, grazzi għal żieda fid-dħul tal-istat mill-esportazzjonijiet tal-guano. Madankollu, sas-snin sebgħin dawn ir-riżorsi kienu ġew eżawriti, il-pajjiż kien dejn ħafna, u l-ġlied politiku reġa' kien qed jiżdied. Il-Perù imbarka fuq programm ta' kostruzzjoni ta' ferroviji li għen iżda wkoll ifalli l-pajjiż. </p><p>Fl-1879 il-Peru daħal fil-Gwerra tal-Paċifiku, li damet sa l-1884. Il-Bolivja invokat l-alleanza tagħha mal-Peru kontra ċ-Ċilì. Il-gvern Peruvjan ipprova jimmedja t-tilwima billi bagħat tim diplomatiku biex jinnegozja mal-gvern Ċilen, iżda l-kumitat ikkonkluda li l-gwerra kienet inevitabbli. Iċ-Ċili ddikjara gwerra fil-5 ta' April, 1879. Kważi ħames snin ta' gwerra spiċċaw bit-telf tad-dipartiment ta' Tarapacá u l-provinċji ta' Tacna u Arica, fir-reġjun ta' Atacama. Żewġ mexxejja militari prominenti matul il-gwerra kienu Francisco Bolognesi u Miguel Grau. Oriġinarjament iċ-Ċilì impenjat ruħha għal referendum għall-ibliet ta' Arica u Tacna li kien se jsir snin wara, biex tiddetermina l-affiljazzjoni nazzjonali tagħhom stess. Madankollu, iċ-Ċilì irrifjuta li japplika t-Trattat, u l-ebda pajjiż ma kien kapaċi jiddetermina l-qafas statutorju. Wara l-Gwerra tal-Paċifiku, beda sforz straordinarju ta' rikostruzzjoni. Il-gvern beda jibda sensiela ta' riformi soċjali u ekonomiċi biex jirkupra mill-ħsarat tal-gwerra. L-istabbiltà politika nkisbet biss fil-bidu tas-seklu 20. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="seklu_20">seklu 20</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: seklu 20" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: seklu 20"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Mapa_del_Per%C3%BA_(1913).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Mapa_del_Per%C3%BA_%281913%29.jpg/220px-Mapa_del_Per%C3%BA_%281913%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Mapa_del_Per%C3%BA_%281913%29.jpg/330px-Mapa_del_Per%C3%BA_%281913%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Mapa_del_Per%C3%BA_%281913%29.jpg/440px-Mapa_del_Per%C3%BA_%281913%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7205" data-file-height="10484" /></a><figcaption>Mappa ta' 1913</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Protocolo_de_R%C3%ADo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Protocolo_de_R%C3%ADo.jpg/220px-Protocolo_de_R%C3%ADo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Protocolo_de_R%C3%ADo.jpg/330px-Protocolo_de_R%C3%ADo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Protocolo_de_R%C3%ADo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="380" data-file-height="550" /></a><figcaption>L-iffirmar tal-Protokoll ta' Rio f'Jannar 1942</figcaption></figure> <p>Il-ġlied intern ta' wara l-gwerra kien segwit minn perjodu ta' stabbiltà taħt il-Partit Ċivilista, li dam sal-bidu tar-reġim awtoritarju ta' Augusto B. Leguía. Id-Depressjoni l-Kbira wasslet għall-waqgħa ta' Leguía, inkwiet politiku mġedded, u ż-żieda tal-Alleanza Rivoluzzjonarja Popolari Amerikana (APRA). Ir-rivalità bejn din l-organizzazzjoni u koalizzjoni tal-elite u l-militar iddefiniet il-politika Peruvjana għat-tliet deċennji li ġejjin. Trattat ta' paċi finali fl-1929, iffirmat bejn il-Perù u ċ-Ċilì imsejjaħ it-Trattat ta' Lima, irritorna lil Tacna lill-Peru. Bejn l-1932 u l-1933, il-Perù kien involut fi gwerra għal sena mal-Kolombja dwar tilwima territorjali li kienet tinvolvi d-Dipartiment tal-Amazonas u l-kapitali tiegħu Leticia. </p><p>Fl-1941 il-Perù u l-Ekwador ħabtu fil-Gwerra Peruvjana-Ekwadorjana, u wara l-Protokoll ta' Rio fittex li jifformalizza l-fruntiera bejn dawk iż-żewġ pajjiżi. F'kolp ta' stat militari fid-29 ta' Ottubru, 1948, il-Ġeneral Manuel A. Odría sar president. Il-presidenza ta' Odría kienet magħrufa bħala l-Ochenio. Kien iebsa mal-APRA, momentarjament pandered mal-oligarkija u lil kull min iehor fuq il-lemin, imma mexa triq populista li rebhulu favur kbir mal-fqar u l-klassijiet baxxi. Ekonomija prospera ppermettielu jgawdi minn politiki soċjali għaljin iżda li jakkomodaw il-massa. Fl-istess ħin, madankollu, id-drittijiet ċivili kienu ristretti ħafna u l-korruzzjoni kienet rampanti matul ir-reġim tiegħu. Odría kien suċċessur minn Manuel Prado Ugarteche. Madankollu, akkużi mifruxa ta' frodi wasslu lill-militar Peruvjan biex iwarrab Prado u jinstalla ġunta militari, permezz ta' kolp ta' stat immexxi minn Ricardo Pérez Godoy. Godoy mexxa gvern tranżitorju qasir u kellu elezzjonijiet ġodda fl-1963, li ntrebħu minn Fernando Belaúnde Terry, li ħa l-presidenza sal-1968. Belaúnde ġie rikonoxxut għall-impenn tiegħu għall-proċess demokratiku. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Junta_Militar_de_1968.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Junta_Militar_de_1968.jpg/220px-Junta_Militar_de_1968.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Junta_Militar_de_1968.jpg/330px-Junta_Militar_de_1968.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Junta_Militar_de_1968.jpg/440px-Junta_Militar_de_1968.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="482" /></a><figcaption>Ġunta Militari tal-1968.</figcaption></figure> <p>Fit-3 ta' Ottubru, 1968, kolp ta' stat ġdid immexxi minn grupp ta' uffiċjali mmexxi mill-Ġeneral Juan Velasco Alvarado ġab l-armata fil-poter bil-għan li tiġi applikata duttrina ta' “progress soċjali u żvilupp integrali”, nazzjonalista u riformista, influwenzata. mit-teżijiet tal-ECLAC dwar id-dipendenza u s-sottożvilupp. Sitt ijiem wara l-kolp ta' stat, Velasco ipproċediet biex nazzjonalizza l-Korporazzjoni Internazzjonali tal-Pitrolju (IPC), il-kumpanija tal-Amerika ta' Fuq li sfruttat iż-żejt Peruvjan, u mbagħad wettaq riforma tal-apparat tal-stat, riforma agrarja. Kienet l-akbar riforma agrarja li qatt saret fl-Amerika Latina: abolit is-sistema latifundista u mmodernizzat l-agrikoltura permezz ta' ridistribuzzjoni aktar ġusta tal-art (90% tal-bdiewa ffurmaw kooperattivi jew soċjetajiet agrikoli ta' interess soċjali). L-art saret propjetà ta' dawk li kkultivawha u s-sidien il-kbar ġew esproprjati. L-uniċi proprjetajiet kbar permessi kienu kooperattivi. Bejn l-1969 u l-1976, 325,000 familja rċevew art b'erja medja ta' 29.8 ettaru mill-Stat. Il-“gvern rivoluzzjonarju” ippjana wkoll investimenti kbar fl-edukazzjoni, għolla l-lingwa Quechua – mitkellma minn kważi nofs il-popolazzjoni iżda sa dak iż-żmien disprezzata mill-awtoritajiet – għal status ekwivalenti għall-Ispanjol, u stabbilixxa drittijiet ugwali għat-tfal naturali. Il-Perù ried jeħles minn kull dipendenza u wettaq politika barranija tat-Tielet Dinja. L-Istati Uniti wieġbu bi pressjonijiet kummerċjali, ekonomiċi u diplomatiċi. Fl-1973, il-Perù deher li jirbaħ fuq l-imblokk finanzjarju impost minn Washington billi nnegozja self mill-Bank Internazzjonali għall-Iżvilupp biex jiffinanzja l-politika tiegħu għall-iżvilupp agrikolu u tal-minjieri. Ir-relazzjonijiet maċ-Ċilì saru tensi ħafna wara l-kolp ta' stat tal-Ġeneral Pinochet. Il-Ġeneral Edgardo Mercado Jarrín (Prim Ministru u Kmandant Kap tal-Armata) u l-Ammirall Guillermo Faura Gaig (Ministru tan-Navy) ħarbu minn attentati ta' qtil fi żmien ftit ġimgħat ta' xulxin. Fl-1975, il-Ġeneral Francisco Morales Bermúdez Cerruti ħa l-poter u kiser il-politika tal-predeċessur tiegħu. Ir-reġim tiegħu kultant ipparteċipa fl-Operazzjoni Condor b'kollaborazzjoni ma' dittatorjati militari oħra. </p><p>Il-Perù kien involut f'kunflitt ta' ġimgħatejn mal-Ekwador waqt il-Gwerra ta' Paquisha fil-bidu tal-1981 bħala riżultat ta' tilwima territorjali bejn iż-żewġ pajjiżi. Il-politika ekonomika tal-President Alan García kompliet tbiegħed lill-Perù mis-swieq internazzjonali, u rriżultat f'inqas investiment barrani fil-pajjiż. Wara li l-pajjiż esperjenza inflazzjoni kronika, il-munita Peruvjana, is-sol, ġiet sostitwita bl-inti f'nofs l-1985, li mbagħad ġiet sostitwita aktar tard mill-sol il-ġdid f'Lulju 1991, f'liema żmien is-sol il-ġdid kellu valur kumulattiv ta' wieħed. biljun qigħan qodma. Id-dħul annwali per capita tal-Peruvjani niżel għal $720 (taħt il-livell tal-1960) u l-PGD tal-Perù naqas 20%, f'liema ħin ir-riżervi nazzjonali kienu negattivi ta' $900 miljun. It-taqlib ekonomiku ta' dak iż-żmien aggravat it-tensjonijiet soċjali fil-Perù u kkontribwixxa parzjalment għaż-żieda ta' movimenti terroristiċi ribelli rurali vjolenti, bħas-Shining Path u l-MRTA, li ħolqu ħerba kbira fil-pajjiż kollu.. </p><p>Alberto Fujimori ħa l-presidenza fl-1990 u, skont Rospigliosi, il-kap tas-Servizz tal-Intelliġenza Nazzjonali (SIN), il-Ġeneral Edwin "Cucharita" Díaz u Vladimiro Montesinos kellhom rwol ewlieni biex il-President Fujimori jikkonforma mat-talbiet tal-militar, filwaqt li " ġie stabbilit ftehim bejn Fujimori, Montesinos u xi wħud mill-uffiċjali militari" involuti fil-Pjan l-Aħdar qabel l-inawgurazzjoni ta' ujimori. Il-politika ta' Fujimori, preskritta minn Hernando de Soto, wasslet għat-tbatija immedjata ta' Peruvjani foqra li raw il-prezzijiet mhux regolati jogħlew malajr, u dawk li jgħixu fil-faqar raw il-prezzijiet jogħlew tant li ma setgħux aktar jixtru l-ikel. De Soto sostna l-kollass tas-soċjetà Peruvjana, u l-ekonomista qal li kriżi ċivili kienet meħtieġa biex tappoġġja l-politiki ta' Fujimori. Dawn il-miżuri drastiċi wasslu biex l-inflazzjoni niżlet minn 7,650% fl-1990 għal 139% fl-1991 u 57% fl-1992. Id-deskrizzjoni tal-kisbiet ekonomiċi ta' Fujimori bħala "miraklu Peruvjan" kienet esaġerata u l-inugwaljanza baqgħet tippersisti wara l-presidenza tiegħu. </p><p>Fujimori assuma poteri sħaħ fl-awto-kolp ta' stat tal-5 ta' April, 1992. Imbagħad irreveda l-kostituzzjoni; sejjaħ elezzjonijiet ġodda għall-kungress; u implimenta riforma ekonomika sostanzjali, inkluża l-privatizzazzjoni ta' bosta intrapriżi tal-stat, il-ħolqien ta' klima ta' investiment favorevoli, u ġestjoni soda tal-ekonomija. L-amministrazzjoni ta' Fujimori kienet segwita minn gruppi terroristiċi, l-aktar Sendero Luminoso, li wettqu attakki madwar il-pajjiż matul is-snin 80 u 1990 Fujimori waqqaf ir-ribelli u fil-biċċa l-kbira rnexxielu jrażżanhom sa tmiem l-1990, iżda l-ġlied kien imħassar minn atroċitajiet imwettqa kemm mill-forzi tas-sigurtà Peruvjani kif ukoll mir-ribelli: il-massakru ta’ Barrios Altos u l-massakru ta' La Cantuta minn gruppi paramilitari tal-gvern, u l-attakki bil-bombi f’Tarata u Frecuencia Latina minn Sendero Luminoso. Dawn l-inċidenti aktar tard bdew jissimbolizzaw il-ksur tad-drittijiet tal-bniedem li sar f’dawn l-aħħar snin ta' vjolenza. </p><p>Fil-bidu tal-1995, il-Perù u l-Ekwador reġgħu ħabtu fil-Gwerra Cenepa, iżda fl-1998 il-gvernijiet taż-żewġ nazzjonijiet iffirmaw trattat ta 'paċi li ddemarka b'mod ċar il-fruntiera internazzjonali bejniethom. F'Novembru 2000, Fujimori rriżenja mill-pożizzjoni tiegħu u mar f'eżilju volontarju, fil-bidu evita l-prosekuzzjoni għal ksur tad-drittijiet tal-bniedem u akkużi ta' korruzzjoni mill-awtoritajiet Peruvjani l-ġodda. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="seklu_21">seklu 21</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: seklu 21" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: seklu 21"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gvern interim ippresedut minn Valentín Paniagua assuma r-responsabbiltà li jorganizza elezzjonijiet presidenzjali u tal-kungress ġodda. Sussegwentement Alejandro Toledo sar president bejn l-2001 u l-2006. Fit-28 ta 'Lulju 2006, l-eks president Alan García sar president tal-Perù wara li rebaħ l-elezzjonijiet tal-2006 Fl-2006, bint Alberto Fujimori, Keiko Fujimori, daħlet fl-arena politika tal-Perù biex tkompli dik ta' missieru. wirt u jħaddnu l-Fujimoriiżmu. L-eks President Alberto Fujimori instab ħati ta’ ksur tad-drittijiet tal-bniedem u kkundannat 25 sena ħabs għar-rwol tiegħu f’qtil u ħtif li sar mill-iskwadra tal-mewt tal-Grupo Colina fis-snin disgħin. </p><p>Ibda minn Pedro Pablo Kuczynski, il-Kungress uża lingwaġġ ta' impeachment interpretat b'mod wiesa' fil-Kostituzzjoni tal-1993 tal-Perù li ppermetta l-impeachment tal-president mingħajr raġuni biex jagħmel pressjoni fuq il-president, u ġiegħlu jirriżenja fl-2018 fost diversi kontroversji dwar l-amministrazzjoni tiegħu. Il-Viċi President Martín Vizcarra ħa l-kariga f'Marzu 2018 għal klassifikazzjonijiet ta' approvazzjoni ġeneralment favorevoli filwaqt li mexxa l-moviment tar-referendum kostituzzjonali kontra l-korruzzjoni. Il-pandemija tal-COVID-19 laqtet serjament lill-Peru. </p><p>Tneħħija ta' Vizcara mill-presidenza mill-Kungress. Il-Kungress, meqjus b'mod wiesa' bħala kolp ta' stat, il-kap tiegħu, il-President li għadu kif inħatar Manuel Merino, iffaċċja protesti mal-pajjiż kollu u, wara ħamest ijiem, Merino rriżenja mill-presidenza. Merino ġie sostitwit mill-President Francisco Sagasti, li mexxa gvern proviżorju, ċentrist, u infurza ħafna mill-politiki preċedenti ta' Vizcarra. L-elezzjonijiet saru fil-11 ta' April, 2021, u Pedro Castillo, tal-partit Peru Libre, rebaħ l-ewwel rawnd, segwit mill-qrib minn Keiko Fujimori, li żamm pożizzjonijiet fil-Kungress </p><p>Fit-28 ta' Lulju, 2021, Pedro Castillo ħa l-ġurament bħala l-president il-ġdid tal-Perù wara rebħa dejqa f’elezzjoni tat-tieni rawnd ikkontestata mill-qrib. F'dik l-istess sena, il-Perù ċċelebra l-biċentinarju tal-indipendenza. Castillo ffaċċja nuqqas ta' popolarità kemm nazzjonalment kif ukoll fil-Kungress u għalhekk għadda minn bosta voti ta' impeachment matul il-presidenza tiegħu mill-Kungress u fis-7 ta' Diċembru, 2022, ftit sigħat qabel il-Kungress beda t-tielet attentat ta' impeachment, Castillo pprova jevita dan billi pprova jxolji l-oppożizzjoni kkontrollata mill-oppożizzjoni. leġiżlatura u toħloq “gvern ta' emerġenza eċċezzjonali”, dan jitqies b'mod wiesa' bħala attentat ta' awto-kolp ta' stat. Bi tweġiba, il-Kungress malajr kellu sessjoni ta' emerġenza fl-istess jum, li matulha ivvota 101 kontra 6 (b'10 astensjonijiet) biex jitneħħa lil Castillo mill-kariga u jissostitwih bil-Viċi President Dina Boluarte. Hija saret l-ewwel president mara tal-pajjiż. Castillo ġie arrestat wara li pprova jaħrab lejn l-ambaxxata Messikana u ġie mixli bir-reat ta' ribelljoni. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gvern_u_politika">Gvern u politika</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Gvern u politika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Gvern u politika"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=mt&wpDestFile=Lima_2017_-_Palacio_de_Gobierno_del_Per%C3%BA.jpg" class="new" title="Stampa:Lima 2017 - Palacio de Gobierno del Perú.jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="180">Stampa:Lima 2017 - Palacio de Gobierno del Perú.jpg</span></a><figcaption>Palazz tal-Gvern, f'Lima</figcaption></figure> <p>Il-Perù huwa repubblika unitarja semi-presidenzjali b'sistema b'ħafna partiti. Il-pajjiż żamm sistema demokratika liberali taħt il-Kostituzzjoni tiegħu tal-1993, li ssostitwiet kostituzzjoni li xejlet lill-gvern lejn federazzjoni biex tawtorizza aktar poter lill-president. Hija wkoll repubblika unitarja, li fiha l-gvern ċentrali għandu l-akbar poter u jista 'joħloq diviżjonijiet amministrattivi. Is-sistema tal-gvern Peruvjana tgħaqqad elementi derivati mis-sistemi politiċi tal-Istati Uniti (kostituzzjoni bil-miktub, qorti suprema awtonoma, u sistema presidenzjali) u r-Repubblika Popolari taċ-Ċina (kungress unikamerali, prim ministru, u sistema ministerjali). </p><p>Il-gvern Peruvjan huwa maqsum fi tliet poteri: </p><p>Fergħa leġiżlattiva: il-Kungress unikamerali tal-Perù, magħmul minn 130 membru tal-Kungress (fuq il-bażi tal-popolazzjoni), il-president tal-Kungress u l-Kummissjoni Permanenti; Eżekuttiv: il-president, il-Kunsill tal-Ministri, li fil-prattika jikkontrolla l-leġiżlazzjoni interna u jservi bħala l-kabinett tal-president, magħmul mill-prim ministru u 18-il ministru tal-istat; Fergħa Ġudizzjarja: Il-Qorti Suprema tal-Perù, magħrufa wkoll bħala l-Udjenza Rjali ta' Lima, magħmula minn 18-il maġistrat, inkluż imħallef suprem, flimkien ma' 28 qorti superjuri, 195 qorti tal-prim istanza u 1,838 qorti distrettwali. </p><p>Skont il-kostituzzjoni tiegħu, il-president tal-Perù huwa kemm kap tal-istat kif ukoll kap tal-gvern u jiġi elett għal terminu ta’ ħames snin mingħajr elezzjoni mill-ġdid immedjata. Il-president jaħtar lill-ministri li jissorveljaw it-18-il ministeru tal-istat, inkluż il-prim ministru, fil-Kabinett. Il-kostituzzjoni tinnomina awtorità minima lill-prim ministru, li jippresiedi laqgħat tal-kabinett li fihom il-ministri jagħtu parir lill-president u jaġixxi bħala kelliem f'isem il-fergħa eżekuttiva. Il-president jista 'wkoll iqajjem mistoqsijiet ta' fiduċja lill-Kungress tal-Perù u, konsegwentement, jordna x-xoljiment tal-Kungress, imwettaq fl-1992 minn Alberto Fujimori u fl-2019 minn Martín Vizcarra. </p><p>Fil-Kungress tal-Perù hemm 130 membru, minn 25 diviżjoni amministrattiva, determinati mill-popolazzjoni rispettiva u eletti għal perjodi ta 'ħames snin. L-abbozzi huma proposti mill-fergħat eżekuttivi u leġiżlattivi u jsiru liġi permezz ta' vot ta' pluralità fil-Kungress. Il-ġudikatura hija nominalment indipendenti, għalkemm l-intervent politiku fi kwistjonijiet ġudizzjarji kien komuni matul l-istorja. Il-Kungress Peruvjan jista’ wkoll jgħaddi mozzjoni ta' sfiduċja, jiċċensura lill-ministri, kif ukoll jibda proċessi politiċi u jikkundanna lill-eżekuttivi. Minħabba l-lingwaġġ interpretat b'mod wiesa' ta' impeachment fil-Kostituzzjoni tal-1993 tal-Perù, il-fergħa leġiżlattiva tista' impeach lill-president mingħajr raġuni, u tagħmel il-fergħa eżekuttiva soġġetta għall-Kungress. Fi żminijiet riċenti, il-korp leġiżlattiv għadda impeachment wieħed semi-suċċess u żewġ impeachments b'suċċess; Alberto Fujimori irriżenja qabel tneħħa fl-2000, Pedro Pablo Kuczynski irriżenja fl-2018, Martín Vizcarra tneħħa mill-kariga fl-2020, u Pedro Castillo tneħħa fl-2022. Wara deċiżjoni fi Frar 2023 mill-Qorti Kostituzzjonali tal-Perù, li l-membri tagħha huma eletti mill-Kungress, is-sorveljanza ġudizzjarja tal-korp leġiżlattiv ġiet eliminata wkoll mill-qorti, li essenzjalment tat lill-Kungress kontroll assolut tal-gvern tal-Perù. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Lima_Peru_-_City_of_kings_-_Congress.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Lima_Peru_-_City_of_kings_-_Congress.jpg/220px-Lima_Peru_-_City_of_kings_-_Congress.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Lima_Peru_-_City_of_kings_-_Congress.jpg/330px-Lima_Peru_-_City_of_kings_-_Congress.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Lima_Peru_-_City_of_kings_-_Congress.jpg/440px-Lima_Peru_-_City_of_kings_-_Congress.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1356" data-file-height="944" /></a><figcaption>Il-Kungress tal-Peru, f'Lima</figcaption></figure> <p>Is-sistema elettorali tal-Perù tuża votazzjoni obbligatorja għaċ-ċittadini ta' bejn it-18 u s-70 sena, inklużi ċittadini b'ċittadinanza doppja u Peruvjani barra l-pajjiż. Il-membri tal-Kungress huma eletti direttament mill-votanti fid-distretti rispettivi permezz ta' votazzjoni proporzjonali. Il-president jiġi elett f'elezzjoni ġenerali, flimkien mal-viċi president, permezz ta' maġġoranza f'sistema ta' żewġ rawnds. L-elezzjonijiet huma osservati u organizzati mill-Ġurija Elettorali Nazzjonali, l-Uffiċċju Nazzjonali tal-Proċessi Elettorali u r-Reġistru Nazzjonali tal-Identifikazzjoni u l-Istatus Ċivili. </p><p>Il-Perù juża sistema multipartitika għall-elezzjonijiet leġiżlattivi u ġenerali. Il-gruppi ewlenin li ffurmaw gvernijiet, kemm fil-livell federali kif ukoll leġiżlattiv, huma partiti li storikament adottaw il-liberaliżmu ekonomiku, il-progressiviżmu, il-populiżmu tal-lemin, il-Fujimoriżmu, in-nazzjonaliżmu u r-riformiżmu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relazzjonijiet_barranin">Relazzjonijiet barranin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Relazzjonijiet barranin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Relazzjonijiet barranin"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Per%C3%BA_asume_Presidencia_Pro_T%C3%A9mpore_de_la_Comunidad_Andina.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Per%C3%BA_asume_Presidencia_Pro_T%C3%A9mpore_de_la_Comunidad_Andina.jpg/220px-Per%C3%BA_asume_Presidencia_Pro_T%C3%A9mpore_de_la_Comunidad_Andina.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Per%C3%BA_asume_Presidencia_Pro_T%C3%A9mpore_de_la_Comunidad_Andina.jpg/330px-Per%C3%BA_asume_Presidencia_Pro_T%C3%A9mpore_de_la_Comunidad_Andina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Per%C3%BA_asume_Presidencia_Pro_T%C3%A9mpore_de_la_Comunidad_Andina.jpg/440px-Per%C3%BA_asume_Presidencia_Pro_T%C3%A9mpore_de_la_Comunidad_Andina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5400" data-file-height="3712" /></a><figcaption>Il-kwartieri ġenerali tal-Komunità Andina tinsab f'Lima.</figcaption></figure> <p>Fl-aħħar deċennji, ir-relazzjonijiet barranin tal-Perù storikament kienu ddominati minn rabtiet mill-qrib mal-Istati Uniti u l-Asja, partikolarment permezz tal-Kooperazzjoni Ekonomika Asja-Paċifiku (APEC), l-Organizzazzjoni Dinjija tal-Kummerċ, l-Alleanza tal-Paċifiku, il-Mercosur u l-Organizzazzjoni tal-Istati Amerikani (OAS). Il-Perù huwa membru attiv ta 'diversi blokki kummerċjali reġjonali u huwa wieħed mill-membri fundaturi tal-Komunità Andina tan-Nazzjonijiet. Huwa wkoll membru ta' organizzazzjonijiet internazzjonali bħall-OAS u n-Nazzjonijiet Uniti. Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, diplomatiku ċċelebrat Peruvjan, serva bħala Segretarju Ġenerali tan-Nazzjonijiet Uniti mill-1981 sal-1991. </p><p>Il-Perù qed jippjana li jintegra bis-sħiħ fl-Organizzazzjoni għall-Kooperazzjoni u l-Iżvilupp Ekonomiċi (OECD) sal-2021, billi jattribwixxi s-suċċess ekonomiku tiegħu u l-isforzi biex isaħħaħ l-istituzzjonijiet bħala fatturi meħtieġa biex ikunu parti mill-OECD. Il-Perù huwa membru tal-Organizzazzjoni Dinjija tal-Kummerċ u wettaq diversi ftehimiet ewlenin ta' kummerċ ħieles, l-aktar reċentement il-Ftehim ta' Kummerċ Ħieles bejn il-Perù u Stati Uniti, il-Ftehim ta' Kummerċ Ħieles bejn iċ-Ċina u l-Perù, il-Ftehim ta' Kummerċ Ħieles tal-Unjoni Ewropea, ftehimiet ta' kummerċ ħieles mal-Ġappun u ħafna oħrajn. </p><p>Il-Perù iżomm relazzjoni integrata ma 'nazzjonijiet oħra tal-Amerika t'Isfel u huwa membru ta' diversi ftehimiet intergovernattivi tal-Amerika t'Isfel, l-aktar reċentement l-Organizzazzjoni tal-Istati Amerikani, il-Mercosur, il-Komunità Andina tan-Nazzjonijiet, l-Alleanza tal-Paċifiku u l-APEC. Il-Perù storikament esperjenza relazzjonijiet ta' tensjoni maċ-Ċilì, inkluż ir-riżoluzzjoni tal-qorti internazzjonali Perù vs Ċili u t-tilwima marittima Ċilen-Peruvjana, iżda ż-żewġ pajjiżi qablu li jaħdmu biex itejbu r-relazzjonijiet. </p><p>Il-Perù ħa sehem billi assuma rwol ewlieni fl-indirizzar tal-kriżi fil-Venezwela permezz tal-ħolqien tal-Grupp ta' Lima. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gruppi_etniċi_(2017)"><span id="Gruppi_etni.C4.8Bi_.282017.29"></span>Gruppi etniċi (2017)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Gruppi etniċi (2017)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Gruppi etniċi (2017)"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Peruvian_Marines_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Peruvian_Marines_2019.jpg/220px-Peruvian_Marines_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Peruvian_Marines_2019.jpg/330px-Peruvian_Marines_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Peruvian_Marines_2019.jpg/440px-Peruvian_Marines_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2912" data-file-height="1943" /></a><figcaption>Marines Peruvjani fil-VRAEM fl-2019</figcaption></figure> <p>Il-Perù għandu r-raba' l-akbar armata fl-Amerika Latina. Il-Forzi Armati tal-Perù huma komposti mill-Navy Peruvjana (MGP), l-Armata Peruvjana (EP) u l-Forza tal-Ajru Peruvjana (FAP), b'total ta '392,660 truppa (inklużi 120,660 suldat regolari u 272,000 riservist) fl-2020. missjoni hija li tissalvagwardja l-indipendenza, is-sovranità u l-integrità territorjali tal-pajjiż. </p><p>Il-funzjonijiet tiegħu huma separati minn fergħa: </p> <ul><li>L-Armata Peruvjana hija magħmula mill-Kap tal-Persunal, żewġ Korpi ta 'Kontroll, żewġ Korpi ta' Appoġġ, ħames Reġjuni Militari u sitt Kmamar tal-Kmand.</li> <li>Il-Forza tal-Ajru Peruvjana nħolqot uffiċjalment fl-20 ta' Mejju, 1929, bl-isem tal-Korp tal-Avjazzjoni Peruvjana. Il-funzjoni ewlenija tagħha hija li sservi bħala d-difiża tal-ajru tal-pajjiż. Jipparteċipa wkoll f'kampanji ta' appoġġ soċjali għal popolazzjonijiet diffiċli biex jintlaħqu, jorganizza ġarr bl-ajru waqt diżastri u jipparteċipa f'missjonijiet ta' paċi internazzjonali. L-erba 'bażijiet tal-ajru ewlenin tagħha jinsabu fil-bliet ta' Piura, Callao, Arequipa u Iquitos.</li> <li>In-Navy Peruvjana hija responsabbli mid-difiża marittima, tax-xmajjar u tal-lagi tal-pajjiż. Huwa magħmul minn 26,000 baħri. Il-persunal huwa maqsum fi tliet livelli: persunal anzjan, persunal junior u baħħara.</li></ul> <p>Il-militar huwa rregolat kemm mill-kmandant in-kap, il-Ministeru tad-Difiża, kif ukoll mill-Kmand Konġunt tal-Forzi Armati (CCFFAA). Is-CCFFAA għandha subordinati għall-Kmandi Operattivi u l-Kmandi Speċjali, li magħhom twettaq l-operazzjonijiet militari li huma meħtieġa għad-difiża u t-twettiq tal-kompiti li tipprovdi l-fergħa eżekuttiva. Is-servizz militari obbligatorju tneħħa fl-1999 u mibdul b'servizz militari volontarju. Il-Pulizija Nazzjonali tal-Perù ħafna drabi hija kklassifikata bħala parti mill-forzi armati. Għalkemm fil-fatt għandha organizzazzjoni differenti u missjoni kompletament ċivili, it-taħriġ u l-attivitajiet tagħha fuq aktar minn għoxrin sena bħala forza kontra t-terroriżmu pproduċew karatteristiċi notevoli militari, li tawh id-dehra ta' raba' servizz militari virtwali b’art, baħar u militari sinifikanti. kapaċitajiet bl-ajru u madwar 140,000 suldat. Il-forzi armati Peruvjani jirrappurtaw permezz tal-Ministeru tad-Difiża, filwaqt li l-Pulizija Nazzjonali Peruvjana tirrapporta permezz tal-Ministeru tal-Intern. </p><p>Sa mit-tmiem tal-kriżi fil-Perù fl-2000, il-gvern federali naqqas b'mod sinifikanti l-infiq tad-difiża annwali. Fil-baġit 2016-2017, l-infiq tad-difiża kien jikkostitwixxi 1.1% tal-PGD ($ 2.3 biljun), it-tieni l-inqas infiq relattiv għall-PDG fl-Amerika t'Isfel wara l-Arġentina. Aktar reċentement, il-Forzi Armati Peruvjani ntużaw fid-difiża ċivili. Fl-2020, il-Perù uża l-persunal militari tiegħu u anke r-riservisti tiegħu biex jinforza miżuri stretti ta' kwarantina imposti matul il-pandemija tal-COVID-19. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ġeografija"><span id=".C4.A0eografija"></span>Ġeografija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Ġeografija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Ġeografija"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Mapa_topogr%C3%A1fico_del_Per%C3%BA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Mapa_topogr%C3%A1fico_del_Per%C3%BA.png/220px-Mapa_topogr%C3%A1fico_del_Per%C3%BA.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Mapa_topogr%C3%A1fico_del_Per%C3%BA.png/330px-Mapa_topogr%C3%A1fico_del_Per%C3%BA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Mapa_topogr%C3%A1fico_del_Per%C3%BA.png/440px-Mapa_topogr%C3%A1fico_del_Per%C3%BA.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="709" /></a><figcaption>Mappa Topografika tal-Peru</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Regiones_geogr%C3%A1ficas_del_Per%C3%BA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Regiones_geogr%C3%A1ficas_del_Per%C3%BA.png/220px-Regiones_geogr%C3%A1ficas_del_Per%C3%BA.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Regiones_geogr%C3%A1ficas_del_Per%C3%BA.png/330px-Regiones_geogr%C3%A1ficas_del_Per%C3%BA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Regiones_geogr%C3%A1ficas_del_Per%C3%BA.png/440px-Regiones_geogr%C3%A1ficas_del_Per%C3%BA.png 2x" data-file-width="852" data-file-height="1192" /></a><figcaption>Mappa tat-tliet reġjuni ġeografiċi tal-Perù: Kosta, Sierra u Ġungla</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Peru_Blue_Marble.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Peru_Blue_Marble.png/220px-Peru_Blue_Marble.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Peru_Blue_Marble.png/330px-Peru_Blue_Marble.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Peru_Blue_Marble.png/440px-Peru_Blue_Marble.png 2x" data-file-width="1966" data-file-height="2834" /></a><figcaption>Fotografija bis-satellita tal-Perù, fejn tista 'tidentifika r-reġjuni ġeografiċi u l-kopertura tal-veġetazzjoni tagħhom: fuq il-kosta tista' tara d-deżert tal-kosta u fit-tramuntana l-foresta niexfa ta 'Tumes-Piura; Fis-Sierra, jispikkaw il-mergħat u l-għorik tal-muntanji, u l-Ġungla turi l-aħdar perenni tal-foresta umda tropikali u subtropikali.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Climas_del_Per%C3%BA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Climas_del_Per%C3%BA.png/220px-Climas_del_Per%C3%BA.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Climas_del_Per%C3%BA.png/330px-Climas_del_Per%C3%BA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Climas_del_Per%C3%BA.png/440px-Climas_del_Per%C3%BA.png 2x" data-file-width="1128" data-file-height="1368" /></a><figcaption>Mappa tal-klima tal-Perù skond it-temperatura medja annwali u l-preċipitazzjoni</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Kos%C3%B1ipata_valley_Manu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Kos%C3%B1ipata_valley_Manu.jpg/220px-Kos%C3%B1ipata_valley_Manu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Kos%C3%B1ipata_valley_Manu.jpg/330px-Kos%C3%B1ipata_valley_Manu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Kos%C3%B1ipata_valley_Manu.jpg/440px-Kos%C3%B1ipata_valley_Manu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Yungas fil-Park Nazzjonali Manu</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Ecoregion_NT0153.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Ecoregion_NT0153.png/220px-Ecoregion_NT0153.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Ecoregion_NT0153.png/330px-Ecoregion_NT0153.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Ecoregion_NT0153.png/440px-Ecoregion_NT0153.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Yungas (Ekożona: Neotropikali, Bijoma: Foresti tropikali, Estensjoni: 186,700 km2, Stat ta' konservazzjoni: Fil-periklu kritiku)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Desierto_de_Chimbote_Ancash.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Desierto_de_Chimbote_Ancash.jpg/220px-Desierto_de_Chimbote_Ancash.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Desierto_de_Chimbote_Ancash.jpg/330px-Desierto_de_Chimbote_Ancash.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Desierto_de_Chimbote_Ancash.jpg/440px-Desierto_de_Chimbote_Ancash.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>Deżert ta' Chimbote, Reġjun Ancash, Provinċja ta' Santa (Desierto de Chimbote, Región de Ancash, Provicnia de Santa)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Rainbow_Mountain_Peru.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Rainbow_Mountain_Peru.jpg/220px-Rainbow_Mountain_Peru.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Rainbow_Mountain_Peru.jpg/330px-Rainbow_Mountain_Peru.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Rainbow_Mountain_Peru.jpg/440px-Rainbow_Mountain_Peru.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853" /></a><figcaption>Vinicunca, magħrufa wkoll bħala l-Muntanja Rainbow (Montaña Arcoiris) f'Cusco</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Manu_riverbank.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Manu_riverbank.jpg/220px-Manu_riverbank.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Manu_riverbank.jpg/330px-Manu_riverbank.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Manu_riverbank.jpg/440px-Manu_riverbank.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Minn fuq għal isfel: Manu National Park (Parque Nacional Manu) fl-Amażonja</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Alpamayo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Alpamayo.jpg/220px-Alpamayo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Alpamayo.jpg/330px-Alpamayo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Alpamayo.jpg/440px-Alpamayo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Il-quċċata tal-muntanji Alpamayo,</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Paracas_National_Reserve._Ica,_Peru.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Paracas_National_Reserve._Ica%2C_Peru.jpg/220px-Paracas_National_Reserve._Ica%2C_Peru.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Paracas_National_Reserve._Ica%2C_Peru.jpg/330px-Paracas_National_Reserve._Ica%2C_Peru.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Paracas_National_Reserve._Ica%2C_Peru.jpg/440px-Paracas_National_Reserve._Ica%2C_Peru.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9027" data-file-height="5313" /></a><figcaption>Riżerva Nazzjonali ta' Paracas (Reserva Nacional de Paracas) fl-Ica</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Chachani,_Peru_ESA413331.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Chachani%2C_Peru_ESA413331.png/220px-Chachani%2C_Peru_ESA413331.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Chachani%2C_Peru_ESA413331.png/330px-Chachani%2C_Peru_ESA413331.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Chachani%2C_Peru_ESA413331.png/440px-Chachani%2C_Peru_ESA413331.png 2x" data-file-width="4335" data-file-height="3120" /></a><figcaption>Kumpless vulkaniku Chachani (Complejo volcanico Chachani)</figcaption></figure> <p>Il-Perù jinsab fil-parti ċentrali u tal-punent tal-Amerika t'Isfel (UTM N7970840.422; E552505.422). Huwa magħmul minn territorju b'wiċċ kontinentali ta' 1,285,216.60 km², li jirrappreżenta 0.87% tal-pjaneta, li hija mqassma fir-reġjun kostali 136,232.85 km² (10.6%), reġjun Andin 404,842.91 km² (28.4% reġjun Amazon u reġjun Amazon. (782,880.55 km²); Fit-tarf tat-Tramuntana tat-territorju Peruvjan hemm ix-Xmara Putumayo, li sservi bħala l-fruntiera bejn il-Perù u l-Ekwador, mill-punt trifinio (jew tripoint: -0.0388397"S -75.1821266"W, punt fejn il-fruntieri tat-3 pajjiżi jikkonverġu), sal-punt fejn il-fruntiera Peruvjana ddur lejn il-Lbiċ, tagħmel linja dritta, fil-bokka tax-Xmara Yaguas (Punt: 2°45'27.5"S 70°03'34.8"W). It-tarf tan-nofsinhar jinsab fuq ix-xatt tal-baħar f'Tacna (punt La Concordia: 18°21'04.9"S 70°22'37.6"W); It-tarf tal-lvant jinsab fix-Xmara Heath f'Madre de Dios, fil-punt 12°29'53.3"S 68°39'08.3"W, u t-tarf tal-punent jinsab f'Caleta Punta Balcones f'Pariñas, Talara, Piura, fil-punt : 4°40'57.7"S 81°19'42.8"W. </p><p>Il-Baħar Peruvjan jew Mar de Grau huwa l-parti tal-Oċean Paċifiku li testendi tul il-kosta Peruvjana għal erja ta' 3080 km u wisa' ta '200 mil 'il barra mix-xtut. Il-ġid iktijoloġiku kbir tiegħu huwa r-riżultat tal-kurrenti tal-baħar Humboldt u El Niño. Il-baħar sovran tiegħu għandu żona marittima ta' 991,194.97 km², li huwa pajjiż b’potenzjal idroloġiku kbir. L-ogħla quċċata fil-Peru hija Huascarán fil-Cordillera Blanca, b'għoli ta' 6768 metru 'l fuq mil-livell tal-baħar; l-aktar żona baxxa hija d-depressjoni tas-Sechura f’-34 m.b.n.m.; Il-wied l-aktar fonda huwa l-canyon Cotahuasi, saħansitra jaqbeż il-canyon famuż ta 'Colorado; L-itwal xmara fil-Peru hija x-Xmara Ucayali (tributarju tax-Xmara Amazon b'tul ta' 1,771 km; l-ogħla lag navigabbli fid-dinja huwa l-Lag Titicaca f'Puno/Peru b'8,380 km² u l-akbar gżira fuq il-kosta Peruvjana hija Isla San Lorenzo f'Callao b'16.48 km² huwa t-tielet l-akbar pajjiż fl-Amerika t'Isfel. Ġeoloġikament, il-Peru huwa pajjiż żagħżugħ f'ħafna mit-territorju tiegħu. 42% tal-wiċċ tagħha, is-sistema Andina u l-kosta, qamu fl-Era Mesozoic, bejn 130 sa 65 miljun sena ilu, bħala riżultat tat-taqlib tettonic ikkawżat mis-subduzzjoni tal-pjanċa Nazca fil-pjanċa tal-Amerika t'Isfel. Jogħla fuq territorju affettwat minn subduzzjoni tal-pjanċa oċeanika Nazca taħt il-blata kontinentali tal-Amerika t'Isfel. L-intensità tal-kunflitt bejn iż-żewġ mases ipproduċiet, li bdiet fl-Era Terzjarja, il-firxa tal-muntanji tal-Andes, sistema muntanjuża spettakolari u prattikament unika li tistruttura l-pajjiż fi tliet reġjuni ġeografiċi differenti ħafna: kosta, muntanji u ġungla. </p><p>Il-kosta, lejn il-punent, hija pjanura dejqa u fil-biċċa l-kbira niexfa, ħlief għall-widien maħluqa minn xmajjar staġjonali. Il-muntanji huma r-reġjun tal-Andes; Jinkludi l-plateau tal-Altiplano, kif ukoll l-ogħla quċċata tal-pajjiż, is-6,768 m (22,205 pied) Huascarán. It-tielet reġjun huwa l-ġungla, medda wiesgħa ta' art ċatta koperta mill-foresti tropikali tal-Amażonja li testendi lejn il-Lvant. Kważi 60 fil-mija taż-żona tal-wiċċ tal-pajjiż tinsab f'dan ir-reġjun. [165] Il-pajjiż għandu erbgħa u ħamsin baċin tax-xmara, tnejn u ħamsin minnhom huma baċiri kostali żgħar li jbattu l-ilmijiet tagħhom fl-Oċean Paċifiku. L-aħħar tnejn huma l-baċin endorreic tal-Lag Titicaca u l-baċin tal-Amażonja, li joħroġ fl-Oċean Atlantiku. It-tnejn huma delimitati mill-firxa tal-muntanji tal-Andes. Il-baċin tal-Amażonja huwa ta' importanza partikolari, peress li hemm imwieled ix-Xmara Amazon, l-itwal fid-dinja b'tul ta' 6,872 km u li tkopri 75% tat-territorju Peruvjan. Il-Perù fih 4% tal-ilma ħelu tal-pjaneta. </p><p>Żona: 1,285,220 (19º) km²: 1,285,216.60 (99.6%) km² (art), 4.4 (0.4%) km² (ilma); Kosta: 3,080 km; L-iktar punt baxx: Depressjoni tas-Sechura f'-34 m.a.s.l., L-ogħla punt: Huascarán f'6768 m.a.s.l.; Fruntieri territorjali internazzjonali: 7,073 km: Brażil: 2,822 km, Ekwador: 1,529 km, Kolombja: 1,506 km, Bolivja: 1,047 km, Ċili: 169 km; Baħar territorjali: 200 mil nawtiku. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Delimitazzjoni_territorjali">Delimitazzjoni territorjali</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Delimitazzjoni territorjali" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Delimitazzjoni territorjali"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il-limiti attwali tal-fruntiera tal-Perù huma l-prodott ta' proċess ta' konsolidazzjoni ta 'ħafna snin, li beda fl-1821, ibbażat fuq l-Uti possidetis iure tal-1810 u ġew stabbiliti fis-seklu 20. L-isforzi diplomatiċi tal-Ministeru tal-Affarijiet Barranin Peruvjan ma kinux mhux relatati ma' dan il-proċess u f’ċerti każi, wasslu għal kunflitti armati, bil-Forzi Armati jieħdu ċ-ċentru tal-palk. Sas-seklu 19, l-Armata, in-Navy u l-Pulizija Nazzjonali kellhom rwol eċċellenti; Fil-kunflitti li seħħew fis-seklu 20, hekk għamlet l-Air Force. Il-fruntieri hekk konfigurati, sew jekk kien hemm gwerra jew le, laħqu l-qofol tagħhom f'sensiela ta' trattati, kemm jekk ta' Paċi, Ħbiberija u Limiti jew ta' Navigazzjoni u Kummerċ, kif inhu l-każ tat-trattati u l-ftehimiet mal-pajjiżi ġirien tal-Amażonja. Il-Perù huwa wieħed mit-tnax-il pajjiż indipendenti fl-Amerika t'Isfel. Hija tinsab fil-parti ċentrali u tal-punent ta' din il-parti tal-Amerika. Għandha żona kontinentali ta' 1,285,215.6 km² u perimetru ta' 7,073 km ta' linja tal-fruntiera tal-art, li hija kondiviża mal-ġirien kollha tagħha tal-Amerika t'Isfel. L-itwal fruntiera u waħda mill-aktar imħatteb hija mal-Brażil, li għandha tul ta' 2,822.496 km bejn il-bokka tax-Xmara Yavarí u l-bokka tax-Xmara Yaverija fix-Xmara Acre u ssir kompletament fil-ġungla tal-Amażonja. , u l- l-iqsar, maċ-Ċilì, 169 km biss bejn il-plateau ta' Ancomarca sal-punt imsejjaħ Concordia fuq ix-xatt tal-bajja fl-Oċean Paċifiku. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eżenzjoni"><span id="E.C5.BCenzjoni"></span>Eżenzjoni</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Eżenzjoni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Eżenzjoni"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L-Andes jaqsmu l-Peru mit-tramuntana għan-nofsinhar, u jikkundizzjonaw il-klima u l-orografija tal-pajjiż bil-preżenza imponenti tagħhom. Għalkemm il-Pass ta’ Porculla jimmarka l-iktar punt baxx tiegħu f’2,137 metru ‘l fuq mil-livell tal-baħar, il-Cordillera Blanca u l-Cordillera de Huayhuash huma dar għall-ogħla qċaċet fil-Perù fis-settur tat-Tramuntana. Jibdew mill-junction Pasco, l-Andes ċentrali jwessgħu u jippreżentaw plateaus bejn il-meded tal-muntanji u l-qċaċet bħal Coropuna, Ampato jew Salcantay. Il-plateau ta' Collao, f'3600 metru 'l fuq mil-livell tal-baħar u l-firxa tal-muntanji Vulkaniċi, bil-Misti, Pichu Pichu, u Ubinas b'silġ, jiffurmaw is-settur tan-Nofsinhar tal-Andes Peruvjani li jibdew mill-Vilcanota Nude. Il-Cordillera Blanca hija l-ogħla katina tropikali fid-dinja. Fost il-qċaċet tas-silġ tiegħu, li jaqbżu s-6,000 metru 'l fuq mil-livell tal-baħar, jispikka Huascarán, l-ogħla muntanja fil-Peru. Barra minn hekk, ta’ min jenfasizza l-preżenza ta' Alpamayo, meqjusa bħala l-isbaħ muntanja b’silġ fid-dinja, u Pastoruri, iffrekwentata ħafna mit-turisti. Il-Kordillera Blanca għandha tul ta' 250 km u taqsam id-dipartiment ta’ Ancash. Il-pelagatos b'kappa tas-silġ, fit-tramuntana, u l-għoqda Tuco, fin-nofsinhar, jistabbilixxu l-limiti tiegħu. Flimkien mal-Cordillera Negra, ta' altitudni aktar baxxa u mingħajr qċaċet ta' silġ, tifforma l-attrattiva Callejón de Huaylas, li minnha tgħaddi x-Xmara Santa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Idrografija">Idrografija</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Idrografija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Idrografija"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il-Perù fih 4% tal-ilma ħelu tal-pjaneta. Dan il-volum huwa mqassam b'mod irregolari fi tliet għoljiet, il-Paċifiku, l-Amażonja u l-Lag Titicaca, delimitati mill-firxa tal-muntanji tal-Andes. Il-ġgant Amazon twieldet ukoll fit-tieni minn dawn il-baċiri, li, bis-6,872 km tagħha, hija l-itwal u l-akbar xmara fid-dinja. L-inklinazzjoni tagħha tokkupa 75% tat-territorju. Il-Lag Titicaca huwa l-akbar lag fl-Amerika t'Isfel, b'8,380 km². Dan il-lag tectonic huwa kondiviż mill-Perù u l-Bolivja. 20 xmara ferra l-ilmijiet tagħhom fiha; fosthom, ir-Ramis, l-Ilave u l-Huancané, fuq in-naħa Peruvjana. Jirreġistra l-mewġ u l-mareat; Għandha 36 gżira u tinfluwenza l-klima tal-plateau ta' Collao, minħabba t-temperatura medja tagħha ta' 12 °C. Il-Lag Titicaca iffurmat, flimkien mal-laguna Arapa u l-Lag Poopó (Bolivja), il-Lag kbir Ballivián tal-għoljiet Peruvjani. </p><p>Il-biċċa l-kbira tax-xmajjar Peruvjani joriġinaw fil-qċaċet tal-Andes u joħorġu f'wieħed mit-tliet baċiri. Dawk li joħorġu fl-Oċean Paċifiku huma wieqaf u qosra, u jgħaddu biss b'mod intermittenti. It-tributarji tax-Xmara Amazon għandhom fluss ferm akbar u huma itwal u inqas wieqaf ladarba jitilqu mill-muntanji. Ix-xmajjar li joħorġu fil-Lag Titicaca huma ġeneralment qosra u għandhom fluss kbir. L-itwal xmajjar fil-Perù huma l-Ucayali, il-Marañón, il-Putumayo, il-Yavarí, il-Huallaga, l-Urubamba, il-Mantaro u l-Amazonas. </p><p>L-akbar lag tal-Perù, il-Lag Titicaca bejn il-Peru u l-Bolivja fl-Andes, huwa wkoll l-akbar fl-Amerika t'Isfel. L-akbar ġibjuni, kollha fir-reġjun kostali tal-Perù, huma l-ġibjuni ta' Poechos, Tinajones, San Lorenzo u El Fraile. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Klima">Klima</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Klima" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Klima"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Koppen-Geiger_Map_PER_present.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Koppen-Geiger_Map_PER_present.svg/220px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_PER_present.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Koppen-Geiger_Map_PER_present.svg/330px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_PER_present.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Koppen-Geiger_Map_PER_present.svg/440px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_PER_present.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1243" data-file-height="850" /></a><figcaption>Mappa tal-klassifikazzjoni tal-klima Köppen-Geiger għall-Perù</figcaption></figure> <p>Il-fatt li l-Perù huwa qrib l-ekwatur jindika li l-klima tiegħu għandha tkun eminentement tropikali, madankollu żewġ fatturi jbiddlu l-klima b'mod sinifikanti. L-ewwelnett, l-eżistenza tal-Medda tal-Muntanji tal-Andes għolja parallela fl-Amerika t'Isfel mal-Oċean Paċifiku u, it-tieni, il-Kurrent kiesaħ Peruvjan jew Humboldt li jimmanifesta ruħu minn nofsinhar għat-tramuntana sa 5° latitudni u li jaħbat mal-Kurrent El Niño fuq il-kosti ta' Piura u Tumbes sa latitudni 3.2°, fin-nofsinhar tal-ekwatur. Dawn l-inċidenti, flimkien mal-antiċiklun tan-Nofsinhar tal-Paċifiku f'din il-parti tal-kontinent, jikkawżaw tnaqqis fit-temperaturi annwali medji ta' madwar għaxar gradi Celsius fuq il-kosta u varjetà kbira ta' klimi simultanji madwar il-pajjiż kollu li poġġa lill-Peru bħala wieħed mill-pajjiżi li għandhom l-akbar varjetà ta' klimi fid-dinja. Il-kosta Meta jseħħ il-fenomenu klimatiku magħruf bħala El Niño, jiġifieri, meta t-temperatura tal-baħar taqbeż is-27 °C matul is-sjuf, il-klima tal-kosta kollha tvarja sostanzjalment, u tikkawża għargħar li jikkawżaw ħsara ta' diversi tipi u l-klima ssir tropikalizzata, li ma timmanifestax. biss fir-radjazzjoni solari li tikkaratterizza s-sjuf u l-molol iżda fil-veġetazzjoni kif jiġri fid-dipartimenti ta' Piura u Tumbes. Iż-żona ċentrali u tan-Nofsinhar tal-kosta għandha klima niexfa subtropikali jew deżert, b'temperatura medja ta '18 °C u xita annwali ta' 150 mm Min-naħa l-oħra, iż-żona tat-Tramuntana għandha klima tropikali niexfa, b'temperatura medja 'l fuq. 24 °C u xita matul is-sajf. Jekk iseħħ il-fenomenu El Niño, it-temperatura medja tal-kosta kollha tista 'tilħaq sa 40 °C u x-xita tiżdied b'mod sinifikanti fiż-żoni kostali tat-Tramuntana u ċ-ċentru. L-eżenzjoni tax-xmara tinkludi reġjuni ekoloġiċi bħad-deżert kostali, il-foresta niexfa ekwatorjali u porzjon żgħir ta 'foresti tropikali fil-majjistral ta' Tumbes. Fost il-karatteristiċi ġeografiċi li jistgħu jinstabu f'dan ir-reġjun hemm irdum, peniżoli, bajjiet u bajjiet. </p><p>Is-serrieq Il-muntanji għandhom klima ta' muntanji għolja varjata li fl-istess ħin hija kuntrarja għall-istaġun meta mqabbla mal-kosta. Jiġifieri, filwaqt li fuq il-kosta huwa sajf, fil-muntanji huwa "xitwa" (biex isir il-paragun, peress li fir-realtà fl-emisferu tan-nofsinhar kollu se jkun is-sajf) u viċi versa, dan għaliex minn Diċembru sa April huwa l-istaġun tax-xita. Barra minn hekk, id-diversi għoli, ir-rilievi tagħhom li jiġġeneraw mikroklima u l-varjazzjonijiet fl-ammonti ta’ preċipitazzjoni skont iż-żoni għandhom influwenza addizzjonali. L-oxxillazzjoni tat-temperatura bejn il-ġurnata u l-lejl hija aktar evidenti. Hemm żoni, bħall-Cordillera Blanca, li għandha isimha għall-borra perpetwu u glaċieri. Ġungla Il-foresta tropikali tal-Amażonja Peruvjana, l-akbar mit-tliet reġjuni, b'782,880.55 km² tirrappreżenta 62% tat-territorju Peruvjan, tidher fil-lvant tal-firxa tal-muntanji Andini. Huwa magħmul mill-foresta għolja jew sħaba, b'għoljiet weqfin, u l-pjanura tal-Amażonja, taħt l-400 metru 'l fuq mil-livell tal-baħar. 10% biss tal-Peruvjani jgħixu hemmhekk. Ġungla eyebrow u pjanura tal-Amażonja. Fiż-żona tal-ġungla, il-klima hija pjuttost tropikali u subtropikali. Il-ġungla nnifisha, minħabba n-natura tagħha stess u l-post 'il bogħod mill-influwenzi tal-kosta u l-prossimità tal-ekwatur, għandha klima tropikali b'xita madwar 200 jum fis-sena. Is-sħana permanenti tikkontribwixxi għall-evaporazzjoni mgħaġġla tax-xita u għalhekk, għal umdità b'irwejjaħ differenti, skont il-pjanti jew is-siġar. </p><p>Il-klima tal-Perù hija determinata mill-post ġeografiku tagħha, peress li l-pajjiż jinsab fiż-żona intertropikali tad-Dinja, jiġifieri f'latitudni baxxa u qrib l-ekwatur tad-Dinja. Dan jimplika li m'hemmx differenzi kbar bejn it-temperaturi medji tax-xitwa u tas-sajf fil-pajjiż kollu, u jiddetermina wkoll li l-Lvant għandu klima tropikali b'xita. Il-preżenza imponenti tal-firxa tal-muntanji tal-Andes tiddetermina varjetà ta 'klimi ta' altitudni għolja li jvarjaw mill-klima moderata tal-muntanji sal-klima friġida tal-muntanji għoljin. Fl-aħħarnett, il-kurrenti kesħin tal-baħar u l-irjiħat li ġejjin mill-antiċiklun tan-Nofsinhar tal-Paċifiku jiddeterminaw li l-klima niexfa subtropikali tipprevali fuq il-kosta. </p><p>Għalkemm il-Peru jinsab kompletament fit-tropiċi, il-kombinazzjoni ta' latitudni tropikali, meded ta' muntanji, varjazzjonijiet topografiċi u żewġ kurrenti oċeani (Humboldt u El Niño) jagħtu lill-Peru diversità kbira ta' klimi. Elevazzjonijiet 'il fuq mil-livell tal-baħar fil-pajjiż ivarjaw minn -37 sa 6,778 m (-121 sa 22,238 pied) u l-preċipitazzjoni tvarja minn inqas minn 20 mm (0.79 pulzieri) kull sena f'żoni deżerti għal aktar minn 8,000 mm (310 pulzieri) f'żoni ta' foresti tropikali tropikali . </p><p>Minħabba l-ġeografija tiegħu, il-Peru jista 'jinqasam fi tliet klimi ewlenin. Ir-reġjun kostali relattivament irqiq u kontinwu għandu temperaturi moderati, ftit preċipitazzjoni, u umdità għolja, ħlief fil-partijiet tat-Tramuntana aktar sħan u umdi tiegħu. Fir-reġjun muntanjuż, li jkopri kważi terz tal-pajjiż, ix-xita hija frekwenti fis-sajf u t-temperatura u l-umdità jonqsu bl-altitudni sal-qċaċet iffriżati tal-Andes. L-Amażonja Peruvjana, li tkopri aktar minn nofs iż-żona totali tal-Perù, hija kkaratterizzata minn xita qawwija u temperaturi għoljin, ħlief fil-parti l-aktar tan-nofsinhar tagħha, li għandha xtiewi kesħin u xita staġjonali. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reġjuni_ġeografiċi_tradizzjonali_tal-Perù"><span id="Re.C4.A1juni_.C4.A1eografi.C4.8Bi_tradizzjonali_tal-Per.C3.B9"></span>Reġjuni ġeografiċi tradizzjonali tal-Perù</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Reġjuni ġeografiċi tradizzjonali tal-Perù" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Reġjuni ġeografiċi tradizzjonali tal-Perù"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It-territorju tar-Repubblika Peruvjana huwa tradizzjonalment maqsum fi tliet reġjuni naturali differenzjati mill-klima u l-veġetazzjoni tagħhom, li sabiex mill-punent għal-lvant li jibdew mill-Oċean Paċifiku huma l-Kosta, is-Sierra u l-Ġungla. Din id-diviżjoni tripartitika tintuża ta' spiss fid-diskors popolari tal-Perù. L-ewwel rekord ta’ l-użu ta' din is-sistema jinsab fil-ktieb Chronicle of Peru mill-kronista Spanjol Pedro Cieza de León, li daret il-Peru fl-1548 u ddeskriva l-Llanos, is-Sierra u l-Montaña biex jirreferi għall-kosta, muntanji u ġungla. , rispettivament. . Cieza semma l-kosta tan-Nofsinhar bħala sħuna u niexfa, tal-kumplament tal-kosta qal: "...ħaġa notevoli, peress li ma tagħmilx xita tul il-pjanuri kollha." u li hija mħawla biss fejn ix-xmajjar jippermettu t-tisqija.minħabba l-għerja tal-kosta. Jagħmel ukoll kuntrast mal-muntanji, minħabba li hija kiesħa u għandha "xita tax-xitwa", li fil-fatt hija inverżjoni tal-istaġun tas-sajf tan-Nofsinhar, kif ħafna abitanti tal-muntanji saħansitra jqisu llum meta jsejħu l-istaġun tax-xita xitwa. . Fuq il-ġungla, huwa laħaq dak li nafu bħala l-ġungla għolja, billi sejjaħlu "il-muntanji ta 'l-Andes, ta' ħxuna kbira, ta' sriep kbar u ta' l-Indjani ġewwa l-muntanja." Cieza ppubblika l-ewwel parti tal-Kronika tiegħu fi Spanja fl-1553. Din id-diviżjoni lonġitudinali għandha korrispondenza bijoġeografika relatata mal-klima u l-bijodiversità, peress li r-reġjun tal-Kosta għandu korrispondenza mad-deżert kostali tal-Perù, bi klima deżert subtropikali u li min-naħa tiegħu huwa parti mid-deżert tal-Paċifiku tal-Amerika t'Isfel; Is-Sierra tikkostitwixxi l-parti ċentrali tal-firxa tal-muntanji tal-Andes u għandha klima ta' muntanji moderata u klima ta' muntanji għolja kiesħa; u l-Ġungla bil-veġetazzjoni eżuberanti tagħha hija parti mill-Amażonja bi klima tropikali sħuna u b'xita, b'bijodiversità għolja. Din id-diviżjoni tat-territorju Peruvjan fi tliet reġjuni kbar ġiet riveduta mill-akkademja Peruvjana, u pproponiet teżijiet oħra bħat-tmien reġjuni naturali tal-Perù li jippermettulna niksbu approssimazzjoni tal-partikolaritajiet li jiddistingwu t-territorju Peruvjan, speċjalment fost l-ambjent ekoloġiku Andin. Pavimenti; jew id-diviżjoni f'ekoreġjuni li tiddistingwi l-kosta tad-deżert mill-kosta tat-tramuntana ekwatorjali u forestata, ukoll il-firxa tal-muntanji tal-isteppa mill-puna u l-paramo, u l-ġungla baxxa mill-ġungla għolja. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bijodiversità"><span id="Bijodiversit.C3.A0"></span>Bijodiversità</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Bijodiversità" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Bijodiversità"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Kantutas_Cuzco.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Kantutas_Cuzco.jpg/220px-Kantutas_Cuzco.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Kantutas_Cuzco.jpg/330px-Kantutas_Cuzco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Kantutas_Cuzco.jpg/440px-Kantutas_Cuzco.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Fjura Cantuta (Cantua buxifolia), fjura nazzjonali tal-Peru</figcaption></figure> <p>Il-bijodiversità tal-Perù hija pjuttost kumplessa u hija kkaratterizzata minn diversità bijoloġika għolja minħabba l-eżenzjoni partikolari tiegħu imħatteb, id-diversità kbira ta' klimi u l-istorja naturali tagħha. Il-Perù huwa meqjus bħala wieħed mill-pajjiżi megadiverse, jiġifieri wieħed mill-inqas minn għoxrin pajjiż bl-akbar bijodiversità fuq il-pjaneta. Barra minn hekk, fih rati għoljin ta' endemiżmu f'kladi multipli u differenti uniċi fid-Dinja. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fawna">Fawna</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Fawna" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Fawna"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Rupicola_peruvianus_Gallito_de_roca_andino_Andean-Cock-of-the-Rock_(male)_(13995875991).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Rupicola_peruvianus_Gallito_de_roca_andino_Andean-Cock-of-the-Rock_%28male%29_%2813995875991%29.jpg/220px-Rupicola_peruvianus_Gallito_de_roca_andino_Andean-Cock-of-the-Rock_%28male%29_%2813995875991%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Rupicola_peruvianus_Gallito_de_roca_andino_Andean-Cock-of-the-Rock_%28male%29_%2813995875991%29.jpg/330px-Rupicola_peruvianus_Gallito_de_roca_andino_Andean-Cock-of-the-Rock_%28male%29_%2813995875991%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Rupicola_peruvianus_Gallito_de_roca_andino_Andean-Cock-of-the-Rock_%28male%29_%2813995875991%29.jpg/440px-Rupicola_peruvianus_Gallito_de_roca_andino_Andean-Cock-of-the-Rock_%28male%29_%2813995875991%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1368" data-file-height="1824" /></a><figcaption>Serduk tal-blat Andin, għasfur nazzjonali tal-Perù</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Vicunacrop2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Vicunacrop2.jpg/220px-Vicunacrop2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Vicunacrop2.jpg/330px-Vicunacrop2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Vicunacrop2.jpg/440px-Vicunacrop2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1156" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Il-vicuña (Vicugna vicugna), abitant rappreżentattiv tas-Sierra Sur</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Jaguar_animal_panthera_onca.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Jaguar_animal_panthera_onca.jpg/220px-Jaguar_animal_panthera_onca.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Jaguar_animal_panthera_onca.jpg/330px-Jaguar_animal_panthera_onca.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Jaguar_animal_panthera_onca.jpg/440px-Jaguar_animal_panthera_onca.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2004" /></a><figcaption>Il-ġaguar (Jaguar) (Panthera onca), abitant rappreżentattiv tal-Foresti Baxx</figcaption></figure> <p>Minħabba l-ġeografija u l-klima varjati tiegħu, il-Perù għandu bijodiversità għolja b'21,462 speċi ta 'pjanti u annimali rrappurtati fl-2003, 5,855 minnhom endemiċi, u huwa wieħed mill-pajjiżi megadiverse. </p><p>Il-Perù għandu aktar minn 1,800 speċi ta' għasafar (120 endemiċi), aktar minn 500 speċi ta' mammiferi, aktar minn 300 speċi ta 'rettili u aktar minn 1,000 speċi ta' ħut tal-ilma ħelu. Il-mijiet ta' mammiferi jinkludu speċi rari bħall-puma, il-ġaguar, u l-ors tan-nuċċalijiet. L-għasafar tal-Perù jipproduċu kwantitajiet kbar ta' guano, esportazzjoni ekonomikament importanti. Il-Paċifiku fih kwantitajiet kbar ta’ ispnott, barbun, inċova, tonn, krustaċji u molluski, u fih ħafna klieb il-baħar, sperma u balieni. Il-fawna invertebrata hija ħafna inqas inventarjata; Mill-inqas il-ħanfus (Coleoptera) ġew studjati fil-proġett "Beetles of Peru", immexxi minn Caroline S. Chaboo, tal-Università ta 'Nebraska, l-Istati Uniti, u dan żvela aktar minn 12,000 speċi dokumentati u ħafna ġodda għall-Peru. </p><p>Il-Peru għandu wkoll flora ugwalment diversa. Id-deżerti kostali jipproduċu ftit aktar minn kakti, minbarra oasi ta’ ċpar tal-muntanji u widien tax-xmajjar li fihom ħajja unika tal-pjanti. L-artijiet għolja fuq il-linja tas-siġar magħrufa bħala puna huma dar għal arbuxelli, kakti, pjanti reżistenti għan-nixfa bħal ichu, u l-akbar speċi ta 'bromeliad: il-Puya raimondii spettakolari. </p><p>L-għoljiet tal-foresti tas-sħab tal-Andes jappoġġjaw ħażiż, orkidej u bromeliads, u l-foresti tropikali tal-Amażonja hija magħrufa għall-varjetà ta 'siġar u pjanti tal-kanupew. Il-Perù kellu punteġġ medju tal-Indiċi tal-Integrità tal-Pajsaġġ tal-Foresti tal-2019 ta' 8.86/10, u kklassifikah fl-14-il post globalment fost 172 pajjiż. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organizzazzjoni_Territorjali">Organizzazzjoni Territorjali</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Organizzazzjoni Territorjali" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Organizzazzjoni Territorjali"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Peru_-_Regions_and_departments_(labeled).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Peru_-_Regions_and_departments_%28labeled%29.svg/250px-Peru_-_Regions_and_departments_%28labeled%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Peru_-_Regions_and_departments_%28labeled%29.svg/375px-Peru_-_Regions_and_departments_%28labeled%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Peru_-_Regions_and_departments_%28labeled%29.svg/500px-Peru_-_Regions_and_departments_%28labeled%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="820" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Organizzazzjoni territorjali</figcaption></figure> <p>It-tqassim politiku-amministrattiv ta' pajjiżna jurina li hemm 24 dipartiment jew reġjun u Il-Perù huwa maqsum f'26 unità: 24 dipartiment, il-Provinċja Kostituzzjonali ta' Callao u l-Provinċja ta' Lima (LIM) – li hija indipendenti minn kwalunkwe reġjun u sservi bħala l-kapitali tal-pajjiż. Skont il-kostituzzjoni, l-24 dipartiment flimkien mal-Provinċja ta' Callao għandhom gvern "reġjonali" elett magħmul mill-gvernatur reġjonali u l-kunsill reġjonali. </p><p>Il-gvernatur jikkostitwixxi l-korp eżekuttiv, jipproponi baġits u joħloq digrieti, riżoluzzjonijiet u programmi reġjonali. Il-Kunsill Reġjonali, il-korp leġiżlattiv tar-reġjun, jiddibatti u jivvota fuq il-baġits, jissorvelja l-uffiċjali reġjonali, u jista' jivvota biex ineħħi l-gvernatur, logutenent gvernatur, jew kwalunkwe membru tal-kunsill mill-kariga. Il-gvernatur reġjonali u l-Kunsill Reġjonali jservu terminu ta' erba' snin, mingħajr elezzjoni mill-ġdid immedjata. Dawn il-gvernijiet jippjanaw l-iżvilupp reġjonali, jeżegwixxu proġetti ta' investiment pubbliku, jippromwovu attivitajiet ekonomiċi u jimmaniġġjaw proprjetà pubblika. </p><p>Provinċji bħal Lima huma amministrati minn kunsill muniċipali, immexxi minn sindku. L-għan tad-delega tas-setgħa lill-gvernijiet reġjonali u muniċipali kien, fost l-oħrajn, li tittejjeb il-parteċipazzjoni popolari. L-NGOs kellhom rwol importanti fil-proċess ta' deċentralizzazzjoni u għadhom jinfluwenzaw il-politika lokali. </p><p>Xi żoni tal-Peru huma definiti bħala żoni metropolitani li jikkoinċidu żoni distrettwali. L-akbar minn dawn, iż-żona metropolitana ta' Lima, hija s-seba' l-akbar metropoli fl-Amerika. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demografija">Demografija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Demografija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Demografija"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Peru_Population_Density,_2000_(6171916181).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Peru_Population_Density%2C_2000_%286171916181%29.jpg/220px-Peru_Population_Density%2C_2000_%286171916181%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Peru_Population_Density%2C_2000_%286171916181%29.jpg/330px-Peru_Population_Density%2C_2000_%286171916181%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Peru_Population_Density%2C_2000_%286171916181%29.jpg/440px-Peru_Population_Density%2C_2000_%286171916181%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2324" data-file-height="3161" /></a><figcaption>Densità tal-popolazzjoni, 2000</figcaption></figure> <p>B'madwar 31.2 miljun abitant fl-2017, il-Perù huwa r-raba' pajjiż l-aktar popolat fl-Amerika t'Isfel. Ir-rata tat-tkabbir tal-popolazzjoni tal-Perù naqset minn 2.6% għal 1.6% bejn l-1950 u l-2000; Il-popolazzjoni hija mistennija li tilħaq madwar 42 miljun fl-2050. Skont iċ-ċensiment Peruvjan tal-1940, il-Peru kellu popolazzjoni ta' seba' miljun residenti. </p><p>Fl-2017, 79.3% għexu f'żoni urbani u 20.7% f'żoni rurali. Bliet ewlenin jinkludu ż-żona metropolitana ta' Lima (dar għal aktar minn 9.8 miljun ruħ), Arequipa, Trujillo, Chiclayo, Piura, Iquitos, Cusco, Chimbote u Huancayo; kollha rrappurtaw aktar minn 250,000 abitant fiċ-ċensiment tal-2007 Hemm 15-il tribù Amerindian mhux ikkuntattjat fil-Perù. Il-Perù għandu stennija tal-ħajja ta' 75.0 snin (72.4 għall-irġiel u 77.7 għan-nisa) skont l-aħħar dejta tal-2016 mill-Bank Dinji. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gruppi_etniċi"><span id="Gruppi_etni.C4.8Bi"></span>Gruppi etniċi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Gruppi etniċi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Gruppi etniċi"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il-Perù huwa nazzjon multietniku ffurmat minn mewġ suċċessiv ta' popli differenti fuq ħames sekli. L-Amerindjani abitaw it-territorju Peruvjan għal diversi millenji qabel il-konkwista Spanjola fis-seklu 16; Skont l-istoriku Nobbli David Cook, il-popolazzjoni tagħha naqset minn kważi 5-9 miljun fis-snin 1520 għal madwar 600,000 fl-1620 prinċipalment minħabba mard infettiv. </p><p>Iċ-ċensiment tal-2017 kien jinkludi mistoqsija dwar l-awtoidentifikazzjoni etnika għall-ewwel darba. Skont ir-riżultati, 60.2% tan-nies identifikaw lilhom infushom bħala mestizo, 22.3% identifikaw lilhom infushom bħala Quechua, 5.9% identifikaw lilhom infushom bħala bojod, 3.6% identifikaw lilhom infushom bħala iswed, 2.4% identifikaw ruħhom bħala Aymara, 2.3% identifikaw ruħhom bħala oħrajn. etniċi, u 3.3% ma ddikjarawx l-etniċità tagħhom. </p><p>L-Ispanjoli u l-Afrikani waslu f'numru kbir taħt ir-reġim kolonjali, ħallat ħafna ma' xulxin u ma' popli indiġeni. Wara l-indipendenza, kien hemm immigrazzjoni gradwali mill-Ingilterra, Franza, il-Ġermanja u l-Italja. Il-Perù ħeles lill-iskjavi suwed tiegħu fl-1854. Iċ-Ċiniżi u l-Ġappuniżi waslu fl-1850 bħala ħaddiema wara t-tmiem tal-iskjavitù, u minn dakinhar saru influwenza kbira fuq is-soċjetà Peruvjana. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gruppi_etniċi_(2017)_2"><span id="Gruppi_etni.C4.8Bi_.282017.29_2"></span>Gruppi etniċi (2017)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Gruppi etniċi (2017)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Gruppi etniċi (2017)"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>60.2% Mestizo (Mħallta Abjad u Indiġeni)</li> <li>25.8% Indiġeni</li> <li>5.9% Abjad</li> <li>3.6% Iswed</li> <li>0.2% Nikkei (Ġappuniż) jew Tusan (Ċiniż)</li> <li>1.0% oħra</li> <li>3.3% ebda tweġiba</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lingwa">Lingwa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Lingwa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Lingwa"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Last_look_arounjd_Lima_(8444763943).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Last_look_arounjd_Lima_%288444763943%29.jpg/220px-Last_look_arounjd_Lima_%288444763943%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Last_look_arounjd_Lima_%288444763943%29.jpg/330px-Last_look_arounjd_Lima_%288444763943%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Last_look_arounjd_Lima_%288444763943%29.jpg/440px-Last_look_arounjd_Lima_%288444763943%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1414" data-file-height="2121" /></a><figcaption>Casa de Osambela, kwartieri ġenerali tal-Akkademja tal-Lingwa Peruvjana (APL) f'Lima</figcaption></figure> <p>Skont il-Kostituzzjoni Peruvjana tal-1993, il-lingwi uffiċjali tal-Perù huma l-Spanjol u, f'żoni fejn jippredominaw, il-Quechua u lingwi indiġeni oħra. L-Ispanjol huwa mitkellem b'mod nattiv minn 82.6% tal-popolazzjoni, il-Quechua bi 13.9% u l-Aymara b'1.7%, filwaqt li l-1.8% li jifdal jitkellmu lingwi oħra. </p><p>L-Spanjol huwa l-lingwa uffiċjali tal-pajjiż, li tintuża fil-midja, fis-sistemi edukattivi u fil-kummerċ. L-Amerindjani li jgħixu fl-artijiet għoljiet Andini jitkellmu bil-Quechua u l-Aymara u huma etnikament distinti mid-diversi gruppi indiġeni li jgħixu fin-naħa tal-Lvant tal-Andes u fl-artijiet baxxi tropikali li jmissu mal-baċin tal-Amażonja. </p><p>Ir-reġjuni ġeografiċi distinti tal-Perù huma riflessi f'diviżjoni lingwistika bejn il-kosta, fejn l-Ispanjol huwa aktar predominanti fuq il-lingwi Amerinjani, u l-kulturi Andini tradizzjonali aktar diversi tal-muntanji u l-għoljiet. Il-popolazzjonijiet indiġeni fil-Lvant tal-Andes jitkellmu diversi lingwi u djaletti. Xi wħud minn dawn il-gruppi għadhom jaderixxu mal-lingwi indiġeni tradizzjonali, filwaqt li oħrajn ġew assimilati kważi kompletament fil-lingwa Spanjola. Kien hemm sforz dejjem jikber u organizzat biex jiġi mgħallem il-Quechua fi skejjel pubbliċi f’żoni li jitkellmu bil-Quechua. Fl-Amażonja Peruvjana, huma mitkellma bosta lingwi indiġeni, inklużi Asháninka, Bora u Aguaruna. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lingwi_uffiċjali_u_ko-uffiċjali"><span id="Lingwi_uffi.C4.8Bjali_u_ko-uffi.C4.8Bjali"></span>Lingwi uffiċjali u ko-uffiċjali</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Lingwi uffiċjali u ko-uffiċjali" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Lingwi uffiċjali u ko-uffiċjali"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Spanjol</li> <li>Keċwa</li> <li>Aymara</li> <li>Lingwi Indiġeni oħra</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Religion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: Religion"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Coricancha,_Cusco,_Per%C3%BA,_2015-07-31,_DD_68.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coricancha%2C_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_68.JPG/220px-Coricancha%2C_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_68.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coricancha%2C_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_68.JPG/330px-Coricancha%2C_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_68.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coricancha%2C_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_68.JPG/440px-Coricancha%2C_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_68.JPG 2x" data-file-width="7088" data-file-height="4778" /></a><figcaption>Quri Kancha u l-Kunvent ta' Santo Domingo, f'Cusco</figcaption></figure> <p>Il-Kattoliċiżmu Ruman kien il-fidi predominanti fil-Perù għal sekli sħaħ, għalkemm il-prattiċi reliġjużi għandhom grad għoli ta' sinkretiżmu mat-tradizzjonijiet indiġeni. Tnejn mill-universitajiet tagħha, il-Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú u l-Universidad Católica San Pablo, huma fost l-aqwa 5 universitajiet fil-pajjiż. Skont iċ-ċensiment tal-2017, 76% tal-popolazzjoni ta' aktar minn 12-il sena ddeskrivew lilhom infushom bħala Kattolika, 14.1% bħala Evanġeliċi, 4.8% bħala Protestanti, Lhudija, Qaddisin tal-Aħħar Jiem u Xhieda ta' Jehovah, u 5.1% bħala mhux reliġjużi. </p><p>It-tradizzjonijiet reliġjużi Amerindjani għadhom għandhom rwol importanti fit-twemmin tal-Peruvjani. Il-vaganzi Kattoliċi bħal Corpus Christi, il-Ġimgħa Mqaddsa, u l-Milied huma xi drabi mħallta mat-tradizzjonijiet Amerinjani. Il-festi Amerinjani minn żmien qabel il-Kolombja għadhom mifruxa; Inti Raymi, festival antik tal-Inka, għadu ċċelebrat, speċjalment fil-komunitajiet rurali. </p><p>Ħafna bliet u rħula għandhom il-knisja jew il-katidral uffiċjali tagħhom u l-qaddis patrun. Iż-żewġ qaddisin tal-Perù huma Rosa de Lima, l-ewwel Qaddisa tal-Amerika, u Martín de Porres. L-akbar katidral fil-Perù huwa l-Katidral Metropolitan ta' Lima. Knejjes u katidrali notevoli oħra huma l-Katidral Bażilika ta' Cusco, il-Katidral ta' Arequipa, u l-Bażilika ta' Santo Domingo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Religion_(2017)"><span id="Religion_.282017.29"></span>Religion (2017)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Religion (2017)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section's source code: Religion (2017)"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>94.5% Kristjaneżmu</li> <li>76.0% Kattoliku</li> <li>18.5% Kristjan ieħor</li> <li>5.1% ebda reliġjon</li> <li>0.4% oħra</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Edukazzjoni">Edukazzjoni</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Edukazzjoni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section's source code: Edukazzjoni"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=mt&wpDestFile=CCSM-UNMSM_Casona_de_San_Marcos_y_Parque_Universitario.jpg" class="new" title="Stampa:CCSM-UNMSM Casona de San Marcos y Parque Universitario.jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="180">Stampa:CCSM-UNMSM Casona de San Marcos y Parque Universitario.jpg</span></a><figcaption>Università Nazzjonali ta' San Marcos, f'Lima</figcaption></figure> <p>Ir-rata tal-litteriżmu tal-Perù hija stmata għal 92.9% fl-2007; Din ir-rata hija inqas fiż-żoni rurali (80.3%) milli fiż-żoni urbani (96.3%). L-edukazzjoni primarja u sekondarja huma obbligatorji u b’xejn fl-iskejjel pubbliċi. </p><p>Il-Perù huwa dar għal waħda mill-eqdem istituzzjonijiet ta' edukazzjoni ogħla fid-Dinja l-Ġdida. L-Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, imwaqqfa fit-12 ta' Mejju, 1551 matul il-Viciroyalty tal-Perù, hija l-ewwel università stabbilita uffiċjalment u l-eqdem università li topera kontinwament fl-Amerika. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Toponimi">Toponimi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Toponimi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section's source code: Toponimi"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ħafna mill-ismijiet tal-postijiet Peruvjani għandhom sorsi indiġeni. Fil-komunitajiet Andini ta' Ancash, Cusco u Puno, l-ismijiet Quechua jew Aymara jippredominaw b'mod assolut. Madankollu, l-ortografija tagħha bbażata fl-Ispanjol hija f'kunflitt mal-alfabeti standardizzati ta' dawn il-lingwi. Skont l-artikolu 20 tad-Digriet Suprem Nru 004-2016-MC (Digriet Suprem) li japprova r-Regolament tal-Liġi 29735, ippubblikat fil-gazzetta uffiċjali El Peruano fit-22 ta' Lulju, 2016, iridu jiġu proposti progressivament ortografiji xierqa tal-ismijiet tal-postijiet fl-istandardizzati alfabeti tal-lingwi indiġeni bil-għan li tiġi standardizzata n-nomenklatura użata mill-Istitut Ġeografiku Nazzjonali (IGN). L-Istitut Ġeografiku Nazzjonali jagħmel il-bidliet meħtieġa għall-mapep uffiċjali tal-Perù. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomija">Ekonomija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Ekonomija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section's source code: Ekonomija"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Sanisidroskyscrapers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Sanisidroskyscrapers.jpg/220px-Sanisidroskyscrapers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Sanisidroskyscrapers.jpg/330px-Sanisidroskyscrapers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Sanisidroskyscrapers.jpg/440px-Sanisidroskyscrapers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1419" data-file-height="808" /></a><figcaption>San Isidro, Lima, id-distrett finanzjarju tal-Perù</figcaption></figure> <p>L-ekonomija tal-Perù hija t-48 l-akbar fid-dinja (klassifikata skont il-parità tas-saħħa tal-akkwist), u l-livell tad-dħul huwa kklassifikat bħala upper-middle mill-Bank Dinji. Il-Perù huwa, mill-2011, waħda mill-ekonomiji li qed jikbru b'rata mgħaġġla fid-dinja minħabba boom ekonomiku esperjenzat matul is-snin 2000. Għandu Indiċi ta' Żvilupp Uman ogħla mill-medja ta' 0.77 li ra titjib kostanti fl-aħħar 25 sena. Storikament, il-prestazzjoni ekonomika tal-pajjiż kienet marbuta mal-esportazzjonijiet, li jipprovdu munita barranija biex tiffinanzja l-importazzjonijiet u l-ħlasijiet tad-dejn barrani. Għalkemm ipprovdew dħul sostanzjali, it-tkabbir awtosostenibbli u distribuzzjoni aktar ugwali tad-dħul urew li ma kinux faċli. Skont id-dejta tal-2015, 19.3% tal-popolazzjoni totali tagħha hija fqira, inklużi 9% li jgħixu f'faqar estrem. L-inflazzjoni fl-2012 kienet l-inqas fl-Amerika Latina, b'1.8% biss, iżda żdiedet fl-2013 hekk kif il-prezzijiet taż-żejt u tal-komoditajiet żdiedu; Fl-2014 huwa 2.5%. u fl-2023 għal 8.6%. Ir-rata tal-qgħad naqset b’mod kostanti f’dawn l-aħħar snin, u fl-2012 kienet ta' 3.6%. </p><p>Il-politika ekonomika Peruvjana varjat ħafna f'dawn l-aħħar deċennji. Il-gvern 1968-1975 ta 'Juan Velasco Alvarado introduċa riformi radikali, inkluża riforma agrarja, l-esproprjazzjoni ta' kumpaniji barranin, l-introduzzjoni ta' sistema ta' ppjanar ekonomiku, u l-ħolqien ta' settur statali kbir. Dawn il-miżuri ma laħqux l-għanijiet tagħhom ta' ridistribuzzjoni tad-dħul u t-tmiem tad-dipendenza ekonomika fuq nazzjonijiet żviluppati. </p><p>Minkejja dawn ir-riżultati, il-biċċa l-kbira tar-riformi ma treġġgħux lura sad-disgħinijiet, meta l-gvern liberalizzanti ta' Alberto Fujimori temm il-kontrolli tal-prezzijiet, il-protezzjoniżmu, ir-restrizzjonijiet fuq l-investiment barrani dirett u l-biċċa l-kbira tas-sjieda statali tal-kumpaniji. </p><p>Fl-2010, is-servizzi rrappreżentaw 53% tal-prodott gross domestiku tal-Perù, segwiti mill-manifattura (22.3%), l-industriji estrattivi (15%) u t-taxxi (9.7%). It-tkabbir ekonomiku reċenti kien immexxi minn stabbiltà makroekonomika, titjib fit-termini tal-kummerċ, u żieda fl-investiment u l-konsum. Il-kummerċ kien mistenni li jiżdied aktar wara l-implimentazzjoni ta 'ftehim ta' kummerċ ħieles mal-Istati Uniti ffirmat fit-12 ta' April, 2006. L-esportazzjonijiet ewlenin tal-Peru kienu ram, deheb, żingu, tessuti u ħut mitħun; L-imsieħba kummerċjali ewlenin tagħha kienu l-Istati Uniti, iċ-Ċina, il-Brażil u ċ-Ċilì. Il-Perù kklassifikat fis-76 post fl-Indiċi tal-Innovazzjoni Globali fl-2023. </p><p>Il-ħaddiema informali jirrappreżentaw, fl-2019, 70% tas-suq tax-xogħol skont l-Istitut Nazzjonali tal-Istatistika u l-Informatika (INEI). Fl-2016, kważi tliet miljun tifel u tifla u adoloxxenti ħadmu fis-settur informali. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minjieri">Minjieri</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Minjieri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section's source code: Minjieri"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:OperacionesYanacocha.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/OperacionesYanacocha.jpg/220px-OperacionesYanacocha.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/OperacionesYanacocha.jpg/330px-OperacionesYanacocha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/OperacionesYanacocha.jpg/440px-OperacionesYanacocha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1304" /></a><figcaption>Mina Yanacocha</figcaption></figure> <p>Il-pajjiż jiddependi ħafna fuq il-minjieri għall-esportazzjoni tal-materja prima, li ammontaw għal 61.3% tal-esportazzjonijiet fl-2023. Fl-2019, il-pajjiż kien it-tieni l-akbar produttur fid-dinja ta' ram, fidda u żingu, it-tmien l-akbar produttur fid-dinja tad-deheb, it-tielet. produttur dinji taċ-ċomb, ir-raba’ produttur dinji tal-landa, il-ħames produttur dinji tal-boron u r-raba' produttur dinji tal-molibdenu. – biex ma nsemmux il-gass u ż-żejt. Il-pajjiż għandu pożizzjoni kompetittiva mistennija fil-minjieri dinjija, li jżomm it-tmexxija tal-minjieri fl-Amerika Latina u storja soda u trajettorja ta' minjieri ftit industrijalizzata l-Perù jbati mill-varjazzjoni internazzjonali fil-prezzijiet tal-komoditajiet. </p><p>Il-minjiera Yanacocha f'Cajamarca hija s-sors ewlieni tal-estrazzjoni tad-deheb fil-Perù. Hija meqjusa bħala l-akbar minjiera tad-deheb fl-Amerika t'Isfel u t-tieni l-akbar fid-dinja. Fl-2005, ġew prodotti 3,333,088 uqija ta 'deheb. Indikatur tat-tkabbir tal-minjieri jista 'jidher fl-esportazzjonijiet tal-minjieri, wara li marru minn US $ 1,447 miljun fl-1990 għal US $ 39,639 miljun fl-2023. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agrikoltura">Agrikoltura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Agrikoltura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section's source code: Agrikoltura"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Quinoa_growing_on_Isla_del_Sol,_Lake_Titicaca.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Quinoa_growing_on_Isla_del_Sol%2C_Lake_Titicaca.jpg/220px-Quinoa_growing_on_Isla_del_Sol%2C_Lake_Titicaca.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Quinoa_growing_on_Isla_del_Sol%2C_Lake_Titicaca.jpg/330px-Quinoa_growing_on_Isla_del_Sol%2C_Lake_Titicaca.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Quinoa_growing_on_Isla_del_Sol%2C_Lake_Titicaca.jpg/440px-Quinoa_growing_on_Isla_del_Sol%2C_Lake_Titicaca.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="2333" /></a><figcaption>Quinoa</figcaption></figure> <p>Il-Perù huwa l-akbar produttur fid-dinja tal-quinoa, il-maca u wieħed mill-akbar 5 produtturi tal-avokado, blueberry, qaqoċċ u asparagu, wieħed mill-akbar 10 produtturi fid-dinja tal-kafè u l-kawkaw, u wieħed mill-15-il produttur fid-dinja ta 'patata u ananas, li għandhom ukoll produzzjoni konsiderevoli ta' għeneb, kannamieli taz-zokkor, ross, banana, qamħirrum u kassava; L-agrikoltura tagħha hija diversifikata b'mod konsiderevoli. Fit-trobbija tal-bhejjem, il-Peru huwa wieħed mill-akbar 20 produttur tal-laħam tat-tiġieġ fid-dinja. </p><p>Skont rapport mill-Organizzazzjoni tal-Ikel u l-Agrikoltura tan-Nazzjonijiet Uniti (FAO) ippubblikat f'Awwissu 2022, nofs il-popolazzjoni Peruvjana tbati minn nuqqas ta' sigurtà alimentari moderata (16.6 miljun ruħ), u aktar minn 20% (6.8 miljun ruħ), ibatu minn minn insigurtà severa tal-ikel: imorru ġurnata sħiħa, jew saħansitra diversi jiem mingħajr ma jieklu. </p><p>Id-direttur tal-FAO Peru jenfasizza li “dan huwa l-paradoss kbir ta' pajjiż li għandu biżżejjed ikel għall-popolazzjoni tiegħu. Il-Peru huwa produttur nett tal-ikel u wieħed mill-poteri kbar tal-agro-esportazzjoni fir-reġjun. L-insigurtà tal-ikel hija dovuta għal inugwaljanza soċjali għolja u pagi baxxi, bil-paga minima Peruvjana tkun waħda mill-inqas fl-Amerika t'Isfel u settur informali kbir. Skont il-FAO, il-bdiewa ż-żgħar stess ibatu mill-ġuħ. Imħallsa ħażin, ibatu wkoll l-impatti tat-tibdil fil-klima u jiffaċċjaw il-problema tat-traffikar tad-droga fuq l-artijiet tagħhom u l-attività tal-minjieri li tnaqqas il-ħamrija.” </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industrija">Industrija</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&veaction=edit&section=33" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Industrija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section's source code: Industrija"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kull sena l-Bank Dinji jipprepara lista tal-pajjiżi produtturi ewlenin, ibbażata fuq il-valur totali tal-produzzjoni tagħhom. Skont il-lista tal-2019, il-Perù jikklassifika fil-50 fost l-aktar industriji siewja fid-dinja ($ 28.7 biljun). </p><p>Fl-2011 u l-2016 il-Perù kien l-akbar fornitur tad-dinja tal-ħut mitħun. Huwa wkoll il-produttur ewlieni fid-dinja tas-suf tal-alpaka, u l-aktar esportatur importanti ta 'ħwejjeġ tat-tessuti tal-qoton fl-Amerika Latina, u minħabba l-ġid naturali tiegħu, huwa post eċċellenti għall-iżvilupp tal-industrija tal-polimeru mad-dinja kollha. Il-pajjiż jinsab fi stadju ta' tkabbir ekonomiku u mistenni, fid-dawl tal-ftehimiet u t-trattati ffirmati fiż-żoni ta' kummerċ ħieles, isir wieħed mill-aktar nazzjonijiet tal-Amerika t'Isfel attraenti għall-iżvilupp tan-negozju. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastruttura">Infrastruttura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&veaction=edit&section=34" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Infrastruttura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section's source code: Infrastruttura"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trasport">Trasport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&veaction=edit&section=35" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Trasport" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section's source code: Trasport"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Airport_lima_peru.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Airport_lima_peru.jpg/220px-Airport_lima_peru.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Airport_lima_peru.jpg/330px-Airport_lima_peru.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Airport_lima_peru.jpg/440px-Airport_lima_peru.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="778" /></a><figcaption>Ajruport Internazzjonali Jorge Chávez, f'Callao</figcaption></figure> <p>In-netwerk tat-toroq tal-Perù fl-2021 kien jikkonsisti f'175,589 km (109,106 mi) ta' toroq, b'29,579 km (18,380 mi) asfaltati. Xi awtostradi fil-pajjiż li jispikkaw huma l-Highway Pan-Amerikana u l-Highway Interoceanic. Fl-2016, il-pajjiż kellu 827 km (514 mi) ta' toroq duplikati, u kien qed jinvesti f'aktar duplikazzjonijiet: il-pjan kien li jkollu 2,634 km (1,637 mi) sal-2026. In-netwerk ferrovjarju tal-pajjiż huwa żgħir: fl-2018, il-pajjiż li fih kellu biss 1,939 km (1,205 mi) ta 'ferroviji. </p><p>Il-Perù għandu ajruporti internazzjonali importanti bħal Lima, Cuzco u Arequipa. L-10 ajruporti l-aktar traffikużi fl-Amerika t'Isfel fl-2017 kienu: São Paulo-Guarulhos (Brażil), Bogotá (Kolombja), São Paulo-Congonhas (Brażil), Santiago (Ċili), Lima (Perù), Brażilja (Brażil), Rio de Janeiro (Brażil), Buenos Aires-Aeroparque (Arġentina), Buenos Aires-Ezeiza (Arġentina) u Minas Gerais (Brażil). Bħalissa qed jinbnew espansjonijiet multipli tal-ajruport madwar il-Perù, iż-żewġ ewlenin huma l-Ajruport Internazzjonali Jorge Chávez u l-Ajruport Internazzjonali ta' Chinchero. L-Ajruport Internazzjonali Jorge Chávez, l-akbar fil-Perù, għaddej minn espansjoni li tinkludi l-kostruzzjoni ta' runway ġdida, torri ta' kontroll u terminal ġdid, flimkien ma' lukandi ġodda, bini tal-loġistika u settur tal-merkanzija. Flimkien, jiffurmaw il-Belt tal-Ajruport. Se jippermetti t-tranżitu ta' 40 miljun passiġġier fis-sena u se jitlesta f'Diċembru 2024. Proġett ieħor ta' ajruport ambizzjuż huwa l-Ajruport Internazzjonali ta' Chinchero f'Cusco. L-ajruport il-ġdid se jieħu post l-Ajruport Internazzjonali Alejandro Velasco Astete l-antik u se jgħin lill-passiġġieri jevitaw waqfa f’Lima billi jintroduċi rotot internazzjonali. </p><p>Il-Perù għandu portijiet importanti f'Callao, Ilo u Matarani. Il-15-il port l-aktar traffikużi fl-Amerika t'Isfel fl-2018 kienu: Port ta' Santos (Brażil), Port ta' Bahía de Cartagena (Kolombja), Callao (Perù), Guayaquil (Ekwador), Buenos Aires (Arġentina), San Antonio (Ċili), Buenaventura (Kolombja), Itajaí (Brażil), Valparaíso (Ċili), Montevideo (Urugwaj), Paranaguá (Brażil), Rio Grande (Brażil), São Francisco do Sul (Brażil), Manaus (Brażil) u Coronel (Ċili). Il-Port ta' Callao bħalissa huwa l-akbar port fil-Perù. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Enerġija"><span id="Ener.C4.A1ija"></span>Enerġija</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&veaction=edit&section=36" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Enerġija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section's source code: Enerġija"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Dam_on_urubamba_river.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Dam_on_urubamba_river.jpg/220px-Dam_on_urubamba_river.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Dam_on_urubamba_river.jpg/330px-Dam_on_urubamba_river.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Dam_on_urubamba_river.jpg/440px-Dam_on_urubamba_river.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Diga fuq ix-Xmara Urubamba fl-2013</figcaption></figure> <p>Is-settur tal-elettriku esperjenza titjib notevoli f'dawn l-aħħar snin. In-numru ta' djar b'dawl elettriku kiber minn 82% fl-2007 għal 94.2% fl-2016, filwaqt li l-kwalità u l-effettività tat-twassil tas-servizz tjiebu. Il-kapaċità attwali ta' ġenerazzjoni elettrika hija maqsuma b'mod ugwali bejn l-enerġija termali u idroelettrika. Is-Sistema Elettrika Nazzjonali Interkonnessa tforni 85% tal-popolazzjoni konnessa, b'diversi sistemi iżolati li jkopru l-bqija tal-pajjiż. Il-produzzjoni tal-elettriku Peruvjana ammontat għal 5.1 TWh fix-xahar ta' Ottubru 2022. Minn dawn, 52 % ġew minn impjanti idroelettriċi, 38.3 % minn impjanti termoelettriċi (li jużaw iż-żejt, gass u faħam) u 9.7 % tal-impjanti tal-enerġija rinnovabbli bħal: riħ, solari u oħrajn. </p><p>Fl-2021, il-Perù kellu, f'termini ta' elettriku rinnovabbli installat, 5,490 MW f'enerġija idroelettrika (l-34 l-akbar fid-dinja), 409 MW f'enerġija mir-riħ (id-49 l-akbar fid-dinja), 336 MW f’enerġija solari (62 l-akbar fid-dinja). id-dinja) u 185 MW fil-bijomassa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kura_tas-saħħa"><span id="Kura_tas-sa.C4.A7.C4.A7a"></span>Kura tas-saħħa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&veaction=edit&section=37" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Kura tas-saħħa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section's source code: Kura tas-saħħa"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Hospital_de_Tarapoto_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Hospital_de_Tarapoto_2.jpg/220px-Hospital_de_Tarapoto_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Hospital_de_Tarapoto_2.jpg/330px-Hospital_de_Tarapoto_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Hospital_de_Tarapoto_2.jpg/440px-Hospital_de_Tarapoto_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption>Isptar ta' Tarapoto</figcaption></figure> <p>Il-Perù għandu sistema tas-saħħa deċentralizzata li tikkonsisti f'kombinazzjoni ta' kopertura tal-gvern u mhux tal-gvern. Il-kura medika hija koperta mill-Ministeru tas-Saħħa, EsSalud, il-Forzi Armati (FFAA) u l-Pulizija Nazzjonali (PNP), kif ukoll minn kumpaniji tal-assigurazzjoni privati. Il-Ministeru tas-Saħħa jassigura 60% tal-popolazzjoni u EsSalud tkopri 30%. Il-bqija tal-popolazzjoni tal-Perù hija assigurata minn taħlita tal-Forzi Armati, il-PNP u kumpaniji tal-assigurazzjoni privati. Skont l-Organizzazzjoni Pan-Amerikana tas-Saħħa, l-istennija tal-ħajja għall-irġiel hija 72.6 snin, filwaqt li għan-nisa hija 77.9 snin. Il-mortalità tat-trabi hija tmintax għal kull elf twelid, wara li naqset b'76% mill-1990 sal-2011. Il-kawżi ewlenin tal-mewt tal-Peruvjani huma neoplażmi, influwenza u pnewmonja, mard batterjali, mard iskemiku tal-qalb u mard ċerebrovaskulari. Skont iċ-Ċensimenti tal-Popolazzjoni u tad-Djar tal-2017, 75.5% tal-popolazzjoni għandha xi tip ta' assigurazzjoni tas-saħħa, jiġifieri 22,173,663 persuna, minkejja dan, 24.5% tal-popolazzjoni m’għandha bl-ebda tip ta' assigurazzjoni. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kultura">Kultura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&veaction=edit&section=38" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Kultura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section's source code: Kultura"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Chancay_-_Textile_Doll_-_Walters_83768.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Chancay_-_Textile_Doll_-_Walters_83768.jpg/220px-Chancay_-_Textile_Doll_-_Walters_83768.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Chancay_-_Textile_Doll_-_Walters_83768.jpg/330px-Chancay_-_Textile_Doll_-_Walters_83768.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Chancay_-_Textile_Doll_-_Walters_83768.jpg/440px-Chancay_-_Textile_Doll_-_Walters_83768.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1244" data-file-height="1799" /></a><figcaption>Pupa tat-tessuti (seklu 11), kultura Chancay, Walters Art Museum. Pupi, żgħar fid-daqs, jinstabu ta' spiss fl-oqbra tal-Perù tal-qedem.</figcaption></figure> <p>Il-kultura Peruvjana għandha l-għeruq tagħha prinċipalment fit-tradizzjonijiet Iberiċi u Andini, għalkemm ġiet influwenzata wkoll minn diversi gruppi etniċi Ewropej, Asjatiċi u Afrikani. It-tradizzjonijiet artistiċi Peruvjani jmorru lura għall-fuħħar elaborat, it-tessuti, il-ġojjellerija, u l-iskultura tal-kulturi pre-Inka. L-Incas żammew dawn is-snajja u kisbu kisbiet arkitettoniċi, inkluż il-kostruzzjoni ta' Machu Picchu. Il-barokk iddomina l-arti kolonjali, għalkemm immodifikat minn tradizzjonijiet indiġeni. </p><p>Matul dan il-perjodu, il-biċċa l-kbira tal-arti ffukat fuq temi reliġjużi; Il-knejjes numerużi ta' dak iż-żmien u l-pitturi tal-Skola ta' Cusco huma rappreżentattivi. L-arti staġnat wara l-indipendenza saż-żieda tal-indiġeniżmu fil-bidu tas-seklu 20. Mis-snin ħamsin, l-arti Peruvjana kienet eclettika u ffurmata minn kurrenti artistiċi kemm barranin kif ukoll lokali. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arti_viżwali"><span id="Arti_vi.C5.BCwali"></span>Arti viżwali</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&veaction=edit&section=39" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Arti viżwali" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section's source code: Arti viżwali"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L-arti Peruvjana għandha l-oriġini tagħha fiċ-ċiviltajiet Andini. Dawn iċ-ċiviltajiet ħarġu fit-territorju tal-Perù modern qabel il-wasla tal-Spanjol. L-arti Peruvjana inkorporat elementi Ewropej wara l-konkwista Spanjola u kompliet tevolvi matul is-sekli sal-lum. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Arti_prekolombjana">Arti prekolombjana</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&veaction=edit&section=40" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Arti prekolombjana" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section's source code: Arti prekolombjana"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Nariguera_Moche2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Nariguera_Moche2.JPG/220px-Nariguera_Moche2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Nariguera_Moche2.JPG/330px-Nariguera_Moche2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Nariguera_Moche2.JPG/440px-Nariguera_Moche2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1986" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Ċirku tal-imnieħer Moche li jirrappreżenta d-Decapitator, deheb intarzjat bil-lewn u l-krysocolla. Mużew tad-Deheb tal-Peru, Lima.</figcaption></figure> <p>L-ewwel xogħlijiet tal-arti fil-Perù ġejjin mill-kultura Cupisnique, li kienet ikkonċentrata fuq il-kosta tal-Paċifiku, u l-kultura Chavín, li tinfirex fil-biċċa l-kbira fit-tramuntana ta' Lima, bejn il-meded tal-muntanji Andini tal-Cordillera Negra u l-Cordillera Blanca. Ix-xogħlijiet dekorattivi ta' dan il-perjodu, bejn wieħed u ieħor mis-seklu 9 QK, kienu ta' natura simbolika u reliġjuża. L-artisti ħadmu bid-deheb, il-fidda u ċ-ċeramika biex joħolqu varjetà ta' skulturi u rilievi. Dawn iċ-ċiviltajiet kienu magħrufa wkoll għall-arkitettura u l-iskulturi tal-injam tagħhom. </p><p>Bejn is-seklu 9 QK u t-tieni seklu wara Kristu. C., il-kulturi tal-għerien ta' Paracas u n-nekropoli ta' Paracas żviluppaw fuq il-kosta tan-nofsinhar tal-Perù. L-għerien ta 'Paracas ipproduċew ċeramika polikroma u monokroma kumplessa b'rappreżentazzjonijiet reliġjużi. Id-dfin fin-nekropoli ta' Paracas ipproduċew ukoll tessuti kumplessi, ħafna minnhom magħmulin b’disinni ġeometriċi sofistikati. </p><p>It-3 seklu QK raw it-tiffjorit tal-kultura urbana Moche fir-reġjun ta' Lambayeque. Il-kultura Moche pproduċiet xogħlijiet arkitettoniċi, bħall-Huacas del Sol y de la Luna u l-Huaca Rajada de Sipán. Kienu esperti fil-biedja tat-terrazzini u l-inġinerija idrawlika u pproduċew ċeramika, tessuti, pitturi u skulturi oriġinali. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Huaca_de_la_Luna_Ao%C3%BBt_2007_-_Peintures_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Huaca_de_la_Luna_Ao%C3%BBt_2007_-_Peintures_4.jpg/220px-Huaca_de_la_Luna_Ao%C3%BBt_2007_-_Peintures_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Huaca_de_la_Luna_Ao%C3%BBt_2007_-_Peintures_4.jpg/330px-Huaca_de_la_Luna_Ao%C3%BBt_2007_-_Peintures_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Huaca_de_la_Luna_Ao%C3%BBt_2007_-_Peintures_4.jpg/440px-Huaca_de_la_Luna_Ao%C3%BBt_2007_-_Peintures_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Huaca de la Luna, tempju Moche li jippreserva patios u pjazez ċerimonjali li għandhom aktar minn 1,500 sena. Jinsabu fil-belt ta' Trujillo.</figcaption></figure> <p>Kultura urbana oħra, iċ-ċiviltà Wari, iffjorixxiet bejn is-sekli 8 u 12 f'Ayacucho. L-ippjanar urban ċentralizzat tiegħu estiż għal żoni oħra, bħal Pachacamac, Cajamarquilla u Wari Willka. </p><p>Bejn is-sekli 9 u 13 AD, l-imperu militari urban ta' Tiwanaku ħareġ fuq ix-xtut tal-Lag Titicaca. Iċċentrat fuq belt bl-istess isem fil-Bolivja tal-lum, it-Tiwanaku introduċa arkitettura u skultura monumentali tal-ġebel. Dawn ix-xogħlijiet ta' arkitettura u arti kienu possibbli grazzi għall-iżvilupp tal-bronż mit-Tiwanaku, li ppermettiethom jagħmlu l-għodda meħtieġa. </p><p>L-arkitettura urbana laħqet quċċata ġdida bejn is-sekli 14 u 15 bil-Kultura Chimú. Il-Chimú bena l-belt ta' Chan Chan fil-wied tax-Xmara Moche, f'La Libertad. Iċ-Chimú kienu ħaddiema tad-deheb tas-sengħa u ħolqu xogħlijiet notevoli ta' inġinerija idrawlika. </p><p>Iċ-Ċiviltà Inca, li għaqqdet lill-Peru taħt l-eġemonija tagħha fis-sekli immedjatament qabel il-konkwista Spanjola, inkorporat fix-xogħlijiet tagħha stess ħafna mill-wirt kulturali taċ-ċiviltajiet li qabduha. Fdalijiet importanti tal-arti u l-arkitettura tagħhom jistgħu jidhru fi bliet bħal Cusco, fdalijiet arkitettoniċi bħal Sacsayhuamán u Machu Picchu u bankini tal-ġebel li jgħaqqdu lil Cusco mal-bqija tal-Imperu Inca. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Arti_kolonjali">Arti kolonjali</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&veaction=edit&section=41" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Arti kolonjali" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section's source code: Arti kolonjali"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Saint_Joseph_and_the_Christ_Child_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Saint_Joseph_and_the_Christ_Child_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Saint_Joseph_and_the_Christ_Child_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Saint_Joseph_and_the_Christ_Child_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Saint_Joseph_and_the_Christ_Child_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Saint_Joseph_and_the_Christ_Child_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-Saint_Joseph_and_the_Christ_Child_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4129" data-file-height="5470" /></a><figcaption>San Ġużepp u l-Bambin Ġesù, Anonimu, Skola Kolonjali tal-Pittura ta' Cusco, sekli 17-18</figcaption></figure> <p>L-iskultura u l-pittura Peruvjani bdew jiġu definiti mill-workshops imwaqqfa mill-patrijiet, li kienu influwenzati ħafna mill-Iskola Barokka Seviljana. F’dak il-kuntest, ġew irreġistrati l-monti tal-kor tal-Katidral, il-funtana fil-Plaza de Armas f’Lima, it-tnejn ta' Pedro de Noguera, u parti kbira mill-produzzjoni kolonjali. L-ewwel ċentru tal-arti stabbilit mill-Ispanjol kienet l-Skola ta' Cuzco li għallmet lill-artisti Quechua stili ta' pittura Ewropej. Diego Quispe Tito (1611–1681) kien wieħed mill-ewwel membri tal-iskola Cuzco u Marcos Zapata (1710–1773) kien wieħed mill-aħħar. </p><p>Il-pittura ta' dan il-perjodu kienet tirrifletti sinteżi ta' influwenzi Ewropej u indiġeni, kif jidher fir-ritratt tal-priġunier Atahualpa, ta' D. de Mora jew fit-tiles tat-Taljani Mateo Pérez de Alesio u Angelino Medoro, l-Ispanjol Francisco Bejarano u J. minn Illescas u l-Kreolu J. Rodríguez. </p><p>Matul is-sekli 17 u 18, l-istil barokk iddomina wkoll il-qasam tal-arti. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Letteratura">Letteratura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&veaction=edit&section=42" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Letteratura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section's source code: Letteratura"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It-terminu letteratura Peruvjana mhux biss jirreferi għal-letteratura prodotta fir-Repubblika indipendenti tal-Perù, iżda wkoll għal-letteratura prodotta fil-Viċiroyalty tal-Perù matul il-perjodu kolonjali tal-pajjiż, u għall-forom artistiċi orali maħluqa minn diversi gruppi etniċi li kienu jeżistu fiż-żona matul il-perjodu prekolumbjan, bħall-Quechuas, l-Aymaras u l-Chankas. </p><p>Il-letteratura Peruvjana għandha l-għeruq tagħha fit-tradizzjonijiet orali taċ-ċiviltajiet prekolombjani. L-Ispanjol introduċew il-kitba fis-seklu 16; L-espressjoni letterarja kolonjali kienet tinkludi kronaki u letteratura reliġjuża. Wara l-indipendenza, il-kostumbriżmu u r-romantizmu saru l-aktar ġeneri letterarji komuni, kif eżemplati mix-xogħlijiet ta' Ricardo Palma. Il-moviment indiġenu tal-bidu tas-seklu 20 kien immexxi minn kittieba bħal Ciro Alegría u José María Arguedas. César Vallejo kiteb versi modernisti u spiss impenjati politikament. Il-letteratura Peruvjana moderna hija rikonoxxuta grazzi għal awturi bħar-rebbieħ tal-Premju Nobel Mario Vargas Llosa, membru prominenti tal-isplużjoni tal-Amerika Latina. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kċina"><span id="K.C4.8Bina"></span>Kċina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&veaction=edit&section=43" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Kċina" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section's source code: Kċina"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Ceviche_mixto_callao.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Ceviche_mixto_callao.jpg/220px-Ceviche_mixto_callao.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Ceviche_mixto_callao.jpg/330px-Ceviche_mixto_callao.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Ceviche_mixto_callao.jpg/440px-Ceviche_mixto_callao.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Ceviche huwa platt popolari tal-frott tal-baħar immarinat bil-lumi li oriġina fil-Peru.</figcaption></figure> <p>Minħabba l-espedizzjoni Spanjola u l-iskoperta tal-Amerika, l-esploraturi bdew l-iskambju Kolumbjan li kien jinkludi ikel mhux magħruf fid-Dinja l-Qadima, inkluż patata, tadam, u qamħ. L-ikel Peruvjan indiġenu modern spiss jinkludi qamħ, patata, u bżar taċ-chili. Issa hemm aktar minn 3,000 tip ta' patata mkabbra fuq ħamrija Peruvjana, skont l-Istitut tal-Patata Peruvjana tal-Peru. Il-kċina Peruvjana moderna tħallat ikel Amerinjan u Spanjol b'influwenzi qawwija mill-kċina Ċiniża, Afrikana, Għarbija, Taljana u Ġappuniża. Dixxijiet komuni jinkludu anticuchos, ceviche, u pachamanca. Il-klima varjata tal-Perù tippermetti t-tkabbir ta' diversi pjanti u annimali tajbin għat-tisjir. Il-Peru huwa magħruf li għandu waħda mill-aqwa kċejjen fid-dinja. Il-kapitali, Lima, hija dar għal Central Restaurante, li huwa l-aqwa ristorant fid-dinja u jservi diversi platti Peruvjani minn kull parti ġeografika tal-pajjiż, il-Costa (il-kosta), Sierra (muntanji) u Selva (foresti tropikali). </p><p>Il-kċina Peruvjana tirrifletti prattiċi u ingredjenti lokali, inklużi influwenzi mill-popolazzjoni indiġena, inklużi l-Incas, u kċejjen miġjuba ma 'kolonizzaturi u immigranti. Mingħajr ingredjenti familjari minn pajjiżhom, l-immigranti mmodifikaw il-kċejjen tradizzjonali tagħhom billi jużaw ingredjenti disponibbli fil-Perù. L-erba 'ikel bażiku tradizzjonali tal-kċina Peruvjana huma qamħ, patata u tuberi oħra, amaranths (quinoa, kañiwa u kiwicha), u legumi (fażola u lupini). Ikel bażiku miġjub mill-Ispanjol jinkludi ross, qamħ, u laħmijiet (ċanga, majjal, u tiġieġ). Ħafna ikel tradizzjonali, bħal quinoa, kiwicha, bżar chili, u diversi għeruq u tuberi, żdiedu fil-popolarità f'dawn l-aħħar deċennji, li jirrifletti qawmien mill-ġdid ta' interess fl-ikel indiġenu Peruvjan u tekniki kulinari. Huwa wkoll komuni li tara kċejjen tradizzjonali servuti b'mod modern fi bliet bħal Cusco, fejn it-turisti jiġu jżuru. Iċ-chef Gastón Acurio sar magħruf biex qajjem kuxjenza dwar l-ingredjenti lokali. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mużika"><span id="Mu.C5.BCika"></span>Mużika</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&veaction=edit&section=44" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Mużika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section's source code: Mużika"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Marinera_Norte%C3%B1a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Marinera_Norte%C3%B1a.jpg/220px-Marinera_Norte%C3%B1a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Marinera_Norte%C3%B1a.jpg/330px-Marinera_Norte%C3%B1a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Marinera_Norte%C3%B1a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="296" /></a><figcaption>Baħri tat-tramuntana</figcaption></figure> <p>Il-mużika Peruvjana għandha għeruq Andini, Spanjoli u Afrikani. Fi żminijiet prekolombjani, l-espressjonijiet mużikali kienu jvarjaw ħafna f’kull reġjun; Il-quena u t-tinya kienu żewġ strumenti komuni. L-Ispanjol introduċew strumenti ġodda, bħall-kitarra u l-arpa, li wasslu għall-iżvilupp ta' strumenti ibridi bħall-charango. Kontribuzzjonijiet Afrikani għall-mużika Peruvjana jinkludu r-ritmi tagħha u l-cajon, strument tal-perkussjoni. Żfin folkloristiku Peruvjani jinkludu l-marinera, it-tondero, iż-zamacueca, id-diablada, u l-huayno. </p><p>Il-mużika Peruvjana hija ddominata mill-istrument nazzjonali, iċ-charango. Iċ-charango huwa membru tal-familja tal-istrumenti tal-lute u ġie ivvintat fi żmien kolonjali minn mużiċisti li jimitaw il-vihuela Spanjola. Fir-reġjuni ta 'Canas u Titicaca, iċ-charango jintuża f'ritwali ta' courtship, simbolikament jinvoka sireni bl-istrument biex jattira lin-nisa lejn artisti rġiel. Sas-sittinijiet, iċ-charango kien denigrat bħala strument tal-foqra rurali. Wara r-rivoluzzjoni tal-1959, li bniet il-moviment indigenismo (1910-1940), iċ-charango sar popolari fost artisti oħra. Varjanti jinkludu l-walaycho, il-chillador, il-chinlili, u l-akbar, charangon aktar baxx sintonizzat. </p><p>Filwaqt li l-kitarra Spanjola tindaqq ħafna, hekk ukoll il-bandurria ta' oriġini Spanjola. B'differenza mill-kitarra, mużiċisti Peruvjani ttrasformawha matul is-snin, u għaddew minn strument bi 12-il korda u 6 kors għal wieħed li għandu minn 12 sa 16-il korda f'erba' kors biss. Jindaqqu wkoll il-vjolini u l-arpi, ukoll ta' oriġini Ewropea. Strument famuż ħafna mill-Peru huwa l-flawt tal-Pan, li jmur lura għaż-żminijiet tal-Inka. Huwa magħmul minn tubi tal-bambu vojta minn ġewwa u tintlagħab ħafna fl-Andes Peruvjani. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ċinema"><span id=".C4.8Ainema"></span>Ċinema</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&veaction=edit&section=45" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Ċinema" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section's source code: Ċinema"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Filwaqt li l-industrija tal-films Peruvjani ma kinitx prolifika daqs dik ta' xi pajjiżi oħra tal-Amerika Latina, xi films Peruvjani prodotti gawdew suċċess reġjonali. Storikament, iċ-ċinema Peruvjana bdiet f'Iquitos fl-1932 minn Antonio Wong Rengifo (b'lavanja inizjali traxxendentali ta' films li bdiet fl-1900) bħala riżultat tal-isplużjoni tal-gomma u l-wasla intensa ta' barranin bit-teknoloġija fil-belt, u b'hekk kompla estensiva. u filmografija unika, bi stil differenti minn dak tal-films li saru fil-kapitali, Lima. </p><p>Il-Perù pproduċa wkoll l-ewwel film animat 3D tal-Amerika Latina, Piratas en el Callao. Dan il-film huwa ambjentat fil-belt storika tal-port ta' Callao, li fi żmien l-era kolonjali kellha tiddefendi ruħha minn attakki mill-privaters Olandiżi u Brittaniċi li ppruvaw jimminaw il-kummerċ ta' Spanja mal-kolonji tagħha. Il-film kien prodott mill-kumpanija Peruvjana Alpamayo Entertainment, li għamlet it-tieni film 3D sena wara: Dragones: Destino de Fuego. </p><p>Fi Frar 2006, il-film Madeinusa, prodott b'mod konġunt bejn il-Perù u Spanja u taħt id-direzzjoni ta' Claudia Llosa, jinsab f’raħal Andin immaġinarju u jiddeskrivi l-ħajja staġnata ta' Madeinusa interpretata minn Magaly Solier u t-trawmi tal-Peru ta' wara l-gwerra ċivili. </p><p>Llosa, li qasmet elementi tar-realiżmu maġiku ta' Gabriel García Márquez, rebaħ premju fil-Festival tal-Films ta' Rotterdam. It-tieni film ta' Llosa, La tetatrabajo (“The Frightened Tit”), ġie nominat fit-82 Akkademja għall-Aqwa Film tal-Lingwa Barranija, l-ewwel film Peruvjan fl-istorja tal-akkademja li ġie nominat. La teta Afraida ("The Frightened Tit"), rebħet il-premju Golden Bear fil-Berlinale tal-2009. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&veaction=edit&section=46" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Sport" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section's source code: Sport"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Estadio_Nacional_nuevo_07_10_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Estadio_Nacional_nuevo_07_10_2011.jpg/220px-Estadio_Nacional_nuevo_07_10_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Estadio_Nacional_nuevo_07_10_2011.jpg/330px-Estadio_Nacional_nuevo_07_10_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Estadio_Nacional_nuevo_07_10_2011.jpg/440px-Estadio_Nacional_nuevo_07_10_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>L-Stadium Nazzjonali tal-Peru fl-2011</figcaption></figure> <p>Il-prattika tal-isport fil-Peru tmur lura għal żminijiet kolonjali. Bil-wasla tal-Spanjoli f'dan it-territorju, il-prattika tal-isport inbidlet radikalment. Dan kien aktar tard influwenzat mill-ideoloġija Amerikana tal-edukazzjoni fiżika marbuta mal-kummerċjalizzazzjoni. L-isports fil-pajjiż huma maqsuma f'diversi federazzjonijiet sportivi (wieħed għal kull prattika sportiva) li huma taħt it-tutela tal-ogħla entità statali biex tirregola l-prattika tagħhom, l-Istitut Sportiv Peruvjan (IPD). Ħafna mill-federazzjonijiet sportivi għandhom il-kwartieri ġenerali tagħhom fil-Villaġġ Nazzjonali tal-Isport f'Lima. L-akbar grawnd fil-Peru huwa l-Estadio Monumental "U" li għandu kapaċità ta' aktar minn 80,000, li jagħmilha t-tieni l-akbar grawnd fl-Amerika t'Isfel. L-istadium nazzjonali tal-pajjiż huwa l-Estadio Nacional. Il-Perù ospita diversi avvenimenti sportivi, bħall-Copa América tal-2004, il-Kampjonat Dinji U-17 tal-FIFA tal-2005, il-Logħob Bolivariani tal-2013 u l-2024, u l-akbar avveniment sportiv li sar mill-pajjiż, il-Logħob PanAmerikan tal-2019. </p><p>Il-futbol huwa l-aktar logħba popolari u pprattikata fil-pajjiż. L-Ewwel Diviżjoni Peruvjana hija l-aktar kampjonat importanti tal-klabbs fin-nazzjon. It-tim tal-irġiel kellu xi wirjiet importanti fix-xena dinjija. Huwa pparteċipa fit-Tazza tad-Dinja tal-FIFA ħames darbiet. Huwa wkoll darbtejn champion tat-Tazza tal-Amerika fl-1939 u fl-1975 u impressjona fl-Olimpjadi tas-Sajf tal-1936 qabel mar id-dar wara li rtira minn rebħa faċli fuq l-Awstrija fil-kwarti tal-finali. Teófilo Cubillas huwa meqjus bħala l-aqwa plejer tal-futbol fil-Perù. Fuq livell ta' klabb jispikka Universitario mar-runner-up tal-Copa Libertadores fl-1972 u Sporting Cristal ukoll mar-runner-up fl-1997. L-uniċi klabbs Peruvjani b'titli internazzjonali huma Cienciano, li rebaħ ir-Recopa Sudamericana tal-2004 u l-2004. Recopa Sudamericana, u ċampjin tal-Università tal-Copa Libertadores U-20 tal-2011. </p><p>Sports popolari oħra fil-Perù huma volleyball, surfing u karate. Il-Perù rebaħ bosta midalji tad-deheb, tal-fidda u tal-bronż fil-Logħob PanAmerikan. It-tim nazzjonali tal-volleyball tan-nisa tal-Peru kien wieħed mit-timijiet dominanti fis-snin tmenin u disgħin u rebaħ il-midalja tal-fidda fl-Olimpjadi tas-Sajf tal-1988, tilef kontra l-Unjoni Sovjetika 3–2 wara li kien mexxa b'marġni wiesa'. Il-Peru ġeneralment kien tajjeb ħafna fis-surfing u l-volleyball. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="L-aktar_bliet_popolati">L-aktar bliet popolati</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&veaction=edit&section=47" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: L-aktar bliet popolati" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section's source code: L-aktar bliet popolati"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Peru_sat.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Peru_sat.png/220px-Peru_sat.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Peru_sat.png/330px-Peru_sat.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Peru_sat.png/440px-Peru_sat.png 2x" data-file-width="2600" data-file-height="2100" /></a><figcaption>Fotografija bis-satellita tal-Perù</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Lima2017_A.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Lima2017_A.jpg/250px-Lima2017_A.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="408" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Lima2017_A.jpg/375px-Lima2017_A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Lima2017_A.jpg/500px-Lima2017_A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="991" data-file-height="1616" /></a><figcaption>Lima</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Vista_de_Cusco,_Per%C3%BA,_2015-07-31,_DD_18.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Vista_de_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_18.JPG/250px-Vista_de_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_18.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Vista_de_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_18.JPG/375px-Vista_de_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_18.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Vista_de_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_18.JPG/500px-Vista_de_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_18.JPG 2x" data-file-width="7344" data-file-height="2912" /></a><figcaption>Cuzco</figcaption></figure> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Lima2017_A.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lima"><img alt="Lima" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Lima2017_A.jpg/73px-Lima2017_A.jpg" decoding="async" width="73" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Lima2017_A.jpg/110px-Lima2017_A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Lima2017_A.jpg/147px-Lima2017_A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="991" data-file-height="1616" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lima</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Sacsayhuam%C3%A1n,_Cusco,_Per%C3%BA,_2015-07-31,_DD_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Cuzco/Cusco (Kusko)"><img alt="Cuzco/Cusco (Kusko)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Sacsayhuam%C3%A1n%2C_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_01.JPG/120px-Sacsayhuam%C3%A1n%2C_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Sacsayhuam%C3%A1n%2C_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_01.JPG/180px-Sacsayhuam%C3%A1n%2C_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Sacsayhuam%C3%A1n%2C_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_01.JPG/240px-Sacsayhuam%C3%A1n%2C_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="8185" data-file-height="4532" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cuzco/Cusco (Kusko)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Monumento_al_Inca,_Plaza_de_Armas,_Cusco,_Per%C3%BA,_2015-07-31,_DD_50.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Cuzco/Cusco (Kusko)"><img alt="Cuzco/Cusco (Kusko)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Monumento_al_Inca%2C_Plaza_de_Armas%2C_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_50.JPG/83px-Monumento_al_Inca%2C_Plaza_de_Armas%2C_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_50.JPG" decoding="async" width="83" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Monumento_al_Inca%2C_Plaza_de_Armas%2C_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_50.JPG/124px-Monumento_al_Inca%2C_Plaza_de_Armas%2C_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_50.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Monumento_al_Inca%2C_Plaza_de_Armas%2C_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_50.JPG/165px-Monumento_al_Inca%2C_Plaza_de_Armas%2C_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_50.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4457" data-file-height="6468" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cuzco/Cusco (Kusko)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Museo_de_Arte_Religioso_del_Arzobispado,_Cusco,_Per%C3%BA,_2015-07-31,_DD_59.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Cuzco/Cusco (Kusko)"><img alt="Cuzco/Cusco (Kusko)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Museo_de_Arte_Religioso_del_Arzobispado%2C_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_59.JPG/74px-Museo_de_Arte_Religioso_del_Arzobispado%2C_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_59.JPG" decoding="async" width="74" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Museo_de_Arte_Religioso_del_Arzobispado%2C_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_59.JPG/110px-Museo_de_Arte_Religioso_del_Arzobispado%2C_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_59.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Museo_de_Arte_Religioso_del_Arzobispado%2C_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_59.JPG/147px-Museo_de_Arte_Religioso_del_Arzobispado%2C_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_59.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4399" data-file-height="7162" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cuzco/Cusco (Kusko)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Coricancha,_Cusco,_Per%C3%BA,_2015-07-31,_DD_69.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Cuzco/Cusco (Kusko)"><img alt="Cuzco/Cusco (Kusko)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Coricancha%2C_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_69.JPG/120px-Coricancha%2C_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_69.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Coricancha%2C_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_69.JPG/180px-Coricancha%2C_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_69.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Coricancha%2C_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_69.JPG/240px-Coricancha%2C_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_69.JPG 2x" data-file-width="7490" data-file-height="5310" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cuzco/Cusco (Kusko)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Iglesia_de_la_Compa%C3%B1%C3%ADa_de_Jes%C3%BAs,_Plaza_de_Armas,_Cusco,_Per%C3%BA,_2015-07-31,_DD_51.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Cuzco/Cusco (Kusko)"><img alt="Cuzco/Cusco (Kusko)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Iglesia_de_la_Compa%C3%B1%C3%ADa_de_Jes%C3%BAs%2C_Plaza_de_Armas%2C_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_51.JPG/120px-Iglesia_de_la_Compa%C3%B1%C3%ADa_de_Jes%C3%BAs%2C_Plaza_de_Armas%2C_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_51.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Iglesia_de_la_Compa%C3%B1%C3%ADa_de_Jes%C3%BAs%2C_Plaza_de_Armas%2C_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_51.JPG/180px-Iglesia_de_la_Compa%C3%B1%C3%ADa_de_Jes%C3%BAs%2C_Plaza_de_Armas%2C_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_51.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Iglesia_de_la_Compa%C3%B1%C3%ADa_de_Jes%C3%BAs%2C_Plaza_de_Armas%2C_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_51.JPG/240px-Iglesia_de_la_Compa%C3%B1%C3%ADa_de_Jes%C3%BAs%2C_Plaza_de_Armas%2C_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_51.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5945" data-file-height="5324" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cuzco/Cusco (Kusko)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Vista_de_Cusco,_Per%C3%BA,_2015-07-31,_DD_18.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Cuzco/Cusco (Kusko)"><img alt="Cuzco/Cusco (Kusko)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Vista_de_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_18.JPG/120px-Vista_de_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_18.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Vista_de_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_18.JPG/180px-Vista_de_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_18.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Vista_de_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_18.JPG/240px-Vista_de_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_18.JPG 2x" data-file-width="7344" data-file-height="2912" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cuzco/Cusco (Kusko)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Mozaico_Callao.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Callao"><img alt="Callao" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Mozaico_Callao.jpg/54px-Mozaico_Callao.jpg" decoding="async" width="54" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Mozaico_Callao.jpg/82px-Mozaico_Callao.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Mozaico_Callao.jpg/109px-Mozaico_Callao.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1215" data-file-height="2662" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Callao</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Iglesia_Santa_Catalina,_Cajamarca.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cajamarca/Caxamarca/Kashamarka"><img alt="Cajamarca/Caxamarca/Kashamarka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Iglesia_Santa_Catalina%2C_Cajamarca.jpg/120px-Iglesia_Santa_Catalina%2C_Cajamarca.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Iglesia_Santa_Catalina%2C_Cajamarca.jpg/180px-Iglesia_Santa_Catalina%2C_Cajamarca.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Iglesia_Santa_Catalina%2C_Cajamarca.jpg/240px-Iglesia_Santa_Catalina%2C_Cajamarca.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4751" data-file-height="3277" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cajamarca/Caxamarca/Kashamarka</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cajamarca_Plaza_Cathedral.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Cajamarca/Caxamarca/Kashamarka"><img alt="Cajamarca/Caxamarca/Kashamarka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Cajamarca_Plaza_Cathedral.JPG/120px-Cajamarca_Plaza_Cathedral.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Cajamarca_Plaza_Cathedral.JPG/180px-Cajamarca_Plaza_Cathedral.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Cajamarca_Plaza_Cathedral.JPG/240px-Cajamarca_Plaza_Cathedral.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cajamarca/Caxamarca/Kashamarka</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Iglesia_en_Santa_Apolonia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cajamarca/Caxamarca/Kashamarka"><img alt="Cajamarca/Caxamarca/Kashamarka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Iglesia_en_Santa_Apolonia.jpg/120px-Iglesia_en_Santa_Apolonia.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Iglesia_en_Santa_Apolonia.jpg/180px-Iglesia_en_Santa_Apolonia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Iglesia_en_Santa_Apolonia.jpg/240px-Iglesia_en_Santa_Apolonia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cajamarca/Caxamarca/Kashamarka</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cajamarca_aerial.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Cajamarca/Caxamarca/Kashamarka"><img alt="Cajamarca/Caxamarca/Kashamarka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Cajamarca_aerial.JPG/120px-Cajamarca_aerial.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Cajamarca_aerial.JPG/180px-Cajamarca_aerial.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Cajamarca_aerial.JPG/240px-Cajamarca_aerial.JPG 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="498" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cajamarca/Caxamarca/Kashamarka</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Catedral_de_Arequipa.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arequipa"><img alt="Arequipa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Catedral_de_Arequipa.jpg/120px-Catedral_de_Arequipa.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Catedral_de_Arequipa.jpg/180px-Catedral_de_Arequipa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Catedral_de_Arequipa.jpg/240px-Catedral_de_Arequipa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="2340" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Arequipa</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Arequipa_Metropolitana.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arequipa"><img alt="Arequipa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Arequipa_Metropolitana.jpg/120px-Arequipa_Metropolitana.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Arequipa_Metropolitana.jpg/180px-Arequipa_Metropolitana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Arequipa_Metropolitana.jpg/240px-Arequipa_Metropolitana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="654" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Arequipa</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Volcano_Misti,_Peru.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arequipa"><img alt="Arequipa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Volcano_Misti%2C_Peru.jpg/120px-Volcano_Misti%2C_Peru.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Volcano_Misti%2C_Peru.jpg/180px-Volcano_Misti%2C_Peru.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Volcano_Misti%2C_Peru.jpg/240px-Volcano_Misti%2C_Peru.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="719" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Arequipa</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Street_scene_in_Arequipa,_Peru.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arequipa"><img alt="Arequipa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Street_scene_in_Arequipa%2C_Peru.jpg/120px-Street_scene_in_Arequipa%2C_Peru.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Street_scene_in_Arequipa%2C_Peru.jpg/180px-Street_scene_in_Arequipa%2C_Peru.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Street_scene_in_Arequipa%2C_Peru.jpg/240px-Street_scene_in_Arequipa%2C_Peru.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3840" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Arequipa</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Iglesia_de_la_Compa%C3%B1%C3%ADa_de_Jes%C3%BAs_en_Arequipa.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arequipa"><img alt="Arequipa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Iglesia_de_la_Compa%C3%B1%C3%ADa_de_Jes%C3%BAs_en_Arequipa.jpg/120px-Iglesia_de_la_Compa%C3%B1%C3%ADa_de_Jes%C3%BAs_en_Arequipa.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Iglesia_de_la_Compa%C3%B1%C3%ADa_de_Jes%C3%BAs_en_Arequipa.jpg/180px-Iglesia_de_la_Compa%C3%B1%C3%ADa_de_Jes%C3%BAs_en_Arequipa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Iglesia_de_la_Compa%C3%B1%C3%ADa_de_Jes%C3%BAs_en_Arequipa.jpg/240px-Iglesia_de_la_Compa%C3%B1%C3%ADa_de_Jes%C3%BAs_en_Arequipa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Arequipa</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Campi%C3%B1a_Paisajista,_Cercado,_Arequipa.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Arequipa"><img alt="Arequipa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Campi%C3%B1a_Paisajista%2C_Cercado%2C_Arequipa.png/120px-Campi%C3%B1a_Paisajista%2C_Cercado%2C_Arequipa.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Campi%C3%B1a_Paisajista%2C_Cercado%2C_Arequipa.png/180px-Campi%C3%B1a_Paisajista%2C_Cercado%2C_Arequipa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Campi%C3%B1a_Paisajista%2C_Cercado%2C_Arequipa.png/240px-Campi%C3%B1a_Paisajista%2C_Cercado%2C_Arequipa.png 2x" data-file-width="1142" data-file-height="474" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Arequipa</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Freedom_Monument,_Trujillo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Trujillo / Truxillo"><img alt="Trujillo / Truxillo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Freedom_Monument%2C_Trujillo.jpg/120px-Freedom_Monument%2C_Trujillo.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Freedom_Monument%2C_Trujillo.jpg/180px-Freedom_Monument%2C_Trujillo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Freedom_Monument%2C_Trujillo.jpg/240px-Freedom_Monument%2C_Trujillo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4835" data-file-height="3223" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Trujillo / Truxillo</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Municipalidad_Provincial_de_Trujillo.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Trujillo / Truxillo"><img alt="Trujillo / Truxillo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Municipalidad_Provincial_de_Trujillo.JPG/120px-Municipalidad_Provincial_de_Trujillo.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Municipalidad_Provincial_de_Trujillo.JPG/180px-Municipalidad_Provincial_de_Trujillo.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Municipalidad_Provincial_de_Trujillo.JPG/240px-Municipalidad_Provincial_de_Trujillo.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1655" data-file-height="1241" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Trujillo / Truxillo</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Placeta_al_Jir%C3%B3n_Orbegoso_de_Trujillo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Trujillo / Truxillo"><img alt="Trujillo / Truxillo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Placeta_al_Jir%C3%B3n_Orbegoso_de_Trujillo.jpg/120px-Placeta_al_Jir%C3%B3n_Orbegoso_de_Trujillo.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Placeta_al_Jir%C3%B3n_Orbegoso_de_Trujillo.jpg/180px-Placeta_al_Jir%C3%B3n_Orbegoso_de_Trujillo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Placeta_al_Jir%C3%B3n_Orbegoso_de_Trujillo.jpg/240px-Placeta_al_Jir%C3%B3n_Orbegoso_de_Trujillo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3879" data-file-height="2909" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Trujillo / Truxillo</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Esgl%C3%A9sia_de_San_Agust%C3%ADn_de_Trujillo,_Peru.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Trujillo / Truxillo"><img alt="Trujillo / Truxillo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Esgl%C3%A9sia_de_San_Agust%C3%ADn_de_Trujillo%2C_Peru.jpg/90px-Esgl%C3%A9sia_de_San_Agust%C3%ADn_de_Trujillo%2C_Peru.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Esgl%C3%A9sia_de_San_Agust%C3%ADn_de_Trujillo%2C_Peru.jpg/135px-Esgl%C3%A9sia_de_San_Agust%C3%ADn_de_Trujillo%2C_Peru.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Esgl%C3%A9sia_de_San_Agust%C3%ADn_de_Trujillo%2C_Peru.jpg/180px-Esgl%C3%A9sia_de_San_Agust%C3%ADn_de_Trujillo%2C_Peru.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2976" data-file-height="3968" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Trujillo / Truxillo</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Iglesia_trujillo.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Trujillo / Truxillo"><img alt="Trujillo / Truxillo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Iglesia_trujillo.JPG/90px-Iglesia_trujillo.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Iglesia_trujillo.JPG/135px-Iglesia_trujillo.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Iglesia_trujillo.JPG/180px-Iglesia_trujillo.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Trujillo / Truxillo</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Teatro_Municipal_de_Trujillo_-_Fachada.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Trujillo / Truxillo"><img alt="Trujillo / Truxillo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Teatro_Municipal_de_Trujillo_-_Fachada.jpg/120px-Teatro_Municipal_de_Trujillo_-_Fachada.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Teatro_Municipal_de_Trujillo_-_Fachada.jpg/180px-Teatro_Municipal_de_Trujillo_-_Fachada.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Teatro_Municipal_de_Trujillo_-_Fachada.jpg/240px-Teatro_Municipal_de_Trujillo_-_Fachada.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="501" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Trujillo / Truxillo</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Ausgrabungsst%C3%A4tte_Huaca_de_la_Luna_78.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Trujillo / Truxillo"><img alt="Trujillo / Truxillo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Ausgrabungsst%C3%A4tte_Huaca_de_la_Luna_78.jpg/120px-Ausgrabungsst%C3%A4tte_Huaca_de_la_Luna_78.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Ausgrabungsst%C3%A4tte_Huaca_de_la_Luna_78.jpg/180px-Ausgrabungsst%C3%A4tte_Huaca_de_la_Luna_78.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Ausgrabungsst%C3%A4tte_Huaca_de_la_Luna_78.jpg/240px-Ausgrabungsst%C3%A4tte_Huaca_de_la_Luna_78.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5500" data-file-height="3096" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Trujillo / Truxillo</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Photo_montage_Chiclayo.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Chiclayo"><img alt="Chiclayo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Photo_montage_Chiclayo.png/70px-Photo_montage_Chiclayo.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Photo_montage_Chiclayo.png/105px-Photo_montage_Chiclayo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Photo_montage_Chiclayo.png/140px-Photo_montage_Chiclayo.png 2x" data-file-width="3411" data-file-height="5824" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chiclayo</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:HuarazyHuascaran.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Huaraz/Huarás/Waraq"><img alt="Huaraz/Huarás/Waraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/HuarazyHuascaran.jpg/120px-HuarazyHuascaran.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/HuarazyHuascaran.jpg/180px-HuarazyHuascaran.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/HuarazyHuascaran.jpg/240px-HuarazyHuascaran.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Huaraz/Huarás/Waraq</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:CentroculturalHuaraz.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Huaraz/Huarás/Waraq"><img alt="Huaraz/Huarás/Waraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/CentroculturalHuaraz.JPG/120px-CentroculturalHuaraz.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/CentroculturalHuaraz.JPG/180px-CentroculturalHuaraz.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/CentroculturalHuaraz.JPG/240px-CentroculturalHuaraz.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3664" data-file-height="2748" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Huaraz/Huarás/Waraq</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:AvenidaGamarraHZ.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Huaraz/Huarás/Waraq"><img alt="Huaraz/Huarás/Waraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/AvenidaGamarraHZ.jpg/120px-AvenidaGamarraHZ.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/AvenidaGamarraHZ.jpg/180px-AvenidaGamarraHZ.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/AvenidaGamarraHZ.jpg/240px-AvenidaGamarraHZ.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3664" data-file-height="2748" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Huaraz/Huarás/Waraq</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:HuarazStreet.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Huaraz/Huarás/Waraq"><img alt="Huaraz/Huarás/Waraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/HuarazStreet.jpg/120px-HuarazStreet.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/HuarazStreet.jpg/180px-HuarazStreet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/HuarazStreet.jpg/240px-HuarazStreet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3664" data-file-height="2748" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Huaraz/Huarás/Waraq</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Plazuela_Belen_de_noche_(Huaraz,_Peru).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Huaraz/Huarás/Waraq"><img alt="Huaraz/Huarás/Waraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Plazuela_Belen_de_noche_%28Huaraz%2C_Peru%29.JPG/120px-Plazuela_Belen_de_noche_%28Huaraz%2C_Peru%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Plazuela_Belen_de_noche_%28Huaraz%2C_Peru%29.JPG/180px-Plazuela_Belen_de_noche_%28Huaraz%2C_Peru%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Plazuela_Belen_de_noche_%28Huaraz%2C_Peru%29.JPG/240px-Plazuela_Belen_de_noche_%28Huaraz%2C_Peru%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Huaraz/Huarás/Waraq</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Parquefaphz.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Huaraz/Huarás/Waraq"><img alt="Huaraz/Huarás/Waraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Parquefaphz.jpg/120px-Parquefaphz.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Parquefaphz.jpg/180px-Parquefaphz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Parquefaphz.jpg/240px-Parquefaphz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3664" data-file-height="2748" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Huaraz/Huarás/Waraq</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Hyowiki.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Huancayo"><img alt="Huancayo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Hyowiki.jpg/120px-Hyowiki.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Hyowiki.jpg/180px-Hyowiki.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Hyowiki.jpg/240px-Hyowiki.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2038" data-file-height="981" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Huancayo</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:UPLA_Faculty_of_Law_with_two_horses.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Huancayo"><img alt="Huancayo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/UPLA_Faculty_of_Law_with_two_horses.jpg/120px-UPLA_Faculty_of_Law_with_two_horses.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/UPLA_Faculty_of_Law_with_two_horses.jpg/180px-UPLA_Faculty_of_Law_with_two_horses.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/UPLA_Faculty_of_Law_with_two_horses.jpg/240px-UPLA_Faculty_of_Law_with_two_horses.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Huancayo</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Real_plaza.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Huancayo"><img alt="Huancayo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Real_plaza.JPG/120px-Real_plaza.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Real_plaza.JPG/180px-Real_plaza.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Real_plaza.JPG/240px-Real_plaza.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Huancayo</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Plaza_de_Armas_de_Huancayo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Huancayo"><img alt="Huancayo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Plaza_de_Armas_de_Huancayo.jpg/120px-Plaza_de_Armas_de_Huancayo.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Plaza_de_Armas_de_Huancayo.jpg/180px-Plaza_de_Armas_de_Huancayo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Plaza_de_Armas_de_Huancayo.jpg/240px-Plaza_de_Armas_de_Huancayo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Huancayo</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Piura_desde_el_aire.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Piura"><img alt="Piura" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Piura_desde_el_aire.jpg/120px-Piura_desde_el_aire.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Piura_desde_el_aire.jpg/180px-Piura_desde_el_aire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Piura_desde_el_aire.jpg/240px-Piura_desde_el_aire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1892" data-file-height="1053" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Piura</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Edificis_del_jir%C3%B3n_Tacna_de_Piura.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Piura"><img alt="Piura" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Edificis_del_jir%C3%B3n_Tacna_de_Piura.jpg/120px-Edificis_del_jir%C3%B3n_Tacna_de_Piura.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Edificis_del_jir%C3%B3n_Tacna_de_Piura.jpg/180px-Edificis_del_jir%C3%B3n_Tacna_de_Piura.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Edificis_del_jir%C3%B3n_Tacna_de_Piura.jpg/240px-Edificis_del_jir%C3%B3n_Tacna_de_Piura.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3968" data-file-height="2976" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Piura</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Plaza_de_Armas_de_Piura.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Piura"><img alt="Piura" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Plaza_de_Armas_de_Piura.jpg/120px-Plaza_de_Armas_de_Piura.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Plaza_de_Armas_de_Piura.jpg/180px-Plaza_de_Armas_de_Piura.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Plaza_de_Armas_de_Piura.jpg/240px-Plaza_de_Armas_de_Piura.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3964" data-file-height="2973" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Piura</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Edificio_Ingenier%C3%ADa.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Piura"><img alt="Piura" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Edificio_Ingenier%C3%ADa.jpg/120px-Edificio_Ingenier%C3%ADa.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Edificio_Ingenier%C3%ADa.jpg/180px-Edificio_Ingenier%C3%ADa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Edificio_Ingenier%C3%ADa.jpg/240px-Edificio_Ingenier%C3%ADa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4495" data-file-height="2997" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Piura</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Estadio-miguel-grau-piura-entrada-occidente.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Piura"><img alt="Piura" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Estadio-miguel-grau-piura-entrada-occidente.jpg/120px-Estadio-miguel-grau-piura-entrada-occidente.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Estadio-miguel-grau-piura-entrada-occidente.jpg/180px-Estadio-miguel-grau-piura-entrada-occidente.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Estadio-miguel-grau-piura-entrada-occidente.jpg/240px-Estadio-miguel-grau-piura-entrada-occidente.jpg 2x" data-file-width="895" data-file-height="596" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Piura</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Piura_Plaza_de_Armas.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Piura"><img alt="Piura" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Piura_Plaza_de_Armas.jpg/120px-Piura_Plaza_de_Armas.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Piura_Plaza_de_Armas.jpg/180px-Piura_Plaza_de_Armas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Piura_Plaza_de_Armas.jpg/240px-Piura_Plaza_de_Armas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2032" data-file-height="1354" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Piura</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Vista_de_Puno_y_el_Titicaca,_Per%C3%BA,_2015-08-01,_DD_63.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="San Carlos de Puno"><img alt="San Carlos de Puno" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Vista_de_Puno_y_el_Titicaca%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-08-01%2C_DD_63.JPG/120px-Vista_de_Puno_y_el_Titicaca%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-08-01%2C_DD_63.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Vista_de_Puno_y_el_Titicaca%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-08-01%2C_DD_63.JPG/180px-Vista_de_Puno_y_el_Titicaca%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-08-01%2C_DD_63.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Vista_de_Puno_y_el_Titicaca%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-08-01%2C_DD_63.JPG/240px-Vista_de_Puno_y_el_Titicaca%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-08-01%2C_DD_63.JPG 2x" data-file-width="8593" data-file-height="4322" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">San Carlos de Puno</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Historico_Barco_Yavari_de_Puno.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="San Carlos de Puno"><img alt="San Carlos de Puno" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Historico_Barco_Yavari_de_Puno.jpg/120px-Historico_Barco_Yavari_de_Puno.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Historico_Barco_Yavari_de_Puno.jpg/180px-Historico_Barco_Yavari_de_Puno.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Historico_Barco_Yavari_de_Puno.jpg/240px-Historico_Barco_Yavari_de_Puno.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">San Carlos de Puno</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Lago_Titicaca,_Puno_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="San Carlos de Puno"><img alt="San Carlos de Puno" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Lago_Titicaca%2C_Puno_02.jpg/120px-Lago_Titicaca%2C_Puno_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Lago_Titicaca%2C_Puno_02.jpg/180px-Lago_Titicaca%2C_Puno_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Lago_Titicaca%2C_Puno_02.jpg/240px-Lago_Titicaca%2C_Puno_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">San Carlos de Puno</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Jezero_Titicaca_-_plovouc%C3%AD_ostrovy_Uros_-_panoramio_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="San Carlos de Puno"><img alt="San Carlos de Puno" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Jezero_Titicaca_-_plovouc%C3%AD_ostrovy_Uros_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/120px-Jezero_Titicaca_-_plovouc%C3%AD_ostrovy_Uros_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Jezero_Titicaca_-_plovouc%C3%AD_ostrovy_Uros_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/180px-Jezero_Titicaca_-_plovouc%C3%AD_ostrovy_Uros_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Jezero_Titicaca_-_plovouc%C3%AD_ostrovy_Uros_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/240px-Jezero_Titicaca_-_plovouc%C3%AD_ostrovy_Uros_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">San Carlos de Puno</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Puno_-_katedr%C3%A1la_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="San Carlos de Puno"><img alt="San Carlos de Puno" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Puno_-_katedr%C3%A1la_-_panoramio.jpg/120px-Puno_-_katedr%C3%A1la_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Puno_-_katedr%C3%A1la_-_panoramio.jpg/180px-Puno_-_katedr%C3%A1la_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Puno_-_katedr%C3%A1la_-_panoramio.jpg/240px-Puno_-_katedr%C3%A1la_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">San Carlos de Puno</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Panoramica_de_la_ciudad_de_PUNO.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="San Carlos de Puno"><img alt="San Carlos de Puno" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Panoramica_de_la_ciudad_de_PUNO.jpg/120px-Panoramica_de_la_ciudad_de_PUNO.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Panoramica_de_la_ciudad_de_PUNO.jpg/180px-Panoramica_de_la_ciudad_de_PUNO.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Panoramica_de_la_ciudad_de_PUNO.jpg/240px-Panoramica_de_la_ciudad_de_PUNO.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">San Carlos de Puno</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:HuachoCollage.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Huacho"><img alt="Huacho" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/HuachoCollage.jpg/84px-HuachoCollage.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/HuachoCollage.jpg/126px-HuachoCollage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/HuachoCollage.jpg/168px-HuachoCollage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Huacho</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Avenida_Jos%C3%A9_Abelardo_Qui%C3%B1ones_de_Iquitos.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Iquitos"><img alt="Iquitos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Avenida_Jos%C3%A9_Abelardo_Qui%C3%B1ones_de_Iquitos.jpg/120px-Avenida_Jos%C3%A9_Abelardo_Qui%C3%B1ones_de_Iquitos.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Avenida_Jos%C3%A9_Abelardo_Qui%C3%B1ones_de_Iquitos.jpg/180px-Avenida_Jos%C3%A9_Abelardo_Qui%C3%B1ones_de_Iquitos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Avenida_Jos%C3%A9_Abelardo_Qui%C3%B1ones_de_Iquitos.jpg/240px-Avenida_Jos%C3%A9_Abelardo_Qui%C3%B1ones_de_Iquitos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Iquitos</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Oasis_de_Huacachina,_Ica,_Per%C3%BA,_2015-07-29,_DD_23.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Ica"><img alt="Ica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Oasis_de_Huacachina%2C_Ica%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-29%2C_DD_23.JPG/120px-Oasis_de_Huacachina%2C_Ica%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-29%2C_DD_23.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Oasis_de_Huacachina%2C_Ica%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-29%2C_DD_23.JPG/180px-Oasis_de_Huacachina%2C_Ica%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-29%2C_DD_23.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Oasis_de_Huacachina%2C_Ica%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-29%2C_DD_23.JPG/240px-Oasis_de_Huacachina%2C_Ica%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-29%2C_DD_23.JPG 2x" data-file-width="7550" data-file-height="4638" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ica</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Se%C3%B1or_de_Luren.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ica"><img alt="Ica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Se%C3%B1or_de_Luren.jpg/80px-Se%C3%B1or_de_Luren.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Se%C3%B1or_de_Luren.jpg/120px-Se%C3%B1or_de_Luren.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Se%C3%B1or_de_Luren.jpg/160px-Se%C3%B1or_de_Luren.jpg 2x" data-file-width="213" data-file-height="320" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ica</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Ica_-_Iglesia_de_San_Francisco_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ica"><img alt="Ica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Ica_-_Iglesia_de_San_Francisco_-_panoramio.jpg/120px-Ica_-_Iglesia_de_San_Francisco_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Ica_-_Iglesia_de_San_Francisco_-_panoramio.jpg/180px-Ica_-_Iglesia_de_San_Francisco_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Ica_-_Iglesia_de_San_Francisco_-_panoramio.jpg/240px-Ica_-_Iglesia_de_San_Francisco_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ica</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Bodega_El_Catador_(7521862384).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ica"><img alt="Ica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Bodega_El_Catador_%287521862384%29.jpg/120px-Bodega_El_Catador_%287521862384%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Bodega_El_Catador_%287521862384%29.jpg/180px-Bodega_El_Catador_%287521862384%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Bodega_El_Catador_%287521862384%29.jpg/240px-Bodega_El_Catador_%287521862384%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ica</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Plaza_armas_ica_noche.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ica"><img alt="Ica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Plaza_armas_ica_noche.jpg/120px-Plaza_armas_ica_noche.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Plaza_armas_ica_noche.jpg/180px-Plaza_armas_ica_noche.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Plaza_armas_ica_noche.jpg/240px-Plaza_armas_ica_noche.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ica</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Sand_dunes_of_Huacachina.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ica"><img alt="Ica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Sand_dunes_of_Huacachina.jpg/120px-Sand_dunes_of_Huacachina.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Sand_dunes_of_Huacachina.jpg/180px-Sand_dunes_of_Huacachina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Sand_dunes_of_Huacachina.jpg/240px-Sand_dunes_of_Huacachina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3776" data-file-height="2520" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ica</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Catedral_de_Moyobamba.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Moyobamba"><img alt="Moyobamba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Catedral_de_Moyobamba.jpg/120px-Catedral_de_Moyobamba.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Catedral_de_Moyobamba.jpg/180px-Catedral_de_Moyobamba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Catedral_de_Moyobamba.jpg/240px-Catedral_de_Moyobamba.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1873" data-file-height="1183" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Moyobamba</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Plaza_de_Armas_de_Moyobamba_de_D%C3%ADa.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Moyobamba"><img alt="Moyobamba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Plaza_de_Armas_de_Moyobamba_de_D%C3%ADa.jpg/120px-Plaza_de_Armas_de_Moyobamba_de_D%C3%ADa.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Plaza_de_Armas_de_Moyobamba_de_D%C3%ADa.jpg/180px-Plaza_de_Armas_de_Moyobamba_de_D%C3%ADa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Plaza_de_Armas_de_Moyobamba_de_D%C3%ADa.jpg/240px-Plaza_de_Armas_de_Moyobamba_de_D%C3%ADa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3584" data-file-height="2016" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Moyobamba</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:IEntrada_a_la_zona_de_discotecas_en_Moyobamba.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Moyobamba"><img alt="Moyobamba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/IEntrada_a_la_zona_de_discotecas_en_Moyobamba.JPG/120px-IEntrada_a_la_zona_de_discotecas_en_Moyobamba.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/IEntrada_a_la_zona_de_discotecas_en_Moyobamba.JPG/180px-IEntrada_a_la_zona_de_discotecas_en_Moyobamba.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/IEntrada_a_la_zona_de_discotecas_en_Moyobamba.JPG/240px-IEntrada_a_la_zona_de_discotecas_en_Moyobamba.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Moyobamba</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Plaza_de_Armas_de_Moyobamba_de_noche.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Moyobamba"><img alt="Moyobamba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Plaza_de_Armas_de_Moyobamba_de_noche.jpg/120px-Plaza_de_Armas_de_Moyobamba_de_noche.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Plaza_de_Armas_de_Moyobamba_de_noche.jpg/180px-Plaza_de_Armas_de_Moyobamba_de_noche.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Plaza_de_Armas_de_Moyobamba_de_noche.jpg/240px-Plaza_de_Armas_de_Moyobamba_de_noche.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Moyobamba</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Catedral_de_Moyobamba_2012_desde_la_municipalidad.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Moyobamba"><img alt="Moyobamba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Catedral_de_Moyobamba_2012_desde_la_municipalidad.jpg/120px-Catedral_de_Moyobamba_2012_desde_la_municipalidad.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Catedral_de_Moyobamba_2012_desde_la_municipalidad.jpg/180px-Catedral_de_Moyobamba_2012_desde_la_municipalidad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Catedral_de_Moyobamba_2012_desde_la_municipalidad.jpg/240px-Catedral_de_Moyobamba_2012_desde_la_municipalidad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3584" data-file-height="2016" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Moyobamba</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Font_del_Parc_de_San_Sebasti%C3%A1n_amb_l%27esgl%C3%A9sia_de_San_Sebasti%C3%A1n_darrera_a_Hu%C3%A1nuco.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Huánuco"><img alt="Huánuco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Font_del_Parc_de_San_Sebasti%C3%A1n_amb_l%27esgl%C3%A9sia_de_San_Sebasti%C3%A1n_darrera_a_Hu%C3%A1nuco.jpg/120px-Font_del_Parc_de_San_Sebasti%C3%A1n_amb_l%27esgl%C3%A9sia_de_San_Sebasti%C3%A1n_darrera_a_Hu%C3%A1nuco.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Font_del_Parc_de_San_Sebasti%C3%A1n_amb_l%27esgl%C3%A9sia_de_San_Sebasti%C3%A1n_darrera_a_Hu%C3%A1nuco.jpg/180px-Font_del_Parc_de_San_Sebasti%C3%A1n_amb_l%27esgl%C3%A9sia_de_San_Sebasti%C3%A1n_darrera_a_Hu%C3%A1nuco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Font_del_Parc_de_San_Sebasti%C3%A1n_amb_l%27esgl%C3%A9sia_de_San_Sebasti%C3%A1n_darrera_a_Hu%C3%A1nuco.jpg/240px-Font_del_Parc_de_San_Sebasti%C3%A1n_amb_l%27esgl%C3%A9sia_de_San_Sebasti%C3%A1n_darrera_a_Hu%C3%A1nuco.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3879" data-file-height="2909" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Huánuco</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Hu%C3%A1nuco_San_Crist%C3%B3bal_Church.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Huánuco"><img alt="Huánuco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Hu%C3%A1nuco_San_Crist%C3%B3bal_Church.jpg/90px-Hu%C3%A1nuco_San_Crist%C3%B3bal_Church.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Hu%C3%A1nuco_San_Crist%C3%B3bal_Church.jpg/135px-Hu%C3%A1nuco_San_Crist%C3%B3bal_Church.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Hu%C3%A1nuco_San_Crist%C3%B3bal_Church.jpg/180px-Hu%C3%A1nuco_San_Crist%C3%B3bal_Church.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Huánuco</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Hu%C3%A1nuco_Cathedral.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Huánuco"><img alt="Huánuco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Hu%C3%A1nuco_Cathedral.jpg/120px-Hu%C3%A1nuco_Cathedral.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Hu%C3%A1nuco_Cathedral.jpg/180px-Hu%C3%A1nuco_Cathedral.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Hu%C3%A1nuco_Cathedral.jpg/240px-Hu%C3%A1nuco_Cathedral.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Huánuco</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Puente_Tingo_Huanuco.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Huánuco"><img alt="Huánuco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Puente_Tingo_Huanuco.jpg/120px-Puente_Tingo_Huanuco.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Puente_Tingo_Huanuco.jpg/180px-Puente_Tingo_Huanuco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Puente_Tingo_Huanuco.jpg/240px-Puente_Tingo_Huanuco.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4224" data-file-height="3136" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Huánuco</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Puente_de_San_Sebasti%C3%A1n_des_del_Malec%C3%B3n_Alomia_Robles,_Hu%C3%A1nuco.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Huánuco"><img alt="Huánuco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Puente_de_San_Sebasti%C3%A1n_des_del_Malec%C3%B3n_Alomia_Robles%2C_Hu%C3%A1nuco.jpg/120px-Puente_de_San_Sebasti%C3%A1n_des_del_Malec%C3%B3n_Alomia_Robles%2C_Hu%C3%A1nuco.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Puente_de_San_Sebasti%C3%A1n_des_del_Malec%C3%B3n_Alomia_Robles%2C_Hu%C3%A1nuco.jpg/180px-Puente_de_San_Sebasti%C3%A1n_des_del_Malec%C3%B3n_Alomia_Robles%2C_Hu%C3%A1nuco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Puente_de_San_Sebasti%C3%A1n_des_del_Malec%C3%B3n_Alomia_Robles%2C_Hu%C3%A1nuco.jpg/240px-Puente_de_San_Sebasti%C3%A1n_des_del_Malec%C3%B3n_Alomia_Robles%2C_Hu%C3%A1nuco.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3968" data-file-height="2976" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Huánuco</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Plaza_de_Armas_de_Hu%C3%A1nuco_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Huánuco"><img alt="Huánuco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Plaza_de_Armas_de_Hu%C3%A1nuco_2.jpg/120px-Plaza_de_Armas_de_Hu%C3%A1nuco_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Plaza_de_Armas_de_Hu%C3%A1nuco_2.jpg/180px-Plaza_de_Armas_de_Hu%C3%A1nuco_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Plaza_de_Armas_de_Hu%C3%A1nuco_2.jpg/240px-Plaza_de_Armas_de_Hu%C3%A1nuco_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="2432" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Huánuco</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Ciudad_de_Ayacucho.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ayacucho"><img alt="Ayacucho" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Ciudad_de_Ayacucho.jpg/120px-Ciudad_de_Ayacucho.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Ciudad_de_Ayacucho.jpg/180px-Ciudad_de_Ayacucho.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Ciudad_de_Ayacucho.jpg/240px-Ciudad_de_Ayacucho.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1654" data-file-height="1075" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ayacucho</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Casona_Castilla_y_Zamora_-_Ayacucho.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Ayacucho"><img alt="Ayacucho" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Casona_Castilla_y_Zamora_-_Ayacucho.png/90px-Casona_Castilla_y_Zamora_-_Ayacucho.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Casona_Castilla_y_Zamora_-_Ayacucho.png/135px-Casona_Castilla_y_Zamora_-_Ayacucho.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Casona_Castilla_y_Zamora_-_Ayacucho.png/180px-Casona_Castilla_y_Zamora_-_Ayacucho.png 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ayacucho</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Monument_to_the_Battle_of_Ayacucho_where_Peru_won_its_inependence_(7271029082).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ayacucho"><img alt="Ayacucho" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Monument_to_the_Battle_of_Ayacucho_where_Peru_won_its_inependence_%287271029082%29.jpg/90px-Monument_to_the_Battle_of_Ayacucho_where_Peru_won_its_inependence_%287271029082%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Monument_to_the_Battle_of_Ayacucho_where_Peru_won_its_inependence_%287271029082%29.jpg/135px-Monument_to_the_Battle_of_Ayacucho_where_Peru_won_its_inependence_%287271029082%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Monument_to_the_Battle_of_Ayacucho_where_Peru_won_its_inependence_%287271029082%29.jpg/180px-Monument_to_the_Battle_of_Ayacucho_where_Peru_won_its_inependence_%287271029082%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="4320" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ayacucho</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Plaza_de_Armas_-_Ayacucho.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Ayacucho"><img alt="Ayacucho" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Plaza_de_Armas_-_Ayacucho.JPG/120px-Plaza_de_Armas_-_Ayacucho.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Plaza_de_Armas_-_Ayacucho.JPG/180px-Plaza_de_Armas_-_Ayacucho.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Plaza_de_Armas_-_Ayacucho.JPG/240px-Plaza_de_Armas_-_Ayacucho.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ayacucho</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Catedral_de_Ayacucho_(39517424791).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ayacucho"><img alt="Ayacucho" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Catedral_de_Ayacucho_%2839517424791%29.jpg/120px-Catedral_de_Ayacucho_%2839517424791%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Catedral_de_Ayacucho_%2839517424791%29.jpg/180px-Catedral_de_Ayacucho_%2839517424791%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Catedral_de_Ayacucho_%2839517424791%29.jpg/240px-Catedral_de_Ayacucho_%2839517424791%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ayacucho</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Perou243.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ayacucho"><img alt="Ayacucho" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Perou243.jpg/120px-Perou243.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Perou243.jpg/180px-Perou243.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Perou243.jpg/240px-Perou243.jpg 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="510" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ayacucho</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Pucallpa_Plaza_San_Mart%C3%ADn_Fountain_by_Night.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pucallpa/Puka Allpa/May Ushin"><img alt="Pucallpa/Puka Allpa/May Ushin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Pucallpa_Plaza_San_Mart%C3%ADn_Fountain_by_Night.jpg/120px-Pucallpa_Plaza_San_Mart%C3%ADn_Fountain_by_Night.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Pucallpa_Plaza_San_Mart%C3%ADn_Fountain_by_Night.jpg/180px-Pucallpa_Plaza_San_Mart%C3%ADn_Fountain_by_Night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Pucallpa_Plaza_San_Mart%C3%ADn_Fountain_by_Night.jpg/240px-Pucallpa_Plaza_San_Mart%C3%ADn_Fountain_by_Night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="3200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pucallpa/Puka Allpa/May Ushin</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Podrer_Judicial_de_la_corte_superior_de_justicia_de_Ucayali.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pucallpa/Puka Allpa/May Ushin"><img alt="Pucallpa/Puka Allpa/May Ushin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Podrer_Judicial_de_la_corte_superior_de_justicia_de_Ucayali.jpg/90px-Podrer_Judicial_de_la_corte_superior_de_justicia_de_Ucayali.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Podrer_Judicial_de_la_corte_superior_de_justicia_de_Ucayali.jpg/135px-Podrer_Judicial_de_la_corte_superior_de_justicia_de_Ucayali.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Podrer_Judicial_de_la_corte_superior_de_justicia_de_Ucayali.jpg/180px-Podrer_Judicial_de_la_corte_superior_de_justicia_de_Ucayali.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pucallpa/Puka Allpa/May Ushin</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Plaza_de_armas_de_Pucallpa,_obelisco.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pucallpa/Puka Allpa/May Ushin"><img alt="Pucallpa/Puka Allpa/May Ushin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Plaza_de_armas_de_Pucallpa%2C_obelisco.jpg/90px-Plaza_de_armas_de_Pucallpa%2C_obelisco.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Plaza_de_armas_de_Pucallpa%2C_obelisco.jpg/135px-Plaza_de_armas_de_Pucallpa%2C_obelisco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Plaza_de_armas_de_Pucallpa%2C_obelisco.jpg/180px-Plaza_de_armas_de_Pucallpa%2C_obelisco.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pucallpa/Puka Allpa/May Ushin</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:7_de_Junio-Pucallpa.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pucallpa/Puka Allpa/May Ushin"><img alt="Pucallpa/Puka Allpa/May Ushin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/7_de_Junio-Pucallpa.jpg/90px-7_de_Junio-Pucallpa.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/7_de_Junio-Pucallpa.jpg/135px-7_de_Junio-Pucallpa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/7_de_Junio-Pucallpa.jpg/180px-7_de_Junio-Pucallpa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pucallpa/Puka Allpa/May Ushin</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:El_Chavo_Rustica_CC_Real_Plaza_Pucallpa.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Pucallpa/Puka Allpa/May Ushin"><img alt="Pucallpa/Puka Allpa/May Ushin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/El_Chavo_Rustica_CC_Real_Plaza_Pucallpa.JPG/120px-El_Chavo_Rustica_CC_Real_Plaza_Pucallpa.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/El_Chavo_Rustica_CC_Real_Plaza_Pucallpa.JPG/180px-El_Chavo_Rustica_CC_Real_Plaza_Pucallpa.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/El_Chavo_Rustica_CC_Real_Plaza_Pucallpa.JPG/240px-El_Chavo_Rustica_CC_Real_Plaza_Pucallpa.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pucallpa/Puka Allpa/May Ushin</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Pucallpa_Fair_by_night.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pucallpa/Puka Allpa/May Ushin"><img alt="Pucallpa/Puka Allpa/May Ushin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Pucallpa_Fair_by_night.jpg/120px-Pucallpa_Fair_by_night.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Pucallpa_Fair_by_night.jpg/180px-Pucallpa_Fair_by_night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Pucallpa_Fair_by_night.jpg/240px-Pucallpa_Fair_by_night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pucallpa/Puka Allpa/May Ushin</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Avenida_Tacna_Pucallpa.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Pucallpa/Puka Allpa/May Ushin"><img alt="Pucallpa/Puka Allpa/May Ushin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Avenida_Tacna_Pucallpa.JPG/120px-Avenida_Tacna_Pucallpa.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Avenida_Tacna_Pucallpa.JPG/180px-Avenida_Tacna_Pucallpa.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Avenida_Tacna_Pucallpa.JPG/240px-Avenida_Tacna_Pucallpa.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pucallpa/Puka Allpa/May Ushin</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Plaza_de_Armas_Pucallpa.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Pucallpa/Puka Allpa/May Ushin"><img alt="Pucallpa/Puka Allpa/May Ushin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Plaza_de_Armas_Pucallpa.JPG/120px-Plaza_de_Armas_Pucallpa.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Plaza_de_Armas_Pucallpa.JPG/180px-Plaza_de_Armas_Pucallpa.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Plaza_de_Armas_Pucallpa.JPG/240px-Plaza_de_Armas_Pucallpa.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pucallpa/Puka Allpa/May Ushin</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Puerto_de_San_Francisco,_visto_a_Yarinacocha.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pucallpa/Puka Allpa/May Ushin"><img alt="Pucallpa/Puka Allpa/May Ushin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Puerto_de_San_Francisco%2C_visto_a_Yarinacocha.jpg/120px-Puerto_de_San_Francisco%2C_visto_a_Yarinacocha.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Puerto_de_San_Francisco%2C_visto_a_Yarinacocha.jpg/180px-Puerto_de_San_Francisco%2C_visto_a_Yarinacocha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Puerto_de_San_Francisco%2C_visto_a_Yarinacocha.jpg/240px-Puerto_de_San_Francisco%2C_visto_a_Yarinacocha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2543" data-file-height="1908" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pucallpa/Puka Allpa/May Ushin</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Abancay_montaje.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Abancay"><img alt="Abancay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Abancay_montaje.png/98px-Abancay_montaje.png" decoding="async" width="98" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Abancay_montaje.png/147px-Abancay_montaje.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Abancay_montaje.png/196px-Abancay_montaje.png 2x" data-file-width="3944" data-file-height="4824" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Abancay</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Chachapoyas.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chachapoyas"><img alt="Chachapoyas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Chachapoyas.jpg/120px-Chachapoyas.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Chachapoyas.jpg/180px-Chachapoyas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Chachapoyas.jpg/240px-Chachapoyas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="675" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chachapoyas</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:House_of_Toribio_Rodriguez.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chachapoyas"><img alt="Chachapoyas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/House_of_Toribio_Rodriguez.jpg/93px-House_of_Toribio_Rodriguez.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/House_of_Toribio_Rodriguez.jpg/140px-House_of_Toribio_Rodriguez.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/House_of_Toribio_Rodriguez.jpg/186px-House_of_Toribio_Rodriguez.jpg 2x" data-file-width="586" data-file-height="755" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chachapoyas</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Monumento_a_Toribio_Rodr%C3%ADguez_de_Mendoza.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chachapoyas"><img alt="Chachapoyas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Monumento_a_Toribio_Rodr%C3%ADguez_de_Mendoza.jpg/90px-Monumento_a_Toribio_Rodr%C3%ADguez_de_Mendoza.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Monumento_a_Toribio_Rodr%C3%ADguez_de_Mendoza.jpg/135px-Monumento_a_Toribio_Rodr%C3%ADguez_de_Mendoza.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Monumento_a_Toribio_Rodr%C3%ADguez_de_Mendoza.jpg/180px-Monumento_a_Toribio_Rodr%C3%ADguez_de_Mendoza.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chachapoyas</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Iglesia_Catedral_de_Chachapoyas.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chachapoyas"><img alt="Chachapoyas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Iglesia_Catedral_de_Chachapoyas.jpg/120px-Iglesia_Catedral_de_Chachapoyas.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Iglesia_Catedral_de_Chachapoyas.jpg/180px-Iglesia_Catedral_de_Chachapoyas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Iglesia_Catedral_de_Chachapoyas.jpg/240px-Iglesia_Catedral_de_Chachapoyas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chachapoyas</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Plaza_Independencia_de_Chachapoyas_al_capvespre.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chachapoyas"><img alt="Chachapoyas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Plaza_Independencia_de_Chachapoyas_al_capvespre.jpg/120px-Plaza_Independencia_de_Chachapoyas_al_capvespre.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Plaza_Independencia_de_Chachapoyas_al_capvespre.jpg/180px-Plaza_Independencia_de_Chachapoyas_al_capvespre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Plaza_Independencia_de_Chachapoyas_al_capvespre.jpg/240px-Plaza_Independencia_de_Chachapoyas_al_capvespre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3968" data-file-height="2976" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chachapoyas</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Parque_Bel%C3%A9n_de_Chachapoyas_des_de_l%27esgl%C3%A9sia_de_la_Buena_Muerte_amb_l%27esgl%C3%A9sia_de_Bel%C3%A9n_al_fons.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chachapoyas"><img alt="Chachapoyas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Parque_Bel%C3%A9n_de_Chachapoyas_des_de_l%27esgl%C3%A9sia_de_la_Buena_Muerte_amb_l%27esgl%C3%A9sia_de_Bel%C3%A9n_al_fons.jpg/120px-Parque_Bel%C3%A9n_de_Chachapoyas_des_de_l%27esgl%C3%A9sia_de_la_Buena_Muerte_amb_l%27esgl%C3%A9sia_de_Bel%C3%A9n_al_fons.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Parque_Bel%C3%A9n_de_Chachapoyas_des_de_l%27esgl%C3%A9sia_de_la_Buena_Muerte_amb_l%27esgl%C3%A9sia_de_Bel%C3%A9n_al_fons.jpg/180px-Parque_Bel%C3%A9n_de_Chachapoyas_des_de_l%27esgl%C3%A9sia_de_la_Buena_Muerte_amb_l%27esgl%C3%A9sia_de_Bel%C3%A9n_al_fons.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Parque_Bel%C3%A9n_de_Chachapoyas_des_de_l%27esgl%C3%A9sia_de_la_Buena_Muerte_amb_l%27esgl%C3%A9sia_de_Bel%C3%A9n_al_fons.jpg/240px-Parque_Bel%C3%A9n_de_Chachapoyas_des_de_l%27esgl%C3%A9sia_de_la_Buena_Muerte_amb_l%27esgl%C3%A9sia_de_Bel%C3%A9n_al_fons.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3968" data-file-height="2976" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chachapoyas</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Panor%C3%A1mica_de_Huancavelica.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Huancavelica"><img alt="Huancavelica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Panor%C3%A1mica_de_Huancavelica.jpg/120px-Panor%C3%A1mica_de_Huancavelica.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Panor%C3%A1mica_de_Huancavelica.jpg/180px-Panor%C3%A1mica_de_Huancavelica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Panor%C3%A1mica_de_Huancavelica.jpg/240px-Panor%C3%A1mica_de_Huancavelica.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Huancavelica</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Huancavelica,_calle_comercial_de_una_ciudad_minera_(mercurio)_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Huancavelica"><img alt="Huancavelica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Huancavelica%2C_calle_comercial_de_una_ciudad_minera_%28mercurio%29_-_panoramio.jpg/120px-Huancavelica%2C_calle_comercial_de_una_ciudad_minera_%28mercurio%29_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Huancavelica%2C_calle_comercial_de_una_ciudad_minera_%28mercurio%29_-_panoramio.jpg/180px-Huancavelica%2C_calle_comercial_de_una_ciudad_minera_%28mercurio%29_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Huancavelica%2C_calle_comercial_de_una_ciudad_minera_%28mercurio%29_-_panoramio.jpg/240px-Huancavelica%2C_calle_comercial_de_una_ciudad_minera_%28mercurio%29_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Huancavelica</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:385631298_1fb2e9365c_o.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Huancavelica"><img alt="Huancavelica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/385631298_1fb2e9365c_o.jpg/120px-385631298_1fb2e9365c_o.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/385631298_1fb2e9365c_o.jpg/180px-385631298_1fb2e9365c_o.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/385631298_1fb2e9365c_o.jpg/240px-385631298_1fb2e9365c_o.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Huancavelica</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Plaza_de_armas_de_Huancavelica.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Huancavelica"><img alt="Huancavelica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Plaza_de_armas_de_Huancavelica.jpg/120px-Plaza_de_armas_de_Huancavelica.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Plaza_de_armas_de_Huancavelica.jpg/180px-Plaza_de_armas_de_Huancavelica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Plaza_de_armas_de_Huancavelica.jpg/240px-Plaza_de_armas_de_Huancavelica.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Huancavelica</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Catedral_san_antonio_Huancavelica.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="Huancavelica"><img alt="Huancavelica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Catedral_san_antonio_Huancavelica.PNG/120px-Catedral_san_antonio_Huancavelica.PNG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Catedral_san_antonio_Huancavelica.PNG/180px-Catedral_san_antonio_Huancavelica.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Catedral_san_antonio_Huancavelica.PNG/240px-Catedral_san_antonio_Huancavelica.PNG 2x" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="287" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Huancavelica</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:385631294_6c7731c7c8.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Huancavelica"><img alt="Huancavelica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/385631294_6c7731c7c8.jpg/120px-385631294_6c7731c7c8.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/385631294_6c7731c7c8.jpg/180px-385631294_6c7731c7c8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/385631294_6c7731c7c8.jpg/240px-385631294_6c7731c7c8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Huancavelica</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Photo_montage_Tacna.png" class="mw-file-description" title="San Pedro de Tacna/Takana"><img alt="San Pedro de Tacna/Takana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Photo_montage_Tacna.png/58px-Photo_montage_Tacna.png" decoding="async" width="58" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Photo_montage_Tacna.png/87px-Photo_montage_Tacna.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Photo_montage_Tacna.png/115px-Photo_montage_Tacna.png 2x" data-file-width="3083" data-file-height="6392" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">San Pedro de Tacna/Takana</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Plaza_Daniel_Alcides_Carri%C3%B3n_monumento.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cerro de Pasco"><img alt="Cerro de Pasco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Plaza_Daniel_Alcides_Carri%C3%B3n_monumento.jpg/90px-Plaza_Daniel_Alcides_Carri%C3%B3n_monumento.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Plaza_Daniel_Alcides_Carri%C3%B3n_monumento.jpg/135px-Plaza_Daniel_Alcides_Carri%C3%B3n_monumento.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Plaza_Daniel_Alcides_Carri%C3%B3n_monumento.jpg/180px-Plaza_Daniel_Alcides_Carri%C3%B3n_monumento.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3096" data-file-height="4128" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cerro de Pasco</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Mina_cerro_pasco.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cerro de Pasco"><img alt="Cerro de Pasco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Mina_cerro_pasco.jpg/103px-Mina_cerro_pasco.jpg" decoding="async" width="103" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Mina_cerro_pasco.jpg/154px-Mina_cerro_pasco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Mina_cerro_pasco.jpg/206px-Mina_cerro_pasco.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1960" data-file-height="2288" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cerro de Pasco</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:La_Laguna_patarcocha_en_cerro_de_Pasco.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cerro de Pasco"><img alt="Cerro de Pasco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/La_Laguna_patarcocha_en_cerro_de_Pasco.jpg/120px-La_Laguna_patarcocha_en_cerro_de_Pasco.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/La_Laguna_patarcocha_en_cerro_de_Pasco.jpg/180px-La_Laguna_patarcocha_en_cerro_de_Pasco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/La_Laguna_patarcocha_en_cerro_de_Pasco.jpg/240px-La_Laguna_patarcocha_en_cerro_de_Pasco.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="3096" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cerro de Pasco</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Estadio_Daniel_Alcides_Carri%C3%B3n_de_Cerro_de_Pasco.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cerro de Pasco"><img alt="Cerro de Pasco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Estadio_Daniel_Alcides_Carri%C3%B3n_de_Cerro_de_Pasco.jpg/120px-Estadio_Daniel_Alcides_Carri%C3%B3n_de_Cerro_de_Pasco.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Estadio_Daniel_Alcides_Carri%C3%B3n_de_Cerro_de_Pasco.jpg/180px-Estadio_Daniel_Alcides_Carri%C3%B3n_de_Cerro_de_Pasco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Estadio_Daniel_Alcides_Carri%C3%B3n_de_Cerro_de_Pasco.jpg/240px-Estadio_Daniel_Alcides_Carri%C3%B3n_de_Cerro_de_Pasco.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="706" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cerro de Pasco</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Mozaico_Tumbes.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tumbes"><img alt="Tumbes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Mozaico_Tumbes.jpg/85px-Mozaico_Tumbes.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Mozaico_Tumbes.jpg/127px-Mozaico_Tumbes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Mozaico_Tumbes.jpg/169px-Mozaico_Tumbes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4959" data-file-height="7016" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tumbes</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Ciudad_de_Moquegua_-_Plaza_de_armas.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Moquegua"><img alt="Moquegua" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Ciudad_de_Moquegua_-_Plaza_de_armas.jpg/90px-Ciudad_de_Moquegua_-_Plaza_de_armas.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Ciudad_de_Moquegua_-_Plaza_de_armas.jpg/135px-Ciudad_de_Moquegua_-_Plaza_de_armas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Ciudad_de_Moquegua_-_Plaza_de_armas.jpg/180px-Ciudad_de_Moquegua_-_Plaza_de_armas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Moquegua</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Ciudad_de_Moquegua_-_Antiguo_Local_Policial.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Moquegua"><img alt="Moquegua" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Ciudad_de_Moquegua_-_Antiguo_Local_Policial.jpg/120px-Ciudad_de_Moquegua_-_Antiguo_Local_Policial.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Ciudad_de_Moquegua_-_Antiguo_Local_Policial.jpg/180px-Ciudad_de_Moquegua_-_Antiguo_Local_Policial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Ciudad_de_Moquegua_-_Antiguo_Local_Policial.jpg/240px-Ciudad_de_Moquegua_-_Antiguo_Local_Policial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Moquegua</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:View_of_Moquegua_Peru_2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Moquegua"><img alt="Moquegua" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/View_of_Moquegua_Peru_2005.jpg/120px-View_of_Moquegua_Peru_2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/View_of_Moquegua_Peru_2005.jpg/180px-View_of_Moquegua_Peru_2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/View_of_Moquegua_Peru_2005.jpg/240px-View_of_Moquegua_Peru_2005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Moquegua</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Co-Catedral_Santo_Domingo_de_la_Ciudad_de_Moquegua.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Moquegua"><img alt="Moquegua" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Co-Catedral_Santo_Domingo_de_la_Ciudad_de_Moquegua.jpg/90px-Co-Catedral_Santo_Domingo_de_la_Ciudad_de_Moquegua.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Co-Catedral_Santo_Domingo_de_la_Ciudad_de_Moquegua.jpg/135px-Co-Catedral_Santo_Domingo_de_la_Ciudad_de_Moquegua.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Co-Catedral_Santo_Domingo_de_la_Ciudad_de_Moquegua.jpg/180px-Co-Catedral_Santo_Domingo_de_la_Ciudad_de_Moquegua.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Moquegua</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Ciudad_de_Moquegua_-_Entrada_Museo_Contisuyo_y_Iglesia_Matriz.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Moquegua"><img alt="Moquegua" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Ciudad_de_Moquegua_-_Entrada_Museo_Contisuyo_y_Iglesia_Matriz.jpg/90px-Ciudad_de_Moquegua_-_Entrada_Museo_Contisuyo_y_Iglesia_Matriz.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Ciudad_de_Moquegua_-_Entrada_Museo_Contisuyo_y_Iglesia_Matriz.jpg/135px-Ciudad_de_Moquegua_-_Entrada_Museo_Contisuyo_y_Iglesia_Matriz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Ciudad_de_Moquegua_-_Entrada_Museo_Contisuyo_y_Iglesia_Matriz.jpg/180px-Ciudad_de_Moquegua_-_Entrada_Museo_Contisuyo_y_Iglesia_Matriz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Moquegua</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Collage_P.Maldonado.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Puerto Maldonado"><img alt="Puerto Maldonado" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Collage_P.Maldonado.png/120px-Collage_P.Maldonado.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Collage_P.Maldonado.png/180px-Collage_P.Maldonado.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Collage_P.Maldonado.png/240px-Collage_P.Maldonado.png 2x" data-file-width="1248" data-file-height="966" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Puerto Maldonado</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Plazazarumilla.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Zarumilla"><img alt="Zarumilla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Plazazarumilla.JPG/120px-Plazazarumilla.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Plazazarumilla.JPG/180px-Plazazarumilla.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Plazazarumilla.JPG/240px-Plazazarumilla.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Zarumilla</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Ollantaytambo_-_Heiliges_Tal.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ollantaytambo/Ullantaytampu"><img alt="Ollantaytambo/Ullantaytampu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Ollantaytambo_-_Heiliges_Tal.jpg/120px-Ollantaytambo_-_Heiliges_Tal.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Ollantaytambo_-_Heiliges_Tal.jpg/180px-Ollantaytambo_-_Heiliges_Tal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Ollantaytambo_-_Heiliges_Tal.jpg/240px-Ollantaytambo_-_Heiliges_Tal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2340" data-file-height="1755" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ollantaytambo/Ullantaytampu</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Town_of_Ollantaytambo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ollantaytambo/Ullantaytampu"><img alt="Ollantaytambo/Ullantaytampu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Town_of_Ollantaytambo.jpg/120px-Town_of_Ollantaytambo.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Town_of_Ollantaytambo.jpg/180px-Town_of_Ollantaytambo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Town_of_Ollantaytambo.jpg/240px-Town_of_Ollantaytambo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ollantaytambo/Ullantaytampu</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenzi">Referenzi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&veaction=edit&section=48" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Referenzi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section's source code: Referenzi"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r272200">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-imf2-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-imf2_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-imf2_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-imf2_1-2"><sup><i><b>ċ</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-imf2_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Monetary_Fund" class="citation web cs1">International Monetary Fund (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2013/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2011&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=52&pr1.y=3&c=273%2C228%2C233%2C293%2C238&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=">"Peru"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fexternal%2Fpubs%2Fft%2Fweo%2F2013%2F01%2Fweodata%2Fweorept.aspx%3Fsy%3D2011%26ey%3D2018%26scsm%3D1%26ssd%3D1%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1%26pr1.x%3D52%26pr1.y%3D3%26c%3D273%252C228%252C233%252C293%252C238%26s%3DNGDPD%252CNGDPDPC%252CPPPGDP%252CPPPPC%26grp%3D0%26a%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmt.wikipedia.org%3APer%C3%B9" class="Z3988"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r256707">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HDI-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HDI_2-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNazzjonijiet_Uniti" class="citation web cs1">Nazzjonijiet Uniti, ed. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Table1.pdf">"Rapport tal-Iżvilupp Uman 2010"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rapport+tal-I%C5%BCvilupp+Uman+2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fen%2Fmedia%2FHDR_2010_EN_Table1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmt.wikipedia.org%3APer%C3%B9" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r256707"></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ħoloq_esterni"><span id=".C4.A6oloq_esterni"></span>Ħoloq esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&veaction=edit&section=49" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Ħoloq esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%B9&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section's source code: Ħoloq esterni"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="metadata mbox-small plainlinks" style="border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#f9f9f9;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> għandha fajls multimedjali li għandhom x'jaqsmu ma': <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Peru" class="extiw" title="commons:Peru"> Perù </a></b></i> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <table class="navbox noprint collapsible nowraplinks" style="border-top: solid silver 1px; border-bottom:1px solid silver; margin:auto; background:white;background:white;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="3" style="text-align:center;width:100%;"><div style="float:left; width:6em; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks navbar" style="background:none; padding:0; font-weight:normal;;border:none;; font-size:xx-small;"><a href="/wiki/Mudell:Amerika_t%27Isfel" title="Mudell:Amerika t'Isfel"><span title="Ara dan il-mudell" style=";border:none;">a</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskussjoni_mudell:Amerika_t%27Isfel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diskussjoni mudell:Amerika t'Isfel (il-paġna ma teżistix)"><span title="Diskussjoni fuq dan il-mudell" style=";border:none;">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mudell:Amerika_t%27Isfel&action=edit"><span title="Immodifika dan il-mudell" style=";border:none;;">m</span></a></div></div><span class="" style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Pajji%C5%BCi_tad-dinja" title="Pajjiżi tad-dinja">Pajjiżi</a> fl-<a href="/wiki/L-Amerika_t%27Isfel" title="L-Amerika t'Isfel">Amerika t'Isfel</a></span></th> </tr><tr><th class="" style="white-space:nowrap;background:#ddddff;text-align:right;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stat_sovran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stat sovran (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Stati sovrani</a></th><td colspan="1" class="hlist" style="text-align:left;width:100%;font-size:95%;"> <a href="/wiki/Ar%C4%A1entina" title="Arġentina">Arġentina</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Bolivja" title="Bolivja">Bolivja</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Bra%C5%BCil" title="Brażil">Brażil</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Aili" title="Ċili">Ċili</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Ekwador" title="Ekwador">Ekwador</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gujana" title="Gujana">Gujana</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Kolombja" title="Kolombja">Kolombja</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Paragwaj" title="Paragwaj">Paragwaj</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Perù</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam">Surinam</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_u_Tobago" title="Trinidad u Tobago">Trinidad u Tobago</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Urugwaj" title="Urugwaj">Urugwaj</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Vene%C5%BCwela" title="Veneżwela">Veneżwela</a></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; padding-left:7px; width:0%;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L-Amerika_t%27Isfel" title="L-Amerika t'Isfel"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/South_America.svg/35px-South_America.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/South_America.svg/53px-South_America.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/South_America.svg/70px-South_America.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="454" data-file-height="608" /></a></span></td> </tr><tr><th class="" style="white-space:nowrap;background:#ddddff;text-align:right;">Dipendenzi u<br />territorji oħrajn</th><td colspan="1" class="hlist" style="text-align:left;width:100%;font-size:95%;background:#f7f7f7;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aruba (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Aruba</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bonaire (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Bonaire</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/G%C5%BCejjer_Falkland" title="Gżejjer Falkland">Gżejjer Falkland</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gujana_Fran%C4%8Bi%C5%BCa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gujana Franċiża (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Gujana Franċiża</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0eor%C4%A1ja_tan-Nofsinhar_u_l-G%C5%BCejjer_Sandwich_tan-Nofsinhar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ġeorġja tan-Nofsinhar u l-Gżejjer Sandwich tan-Nofsinhar (il-paġna ma teżistix)"><span style="white-space:normal;">Ġeorġja tan-Nofsinhar u l-Gżejjer Sandwich tan-Nofsinhar</span></a></td> </tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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