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<span>Location</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Location-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archaeological_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archaeological_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Archaeological works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archaeological_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Castle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Castle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Castle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Castle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mithras_Temple" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mithras_Temple"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Mithras Temple</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mithras_Temple-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_as_civilian_settlement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_as_civilian_settlement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Use as civilian settlement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_as_civilian_settlement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery_-_Views_of_Zerzevan_Castle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery_-_Views_of_Zerzevan_Castle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Gallery - Views of Zerzevan Castle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery_-_Views_of_Zerzevan_Castle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Zerzevan Castle</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zerzevan" title="Zerzevan – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zerzevan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%96%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B6%CE%B5%CE%B2%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Κάστρο του Ζερζεβάν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κάστρο του Ζερζεβάν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castello_di_Zerzevan" title="Castello di Zerzevan – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Castello di Zerzevan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keleha_Z%C3%AArzewan" title="Keleha Zêrzewan – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Keleha Zêrzewan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castelo_de_Zerzev%C3%A3" title="Castelo de Zerzevã – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Castelo de Zerzevã" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Зерзеван – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Зерзеван" data-language-autonym="Русский" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Zerzevan_Castle&params=37_36_29_N_40_29_57_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°36′29″N</span> <span class="longitude">40°29′57″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.60806°N 40.49917°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.60806; 40.49917</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Archaeological site in Diyarbakır province, Turkey</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Zerzevan Castle</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="nickname">Zerzevan Kalesi</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Zerzevan_Kalesi_Kilise.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Zerzevan_Kalesi_Kilise.jpg/220px-Zerzevan_Kalesi_Kilise.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Zerzevan_Kalesi_Kilise.jpg/330px-Zerzevan_Kalesi_Kilise.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Zerzevan_Kalesi_Kilise.jpg/440px-Zerzevan_Kalesi_Kilise.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Church ruins at North side of Zerzevan Castle (2021)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Turkey_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zerzevan Castle is located in Turkey"><img alt="Zerzevan Castle is located in Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Turkey_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-Turkey_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Turkey_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-Turkey_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Turkey_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-Turkey_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1579" data-file-height="677" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:69.885%;left:77.037%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Zerzevan Castle"><img alt="Zerzevan Castle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/8px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/12px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/16px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div>Zerzevan Castle</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of the castle in Turkey.</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alternative name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Samachi Castle</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Demir%C3%B6l%C3%A7ek" class="mw-redirect" title="Demirölçek">Demirölçek</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%87%C4%B1nar,_Diyarbak%C4%B1r" title="Çınar, Diyarbakır">Çınar, Diyarbakır</a>, Turkey</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Zerzevan_Castle&params=37_36_29_N_40_29_57_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°36′29″N</span> <span class="longitude">40°29′57″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.60806°N 40.49917°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.60806; 40.49917</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Fortification" title="Fortification">Fortification</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">57 daa (5.7 ha)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Builder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Roman Empire">Eastern Roman Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">4th century</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Abandoned</th><td class="infobox-data">7th century</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Periods</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Christianity</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">Site notes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discovered</th><td class="infobox-data">2014</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Condition</th><td class="infobox-data">Ruined</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Public access</th><td class="infobox-data">Partial</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Zerzevan Castle</b> (<a href="/wiki/Kurdish_language" title="Kurdish language">Kurdish</a>: <i lang="ku" dir="rtl">Qesra Zêrzevan, Zîrzevan</i><sup id="cite_ref-ca_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ca-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Zerzevan Kalesi</i> <a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a>: <span lang="hy">Զերզեվանի ամրոց</span>), also known as <b>Samachi Castle</b>, is a ruined <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Roman">Eastern Roman</a> castle, a former important military base, in <a href="/wiki/Diyarbak%C4%B1r_Province" title="Diyarbakır Province">Diyarbakır Province</a>, southeastern Turkey. Archaeological excavations at the site revealed the existence of underground structures, among them a temple of <a href="/wiki/Mithraism" title="Mithraism">Mithraism</a>, a mystery religion. The castle was used as a civilian settlement between the 1890s and the 1960s. The site is partly open to tourism. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zerzevan_Castle&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some travellers mention the name of this place as "Kasr Zerzaua" in 18th century while <a href="/wiki/Evliya_Celebi" class="mw-redirect" title="Evliya Celebi">Evliya Celebi</a>, an Ottoman traveller who lived in 17th century mentions in his <a href="/wiki/Seyahatname" class="mw-redirect" title="Seyahatname">Seyahatname</a> (volume IV) about this place as "Zerzivan Valley" while travelling from <a href="/wiki/Diyarbakir" class="mw-redirect" title="Diyarbakir">Diyarbakir</a> to <a href="/wiki/Mardin" title="Mardin">Mardin</a>. The name of Zerzevan derives from Kurdish word of "zêr" (gold) and it "is the changed form of Zerzaua mentioned by the travellers and it is the name given to the settlement while the village" was located in the same place.<sup id="cite_ref-ca_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ca-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zêr in Kurdish is Gold and Zîv is Silver (Gold and Silver), castle of gold and silver. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Location">Location</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zerzevan_Castle&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zerzevan Castle was built in the 4th century by the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Eastern Roman Empire</a> as a military base on the ancient trade route between <a href="/wiki/Diyarbak%C4%B1r" title="Diyarbakır">Diyarbakır</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mardin" title="Mardin">Mardin</a>. It was in use until the 7th century. The castle is situated on the top of a 105–124 m (344–407 ft)-high rocky hill next to <a href="/wiki/Demir%C3%B6l%C3%A7ek" class="mw-redirect" title="Demirölçek">Demirölçek</a> village about 13 km (8.1 mi) southeast of <a href="/wiki/%C3%87%C4%B1nar,_Diyarbak%C4%B1r" title="Çınar, Diyarbakır">Çınar</a> town in <a href="/wiki/Diyarbak%C4%B1r_Province" title="Diyarbakır Province">Diyarbakır Province</a> on the highway <a href="/wiki/State_road_D.950_(Turkey)" title="State road D.950 (Turkey)">D.950</a> to Mardin. It is located about 45 km (28 mi) from Diyarbakır.<sup id="cite_ref-a1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ah1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ah1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hdn1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hdn1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archaeological_works">Archaeological works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zerzevan_Castle&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Archaeological works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first archaeological excavations took place in the summer months of 2014. The works were initially carried out by a team of 35 led by an archaeologist from <a href="/wiki/Dicle_University" title="Dicle University">Dicle University</a>, under the supervision of the <a href="/wiki/Diyarbak%C4%B1r_Archaeological_Museum" title="Diyarbakır Archaeological Museum">Diyarbakır Archaeological Museum</a>. In 2015, the size of the team working at the site increased to 60.<sup id="cite_ref-ah1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ah1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ah2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ah2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020, archaeologists found the entrance of the castle.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, archaeologists discovered a flute with six holes and a bronze ring with a key which was used to open a chest. Both items dated back to the 4th and 5th centuries AD.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zerzevan_Castle&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The castle was an Eastern Roman military base and a strategic <a href="/wiki/Garrison" title="Garrison">garrison</a> settlement, dominating the entire valley and controlling the ancient road between <a href="/wiki/Amida_(Mesopotamia)" title="Amida (Mesopotamia)">Amida</a> (now Diyarbakır) and <a href="/wiki/Dara_(Mesopotamia)" title="Dara (Mesopotamia)">Dara</a> (now Mardin).<sup id="cite_ref-ah1_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ah1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The castle played a key role due to its location on the easternmost border protecting the Roman Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-ah2_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ah2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It marked the intersection and coalescence of the cultures in the west and the east.<sup id="cite_ref-hdn1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hdn1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The place was known as Samachi in <a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">classical antiquity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ah1_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ah1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ah2_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ah2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the site of <a href="/wiki/Roman%E2%80%93Persian_Wars" title="Roman–Persian Wars">heavy fighting</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-a1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jewelry found in the castle also indicates that the civilian population and military personnel resided together, with soldiers living alongside their family members.<sup id="cite_ref-ah1_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ah1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was large enough to sustain a population of around one thousand.<sup id="cite_ref-ah2_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ah2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Restoration and reconstruction works, which took place during the reigns of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_emperors" title="List of Byzantine emperors">Eastern Roman emperors</a> <a href="/wiki/Anastasius_I_Dicorus" title="Anastasius I Dicorus">Anastasius I Dicorus</a> (r. 491–518) and <a href="/wiki/Justinian_I" title="Justinian I">Justinian I</a> (r. 527–565), saw the castle develop into its final state prior to its ruin.<sup id="cite_ref-hdn1_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hdn1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The castle was most likely in use until 639 with the arrival of <a href="/wiki/Arab_Muslims" title="Arab Muslims">Arab Muslims</a> in the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Byzantine_wars" title="Arab–Byzantine wars">Arab–Byzantine wars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ah1_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ah1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Castle">Castle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zerzevan_Castle&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Castle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zerzevan_Kalesi_(havadan,_2016).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Zerzevan_Kalesi_%28havadan%2C_2016%29.jpg/275px-Zerzevan_Kalesi_%28havadan%2C_2016%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Zerzevan_Kalesi_%28havadan%2C_2016%29.jpg/413px-Zerzevan_Kalesi_%28havadan%2C_2016%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Zerzevan_Kalesi_%28havadan%2C_2016%29.jpg/550px-Zerzevan_Kalesi_%28havadan%2C_2016%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3186" data-file-height="2250" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of Zerzevan Castle (2016)</figcaption></figure> <p>The castle stretches over an area of 5.7 ha (14 acres).<sup id="cite_ref-ah2_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ah2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The castle contains structures both above and below ground.<sup id="cite_ref-hdn1_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hdn1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its ruined walls are 1,200 m (3,900 ft) long and 12 m (39 ft) high, and it has a 21–22 m (69–72 ft)-high <a href="/wiki/Watchtower" title="Watchtower">watchtower</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ah1_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ah1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hdn1_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hdn1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inside the castle, there are ruins in a wide area and a rock-<a href="/wiki/Necropolis" title="Necropolis">necropolis</a>. In the north of the castle, which is at a lower elevation, residences and streets were erected while in the south public buildings were constructed on the higher terrain. A church building facing east-west remains one of the most well-conserved public buildings. Other public buildings include the palace, administrative building, baths, cereal storage, <a href="/wiki/Arsenal" title="Arsenal">arsenal</a>, and 54 <a href="/wiki/Cistern" title="Cistern">cisterns</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-a1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ah1_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ah1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hdn1_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hdn1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Military and medical material, jewelry, ornaments, and bronze coins were also found during the excavations.<sup id="cite_ref-ah2_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ah2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016, a subterranean church and secret passageways were discovered.<sup id="cite_ref-ah2_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ah2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The discovered underground secret passageway was not in use for about 3,000 years and the subterranean church was closed around 1,500 years ago. A <a href="/wiki/Mithraism" title="Mithraism">Mithraic</a> underground temple and a subterranean sanctuary,<sup id="cite_ref-ht1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ht1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> able to hold 400 people, were also unearthed.<sup id="cite_ref-hdn1_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hdn1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, four more underground locations were discovered, where further excavation works are necessary to unearth them.<sup id="cite_ref-hdn1_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hdn1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mithras_Temple">Mithras Temple</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zerzevan_Castle&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Mithras Temple"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mithraeum_of_Zerzevan_Castle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Mithraeum_of_Zerzevan_Castle.jpg/220px-Mithraeum_of_Zerzevan_Castle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Mithraeum_of_Zerzevan_Castle.jpg/330px-Mithraeum_of_Zerzevan_Castle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Mithraeum_of_Zerzevan_Castle.jpg/440px-Mithraeum_of_Zerzevan_Castle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>Mithraeum of Zerzevan Castle</figcaption></figure> <p>The Mithraeum is one of the best-preserved structures of the castle. The 35 m<sup>2</sup> structure carved into the main rock is 7 m long, 5 m wide, and 2.5 m high. On the eastern wall, there are columns carved into the rock, a large niche in the middle flanked by two smaller ones. The flaming crown, one of the symbols of <a href="/wiki/Mithraism" title="Mithraism">Mithraism</a>, is carved on the eastern wall. Right in front of the left-hand small niche there is a carved pool on the ground. Some inscriptions and symbols are visible at the entrance gate of the structure.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_as_civilian_settlement">Use as civilian settlement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zerzevan_Castle&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Use as civilian settlement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A new settlement was created within the castle once again in the 1890s, when a family moved into the castle. As the population grew to over 30 households, the residents ultimately abandoned the castle in the 1960s, descended to a place about 1 km (0.62 mi) from the castle, and founded a village under the name Zerzevan. This village is called Demirölçek today.<sup id="cite_ref-a1_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery_-_Views_of_Zerzevan_Castle">Gallery - Views of Zerzevan Castle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zerzevan_Castle&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Gallery - Views of Zerzevan Castle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zerzevan_Kalesi_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Zerzevan_Kalesi_1.jpg/120px-Zerzevan_Kalesi_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Zerzevan_Kalesi_1.jpg/180px-Zerzevan_Kalesi_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Zerzevan_Kalesi_1.jpg/240px-Zerzevan_Kalesi_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zerzevan_Kalesi_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Zerzevan_Kalesi_2.jpg/120px-Zerzevan_Kalesi_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Zerzevan_Kalesi_2.jpg/180px-Zerzevan_Kalesi_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Zerzevan_Kalesi_2.jpg/240px-Zerzevan_Kalesi_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zerzevan_Kalesi_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Zerzevan_Kalesi_4.jpg/120px-Zerzevan_Kalesi_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Zerzevan_Kalesi_4.jpg/180px-Zerzevan_Kalesi_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Zerzevan_Kalesi_4.jpg/240px-Zerzevan_Kalesi_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zerzevan_Kalesi_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Zerzevan_Kalesi_5.jpg/120px-Zerzevan_Kalesi_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Zerzevan_Kalesi_5.jpg/180px-Zerzevan_Kalesi_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Zerzevan_Kalesi_5.jpg/240px-Zerzevan_Kalesi_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zerzevan_Castle&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ca-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ca_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ca_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCoşkun,_Aytaç2017" class="citation journal cs1">Coşkun, Aytaç (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Zerzevan-Castle-Samachi-garrison-garnizonu/dp/6051499199">"Zerzevan Castle in the Light of Recent Archeological Researches"</a>. <i>Anatolia</i>: 91–110. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1501%2FAndl_0000000442">10.1501/Andl_0000000442</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anatolia&rft.atitle=Zerzevan+Castle+in+the+Light+of+Recent+Archeological+Researches&rft.pages=91-110&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1501%2FAndl_0000000442&rft.au=Co%C5%9Fkun%2C+Ayta%C3%A7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FZerzevan-Castle-Samachi-garrison-garnizonu%2Fdp%2F6051499199&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZerzevan+Castle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-a1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-a1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-a1_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-a1_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaya,_Selim2014" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kaya, 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-04-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atlas&rft.atitle=Zerzevan+Kalesi&rft.issue=261&rft.date=2014-12&rft.au=Kaya%2C+Selim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlasdergisi.com%2Fgundem%2Fzerzevan-kalesi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZerzevan+Castle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ah1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ah1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ah1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ah1_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ah1_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ah1_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ah1_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ah1_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ah1_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arkeolojihaber.net/2015/09/04/diyarbakirda-romali-hristiyanlarin-ilk-kilisesi-bulundu/">"Diyarbakır'da Romalı Hristiyanların İlk Kilisesi Bulundu"</a>. <i>Arkeoloji Haber</i> (in Turkish). 2015-09-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-04-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arkeoloji+Haber&rft.atitle=Diyarbak%C4%B1r%E2%80%99da+Romal%C4%B1+Hristiyanlar%C4%B1n+%C4%B0lk+Kilisesi+Bulundu&rft.date=2015-09-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farkeolojihaber.net%2F2015%2F09%2F04%2Fdiyarbakirda-romali-hristiyanlarin-ilk-kilisesi-bulundu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZerzevan+Castle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hdn1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hdn1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hdn1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hdn1_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hdn1_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hdn1_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hdn1_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hdn1_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hdn1_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/zerzevan-castle-home-to-secret-history--117141">"Zerzevan Castle home to secret history"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCrriyet_Daily_News" title="Hürriyet Daily News">Hürriyet Daily News</a></i>. 2017-08-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-04-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=H%C3%BCrriyet+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Zerzevan+Castle+home+to+secret+history&rft.date=2017-08-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyetdailynews.com%2Fzerzevan-castle-home-to-secret-history--117141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZerzevan+Castle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ah2-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ah2_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ah2_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ah2_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ah2_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ah2_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ah2_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ah2_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arkeolojihaber.net/2016/12/27/zerzevan-kalesinde-mithras-tarikatina-ait-yeralti-tapinagi-bulundu/">"Zerzevan Kalesi'nde Mithras Tarikatı'na Ait Yeraltı Tapınağı Bulundu"</a>. <i>Arkeoloji Haber</i> (in Turkish). 2016-12-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-04-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arkeoloji+Haber&rft.atitle=Zerzevan+Kalesi%E2%80%99nde+Mithras+Tarikat%C4%B1%E2%80%99na+Ait+Yeralt%C4%B1+Tap%C4%B1na%C4%9F%C4%B1+Bulundu&rft.date=2016-12-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farkeolojihaber.net%2F2016%2F12%2F27%2Fzerzevan-kalesinde-mithras-tarikatina-ait-yeralti-tapinagi-bulundu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZerzevan+Castle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/1800-year-old-zerzevan-castle-entrance-found-157401">1800-year-old Zerzevan Castle entrance found</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/ancient-flute-reveals-interest-in-music-169830">Ancient flute reveals interest in music</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ht1-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ht1_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haberturk.com/gundem/haber/1314613-zerzevan-kalesinde-bin-500-yillik-yeralti-siginagi-bulundu/4">"Zerzevan Kalesi'nde bin 500 yıllık yeraltı sığınağı bulundu"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Habert%C3%BCrk" title="Habertürk">Habertürk</a></i> (in Turkish). 2016-10-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-04-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Habert%C3%BCrk&rft.atitle=Zerzevan+Kalesi%27nde+bin+500+y%C4%B1ll%C4%B1k+yeralt%C4%B1+s%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1na%C4%9F%C4%B1+bulundu&rft.date=2016-10-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haberturk.com%2Fgundem%2Fhaber%2F1314613-zerzevan-kalesinde-bin-500-yillik-yeralti-siginagi-bulundu%2F4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZerzevan+Castle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6472/">Zerzevan Castle and Mithraeum</a> Retrieved 2023-09-29.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zerzevan_Castle&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Zerzevan_Castle" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Zerzevan Castle">Zerzevan Castle</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoşkun,_Aytaç2017" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Coşkun, Aytaç (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Zerzevan-Castle-Samachi-garrison-garnizonu/dp/6051499199"><i>Zerzevan Castle (Samachi): Roman border garrison / Zerzevan Kalesi: Roma'nin sinir garnizonu</i></a> (in Turkish and English). TC Diyarbakır Valiliği / TC Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı. p. 72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-605-149-9192" title="Special:BookSources/978-605-149-9192"><bdi>978-605-149-9192</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zerzevan+Castle+%28Samachi%29%3A+Roman+border+garrison+%2F+Zerzevan+Kalesi%3A+Roma%27nin+sinir+garnizonu&rft.pages=72&rft.pub=TC+Diyarbak%C4%B1r+Valili%C4%9Fi+%2F+TC+K%C3%BClt%C3%BCr+ve+Turizm+Bakanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-605-149-9192&rft.au=Co%C5%9Fkun%2C+Ayta%C3%A7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FZerzevan-Castle-Samachi-garrison-garnizonu%2Fdp%2F6051499199&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZerzevan+Castle" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/SilifkeKale4.jpg/165px-SilifkeKale4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/SilifkeKale4.jpg/220px-SilifkeKale4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div></td><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afyonkarahisar_Castle" title="Afyonkarahisar Castle">Afyonkarahisar Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ak%C3%A7akoca_Castle" title="Akçakoca Castle">Akçakoca Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alanya_Castle" title="Alanya Castle">Alanya Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alara_Castle" title="Alara Castle">Alara Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amasra_Fortress" title="Amasra Fortress">Amasra Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amasya_Castle" title="Amasya Castle">Amasya Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anadoluhisar%C4%B1" title="Anadoluhisarı">Anadoluhisarı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anavarza_Castle" title="Anavarza Castle">Anavarza Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankara_Castle" title="Ankara Castle">Ankara Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardahan_Castle" title="Ardahan Castle">Ardahan Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babakale_Castle" title="Babakale Castle">Babakale Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagras" title="Bagras">Bagras Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayburt_Castle" title="Bayburt Castle">Bayburt Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belenke%C5%9Flik_Castle" title="Belenkeşlik Castle">Belenkeşlik Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodrum_Castle" title="Bodrum Castle">Bodrum Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodrumkale" title="Bodrumkale">Bodrumkale Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolaman_Castle" title="Bolaman Castle">Bolaman Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyabat_Castle" title="Boyabat Castle">Boyabat Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bozcaada_Castle" title="Bozcaada Castle">Bozcaada Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cemilli_Castle" title="Cemilli Castle">Cemilli Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87andarl%C4%B1_Castle" title="Çandarlı Castle">Çandarlı Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87and%C4%B1r_Castle" title="Çandır Castle">Çandır Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87e%C5%9Fme_Castle" title="Çeşme Castle">Çeşme Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Da%C4%9Fl%C4%B1_Castle" title="Dağlı Castle">Dağlı Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diyarbak%C4%B1r_Fortress" class="mw-redirect" title="Diyarbakır Fortress">Diyarbakır Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E%C4%9Firdir_Castle" title="Eğirdir Castle">Eğirdir Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fo%C3%A7a_Castle" title="Foça Castle">Foça Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaziantep_Castle" title="Gaziantep Castle">Gaziantep Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_G%C3%B6me%C3%A7" title="Tower of Gömeç">Gömeç Kulesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6zne_Castle" title="Gözne Castle">Gözne Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCvercinada" title="Güvercinada">Güvercinada Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harput_Castle" title="Harput Castle">Harput Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harran_Castle" title="Harran Castle">Harran Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebilli_Castle" title="Hebilli Castle">Hebilli Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amouda" title="Amouda">Hemite Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hisar%C4%B1n_Castle" title="Hisarın Castle">Hisarın Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho%C5%9Fap_Castle" title="Hoşap Castle">Hoşap Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casemates_of_%C4%B0brahim_Pasha" title="Casemates of İbrahim Pasha">İbrahim Pasha Casemates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadifekale" title="Kadifekale">Kadifekale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahramanmara%C5%9F_Castle" title="Kahramanmaraş Castle">Kahramanmaraş Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalepark" title="Kalepark">Kalepark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karacahisar_Castle" title="Karacahisar Castle">Karacahisar Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaman_Castle" title="Karaman Castle">Karaman Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kara_Castle" title="Kara Castle">Kara Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_of_Kars" title="Castle of Kars">Kars Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kastamonu_Castle" title="Kastamonu Castle">Kastamonu Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayseri_Castle" title="Kayseri Castle">Kayseri Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortress_of_Kaysun" title="Fortress of Kaysun">Kaysun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevg%C3%BCrk_Castle" title="Kevgürk Castle">Kevgürk Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1z%C4%B1l_Kule" class="mw-redirect" title="Kızıl Kule">Kızıl Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiz_Kulesi,_Rize" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiz Kulesi, Rize">Kiz Kulesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1zkalesi_(castle)" title="Kızkalesi (castle)">Kızkalesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1zlar_Kalesi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kızlar Kalesi">Kızlar Kalesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q%27ueli" class="mw-redirect" title="Q'ueli">Kol Kalesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koz_Castle" title="Koz Castle">Koz Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozan_Castle" title="Kozan Castle">Kozan Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuzucubelen_Castle" title="Kuzucubelen Castle">Kuzucubelen Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loulon" title="Loulon">Loulon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamure_Castle" title="Mamure Castle">Mamure Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manc%C4%B1n%C4%B1k_Castle" title="Mancınık Castle">Mancınık Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mardin_Castle" title="Mardin Castle">Mardin Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marmaris_Castle" title="Marmaris Castle">Marmaris Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meydan_Castle" title="Meydan Castle">Meydan Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meydanc%C4%B1k_Castle" title="Meydancık Castle">Meydancık Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mut_Castle" title="Mut Castle">Mut Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampron" title="Lampron">Namrun Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertek_Castle" title="Pertek Castle">Pertek Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ravendel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ravendel (page does not exist)">Ravendel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riva_Castle" title="Riva Castle">Riva Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rize_Castle" title="Rize Castle">Rize Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roche_de_Roissel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roche de Roissel (page does not exist)">Roche de Roissel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roche-Guillaume" title="Roche-Guillaume">Roche-Guillaume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumelihisari" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumelihisari">Rumelihisari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumkale" title="Rumkale">Rumkale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsun_Castle" title="Samsun Castle">Samsun Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarvandikar" title="Sarvandikar">Sarvandikar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silifke_Castle" title="Silifke Castle">Silifke Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinap_Castle" title="Sinap Castle">Sinap Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinop_Fortress" title="Sinop Fortress">Sinop Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softa_Castle" title="Softa Castle">Softa Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eanl%C4%B1urfa_Castle" title="Şanlıurfa Castle">Şanlıurfa Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eav%C5%9Fat_Castle" title="Şavşat Castle">Şavşat Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eeytan_Castle" title="Şeytan Castle">Şeytan Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eile_Castle" title="Şile Castle">Şile Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tece_Castle" title="Tece Castle">Tece Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tekkad%C4%B1n_ruins" title="Tekkadın ruins">Tekkadın Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokat_Castle" title="Tokat Castle">Tokat Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokmar_Castle" title="Tokmar Castle">Tokmar Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toprakkale_(castle)" title="Toprakkale (castle)">Toprakkale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trabzon_Castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Trabzon Castle">Trabzon Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trapessac" title="Trapessac">Trapessac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbessel" class="mw-redirect" title="Turbessel">Turbessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaka_Castle" title="Yaka Castle">Yaka Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Van Castle">Van Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yedikule_Fortress" title="Yedikule Fortress">Yedikule Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yelbiz_Castle" title="Yelbiz Castle">Yelbiz Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeniyurt_Castle" title="Yeniyurt Castle">Yeniyurt Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C4%B1lankale" title="Yılankale">Yılankale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoros_Castle" title="Yoros Castle">Yoros Castle</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zerzevan Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zilkale" title="Zilkale">Zilkale</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TurkeyBodrumCastle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/TurkeyBodrumCastle.jpg/110px-TurkeyBodrumCastle.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/TurkeyBodrumCastle.jpg/165px-TurkeyBodrumCastle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/TurkeyBodrumCastle.jpg/220px-TurkeyBodrumCastle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2793" data-file-height="2064" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="UNESCO_Tentative_list_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Turkey" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tentative_list_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Turkey" title="Template:Tentative list of World Heritage Sites in Turkey"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tentative_list_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Turkey" title="Template talk:Tentative list of World Heritage Sites in Turkey"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tentative_list_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Turkey" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tentative list of World Heritage Sites in Turkey"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="UNESCO_Tentative_list_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Turkey" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/Tentative_list_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Turkey" title="Tentative list of World Heritage Sites in Turkey">Tentative list of World Heritage Sites in Turkey</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aegean_region" title="Aegean region">Aegean<br />region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aizanoi" title="Aizanoi">Aizanoi Antique City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardis" title="Sardis">The Ancient City of Sardis</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bin_Tepe" title="Bin Tepe">Lydian Tumuli of Bin Tepe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratonicea_(Caria)" title="Stratonicea (Caria)">Ancient City of Stratonikeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assos" title="Assos">Archaeological Site of Assos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laodicea_on_the_Lycus" title="Laodicea on the Lycus">Archaeological site of Laodikeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priene" title="Priene">Archaeological Site of Priene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayval%C4%B1k" title="Ayvalık">Ayvalık Industrial Landscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodrum_Castle" title="Bodrum Castle">The Bodrum Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birgi" title="Birgi">Historic Town of Birgi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmir" title="İzmir">The Historical Port City of Izmir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mausoleum_of_Hecatomnus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mausoleum of Hecatomnus (page does not exist)">Mausoleum and Sacred area of Hecatomnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Be%C3%A7in" title="Beçin">Medieval City of Beçin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_region" title="Black Sea region">Black Sea<br />region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Niksar" title="Niksar">Early Period of Anatolian Turkish Heritage: Niksar, The Capital of Danishmend Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudurnu" title="Mudurnu">Historic Guild Town of Mudurnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1z%C4%B1l%C4%B1rmak_Delta" title="Kızılırmak Delta">Kızılırmak Delta Wetland and Bird Sanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Har%C5%9Fena" title="Mount Harşena">Mount Harşena</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Tombs_of_the_kings_of_Pontus" title="Tombs of the kings of Pontus">Rock-tombs of the Pontic Kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ball%C4%B1ca_Cave" title="Ballıca Cave">Nature Park of Ballıca Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumela_Monastery" title="Sumela Monastery">Sümela Monastery (The Monastery of Virgin Mary)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Anatolia_region" title="Central Anatolia region">Central Anatolia<br />region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCltepe" title="Kültepe">Archaeological Site of Kültepe-Kanesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_Therma" title="Basilica Therma">Basilica Therma (Sarıkaya Roma Hamamı)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hac%C4%B1_Bayram_Mosque" title="Hacı Bayram Mosque">Haci Bayram Mosque and its Surrounding Area (the Haci Bayram District)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haji_Bektash_Veli_Complex" title="Haji Bektash Veli Complex">Haci Bektas Veli Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beypazar%C4%B1" title="Beypazarı">Historic Town of Beypazarı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni%C4%9Fde" title="Niğde">Historical Monuments of Niğde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0vriz_relief" title="İvriz relief">Ivriz Cultural Landscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konya" title="Konya">Konya-A capital of Seljuk Civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koramaz_Valley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koramaz Valley (page does not exist)">Koramaz Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Tuz" title="Lake Tuz">Lake Tuz Special Environmental Protection Area (SEPA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odunpazar%C4%B1" title="Odunpazarı">Odunpazari Historical Urban Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Ahi_Evren" title="Tomb of Ahi Evren">Tomb of Ahi Evran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Anatolia_region" title="Eastern Anatolia region">Eastern Anatolia<br />region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Cross,_Aghtamar" title="Cathedral of the Holy Cross, Aghtamar">Akdamar Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eshab-%C4%B1_Kehf_Kulliye" title="Eshab-ı Kehf Kulliye">Eshab-ı Kehf Kulliye (Islamic-Ottoman Social Complex)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpoot" title="Harpoot">Historic City of Harput</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemaliye" title="Kemaliye">Historic Town of Kemaliye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishak_Pasha_Palace" title="Ishak Pasha Palace">Ishak Pasha Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tombstones_of_Ahlat_the_Urartian_and_Ottoman_citadel" class="mw-redirect" title="The Tombstones of Ahlat the Urartian and Ottoman citadel">The Tombstones of Ahlat the Urartian and Ottoman citadel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Fortress" title="Van Fortress">Tushpa/Van Fortress, the Mound and the Old City of Van</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marmara_region" title="Marmara region">Marmara<br />region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sangarius_Bridge" title="Sangarius Bridge">The Bridge of Justinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzunk%C3%B6pr%C3%BC_Bridge" title="Uzunköprü Bridge">The Bridge of Uzunköprü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dardanelles" title="Dardanelles">Çanakkale (Dardanelles)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_Peninsula_Historical_Site" title="Gallipoli Peninsula Historical Site">Gelibolu (Gallipoli)</a> Battles Zones in the First World War</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0znik" title="İznik">İznik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuruosmaniye_Mosque" title="Nuruosmaniye Mosque">Nuruosmaniye Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complex_of_Sultan_Bayezid_II" title="Complex of Sultan Bayezid II">Sultan Bayezid II Complex: A Center of Medical Treatment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1z_Palace" title="Yıldız Palace">Yıldız Palace Complex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_region,_Turkey" title="Mediterranean region, Turkey">Mediterranean<br />region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alahan_Monastery" title="Alahan Monastery">Alahan Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alanya" title="Alanya">Alanya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Cities_of_Lycian_Civilization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ancient Cities of Lycian Civilization (page does not exist)">Ancient Cities of Lycian Civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anazarbus" title="Anazarbus">Ancient City of Anazarbos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaunos" title="Kaunos">Ancient City of Kaunos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibyra" class="mw-redirect" title="Kibyra">Ancient city of Kibyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corycus" title="Corycus">Ancient City of Korykos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perga" title="Perga">Archaeological Site of Perge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagalassos" title="Sagalassos">Archaeological Site of Sagalassos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eflatun_P%C4%B1nar" title="Eflatun Pınar">Eflatun Pinar: The Hittite Spring Sanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_G%C3%BCll%C3%BCk-Termessos_National_Park" title="Mount Güllük-Termessos National Park">Güllük Dagi National Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Termessos" title="Termessos">Termessos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Peter" title="Church of Saint Peter">Hatay, St. Pierre Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karain_Cave" title="Karain Cave">Karain Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karatepe" title="Karatepe">Karatepe-Aslantaş Archaeological Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kekova" title="Kekova">Kekova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamure_Castle" title="Mamure Castle">Mamure Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Nicholas_Church,_Demre" title="St. Nicholas Church, Demre">St. Nicholas Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul%27s_Church,_Tarsus" title="Saint Paul's Church, Tarsus">St.Paul Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul%27s_Well" title="Saint Paul's Well">Saint Paul's Well</a> and surrounding historic quarters</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspendos" title="Aspendos">The Theatre and Aqueducts of the Ancient City of Aspendos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vespasianus_Titus_Tunnel" title="Vespasianus Titus Tunnel">Vespasianus Titus Tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yesemek_Quarry_and_Sculpture_Workshop" title="Yesemek Quarry and Sculpture Workshop">Yesemek Quarry and Sculpture Workshop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yivliminare_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Yivliminare Mosque">Yivli Minaret Mosque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Anatolia_region" title="Southeastern Anatolia region">Southeastern Anatolia<br />region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zeugma_(Commagene)" title="Zeugma (Commagene)">Archeological Site of Zeugma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harran" title="Harran">Harran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Urfa" title="Urfa">Şanlıurfa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0smail_Fakirullah_Tomb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İsmail Fakirullah Tomb (page does not exist)">Ismail Fakirullah Tomb and its Light Refraction Mechanism</a></li> <li>Late Antique and Medieval Churches and Monasteries of Midyat and Surrounding Area (<a href="/wiki/Tur_Abdin" title="Tur Abdin">Tur Abdin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malabadi_Bridge" title="Malabadi Bridge">The Malabadi Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mardin" title="Mardin">Mardin Cultural Landscape</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Livas%27_and_kastels_in_Gaziantep&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Livas' and kastels in Gaziantep (page does not exist)">The Underground Water Structures in Gaziantep; Livas' and Kastels</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zerzevan Castle and Mithraeum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeynel_Abidin_Mosque_Complex" title="Zeynel Abidin Mosque Complex">Zeynel Abidin Mosque Complex</a> and <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Jacob_of_Nisibis" title="Church of Saint Jacob of Nisibis">Mor Yakup (Saint Jacob) Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multiple regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Anatolian Seljuks Madrasahs <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buruciye_Medrese" title="Buruciye Medrese">Buruciye Medrese</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cacabey_Medrese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cacabey Medrese (page does not exist)">Cacabey Medrese</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ifte_Medrese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Çifte Medrese (page does not exist)">Çifte Medrese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87ifte_Minareli_Medrese_(Erzurum)" class="mw-redirect" title="Çifte Minareli Medrese (Erzurum)">Çifte Minareli Medrese</a> (Erzurum)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87ifte_Minareli_Medrese_(Sivas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Çifte Minareli Medrese (Sivas)">Çifte Minareli Medrese</a> (Sivas)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6k_Medrese_(Sivas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gök Medrese (Sivas)">Gök Medrese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ince_Minaret_Medrese" class="mw-redirect" title="Ince Minaret Medrese">Ince Minaret Medrese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karatay_Madrasa,_Konya" class="mw-redirect" title="Karatay Madrasa, Konya">Karatay Medrese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahabiye_Madrasa" title="Sahabiye Madrasa">Sahabiye Madrasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakutiye_Medrese" class="mw-redirect" title="Yakutiye Medrese">Yakutiye Medrese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mountainous_Phrygia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mountainous Phrygia (page does not exist)">Mountainous Phrygia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Caravanserais_on_the_route_from_Denizli_to_Dogubeyazit" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuk Caravanserais on the route from Denizli to Dogubeyazit">Seljuk Caravanserais on the route from Denizli to Dogubeyazit</a></li> <li>Trading Posts and Fortifications on Genoese Trade Routes from the Mediterranean to the Black Sea <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ak%C3%A7akoca_Castle" title="Akçakoca Castle">Akçakoca Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amasra_Castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Amasra Castle">Amasra Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87andarl%C4%B1_Castle" title="Çandarlı Castle">Çandarlı Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87e%C5%9Fme_Castle" title="Çeşme Castle">Çeşme Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fo%C3%A7a_Castle" title="Foça Castle">Foça Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galata_Tower" title="Galata Tower">Galata Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCvercinada" title="Güvercinada">Güvercinada Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinop_Fortress" title="Sinop Fortress">Sinop Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoros_Castle" title="Yoros Castle">Yoros Castle</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/32px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/48px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/64px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Turkey" title="Portal:Turkey">Turkey 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