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Хром — Википедија
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height: 1.4375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Слободна енциклопедија" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-mk.svg" width="114" height="11" style="width: 7.125em; height: 0.6875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%98" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Пребарај низ Википедија [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Пребарај</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Пребарајте по Википедија" aria-label="Пребарајте по Википедија" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Пребарај низ Википедија [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Специјална:Барај"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Пребарај</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Лични алатки"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Изглед"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Сменете ги големината на фонтот, ширината и бојата" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Изглед" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Изглед</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_mk.wikipedia.org&uselang=mk" class=""><span>Дарување</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&returnto=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Ви препорачуваме да направите сметка и да се најавите, иако тоа не е задолжително" class=""><span>Направи сметка</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5&returnto=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Ви препорачуваме да се најавите, иако тоа не е задолжително. 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href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8\" title=\"Википедија:Уредувачки натпревари\"\u003Eуредувачки натпревар\u003C/a\u003E за \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5_(2024)\" title=\"Википедија:Уредувачки натпревари/Средување (2024)\"\u003Eсредување на статии\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E. Прочитајте ги правилата и вклучете се!\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Мрежно место"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Содржина" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Содржина</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">премести во страничникот</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">скриј</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Почеток</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Физички_својства" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Физички_својства"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Физички својства</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Физички_својства-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Префрли на пододделот Физички својства</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Физички_својства-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Атомски" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Атомски"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Атомски</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Атомски-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Целовитост" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Целовитост"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Целовитост</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Целовитост-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Пасивација" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Пасивација"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Пасивација</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Пасивација-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Изотопи" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Изотопи"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Изотопи</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Изотопи-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Хемија_и_соединенија" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Хемија_и_соединенија"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Хемија и соединенија</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Хемија_и_соединенија-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Префрли на пододделот Хемија и соединенија</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Хемија_и_соединенија-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Хемиски_својства" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Хемиски_својства"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Хемиски својства</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Хемиски_својства-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Хром_(III)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Хром_(III)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Хром (III)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Хром_(III)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Хром_(VI)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Хром_(VI)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Хром (VI)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Хром_(VI)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Други_состојби_на_оксидација" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Други_состојби_на_оксидација"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Други состојби на оксидација</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Други_состојби_на_оксидација-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Хром_(V)_и_хром_(IV)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Хром_(V)_и_хром_(IV)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Хром (V) и хром (IV)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Хром_(V)_и_хром_(IV)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Хром_(II)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Хром_(II)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Хром (II)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Хром_(II)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Хром_(I)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Хром_(I)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>Хром (I)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Хром_(I)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Хром_(0)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Хром_(0)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.4</span> <span>Хром (0)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Хром_(0)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Појава" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Појава"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Појава</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Појава-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Историја" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Историја"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Историја</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Историја-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Префрли на пододделот Историја</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Историја-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Употреба_во_антиката" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Употреба_во_антиката"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Употреба во антиката</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Употреба_во_антиката-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Керамички_војни_оружја" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Керамички_војни_оружја"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Керамички војни оружја</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Керамички_војни_оружја-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Хромот_како_пигмент" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Хромот_како_пигмент"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Хромот како пигмент</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Хромот_како_пигмент-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Производство" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Производство"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Производство</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Производство-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Апликации" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Апликации"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Апликации</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Апликации-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Префрли на пододделот Апликации</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Апликации-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Металургија" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Металургија"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Металургија</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Металургија-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Боја_и_пигмент" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Боја_и_пигмент"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Боја и пигмент</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Боја_и_пигмент-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Синтетички_рубин_и_првиот_ласер" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Синтетички_рубин_и_првиот_ласер"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.1</span> <span>Синтетички рубин и првиот ласер</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Синтетички_рубин_и_првиот_ласер-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Конзерванси_за_дрво" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Конзерванси_за_дрво"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Конзерванси за дрво</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Конзерванси_за_дрво-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Тен" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Тен"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Тен</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Тен-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Огноотпорен_материјал" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Огноотпорен_материјал"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Огноотпорен материјал</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Огноотпорен_материјал-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Катализатори" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Катализатори"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Катализатори</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Катализатори-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Други_намени" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Други_намени"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7</span> <span>Други намени</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Други_намени-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Биолошка_улога" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Биолошка_улога"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Биолошка улога</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Биолошка_улога-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Префрли на пододделот Биолошка улога</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Биолошка_улога-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Диетски_препораки" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Диетски_препораки"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Диетски препораки</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Диетски_препораки-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Извори_на_храна" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Извори_на_храна"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Извори на храна</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Извори_на_храна-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Земање_како_додаток" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Земање_како_додаток"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Земање како додаток</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Земање_како_додаток-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Одобрени_и_неодобрени_здравствени_барања" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Одобрени_и_неодобрени_здравствени_барања"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3.1</span> <span>Одобрени и неодобрени здравствени барања</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Одобрени_и_неодобрени_здравствени_барања-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Дијабетис" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Дијабетис"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3.2</span> <span>Дијабетис</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Дијабетис-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Справување_со_тежината" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Справување_со_тежината"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3.3</span> <span>Справување со тежината</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Справување_со_тежината-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Атлетски_перформанси" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Атлетски_перформанси"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3.4</span> <span>Атлетски перформанси</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Атлетски_перформанси-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Слатководни_риби" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Слатководни_риби"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Слатководни риби</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Слатководни_риби-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Заштитни_мерки" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Заштитни_мерки"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Заштитни мерки</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Заштитни_мерки-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Префрли на пододделот Заштитни мерки</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Заштитни_мерки-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Токсичност_на_хром_(VI)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Токсичност_на_хром_(VI)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Токсичност на хром (VI)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Токсичност_на_хром_(VI)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Проблеми_во_животната_средина" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Проблеми_во_животната_средина"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Проблеми во животната средина</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Проблеми_во_животната_средина-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Наводи" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Наводи"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Наводи</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Наводи-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Содржина" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Прик./скр. содржина" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Прик./скр. содржина</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Хром</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Појдете на статија на друг јазик. Достапно на 155 јазици" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-155" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">155 јазици</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chroom" title="Chroom — африканс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Chroom" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африканс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%AE%E1%88%9A%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%9D" title="ክሮሚየም — амхарски" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ክሮሚየም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="амхарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="избрана статија"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85" title="كروم — арапски" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كروم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арапски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cromo" title="Cromo — арагонски" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cromo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hromu" title="Hromu — влашки" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Hromu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="влашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cromu_(elementu)" title="Cromu (elementu) — астурски" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cromu (elementu)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="क्रोमियम — авади" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="क्रोमियम" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="авади" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xrom" title="Xrom — азербејџански" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xrom" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербејџански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kromium" title="Kromium — балиски" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kromium" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="балиски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="ক্রোমিয়াম — бенгалски" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ক্রোমিয়াম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium — јужномински" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chromium" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="јужномински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Хром — белоруски" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хром" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белоруски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Хром — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Хром" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="क्रोमियम — Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="क्रोमियम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kromyo" title="Kromyo — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kromyo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Хром — бугарски" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хром" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="бугарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BE%95%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="ཀོ་ལྕགས། — тибетски" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཀོ་ལྕགས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="тибетски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hrom" title="Hrom — босански" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hrom" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krom" title="Krom — бретонски" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Krom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crom" title="Crom — каталонски" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Crom" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Хром — чувашки" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хром" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чувашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kromyo" title="Kromyo — себуански" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kromyo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="себуански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrom" title="Chrom — чешки" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chrom" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cromu" title="Cromu — корзикански" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Cromu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="корзикански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cromiwm" title="Cromiwm — велшки" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cromiwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="велшки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krom" title="Krom — дански" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Krom" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="дански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85" title="كروم — марокански арапски" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="كروم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="марокански арапски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrom" title="Chrom — германски" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chrom" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="германски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%86%DE%B0%DE%83%DE%AF%DE%89%DE%A8%DE%87%DE%A6%DE%89%DE%B0" title="ކްރޯމިއަމް — дивехи" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ކްރޯމިއަމް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="дивехи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroom" title="Kroom — естонски" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kroom" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="естонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CF%81%CF%8E%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Χρώμιο — грчки" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χρώμιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грчки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="добра статија"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium — англиски" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Chromium" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="англиски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Хром — ерзјански" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Хром" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="ерзјански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cromo" title="Cromo — шпански" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cromo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="шпански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kromio" title="Kromio — есперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kromio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="есперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="избрана статија"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kromo" title="Kromo — баскиски" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kromo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскиски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85" title="کروم — персиски" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کروم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персиски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium — фиџиски хинди" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Chromium" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="фиџиски хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krom" title="Krom — фарски" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Krom" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="фарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrome" title="Chrome — француски" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chrome" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="француски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crom" title="Crom — фурлански" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Crom" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="фурлански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%B3imiam" title="Cróimiam — ирски" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cróimiam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cromium" title="Cromium — манкс" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Cromium" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="манкс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%B2mium" title="Cròmium — шкотски гелски" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Cròmium" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="шкотски гелски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cromo" title="Cromo — галициски" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cromo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галициски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A3%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%81" title="વર્ણાતુ — гуџарати" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="વર્ણાતુ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="гуџарати" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium — хака" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chromium" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="хака" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Хром — калмички" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Хром" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="калмички" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%81%AC%EB%A1%9C%EB%AE%B4" title="크로뮴 — корејски" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="크로뮴" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корејски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B4" title="Քրոմ — ерменски" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քրոմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ерменски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="क्रोमियम — хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="क्रोमियम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrom" title="Chrom — горнолужички" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Chrom" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="горнолужички" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krom" title="Krom — хрватски" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Krom" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хрватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kromo" title="Kromo — идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kromo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kromium" title="Kromium — индонезиски" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kromium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезиски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromo" title="Chromo — интерлингва" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Chromo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Хром — осетски" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Хром" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="осетски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmChiyangqwala" title="UmChiyangqwala — зулу" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UmChiyangqwala" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="зулу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%B3m" title="Króm — исландски" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Króm" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cromo" title="Cromo — италијански" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cromo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="италијански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9D" title="כרום — хебрејски" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כרום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="хебрејски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kromiyum" title="Kromiyum — јавански" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kromiyum" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="јавански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurom" title="Kurom — Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kurom" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕ್ರೋಮಿಯಮ್ — каннада" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕ್ರೋಮಿಯಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннада" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ქრომი — грузиски" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ქრომი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузиски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Хром — казашки" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Хром" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kromiom" title="Kromiom — корнски" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Kromiom" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="корнски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromi" title="Chromi — свахили" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Chromi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="свахили" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Хром — коми" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Хром" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="коми" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vogel" title="Vogel — котава" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Vogel" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="котава" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kw%C3%B2m" title="Kwòm — хаитски" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kwòm" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="хаитски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krom" title="Krom — курдски" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Krom" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="курдски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Хром — киргиски" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Хром" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="киргиски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Хром — западномариски" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Хром" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="западномариски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crom" title="Crom — Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Crom" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%A1" title="ໂຄຣມຽມ — лаошки" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ໂຄຣມຽມ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="лаошки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium — латински" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Chromium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hroms" title="Hroms — латвиски" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hroms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латвиски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrom" title="Chrom — луксембуршки" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Chrom" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="луксембуршки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromas" title="Chromas — литвански" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Chromas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литвански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crommo" title="Crommo — лигурски" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Crommo" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="лигурски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chroeam" title="Chroeam — лимбуршки" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Chroeam" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лимбуршки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hrom" title="Hrom — Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Hrom" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/rogjinme" title="rogjinme — ложбан" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="rogjinme" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="ложбан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolomiyaamu(Chromium)" title="Kolomiyaamu(Chromium) — ганда" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Kolomiyaamu(Chromium)" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ганда" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%B3m" title="Cróm — ломбардиски" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cróm" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="ломбардиски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%B3m" title="Króm — унгарски" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Króm" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="унгарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%B4ma" title="Krôma — малгашки" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Krôma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малгашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ക്രോമിയം — малајалски" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ക്രോമിയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малајалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konukita" title="Konukita — маорски" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Konukita" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="маорски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" title="वर्णातु — марати" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वर्णातु" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="марати" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85" title="كروم — египетски арапски" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كروم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="египетски арапски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kromium" title="Kromium — малајски" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kromium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малајски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kromium" title="Kromium — минангкабау" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Kromium" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="минангкабау" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A1uk_(g%C4%ADng-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%86k)" title="Gáuk (gĭng-sṳ̆k) — Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gáuk (gĭng-sṳ̆k)" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Хрома — мокшански" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Хрома" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="мокшански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Хром — монголски" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хром" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="монголски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%99%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="ခရိုမီယမ် — бурмански" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ခရိုမီယမ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бурмански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlap%C4%81ltepoztli" title="Tlapāltepoztli — Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Tlapāltepoztli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chroom_(element)" title="Chroom (element) — холандски" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Chroom (element)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="холандски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="क्रोमियम — неварски" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="क्रोमियम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="неварски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AD%E3%83%A0" title="クロム — јапонски" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クロム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="јапонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroom_(element)" title="Kroom (element) — севернофризиски" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kroom (element)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="севернофризиски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krom" title="Krom — норвешки букмол" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Krom" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвешки букмол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krom" title="Krom — норвешки нинорск" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Krom" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="норвешки нинорск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%B2me" title="Cròme — окситански" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cròme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BF%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%AE" title="କ୍ରୋମିୟମ — одија" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କ୍ରୋମିୟମ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="одија" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xrom_(kimyoviy_element)" title="Xrom (kimyoviy element) — узбечки" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xrom (kimyoviy element)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбечки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE" title="ਕਰੋਮੀਅਮ — пенџапски" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਰੋਮੀਅਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="пенџапски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="क्रोमियम — пали" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="क्रोमियम" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="пали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%85" title="کرومیئم — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کرومیئم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%99%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="ခရိုမီယမ် — Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ခရိုမီယမ်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%85" title="کروميم — паштунски" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کروميم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="паштунски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%B2m" title="Cròm — пиемонтски" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Cròm" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="пиемонтски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrom" title="Chrom — долногермански" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Chrom" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="долногермански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrom" title="Chrom — полски" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chrom" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="полски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cromo" title="Cromo — португалски" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cromo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crom" title="Crom — романски" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Crom" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="романски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurumu" title="Kurumu — кечуански" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kurumu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Хром — руски" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хром" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="руски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="क्रोमियम — санскрит" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="क्रोमियम" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="санскрит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cromu" title="Cromu — сардински" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Cromu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="сардински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium — шкотски германски" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Chromium" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шкотски германски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrom" title="Chrom — затерландски фризиски" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Chrom" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="затерландски фризиски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kromi" title="Kromi — албански" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kromi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cromu" title="Cromu — сицилијански" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cromu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="сицилијански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chromium" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chr%C3%B3m" title="Chróm — словачки" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Chróm" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словачки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krom" title="Krom — словенечки" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Krom" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенечки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koroomiyaam" title="Koroomiyaam — сомалиски" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Koroomiyaam" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="сомалиски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%86%D9%85" title="کرۆم — централнокурдски" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کرۆم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="централнокурдски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Хром — српски" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хром" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="српски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hrom" title="Hrom — српскохрватски" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hrom" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="српскохрватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kromium" title="Kromium — сундски" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kromium" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сундски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kromi" title="Kromi — фински" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kromi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krom" title="Krom — шведски" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Krom" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kromo" title="Kromo — тагалог" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kromo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="тагалог" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="குரோமியம் — тамилски" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குரோமியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамилски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Хром — татарски" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Хром" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="క్రోమియం — телугу" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="క్రోమియం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="телугу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="โครเมียม — тајландски" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โครเมียม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тајландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Хром — таџикистански" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Хром" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="таџикистански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krom" title="Krom — турски" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Krom" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Хром — украински" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хром" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%85" title="کرومیئم — урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کرومیئم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85" title="خروم — ујгурски" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="خروم" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ујгурски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hrom" title="Hrom — вепшки" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Hrom" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="вепшки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromi" title="Chromi — виетнамски" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chromi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="виетнамски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%89%BB" title="鉻 — книжевен кинески" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="鉻" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="книжевен кинески" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cromo" title="Cromo — варајски" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Cromo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варајски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%AC" title="铬 — ву" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="铬" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ву" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9D" title="כראם — јидиш" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="כראם" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="јидиш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%B3m%C3%AD%E1%BB%8D%CC%80m%C3%B9" title="Krómíọ̀mù — јорупски" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Krómíọ̀mù" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="јорупски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%89%BB" title="鉻 — кантонски" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鉻" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%AC" title="铬 — кинески" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="铬" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="кинески" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q725#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Уредување на меѓујазични врски" class="wbc-editpage">Уреди врски</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Именски простори"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Преглед на содржинската страница [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Страница</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80:%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" rel="discussion" title="Разговор за 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aria-label="Посети"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC"><span>Читај</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&veaction=edit" title="Уредете ја страницава [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Уреди</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=edit" title="Уредување на изворниот код на страницава [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Уреди извор</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=history" title="Претходни верзии на оваа страница. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Историја</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Алатки за страници"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="алатник" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">алатник</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Алатки</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">премести во страничникот</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">скриј</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Повеќе можности" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Дејства </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC"><span>Читај</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&veaction=edit" title="Уредете ја страницава [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Уреди</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=edit" title="Уредување на изворниот код на страницава [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Уреди извор</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=history"><span>Историја</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Општо </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%9E%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B5/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Список на сите викистраници што водат овде [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Што води овде</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" rel="nofollow" title="Скорешни промени на страници со врски на оваа страница [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Поврзани промени</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Список на сите службени страници [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Службени страници</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&oldid=5290547" title="Постојана врска до оваа преработка на страницата"><span>Постојана врска</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=info" title="Повеќе информации за страницата"><span>Информации за страницата</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4&page=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&id=5290547&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Информации како да ја наведете оваа страница"><span>Наведи ја страницава</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%9D%D0%B0URL&url=https%3A%2F%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%25A5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BC"><span>Дај скратена URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%25A5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BC"><span>Преземи QR-код</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Печати/извези </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC"><span>Создај книга</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=show-download-screen"><span>Преземи како PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&printable=yes" title="Верзија за печатење на оваа страница [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Верзија за печатење</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> На други проекти </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Chromium" hreflang="en"><span>Ризница</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q725" title="Врска до поврзаниот предмет во складиштето за податоци [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Предмет на Википодатоци</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Алатки за страници"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Изглед"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Изглед</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">премести во страничникот</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">скриј</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Од Википедија — слободната енциклопедија</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="mk" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><caption>Хром  (<sub><span style="font-size:smaller;">24</span></sub>Cr)</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Chromium_crystals_and_1cm3_cube.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Chromium_crystals_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/220px-Chromium_crystals_and_1cm3_cube.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Chromium_crystals_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/330px-Chromium_crystals_and_1cm3_cube.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Chromium_crystals_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/440px-Chromium_crystals_and_1cm3_cube.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5279" data-file-height="3153" /></a></span><div>Хромиови кристали</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0">Општи својства</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;">Име и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Хемиски симбол">симбол</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">хром (Cr)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;">Изглед</th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">металик сребрена</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0">Хромот во <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Периоден систем">периодниот систем</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1.35em;"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%; margin:0; border-width:1px; background:#f8f8f8;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:0 auto; background:transparent; border:none;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none; width:10px"> <table class="nogrid" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" style="background-color:transparent; text-align: center; empty-cells: show; border:none"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#e7ff8f;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Водород (двоатомски неметал)"><img alt="Водород (двоатомски неметал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td colspan="30" style="border:none"> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#c0ffff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Хелиум (благороден гас)"><img alt="Хелиум (благороден гас)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ff6666;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Литиум (алкален метал)"><img alt="Литиум (алкален метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffdead;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Берилиум (земноалкален метал)"><img alt="Берилиум (земноалкален метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none"> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#cccc99;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Бор (металоид)"><img alt="Бор (металоид)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#a1ffc3;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Јаглерод (повеќеатомски неметал)"><img alt="Јаглерод (повеќеатомски неметал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#e7ff8f;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Азот (двоатомски неметал)"><img alt="Азот (двоатомски неметал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#e7ff8f;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Кислород (двоатомски неметал)"><img alt="Кислород (двоатомски неметал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#e7ff8f;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Флуор (двоатомски неметал)"><img alt="Флуор (двоатомски неметал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#c0ffff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Неон (благороден гас)"><img alt="Неон (благороден гас)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ff6666;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Натриум (алкален метал)"><img alt="Натриум (алкален метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffdead;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Магнезиум (земноалкален метал)"><img alt="Магнезиум (земноалкален метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none"> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#cccccc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Алуминиум (слаб метал)"><img alt="Алуминиум (слаб метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#cccc99;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Силициум (металоид)"><img alt="Силициум (металоид)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#a1ffc3;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Фосфор (повеќеатомски неметал)"><img alt="Фосфор (повеќеатомски неметал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#a1ffc3;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%84%D1%83%D1%80" title="Сулфур (повеќеатомски неметал)"><img alt="Сулфур (повеќеатомски неметал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#e7ff8f;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Хлор (двоатомски неметал)"><img alt="Хлор (двоатомски неметал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#c0ffff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Аргон (благороден гас)"><img alt="Аргон (благороден гас)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ff6666;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Калиум (алкален метал)"><img alt="Калиум (алкален метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffdead;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Калциум (земноалкален метал)"><img alt="Калциум (земноалкален метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none"> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Скандиум (преоден метал)"><img alt="Скандиум (преоден метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Титан (преоден метал)"><img alt="Титан (преоден метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Ванадиум (преоден метал)"><img alt="Ванадиум (преоден метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0; border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Хром (преоден метал)"><img alt="Хром (преоден метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Манган (преоден метал)"><img alt="Манган (преоден метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE" title="Железо (преоден метал)"><img alt="Железо (преоден метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Кобалт (преоден метал)"><img alt="Кобалт (преоден метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Никел (преоден метал)"><img alt="Никел (преоден метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Бакар (преоден метал)"><img alt="Бакар (преоден метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Цинк (преоден метал)"><img alt="Цинк (преоден метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#cccccc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Галиум (слаб метал)"><img alt="Галиум (слаб метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#cccc99;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Германиум (металоид)"><img alt="Германиум (металоид)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#cccc99;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Арсен (металоид)"><img alt="Арсен (металоид)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#a1ffc3;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Селен (повеќеатомски неметал)"><img alt="Селен (повеќеатомски неметал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#e7ff8f;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Бром (двоатомски неметал)"><img alt="Бром (двоатомски неметал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#c0ffff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Криптон (благороден гас)"><img alt="Криптон (благороден гас)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ff6666;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Рубидиум (алкален метал)"><img alt="Рубидиум (алкален метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffdead;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Стронциум (земноалкален метал)"><img alt="Стронциум (земноалкален метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none; width:0;"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="border:none"> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Итриум (преоден метал)"><img alt="Итриум (преоден метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Циркониум (преоден метал)"><img alt="Циркониум (преоден метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Ниобиум (преоден метал)"><img alt="Ниобиум (преоден метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Молибден (преоден метал)"><img alt="Молибден (преоден метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Технециум (преоден метал)"><img alt="Технециум (преоден метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Рутениум (преоден метал)"><img alt="Рутениум (преоден метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Родиум (преоден метал)"><img alt="Родиум (преоден метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Паладиум (преоден метал)"><img alt="Паладиум (преоден метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Сребро (преоден метал)"><img alt="Сребро (преоден метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Кадмиум (преоден метал)"><img alt="Кадмиум (преоден метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#cccccc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Индиум (слаб метал)"><img alt="Индиум (слаб метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#cccccc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%98" title="Калај (слаб метал)"><img alt="Калај (слаб метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#cccc99;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Антимон (металоид)"><img alt="Антимон (металоид)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#cccc99;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%80" title="Телур (металоид)"><img alt="Телур (металоид)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#e7ff8f;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Јод (двоатомски неметал)"><img alt="Јод (двоатомски неметал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#c0ffff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ксенон (благороден гас)"><img alt="Ксенон (благороден гас)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td></tr> <tr style="border:none"> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ff6666;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Цезиум (алкален метал)"><img alt="Цезиум (алкален метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffdead;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Бариум (земноалкален метал)"><img alt="Бариум (земноалкален метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Лантан (лантаноид)"><img alt="Лантан (лантаноид)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Цериум (лантаноид)"><img alt="Цериум (лантаноид)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Празеодиум (лантаноид)"><img alt="Празеодиум (лантаноид)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Неодиум (лантаноид)"><img alt="Неодиум (лантаноид)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Прометиум (лантаноид)"><img alt="Прометиум (лантаноид)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Самариум (лантаноид)"><img alt="Самариум (лантаноид)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Европиум (лантаноид)"><img alt="Европиум (лантаноид)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Гадолиниум (лантаноид)"><img alt="Гадолиниум (лантаноид)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Тербиум (лантаноид)"><img alt="Тербиум (лантаноид)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Диспрозиум (лантаноид)"><img alt="Диспрозиум (лантаноид)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Холмиум (лантаноид)"><img alt="Холмиум (лантаноид)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Ербиум (лантаноид)"><img alt="Ербиум (лантаноид)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Тулиум (лантаноид)"><img alt="Тулиум (лантаноид)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Итербиум (лантаноид)"><img alt="Итербиум (лантаноид)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Лутециум (лантаноид)"><img alt="Лутециум (лантаноид)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Хафниум (преоден метал)"><img alt="Хафниум (преоден метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Тантал (преоден метал)"><img alt="Тантал (преоден метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Волфрам (преоден метал)"><img alt="Волфрам (преоден метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Рениум (преоден метал)"><img alt="Рениум (преоден метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Осмиум (преоден метал)"><img alt="Осмиум (преоден метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Иридиум (преоден метал)"><img alt="Иридиум (преоден метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Платина (преоден метал)"><img alt="Платина (преоден метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Злато (преоден метал)"><img alt="Злато (преоден метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Жива (преоден метал)"><img alt="Жива (преоден метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#cccccc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Талиум (слаб метал)"><img alt="Талиум (слаб метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#cccccc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Олово (слаб метал)"><img alt="Олово (слаб метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#cccccc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%82" title="Бизмут (слаб метал)"><img alt="Бизмут (слаб метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#cccccc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Полониум (слаб метал)"><img alt="Полониум (слаб метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#cccc99;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Астат (металоид)"><img alt="Астат (металоид)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#c0ffff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Радон (благороден гас)"><img alt="Радон (благороден гас)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ff6666;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Франциум (алкален метал)"><img alt="Франциум (алкален метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffdead;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Радиум (земноалкален метал)"><img alt="Радиум (земноалкален метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Актиниум (актиноид)"><img alt="Актиниум (актиноид)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Ториум (актиноид)"><img alt="Ториум (актиноид)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Протактиниум (актиноид)"><img alt="Протактиниум (актиноид)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Ураниум (актиноид)"><img alt="Ураниум (актиноид)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Нептуниум (актиноид)"><img alt="Нептуниум (актиноид)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Плутониум (актиноид)"><img alt="Плутониум (актиноид)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Америциум (актиноид)"><img alt="Америциум (актиноид)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Кириум (актиноид)"><img alt="Кириум (актиноид)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Берклиум (актиноид)"><img alt="Берклиум (актиноид)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Калифорниум (актиноид)"><img alt="Калифорниум (актиноид)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%98%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Ајнштајниум (актиноид)"><img alt="Ајнштајниум (актиноид)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Фермиум (актиноид)"><img alt="Фермиум (актиноид)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Менделевиум (актиноид)"><img alt="Менделевиум (актиноид)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Нобелиум (актиноид)"><img alt="Нобелиум (актиноид)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Лоренциум (актиноид)"><img alt="Лоренциум (актиноид)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Радерфордиум (преоден метал)"><img alt="Радерфордиум (преоден метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Дубниум (преоден метал)"><img alt="Дубниум (преоден метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Сиборгиум (преоден метал)"><img alt="Сиборгиум (преоден метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Бориум (преоден метал)"><img alt="Бориум (преоден метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Хасиум (преоден метал)"><img alt="Хасиум (преоден метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%98%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Мајтнериум (непознати хемиски својства)"><img alt="Мајтнериум (непознати хемиски својства)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Дармштатиум (непознати хемиски својства)"><img alt="Дармштатиум (непознати хемиски својства)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Рендгениум (непознати хемиски својства)"><img alt="Рендгениум (непознати хемиски својства)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Копернициум (преоден метал)"><img alt="Копернициум (преоден метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Нихониум (непознати хемиски својства)"><img alt="Нихониум (непознати хемиски својства)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#cccccc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Флеровиум (слаб метал)"><img alt="Флеровиум (слаб метал)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Московиум (непознати хемиски својства)"><img alt="Московиум (непознати хемиски својства)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Ливермориум (непознати хемиски својства)"><img alt="Ливермориум (непознати хемиски својства)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Тенесин (непознати хемиски својства)"><img alt="Тенесин (непознати хемиски својства)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:0; padding:0; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Оганесон (непознати хемиски својства)"><img alt="Оганесон (непознати хемиски својства)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; width:10px; border:none;">–<br />↑<br /><span style="font-size:110%; line-height:110%;"><b>Cr</b></span><br />↓<br /><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Молибден">Mo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; padding-top:0; padding-bottom:1px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Ванадиум">ванадиум</a> ← <span style="font-size:110%; line-height:110%;"><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">хром</a></b></span> → <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Манган">манган</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%98" title="Атомски број">Атомски број</a></span></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">24</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Атомска тежина">Стандардна атомска тежина</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(±)</span><span style="font-weight:normal;"> (<i>A</i><sub>r</sub>)</span></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">51.9961(6)<sup id="cite_ref-IUPAC_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IUPAC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;">Категорија</th><td style="line-height:1.35em;"><span title="color legend: преоден метал" style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; width:6px; height:8px; border:1px solid black; background:#ffc0c0"> </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="Преоден метал">преоден метал</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC)" title="Група (периоден систем)">Група</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA_(%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC)" title="Блок (периоден систем)">блок</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_6_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Група 6 на периодниот систем">група 6</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA_(%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC)" title="Блок (периоден систем)">d-блок</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC)" title="Периода (периоден систем)">Периода</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/IV_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="IV периода на периодниот систем">IV периода</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Електронска конфигурација">Електронска конфигурација</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">[<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Аргон">Ar</a>] 3d<sup>5</sup> 4s<sup>1</sup> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;"><div style="text-indent:1em; font-weight:normal;">по обвивка</div></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">2, 8, 13, 1</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Физичко својство">Физички својства</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0_(%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Фаза (термодинамика)">Фаза</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B1%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Цврста агрегатна состојба">цврста</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Точка на топење">Точка на топење</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">2.180 <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Келвин">K</a> ​(1.907 °C) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Точка на вриење">Точка на вриење</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">2.944 K ​(2.671 °C) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Густина">Густина</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">близу <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Собна температура">с.т.</a></span></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">7,19 г/см<sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;"><span style="font-weight:normal;">кога е течен, при <abbr title="точка на топење">т.т.</abbr></span></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">6,3 г/см<sup>3</sup> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Топлина на топење">Топлина на топење</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">21 <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%9F%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="Килоџул на мол">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Топлина на испарување">Топлина на испарување</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">347 kJ/mol </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Топлински капацитет">Моларен топлински капацитет</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">23,35 J/(mol·K) </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1.35em;"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Парен притисок">парен притисок</a></b><div style="margin:0 auto;"> <table class="wikitable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0; padding:0; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td>P (Pa) </td> <td>1 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>100 </td> <td>1 k </td> <td>10 k </td> <td>100 k </td></tr> <tr> <td>при T (K) </td> <td>1.656 </td> <td>1.807 </td> <td>1.991 </td> <td>2.223 </td> <td>2.530 </td> <td>2.942 </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0">Атомски својства</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%98" title="Оксидационен број">Оксидациони степени</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;"><span class="nowrap"><b>6</b>, 5, 4, <b>3</b>, 2, 1, −1, −2, −4</span> ​(во зависност од оксидационата состојба, киселински, базичен, или <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Амфотерност">амфотерен</a> оксид)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Електронегативност">Електронегативност</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Лајнус Полинг">Полингова</a> скала: 1,66 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%98%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Енергија на јонизација">Енергии на јонизација</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">I: 652,9 kJ/mol <br />II: 1.590,6 kJ/mol <br />II: 2.987 kJ/mol <br />(<a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%98%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5#хром" title="Моларни енергии на јонизација на елементите">повеќе</a>) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Атомски полупречник">Атомски полупречник</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">емпириски: 128 <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Пикометар">пм</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Ковалентен полупречник">Ковалентен полупречник</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">139±5 пм </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1.35em;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Chromium_spectrum_visible.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Color lines in a spectral range" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Chromium_spectrum_visible.png/240px-Chromium_spectrum_visible.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Chromium_spectrum_visible.png/360px-Chromium_spectrum_visible.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Chromium_spectrum_visible.png/480px-Chromium_spectrum_visible.png 2x" data-file-width="7430" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><strong><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Спектрална линија">Спектрални линии</a> на хром</strong></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0">Разни податоци</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Кристална структура">Кристална структура</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;"> ​<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Коцкест кристален систем">телоцентрирана коцкеста</a> (тцк)<div style="float:right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Cubic-body-centered.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Кристалната структура на хромот" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cubic-body-centered.svg/50px-Cubic-body-centered.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cubic-body-centered.svg/75px-Cubic-body-centered.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cubic-body-centered.svg/100px-Cubic-body-centered.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="109" data-file-height="127" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Брзина на звукот">Брзина на звукот</a>  <span style="font-weight:normal;">тенка прачка</span></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">5.940 м/с (при 20 °C) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Топлинско ширење (страницата не постои)">Топлинско ширење</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">4,9 µм/(m·K) (при 25 °C) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Топлинска спроводливост">Топлинска спроводливост</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">93,9 W/(m·K) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Електрична отпорност">Електрична отпорност</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">125 nΩ·m (при 20 °C) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Магнетизам">Магнетно подредување</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Антиферомагнетизам (страницата не постои)">антиферомагнетно</a> (односно: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Спински густински бран (страницата не постои)">СГБ</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-fawcett_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fawcett-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Модул на растегливост">Модул на растегливост</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">279 GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Модул на смолкнување">Модул на смолкнување</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">115 GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Модул на збивливост">Модул на збивливост</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">160 GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Поасонов сооднос (страницата не постои)">Поасонов сооднос</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">0,21 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Викерсова тврдост">Викерсова тврдост</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">1.060 MPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Бринелова тврдост">Бринелова тврдост</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">687–6.500 MPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/CAS-%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%98" title="CAS-број">CAS-број</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">7440-47-3 </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0">Историја</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;">Откриен и првпат издвоен</th><td style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%98_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Луј Никола Воклен (страницата не постои)">Луј Никола Воклен</a> (1797, 1798)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0">Најстабилни изотопи</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1.35em;"><span class="noprint">Главна статија: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Изотопи на хромот (страницата не постои)">Изотопи на хромот</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1.35em;"> <table class="wikitable" style="width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0; padding:0; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Изотоп">изо</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Природна застапеност">ПЗ</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%93%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Период на полураспаѓање">полураспад</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Радиоактивност"><abbr title="радиоактивен распад">РР</abbr></a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Распадна енергија">РЕ</a> <span style="font-size:75%;"><span style="font-weight:normal;">(<a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Електронволт">MeV</a>)</span></span> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Распаден производ">РП</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><sup>50</sup>Cr </td> <td style="text-align:right">4,345 % </td> <td style="text-align:right;">>1.3×10<sup>18</sup> г </td> <td>(<a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Двоен бета-распад">β<sup>+</sup>β<sup>+</sup></a>) </td> <td>1,167 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC-50&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Титаниум-50 (страницата не постои)"><sup>50</sup>Ti</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;"><sup>51</sup>Cr </td> <td rowspan="2" style="; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="Вештачки изотоп">веш</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">27,7025 д </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Електронски зафат">ε</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC-51&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ванадиум-51 (страницата не постои)"><sup>51</sup>V</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Гама-зрачење">γ</a> </td> <td>0,320 </td> <td><sup></sup>– </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>52</sup>Cr </td> <td style="text-align:right">83,789 % </td> <td colspan="4"><sup>52</sup>Cr е <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="Стабилен изотоп">стабилен</a> со 28 <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Неутрон">неутрони</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>53</sup>Cr </td> <td style="text-align:right">9,501 % </td> <td colspan="4"><sup>53</sup>Cr е стабилен со 29 неутрони </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>54</sup>Cr </td> <td style="text-align:right">2,365 % </td> <td colspan="4"><sup>54</sup>Cr е стабилен со 30 неутрони </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1.35em;">Режимите на распад во загради се предвидени, но сè уште не се забележани</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="noprint" style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar"><ul><li class="nv-преглед"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0:%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Предлошка:Инфокутија хром"><span title="Преглед на предлошкава">преглед</span></a></li><li class="nv-разговор"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0:%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Разговор за предлошка:Инфокутија хром"><span title="Разговор за предлошкава">разговор</span></a></li><li class="nv-уреди"><a class="external text" href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0:%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=edit"><span title="Уредување на предлошкава">уреди</span></a></li></ul></div>| <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_data_references_for_chemical_elements" class="extiw" title="en:List of data references for chemical elements">наводи</a> | <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725" class="extiw" title="d:Q725">Википодатоци</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Хром</b> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Хемиски елемент">хемиски елемент</a> со симбол <b>Cr</b> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%98" title="Атомски број">атомски број</a> 24. Тоа е првиот елемент во <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_6_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Група 6 на периодниот систем">групата 6</a> . Тоа е старо-сив, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luster_(mineralogy)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luster (mineralogy) (страницата не постои)">сјаен</a> , тврд и кршлив <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Преодни метали">преоден метал</a> .<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Хромот може да се пофали со висока стапка на употреба како <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Метал">метал</a> кој може да биде високо <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polishing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polishing (страницата не постои)">полиран</a> додека отпорен на <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarnish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tarnish (страницата не постои)">оцрнување</a> . Хромот е исто така главниот додаток во <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stainless_steel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stainless steel (страницата не постои)">не’рѓосувачки челик</a> , популарна челична легура поради невообичаено високиот <a href="/w/index.php?title=Specular_reflection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Specular reflection (страницата не постои)">спектрален одраз</a> . Едноставниот полиран хром одразува речиси 70% од <a href="/w/index.php?title=Visible_spectrum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Visible spectrum (страницата не постои)">видливиот спектар</a> , при што се рефлектираат речиси 90% <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Инфрацрвено зрачење">инфрацрвени светлосни</a> бранови.<sup id="cite_ref-NIST_specular_reflection_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST_specular_reflection-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Името на елементот е изведено од <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Старогрчки јазик">грчкиот</a> збор χρῶμα, <i>chrōma</i> , што значи <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Боја">боја</a> ,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> бидејќи многу соединенија на хром се интензивно обоени. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrochromium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferrochromium (страницата не постои)">Ферохромиевата</a> легура е комерцијално произведена од <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromite (страницата не постои)">хромит</a> со <a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicothermic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silicothermic (страницата не постои)">силикотермични</a> или <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aluminothermic_reaction&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aluminothermic reaction (страницата не постои)">алуолетермични реакции</a> и хром метали со <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roasting_(metallurgy)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roasting (metallurgy) (страницата не постои)">печење</a> и процеси на <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leaching_(metallurgy)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leaching (metallurgy) (страницата не постои)">истекување</a> проследено со редукција со <a href="/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Јаглерод">јаглерод</a>, а потоа и со <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Алуминиум">алуминиум</a> . Хром метал е од висока вредност за неговата висока <a href="/w/index.php?title=Corrosion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corrosion (страницата не постои)">отпорност на</a> корозија и <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hardness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hardness (страницата не постои)">цврстина</a> . Главен развој во производството на челик беше откривањето дека челикот може да се направи високо отпорен на корозија и промена на бојата со додавање на метален хром за да се формира <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stainless_steel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stainless steel (страницата не постои)">не’рѓосувачки челик</a> . Не’рѓосувачкиот челик и <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chrome_plating&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chrome plating (страницата не постои)">хромирањето</a> ( <a href="/w/index.php?title=Electroplating&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electroplating (страницата не постои)">електроплирање</a> со хром) заедно сочинуваат 85% од комерцијалната употреба. </p><p>Во Соединетите Американски Држави, <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Валентност">тривалентен</a> хром (Cr (III)) <a href="/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Јон">јон</a> се смета за <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Неопходна хранлива материја">неопходна хранлива материја</a> кај луѓето за <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Инсулин">инсулин</a> , <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%9C%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Шеќер">шеќер</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Липид">липиден</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Метаболизам">метаболизам</a> .<sup id="cite_ref-ods_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ods-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Сепак, во 2014 година, <a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Food_Safety_Authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="European Food Safety Authority (страницата не постои)">Европската агенција за безбедност на храната</a> , постапувајќи за Европската унија, заклучи дека нема доволно докази дека хром треба да се препознае како суштина.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Додека хром металот и Cr (III) јоните не се сметаат за токсични, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hexavalent_chromium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hexavalent chromium (страницата не постои)">хексавалентен хром</a> (Cr (VI)) е токсичен и <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Канцероген">канцероген</a> . Напуштените места за производство на хром често бараат <a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_remediation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental remediation (страницата не постои)">чистење на животната средина</a> . </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Физички_својства"><span id=".D0.A4.D0.B8.D0.B7.D0.B8.D1.87.D0.BA.D0.B8_.D1.81.D0.B2.D0.BE.D1.98.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B2.D0.B0"></span>Физички својства</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Уреди го одделот „Физички својства“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=edit&section=1" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Физички својства"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Атомски"><span id=".D0.90.D1.82.D0.BE.D0.BC.D1.81.D0.BA.D0.B8"></span>Атомски</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Уреди го одделот „Атомски“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=edit&section=2" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Атомски"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Хром е четвртиот <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Преодни метали">преоден метал што се</a> наоѓа на периодниот систем и има електронска конфигурација на [<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Аргон">Ar</a>]3d<sup>5</sup>4s<sup>1</sup> . Тоа е, исто така, првиот елемент во периодниот систем, чија основна електронска конфигурација го нарушува <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aufbau_principle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aufbau principle (страницата не постои)">принципот Ауфбау</a> . Ова се случува повторно подоцна во периодниот систем со други елементи и нивните електронски конфигурации, како што се <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Бакар">бакар</a> , <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Ниобиум">ниобиум</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Молибден">молибден</a> .<sup id="cite_ref-CasaXPS_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CasaXPS-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ова се случува бидејќи електроните во истата орбитала се одвратуваат едни со други поради нивните слични обвиненија. Во претходните елементи, енергетскиот трошок за промовирање на електрони до следното повисоко ниво на енергија е премногу голем за да се компензира за ослободеното од меѓуэлектронското одбивање. Меѓутоа, во 3d транзицискитеЖ метали, енергетскиот јаз помеѓу подповршината 3d и следната повисока 4s е многу мал, и бидејќи 3d подслојот е покомпактен од подслоевите 4s, меѓуелектронското одбивање е помало помеѓу 4s електрони отколку помеѓу 3d електрони. Ова го намалува енергетскиот трошок за промоција и ја зголемува енергијата што ја ослободува, така што промоцијата станува енергетски изводлива, а еден или дури два електрони секогаш се промовираат во потсек 4-ти. (Слични промоции се случуваат за секој атом на преоден метал освен еден, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Паладиум">паладиум</a> . ) <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Хромот е првиот елемент во 3d серијата каде што 3d електроните започнуваат да тонат во <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Атомско јадро">инертно јадро</a> ; тие на тој начин придонесуваат помалку за <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Метална врска">металното врзување</a> , а оттаму точките на топење и вриење и <a href="/w/index.php?title=Enthalpy_of_atomisation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enthalpy of atomisation (страницата не постои)">енталпијата на атомизација</a> на хром се пониски од оние на претходниот елемент, <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Ванадиум">ванадиум</a> . Хром (VI) е силно <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxidising_agent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxidising agent (страницата не постои)">оксидирачко средство</a> за разлика од <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Молибден">молибден</a> (VI) и <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Волфрам">волфрам</a> (VI) оксиди.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood1004_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1004-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Целовитост"><span id=".D0.A6.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.81.D1.82"></span>Целовитост</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Уреди го одделот „Целовитост“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=edit&section=3" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Целовитост"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Chromium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Chromium.jpg/220px-Chromium.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Chromium.jpg/330px-Chromium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Chromium.jpg/440px-Chromium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1128" data-file-height="1128" /></a><figcaption> Примерок од чист метален хром</figcaption></figure> <p>Хромот е многу <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hardness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hardness (страницата не постои)">цврст</a> , и е трет најцврст елемент зад <a href="/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Јаглерод">јаглеродот</a> ( <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Дијамант">дијамант</a> ) и <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Бор (елемент)">бор</a> . Неговата <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Мосова скала">цврстина на Мос</a> е 8,5, што значи дека може да гребе примероци од <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86" title="Кварц">кварц</a> и <a href="/w/index.php?title=Topaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Topaz (страницата не постои)">топаз</a> , но може да биде изгребан од <a href="/w/index.php?title=Corundum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corundum (страницата не постои)">корунд</a> . Хром е многу отпорен на <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarnish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tarnish (страницата не постои)">оцрнување</a> , што го прави корисен како метал што го задржува својот најоддалечен слој од <a href="/w/index.php?title=Corrosion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corrosion (страницата не постои)">корозија</a> , за разлика од другите метали како што се <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Бакар">бакар</a> , <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Магнезиум">магнезиум</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Алуминиум">алуминиум</a> . </p><p>Хромот има <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Точка на топење">точка</a> на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Точка на топење">топење</a> од 1907 °C (3465 °F), што е релативно ниско во споредба со повеќето преодни метали. Сепак, тој сè уште ја има втората највисока точка на топење од сите елементи на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC)" title="Периода (периоден систем)">Период 4</a> , со што <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Ванадиум">ванадиум</a> е на врвот со разлика 3 °C (5 °F) на температура од 1910 °C (3470 °F). <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Точка на вриење">Точката</a> на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Точка на вриење">вриење</a> на 2671 °C (4840 °F), сепак, е релативно помал, со трета најниска точка на вриење надвор од <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC)" title="Периода (периоден систем)">Периодот 4</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Преодни метали">преодни метали</a> сам <sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>б 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> зад <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Манган">манган</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Цинк">цинк</a> . <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Електрична спроводливост">Електричната отпорност</a> на олово на 20 °C е 125 <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC" title="Ом">ом</a> - <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Метар">метри</a> . </p><p>Хромот има невообичаено висока <a href="/w/index.php?title=Specular_reflection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Specular reflection (страницата не постои)">зрачна рефлексија</a> во споредба со онаа на другите преодни метали. Во 425 <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Микрометарски винт">μm</a> , се покажа дека хром има релативно максимум одраз на околу 72% рефлексија, пред да влезе во намалување на рефлексивноста, достигнувајќи минимум 62% рефлектанса на 750 <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Микрометарски винт">μm</a> пред повторно да се издигне и да се рефлектира приближно 90% од 4000 <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Микрометарски винт">μm</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Инфрацрвено зрачење">инфрацрвени</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Светлина">бранови</a> .<sup id="cite_ref-NIST_specular_reflection_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST_specular_reflection-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> . Кога хром е формиран во легура од <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stainless_steel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stainless steel (страницата не постои)">не’рѓосувачки челик</a> и <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polishing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polishing (страницата не постои)">полиран</a> , зрачената рефлексија се намалува со вклучување на дополнителни метали, но сепак е прилично висока во споредба со другите легури. Помеѓу 40% и 60% од видливиот спектар се рефлектира од полиран не’рѓосувачки челик.<sup id="cite_ref-NIST_specular_reflection_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST_specular_reflection-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Објаснувањето за тоа зошто хром покажува толку висок одѕив на рефлектираните <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Фотон">фотонски</a> бранови воопшто, особено 90% од инфрацрвените бранови што се рефлектираат, може да се припишат на магнетните својства на хром.<sup id="cite_ref-ISU_infrared_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISU_infrared-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Хром има уникатни магнетни својства во смисла дека хром е единствената елементарна цврстина која покажува <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antiferromagnetic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antiferromagnetic (страницата не постои)">антиферромагнетско</a> наредување на собна температура (и подолу). Над 38 °C, неговото магнетно нарачување се менува на <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paramagnetic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paramagnetic (страницата не постои)">парамагнетно</a> . . Антиферромагнетните својства, кои предизвикуваат хромовите атоми привремено да се <a href="/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Јонизација">јонизираат</a> и поврзуваат со себе, се присутни затоа што магнетните својства на телото-центрични кубици се диспропорционални на <a href="/w/index.php?title=Crystal_structure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crystal structure (страницата не постои)">периодичноста</a> на <a href="/w/index.php?title=Crystal_structure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crystal structure (страницата не постои)">решетката</a> . Ова се должи на фактот дека магнетните моменти на аглите на коцката и центрите на коцка не се еднакви, но сè уште се антипаралелни.<sup id="cite_ref-ISU_infrared_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISU_infrared-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Оттука, честотно-зависната <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Релативна диелектрична константа">релативна диелектричност</a> на хром, која произлегува од <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Максвелови равенки">Максвеловите равенки</a> во врска со неговата <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antiferromagnetism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antiferromagnetism (страницата не постои)">антиферромагнитност</a> , го остава хромот со највисоки инфрацрвени и видливи светлосни рефлектирања на познатите хемиски елементи.<sup id="cite_ref-ISU_optical_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISU_optical-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Пасивација"><span id=".D0.9F.D0.B0.D1.81.D0.B8.D0.B2.D0.B0.D1.86.D0.B8.D1.98.D0.B0"></span>Пасивација</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Уреди го одделот „Пасивација“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=edit&section=4" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Пасивација"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Хром металот оставен во воздухот се <a href="/w/index.php?title=Passivation_(chemistry)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passivation (chemistry) (страницата не постои)">пасивира</a> со оксидација, формирајќи тенок, заштитен, површински слој. Овој слој е <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spinel (страницата не постои)">шпинел</a> структура, со дебелина на неколку молекули. Тој е многу густ и го спречува дифузирањето на кислородот во основниот метал. Ова е различно од сунѓерестиот оксид кој се формира на железо и јаглероден челик, преку кој елементарен кислород продолжува да мигрира, достигнувајќи го основниот материјал за да предизвика понатамошно <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rust&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rust (страницата не постои)">рѓосување</a> .<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Пасивацијата може да се зголеми со краток контакт со <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxidizing_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxidizing acid (страницата не постои)">оксидирачки киселини</a> како <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Азотна киселина">азотна киселина</a> . Пасивираниот хром е стабилен против киселините. Пасивацијата може да се отстрани со силно <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reducing_agent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reducing agent (страницата не постои)">средство за редукција</a> кое го уништува заштитниот оксиден слој на металот. Хром металот третирани на овој начин лесно се раствора во слаби киселини.<sup id="cite_ref-HollemanAF_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HollemanAF-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Хромот, за разлика од таков метал како железо и никел, не страда од <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen_embrittlement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hydrogen embrittlement (страницата не постои)">водороден распуст</a> . Меѓутоа, таа страда од азотно <a href="/w/index.php?title=Embrittlement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Embrittlement (страницата не постои)">оружје</a> , реагира со азот од воздух и формира кршливи нитриди при високи температури неопходни за работа на металните делови.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Изотопи"><span id=".D0.98.D0.B7.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.BE.D0.BF.D0.B8"></span>Изотопи</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Уреди го одделот „Изотопи“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=edit&section=5" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Изотопи"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Природниот хром е составен од три стабилни <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Изотоп">изотопи</a> ; <sup>52</sup>Cr, <sup>53</sup>Cr и <sup>54</sup>Cr, со <sup>52</sup>Cr најобемно (83,789% <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Природна застапеност">природно изобилство</a> ). 19 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radioisotope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radioisotope (страницата не постои)">радиоизотопи</a> се одликуваат, при што најстабилните се <sup>50</sup>Cr со <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Период на полураспад">полуживот</a> (повеќе од) 1,8 <span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap">17</span></sup> години и <sup>51</sup>Cr со полуживот од 27,7 дена. Сите преостанати <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Радиоактивност">радиоактивни</a> изотопи имаат полуживот што е помалку од 24 часа, а мнозинството е помалку од 1 минута. Хром, исто така, има два <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metastable&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metastable (страницата не постои)">метастабилни</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Јадрен изомер (страницата не постои)">јадрени изомери</a> .<sup id="cite_ref-NUBASE_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NUBASE-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><sup>53</sup>Cr е <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radiogenic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radiogenic (страницата не постои)">радиогенски</a> производ на распаѓање од <sup>53</sup><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Манган">Mn</a> (полуживот = 3.74 милиони години).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Хромитните изотопи обично се соединуваат (и се дополнуваат) со изотопи од <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Манган">манган</a> . Оваа околност е корисна во <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotope_geology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isotope geology (страницата не постои)">геологијата на изотопите</a> . Содржините на изотоп од манган-хром ги зајакнуваат доказите од <sup>26</sup><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Алуминиум">Al</a> и <sup>107</sup><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Паладиум">Pd во</a> врска со раната историја на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Сончев Систем">сончевиот Систем</a> . Варијациите на <sup>53</sup>Cr/ <sup>52</sup>Cr и Mn/Cr коефициентите од неколку метеорити укажуваат на првичниот сооднос од <sup>53</sup>Mn/<sup>55</sup>Mn, кој сугерира дека Mn-Cr изотопниот состав мора да произлезе од распаѓањето на <sup>53</sup>Mn во диференцираните планети тела. Оттука <sup>53</sup>Cr обезбедува дополнителни докази за <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nucleosynthesis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nucleosynthesis (страницата не постои)">нуклеосинтетски</a> процеси непосредно пред соединување на сончевиот Систем.<sup id="cite_ref-53Mn53Cr_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53Mn53Cr-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Изотопите на хром се движат во <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Атомска маса">атомска маса</a> од 43 <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Атомска единица за маса">u</a> (<sup>43</sup>Cr) до 67 u (<sup>67</sup>Cr). Примарниот <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Радиоактивност">режим на распаѓање</a> пред најзастапен стабилен изотоп, <sup>52</sup> Cr, е <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Електронски зафат">апсење на електрони</a> и примарен режим по <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Бета-распад">бета распаѓање</a> .<sup id="cite_ref-NUBASE_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NUBASE-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup>53</sup> Cr е поставен како прокси за атмосферска концентрација на кислород.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Хемија_и_соединенија"><span id=".D0.A5.D0.B5.D0.BC.D0.B8.D1.98.D0.B0_.D0.B8_.D1.81.D0.BE.D0.B5.D0.B4.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.98.D0.B0"></span>Хемија и соединенија</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Уреди го одделот „Хемија и соединенија“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=edit&section=6" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Хемија и соединенија"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Хемиски_својства"><span id=".D0.A5.D0.B5.D0.BC.D0.B8.D1.81.D0.BA.D0.B8_.D1.81.D0.B2.D0.BE.D1.98.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B2.D0.B0"></span>Хемиски својства</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Уреди го одделот „Хемиски својства“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=edit&section=7" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Хемиски својства"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Chromium_in_water_pourbiax_diagram.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Chromium_in_water_pourbiax_diagram.png/220px-Chromium_in_water_pourbiax_diagram.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Chromium_in_water_pourbiax_diagram.png/330px-Chromium_in_water_pourbiax_diagram.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Chromium_in_water_pourbiax_diagram.png/440px-Chromium_in_water_pourbiax_diagram.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="498" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pourbaix_diagram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pourbaix diagram (страницата не постои)">Дијаграмот на Пурбе</a> за хром во чиста вода, перхлорна киселина или натриум хидроксид <sup id="cite_ref-Crspeci_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crspeci-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-medusa_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-medusa-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </figcaption></figure> <p>Хром е член на <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_6_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Група 6 на периодниот систем">група 6</a> , од <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Преодни метали">преодните метали</a> . Хром (0) има електронска конфигурација на [Ar]3d<sup>5</sup>4s<sup>1</sup> , поради долната енергија на <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spin_states_(d_electrons)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spin states (d electrons) (страницата не постои)">високиот спин конфигурација</a> . Хромот покажува широк спектар на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%98" title="Оксидационен број">оксидациски состојби</a> , но хромот се јонизира во катјон со позитивен 3 полнеж кој служи како најстабилна јонска состојба на хром.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 3 и 6 состојбите се јавуваат најчесто во рамките на хромните соединенија; полнежи од +1, +4 и +5 за хром се ретки, но понекогаш постојат.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Оксидациони состојби<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>−2</td> <td><span class="chemf nowrap">Na<sub>2</sub>[Cr(CO)<sub>5</sub>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>−1</td> <td><span class="chemf nowrap">Na<sub>2</sub>[Cr<sub>2</sub>(CO)<sub>10</sub>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%81(%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD)%D1%85%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Бис(бензен)хром (страницата не постои)"><span class="chemf nowrap">Cr(C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub>)<sub>2</sub></span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>+1</td> <td><span class="chemf nowrap">K<sub>3</sub>[Cr(CN)<sub>5</sub>NO]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>+2</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC_(II)_%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хром (II) хлорид (страницата не постои)"><span class="chemf nowrap">CrCl<sub>2</sub></span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>+3</b></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC_(III)_%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хром (III) хлорид (страницата не постои)"><span class="chemf nowrap">CrCl<sub>3</sub></span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>+4</td> <td><span class="chemf nowrap">K<sub>2</sub>CrF<sub>6</sub></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>+5</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82(V)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Калиум тетрапероксохромат(V) (страницата не постои)"><span class="chemf nowrap">K<sub>3</sub>CrO<sub>8</sub></span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>+6</b></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Калиум хромат (страницата не постои)"><span class="chemf nowrap">K<sub>2</sub>CrO<sub>4</sub></span></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Хром_(III)"><span id=".D0.A5.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.BC_.28III.29"></span>Хром (III)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Уреди го одделот „Хром (III)“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=edit&section=8" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Хром (III)"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Chromium(III)-chloride-purple-anhydrous-sunlight.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Chromium%28III%29-chloride-purple-anhydrous-sunlight.jpg/220px-Chromium%28III%29-chloride-purple-anhydrous-sunlight.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Chromium%28III%29-chloride-purple-anhydrous-sunlight.jpg/330px-Chromium%28III%29-chloride-purple-anhydrous-sunlight.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Chromium%28III%29-chloride-purple-anhydrous-sunlight.jpg/440px-Chromium%28III%29-chloride-purple-anhydrous-sunlight.jpg 2x" data-file-width="927" data-file-height="693" /></a><figcaption>Безводен хром (III) хлорид (CrCl<sub>3)</sub></figcaption></figure> <p>Познати се голем број соединенија на хром (III), како што се <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromium_nitrate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromium nitrate (страницата не постои)">хром (III) нитрат</a> , <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromium(III)_acetate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromium(III) acetate (страницата не постои)">хром (III) ацетат</a> и <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromium(III)_oxide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromium(III) oxide (страницата не постои)">хром (III) оксид</a> .<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Хром (III) може да се добие со растворање на елементарен хром во киселини како <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Солна киселина">хлороводородна киселина</a> или <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%84%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Сулфурна киселина">сулфурна киселина</a> , но може да се формира и преку редукција на хром (VI) со <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Цитохром">цитохром</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC_c" title="Цитохром c">c7</a> .<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="chemf nowrap">Cr<sup>3+</sup></span> јон има сличен полупречник (63 <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Пикометар">pm</a>) до <span class="chemf nowrap">Al<sup>3+</sup></span> (полупречник 50 pm), и тие можат да се заменат едни со други во некои соединенија, како што се <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chrome_alum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chrome alum (страницата не постои)">хром алум</a> и <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alum (страницата не постои)">алуминиум</a> . Кога износот на траги од <span class="chemf nowrap">Cr<sup>3+</sup></span> го заменува <span class="chemf nowrap">Al<sup>3+</sup></span> во <a href="/w/index.php?title=Corundum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corundum (страницата не постои)">корунд</a> (алуминиум оксид, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Сафир">розово сафир</a> или црвениот <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruby&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruby (страницата не постои)">рубин</a> се формира, во зависност од количината на хром. </p><p>Хром (III) има тенденција да формира <a href="/w/index.php?title=Octahedral_molecular_geometry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Octahedral molecular geometry (страницата не постои)">октаедрични</a> комплекси. Коммерцијално достапен <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromium(III)_chloride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromium(III) chloride (страницата не постои)">хром (III) хлорид</a> хидрат е темнозелениот комплекс [CrCl<sub>2</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>4</sub>]Cl. Тесно поврзани соединенија се бледо зелена [CrCl(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>5</sub>]Cl<sub>2</sub> и виолетова [Cr(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]Cl<sub>3</sub><sub>.</sub> Ако нема вода во зелена боја <sup class="Template-Fact"><span title="Ова тврдење треба да се поткрепи со доверлив извор. since November 2018" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%B5_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Википедија:Се бара извор">се бара извор</a></i>]</span></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromium(III)_chloride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromium(III) chloride (страницата не постои)">хром (III) хлорид</a> се раствора во вода, зелениот раствор се менува во виолетов за време додека хлорид во внатрешната <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coordination_sphere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coordination sphere (страницата не постои)">координацијона сфера</a> се заменува со вода. Овој вид на реакција е забележан и со растворите на <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chrome_alum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chrome alum (страницата не постои)">хром алум</a> и други соли на хром (III) растворливи во вода. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromium(III)_hydroxide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromium(III) hydroxide (страницата не постои)">Хром (III) хидроксид</a> (Cr (OH) <sub>3)</sub> е <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Амфотерност">атмосферско</a> , се раствора во киселински остатоци за да се формира [Cr (H<sub>2</sub>O) <sub>6]</sub> <sup>3+,</sup> а во базни раствори за да се формира <span class="chemf nowrap">[Cr(OH)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3−</sup></span> . Се дехидрира со загревање за да се формира зелениот <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromium(III)_oxide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromium(III) oxide (страницата не постои)">хром (III) оксид</a> (Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), стабилен оксид со кристална структура идентична на <a href="/w/index.php?title=Corundum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corundum (страницата не постои)">корунда</a> .<sup id="cite_ref-HollemanAF_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HollemanAF-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Хром_(VI)"><span id=".D0.A5.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.BC_.28VI.29"></span>Хром (VI)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Уреди го одделот „Хром (VI)“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=edit&section=9" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Хром (VI)"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hexavalent_chromium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hexavalent chromium (страницата не постои)">Соединението на хром (VI)</a> се оксиданси при ниска или неутрална pH вредност. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromate_and_dichromate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromate and dichromate (страницата не постои)">Хроматски</a> анјони (<span class="chemf nowrap">CrO<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:left;">2−<br />4</span></span>) и <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromate_and_dichromate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromate and dichromate (страницата не постои)">дихромат</a> (Cr<sub>2</sub>O <sub>7</sub><sup>2-</sup>) анјони се главни јони во оваа оксидациона состојба. Тие постојат во рамнотежа, определена со pH: </p> <dl><dd>2 [ CrO<sub>4]</sub> <sup>2-</sup> + 2 H <sup>+</sup> ⇌ [Cr <sub>2</sub> O <sub>7]</sub> <sup>2-</sup> + H<sub>2</sub>O</dd></dl> <p>Хром (VI) халиди се исто така познат и вклучуваат <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хексафлуорид (страницата не постои)">хексафлуорид</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хром хексафлуорид (страницата не постои)">CrF<sub>6</sub></a> и <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хромил хлорид (страницата не постои)">хромил хлорид</a> (<span class="chemf nowrap">CrO<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub></span> ).<sup id="cite_ref-HollemanAF_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HollemanAF-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Chrom(VI)-oxid.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Chrom%28VI%29-oxid.jpg/220px-Chrom%28VI%29-oxid.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Chrom%28VI%29-oxid.jpg/330px-Chrom%28VI%29-oxid.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Chrom%28VI%29-oxid.jpg/440px-Chrom%28VI%29-oxid.jpg 2x" data-file-width="860" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption> Хром (VI) оксид</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_chromate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sodium chromate (страницата не постои)">Натриум хроматот</a> се произведува индустриски со оксидативно печење на <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromite (страницата не постои)">хромитната</a> руда со <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Калциум карбонат">калциум</a> или <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_carbonate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sodium carbonate (страницата не постои)">натриум карбонат</a> . Промената на рамнотежата е видлива со промена од жолто (хромат) до портокалово (дихромат), како на пример кога се додава киселина во неутрален раствор на <a href="/w/index.php?title=Potassium_chromate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Potassium chromate (страницата не постои)">калиум хромат</a> . При уште пониски вредности на pH, можна е понатамошна кондензација на посложени <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%98%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Оксианјон (страницата не постои)">оксианјони</a> на хромот. </p><p>И <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromate_and_dichromate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromate and dichromate (страницата не постои)">хроматните и дихроматните</a> анјони се силни оксидирачки реагенси при ниска вредност на pH:<sup id="cite_ref-HollemanAF_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HollemanAF-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="chemf nowrap">Cr<sub>2</sub>O<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:left;">2−<br />7</span></span> + 14 <span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup></span> + 6 e <sup>-</sup> → 2 <span class="chemf nowrap">Cr<sup>3+</sup></span> + 21 <span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub>2</sub>O</span> (ε <sub>0</sub> = 1,33   V)</dd></dl> <p>Меѓутоа, тие се само умерено оксидирачки со висока pH вредност:<sup id="cite_ref-HollemanAF_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HollemanAF-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="chemf nowrap">CrO<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:left;">2−<br />4</span></span> + 4 <span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub>2</sub>O</span> + 3e <sup>-</sup> → <span class="chemf nowrap">Cr(OH)<sub>3</sub></span> + 5 <span class="chemf nowrap">OH<sup>−</sup></span> (ε <sub>0</sub> = -0.13   V)</dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Chroman_sodn%C3%BD.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Chroman_sodn%C3%BD.JPG/220px-Chroman_sodn%C3%BD.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Chroman_sodn%C3%BD.JPG/330px-Chroman_sodn%C3%BD.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Chroman_sodn%C3%BD.JPG/440px-Chroman_sodn%C3%BD.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="405" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_chromate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sodium chromate (страницата не постои)">Натриум хромат</a> (Na<sub>2</sub>CrO<sub>4</sub> ) </figcaption></figure> <p>Соединението на хром (VI) во растворот може да се детектира со додавање на кисел раствор на <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Водород пероксид">водород пероксид</a> . Формиран е нестабилен темносин <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromium(VI)_peroxide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromium(VI) peroxide (страницата не постои)">хром (VI) пероксид</a> (CrO<sub>5</sub>), кој може да се стабилизира како етер адукт <span class="chemf nowrap">CrO<sub>5</sub>·OR<sub>2</sub></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-HollemanAF_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HollemanAF-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromic acid (страницата не постои)">Хромната киселина ја</a> има хипотетичката формула <span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub>2</sub>CrO<sub>4</sub></span>. Тоа е нејасно опишана хемикалија, покрај тоа што се познати други многу добро дефинирани хромати и дихромати. Темноцрвениот <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromium(VI)_oxide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromium(VI) oxide (страницата не постои)">хром (VI) оксид</a> <span class="chemf nowrap">CrO<sub>3</sub></span> , киселински <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anhydride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anhydride (страницата не постои)">анхидрид</a> на хромна киселина, се продава индустриски како "хромова киселина".<sup id="cite_ref-HollemanAF_15-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HollemanAF-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Може да се произведува со мешање на сулфурна киселина со дихромат и е силен оксидирачки агенс. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Други_состојби_на_оксидација"><span id=".D0.94.D1.80.D1.83.D0.B3.D0.B8_.D1.81.D0.BE.D1.81.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.98.D0.B1.D0.B8_.D0.BD.D0.B0_.D0.BE.D0.BA.D1.81.D0.B8.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.86.D0.B8.D1.98.D0.B0"></span>Други состојби на оксидација</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Уреди го одделот „Други состојби на оксидација“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=edit&section=10" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Други состојби на оксидација"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Хром_(V)_и_хром_(IV)"><span id=".D0.A5.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.BC_.28V.29_.D0.B8_.D1.85.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.BC_.28IV.29"></span>Хром (V) и хром (IV)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Уреди го одделот „Хром (V) и хром (IV)“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=edit&section=11" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Хром (V) и хром (IV)"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Оксидационата состојба +5 е реализирана само во неколку соединенија, но се интермедијари во многу реакции кои вклучуваат оксидации со хромат. Единственото бинарно соединение е испарливиот [[Chromium(V) fluoride|хром (V) <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Флуорид (страницата не постои)">флуорид</a>]] (CrF<sub>5</sub>). Ова црвено цврсто тело има точка на топење од 30 °C и точка на вриење од 117 °C. Може да се подготви со третирање на хром метал со флуор на 400 °C и притисок од 200 бари. Пероксохромат (V) е уште еден пример за оксидациската состојба +5. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Potassium_tetraperoxochromate(V)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Potassium tetraperoxochromate(V) (страницата не постои)">Калиум пероксохромат</a> (K<sub>3</sub>[Cr(O<sub>2</sub>)<sub>4</sub>]) се прави со реакција на калиум хромат со водород пероксид на ниски температури. Ова црвено-кафено соединение е стабилно на собна температура, но се распаѓа спонтано на 150-170 °C.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Соединенијата на хром (IV) (во состојбата со оксидација +4) се малку почести од оние на хром (V). На тетрахилиди, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromium(IV)_fluoride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromium(IV) fluoride (страницата не постои)">CrF<sub>4</sub></a> , <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromium(IV)_chloride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromium(IV) chloride (страницата не постои)">CrCl<sub>4</sub></a> , и CrBr<sub>4,</sub> може да се произведува со третирање на трихалидес (<span class="chemf nowrap">CrX<sub>3</sub></span> ) со соодветниот халоген при покачени температури. Таквите соединенија се подложни на реакции на диспропорционирање и не се стабилни во вода. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Хром_(II)"><span id=".D0.A5.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.BC_.28II.29"></span>Хром (II)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Уреди го одделот „Хром (II)“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=edit&section=12" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Хром (II)"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Многу соединенија на хром (II) се познати, како што е водостојниот <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromium(II)_chloride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromium(II) chloride (страницата не постои)">хром (II) хлорид</a> <span class="chemf nowrap">CrCl<sub>2</sub></span> што може да се направи со намалување на хром (III) хлорид со цинк. Резултирачкиот светло-син раствор создаден од растворање на хром (II) хлорид е стабилен само при неутрална <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Водороден показател">pH вредност</a> .<sup id="cite_ref-HollemanAF_15-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HollemanAF-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Некои други значајни хром (II) соединенија се <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromium(II)_oxide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromium(II) oxide (страницата не постои)">хром (II) оксид</a> <span class="chemf nowrap">CrO</span> и <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromium(II)_sulfate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromium(II) sulfate (страницата не постои)">хром (II) сулфат</a> <span class="chemf nowrap">CrSO<sub>4</sub></span>. Познати се и многу хромозни карбоксилати, од кои најпознат е црвениот <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromium(II)_acetate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromium(II) acetate (страницата не постои)">хром (II) ацетат</a> (Cr<sub>2</sub>(O<sub>2</sub>CCH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>) кој има четвртна врска.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Хром_(I)"><span id=".D0.A5.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.BC_.28I.29"></span>Хром (I)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Уреди го одделот „Хром (I)“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=edit&section=13" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Хром (I)"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Повеќето соединенија на хром (I) се добиваат само со оксидација на електронско-богати, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Octahedral_molecular_geometry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Octahedral molecular geometry (страницата не постои)">октаедрични</a> хром (0) комплекси. Други хром (I) комплекси содржат <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyclopentadienyl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyclopentadienyl (страницата не постои)">циклопентадиенилни</a> лиганди. Потврдена е со <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Рендгенска кристалографија">дифракција</a> на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Рендгенска кристалографија">Х-зраци</a> Cr-Cr <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quintuple_bond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quintuple bond (страницата не постои)">quintuple врска</a> (должина 183.51(4) pm).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Екстремно обемните моноделентни лиганди го стабилизираат ова соединение со заштитен врзан врв од понатамошни реакции. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:5-fold_chromium.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/5-fold_chromium.png/220px-5-fold_chromium.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/5-fold_chromium.png/330px-5-fold_chromium.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/5-fold_chromium.png/440px-5-fold_chromium.png 2x" data-file-width="1060" data-file-height="1178" /></a><figcaption>Соединение на хром определено експериментално за да содржи Cr-Cr quintuple врска</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Хром_(0)"><span id=".D0.A5.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.BC_.280.29"></span>Хром (0)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Уреди го одделот „Хром (0)“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=edit&section=14" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Хром (0)"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Моментално се познати многу соединенија на хром (0); сепак, повеќето од овие соединенија се деривати на соединенијата <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromium_hexacarbonyl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromium hexacarbonyl (страницата не постои)">хром хексакарбонил</a> или <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bis(benzene)chromium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bis(benzene)chromium (страницата не постои)">бис (бензен) хром</a> .<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Појава"><span id=".D0.9F.D0.BE.D1.98.D0.B0.D0.B2.D0.B0"></span>Појава</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Уреди го одделот „Појава“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=edit&section=15" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Појава"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Crocoite_from_Tasmania.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Crocoite_from_Tasmania.jpg/220px-Crocoite_from_Tasmania.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Crocoite_from_Tasmania.jpg/330px-Crocoite_from_Tasmania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Crocoite_from_Tasmania.jpg/440px-Crocoite_from_Tasmania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Crocoite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crocoite (страницата не постои)">Крокојт</a> (PbCrO<sub>4</sub>) </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Chromit_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Chromit_1.jpg/220px-Chromit_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Chromit_1.jpg/330px-Chromit_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Chromit_1.jpg/440px-Chromit_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1837" data-file-height="1469" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromite (страницата не постои)">Хромитна</a> руда </figcaption></figure> <p>Хром е 13-тиот <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%98%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Застапеност на хемиските елементи во Земјината кора">најбитен елемент во Земјината кора</a> со просечна концентрација од 100 ppm.<sup id="cite_ref-Emsley_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emsley-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Хромните соединенија се наоѓаат во животната средина од <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Ерозија">ерозијата</a> на карпите што содржат хром и може да се прераспределат со вулкански ерупции. Типични концентрации на хром во животната средина се: атмосферата <10 ng m<sup>−3</sup> ; почвата <500 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> ; растителноста <0,5 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> ; слатка вода <10 μg L-<sup>1</sup> ; морската вода <1 μg L-<sup>1</sup> ; седимент <80 mg kg <sup>−1</sup> .<sup id="cite_ref-Rieuwerts_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rieuwerts-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Хром е миниран како <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromite (страницата не постои)">хромит</a> (FeCr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) руда.<sup id="cite_ref-NRC_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NRC-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Околу две петтини од хромните руди и концентрати во светот се произведуваат во Јужна Африка, околу една третина во <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан">Казахстан</a> ,<sup id="cite_ref-Trump-SoHo-Bayrock_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trump-SoHo-Bayrock-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> додека <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Индија">Индија</a> , <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Русија">Русија</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Турција">Турција</a> се исто така значителни продуценти. Неврзаните хромитни насади се обилни, но географски концентрирани во Казахстан и Јужна <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Африка">Африка</a> .<sup id="cite_ref-USGS2015Yb_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS2015Yb-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Иако се ретки, постојат депозити на <a href="/w/index.php?title=Native_metal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Native metal (страницата не постои)">мајчин</a> хром.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> На <a href="/w/index.php?title=Udachnaya_Pipe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Udachnaya Pipe (страницата не постои)">Среќната цевка</a> во Русија произведува примероци од мајчин метал. Овој рудник е <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Кимберлит">кимберлитска</a> цевка, богата со <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Дијамант">дијаманти</a> , и <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Оксидационо-редукциона реакција">редуцирачката околина</a> помогнала да се произведат елементарен хром и <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Дијамант">дијаманти</a> .<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Односот помеѓу Cr (III) и Cr (VI) силно зависи од <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Водороден показател">рН</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Оксидационо-редукциона реакција">оксидативните</a> својства на локацијата. Во повеќето случаи, Cr (III) е доминантен вид,<sup id="cite_ref-Crspeci_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crspeci-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> но во некои области, подземните води можат да содржат до 39 μg/литар вкупен хром од кој 30 μg/литар е Cr (VI). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Историја"><span id=".D0.98.D1.81.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.98.D0.B0"></span>Историја</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Уреди го одделот „Историја“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=edit&section=16" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Историја"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Употреба_во_антиката"><span id=".D0.A3.D0.BF.D0.BE.D1.82.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.B1.D0.B0_.D0.B2.D0.BE_.D0.B0.D0.BD.D1.82.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B0"></span>Употреба во антиката</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Уреди го одделот „Употреба во антиката“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=edit&section=17" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Употреба во антиката"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Хромот првпат бил откриен како елемент откако го <a href="/w/index.php?title=Crocoite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crocoite (страницата не постои)">запознал</a> западниот свет во црвениот кристален минерален <a href="/w/index.php?title=Crocoite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crocoite (страницата не постои)">крокоит</a> (кој е <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lead(II)_chromate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lead(II) chromate (страницата не постои)">олово (II) хромат</a> ). Овој минерал бил откриен во 1761 година и првично бил користен како <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pigment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pigment (страницата не постои)">пигмент</a> ; карактеристичната боја се припишува на хром од внатрешноста на крокоидот. Во денешно време, скоро сите хроми се комерцијално извлечени од единствената одржлива руда за екстензивност и предвидена долгорочна употреба, што е <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromite (страницата не постои)">хромит</a>, кој е железен хром оксид (FeCr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>); хромит сега е главен извор на хром за употреба во пигменти.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Керамички_војни_оружја"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.BC.D0.B8.D1.87.D0.BA.D0.B8_.D0.B2.D0.BE.D1.98.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D0.BE.D1.80.D1.83.D0.B6.D1.98.D0.B0"></span>Керамички војни оружја</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Уреди го одделот „Керамички војни оружја“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=edit&section=18" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Керамички војни оружја"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Оружјето пронајдено во гробните јами кои датираат од крајот на III век п.н.е. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Династијата Чин (страницата не постои)">Династијата Чин</a> од <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Теракотна војска">армијата</a> на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Теракотна војска">Теракот во</a> близина на <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi%27an&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xi'an (страницата не постои)">Сјен</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Народна Република Кина">Кина</a>, било анализирани од страна на археолозите. Иако ова оружје се претпоставувало погребано пред повеќе од два милениуми, античките <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Бронза">бронзени</a> врвови на мечевите и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Самострел">самострелските</a> завртки пронајдени на местото покажале неочекувано мала корозија, веројатно затоа што бронзата била намерно обложена со тенок слој хром оксид.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Сепак, овој слој на оксид кој беше пронајден на оружјето не беше чист метален метал или хромиран облик, како што денес е најчесто произведен, но беше откриен само 10-15 <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Микрометарски винт">μm</a> слој на молекули на хром оксид со до 2% хром, што се покажа да биде доволно за да се заштити бронзата од кородирање.<sup id="cite_ref-Lorch2016_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lorch2016-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Хромот_како_пигмент"><span id=".D0.A5.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.BC.D0.BE.D1.82_.D0.BA.D0.B0.D0.BA.D0.BE_.D0.BF.D0.B8.D0.B3.D0.BC.D0.B5.D0.BD.D1.82"></span>Хромот како пигмент</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Уреди го одделот „Хромот како пигмент“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=edit&section=19" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Хромот како пигмент"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Хром минерали како пигменти дојдоа до внимание на запад во 18 век. На 26 јули 1761 година, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Gottlob_Lehmann_(scientist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Gottlob Lehmann (scientist) (страницата не постои)">Јохан Готлоб Леман</a> пронашол црвено-портокалов минерал во <a href="/w/index.php?title=Beryozovskoye_deposit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beryozovskoye deposit (страницата не постои)">рудниците Бериозовско,</a> на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Урал (планина)">Уралските Планини,</a> кој го именувал <i>сибирското црвено олово</i> .<sup id="cite_ref-Meyer_1962_p._43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyer_1962_p.-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Иако е погрешно идентификуван како <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Олово">олово</a> соединение со компоненти на <a href="/w/index.php?title=Selenium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selenium (страницата не постои)">селен</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE" title="Железо">железо</a>, минералот всушност бил <a href="/w/index.php?title=Crocoite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crocoite (страницата не постои)">крокоит</a> (или <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lead(II)_chromate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lead(II) chromate (страницата не постои)">олово (II) хромат</a> ) со формула на PbCrO<sub>4</sub> .<sup id="cite_ref-ChromiumVI_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChromiumVI-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Во 1770 година, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Петер Симон Палас">Питер Симон Палас ја</a> посетил истата локација како Леман и пронајде црвен оловен минерал кој бил откриен да поседува корисни својства како <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pigment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pigment (страницата не постои)">пигмент</a> во <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paint&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paint (страницата не постои)">бои</a> . По Палас, употребата на сибирското црвено олово како боја пигмент почна брзо да се развива во целиот регион.<sup id="cite_ref-Weeks1932_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weeks1932-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Cut_Ruby.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Cut_Ruby.jpg/220px-Cut_Ruby.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Cut_Ruby.jpg/330px-Cut_Ruby.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Cut_Ruby.jpg 2x" data-file-width="380" data-file-height="336" /></a><figcaption> Црвената боја на рубини е од износот на траги од хром.</figcaption></figure> <p>Во 1794 година, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Nicolas_Vauquelin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Nicolas Vauquelin (страницата не постои)">Луис Никола Вакелин</a> добил примероци од крокоидна <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руда">руда</a> . Тој произведувал <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromium(VI)_oxide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromium(VI) oxide (страницата не постои)">хром триоксид</a> (CrO<sub>3</sub>) со мешање на крокоит со <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Солна киселина">хлороводородна киселина</a> .<sup id="cite_ref-ChromiumVI_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChromiumVI-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Во 1797 година, Ваукелин открил дека може да го изолира металниот хром со загревање на оксидот во јаглен за печење, за што е заслужен како оној кој навистина го открил елементот.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vauquelin, исто така, беше во можност да открие траги од хром во драгоцени скапоцени <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Скапоцен камен">камења</a>, како <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruby&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruby (страницата не постои)">рубин</a> или <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4" title="Смарагд">смарагд</a> .<sup id="cite_ref-ChromiumVI_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChromiumVI-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Во текот на 19 век, хром првенствено се користел не само како компонента на бои, туку и во <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanning_(leather)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanning (leather) (страницата не постои)">солариуми</a> . Веќе извесно време, крокоитата пронајдена во Русија беше главниот извор на таквите материи за штавење. Во 1827 година, во близина на <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Балтимор">Балтимор</a>, Соединетите Американски Држави, беше откриено поголем депозит на хромити, кој многу поадекватно го задоволи побарувачката за сончање со солена вода отколку што беше користена претходно. Ова ги направи САД најголем производител на хром производи до 1848 година, кога беа откриени поголеми депозити на хромити во близина на градот <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Бурса">Бурса</a>, Турција.<sup id="cite_ref-NRC_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NRC-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Хромот е исто така познат по својот рефлективен, метален сјај кога е полиран. Се користи како заштитно и декоративно покритие на делови за автомобилите, апарати за водовод, делови за мебел и многу други предмети, кои обично се применуваат со <a href="/w/index.php?title=Electroplating&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electroplating (страницата не постои)">галванизација</a> . Хром бил користен за галванизација уште во 1848 година, но оваа употреба станала широко распространета со развојот на подобрен процес во 1924 година.<sup id="cite_ref-Crplating_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crplating-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Производство"><span id=".D0.9F.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.B8.D0.B7.D0.B2.D0.BE.D0.B4.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B2.D0.BE"></span>Производство</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Уреди го одделот „Производство“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=edit&section=20" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Производство"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Chrom_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Chrom_1.jpg/220px-Chrom_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Chrom_1.jpg/330px-Chrom_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Chrom_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="417" data-file-height="274" /></a><figcaption> Компонента на хром произведена со <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aluminothermic_reaction&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aluminothermic reaction (страницата не постои)">алуронотермична реакција</a> </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Chromium_-_world_production_trend.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Chromium_-_world_production_trend.svg/220px-Chromium_-_world_production_trend.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Chromium_-_world_production_trend.svg/330px-Chromium_-_world_production_trend.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Chromium_-_world_production_trend.svg/440px-Chromium_-_world_production_trend.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption>Светски тренд на производство на хром</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Chromium_zone_refined_and_1cm3_cube.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chromium_zone_refined_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/220px-Chromium_zone_refined_and_1cm3_cube.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chromium_zone_refined_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/330px-Chromium_zone_refined_and_1cm3_cube.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chromium_zone_refined_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/440px-Chromium_zone_refined_and_1cm3_cube.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3060" /></a><figcaption> Хром, преплавен во хоризонтална лак зона-рафинери, покажувајќи големи видливи кристални зрна</figcaption></figure> <p>Околу 28,8 милиони метрички тони (Mt) на пазарната хромитна руда се произведува во 2013 година и се претвора во 7,5 Mt на ферохром.<sup id="cite_ref-USGS2015Yb_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS2015Yb-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Според Џон Ф. Пап, пишувајќи за USGS, "Ферохромот е крајна употреба на хромитната руда, [и] не’рѓосувачки челик е водечка крајна употреба на ферохром".<sup id="cite_ref-USGS2015Yb_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS2015Yb-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Најголеми производители на хром руда во 2013 година се Јужна Африка (48%), Казахстан (13%), Турција (11%), Индија (10%) и неколку други земји што го произведуваат остатокот од околу 18% од светското производство.<sup id="cite_ref-USGS2015Yb_36-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS2015Yb-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Двата главни производи од рафинирање на хром руди се <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrochromium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferrochromium (страницата не постои)">ферохром</a> и метален хром. За овие производи процесот на топење на руда се разликува значително. За производство на ферохром, хромитната руда (FeCr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) се намалува во големи размери во <a href="/w/index.php?title=Electric_arc_furnace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electric arc furnace (страницата не постои)">електрична печка</a> или во помали топилници со или <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Алуминиум">алуминиум</a> или <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Силициум">силициум</a> во <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aluminothermic_reaction&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aluminothermic reaction (страницата не постои)">алуминитарна реакција</a> .<sup id="cite_ref-IndMin_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndMin-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:World_Chromium_Production_2002.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/World_Chromium_Production_2002.svg/220px-World_Chromium_Production_2002.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/World_Chromium_Production_2002.svg/330px-World_Chromium_Production_2002.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/World_Chromium_Production_2002.svg/440px-World_Chromium_Production_2002.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="415" /></a><figcaption>Изнес на хром руда во 2002 година <sup id="cite_ref-USGS2002Yb_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS2002Yb-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>За производство на чист хром, железото мора да се одвои од хромот во процес на печење и истекување со два чекора. Хромитната руда се загрева со мешавина на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Калциум карбонат">калциум карбонат</a> и <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_carbonate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sodium carbonate (страницата не постои)">натриум карбонат</a> во присуство на воздух. Хромот се оксидира до шеснавалентната форма, додека железото формира стабилен Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. Следните истекувања при повисоки покачени температури ги раствораат <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromate (страницата не постои)">хромати</a> и го оставаат нерастворливиот железен оксид. Хромот се претвора со <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%84%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Сулфурна киселина">сулфурна киселина</a> во дихромат.<sup id="cite_ref-IndMin_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndMin-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>4 FeCr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> + 8 Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> + 7 O<sub>2</sub> → 8 Na<sub>2</sub>CrO<sub>4</sub> + 2 Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> + 8 CO<sub>2</sub></dd></dl> <dl><dd>2 Na<sub>2</sub>CrO<sub>4</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> → Na<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> + Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O</dd></dl> <p>Дихромат се претвора во хром (III) оксид со редукција со јаглерод, а потоа се намалува со алуминиумска реакција на хром.<sup id="cite_ref-IndMin_51-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndMin-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Na<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> + 2 C → Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> + Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> + CO</dd> <dd>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> + 2 Al → Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> + 2 Cr</dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Апликации"><span id=".D0.90.D0.BF.D0.BB.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B0.D1.86.D0.B8.D0.B8"></span>Апликации</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Уреди го одделот „Апликации“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=edit&section=21" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Апликации"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Создавањето на метални легури изнесува 85% од достапната употреба на хром.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Остатокот од хром се користи во <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Хемиска индустрија">хемиските</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Refractory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refractory (страницата не постои)">огноотпорни</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Леарница">леарните</a> индустрии. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Металургија"><span id=".D0.9C.D0.B5.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BB.D1.83.D1.80.D0.B3.D0.B8.D1.98.D0.B0"></span>Металургија</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Уреди го одделот „Металургија“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=edit&section=22" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Металургија"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Besteck_WMF_Stockholm_ca_1960er.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Besteck_WMF_Stockholm_ca_1960er.jpg/220px-Besteck_WMF_Stockholm_ca_1960er.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Besteck_WMF_Stockholm_ca_1960er.jpg/330px-Besteck_WMF_Stockholm_ca_1960er.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Besteck_WMF_Stockholm_ca_1960er.jpg/440px-Besteck_WMF_Stockholm_ca_1960er.jpg 2x" data-file-width="658" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption> Прибор за јаглен од не’рѓосувачки челик направен од Хромарган 18/10, кој содржи 18% хром.</figcaption></figure> <p>Зајакнувањето на ефектот на формирање на стабилни метални карбиди на границите на жито и силното зголемување на отпорноста на корозија го направија хром важен легирање материјал за челик. <a href="/w/index.php?title=High_speed_steel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="High speed steel (страницата не постои)">Челиците со голема брзина</a> содржат помеѓу 3 и 5% хром. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stainless_steel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stainless steel (страницата не постои)">Не’рѓосувачки челик</a>, примарната корозија отпорна легура на метали, се формира кога хром се воведува во <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE" title="Железо">железо</a> во доволни концентрации, обично кога концентрацијата на хром е над 11%.<sup id="cite_ref-Davis_2000_p._54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davis_2000_p.-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> За формирање на не’рѓосувачки челик, ферохромиумот се додава на стопеното железо. Исто така, легурите засновани на никел ја зголемуваат силата поради формирањето на дискретни, стабилни метални карбидни честички на границите на жито. На пример, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inconel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inconel (страницата не постои)">инконел</a> 718 содржи 18,6% хром. Поради одличната висока температура на овие никел <a href="/w/index.php?title=Superalloy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Superalloy (страницата не постои)">суперлајови</a>, тие се користат во <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Млазен мотор">авионски мотори</a> и <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas_turbine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gas turbine (страницата не постои)">гасни турбини</a> наместо вообичаени структурни материјали.<sup id="cite_ref-superal_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-superal-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Motorcycle_Reflections_bw_edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Motorcycle_Reflections_bw_edit.jpg/220px-Motorcycle_Reflections_bw_edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Motorcycle_Reflections_bw_edit.jpg/330px-Motorcycle_Reflections_bw_edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Motorcycle_Reflections_bw_edit.jpg/440px-Motorcycle_Reflections_bw_edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption> Декоративно хромирање на мотоцикл.</figcaption></figure> <p>Релативната висока цврстина и отпорност на корозија на нелегиран хром обезбедува сигурен метал за површинска обвивка; тоа е сè уште најпопуларен метал за обложување на лимови со неговата просечна издржливост во споредба со другите метали за обложување.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Слој на хром се депонира на претходно изработени метални површини со техники на <a href="/w/index.php?title=Electroplating&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electroplating (страницата не постои)">електролизација</a> . Постојат два метода на таложење: тенки и дебели. Течен нанос вклучува слој на хром под 1   μm дебелина депонирана со <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chrome_plating&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chrome plating (страницата не постои)">хромирање</a>, и се користи за декоративни површини. Порамни слоеви на хром се депонираат ако се потребни површини отпорни на абење. Двата методи користат кисели хромати или раствори на <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dichromate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dichromate (страницата не постои)">дихромат</a> . За да се спречи промена на енергијата во оксидационата состојба, употребата на хром (III) сулфат е во развој; за повеќето апликации на хром, се користи претходно воспоставениот процес.<sup id="cite_ref-Crplating_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crplating-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Во процесот на <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromate_conversion_coating&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromate conversion coating (страницата не постои)">премачкување</a> со хроматско претворање, силните оксидативни својства на хромати се користат за депонирање на заштитниот оксиден слој на метали како алуминиум, цинк и кадмиум. Оваа <a href="/w/index.php?title=Passivation_(chemistry)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passivation (chemistry) (страницата не постои)">пасивација</a> и само-лекувачки својства од хромат, складирани во хроматското претворање, која може да мигрира кон локални дефекти, се придобивките од овој метод на обложување.<sup id="cite_ref-Edwards_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edwards-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Поради еколошките и здравствените прописи за хромати, алтернативните методи за обложување се во фаза на развој.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Хромната киселина <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anodizing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anodizing (страницата не постои)">Елоксирање</a> (или тип I Анодизирање) од алуминиумска е уште електрохемиски процес, кој не води до таложење на хром, но користи <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromic acid (страницата не постои)">хромна киселина</a> како електролит во растворот. За време на анодизацијата, на алуминиум се формира оксиден слој. Употребата на хромна киселина, наместо нормално употребената сулфурна киселина, води до мала разлика на овие оксидни слоеви.<sup id="cite_ref-surface_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-surface-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Високата токсичност на соединенијата Cr(VI), која се користи во воспоставениот процес на галванизација на хром, како и зајакнувањето на регулативите за безбедност и заштита на животната средина бараат пребарување на замени за хром или барем промена на помалку токсични соединенија на хром (III).<sup id="cite_ref-Crplating_50-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crplating-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Боја_и_пигмент"><span id=".D0.91.D0.BE.D1.98.D0.B0_.D0.B8_.D0.BF.D0.B8.D0.B3.D0.BC.D0.B5.D0.BD.D1.82"></span>Боја и пигмент</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Уреди го одделот „Боја и пигмент“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=edit&section=23" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Боја и пигмент"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Laidlaw_school_bus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Laidlaw_school_bus.jpg/220px-Laidlaw_school_bus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Laidlaw_school_bus.jpg/330px-Laidlaw_school_bus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Laidlaw_school_bus.jpg/440px-Laidlaw_school_bus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption> Училиштен автобус офарбан во <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chrome_yellow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chrome yellow (страницата не постои)">жолт хром</a> <sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </figcaption></figure> <p>Минералот <a href="/w/index.php?title=Crocoite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crocoite (страницата не постои)">крокоит</a> (кој исто така е <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lead_chromate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lead chromate (страницата не постои)">водечки хромат</a> PbCrO<sub>4</sub>) се користел како жолт пигмент кратко време по неговото откривање. По методот на синтеза кој станал достапен почнувајќи од пообемниот хромит, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chrome_yellow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chrome yellow (страницата не постои)">хром жолта</a>, заедно со <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cadmium_yellow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cadmium yellow (страницата не постои)">кадмиум жолта</a>, е еден од најчесто користените жолти пигменти. Пигментот не фотограѓа, но има тенденција да се затемнува поради формирањето на хром (III) оксид. Таа има силна боја и се користеше за училишните автобуси во <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Соединети Американски Држави">САД</a> и за Поштенската служба (на пример, " <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deutsche_Post&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deutsche Post (страницата не постои)">Дојче Пост"</a> ) во Европа. Употребата на жолт хром оттогаш се намалува поради загриженоста за животната средина и безбедноста и беше заменет со органски пигменти или со други алтернативи кои не содржат олово и хром. Други пигменти кои се засноваат околу хром се, на пример, длабоката нијанса на црвениот пигмент <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chrome_red&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chrome red (страницата не постои)">црвен хром</a>, што е едноставно да доведе хромат со <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lead(II)_hydroxide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lead(II) hydroxide (страницата не постои)">олово (II) хидроксид</a> (PbCrO<sub>4</sub>·Pb(OH)<sub>2</sub>). Многу важен хромат пигмент, кој беше широко користен во формулите на метален прајмер, беше цинковиот хромат, сега заменет со цинк фосфат. Прашокот за миење беше формулиран за да ја замени опасната практика на предтретман на алуминиумски тела на авиони со раствор на фосфорна киселина. Овој цинк тетроксихромат дисперзиран во раствор од <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyvinyl_butyral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polyvinyl butyral (страницата не постои)">поливинил бутирал</a> . 8% раствор на фосфорна киселина во растворувач е додаден непосредно пред апликација. Беше откриено дека лесно оксидираниот алкохол е суштинска состојка. Тенок слој од околу 10-15 μm беше применет, кој се претвори од жолта до темнозелена кога беше излечен. Сè уште постои прашање за точниот механизам. Хром зелена е мешавина од <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Берлинско сино">пруско сина</a> и <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chrome_yellow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chrome yellow (страницата не постои)">хром жолта</a>, додека хром оксид зелен е <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromium(III)_oxide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromium(III) oxide (страницата не постои)">хром (III) оксид</a> .<sup id="cite_ref-Cryel_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cryel-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Оксидите од хром исто така се користат како зелен пигмент во областа на производство на стакло, а исто така и како глазура за керамика.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Зелениот хром оксид е исклучително <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lightfastness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lightfastness (страницата не постои)">лесен</a> и како таков се користи во обоени облоги. Тоа е исто така главната состојка во <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Инфрацрвено зрачење">инфрацрвените</a> бои кои ги користат вооружените сили за да насликаат возила и да им дадат иста инфрацрвена рефлексија како зелени листови.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Синтетички_рубин_и_првиот_ласер"><span id=".D0.A1.D0.B8.D0.BD.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.82.D0.B8.D1.87.D0.BA.D0.B8_.D1.80.D1.83.D0.B1.D0.B8.D0.BD_.D0.B8_.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B2.D0.B8.D0.BE.D1.82_.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.81.D0.B5.D1.80"></span>Синтетички рубин и првиот ласер</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Уреди го одделот „Синтетички рубин и првиот ласер“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=edit&section=24" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Синтетички рубин и првиот ласер"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:5_Maiman_Laser_Components.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Components of original ruby laser." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/5_Maiman_Laser_Components.jpg/220px-5_Maiman_Laser_Components.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/5_Maiman_Laser_Components.jpg/330px-5_Maiman_Laser_Components.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/5_Maiman_Laser_Components.jpg/440px-5_Maiman_Laser_Components.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption> Црвен кристал на рубин ласер</figcaption></figure> <p>Природни <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruby&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruby (страницата не постои)">рубини</a> се <a href="/w/index.php?title=Corundum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corundum (страницата не постои)">корунд</a> (алуминиум оксид) кристали кои се обоени црвено (најретките видови) поради хром (III) јони (други бои на корунди камења се нарекуваат <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Сафир">сафири</a> ). Црвениот вештачки рубин, исто така, може да се постигне со допинг хром (III) во вештачки кораумски кристали, со што се прави хром за барање на синтетички рубини.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Таков синтетички рубин кристал беше основа за првиот <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ласер">ласер</a>, произведен во 1960 година, кој се потпираше на <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stimulated_emission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stimulated emission (страницата не постои)">стимулирана емисија</a> на светлина од атомите на хром во таков кристал. Руби-ласер лазери на 694,3 нанометри, во длабока црвена боја.<sup id="cite_ref-WebbJones2004_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WebbJones2004-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Конзерванси_за_дрво"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.B7.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B2.D0.B0.D0.BD.D1.81.D0.B8_.D0.B7.D0.B0_.D0.B4.D1.80.D0.B2.D0.BE"></span>Конзерванси за дрво</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Уреди го одделот „Конзерванси за дрво“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=edit&section=25" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Конзерванси за дрво"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Поради нивната токсичност, солите на хром (VI) се користат за зачувување на дрво. На пример, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromated_copper_arsenate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromated copper arsenate (страницата не постои)">хроматизираниот бакар арсенат</a> (CCA) се користи за <a href="/w/index.php?title=Timber_treatment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timber treatment (страницата не постои)">третман</a> на <a href="/w/index.php?title=Timber_treatment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timber treatment (страницата не постои)">дрва за</a> да се заштити дрвото од распаѓање на габите, инсекти што го напаѓаат дрвото, вклучувајќи <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Термити">термити</a> и морските сонди.<sup id="cite_ref-Hings_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hings-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Формулациите содржат хром врз основа на оксид CrO<sub>3</sub> помеѓу 35,3% и 65,5%. Во САД, во 1996 година биле користени 65,300 метрички тони ЦЦА решение.<sup id="cite_ref-Hings_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hings-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Тен"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.B5.D0.BD"></span>Тен</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Уреди го одделот „Тен“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=edit&section=26" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Тен"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Соли на хром (III), особено <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chrome_alum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chrome alum (страницата не постои)">хром алум</a> и <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromium(III)_sulfate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromium(III) sulfate (страницата не постои)">хром (III) сулфат</a>, се користат во сончањето на <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leather&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leather (страницата не постои)">кожа</a> . Хром (III) ја стабилизира кожата со вкрстување на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Колаген">колагенските</a> влакна.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Хромирана штавената кожа може да содржи помеѓу 4 и 5% хром, што е цврсто врзано со белковините.<sup id="cite_ref-NRC_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NRC-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Иако форма на хром што се користи за штавење не е токсична шеснавалентна сорта, останува интересот за управување со хром во индустријата за штавење. Опоравување и повторна употреба, директна / индиректна рециклирање,<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> употребата на помалку хром или "хром-помалку" тен се практикува за подобро да се управува со хром во сончањето. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Огноотпорен_материјал"><span id=".D0.9E.D0.B3.D0.BD.D0.BE.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.BF.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BD_.D0.BC.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.98.D0.B0.D0.BB"></span>Огноотпорен материјал</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Уреди го одделот „Огноотпорен материјал“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=edit&section=27" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Огноотпорен материјал"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Високата отпорност на топлина и високиот степен на топење го прават <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromite (страницата не постои)">хромит</a> и хром (III) оксид материјал за огноотпорни апликации со висока температура, како <a href="/w/index.php?title=Blast_furnace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blast furnace (страницата не постои)">високи печки</a>, цементни <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiln&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kiln (страницата не постои)">печки</a>, калапи за отпуштање <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brick (страницата не постои)">тули</a> и како леење песок за <a href="/w/index.php?title=Casting_(metalworking)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Casting (metalworking) (страницата не постои)">лиење</a> на метали. Во овие апликации, огноотпорни материјали се направени од мешаници на хромит и магнезит. Употребата опаѓа поради регулативите за заштита на животната средина поради можноста за формирање на хром (VI).<sup id="cite_ref-IndMin_51-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndMin-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Barnhart1997_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barnhart1997-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Катализатори"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B8.D0.B7.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B8"></span>Катализатори</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Уреди го одделот „Катализатори“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=edit&section=28" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Катализатори"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Неколку хром соединенија се користат како <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Катализа">катализатори</a> за преработка на јаглеводороди. На пример, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phillips_catalyst&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phillips catalyst (страницата не постои)">Филипс катализаторот</a>, подготвен од оксиди на хром, се користи за производство на околу половина од <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyethylene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polyethylene (страницата не постои)">полиетилен</a> во светот.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fe-Cr мешаните оксиди се користат како високотемпературни катализатори за <a href="/w/index.php?title=Water_gas_shift_reaction&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Water gas shift reaction (страницата не постои)">реакцијата на смена</a> на <a href="/w/index.php?title=Water_gas_shift_reaction&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Water gas shift reaction (страницата не постои)">вода</a> .<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Copper_chromite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Copper chromite (страницата не постои)">Бакарниот хромит</a> е корисен катализатор за <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хидрогенизација (страницата не постои)">хидрогенизација</a> .<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Други_намени"><span id=".D0.94.D1.80.D1.83.D0.B3.D0.B8_.D0.BD.D0.B0.D0.BC.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B8"></span>Други намени</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Уреди го одделот „Други намени“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=edit&section=29" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Други намени"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromium(IV)_oxide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromium(IV) oxide (страницата не постои)">Хром (IV) оксид</a> (CrO<sub>2</sub>) е <a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnetism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnetism (страницата не постои)">магнетно</a> соединение. Неговата идеална форма <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anisotropy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anisotropy (страницата не постои)">анизотропија</a>, која дава висока <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coercivity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coercivity (страницата не постои)">коерцијалност</a> и остаток на магнетизација, го направи соединението супериорно од γ-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. Хром (IV) оксид се користи за производство на <a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnetic_tape&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnetic tape (страницата не постои)">магнетна лента која се</a> користи во аудио ленти со високи перформанси и стандардни <a href="/w/index.php?title=Compact_audio_cassette&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Compact audio cassette (страницата не постои)">аудио касети</a> .<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Хромати се додаваат на дупчење кал за да се спречи корозија на челик под влажни услови.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromium(III)_oxide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromium(III) oxide (страницата не постои)">Хром (III) оксид</a> (Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) е метален лак познат како зелен руж.<sup id="cite_ref-DoiMarinescu2011_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DoiMarinescu2011-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromic acid (страницата не постои)">Хромната киселина</a> е моќно средство за оксидација и е корисно средство за чистење лабораториски стаклари од било која трага од органски соединенија. Се подготвува со растворање на <a href="/w/index.php?title=Potassium_dichromate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Potassium dichromate (страницата не постои)">калиум дихромат</a> во концентрирана сулфурна киселина, која потоа се користи за миење на апаратот. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_dichromate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sodium dichromate (страницата не постои)">Натриум дихромат</a> понекогаш се користи поради неговата поголема растворливост (50 g/L наспроти 200 g/L). Употребата на решенијата за чистење на дихромат сега е отстранета поради високата токсичност и загриженоста за животната средина. Современите решенија за чистење се многу ефикасни и без хром.<sup id="cite_ref-Roth1994_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roth1994-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potassium_dichromate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Potassium dichromate (страницата не постои)">Калиум дихромат</a> е хемиски <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reagent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reagent (страницата не постои)">реагенс</a>, кој се користи како титрирачки агенс.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chrome_alum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chrome alum (страницата не постои)">Хром алум</a> е <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromium(III)_potassium_sulfate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromium(III) potassium sulfate (страницата не постои)">хром (III) калиум сулфат</a> и се користи како <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mordant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mordant (страницата не постои)">мешан</a> (т.е. средство за одредување) за бои во ткаенина и во <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanning_(leather)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanning (leather) (страницата не постои)">тен</a> .<sup id="cite_ref-Ul-Islam2017_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ul-Islam2017-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Биолошка_улога"><span id=".D0.91.D0.B8.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.BE.D1.88.D0.BA.D0.B0_.D1.83.D0.BB.D0.BE.D0.B3.D0.B0"></span>Биолошка улога</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Уреди го одделот „Биолошка улога“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=edit&section=30" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Биолошка улога"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Биолошки позитивните ефекти на Хромот (III) продолжуваат да се дебатираат. Некои експерти веруваат дека тие ги одразуваат фармаколошките отколку исхраните одговори, додека други сугерираат дека се несакани ефекти на токсичен метал. Дискусијата е нарушена со елементи на негативност и повремено станува неприкосновена.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Хромот е прифатен од страна на американските национални институти за здравство како елемент во трага за неговите улоги во дејството на <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Инсулин">инсулин</a>, хормон е критичен за метаболизмот и складирањето на јаглехидрати, масти и белковини.<sup id="cite_ref-ods_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ods-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Прецизниот механизам на неговите дејства во телото, сепак, не е целосно дефиниран, оставајќи во прашање дали хром е од суштинско значење за здрави луѓе.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Спротивно на тоа, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hexavalent_chromium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hexavalent chromium (страницата не постои)">хексавалентен хром</a> (Cr(VI) или Cr<sup>6+</sup>) е високо токсичен и <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mutagen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mutagen (страницата не постои)">мутаген</a> кога се вдишува.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Проголтувањето на хром (VI) во вода е поврзано со стомачни тумори, а исто така може да предизвика алергиски <a href="/w/index.php?title=Contact_dermatitis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Contact dermatitis (страницата не постои)">контактен дерматитис</a> (ACD).<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromium_deficiency&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromium deficiency (страницата не постои)">Дефицитот на хром</a>, кој вклучува недостаток на Cr (III) во телото, или можеби некој негов комплекс, како што е <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glucose_tolerance_factor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glucose tolerance factor (страницата не постои)">факторот за толеранција на гликоза,</a> е контроверзен.<sup id="cite_ref-ods_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ods-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Некои студии укажуваат на тоа дека биолошки активната форма на хром (III) се транспортира во телото преку олигопептид наречен <a href="/w/index.php?title=Low-molecular-weight_chromium-binding_substance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Low-molecular-weight chromium-binding substance (страницата не постои)">супстанција што врзува хром со ниска молекуларна тежина</a> (LMWCr), која може да игра улога во инсулинскиот сигнален пат.<sup id="cite_ref-pharmacological1_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pharmacological1-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Содржината на хром во заедничката храна е генерално ниска (1-13 микрограми по порција).<sup id="cite_ref-ods_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ods-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-database_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-database-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Содржината на хром во храната варира во голема мера поради разликите во минералната содржина на почвата, сезоната на растење, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cultivar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cultivar (страницата не постои)">сортата на</a> растенијата и контаминацијата за време на преработката.<sup id="cite_ref-database_87-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-database-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Покрај тоа, хром (и <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Никел">никел</a> ) се истура во храна варена од не’рѓосувачки челик, со најголем ефект кога садот за готвење е нов. Киселината како сос од домати кои се варат многу часови исто така го влошуваат овој ефект.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Диетски_препораки"><span id=".D0.94.D0.B8.D0.B5.D1.82.D1.81.D0.BA.D0.B8_.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BF.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.BA.D0.B8"></span>Диетски препораки</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Уреди го одделот „Диетски препораки“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=edit&section=31" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Диетски препораки"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Постои несогласување за статусот на хром како суштинска хранлива материја. Владините одделенија од Австралија, Нов Зеланд, Индија, Јапонија и САД сметаат дека хром е од суштинско значење <sup id="cite_ref-AustraliaNZ_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AustraliaNZ-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-India_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-India-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Japan_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Japan-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IOM-Chromium_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IOM-Chromium-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> додека <a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Food_Safety_Authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="European Food Safety Authority (страницата не постои)">Европската агенција за безбедностна храна</a> (EFSA), која ја претставува Европската унија, не ја прави.<sup id="cite_ref-EFSA_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EFSA-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Academy_of_Medicine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Academy of Medicine (страницата не постои)">Националната академија за медицина</a> (НАМ) ги ажурираше <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dietary_Reference_Intake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dietary Reference Intake (страницата не постои)">Проценетите просечни барања</a> (ППБ) и <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dietary_Reference_Intake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dietary Reference Intake (страницата не постои)">Препорачаните исхрана</a> (ПИ) за хром во 2001 година. За хром, немаше доволно информации за поставување на ППБ и ПИ, така што нејзините потреби се опишани како проценки за <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dietary_Reference_Intake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dietary Reference Intake (страницата не постои)">соодветни зафати</a> (AIs). Тековните AIs на хром за жени на возраст од 14 до 50 години се 25 μg/ден, а AIs за жени на возраст од 50 и над 20 μg/ден. АIs за жени кои се бремени се 30 μg/ден, а за жени кои лакнуваат, поставените AIs се 45 μg/ден. АИ за мажи на возраст од 14 до 50 години се 35 μg/ден, а AIs за мажи на возраст од 50 и над 30 μg/ден. За деца на возраст од 1 до 13 години, АИ се зголемуваат со возраста од 0,2 μg/ден до 25 μg/ден. Што се однесува до безбедноста, NAM поставува <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dietary_Reference_Intake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dietary Reference Intake (страницата не постои)">толерантни</a> високи <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dietary_Reference_Intake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dietary Reference Intake (страницата не постои)">нивоа на внес</a> (ULs) за витамини и минерали кога доволно докази. Во случај на хром, сè уште нема доволно информации и оттука не е воспоставена Uls. Колективно, ППБ, ПИ, AIs и ULs се параметри за системот за препораки за исхрана познат како <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dietary_Reference_Intake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dietary Reference Intake (страницата не постои)">Упатство за исхрана</a> (DRI).<sup id="cite_ref-IOM-Chromium_93-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IOM-Chromium-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Австралија и Нов Зеланд сметаат дека хром е суштински хранлив материјал, со AI од 35 μg/ден за мажи, 25 μg/ден за жени, 30 μg/ден за жени кои се бремени и 45 μg/ден за жени кои лачат . Uls не е поставена поради недостаток на доволно податоци.<sup id="cite_ref-AustraliaNZ_90-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AustraliaNZ-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Индија смета дека хром е суштински хранлив материјал, при што возрасен препорачал земање од 33 μg/ден.<sup id="cite_ref-India_91-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-India-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Јапонија, исто така, смета дека хром е суштинска хранлива материја, со АIs од 10 μg / ден за возрасни, вклучувајќи жени кои се бремени или доилки. Uls не е направена.<sup id="cite_ref-Japan_92-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Japan-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Меѓутоа, ЕФСА на <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Европска Унија">Европската унија</a> не смета дека хромот е суштинска хранлива супстанција; хромот е единствениот минерал за кој САД и Европската унија не се согласуваат.<sup id="cite_ref-EFSA_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EFSA-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>За целите на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Соединети Американски Држави">Обединетите нации за</a> етикетирање на храна и додаток на исхраната, износот на супстанцијата во служат е изразен како процент од <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reference_Daily_Intake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reference Daily Intake (страницата не постои)">дневната вредност</a> (% ДВ). За целите на етикетирање на хром, 100% од дневната вредност беше 120μg. Од 27 мај 2016 година, процентот на дневна вредност беше ревидиран на 35 μg за да го внесат внесот на хром во консензус со официјалната <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dietary_Reference_Intake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dietary Reference Intake (страницата не постои)">препорачана исхрана</a> .<sup id="cite_ref-FedReg_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FedReg-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Првичниот рок за кој треба да се почитува беше 28 јули 2018 година, но на 29 септември 2017 година, Управата за <a href="/w/index.php?title=Food_and_Drug_Administration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Food and Drug Administration (страницата не постои)">храна и лекови го</a> објави предложеното правило кое го продолжи рокот до 1 јануари 2020 година за големите компании и 1 јануари 2021 година за мали компании.<sup id="cite_ref-FDAdelay_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDAdelay-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Извори_на_храна"><span id=".D0.98.D0.B7.D0.B2.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B8_.D0.BD.D0.B0_.D1.85.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B0"></span>Извори на храна</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Уреди го одделот „Извори на храна“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=edit&section=32" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Извори на храна"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Базите на податоци за составот на храна, како што се оние што ги одржува Министерството за земјоделство во САД, не содржат информации за содржината на хром во храната.<sup id="cite_ref-USDA-Database_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USDA-Database-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Широката разновидност на храна од животинско потекло и зеленчук содржат хром.<sup id="cite_ref-IOM-Chromium_93-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IOM-Chromium-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Содржината по порција е под влијание на содржината на хром во почвата во која се одгледуваат растенијата и преку храна што се хранат со животни; исто така со методи за преработка, бидејќи хром се исфрла во храната ако се преработува или се готви во опрема од не’рѓосувачки челик што содржи хром.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Една студија за анализа на исхраната спроведена во Мексико објави просечен дневен внес на хром од 30 микрограми.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Се проценува дека 31% од возрасните во САД консумираат мулти-витамински / минерални додатоци во исхраната <sup id="cite_ref-Kantor2016_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kantor2016-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> кои често содржат 25 до 60 микрограми хром. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Земање_како_додаток"><span id=".D0.97.D0.B5.D0.BC.D0.B0.D1.9A.D0.B5_.D0.BA.D0.B0.D0.BA.D0.BE_.D0.B4.D0.BE.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.BE.D0.BA"></span>Земање како додаток</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=33" title="Уреди го одделот „Земање како додаток“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=edit&section=33" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Земање како додаток"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Хром е состојка во <a href="/w/index.php?title=Total_parenteral_nutrition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Total parenteral nutrition (страницата не постои)">вкупната парентерална исхрана</a> (ВПИ), бидејќи дефицитот може да се случи по неколку месеци интравенска исхрана со ВПИ без хром. Поради оваа причина, хромот е додаден во ВПИ добитоци, заедно со други траги од минерали.<sup id="cite_ref-Stehle2016_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stehle2016-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Исто така, во прехранбените производи за <a href="/w/index.php?title=Preterm_infant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Preterm infant (страницата не постои)">предвремените деца</a> .<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Иако механизмот во биолошките улоги за хром не е јасен, во Соединетите Американски Држави производите што содржат хром се продаваат како диететски додатоци без рецепт во количини кои се движат од 50 до 1000μg. Помалите количини на хром исто така често се инкорпорираат во мулти-витамински / минерални додатоци консумирани од околу 31% од возрасните во САД.<sup id="cite_ref-Kantor2016_101-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kantor2016-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Хемиските соединенија кои се користат во додатоците во исхраната вклучуваат хром хлорид, хром цитрат, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromium(III)_picolinate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromium(III) picolinate (страницата не постои)">хром (III) пиколинат</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromium_polynicotinate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromium polynicotinate (страницата не постои)">хрониум (III) полиникотинат</a> и други хемиски состави.<sup id="cite_ref-ods_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ods-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Придобивката од додатоците не е докажана.<sup id="cite_ref-ods_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ods-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Vincent2010_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vincent2010-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Одобрени_и_неодобрени_здравствени_барања"><span id=".D0.9E.D0.B4.D0.BE.D0.B1.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D0.B8_.D0.BD.D0.B5.D0.BE.D0.B4.D0.BE.D0.B1.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D0.B7.D0.B4.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.B2.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B2.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D0.B1.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.9A.D0.B0"></span>Одобрени и неодобрени здравствени барања</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=34" title="Уреди го одделот „Одобрени и неодобрени здравствени барања“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=edit&section=34" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Одобрени и неодобрени здравствени барања"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Во 2005 година, американската администрација за храна и лекови одобри квалификувано здравствено барање за хромиран пиколинат со барање за многу специфична ознака: "Една мала студија сугерира дека хром пиколината може да го намали ризикот од отпорност на инсулин и затоа може да го намали ризикот од дијабетес тип 2. Сепак, FDA заклучува дека постоењето на таква врска помеѓу хром пиколинат и резистенција на инсулин или дијабетес тип 2 е мошне неизвесно. " Во исто време, во одговор на другите делови од петицијата, ФДА ги отфрли тврдењата за хром пиколинат и кардиоваскуларни болести, ретинопатија или заболување на бубрезите предизвикани од невообичаено висок крвен шеќер во крвта.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Во 2010 година, хром (III) пиколинат беше одобрен од страна на Здравство Канада за да се користи во додатоците во исхраната. Одобрените изјави за етикети вклучуваат: фактор во одржувањето на добро здравје, обезбедува поддршка за здравиот метаболизам на гликозата, му помага на телото да ги метаболизира јагленохидратите и му помага на телото да ги метаболизира мастите.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Food_Safety_Authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="European Food Safety Authority (страницата не постои)">Европската тело за безбедност на храната</a> (ЕФСА) во 2010 година ги одобри тврдењата дека хром придонесе за нормален метаболизам на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Макрохранливи материи">макрохранливи материи</a> и одржување на нормална концентрација на гликоза во крвта, но ги отфрли тврдењата за одржување или постигнување на нормална телесна тежина или намалување на замор или малаксаност.<sup id="cite_ref-EFSA2010_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EFSA2010-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Дијабетис"><span id=".D0.94.D0.B8.D1.98.D0.B0.D0.B1.D0.B5.D1.82.D0.B8.D1.81"></span>Дијабетис</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=35" title="Уреди го одделот „Дијабетис“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=edit&section=35" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Дијабетис"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Со оглед на доказите за дефицит на хром кои предизвикуваат проблеми со управувањето со гликоза во контекст на интравенски производи за исхрана формулирани без хром,<sup id="cite_ref-Stehle2016_102-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stehle2016-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> истражувачкиот интерес се свртел кон тоа дали додатокот на хром за луѓето кои имаат дијабетес тип 2, но не се дефицитарни со хром, би можеле да имаат корист. Гледајќи ги резултатите од четири мета анализи, еден објави статистички значајно намалување на <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Гликемија">нивоата на гликоза на</a> гладно <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Гликемија">на гладно</a> (ФПГ) и незначаен тренд во долниот <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Гликозилиран хемоглобин">хемоглобин A1C</a> .<sup id="cite_ref-Mauro_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mauro-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Вториот го пријавил истото,<sup id="cite_ref-Abdoll2013_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abdoll2013-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> една третина пријавила значителни намалувања за двете мерки,<sup id="cite_ref-Suk2014_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Suk2014-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> додека четвртиот пријавил нема корист ниту за.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Во прегледот објавен во 2016 година се наведени 53 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Randomized_clinical_trial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Randomized clinical trial (страницата не постои)">рандомизирани клинички испитувања</a> кои беа вклучени во една или повеќе од шест <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Мета-анализа">мета-анализи</a> . Заклучи дека, иако може да има скромни намалувања на ФПГ и / или HbA1C кои постигнуваат статистичка значајност во некои од овие мета-анализи, неколку од постигнатите испитувања се намалуваат доволно големи за да се очекува да бидат релевантни за клиничкиот исход.<sup id="cite_ref-Costello2016_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Costello2016-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Справување_со_тежината"><span id=".D0.A1.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.B2.D1.83.D0.B2.D0.B0.D1.9A.D0.B5_.D1.81.D0.BE_.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.B6.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B0"></span>Справување со тежината</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=36" title="Уреди го одделот „Справување со тежината“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=edit&section=36" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Справување со тежината"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Два <a href="/w/index.php?title=Systematic_review&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Systematic review (страницата не постои)">систематски прегледи ги</a> погледнаа додатоците на хром како средство за раководење со телесната тежина во дебели и дебели луѓе. Една, ограничена на <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromium_picolinate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromium picolinate (страницата не постои)">хром пиколинат</a>, популарна додаток состојка, објави статистички значајни -1,1 кг (2.4 lb) губење на тежината во испитувања подолго од 12 недели.<sup id="cite_ref-Tian2013_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tian2013-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Другите ги вклучуваат сите соединенија на хром и пријавија статистички значаен -0,50 кг (1.1 lb) промена на тежината.<sup id="cite_ref-Onakpoya2013_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Onakpoya2013-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Промената на проценти на телесните масти не достигна статистичка важност. Авторите на двете прегледи ја сметаат клиничката важност за оваа скромна губење на тежината како несигурна / несигурна.<sup id="cite_ref-Tian2013_113-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tian2013-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Onakpoya2013_114-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Onakpoya2013-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Food_Safety_Authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="European Food Safety Authority (страницата не постои)">Европската агенција за здрава храна ја</a> разгледа литературата и заклучи дека нема доволно докази за да се поддржи тврдењето.<sup id="cite_ref-EFSA2010_107-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EFSA2010-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Атлетски_перформанси"><span id=".D0.90.D1.82.D0.BB.D0.B5.D1.82.D1.81.D0.BA.D0.B8_.D0.BF.D0.B5.D1.80.D1.84.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.BC.D0.B0.D0.BD.D1.81.D0.B8"></span>Атлетски перформанси</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=37" title="Уреди го одделот „Атлетски перформанси“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=edit&section=37" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Атлетски перформанси"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Хромот е промовиран како додаток во исхраната за висок спортски перформанс , врз основа на теоријата дека ја потенцира активноста на инсулин, со очекувани резултати од зголемена мускулна маса и побрзо обновување и складирањето на гликоген за време на обновувањето по вежбањето.<sup id="cite_ref-Vincent2010_104-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vincent2010-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Vinvent2003_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vinvent2003-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Прегледот на клиничките испитувања покажа дека додатокот на хром не ги подобрува перформансите на вежбањето или ја зголемува мускулната сила.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Меѓународниот олимписки комитет ги разгледа додатоците во исхраната за високи перформанси спортисти во 2018 година и заклучи дека нема потреба да се зголеми внесот на хром за спортистите, ниту поддршката за тврдењата за губење на телесните масти.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Слатководни_риби"><span id=".D0.A1.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.BA.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.BE.D0.B4.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.B1.D0.B8"></span>Слатководни риби</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=38" title="Уреди го одделот „Слатководни риби“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=edit&section=38" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Слатководни риби"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Хромот е природно присутен во животната средина во износот на траги, но индустриската употреба во производството на гума и не’рѓосувачки челик, хромирање, бои за текстил, кожарници и други употреби ги загадува водни системи. Во <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Бангладеш">Бангладеш</a>, реките во или низводно од индустриските области покажуваат тешка метална контаминација. Стандардите за вода за наводнување за хром се 0,1 mg/L, но некои реки се повеќе од пет пати поголеми од таа количина. Стандардот за риби за исхрана на луѓето е помал од 1 mg/kg, но многу тестирани примероци се повеќе од пет пати поголеми од таа сума.<sup id="cite_ref-Islam2018_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Islam2018-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Хромот, особено хексавалентен хром, е многу токсичен за рибите, бидејќи лесно се апсорбира преку жабрите, лесно влегува во циркулацијата на крвта, ги крши клеточните мембрани и го концентрира кон храната. Спротивно на тоа, токсичноста на тривалентниот хром е многу ниска, се должи на слабата пропустливост на мембраната и малку биомагнификацијата.<sup id="cite_ref-Bakshi2018_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bakshi2018-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Акутната и хроничната изложеност на хром (VI) влијае врз однесувањето на рибите, физиологијата, репродукцијата и опстанокот. Хиперактивност и непредвидливо пливање се пријавени во загадени средини. Навлегувањето на јајцата и преживувањето со прстите се засегнати. Кај возрасни риби има извештаи за хистопатолошко оштетување на црниот дроб, бубрезите, мускулите, цревата и жабрите. Механизмите вклучуваат мутагенско оштетување на ген и нарушување на ензимските функции.<sup id="cite_ref-Bakshi2018_120-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bakshi2018-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Постојат докази дека рибата може да не бара хром, но има корист од измерената количина во исхраната. Во една студија, малолетни риби добиваа тежина на диета нула хром, но додавањето на 500мг хром во форма на хром хлорид или други типови на додатоци, по килограм храна (сува тежина), ја зголеми телесната тежина. На 2.000 μg/kg зголемувањето на телесната тежина не беше подобро отколку со исхраната со нула хром, а имаше и зголемување на паузите на ДНК.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Заштитни_мерки"><span id=".D0.97.D0.B0.D1.88.D1.82.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D0.BC.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.BA.D0.B8"></span>Заштитни мерки</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=39" title="Уреди го одделот „Заштитни мерки“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=edit&section=39" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Заштитни мерки"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Нерастворливи во вода хром (III) соединенија и метал хромот не се сметаат за опасност по здравјето, додека токсичноста и канцерогените својства на хром (VI) се познати подолго време.<sup id="cite_ref-Barceloux_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barceloux-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Поради специфичните транспортни механизми, само ограничени количини на хром (III) влегуваат во клетките. Акутната орална токсичност се движи помеѓу 1,5 и 3,3 mg/kg.<sup id="cite_ref-Katz_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Katz-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Прегледот во 2008 година покажа дека умереното внесување на хром (III) преку додатоци во исхраната не претставува ризик за генетско токсичност.<sup id="cite_ref-Eastmond_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eastmond-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Во САД, Управата <a href="/w/index.php?title=Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Occupational Safety and Health Administration (страницата не постои)">за безбедност и здравје при работа</a> (OSHA) назначи <a href="/w/index.php?title=Permissible_exposure_limit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Permissible exposure limit (страницата не постои)">дозволена граница за изложеност</a> на воздух (PEL) на работното место како временски просек (TWA) од 1 mg/м<sup>3</sup>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (страницата не постои)">Националниот институт за безбедност и здравје</a> при работа (NIOSH) утврди <a href="/w/index.php?title=Recommended_exposure_limit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recommended exposure limit (страницата не постои)">препорачана граница на изложеност</a> (REL) од 0,5 mg/м<sup>3</sup>, временски пондериран просек. <a href="/w/index.php?title=IDLH&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IDLH (страницата не постои)">ИДЛХ</a> (веднаш опасен за животот и здравјето) е 250 mg/м<sup>3</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Токсичност_на_хром_(VI)"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.BE.D0.BA.D1.81.D0.B8.D1.87.D0.BD.D0.BE.D1.81.D1.82_.D0.BD.D0.B0_.D1.85.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.BC_.28VI.29"></span>Токсичност на хром (VI)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=40" title="Уреди го одделот „Токсичност на хром (VI)“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=edit&section=40" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Токсичност на хром (VI)"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Акутната <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Усна празнина">орална</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Toxicity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toxicity (страницата не постои)">токсичност</a> на <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hexavalent_chromium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hexavalent chromium (страницата не постои)">хромот (VI) се</a> движи помеѓу 50 и 150 mg/kg.<sup id="cite_ref-Katz_123-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Katz-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Во телото, хром (VI) е намален со неколку механизми за хром (III) веќе во крвта пред да влезе во клетките. Хром (III) се излачува од телото, додека хроматскиот јон се пренесува во ќелијата преку транспортен механизам, со кој во клетката влегуваат и <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulfate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sulfate (страницата не постои)">сулфатни</a> и <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phosphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phosphate (страницата не постои)">фосфатни</a> јони. Акутната токсичност на хром (VI) се должи на нејзините силни својства на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Оксидационо-редукциона реакција">оксиданс</a> . Откако ќе го достигне крвниот тек, тој ги оштетува бубрезите, црниот дроб и крвните клетки преку реакции на оксидација. Резултат на <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemolysis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hemolysis (страницата не постои)">хемолиза</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3" title="Бубрег">ренални</a> и црниот дроб. Агресивната дијализа може да биде терапевтска.<sup id="cite_ref-Dayan_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dayan-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Канцероген">Канцерогеноста</a> на хроматската прашина е позната подолго време, а во 1890 година првата публикација го опишува зголемениот ризик за рак кај работниците во компанијата за хроматска боја.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Langard_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Langard-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Предложени се три механизми за да се опише <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Генотоксичност">генотоксичноста</a> на хром (VI). Првиот механизам вклучува високо реактивни <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydroxyl_radical&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hydroxyl radical (страницата не постои)">хидроксилни радикали</a> и други реактивни радикали кои се со производи на редукција на хром (VI) на хром (III). Вториот процес вклучува директно поврзување на хром (V), произведен со редукција на клетките и хром (IV) соединенија со <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%9D%D0%9A" title="ДНК">ДНК</a> . Последниот механизам ја припишува генотоксичноста на врзувањето за ДНК на крајниот производ на намалување на хром (III).<sup id="cite_ref-Cohen_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cohen-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Хромните соли (хромати) исто така се причина за <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Алергија">алергиски реакции</a> кај некои луѓе. Хромати често се користат за производство, меѓу другото, на производи од кожа, бои, цемент, малтер и антикорозиви. Контактот со производи кои содржат хромати може да доведат до алергиски <a href="/w/index.php?title=Contact_dermatitis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Contact dermatitis (страницата не постои)">контактен дерматитис</a> и иритантен дерматитис, што резултира со улцерација на кожата, понекогаш нарекувана "хром чирови". Оваа состојба често се наоѓа кај работниците кои биле изложени на силни хроматски раствори кај производителите на галванизација, сончање и производство на хром.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Проблеми_во_животната_средина"><span id=".D0.9F.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.B1.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BC.D0.B8_.D0.B2.D0.BE_.D0.B6.D0.B8.D0.B2.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.BD.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B0_.D1.81.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.B4.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.B0"></span>Проблеми во животната средина</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=41" title="Уреди го одделот „Проблеми во животната средина“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=edit&section=41" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Проблеми во животната средина"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Бидејќи соединенијата на хромот се користат во соединенија на <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paint&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paint (страницата не постои)">бои</a> и <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanning_(leather)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanning (leather) (страницата не постои)">тен на кожа</a>, овие соединенија често се наоѓаат во почвата и <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Подземни води">подземните води</a> на активни и напуштени индустриски земјишта, кои имаат потреба од <a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_cleanup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental cleanup (страницата не постои)">расчистување на животната средина</a> и <a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_remediation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental remediation (страницата не постои)">санација</a> . <a href="/w/index.php?title=Primer_(paint)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Primer (paint) (страницата не постои)">Групата Прајмер</a> која содржи шествалентен хром сè уште е широко користена за <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aerospace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aerospace (страницата не постои)">воздушна</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Автомобил">автомобилска</a> обработка.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Во 2010 година, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_Working_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental Working Group (страницата не постои)">работната група</a> за <a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_Working_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental Working Group (страницата не постои)">животна средина ја</a> тестираше водата за пиење во 35 американски градови во првата студија на национално ниво. Студијата открила мерлив хексавалентен хром во изворската вода од 31 од тестираните градови, со <a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman,_Oklahoma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norman, Oklahoma (страницата не постои)">Норман, Оклахома</a>, на врвот на листата; 25 градови имале нивоа кои го надминале предложениот лимит во Калифорнија.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Наводи"><span id=".D0.9D.D0.B0.D0.B2.D0.BE.D0.B4.D0.B8"></span>Наводи</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=42" title="Уреди го одделот „Наводи“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=edit&section=42" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Наводи"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-IUPAC-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-IUPAC_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ciaaw.org/atomic-weights.htm">Standard Atomic Weights 2013</a>.Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fawcett-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-fawcett_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFawcett,_Eric1988" class="citation journal">Fawcett, Eric (1988). „Spin-density-wave antiferromagnetism in chromium“. <i>Reviews of Modern Physics</i>. <b>60</b>: 209. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988RvMP...60..209F">1988RvMP...60..209F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FRevModPhys.60.209">10.1103/RevModPhys.60.209</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reviews+of+Modern+Physics&rft.atitle=Spin-density-wave+antiferromagnetism+in+chromium&rft.volume=60&rft.pages=209&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FRevModPhys.60.209&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1988RvMP...60..209F&rft.au=Fawcett%2C+Eric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5289462">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBrandesGreenawayStone1956" class="citation journal">Brandes, EA; Greenaway, HT; Stone, HEN (1956). „Ductility in Chromium“. <i>Nature</i>. <b>178</b> (4533): 587. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1956Natur.178..587B">1956Natur.178..587B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F178587a0">10.1038/178587a0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Ductility+in+Chromium&rft.volume=178&rft.issue=4533&rft.pages=587&rft.date=1956&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F178587a0&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1956Natur.178..587B&rft.aulast=Brandes&rft.aufirst=EA&rft.au=Greenaway%2C+HT&rft.au=Stone%2C+HEN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NIST_specular_reflection-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIST_specular_reflection_4-0">4,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIST_specular_reflection_4-1">4,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIST_specular_reflection_4-2">4,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCoblentzStair" class="citation web">Coblentz, WW; Stair, R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/jres/2/jresv2n2p343_A2b.pdf">„Reflecting power of beryllium, chromium, and several other metals“</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>National Institute of Standards and Technology</i>. NIST Publications<span class="reference-accessdate">. Посетено на <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Institute+of+Standards+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Reflecting+power+of+beryllium%2C+chromium%2C+and+several+other+metals&rft.aulast=Coblentz&rft.aufirst=WW&rft.au=Stair%2C+R&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnvlpubs.nist.gov%2Fnistpubs%2Fjres%2F2%2Fjresv2n2p343_A2b.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dxrw%3Dma">χρῶμα</a> , Хенри Џорџ Лидел, Роберт Скот, <i>грчко-англиски лексикон</i> , на Персеј</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ods-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ods_6-0">6,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ods_6-1">6,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ods_6-2">6,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ods_6-3">6,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ods_6-4">6,4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ods_6-5">6,5</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Chromium-HealthProfessional/#h2">„Chromium“</a>. Office of Dietary Supplements, US National Institutes of Health. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Посетено на <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chromium&rft.pub=Office+of+Dietary+Supplements%2C+US+National+Institutes+of+Health&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fods.od.nih.gov%2Ffactsheets%2FChromium-HealthProfessional%2F%23h2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/3845">„Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for chromium“</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Food_Safety_Authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="European Food Safety Authority (страницата не постои)">European Food Safety Authority</a>. 18 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Посетено на <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scientific+Opinion+on+Dietary+Reference+Values+for+chromium&rft.pub=European+Food+Safety+Authority&rft.date=2014-09-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.efsa.europa.eu%2Fen%2Fefsajournal%2Fpub%2F3845&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CasaXPS-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CasaXPS_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">„The Nature of X-Ray Photoelectron Spectra“. <i>CasaXPS</i>. Casa Software Ltd. 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CasaXPS&rft.atitle=The+Nature+of+X-Ray+Photoelectron+Spectra&rft.date=2005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-hidden-error error citation-comment">Отсутно или празно <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88:CS1_errors#cite_web_url" class="mw-redirect" title="Помош:CS1 errors">help</a>); </span><span class="cs1-hidden-error error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|access-date=</code> бара <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88:CS1_errors#accessdate_missing_url" class="mw-redirect" title="Помош:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSchwarz2010" class="citation journal">Schwarz, W. H. Eugen (April 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210503133206/http://www.quimica.ufpr.br/edulsa/cq115/artigos/The_full_story_of_the_electron_configurations_of_the_transition_elements.pdf">„The Full Story of the Electron Configurations of the Transition Elements“</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Chemical Education</i>. <b>87</b> (4): 444–8. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fed8001286">10.1021/ed8001286</a>. Архивирано од <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.quimica.ufpr.br/edulsa/cq115/artigos/The_full_story_of_the_electron_configurations_of_the_transition_elements.pdf">изворникот</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> на 2021-05-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Посетено на <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Education&rft.atitle=The+Full+Story+of+the+Electron+Configurations+of+the+Transition+Elements&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=444-8&rft.date=2010-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fed8001286&rft.aulast=Schwarz&rft.aufirst=W.+H.+Eugen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.quimica.ufpr.br%2Fedulsa%2Fcq115%2Fartigos%2FThe_full_story_of_the_electron_configurations_of_the_transition_elements.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenwood1004-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood1004_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Гринвуд и Ерншоу, стр. 1004-5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ISU_infrared-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ISU_infrared_12-0">11,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ISU_infrared_12-1">11,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLind1972" class="citation web">Lind, Michael Acton (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6216&context=rtd">„The infrared reflectivity of chromium and chromium-aluminium alloys“</a>. <i>Iowa State University Digital Repository</i>. Iowa State University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Посетено на <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Iowa+State+University+Digital+Repository&rft.atitle=The+infrared+reflectivity+of+chromium+and+chromium-aluminium+alloys&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Lind&rft.aufirst=Michael+Acton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flib.dr.iastate.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D6216%26context%3Drtd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ISU_optical-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ISU_optical_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBos1969" class="citation web">Bos, Laurence William (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4816&context=rtd">„Optical properties of chromium-manganese alloys“</a>. <i>Iowa State University Digital Repository</i>. Iowa State University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Посетено на <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Iowa+State+University+Digital+Repository&rft.atitle=Optical+properties+of+chromium-manganese+alloys&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Bos&rft.aufirst=Laurence+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flib.dr.iastate.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D4816%26context%3Drtd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWallwork1976" class="citation journal">Wallwork, GR (1976). „The oxidation of alloys“. <i>Reports on Progress in Physics</i>. <b>39</b> (5): 401–485. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1976RPPh...39..401W">1976RPPh...39..401W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0034-4885%2F39%2F5%2F001">10.1088/0034-4885/39/5/001</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reports+on+Progress+in+Physics&rft.atitle=The+oxidation+of+alloys&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=401-485&rft.date=1976&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F0034-4885%2F39%2F5%2F001&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1976RPPh...39..401W&rft.aulast=Wallwork&rft.aufirst=GR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HollemanAF-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-HollemanAF_15-0">14,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-HollemanAF_15-1">14,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-HollemanAF_15-2">14,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-HollemanAF_15-3">14,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-HollemanAF_15-4">14,4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-HollemanAF_15-5">14,5</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-HollemanAF_15-6">14,6</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-HollemanAF_15-7">14,7</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHollemanWiberWiberg1985" class="citation book">Holleman, Arnold F; Wiber, Egon; Wiberg, Nils (1985). <i>Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie</i>. Chromium (германски) (91–100. изд.). Walter de Gruyter. стр. 1081–1095. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80/978-3-11-007511-3" title="Специјална:ПечатенИзвор/978-3-11-007511-3"><bdi>978-3-11-007511-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lehrbuch+der+Anorganischen+Chemie&rft.pages=1081-1095&rft.edition=91%E2%80%93100&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-3-11-007511-3&rft.aulast=Holleman&rft.aufirst=Arnold+F&rft.au=Wiber%2C+Egon&rft.au=Wiberg%2C+Nils&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Research_Council_(U.S.)._Committee_on_Coatings1970" class="citation book">National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Coatings (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=CGMrAAAAYAAJ"><i>High-temperature oxidation-resistant coatings: coatings for protection from oxidation of superalloys, refractory metals, and graphite</i></a>. National Academy of Sciences. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80/978-0-309-01769-5" title="Специјална:ПечатенИзвор/978-0-309-01769-5"><bdi>978-0-309-01769-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=High-temperature+oxidation-resistant+coatings%3A+coatings+for+protection+from+oxidation+of+superalloys%2C+refractory+metals%2C+and+graphite&rft.pub=National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=978-0-309-01769-5&rft.au=National+Research+Council+%28U.S.%29.+Committee+on+Coatings&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DCGMrAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NUBASE-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NUBASE_17-0">16,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NUBASE_17-1">16,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGeorgesBersillonBlachotWapstra2003" class="citation journal">Georges, Audi; Bersillon, O; Blachot, J; Wapstra, AH (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hal.in2p3.fr/in2p3-00014184">„The NUBASE Evaluation of Nuclear and Decay Properties“</a>. <i>Nuclear Physics A</i>. <b>729</b> (1): 3–128. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.nuclphysa.2003.11.001">10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nuclear+Physics+A&rft.atitle=The+NUBASE+Evaluation+of+Nuclear+and+Decay+Properties&rft.volume=729&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3-128&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.nuclphysa.2003.11.001&rft.aulast=Georges&rft.aufirst=Audi&rft.au=Bersillon%2C+O&rft.au=Blachot%2C+J&rft.au=Wapstra%2C+AH&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhal.in2p3.fr%2Fin2p3-00014184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www-nds.iaea.org/relnsd/vcharthtml/VChartHTML.html">„Live Chart of Nuclides“</a>. <i>International Atomic Energy Agency - Nuclear Data Section</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Посетено на <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Atomic+Energy+Agency+-+Nuclear+Data+Section&rft.atitle=Live+Chart+of+Nuclides&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww-nds.iaea.org%2Frelnsd%2Fvcharthtml%2FVChartHTML.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53Mn53Cr-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-53Mn53Cr_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBirckRotaruAllegre1999" class="citation journal">Birck, JL; Rotaru, M; Allegre, C (1999). „<sup>53</sup>Mn-<sup>53</sup>Cr evolution of the early solar system“. <i>Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta</i>. <b>63</b> (23–24): 4111–4117. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999GeCoA..63.4111B">1999GeCoA..63.4111B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0016-7037%2899%2900312-9">10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00312-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geochimica+et+Cosmochimica+Acta&rft.atitle=%3Csup%3E53%3C%2Fsup%3EMn-%3Csup%3E53%3C%2Fsup%3ECr+evolution+of+the+early+solar+system&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=23%E2%80%9324&rft.pages=4111-4117&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0016-7037%2899%2900312-9&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1999GeCoA..63.4111B&rft.aulast=Birck&rft.aufirst=JL&rft.au=Rotaru%2C+M&rft.au=Allegre%2C+C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFreiGaucherPoultonCanfield2009" class="citation journal">Frei, Robert; Gaucher, Claudio; Poulton, Simon W; Canfield, Don E (2009). „Fluctuations in Precambrian atmospheric oxygenation recorded by chromium isotopes“. <i>Nature</i>. <b>461</b> (7261): 250–253. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature08266">10.1038/nature08266</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19741707">19741707</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Fluctuations+in+Precambrian+atmospheric+oxygenation+recorded+by+chromium+isotopes&rft.volume=461&rft.issue=7261&rft.pages=250-253&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature08266&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19741707&rft.aulast=Frei&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Gaucher%2C+Claudio&rft.au=Poulton%2C+Simon+W&rft.au=Canfield%2C+Don+E&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crspeci-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Crspeci_21-0">20,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Crspeci_21-1">20,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKotaśStasicka2000" class="citation journal">Kotaś, J; Stasicka, Z (2000). „Chromium occurrence in the environment and methods of its speciation“. <i>Environmental Pollution</i>. <b>107</b> (3): 263–283. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0269-7491%2899%2900168-2">10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00168-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15092973">15092973</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution&rft.atitle=Chromium+occurrence+in+the+environment+and+methods+of+its+speciation&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=263-283&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0269-7491%2899%2900168-2&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15092973&rft.aulast=Kota%C5%9B&rft.aufirst=J&rft.au=Stasicka%2C+Z&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-medusa-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-medusa_22-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Puigdomenech, Ignasi <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kth.se/che/medusa"><i>Hydra/Medusa Chemical Equilibrium Database and Plotting Software</i></a> <small>[{{{1}}} Архивирано] на {{{2}}}.</small> (2004) KTH Royal Institute of Technology</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFClark" class="citation web">Clark, Jim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemguide.co.uk/inorganic/redox/oxidnstates.html">„Oxidation states (oxidation numbers)“</a>. <i>Chemguide</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Посетено на <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chemguide&rft.atitle=Oxidation+states+%28oxidation+numbers%29&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chemguide.co.uk%2Finorganic%2Fredox%2Foxidnstates.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenwood-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood_24-0">23,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood_24-1">23,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGreenwoodEarnshaw1997" class="citation book">Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). <i>Chemistry of the Elements</i> (2. изд.). Butterworth-Heinemann. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80/0080379419" title="Специјална:ПечатенИзвор/0080379419"><bdi>0080379419</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemistry+of+the+Elements&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Butterworth-Heinemann&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0080379419&rft.aulast=Greenwood&rft.aufirst=Norman++N.&rft.au=Earnshaw%2C+Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npi.gov.au/resource/chromium-iii-compounds">„Chromium(III) compounds“</a>. <i>National Pollutant Inventory</i>. Commonwealth of Australia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Посетено на <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Pollutant+Inventory&rft.atitle=Chromium%28III%29+compounds&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.npi.gov.au%2Fresource%2Fchromium-iii-compounds&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAssfalgBanciBertiniBruschi2002" class="citation journal">Assfalg, M; Banci, L; Bertini, I; Bruschi, M; Michel, C; Giudici-Orticoni, M; Turano, P (31 July 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1lm2">„NMR structural characterization of the reduction of chromium(VI) to chromium(III) by cytochrome c7“</a>. <i>Protein Data Bank</i> (1LM2). <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2210%2Fpdb1LM2%2Fpdb">10.2210/pdb1LM2/pdb</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Посетено на <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Protein+Data+Bank&rft.atitle=NMR+structural+characterization+of+the+reduction+of+chromium%28VI%29+to+chromium%28III%29+by+cytochrome+c7&rft.issue=1LM2&rft.date=2002-07-31&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2210%2Fpdb1LM2%2Fpdb&rft.aulast=Assfalg&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Banci%2C+L&rft.au=Bertini%2C+I&rft.au=Bruschi%2C+M&rft.au=Michel%2C+C&rft.au=Giudici-Orticoni%2C+M&rft.au=Turano%2C+P&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rcsb.org%2Fstructure%2F1lm2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHaxhillazi2003" class="citation web">Haxhillazi, Gentiana (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180928120925/https://dokumentix.ub.uni-siegen.de/opus/volltexte/2006/52/">„Preparation, Structure and Vibrational Spectroscopy of Tetraperoxo Complexes of Cr<sup>V+</sup>, V<sup>V+</sup>, Nb<sup>V+</sup> and Ta<sup>V+</sup>“</a>. PhD thesis, University of Siegen. Архивирано од <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dokumentix.ub.uni-siegen.de/opus/volltexte/2006/52/">изворникот</a> на 2018-09-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Посетено на <span class="nowrap">2019-02-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Preparation%2C+Structure+and+Vibrational+Spectroscopy+of+Tetraperoxo+Complexes+of+Cr%3Csup%3EV%2B%3C%2Fsup%3E%2C+V%3Csup%3EV%2B%3C%2Fsup%3E%2C+Nb%3Csup%3EV%2B%3C%2Fsup%3E+and+Ta%3Csup%3EV%2B%3C%2Fsup%3E&rft.pub=PhD+thesis%2C+University+of+Siegen&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Haxhillazi&rft.aufirst=Gentiana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdokumentix.ub.uni-siegen.de%2Fopus%2Fvolltexte%2F2006%2F52%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCottonWalton1993" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=F._Albert_Cotton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="F. Albert Cotton (страницата не постои)">Cotton, FA</a>; Walton, RA (1993). <i>Multiple Bonds Between Metal Atoms</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80/978-0-19-855649-7" title="Специјална:ПечатенИзвор/978-0-19-855649-7"><bdi>978-0-19-855649-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Multiple+Bonds+Between+Metal+Atoms&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-19-855649-7&rft.aulast=Cotton&rft.aufirst=FA&rft.au=Walton%2C+RA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNguyenSuttonBryndaFettinger2005" class="citation journal">Nguyen, T; Sutton, AD; Brynda, M; Fettinger, JC; Long, GJ; Power, PP (2005). „Synthesis of a stable compound with fivefold bonding between two chromium(I) centers“. <i>Science</i>. <b>310</b> (5749): 844–847. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1116789">10.1126/science.1116789</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16179432">16179432</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Synthesis+of+a+stable+compound+with+fivefold+bonding+between+two+chromium%28I%29+centers&rft.volume=310&rft.issue=5749&rft.pages=844-847&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1116789&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16179432&rft.aulast=Nguyen&rft.aufirst=T&rft.au=Sutton%2C+AD&rft.au=Brynda%2C+M&rft.au=Fettinger%2C+JC&rft.au=Long%2C+GJ&rft.au=Power%2C+PP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" class="citation web">National Center for Biotechnology Information. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Chromium_hexacarbonyl">„Chromium carbonyl“</a>. <i>Pubхем</i>. National Institute for Health<span class="reference-accessdate">. Посетено на <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pub%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC&rft.atitle=Chromium+carbonyl&rft.au=National+Center+for+Biotechnology+Information&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fcompound%2FChromium_hexacarbonyl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Emsley-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Emsley_32-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFEmsley2001" class="citation book">Emsley, John (2001). <i>Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements</i>. Chromium. Oxford, England, UK: Oxford University Press. стр. 495–498. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80/978-0-19-850340-8" title="Специјална:ПечатенИзвор/978-0-19-850340-8"><bdi>978-0-19-850340-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nature%27s+Building+Blocks%3A+An+A-Z+Guide+to+the+Elements&rft.place=Oxford%2C+England%2C+UK&rft.pages=495-498&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-850340-8&rft.aulast=Emsley&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rieuwerts-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Rieuwerts_33-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Rieuwerts2017" class="citation book">John Rieuwerts (14 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XHAGCAAAQBAJ"><i>The Elements of Environmental Pollution</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80/978-1-135-12679-7" title="Специјална:ПечатенИзвор/978-1-135-12679-7"><bdi>978-1-135-12679-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Elements+of+Environmental+Pollution&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2017-07-14&rft.isbn=978-1-135-12679-7&rft.au=John+Rieuwerts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXHAGCAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NRC-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NRC_34-0">32,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NRC_34-1">32,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NRC_34-2">32,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Research_Council_(U.S.)._Committee_on_Biologic_Effects_of_Atmospheric_Pollutants1974" class="citation book">National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Biologic Effects of Atmospheric Pollutants (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id">= ZZsrAAAAYAAJ <i>Chromium</i></a><span class="cs1-hidden-error error citation-comment"> Проверете ја вредноста <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88:CS1_errors#bad_url" class="mw-redirect" title="Помош:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>. National Academy of Sciences. стр. 155. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80/978-0-309-02217-0" title="Специјална:ПечатенИзвор/978-0-309-02217-0"><bdi>978-0-309-02217-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chromium&rft.pages=155&rft.pub=National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-0-309-02217-0&rft.au=National+Research+Council+%28U.S.%29.+Committee+on+Biologic+Effects+of+Atmospheric+Pollutants&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid+%3D+ZZsrAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9C%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Википедија:Мртви врски">мртва врска</a></i>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Trump-SoHo-Bayrock-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Trump-SoHo-Bayrock_35-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFChampion2018" class="citation web">Champion, Marc (11 Jan 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2018-01-11/how-a-trump-soho-partner-ended-up-with-toxic-mining-riches-from-kazakhstan">„How a Trump SoHo Partner Ended Up With Toxic Mining Riches From Kazakhstan“</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloomberg_L.P.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bloomberg L.P. (страницата не постои)">Bloomberg L.P.</a><span class="reference-accessdate"> Посетено на <span class="nowrap">21 Jan</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+a+Trump+SoHo+Partner+Ended+Up+With+Toxic+Mining+Riches+From+Kazakhstan&rft.pub=Bloomberg+L.P.&rft.date=2018-01-11&rft.aulast=Champion&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Ffeatures%2F2018-01-11%2Fhow-a-trump-soho-partner-ended-up-with-toxic-mining-riches-from-kazakhstan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USGS2015Yb-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-USGS2015Yb_36-0">34,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-USGS2015Yb_36-1">34,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-USGS2015Yb_36-2">34,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-USGS2015Yb_36-3">34,3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPapp" class="citation web">Papp, John F. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/chromium/mcs-2015-chrom.pdf">„Mineral Yearbook 2015: Chromium“</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. United States Geological Survey<span class="reference-accessdate">. Посетено на <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mineral+Yearbook+2015%3A+Chromium&rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&rft.aulast=Papp&rft.aufirst=John+F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fminerals.usgs.gov%2Fminerals%2Fpubs%2Fcommodity%2Fchromium%2Fmcs-2015-chrom.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFleischer1982" class="citation journal">Fleischer, Michael (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.minsocam.org/ammin/AM67/AM67_854.pdf">„New Mineral Names“</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>American Mineralogist</i>. <b>67</b>: 854–860.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Mineralogist&rft.atitle=New+Mineral+Names&rft.volume=67&rft.pages=854-860&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Fleischer&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.minsocam.org%2Fammin%2FAM67%2FAM67_854.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mindat.org/min-1037.html">Хром</a> (со податоци за локација), Mindat</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mindat.org/locentry-27628.html">Хром од цевката Ударная-Восточная, Далдын, Далдын-Алакит кимберлито поле, Саха республика (Јакутија), Источно-Сибирски регион, Русија</a> , Минд</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCasteran" class="citation web">Casteran, Rene. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/chromite_mining/#.W7K-TWhKiyJ">„Chromite mining“</a>. <i>Oregon Encyclopedia</i>. Portland State University and the Oregon Historical Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. Посетено на <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oregon+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Chromite+mining&rft.aulast=Casteran&rft.aufirst=Rene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foregonencyclopedia.org%2Farticles%2Fchromite_mining%2F%23.W7K-TWhKiyJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cotterell, Maurice. (2004). <i>The Terracotta Warriors: The Secret Codes of the Emperor's Army</i>. Rochester: Bear and Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80/1-59143-033-X" title="Специјална:ПечатенИзвор/1-59143-033-X">1-59143-033-X</a>. Page 102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lorch2016-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Lorch2016_42-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLorch2016" class="citation web">Lorch, Mark (2 Feb 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/from-chrome-plating-to-nanotubes-the-modern-chemistry-first-used-in-ancient-times-54009">„From chrome plating to nanotubes: the 'modern' chemistry first used in ancient times“</a>. <i>The Conversation</i>. The Conversation US Inc<span class="reference-accessdate">. Посетено на <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Conversation&rft.atitle=From+chrome+plating+to+nanotubes%3A+the+%27modern%27+chemistry+first+used+in+ancient+times&rft.date=2016-02-02&rft.aulast=Lorch&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Ffrom-chrome-plating-to-nanotubes-the-modern-chemistry-first-used-in-ancient-times-54009&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Meyer_1962_p.-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Meyer_1962_p._43-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMeyer1962" class="citation book">Meyer, RJ (1962). <i>Chrom : Teil A - Lieferung 1. Geschichtliches · Vorkommen · Technologie · Element bis Physikalische Eigenschaften</i> (германски). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg Imprint Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80/978-3-662-11865-8" title="Специјална:ПечатенИзвор/978-3-662-11865-8"><bdi>978-3-662-11865-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/913810356">913810356</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chrom+%3A+Teil+A+-+Lieferung+1.+Geschichtliches+%C2%B7+Vorkommen+%C2%B7+Technologie+%C2%B7+Element+bis+Physikalische+Eigenschaften&rft.place=Berlin%2C+Heidelberg&rft.pub=Springer+Berlin+Heidelberg+Imprint+Springer&rft.date=1962&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F913810356&rft.isbn=978-3-662-11865-8&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=RJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLehmanni1766" class="citation book">Lehmanni, Iohannis Gottlob (1766). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10226162-6"><i>De Nova Minerae Plumbi Specie Crystallina Rubra, Epistola</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+Nova+Minerae+Plumbi+Specie+Crystallina+Rubra%2C+Epistola&rft.date=1766&rft.aulast=Lehmanni&rft.aufirst=Iohannis+Gottlob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdz-nbn-resolving.de%2Furn%2Fresolver.pl%3Furn%3Durn%3Anbn%3Ade%3Abvb%3A12-bsb10226162-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ChromiumVI-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ChromiumVI_45-0">43,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ChromiumVI_45-1">43,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ChromiumVI_45-2">43,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGuertin,_JacquesJacobs,_James_AlanAvakian,_Cynthia_P.2005" class="citation book">Guertin, Jacques; Jacobs, James Alan & Avakian, Cynthia P. (2005). <i>Chromium (VI) Handbook</i>. CRC Press. стр. 7–11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80/978-1-56670-608-7" title="Специјална:ПечатенИзвор/978-1-56670-608-7"><bdi>978-1-56670-608-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chromium+%28VI%29+Handbook&rft.pages=7-11&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-56670-608-7&rft.au=Guertin%2C+Jacques&rft.au=Jacobs%2C+James+Alan&rft.au=Avakian%2C+Cynthia+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weeks1932-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Weeks1932_46-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWeeks1932" class="citation journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Elvira_Weeks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Elvira Weeks (страницата не постои)">Weeks, Mary Elvira</a> (1932). „The discovery of the elements. V. Chromium, molybdenum, tungsten and uranium“. <i>Journal of Chemical Education</i>. <b>9</b> (3): 459–73. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fed009p459">10.1021/ed009p459</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0021-9584">0021-9584</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Education&rft.atitle=The+discovery+of+the+elements.+V.+Chromium%2C+molybdenum%2C+tungsten+and+uranium&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=459-73&rft.date=1932&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fed009p459&rft.issn=0021-9584&rft.aulast=Weeks&rft.aufirst=Mary+Elvira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFVauquelin1798" class="citation journal">Vauquelin, Louis Nicolas (1798). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6dgPAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA145#v=onepage&q&f=false">„Memoir on a New Metallic Acid which exists in the Red Lead of Siberia“</a>. <i>Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, and the Arts</i>. <b>3</b>: 145–146.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Natural+Philosophy%2C+Chemistry%2C+and+the+Arts&rft.atitle=Memoir+on+a+New+Metallic+Acid+which+exists+in+the+Red+Lead+of+Siberia&rft.volume=3&rft.pages=145-146&rft.date=1798&rft.aulast=Vauquelin&rft.aufirst=Louis+Nicolas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6dgPAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA145%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGlenn1895" class="citation journal">Glenn, William (1895). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.31822008815672;view=1up;seq=542">„Chrome in the Southern Appalachian Region“</a>. <i>Transactions of the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers</i>. <b>25</b>: 482.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+American+Institute+of+Mining%2C+Metallurgical+and+Petroleum+Engineers&rft.atitle=Chrome+in+the+Southern+Appalachian+Region&rft.volume=25&rft.pages=482&rft.date=1895&rft.aulast=Glenn&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Duc1.31822008815672%3Bview%3D1up%3Bseq%3D542&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFvan_der_Krogt" class="citation web">van der Krogt, Peter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elements.vanderkrogt.net/element.php?sym=Cr">„Chromium“</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Посетено на <span class="nowrap">24 Aug</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chromium&rft.aulast=van+der+Krogt&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felements.vanderkrogt.net%2Felement.php%3Fsym%3DCr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crplating-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Crplating_50-0">48,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Crplating_50-1">48,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Crplating_50-2">48,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDennisSuch1993" class="citation book">Dennis, JK; Such, TE (1993). <i>Nickel and Chromium Plating</i>. History of Chromium Plating. Woodhead Publishing. стр. 9–12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80/978-1-85573-081-6" title="Специјална:ПечатенИзвор/978-1-85573-081-6"><bdi>978-1-85573-081-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nickel+and+Chromium+Plating&rft.pages=9-12&rft.pub=Woodhead+Publishing&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-1-85573-081-6&rft.aulast=Dennis&rft.aufirst=JK&rft.au=Such%2C+TE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IndMin-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-IndMin_51-0">49,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-IndMin_51-1">49,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-IndMin_51-2">49,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-IndMin_51-3">49,3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPapp,_John_F.Lipin,_Bruce_R.2006" class="citation book">Papp, John F. & Lipin, Bruce R. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=zNicdkuulE4C&pg=PA309"><i>Industrial Minerals & Rocks: Commodities, Markets, and Uses</i></a>. Chromite (7. изд.). SME. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80/978-0-87335-233-8" title="Специјална:ПечатенИзвор/978-0-87335-233-8"><bdi>978-0-87335-233-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Industrial+Minerals+%26+Rocks%3A+Commodities%2C+Markets%2C+and+Uses&rft.edition=7&rft.pub=SME&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-87335-233-8&rft.au=Papp%2C+John+F.&rft.au=Lipin%2C+Bruce+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DzNicdkuulE4C%26pg%3DPA309&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USGS2002Yb-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-USGS2002Yb_52-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPapp" class="citation web">Papp, John F. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/chromium/chrommyb02.pdf">„Mineral Yearbook 2002: Chromium“</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. United States Geological Survey<span class="reference-accessdate">. Посетено на <span class="nowrap">16 Feb</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mineral+Yearbook+2002%3A+Chromium&rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&rft.aulast=Papp&rft.aufirst=John+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fminerals.usgs.gov%2Fminerals%2Fpubs%2Fcommodity%2Fchromium%2Fchrommyb02.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMorrisonMurphy2010" class="citation book">Morrison, RD; Murphy, BL (4 Aug 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=k_-0-DWxuRgC&pg=PA83&dq=metal+alloys+account+for+85%25+of+chromium+use#v=onepage&q=metal%20alloys%20account%20for%2085%25%20of%20chromium%20use&f=false"><i>Environmental Forensics: Contaminant Specific Guide</i></a> (англиски). Academic Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80/9780080494784" title="Специјална:ПечатенИзвор/9780080494784"><bdi>9780080494784</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Environmental+Forensics%3A+Contaminant+Specific+Guide&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2010-08-04&rft.isbn=9780080494784&rft.aulast=Morrison&rft.aufirst=RD&rft.au=Murphy%2C+BL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Dk_-0-DWxuRgC%26pg%3DPA83%26dq%3Dmetal%2Balloys%2Baccount%2Bfor%2B85%2525%2Bof%2Bchromium%2Buse%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dmetal%2520alloys%2520account%2520for%252085%2525%2520of%2520chromium%2520use%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davis_2000_p.-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Davis_2000_p._54-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDavis2000" class="citation book">Davis, JR (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210701021614/https://www.asminternational.org/documents/10192/1849770/06940G_Chapter_1.pdf/53f29213-5dd6-4499-9959-841477b385b9"><i>Alloy digest sourcebook : stainless steels</i></a> (африканс). Materials Park, OH: ASM International. стр. 1–5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80/978-0-87170-649-2" title="Специјална:ПечатенИзвор/978-0-87170-649-2"><bdi>978-0-87170-649-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/43083287">43083287</a>. Архивирано од <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asminternational.org/documents/10192/1849770/06940G_Chapter_1.pdf/53f29213-5dd6-4499-9959-841477b385b9">изворникот</a> на 2021-07-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Посетено на <span class="nowrap">2019-04-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alloy+digest+sourcebook+%3A+stainless+steels&rft.place=Materials+Park%2C+OH&rft.pages=1-5&rft.pub=ASM+International&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F43083287&rft.isbn=978-0-87170-649-2&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=JR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asminternational.org%2Fdocuments%2F10192%2F1849770%2F06940G_Chapter_1.pdf%2F53f29213-5dd6-4499-9959-841477b385b9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-superal-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-superal_55-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBhadeshia" class="citation web">Bhadeshia, HK. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060825053006/http://www.msm.cam.ac.uk/phase-trans/2003/Superalloys/superalloys.html">„Nickel-Based Superalloys“</a>. University of Cambridge. Архивирано од <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.msm.cam.ac.uk/phase-trans/2003/Superalloys/superalloys.html">изворникот</a> на 25 August 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Посетено на <span class="nowrap">17 Feb</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nickel-Based+Superalloys&rft.pub=University+of+Cambridge&rft.aulast=Bhadeshia&rft.aufirst=HK&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.msm.cam.ac.uk%2Fphase-trans%2F2003%2FSuperalloys%2Fsuperalloys.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBreitsameter2002" class="citation web">Breitsameter, M (2002-08-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=1576">„Thermal Spraying versus Hard Chrome Plating“</a>. <i>Azo Materials</i>. AZoNetwork<span class="reference-accessdate">. Посетено на <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Azo+Materials&rft.atitle=Thermal+Spraying+versus+Hard+Chrome+Plating&rft.date=2002-08-15&rft.aulast=Breitsameter&rft.aufirst=M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.azom.com%2Farticle.aspx%3FArticleID%3D1576&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Edwards-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Edwards_57-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFEdwards1997" class="citation book">Edwards, J (1997). <i>Coating and Surface Treatment Systems for Metals</i>. Finishing Publications Ltd. and ASMy International. стр. 66–71. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80/978-0-904477-16-0" title="Специјална:ПечатенИзвор/978-0-904477-16-0"><bdi>978-0-904477-16-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coating+and+Surface+Treatment+Systems+for+Metals&rft.pages=66-71&rft.pub=Finishing+Publications+Ltd.+and+ASMy+International&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-904477-16-0&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-58">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720032734/https://kb.osu.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/1811/36519/55_FrankelG_EffectsChromateChromateConversion_2001_p51-57.pdf%3Bjsessionid%3D79F700B63A8774ACE6A18AEFE4D9C4D1?sequence=1">„Effects of chromate and chromate conversion coatings on corrosion of aluminum alloy 2024-T3“</a>. <i>Surface and Coatings Technology</i>. <b>140</b> (1): 51–57. 2001. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0257-8972%2801%2901003-9">10.1016/S0257-8972(01)01003-9</a>. Архивирано од <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kb.osu.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/1811/36519/55_FrankelG_EffectsChromateChromateConversion_2001_p51-57.pdf;jsessionid=79F700B63A8774ACE6A18AEFE4D9C4D1?sequence=1">изворникот</a> на 20 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Surface+and+Coatings+Technology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+chromate+and+chromate+conversion+coatings+on+corrosion+of+aluminum+alloy+2024-T3&rft.volume=140&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=51-57&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0257-8972%2801%2901003-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkb.osu.edu%2Fdspace%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F1811%2F36519%2F55_FrankelG_EffectsChromateChromateConversion_2001_p51-57.pdf%3Bjsessionid%3D79F700B63A8774ACE6A18AEFE4D9C4D1%3Fsequence%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-surface-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-surface_59-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCotellSpragueSmidt1994" class="citation book">Cotell, CM; Sprague, JA; Smidt, FA (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=RGtsPjqUwy0C&pg=PA484"><i>ASM Handbook: Surface Engineering</i></a>. ASM International. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80/978-0-87170-384-2" title="Специјална:ПечатенИзвор/978-0-87170-384-2"><bdi>978-0-87170-384-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Посетено на <span class="nowrap">17 Feb</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ASM+Handbook%3A+Surface+Engineering&rft.pub=ASM+International&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-87170-384-2&rft.aulast=Cotell&rft.aufirst=CM&rft.au=Sprague%2C+JA&rft.au=Smidt%2C+FA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DRGtsPjqUwy0C%26pg%3DPA484&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWorobecHogue,_Cheryl1992" class="citation book">Worobec, Mary Devine; Hogue, Cheryl (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=CjWQ6_7AnI4C&pg=PA13"><i>Toxic Substances Controls Guide: Federal Regulation of Chemicals in the Environment</i></a>. Washington, D.C.: BNA Books. стр. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80/978-0-87179-752-0" title="Специјална:ПечатенИзвор/978-0-87179-752-0"><bdi>978-0-87179-752-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Toxic+Substances+Controls+Guide%3A+Federal+Regulation+of+Chemicals+in+the+Environment&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=BNA+Books&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-87179-752-0&rft.aulast=Worobec&rft.aufirst=Mary+Devine&rft.au=Hogue%2C+Cheryl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DCjWQ6_7AnI4C%26pg%3DPA13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cryel-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Cryel_61-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGettens1966" class="citation book">Gettens, Rutherford John (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=bdQVgKWl3f4C&pg=PA106"><i>Painting Materials: A Short Encyclopaedia</i></a>. Chrome yellow. Courier Dover Publications. стр. 105–106. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80/978-0-486-21597-6" title="Специјална:ПечатенИзвор/978-0-486-21597-6"><bdi>978-0-486-21597-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Painting+Materials%3A+A+Short+Encyclopaedia&rft.pages=105-106&rft.pub=Courier+Dover+Publications&rft.date=1966&rft.isbn=978-0-486-21597-6&rft.aulast=Gettens&rft.aufirst=Rutherford+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DbdQVgKWl3f4C%26pg%3DPA106&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gerd Anger et al. "Chromium Compounds" Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2005, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Назнака за дигитални објекти">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2F14356007.a07_067">10.1002/14356007.a07_067</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMarrion2004" class="citation book">Marrion, Alastair (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Iz0RQK0oMWUC&pg=PA287"><i>The chemistry and physics of coatings</i></a>. Royal Society of Chemistry. стр. 287–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80/978-0-85404-604-1" title="Специјална:ПечатенИзвор/978-0-85404-604-1"><bdi>978-0-85404-604-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+chemistry+and+physics+of+coatings&rft.pages=287-&rft.pub=Royal+Society+of+Chemistry&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-85404-604-1&rft.aulast=Marrion&rft.aufirst=Alastair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIz0RQK0oMWUC%26pg%3DPA287&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMossNewnham1964" class="citation journal">Moss, SC; Newnham, RE (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/zk/vol120/ZK120_359.pdf">„The chromium position in ruby“</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Zeitschrift für Kristallographie</i>. <b>120</b> (4–5): 359–363. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1964ZK....120..359M">1964ZK....120..359M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1524%2Fzkri.1964.120.4-5.359">10.1524/zkri.1964.120.4-5.359</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+Kristallographie&rft.atitle=The+chromium+position+in+ruby&rft.volume=120&rft.issue=4%E2%80%935&rft.pages=359-363&rft.date=1964&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1524%2Fzkri.1964.120.4-5.359&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1964ZK....120..359M&rft.aulast=Moss&rft.aufirst=SC&rft.au=Newnham%2C+RE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frruff.geo.arizona.edu%2Fdoclib%2Fzk%2Fvol120%2FZK120_359.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WebbJones2004-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-WebbJones2004_65-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWebbJones2004" class="citation book">Webb, Colin E; Jones, Julian DC (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DEgn44m6OREC&pg=PA323"><i>Handbook of Laser Technology and Applications: Laser design and laser systems</i></a>. CRC Press. стр. 323–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80/978-0-7503-0963-9" title="Специјална:ПечатенИзвор/978-0-7503-0963-9"><bdi>978-0-7503-0963-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Laser+Technology+and+Applications%3A+Laser+design+and+laser+systems&rft.pages=323-&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7503-0963-9&rft.aulast=Webb&rft.aufirst=Colin+E&rft.au=Jones%2C+Julian+DC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDEgn44m6OREC%26pg%3DPA323&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hings-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Hings_66-0">64,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Hings_66-1">64,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHingstonCollinsMurphyLester2001" class="citation journal">Hingston, J; Collins, CD; Murphy, RJ; Lester, JN (2001). „Leaching of chromated copper arsenate wood preservatives: a review“. <i>Environmental Pollution</i>. <b>111</b> (1): 53–66. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0269-7491%2800%2900030-0">10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00030-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11202715">11202715</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution&rft.atitle=Leaching+of+chromated+copper+arsenate+wood+preservatives%3A+a+review&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=53-66&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0269-7491%2800%2900030-0&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11202715&rft.aulast=Hingston&rft.aufirst=J&rft.au=Collins%2C+CD&rft.au=Murphy%2C+RJ&rft.au=Lester%2C+JN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBrown1997" class="citation journal">Brown, EM (1997). „A Conformational Study of Collagen as Affected by Tanning Procedures“. <i>Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association</i>. <b>92</b>: 225–233.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Leather+Chemists+Association&rft.atitle=A+Conformational+Study+of+Collagen+as+Affected+by+Tanning+Procedures&rft.volume=92&rft.pages=225-233&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=EM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSreeramRamasami2003" class="citation journal">Sreeram, K.; Ramasami, T. (2003). „Sustaining tanning process through conservation, recovery and better utilization of chromium“. <i>Resources, Conservation and Recycling</i>. <b>38</b> (3): 185–212. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0921-3449%2802%2900151-9">10.1016/S0921-3449(02)00151-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Resources%2C+Conservation+and+Recycling&rft.atitle=Sustaining+tanning+process+through+conservation%2C+recovery+and+better+utilization+of+chromium&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=185-212&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0921-3449%2802%2900151-9&rft.aulast=Sreeram&rft.aufirst=K.&rft.au=Ramasami%2C+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barnhart1997-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Barnhart1997_69-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBarnhart1997" class="citation journal">Barnhart, Joel (1997). „Occurrences, Uses, and Properties of Chromium“. <i>Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology</i>. <b>26</b> (1): S3–S7. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1006%2Frtph.1997.1132">10.1006/rtph.1997.1132</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0273-2300">0273-2300</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Occurrences%2C+Uses%2C+and+Properties+of+Chromium&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=S3-S7&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1006%2Frtph.1997.1132&rft.issn=02732300&rft.aulast=Barnhart&rft.aufirst=Joel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-70">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWeckhuysenSchoonheydt1999" class="citation journal">Weckhuysen, Bert M; Schoonheydt, Robert A (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/21357/weckh_99_olefinpolymerization.pdf">„Olefin polymerization over supported chromium oxide catalysts“</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Catalysis Today</i>. <b>51</b> (2): 215–221. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0920-5861%2899%2900046-2">10.1016/S0920-5861(99)00046-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Catalysis+Today&rft.atitle=Olefin+polymerization+over+supported+chromium+oxide+catalysts&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=215-221&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0920-5861%2899%2900046-2&rft.aulast=Weckhuysen&rft.aufirst=Bert+M&rft.au=Schoonheydt%2C+Robert+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdspace.library.uu.nl%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F1874%2F21357%2Fweckh_99_olefinpolymerization.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-71">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTwigg1989" class="citation book">Twigg, MVE (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YlJRAAAAMAAJ"><i>Catalyst Handbook</i></a>. The Water-Gas Shift Reaction. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80/978-0-7234-0857-4" title="Специјална:ПечатенИзвор/978-0-7234-0857-4"><bdi>978-0-7234-0857-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catalyst+Handbook&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-7234-0857-4&rft.aulast=Twigg&rft.aufirst=MVE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYlJRAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-72">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRhodesHutchingsWard1995" class="citation journal">Rhodes, C; Hutchings, GJ; Ward, AM (1995). „Water-gas shift reaction: Finding the mechanistic boundary“. <i>Catalysis Today</i>. <b>23</b>: 43–58. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0920-5861%2894%2900135-O">10.1016/0920-5861(94)00135-O</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Catalysis+Today&rft.atitle=Water-gas+shift+reaction%3A+Finding+the+mechanistic+boundary&rft.volume=23&rft.pages=43-58&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0920-5861%2894%2900135-O&rft.aulast=Rhodes&rft.aufirst=C&rft.au=Hutchings%2C+GJ&rft.au=Ward%2C+AM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-73">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLazierArnold1939" class="citation journal">Lazier, WA; Arnold, HR (1939). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orgsyn.org/demo.aspx?prep=CV2P0142">„Copper Chromite Catalyst“</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organic_Syntheses&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organic Syntheses (страницата не постои)">Organic Syntheses</a></i>. <b>19</b>: 31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Organic+Syntheses&rft.atitle=Copper+Chromite+Catalyst&rft.volume=19&rft.pages=31&rft.date=1939&rft.aulast=Lazier&rft.aufirst=WA&rft.au=Arnold%2C+HR&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orgsyn.org%2Fdemo.aspx%3Fprep%3DCV2P0142&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462">; <cite class="citation"><i>Collective Volume</i>, <b>2</b>, стр. 142</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Collective+Volume&rft.pages=142&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-74">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMallinson1993" class="citation book">Mallinson, John C. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=rNifWsBxnWkC&pg=PA32"><i>The foundations of magnetic recording</i></a>. Chromium Dioxide. Academic Press. стр. 32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80/978-0-12-466626-9" title="Специјална:ПечатенИзвор/978-0-12-466626-9"><bdi>978-0-12-466626-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+foundations+of+magnetic+recording&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-12-466626-9&rft.aulast=Mallinson&rft.aufirst=John+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DrNifWsBxnWkC%26pg%3DPA32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-75">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGarverick1994" class="citation book">Garverick, Linda (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=qTfNZZRO758C&pg=PA278"><i>Corrosion in the Petrochemical Industry</i></a>. ASM International. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80/978-0-87170-505-1" title="Специјална:ПечатенИзвор/978-0-87170-505-1"><bdi>978-0-87170-505-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Corrosion+in+the+Petrochemical+Industry&rft.pub=ASM+International&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-87170-505-1&rft.aulast=Garverick&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DqTfNZZRO758C%26pg%3DPA278&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DoiMarinescu2011-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-DoiMarinescu2011_76-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFToshiro_DoiIoan_D._MarinescuSyuhei_Kurokawa2011" class="citation book">Toshiro Doi; Ioan D. Marinescu; Syuhei Kurokawa (30 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LJH9rYdKTZwC&pg=PA60"><i>Advances in CMP Polishing Technologies</i></a>. William Andrew. стр. 60–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80/978-1-4377-7860-1" title="Специјална:ПечатенИзвор/978-1-4377-7860-1"><bdi>978-1-4377-7860-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Advances+in+CMP+Polishing+Technologies&rft.pages=60-&rft.pub=William+Andrew&rft.date=2011-11-30&rft.isbn=978-1-4377-7860-1&rft.au=Toshiro+Doi&rft.au=Ioan+D.+Marinescu&rft.au=Syuhei+Kurokawa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLJH9rYdKTZwC%26pg%3DPA60&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-77">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBaralEngelken2002" class="citation journal">Baral, Anil; Engelken, Robert D. (2002). „Chromium-based regulations and greening in metal finishing industries in the USA“. <i>Environmental Science & Policy</i>. <b>5</b> (2): 121–133. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS1462-9011%2802%2900028-X">10.1016/S1462-9011(02)00028-X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Policy&rft.atitle=Chromium-based+regulations+and+greening+in+metal+finishing+industries+in+the+USA&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=121-133&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS1462-9011%2802%2900028-X&rft.aulast=Baral&rft.aufirst=Anil&rft.au=Engelken%2C+Robert+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Roth1994-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Roth1994_78-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRoth1994" class="citation book">Roth, Alexander (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sdKAPJh5RgQC&pg=PA118"><i>Vacuum Sealing Techniques</i></a>. Springer Science & Business Media. стр. 118–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80/978-1-56396-259-2" title="Специјална:ПечатенИзвор/978-1-56396-259-2"><bdi>978-1-56396-259-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vacuum+Sealing+Techniques&rft.pages=118-&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-1-56396-259-2&rft.aulast=Roth&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsdKAPJh5RgQC%26pg%3DPA118&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ul-Islam2017-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ul-Islam2017_79-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFShahid_Ul-Islam2017" class="citation book">Shahid Ul-Islam (18 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jYMtDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA74"><i>Plant-Based Natural Products: Derivatives and Applications</i></a>. Wiley. стр. 74–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80/978-1-119-42388-1" title="Специјална:ПечатенИзвор/978-1-119-42388-1"><bdi>978-1-119-42388-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Plant-Based+Natural+Products%3A+Derivatives+and+Applications&rft.pages=74-&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2017-07-18&rft.isbn=978-1-119-42388-1&rft.au=Shahid+Ul-Islam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjYMtDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA74&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-80">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFVincent2013" class="citation book">Vincent, JB (2013). Astrid Sigel; Helmut Sigel; Roland KO Sigel (уред.). <i>Interrelations between Essential Metal Ions and Human Diseases</i>. Chapter 6. Chromium: Is It Essential, Pharmacologically Relevant, or Toxic?. Metal Ions in Life Sciences. <b>13</b>. Springer. стр. 171–198. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-94-007-7500-8_6">10.1007/978-94-007-7500-8_6</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80/978-94-007-7499-5" title="Специјална:ПечатенИзвор/978-94-007-7499-5"><bdi>978-94-007-7499-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24470092">24470092</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Interrelations+between+Essential+Metal+Ions+and+Human+Diseases&rft.series=Metal+Ions+in+Life+Sciences&rft.pages=171-198&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24470092&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-94-007-7500-8_6&rft.isbn=978-94-007-7499-5&rft.aulast=Vincent&rft.aufirst=JB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-81">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMaret2019" class="citation book">Maret, Wolfgang (2019). Sigel, Astrid; Freisinger, Eva; Sigel, Roland K. O.; Carver, Peggy L. (уред.). <i>Essential Metals in Medicine:Therapeutic Use and Toxicity of Metal Ions in the Clinic</i>. Chapter 9. Chromium Supplementation in Human Health, Metabolic Syndrome, and Diabetes. <i>Metal Ions in Life Sciences</i>. <b>19</b>. Berlin: de Gruyter GmbH. стр. 231–251. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783110527872-015">10.1515/9783110527872-015</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80/978-3-11-052691-2" title="Специјална:ПечатенИзвор/978-3-11-052691-2"><bdi>978-3-11-052691-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Essential+Metals+in+Medicine%3ATherapeutic+Use+and+Toxicity+of+Metal+Ions+in+the+Clinic&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pages=231-251&rft.pub=de+Gruyter+GmbH&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9783110527872-015&rft.isbn=978-3-11-052691-2&rft.aulast=Maret&rft.aufirst=Wolfgang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-82">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFEuropean_Food_Safety_Authority2014" class="citation journal">European Food Safety Authority (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/3845">„Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for chromium“</a>. <i>EFSA Journal</i>. <b>12</b> (10): 3845. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2903%2Fj.efsa.2014.3845">10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3845</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EFSA+Journal&rft.atitle=Scientific+Opinion+on+Dietary+Reference+Values+for+chromium&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=3845&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2903%2Fj.efsa.2014.3845&rft.au=European+Food+Safety+Authority&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.efsa.europa.eu%2Fen%2Fefsajournal%2Fpub%2F3845&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-83">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">„Chromium is not an essential trace element for mammals: effects of a "low-chromium" diet“. <i>J Biol Inorg хем</i>. <b>16</b> (3): 381–390. 2011. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00775-010-0734-y">10.1007/s00775-010-0734-y</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21086001">21086001</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J+Biol+Inorg+%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC&rft.atitle=Chromium+is+not+an+essential+trace+element+for+mammals%3A+effects+of+a+%22low-chromium%22+diet&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=381-390&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00775-010-0734-y&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21086001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-84">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWiseWise2012" class="citation journal">Wise, SS; Wise, JP, Sr (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4138963">„Chromium and genomic stability“</a>. <i>Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis</i>. <b>733</b> (1–2): 78–82. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.mrfmmm.2011.12.002">10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2011.12.002</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Слободен пристап"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4138963">4138963</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22192535">22192535</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research%2FFundamental+and+Molecular+Mechanisms+of+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Chromium+and+genomic+stability&rft.volume=733&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=78-82&rft.date=2012&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4138963&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22192535&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.mrfmmm.2011.12.002&rft.aulast=Wise&rft.aufirst=SS&rft.au=Wise%2C+JP%2C+Sr&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4138963&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-85">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140708162618/http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaqs/TF.asp?id=61&tid=17">„ToxFAQs: Chromium“</a>. Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (страницата не постои)">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a>. Feb 2001. Архивирано од <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaqs/TF.asp?id=61&tid=17">изворникот</a> на 8 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Посетено на <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ToxFAQs%3A+Chromium&rft.pub=Agency+for+Toxic+Substances+%26+Disease+Registry%2C+Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention&rft.date=2001-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atsdr.cdc.gov%2Ftoxfaqs%2FTF.asp%3Fid%3D61%26tid%3D17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pharmacological1-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-pharmacological1_86-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFVincent2015" class="citation journal">Vincent, JB (2015). „Is the Pharmacological Mode of Action of Chromium(III) as a Second Messenger?“. <i>Biological Trace Element Research</i>. <b>166</b> (1): 7–12. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12011-015-0231-9">10.1007/s12011-015-0231-9</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25595680">25595680</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+Trace+Element+Research&rft.atitle=Is+the+Pharmacological+Mode+of+Action+of+Chromium%28III%29+as+a+Second+Messenger%3F&rft.volume=166&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=7-12&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs12011-015-0231-9&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25595680&rft.aulast=Vincent&rft.aufirst=JB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-database-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-database_87-0">85,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-database_87-1">85,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFThorHarnackKingJasthi2011" class="citation journal">Thor, MY; Harnack, L; King, D; Jasthi, B; Pettit, J (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3467697">„Evaluation of the comprehensiveness and reliability of the chromium composition of foods in the literature“</a>. <i>Journal of Food Composition Analysis</i>. <b>24</b> (8): 1147–1152. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jfca.2011.04.006">10.1016/j.jfca.2011.04.006</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Слободен пристап"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3467697">3467697</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23066174">23066174</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Composition+Analysis&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+comprehensiveness+and+reliability+of+the+chromium+composition+of+foods+in+the+literature&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=1147-1152&rft.date=2011&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3467697&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23066174&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jfca.2011.04.006&rft.aulast=Thor&rft.aufirst=MY&rft.au=Harnack%2C+L&rft.au=King%2C+D&rft.au=Jasthi%2C+B&rft.au=Pettit%2C+J&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3467697&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-88">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKamerud_KLHobbie_KAAnderson_KA2013" class="citation journal">Kamerud KL; Hobbie KA; Anderson KA (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4284091">„Stainless steel leaches nickel and chromium into foods during cooking“</a>. <i>Journal of Agric Food Chemistry</i>. <b>61</b> (39): 9495–9501. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fjf402400v">10.1021/jf402400v</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Слободен пристап"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4284091">4284091</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23984718">23984718</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agric+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Stainless+steel+leaches+nickel+and+chromium+into+foods+during+cooking&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=39&rft.pages=9495-9501&rft.date=2013&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4284091&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23984718&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fjf402400v&rft.au=Kamerud+KL&rft.au=Hobbie+KA&rft.au=Anderson+KA&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4284091&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-89">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFlint_GNPackirisamy_S1997" class="citation journal">Flint GN; Packirisamy S (1997). „Purity of food cooked in stainless steel utensils“. <i>Food Addit Contam</i>. <b>14</b> (2): 115–126. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02652039709374506">10.1080/02652039709374506</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9102344">9102344</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Addit+Contam&rft.atitle=Purity+of+food+cooked+in+stainless+steel+utensils&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=115-126&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02652039709374506&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9102344&rft.au=Flint+GN&rft.au=Packirisamy+S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AustraliaNZ-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-AustraliaNZ_90-0">88,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-AustraliaNZ_90-1">88,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nrv.gov.au/nutrients/chromium">„Chromium“</a>. <i>Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand</i>. 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Посетено на <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nutrient+Reference+Values+for+Australia+and+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=Chromium&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrv.gov.au%2Fnutrients%2Fchromium&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-India-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-India_91-0">89,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-India_91-1">89,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160615094048/http://icmr.nic.in/final/RDA-2010.pdf#">„Nutrient Requirements and Recommended Dietary Allowances for Indians: A Report of the Expert Group of the Indian Council of Medical Research. pp.283-295 (2009)“</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Архивирано од <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://icmr.nic.in/final/rda-2010.pdf">изворникот</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> на 15 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Посетено на <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nutrient+Requirements+and+Recommended+Dietary+Allowances+for+Indians%3A+A+Report+of+the+Expert+Group+of+the+Indian+Council+of+Medical+Research.+pp.283-295+%282009%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ficmr.nic.in%2Ffinal%2Frda-2010.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Japan-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Japan_92-0">90,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Japan_92-1">90,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mhlw.go.jp/file/06-Seisakujouhou-10900000-Kenkoukyoku/Overview.pdf">„DRIs for Chromium (μg/day)“</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Overview of Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese</i>. 2015. стр. 41<span class="reference-accessdate">. Посетено на <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Overview+of+Dietary+Reference+Intakes+for+Japanese&rft.atitle=DRIs+for+Chromium+%28%CE%BCg%2Fday%29&rft.pages=41&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mhlw.go.jp%2Ffile%2F06-Seisakujouhou-10900000-Kenkoukyoku%2FOverview.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IOM-Chromium-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-IOM-Chromium_93-0">91,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-IOM-Chromium_93-1">91,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-IOM-Chromium_93-2">91,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK222329/">„Chromium. IN: Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Chromium, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Chromium“</a>. <i>Institute of Medicine (U.S.) Panel on Micronutrients, National Academy Press</i>. 2001. стр. 197–223<span class="reference-accessdate">. Посетено на <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Institute+of+Medicine+%28U.S.%29+Panel+on+Micronutrients%2C+National+Academy+Press&rft.atitle=Chromium.+IN%3A+Dietary+Reference+Intakes+for+Vitamin+A%2C+Vitamin+K%2C+Arsenic%2C+Boron%2C+Chromium%2C+Chromium%2C+Iodine%2C+Iron%2C+Manganese%2C+Molybdenum%2C+Nickel%2C+Silicon%2C+Vanadium%2C+and+Chromium&rft.pages=197-223&rft.date=2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbooks%2FNBK222329%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EFSA-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-EFSA_94-0">92,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-EFSA_94-1">92,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.efsa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/assets/DRV_Summary_tables_jan_17.pdf">„Overview on Dietary Reference Values for the EU population as derived by the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies“</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Overview+on+Dietary+Reference+Values+for+the+EU+population+as+derived+by+the+EFSA+Panel+on+Dietetic+Products%2C+Nutrition+and+Allergies&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.efsa.europa.eu%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fassets%2FDRV_Summary_tables_jan_17.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-95">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efsa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/efsa_rep/blobserver_assets/ndatolerableuil.pdf"><i>Tolerable Upper Intake Levels For Vitamins And Minerals</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, European Food Safety Authority, 2006</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tolerable+Upper+Intake+Levels+For+Vitamins+And+Minerals&rft.pub=European+Food+Safety+Authority&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.efsa.europa.eu%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fefsa_rep%2Fblobserver_assets%2Fndatolerableuil.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FedReg-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FedReg_96-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2016-05-27/pdf/2016-11867.pdf">„Federal Register May 27, 2016 Food Labeling: Revision of the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels. FR page 33982“</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Federal+Register+May+27%2C+2016+Food+Labeling%3A+Revision+of+the+Nutrition+and+Supplement+Facts+Labels.+FR+page+33982&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gpo.gov%2Ffdsys%2Fpkg%2FFR-2016-05-27%2Fpdf%2F2016-11867.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FDAdelay-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FDAdelay_97-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/GuidanceDocumentsRegulatoryInformation/LabelingNutrition/ucm385663.htm#dates">„Changes to the Nutrition Facts Label - Compliance Date“</a>. <i>U.S. Food and Drug Administration</i>. 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Посетено на <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.atitle=Changes+to+the+Nutrition+Facts+Label+-+Compliance+Date&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2FFood%2FGuidanceRegulation%2FGuidanceDocumentsRegulatoryInformation%2FLabelingNutrition%2Fucm385663.htm%23dates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USDA-Database-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-USDA-Database_98-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331020442/https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/search/list?home=true">„USDA Food Composition Databases“</a>. <i>United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service</i>. April 2018. Архивирано од <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/search/list?home=true">изворникот</a> на 2019-03-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Посетено на <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Department+of+Agriculture+Agricultural+Research+Service&rft.atitle=USDA+Food+Composition+Databases&rft.date=2018-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fndb.nal.usda.gov%2Fndb%2Fsearch%2Flist%3Fhome%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-99">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite id="CITEREFKumpulainen1992" class="citation journal">Kumpulainen, JT (1992). „Chromium content of foods and diets“. <i>Biological Trace Element Research</i>. <b>32</b> (1–3): 9–18. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02784582">10.1007/BF02784582</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1375091">1375091</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+Trace+Element+Research&rft.atitle=Chromium+content+of+foods+and+diets&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1%E2%80%933&rft.pages=9-18&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF02784582&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1375091&rft.aulast=Kumpulainen&rft.aufirst=JT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-100">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGrijalva_HaroBallesteros_VázquezCabrera_Pacheco2001" class="citation journal">Grijalva Haro, MI; Ballesteros Vázquez, MN; Cabrera Pacheco, RM (2001). „Chromium content in foods and dietary intake estimation in the Northwest of Mexico“. <i>Arch Latinoam Nutr</i> (шпански). <b>51</b> (1): 105–110. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11515227">11515227</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arch+Latinoam+Nutr&rft.atitle=Chromium+content+in+foods+and+dietary+intake+estimation+in+the+Northwest+of+Mexico&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=105-110&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11515227&rft.aulast=Grijalva+Haro&rft.aufirst=MI&rft.au=Ballesteros+V%C3%A1zquez%2C+MN&rft.au=Cabrera+Pacheco%2C+RM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kantor2016-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kantor2016_101-0">99,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kantor2016_101-1">99,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKantorRehmDuWhite2017" class="citation journal">Kantor, Elizabeth D; Rehm, Colin D; Du, Mengmeng; White, Emily; Giovannucci, Edward L (11 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5540241">„Trends in Dietary Supplement Use Among US Adults From 1999-2012“</a>. <i>JAMA</i>. <b>316</b> (14): 1464–1474. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1001%2Fjama.2016.14403">10.1001/jama.2016.14403</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Слободен пристап"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5540241">5540241</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27727382">27727382</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=Trends+in+Dietary+Supplement+Use+Among+US+Adults+From+1999-2012&rft.volume=316&rft.issue=14&rft.pages=1464-1474&rft.date=2017-10-11&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5540241&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27727382&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1001%2Fjama.2016.14403&rft.aulast=Kantor&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth+D&rft.au=Rehm%2C+Colin+D&rft.au=Du%2C+Mengmeng&rft.au=White%2C+Emily&rft.au=Giovannucci%2C+Edward+L&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5540241&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stehle2016-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Stehle2016_102-0">100,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Stehle2016_102-1">100,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFStehleStoffel-WagnerKuh2014" class="citation journal">Stehle, P; Stoffel-Wagner, B; Kuh, KS (6 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5399133">„Parenteral trace element provision: recent clinical research and practical conclusions“</a>. <i>European Journal of Clinical Nutrition</i>. <b>70</b> (8): 886–893. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fejcn.2016.53">10.1038/ejcn.2016.53</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Слободен пристап"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5399133">5399133</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27049031">27049031</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Clinical+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Parenteral+trace+element+provision%3A+recent+clinical+research+and+practical+conclusions&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=886-893&rft.date=2014-04-06&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5399133&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27049031&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fejcn.2016.53&rft.aulast=Stehle&rft.aufirst=P&rft.au=Stoffel-Wagner%2C+B&rft.au=Kuh%2C+KS&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5399133&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-103">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFinch2015" class="citation journal">Finch, Carolyn Weiglein (February 2015). „Review of trace mineral requirements for preterm infants: What are the current recommendations for clinical practice?“. <i>Nutrition in Clinical Practice</i>. <b>30</b> (1): 44–58. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0884533614563353">10.1177/0884533614563353</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25527182">25527182</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+in+Clinical+Practice&rft.atitle=Review+of+trace+mineral+requirements+for+preterm+infants%3A+What+are+the+current+recommendations+for+clinical+practice%3F&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=44-58&rft.date=2015-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0884533614563353&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25527182&rft.aulast=Finch&rft.aufirst=Carolyn+Weiglein&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vincent2010-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Vincent2010_104-0">102,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Vincent2010_104-1">102,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFVincent2010" class="citation journal">Vincent, John B (2010). „Chromium: Celebrating 50 years as an essential element?“. <i>Dalton Transactions</i>. <b>39</b> (16): 3787–3794. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1039%2FB920480F">10.1039/B920480F</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20372701">20372701</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dalton+Transactions&rft.atitle=Chromium%3A+Celebrating+50+years+as+an+essential+element%3F&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=16&rft.pages=3787-3794&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1039%2FB920480F&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20372701&rft.aulast=Vincent&rft.aufirst=John+B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-105">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/7993/20171114183739/https://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/LabelingNutrition/ucm073017.htm">ФДА квалификувани здравствени побарувања: писма на извршување дискреција, писма на Одрекувањето на</a> САД за храна и лекови администрација, Docket # 2004Q-0144 (август 2005 година).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-106">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200509120406/http://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/monoReq.do?id=65">„Monograph: Chromium (from Chromium picolinate)“</a>. Health Canada. 9 December 2009. Архивирано од <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/monoReq.do?id=65">изворникот</a> на 2020-05-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Посетено на <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monograph%3A+Chromium+%28from+Chromium+picolinate%29&rft.pub=Health+Canada&rft.date=2009-12-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwebprod.hc-sc.gc.ca%2Fnhpid-bdipsn%2FmonoReq.do%3Fid%3D65&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EFSA2010-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-EFSA2010_107-0">105,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-EFSA2010_107-1">105,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1732">Научно мислење за поткрепа на здравствените тврдења поврзани со хром и придонес за нормален метаболизам на макрохранливи материи (ID 260, 401, 4665, 4666, 4667), одржување на нормални концентрации на гликоза во крвта (ID 262, 4667), придонес за одржување или постигнување на нормална телесна тежина (ID 339, 4665, 4666) и намалување на замор и замор (ID 261) согласно член 13 (1) од Регулативата (ЕЗ) бр. 1924/2006</a> <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200421163705/https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1732">Архивирано</a> на 21 април 2020 г.</small> Европска агенција за безбедност на храна EFSA J 2010; 1732.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mauro-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Mauro_108-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><strong class="error"><span class="scribunto-error mw-scribunto-error-826cd62c">Грешка во Lua во Модул:Citation/CS1/Identifiers, ред 500: wrong number of arguments to 'insert'</span></strong></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Abdoll2013-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Abdoll2013_109-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAbdollahiFarshchiNikfarSeyedifar2013" class="citation journal">Abdollahi, M; Farshchi, A; Nikfar, S; Seyedifar, M (2013). „Effect of chromium on glucose and lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes; a meta-analysis review of randomized trials“. <i>J Pharm Pharm Sci</i>. <b>16</b> (1): 99–114. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.18433%2FJ3G022">10.18433/J3G022</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23683609">23683609</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J+Pharm+Pharm+Sci&rft.atitle=Effect+of+chromium+on+glucose+and+lipid+profiles+in+patients+with+type+2+diabetes%3B+a+meta-analysis+review+of+randomized+trials&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=99-114&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.18433%2FJ3G022&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23683609&rft.aulast=Abdollahi&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Farshchi%2C+A&rft.au=Nikfar%2C+S&rft.au=Seyedifar%2C+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Suk2014-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Suk2014_110-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSuksomboonPoolsupYuwanakorn2013" class="citation journal">Suksomboon, N; Poolsup, N; Yuwanakorn, A (17 March 2013). „Systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of chromium supplementation in diabetes“. <i>J Clin Pharm Ther</i>. <b>39</b> (3): 292–306. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fjcpt.12147">10.1111/jcpt.12147</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24635480">24635480</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J+Clin+Pharm+Ther&rft.atitle=Systematic+review+and+meta-analysis+of+the+efficacy+and+safety+of+chromium+supplementation+in+diabetes&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=292-306&rft.date=2013-03-17&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fjcpt.12147&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24635480&rft.aulast=Suksomboon&rft.aufirst=N&rft.au=Poolsup%2C+N&rft.au=Yuwanakorn%2C+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-111">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBailey2014" class="citation journal">Bailey, Christopher H (January 2014). „Improved meta-analytic methods show no effect of chromium supplements on fasting glucose“. <i>Biol Trace Elem Res</i>. <b>157</b> (1): 1–8. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12011-013-9863-9">10.1007/s12011-013-9863-9</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24293356">24293356</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biol+Trace+Elem+Res&rft.atitle=Improved+meta-analytic+methods+show+no+effect+of+chromium+supplements+on+fasting+glucose&rft.volume=157&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-8&rft.date=2014-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs12011-013-9863-9&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24293356&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=Christopher+H&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Costello2016-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Costello2016_112-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCostelloDwyerBailey2016" class="citation journal">Costello, Rebecca B; Dwyer, Johanna T; Bailey, Regan L (30 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5009459">„Chromium supplements for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: limited evidence of effectiveness“</a>. <i>Nutrition Reviews</i>. <b>74</b> (7): 455–468. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fnutrit%2Fnuw011">10.1093/nutrit/nuw011</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Слободен пристап"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5009459">5009459</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27261273">27261273</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+Reviews&rft.atitle=Chromium+supplements+for+glycemic+control+in+type+2+diabetes%3A+limited+evidence+of+effectiveness&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=455-468&rft.date=2016-05-30&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5009459&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27261273&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fnutrit%2Fnuw011&rft.aulast=Costello&rft.aufirst=Rebecca+B&rft.au=Dwyer%2C+Johanna+T&rft.au=Bailey%2C+Regan+L&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5009459&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tian2013-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Tian2013_113-0">111,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Tian2013_113-1">111,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTianGuoWangHe2013" class="citation journal">Tian, Honglian; Guo, Xiaohu; Wang, Xiyu; He, Zhiyun; Sun, Rao; Ge, Sai; Zhang, Zongjiu (2013). „Chromium picolinate supplementation for overweight or obese adults“. <i>Cochrane Database Syst Rev</i> (11): CD010063. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F14651858.CD010063.pub2">10.1002/14651858.CD010063.pub2</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24293292">24293292</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cochrane+Database+Syst+Rev&rft.atitle=Chromium+picolinate+supplementation+for+overweight+or+obese+adults&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=CD010063&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F14651858.CD010063.pub2&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24293292&rft.aulast=Tian&rft.aufirst=Honglian&rft.au=Guo%2C+Xiaohu&rft.au=Wang%2C+Xiyu&rft.au=He%2C+Zhiyun&rft.au=Sun%2C+Rao&rft.au=Ge%2C+Sai&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Zongjiu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Onakpoya2013-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Onakpoya2013_114-0">112,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Onakpoya2013_114-1">112,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFOnakpoyaPosadzkiErnst2013" class="citation journal">Onakpoya, I; Posadzki, P; Ernst, E (2013). „Chromium supplementation in overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials“. <i>Obes Rev</i>. <b>14</b> (6): 496–507. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fobr.12026">10.1111/obr.12026</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23495911">23495911</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Obes+Rev&rft.atitle=Chromium+supplementation+in+overweight+and+obesity%3A+a+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis+of+randomized+clinical+trials&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=496-507&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fobr.12026&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23495911&rft.aulast=Onakpoya&rft.aufirst=I&rft.au=Posadzki%2C+P&rft.au=Ernst%2C+E&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-115">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">„Efficacy of chromium supplementation in athletes: emphasis on anabolism“. <i>Int J Sport Nutr</i>. <b>2</b> (2): 111–122. 1992. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1123%2Fijsn.2.2.111">10.1123/ijsn.2.2.111</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1299487">1299487</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Int+J+Sport+Nutr&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+chromium+supplementation+in+athletes%3A+emphasis+on+anabolism&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=111-122&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1123%2Fijsn.2.2.111&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1299487&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vinvent2003-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Vinvent2003_116-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">„The potential value and toxicity of chromium picolinate as a nutritional supplement, weight loss agent and muscle development agent“. <i>Sports Med</i>. <b>33</b> (3): 213–230. 2003. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2165%2F00007256-200333030-00004">10.2165/00007256-200333030-00004</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12656641">12656641</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sports+Med&rft.atitle=The+potential+value+and+toxicity+of+chromium+picolinate+as+a+nutritional+supplement%2C+weight+loss+agent+and+muscle+development+agent&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=213-230&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2165%2F00007256-200333030-00004&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12656641&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-117">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">„Supplements and sports“. <i>Am Fam Physician</i>. <b>78</b> (9): 1039–1046. 2008. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19007050">19007050</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Am+Fam+Physician&rft.atitle=Supplements+and+sports&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=1039-1046&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19007050&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-118">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">„IOC Consensus Statement: Dietary Supplements and the High-Performance Athlete“. <i>Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab</i>. <b>28</b> (2): 104–125. 2018. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1123%2Fijsnem.2018-0020">10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0020</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29589768">29589768</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Int+J+Sport+Nutr+Exerc+Metab&rft.atitle=IOC+Consensus+Statement%3A+Dietary+Supplements+and+the+High-Performance+Athlete&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=104-125&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1123%2Fijsnem.2018-0020&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29589768&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Islam2018-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Islam2018_119-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">„Heavy Metal and Metalloid Pollution of Soil, Water and Foods in Bangladesh: A Critical Review“. <i>Int J Environ Res Public Health</i>. <b>15</b> (12): 2825. 2018. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fijerph15122825">10.3390/ijerph15122825</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30544988">30544988</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Int+J+Environ+Res+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Heavy+Metal+and+Metalloid+Pollution+of+Soil%2C+Water+and+Foods+in+Bangladesh%3A+A+Critical+Review&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=2825&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Fijerph15122825&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30544988&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bakshi2018-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Bakshi2018_120-0">118,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Bakshi2018_120-1">118,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5977408">„A comprehensive review on chromium induced alterations in fresh water fishes“</a>. <i>Toxicol Rep</i>. <b>5</b>: 440–447. 2018. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.toxrep.2018.03.007">10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.03.007</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Слободен пристап"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5977408">5977408</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29854615">29854615</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicol+Rep&rft.atitle=A+comprehensive+review+on+chromium+induced+alterations+in+fresh+water+fishes&rft.volume=5&rft.pages=440-447&rft.date=2018&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5977408&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29854615&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.toxrep.2018.03.007&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5977408&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-121">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">„The efficacy of chromium as a growth enhancer for mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio L): an integrated study using biochemical, genetic, and histological responses“. <i>Biol Trace Elem Res</i>. <b>148</b> (2): 187–197. 2012. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12011-012-9354-4">10.1007/s12011-012-9354-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22351105">22351105</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biol+Trace+Elem+Res&rft.atitle=The+efficacy+of+chromium+as+a+growth+enhancer+for+mirror+carp+%28Cyprinus+carpio+L%29%3A+an+integrated+study+using+biochemical%2C+genetic%2C+and+histological+responses&rft.volume=148&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=187-197&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs12011-012-9354-4&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22351105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barceloux-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Barceloux_122-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBarcelouxBarceloux1999" class="citation journal">Barceloux, Donald G; Barceloux, Donald (1999). „Chromium“. <i>Clinical Toxicology</i>. <b>37</b> (2): 173–194. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1081%2FCLT-100102418">10.1081/CLT-100102418</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10382554">10382554</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Chromium&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=173-194&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1081%2FCLT-100102418&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10382554&rft.aulast=Barceloux&rft.aufirst=Donald+G&rft.au=Barceloux%2C+Donald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Katz-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Katz_123-0">121,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Katz_123-1">121,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKatzSalem1992" class="citation journal">Katz, SA; Salem, H (1992). „The toxicology of chromium with respect to its chemical speciation: A review“. <i>Journal of Applied Toxicology</i>. <b>13</b> (3): 217–224. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fjat.2550130314">10.1002/jat.2550130314</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8326093">8326093</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Toxicology&rft.atitle=The+toxicology+of+chromium+with+respect+to+its+chemical+speciation%3A+A+review&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=217-224&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fjat.2550130314&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8326093&rft.aulast=Katz&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.au=Salem%2C+H&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eastmond-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Eastmond_124-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFEastmondMacGregorSlesinski2008" class="citation journal">Eastmond, DA; MacGregor, JT; Slesinski, RS (2008). „Trivalent Chromium: Assessing the Genotoxic Risk of an Essential Trace Element and Widely Used Human and Animal Nutritional Supplement“. <i>Critical Reviews in Toxicology</i>. <b>38</b> (3): 173–190. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10408440701845401">10.1080/10408440701845401</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18324515">18324515</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+Reviews+in+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Trivalent+Chromium%3A+Assessing+the+Genotoxic+Risk+of+an+Essential+Trace+Element+and+Widely+Used+Human+and+Animal+Nutritional+Supplement&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=173-190&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F10408440701845401&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18324515&rft.aulast=Eastmond&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.au=MacGregor%2C+JT&rft.au=Slesinski%2C+RS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-125">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0141.html">„Џебен водич за опасните хемиски материи #0141“</a>. Национален институт за безбедност и здравје при работа (NIOSH).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%8F%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87+%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5+%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8+%230141&rft.pub=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82+%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82+%D0%B8+%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%98%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0+%28NIOSH%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fniosh%2Fnpg%2Fnpgd0141.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#808080ff;">(англиски)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dayan-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Dayan_126-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDayanPaine2001" class="citation journal">Dayan, AD; Paine, AJ (2001). „Mechanisms of chromium toxicity, carcinogenicity and allergenicity: Review of the literature from 1985 to 2000“. <i>Human & Experimental Toxicology</i>. <b>20</b> (9): 439–451. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1191%2F096032701682693062">10.1191/096032701682693062</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11776406">11776406</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+%26+Experimental+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Mechanisms+of+chromium+toxicity%2C+carcinogenicity+and+allergenicity%3A+Review+of+the+literature+from+1985+to+2000&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=439-451&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1191%2F096032701682693062&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11776406&rft.aulast=Dayan&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.au=Paine%2C+AJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-127">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNewman1890" class="citation journal">Newman, D. (1890). „A case of adeno-carcinoma of the left inferior turbinated body, and perforation of the nasal septum, in the person of a worker in chrome pigments“. <i>Glasgow Medical Journal</i>. <b>33</b>: 469–470.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Glasgow+Medical+Journal&rft.atitle=A+case+of+adeno-carcinoma+of+the+left+inferior+turbinated+body%2C+and+perforation+of+the+nasal+septum%2C+in+the+person+of+a+worker+in+chrome+pigments&rft.volume=33&rft.pages=469-470&rft.date=1890&rft.aulast=Newman&rft.aufirst=D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Langard-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Langard_128-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLangard1990" class="citation journal">Langard, S (1990). „One Hundred Years of Chromium and Cancer: A Review of Epidemiological Evidence and Selected Case Reports“. <i>American Journal of Industrial Medicine</i>. <b>17</b> (2): 189–214. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fajim.4700170205">10.1002/ajim.4700170205</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2405656">2405656</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=One+Hundred+Years+of+Chromium+and+Cancer%3A+A+Review+of+Epidemiological+Evidence+and+Selected+Case+Reports&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=189-214&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fajim.4700170205&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2405656&rft.aulast=Langard&rft.aufirst=S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cohen-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Cohen_129-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCohenKargacinKleinCosta1993" class="citation journal">Cohen, MD; Kargacin, B; Klein, CB; Costa, M (1993). „Mechanisms of chromium carcinogenicity and toxicity“. <i>Critical Reviews in Toxicology</i>. <b>23</b> (3): 255–281. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3109%2F10408449309105012">10.3109/10408449309105012</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8260068">8260068</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+Reviews+in+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Mechanisms+of+chromium+carcinogenicity+and+toxicity&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=255-281&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3109%2F10408449309105012&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8260068&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.au=Kargacin%2C+B&rft.au=Klein%2C+CB&rft.au=Costa%2C+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-130">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/gpo56032"><i>Methods to Develop Inhalation Cancer Risk Estimates for Chromium and Nickel Compounds</i></a>. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Health and Environmental Impacts Division. 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Посетено на <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Methods+to+Develop+Inhalation+Cancer+Risk+Estimates+for+Chromium+and+Nickel+Compounds&rft.place=Research+Triangle+Park%2C+NC&rft.pub=U.S.+Environmental+Protection+Agency%2C+Office+of+Air+Quality+Planning+and+Standards%2C+Health+and+Environmental+Impacts+Division&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpurl.fdlp.gov%2FGPO%2Fgpo56032&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-131">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNgan2002" class="citation web">Ngan, V (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dermnetnz.org/dermatitis/chrome-allergy.html">„Chrome Allergy“</a>. DermNet NZ.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chrome+Allergy&rft.pub=DermNet+NZ&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Ngan&rft.aufirst=V&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdermnetnz.org%2Fdermatitis%2Fchrome-allergy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-132">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBasketterHorevSlodovnikMerimes2000" class="citation journal">Basketter, David; Horev, L; Slodovnik, D; Merimes, S; Trattner, A; Ingber, A (2000). „Investigation of the threshold for allergic reactivity to chromium“. <i>Contact Dermatitis</i>. <b>44</b> (2): 70–74. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1034%2Fj.1600-0536.2001.440202.x">10.1034/j.1600-0536.2001.440202.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11205406">11205406</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contact+Dermatitis&rft.atitle=Investigation+of+the+threshold+for+allergic+reactivity+to+chromium&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=70-74&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1034%2Fj.1600-0536.2001.440202.x&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11205406&rft.aulast=Basketter&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Horev%2C+L&rft.au=Slodovnik%2C+D&rft.au=Merimes%2C+S&rft.au=Trattner%2C+A&rft.au=Ingber%2C+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-133">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBaselt2008" class="citation book">Baselt, Randall C (2008). <i>Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man</i> (8. изд.). Foster City: Biomedical Publications. стр. 305–307. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80/978-0-9626523-7-0" title="Специјална:ПечатенИзвор/978-0-9626523-7-0"><bdi>978-0-9626523-7-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Disposition+of+Toxic+Drugs+and+Chemicals+in+Man&rft.place=Foster+City&rft.pages=305-307&rft.edition=8&rft.pub=Biomedical+Publications&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-9626523-7-0&rft.aulast=Baselt&rft.aufirst=Randall+C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-134">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101223164916/http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/healthusenvironmentpollutionwater">„US water has large amounts of likely carcinogen: study“</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yahoo_News&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yahoo News (страницата не постои)">Yahoo News</a>. 19 December 2010. Архивирано од <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/healthusenvironmentpollutionwater">изворникот</a> на 23 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Посетено на <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=US+water+has+large+amounts+of+likely+carcinogen%3A+study&rft.date=2010-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.com%2Fs%2Fafp%2Fhealthusenvironmentpollutionwater&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The melting/boiling point of transition metals are usually higher compared to the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and nonmetals, which is why the range of elements compared to chromium differed between comparisons</span> </li> </ol> <table class="navbox collapsible uncollapsed" cellpadding="0" style="table-layout:fixed; width:100%; max-width:1300px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="33" style="padding:0 1em;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini" style="float:left; text-align:left; width:6em;"><ul><li class="nv-преглед"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0:%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Предлошка:Компактен периоден систем"><abbr title="Преглед на предлошкава">п</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-разговор"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0:%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Разговор за предлошка:Компактен периоден систем"><abbr title="Разговор за предлошкава">р</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-уреди"><a class="external text" href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0:%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit"><abbr title="Уредување на предлошкава">у</abbr></a></li></ul></div><span style="font-size:110%;"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Периоден систем на елементите">Периоден систем на елементите</a> </span> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:100%;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Алкален метал">1</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Земноалкален метал">2</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_3_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Група 3 на периодниот систем">3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Група 4 на периодниот систем">4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Група 5 на периодниот систем">5</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_6_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Група 6 на периодниот систем">6</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_7_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Група 7 на периодниот систем">7</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Група 8 на периодниот систем">8</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_9_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Група 9 на периодниот систем">9</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_10_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Група 10 на периодниот систем">10</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_11_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Група 11 на периодниот систем">11</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_12_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Група 12 на периодниот систем">12</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Борова група">13</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Јаглеродна група">14</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Азотна група">15</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Халкоген">16</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Халоген">17</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Благороден гас">18</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/I_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="I периода на периодниот систем">I</a> </td> <td title="Водород, 1 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Водород"><span style="display:block">H</span></a> </td> <td colspan="30"> </td> <td title="Хелиум, 2 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Хелиум"><span style="display:block">He</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/II_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="II периода на периодниот систем">II</a> </td> <td title="Литиум, 3 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Литиум"><span style="display:block">Li</span></a> </td> <td title="Берилиум, 4 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Берилиум"><span style="display:block">Be</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="Бор (елемент), 5 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Бор (елемент)"><span style="display:block">B</span></a> </td> <td title="Јаглерод, 6 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Јаглерод"><span style="display:block">C</span></a> </td> <td title="Азот, 7 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Азот"><span style="display:block">N</span></a> </td> <td title="Кислород, 8 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Кислород"><span style="display:block">O</span></a> </td> <td title="Флуор, 9 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Флуор"><span style="display:block">F</span></a> </td> <td title="Неон, 10 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Неон"><span style="display:block">Ne</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/III_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="III периода на периодниот систем">III</a> </td> <td title="Натриум, 11 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Натриум"><span style="display:block">Na</span></a> </td> <td title="Магнезиум, 12 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Магнезиум"><span style="display:block">Mg</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="Алуминиум, 13 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Алуминиум"><span style="display:block">Al</span></a> </td> <td title="Силициум, 14 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Силициум"><span style="display:block">Si</span></a> </td> <td title="Фосфор, 15 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Фосфор"><span style="display:block">P</span></a> </td> <td title="Сулфур, 16 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%84%D1%83%D1%80" title="Сулфур"><span style="display:block">S</span></a> </td> <td title="Хлор, 17 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Хлор"><span style="display:block">Cl</span></a> </td> <td title="Аргон, 18 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Аргон"><span style="display:block">Ar</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/IV_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="IV периода на периодниот систем">IV</a> </td> <td title="Калиум, 19 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Калиум"><span style="display:block">K</span></a> </td> <td title="Калциум, 20 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Калциум"><span style="display:block">Ca</span></a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Скандиум, 21 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Скандиум"><span style="display:block">Sc</span></a> </td> <td title="Титан, 22 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Титан"><span style="display:block">Ti</span></a> </td> <td title="Ванадиум, 23 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Ванадиум"><span style="display:block">V</span></a> </td> <td title="Хром, 24 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:2px solid black; ;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="display:block">Cr</span></a> </td> <td title="Манган, 25 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Манган"><span style="display:block">Mn</span></a> </td> <td title="Железо, 26 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE" title="Железо"><span style="display:block">Fe</span></a> </td> <td title="Кобалт, 27 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Кобалт"><span style="display:block">Co</span></a> </td> <td title="Никел, 28 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Никел"><span style="display:block">Ni</span></a> </td> <td title="Бакар, 29 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Бакар"><span style="display:block">Cu</span></a> </td> <td title="Цинк, 30 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Цинк"><span style="display:block">Zn</span></a> </td> <td title="Галиум, 31 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Галиум"><span style="display:block">Ga</span></a> </td> <td title="Германиум, 32 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Германиум"><span style="display:block">Ge</span></a> </td> <td title="Арсен, 33 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Арсен"><span style="display:block">As</span></a> </td> <td title="Селен, 34 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Селен"><span style="display:block">Se</span></a> </td> <td title="Бром, 35 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Бром"><span style="display:block">Br</span></a> </td> <td title="Криптон, 36 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Криптон"><span style="display:block">Kr</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/V_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="V периода на периодниот систем">V</a> </td> <td title="Рубидиум, 37 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Рубидиум"><span style="display:block">Rb</span></a> </td> <td title="Стронциум, 38 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Стронциум"><span style="display:block">Sr</span></a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Итриум, 39 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Итриум"><span style="display:block">Y</span></a> </td> <td title="Циркониум, 40 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Циркониум"><span style="display:block">Zr</span></a> </td> <td title="Ниобиум, 41 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Ниобиум"><span style="display:block">Nb</span></a> </td> <td title="Молибден, 42 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Молибден"><span style="display:block">Mo</span></a> </td> <td title="Технециум, 43 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Технециум"><span style="display:block">Tc</span></a> </td> <td title="Рутениум, 44 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Рутениум"><span style="display:block">Ru</span></a> </td> <td title="Родиум, 45 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Родиум"><span style="display:block">Rh</span></a> </td> <td title="Паладиум, 46 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Паладиум"><span style="display:block">Pd</span></a> </td> <td title="Сребро, 47 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Сребро"><span style="display:block">Ag</span></a> </td> <td title="Кадмиум, 48 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Кадмиум"><span style="display:block">Cd</span></a> </td> <td title="Индиум, 49 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Индиум"><span style="display:block">In</span></a> </td> <td title="Калај, 50 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%98" title="Калај"><span style="display:block">Sn</span></a> </td> <td title="Антимон, 51 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Антимон"><span style="display:block">Sb</span></a> </td> <td title="Телур, 52 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%80" title="Телур"><span style="display:block">Te</span></a> </td> <td title="Јод, 53 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Јод"><span style="display:block"> I </span></a> </td> <td title="Ксенон, 54 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ксенон"><span style="display:block">Xe</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/VI_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="VI периода на периодниот систем">VI</a> </td> <td title="Цезиум, 55 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Цезиум"><span style="display:block">Cs</span></a> </td> <td title="Бариум, 56 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Бариум"><span style="display:block">Ba</span></a> </td> <td title="Лантан, 57 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Лантан"><span style="display:block">La</span></a> </td> <td title="Цериум, 58 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Цериум"><span style="display:block">Ce</span></a> </td> <td title="Празеодиум, 59 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Празеодиум"><span style="display:block">Pr</span></a> </td> <td title="Неодиум, 60 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Неодиум"><span style="display:block">Nd</span></a> </td> <td title="Прометиум, 61 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Прометиум"><span style="display:block">Pm</span></a> </td> <td title="Самариум, 62 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Самариум"><span style="display:block">Sm</span></a> </td> <td title="Европиум, 63 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Европиум"><span style="display:block">Eu</span></a> </td> <td title="Гадолиниум, 64 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Гадолиниум"><span style="display:block">Gd</span></a> </td> <td title="Тербиум, 65 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Тербиум"><span style="display:block">Tb</span></a> </td> <td title="Диспрозиум, 66 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Диспрозиум"><span style="display:block">Dy</span></a> </td> <td title="Холмиум, 67 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Холмиум"><span style="display:block">Ho</span></a> </td> <td title="Ербиум, 68 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Ербиум"><span style="display:block">Er</span></a> </td> <td title="Тулиум, 69 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Тулиум"><span style="display:block">Tm</span></a> </td> <td title="Итербиум, 70 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Итербиум"><span style="display:block">Yb</span></a> </td> <td title="Лутециум, 71 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Лутециум"><span style="display:block">Lu</span></a> </td> <td title="Хафниум, 72 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Хафниум"><span style="display:block">Hf</span></a> </td> <td title="Тантал, 73 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Тантал"><span style="display:block">Ta</span></a> </td> <td title="Волфрам, 74 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Волфрам"><span style="display:block">W</span></a> </td> <td title="Рениум, 75 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Рениум"><span style="display:block">Re</span></a> </td> <td title="Осмиум, 76 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Осмиум"><span style="display:block">Os</span></a> </td> <td title="Иридиум, 77 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Иридиум"><span style="display:block">Ir</span></a> </td> <td title="Платина, 78 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Платина"><span style="display:block">Pt</span></a> </td> <td title="Злато, 79 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Злато"><span style="display:block">Au</span></a> </td> <td title="Жива, 80 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Жива"><span style="display:block">Hg</span></a> </td> <td title="Талиум, 81 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Талиум"><span style="display:block">Tl</span></a> </td> <td title="Олово, 82 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Олово"><span style="display:block">Pb</span></a> </td> <td title="Бизмут, 83 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%82" title="Бизмут"><span style="display:block">Bi</span></a> </td> <td title="Полониум, 84 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Полониум"><span style="display:block">Po</span></a> </td> <td title="Астат, 85 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Астат"><span style="display:block">At</span></a> </td> <td title="Радон, 86 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Радон"><span style="display:block">Rn</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/VII_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="VII периода на периодниот систем">VII</a> </td> <td title="Франциум, 87 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Франциум"><span style="display:block">Fr</span></a> </td> <td title="Радиум, 88 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Радиум"><span style="display:block">Ra</span></a> </td> <td title="Актиниум, 89 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Актиниум"><span style="display:block">Ac</span></a> </td> <td title="Ториум, 90 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Ториум"><span style="display:block">Th</span></a> </td> <td title="Протактиниум, 91 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Протактиниум"><span style="display:block">Pa</span></a> </td> <td title="Ураниум, 92 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Ураниум"><span style="display:block">U</span></a> </td> <td title="Нептуниум, 93 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Нептуниум"><span style="display:block">Np</span></a> </td> <td title="Плутониум, 94 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Плутониум"><span style="display:block">Pu</span></a> </td> <td title="Америциум, 95 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Америциум"><span style="display:block">Am</span></a> </td> <td title="Кириум, 96 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Кириум"><span style="display:block">Cm</span></a> </td> <td title="Берклиум, 97 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Берклиум"><span style="display:block">Bk</span></a> </td> <td title="Калифорниум, 98 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Калифорниум"><span style="display:block">Cf</span></a> </td> <td title="Ајнштајниум, 99 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%98%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Ајнштајниум"><span style="display:block">Es</span></a> </td> <td title="Фермиум, 100 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Фермиум"><span style="display:block">Fm</span></a> </td> <td title="Менделевиум, 101 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Менделевиум"><span style="display:block">Md</span></a> </td> <td title="Нобелиум, 102 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Нобелиум"><span style="display:block">No</span></a> </td> <td title="Лоренциум, 103 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Лоренциум"><span style="display:block">Lr</span></a> </td> <td title="Радерфордиум, 104 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Радерфордиум"><span style="display:block">Rf</span></a> </td> <td title="Дубниум, 105 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Дубниум"><span style="display:block">Db</span></a> </td> <td title="Сиборгиум, 106 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Сиборгиум"><span style="display:block">Sg</span></a> </td> <td title="Бориум, 107 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Бориум"><span style="display:block">Bh</span></a> </td> <td title="Хасиум, 108 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Хасиум"><span style="display:block">Hs</span></a> </td> <td title="Мајтнериум, 109 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%98%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Мајтнериум"><span style="display:block">Mt</span></a> </td> <td title="Дармштатиум, 110 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Дармштатиум"><span style="display:block">Ds</span></a> </td> <td title="Рендгениум, 111 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Рендгениум"><span style="display:block">Rg</span></a> </td> <td title="Копернициум, 112 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Копернициум"><span style="display:block">Cn</span></a> </td> <td title="Нихониум, 113 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Нихониум"><span style="display:block">Nh</span></a> </td> <td title="Флеровиум, 114 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Флеровиум"><span style="display:block">Fl</span></a> </td> <td title="Московиум, 115 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Московиум"><span style="display:block">Mc</span></a> </td> <td title="Ливермориум, 116 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Ливермориум"><span style="display:block">Lv</span></a> </td> <td title="Тенесин, 117 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Тенесин"><span style="display:block">Ts</span></a> </td> <td title="Оганесон, 118 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Оганесон"><span style="display:block">Og</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="33"> <table class="wikitable" style="width:100%; line-height:120%; text-align:center; vertical-align:top; font-size:85%; background:#f8f8f8; margin:0; font-size:90%; margin-top:0.5em;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table style="width:100%; table-layout:fixed; overflow:hidden;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Алкален метал">Алкален метал</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Земноалкален метал">Земноалкален метал</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ffbfff;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="Лантаноид">Лан­таноид</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="Актиноид">Актиноид</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="Преоден метал">Преоден метал</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#cccccc;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Слаб метал (страницата не постои)">Слаб метал</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#cccc99;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Металоид">Металоид</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#a1ffc3;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%9C%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="Повеќеатомски неметал">Повеќеатомски неметал</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#e7ff8f;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="Двоатомски неметал">Двоатомски неметал</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Благороден гас">Благороден гас</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="padding:0 1px; background:#e8e8e8;">Непознати<br />хемиски<br />својства </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-преглед"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Предлошка:Соединенија на хромот"><abbr title="Преглед на предлошкава" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">п</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-разговор"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Разговор за предлошка:Соединенија на хромот"><abbr title="Разговор за предлошкава" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">р</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-уреди"><a class="external text" href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82&action=edit"><abbr title="Уредување на предлошкава" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">у</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Хемиско соединение">Соединенија</a> на <a class="mw-selflink selflink">хромот</a></div></th></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Хром(0)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хром хексакарбонил (страницата не постои)">Cr(CO)<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />6</span></a></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Органохромни(0) соединенија</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%81(%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD)%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Бис(бензен)хом (страницата не постои)">Cr(C<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />6</span>H<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />6</span>)<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=(%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD)%D1%85%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="(Бензен)хром трикарбонил (страницата не постои)">CrC<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />6</span>H<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />6</span>(CO)<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />3</span></a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Хром(I)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC(I)_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хром(I) хидрид (страницата не постои)">CrH</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Органохромни(I) соединенија</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%85%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Циклопентадиенилхром трикарбонил димер (страницата не постои)">Cr<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span>(C<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />5</span>H<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />5</span>)<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span>(CO)<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />6</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Хром(II)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC(II)_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хром(II) хидрид (страницата не постои)">CrH<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC(II)_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хром(II) карбид (страницата не постои)">Cr<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />3</span>C<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC(II)_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хром(II) оксалат (страницата не постои)">Cr(C<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span>O<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />4</span>)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC(II)_%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хром(II) ацетат (страницата не постои)">Cr(CH<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />3</span>CO<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span>)<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC(II)_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хром(II) силицид (страницата не постои)">CrSi<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC(II)_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хром(II) оксид (страницата не постои)">CrO</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC(II)_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хром(II) сулфид (страницата не постои)">CrS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC(II)_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хром(II) сулфат (страницата не постои)">CrSO<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />4</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC(II)_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хром(II) селенид (страницата не постои)">CrSe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC(II)_%D1%84%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хром(II) флуорид (страницата не постои)">CrF<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC(II)_%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хром(II) хлорид (страницата не постои)">CrCl<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC(II)_%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хром(II) бромид (страницата не постои)">CrBr<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC(II)_%D1%98%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хром(II) јодид (страницата не постои)">CrI<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span></a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Органохромни(II) соединенија</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хромоцен (страницата не постои)">Cr(C<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />5</span>H<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />5</span>)<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Хром(II, III)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хром карбид (страницата не постои)">Cr<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />3</span>C<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Хром(III)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC(III)_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хром(III) борид (страницата не постои)">CrB</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC(III)_%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хром(III) ацетат (страницата не постои)">[Cr<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />3</span>O(CH<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />3</span>CO<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span>)<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />6</span>(H<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span>O)<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />3</span>]<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:0.8em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;">+<br /></span>[CH<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />3</span>CO<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span>]<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:0.8em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;">−<br /></span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хром нитрид (страницата не постои)">CrN</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хром нитрат (страницата не постои)">Cr(NO<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />3</span>)<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />3</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC(III)_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хром(III) фосфат (страницата не постои)">CrPO<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />4</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC(III)_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хром(III) оксид (страницата не постои)">Cr<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span>O<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />3</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC(III)_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хром(III) хидроксид (страницата не постои)">Cr(OH)<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />3</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC(III)_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хром(III) сулфид (страницата не постои)">Cr<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span>S<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />3</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC(III)_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хром(III) сулфат (страницата не постои)">Cr<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span>(SO<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />4</span>)<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />3</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC(III)_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хром(III) телурид (страницата не постои)">Cr<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span>Te<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />3</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC(III)_%D1%84%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хром(III) флуорид (страницата не постои)">CrF<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />3</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC(III)_%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хром(III) хлорид (страницата не постои)">CrCl<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />3</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC(III)_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хром(III) перхлорат (страницата не постои)">Cr(ClO<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />4</span>)<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />3</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC(III)_%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хром(III) бромид (страницата не постои)">CrBr<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />3</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC(III)_%D1%98%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хром(III) јодид (страницата не постои)">CrI<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />3</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Хром(IV)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC(IV)_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хром(IV) силицид (страницата не постои)">CrSi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC(IV)_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хром(IV) оксид (страницата не постои)">CrO<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC(IV)_%D1%84%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хром(IV) флуорид (страницата не постои)">CrF<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />4</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC(IV)_%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хром(IV) хлорид (страницата не постои)">CrCl<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />4</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC(IV)_%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хром(IV) бромид (страницата не постои)">CrBr<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />4</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Хром(V)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82(V)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Калиум тетрапероксохромат(V) (страницата не постои)"> K<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />3</span>Cr(O<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span>)<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />4</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хром пентафлуорид (страницата не постои)">CrF<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />5</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Хром(VI)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Хром триоксид">CrO<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />3</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC(VI)_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хром(VI) оксид пероксид (страницата не постои)">CrO(O<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span>)<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хромна киселина (страницата не постои)">H<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span>CrO<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />4</span>/H<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span>Cr<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span>O<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />7</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D1%84%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хромил флуорид (страницата не постои)">CrO<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span>F<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хром окситетрафлуорид (страницата не постои)">CrOF<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />4</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хромил хлорид (страницата не постои)">CrO<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span>Cl<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хромил бромид (страницата не постои)">CrO<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span>Br<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC_%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Пиридиниум хлорохромат (страницата не постои)">[C<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />5</span>H<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />5</span>NH]<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:0.8em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;">+<br /></span>CrO<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />3</span>Cl<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:0.8em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;">−<br /></span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хром хексафлуорид (страницата не постои)">CrF<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />6</span></a> (хипотетичко)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%9C%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Повеќеатомски јон">Повеќеатомски јон</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хромат (страницата не постои)">Хромат и дихромат</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Нормативна контрола">Нормативна контрола</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-sh85-025350">WorldCat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%98_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Контролен број на Конгресната библиотека">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85025350">sh85025350</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Обединета нормативна податотека">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4147944-0">4147944-0</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Национална библиотека на Франција">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12104829h">cb12104829h</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12104829h">(податоци)</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Национална парламентарна библиотека (Јапонија)">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00567040">00567040</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Национална библиотека на Чешка">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph119207&CON_LNG=ENG">ph119207</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /><span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="mk" dir="ltr">Грешка во наводот: Има ознаки <code><ref></code> за група именувана како „note“, но нема соодветна ознака <code><references group="note"/></code>.</span> </p></div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Преземено од „<a dir="ltr" href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Хром&oldid=5290547">https://mk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Хром&oldid=5290547</a>“</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Специјална:Категории">Категории</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8_since_November_2018&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Категорија:Статии со непотврдени изјави since November 2018 (страницата не постои)">Статии со непотврдени изјави since November 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Категорија:Хром">Хром</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Категорија:Хемиски елементи">Хемиски елементи</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Категорија:Самородни елементи">Самородни елементи</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%98%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Категорија:Безбедност и здравје при работа">Безбедност и здравје при работа</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Категорија:Прехранбени минерали">Прехранбени минерали</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Категорија:Биологија и фармакологија на хемиските елементи">Биологија и фармакологија на хемиските елементи</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Категорија:Тешки метали">Тешки метали</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Категорија:Страници со грешки во наводите кои предизвикуваат нагледни разлики (страницата не постои)">Страници со грешки во наводите кои предизвикуваат нагледни разлики</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Скриени категории: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Категорија:Страници со грешки во скриптата">Страници со грешки во скриптата</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7_URL" title="Категорија:Страници со наводи без URL">Страници со наводи без URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7_URL" title="Категорија:Страници со наводи без датум на посета и без URL">Страници со наводи без датум на посета и без URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_(de)" title="Категорија:Статии со извори на германски (de)">Статии со извори на германски (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE_URL" title="Категорија:Страници со грешки во URL">Страници со грешки во URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Категорија:Сите статии со мртви 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