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OMA orthology database: Types of orthologous groupings
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>OMA orthology database: Types of orthologous groupings</title> <meta name="description" content="The OMA database provides several destinct types of groupings to the users. The appropriate grouping depends on the application of the user."> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta name="keywords" content="orthology,evolutionary gene relations,evolution,paralogy,inference"> <!-- Matomo --> <script> var _paq = window._paq = window._paq || []; /* tracker methods like "setCustomDimension" should be called before "trackPageView" */ _paq.push(["setCookieDomain", "*.omabrowser.org"]); _paq.push(['trackPageView']); _paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']); (function() { var u="https://matomo.sib.swiss/"; _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u+'matomo.php']); _paq.push(['setSiteId', '6']); var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.async=true; g.src=u+'matomo.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); })(); </script> <noscript><p><img src="https://matomo.sib.swiss/matomo.php?idsite=6&rec=1" style="border:0;" alt="" /></p></noscript> <!-- End Matomo Code --> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/static/image/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"> <!-- css includes --> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@4.6.2/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Dosis:400,800%7CNoto+Sans:400,700%7CRopa+Sans%7CMaterial+Icons"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@48,400,0,0"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/4.1.3/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha256-eSi1q2PG6J7g7ib17yAaWMcrr5GrtohYChqibrV7PBE=" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/oma_styles.css"> <!-- js includes --> <script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js" integrity="sha256-FgpCb/KJQlLNfOu91ta32o/NMZxltwRo8QtmkMRdAu8=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/4.1.3/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js" integrity="sha256-E/V4cWE4qvAeO5MOhjtGtqDzPndRO1LBk8lJ/PR7CA4=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script>const static_root = "/static/";</script> <!-- AA: not sure which of those libs will still be needed. I suspect autocomplete.min.js for sure, rest probably not --> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.11.2/css/all.css"> <script src="/static/js/jquery.autocomplete.min.js"></script> <script id="release_char-data" type="application/json">"E"</script> </head> <body class=""> <nav class="navbar fixed-top navbar-expand-xl bg-light navbar-light topnav"> <div class="logos-navbar mr-auto"> <a href="https://www.sib.swiss/"><img src="/static/image/logo-SIB.png" alt="Logo SIB"/></a> <a href="/oma/home/"><img src="/static/image/logo-oma-mobile.svg" alt="Logo OMA small"/></a> </div> <span class="oma-main-search-header"> <script src="/static/js/vue.js"></script> <style> .button_search { cursor:pointer; align-self: center; height: 100%; background-color: transparent; border: none; margin-right: 4px; margin-left: auto; order: 2; } .button_search:disabled { cursor:not-allowed; } .help_icon { align-self: center; font-size: 1.5em; margin: 4px; cursor: pointer; } .prefix-dropdown { border: none; background-color: transparent; } .vl { border-left: 2px solid grey; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 4px; } #search_nav_input_part { display: flex; border: 1px solid #eee; font-size: 0.9em; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0 0 0 4px; border-radius: 500px; } .ml-input{} .sl-input{height: 50px;} .token-input__tag { height: 30px; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px; background-color: #eee; margin-top: 10px; line-height: 30px; padding: 0 5px; border-radius: 5px; } .token-input__tag > span { cursor: pointer; opacity: 0.75; } .token-input__text { border: none; outline: none; font-size: 0.9em; line-height: 50px; flex-grow: 1; background: transparent; } .token-delete { margin-left: 4px; color: red; } #token-container_search_nav{ overflow: scroll; display: inline; } .ml-token-con{margin-bottom: 8px;} .sl-token-con{white-space: nowrap;} </style> <script type="module"> const {createApp} = Vue window.search_token_vue_search_nav = createApp({ data() { return { tokens: [], //{query: 'HUMAN', single_term: true, prefix: "Species", type: "Taxon"} prefixes: { 'Protein': ['proteinid','xref','go','ec','description','domain','sequence'], 'Taxon': ['species','taxid', 'taxon'], 'HOG': ['hog','sequence'], 'OMA_Group': ['og', 'fingerprint','sequence'], }, default_prefix : 'description', show_error: false, error_message : " Error.", post_query_search_nav: '', multiline: false, wild_card: 'sequence', placeholder: ' "Blue-light photoreceptor" | proteinid:P53_RAT | species:"Drosophila melanogaster" ', //'P53_RAT | Insulin | species:HUMAN | "auxin response factor"', placeholder_default: 'proteinid:P53_RAT | "Blue-light photoreceptor" | species:"Drosophila melanogaster" ' //'P53_RAT | Insulin | species:HUMAN | "auxin response factor"', } }, compilerOptions: { delimiters: ["$[", "]$"] }, methods: { get_list_prefixes(lowercase=false){ let lp = [].concat(...Object.values(this.prefixes)); if (lowercase){ lp = lp.map(element => {return element.toLowerCase();}); } return lp }, get_prefix_used(){ return this.tokens.map(x => this.get_type_prefix(x.prefix)); }, get_type_prefix(prefix){ for (var key in this.prefixes) { if (this.prefixes.hasOwnProperty(key)) { if (this.prefixes[key].includes(prefix.toLowerCase())){ return key } } } return null }, addToken(event) { event.preventDefault() let val = event.target.value.trim(); if (val.length === 0 && this.tokens.length > 0){ this.collect_token() // wanted to auto search if press and empty + token but post request miss post_query data } else { var sinle_term = val[0] !== '"'; var multi_term_closed = (val.length > 1 && val[val.length - 1] === '"') var has_prefix = val.includes(':') var prefix_end = val[val.length - 1] === ':' var p = has_prefix ? val.split(':')[0].toLowerCase() : this.default_prefix; // If prefix but not valid if (has_prefix && !this.get_list_prefixes(true).includes(p.toLowerCase())) { this.show_error = true; this.error_message = "Error: Incorrect prefix." return; } else { this.show_error = false; } // If something typed if (val.length > 0) { // Multiple word query if (!sinle_term) { // STOP if multiple not closed if (!multi_term_closed) { if (event.code === "Space") { event.target.value = val + ' ' } return } } // STOP if the prefix is fine and we are at : if (prefix_end) { return } // has a prefix if (has_prefix) { var tmp = val.split(':')[1].trim() sinle_term = tmp[0] !== '"'; multi_term_closed = (val.length > 1 && tmp[tmp.length - 1] === '"') // multiple term if (!sinle_term) { // STOP if not closed if (!multi_term_closed) { if (event.code === "Space") { event.target.value = val + ' ' } return } } val = tmp } if (this.validate_token(val.replaceAll('"', ''), sinle_term, p)) { val = val.replaceAll('"', '') this.tokens.push({ query: val, single_term: sinle_term, prefix: p, type: this.get_type_prefix(p) }); event.target.value = ''; } } } document.getElementById("token-container_search_nav").scrollLeft += 200000; }, addToken_and_search(event){ this.addToken(event); if (this.tokens.length > 0){ this.collect_token() this.$refs.submit_button.click(); } }, removeToken(index) { this.tokens.splice(index, 1) }, removeLastToken(event) { if (event.target.value.length === 0) { this.removeToken(this.tokens.length - 1) } }, enter_from_input(event) { if (event.target.value.trim().length > 0) {this.addToken(event)} else{ event.target.nextElementSibling.focus().click() } }, collect_token(){ this.post_query_search_nav = JSON.stringify(this.tokens) }, detokenize(index){ var token = this.tokens.splice(index, 1)[0]; var input_token_search = document.getElementById('input_token_search_search_nav'); var token_str = token.prefix + ': ' token_str += token.single_term ? '' : '"' token_str += token.query token_str += token.single_term ? '' : '"' input_token_search.value = token_str }, on_change_prefix(target, t){ var prefix = target.value if (this.validate_token(t.query, t.single_term,prefix, true)){ t.prefix = prefix.toLowerCase() } else { target.value = t.prefix; } }, validate_token(val, sinle_term, p , OnChange=false){ if (this.wild_card.includes(p)){ return true } // todo Validate type val is valid for p // validate prefix not in conflict with other prefix var pu = this.get_prefix_used(); var current_prefix_type = this.get_type_prefix(p) if (current_prefix_type !== 'Taxon'){ var no_taxon = pu.filter(x => x !== 'Taxon'); if (no_taxon.length == 0){return true} else if (OnChange && no_taxon.length == 1){return true} else if (no_taxon.length > 0 && no_taxon.includes(current_prefix_type) ){return true} else if (no_taxon.length > 0 && !no_taxon.includes(current_prefix_type)) { this.show_error = true; this.error_message = "Warning: You are searching for " + no_taxon[0] + "; you can't add a token for " + current_prefix_type return false } } return true }, preload_token(tokens){ this.tokens = [] for (var i in tokens) { var token = tokens[i] if (this.validate_token(token.query, token.sinle_term, token.prefix )){ this.tokens.push({query: token.query, single_term: token.sinle_term, prefix: token.prefix, type:token.type}); } } this.placeholder = ''; this.$refs.input_handle.focus(); }, is_empty(){return this.tokens.length === 0}, modal_clicked(){ $('#exampleModal_search_nav').modal('show') }, format_token_string(str){ if (str.length < 20){return str} return str.slice(0, 20) + '...' } }, }).mount('#search_nav') var autocomplete_opts = { paramName: 'search', serviceUrl: '/api/xref/', minChars: 3, triggerSelectOnValidInput: false, deferRequestBy: 200, transformResult: function (response) { var json = JSON.parse(response); var xref_source_order = ['UniProtKB/SwissProt', 'UniProtKB/TrEMBL', 'Ensembl Protein', 'Ensembl Gene', 'Ensembl Transcript', 'RefSeq', 'EntrezGene', 'FlyBase', 'WormBase', 'EnsemblGenomes', 'NCBI', 'EMBL', 'SourceID', 'SourceAC', 'HGNC', 'Gene Name', 'Synonym', 'Protein Name', 'ORF Name', 'Ordered Locus Name', 'PDB', 'Swiss Model', 'STRING', 'neXtProt', 'Bgee', 'EPD', 'ChEMBL', 'GlyConnect', 'SwissPalm', 'DisGeNET', 'WikiGene', 'IPI', 'GI', 'n/a']; json.sort(function (a, b){ const idx_a = xref_source_order.indexOf(a.source), idx_b = xref_source_order.indexOf(b.source); if (idx_a === idx_b){ return a.xref > b.xref ? 1 : -1; } return idx_a - idx_b; }); return { suggestions: $.map(json, function (dataItem) { return {value: dataItem.xref, data: dataItem}; }) }; }, groupBy: 'source', formatResult: function(suggestion, currentValue) { // Do not replace anything if there current value is empty if (!currentValue) { return suggestion.value; } // escape any special char var pattern = '(' + currentValue.replace(/[|\\{}()[\]^$+*?.]/g, "\\$&") + ')'; var highlight_and_escape = function(val){ return val.replace(new RegExp(pattern, 'gi'), '<strong>$1<\/strong>') .replace(/&/g, '&') .replace(/</g, '<') .replace(/>/g, '>') .replace(/"/g, '"') .replace(/<(\/?strong)>/g, '<$1>'); }; return '<span class="auto-xref">' + highlight_and_escape(suggestion.data.xref) + '</span> ' + '<span class="auto-omaid">' + suggestion.data.omaid + '</span>' + '<span class="auto-species">' + highlight_and_escape(suggestion.data.genome.species) + '</span>'; }, onSelect: function(item){ window.location.href = "/oma/vps/" + item.data.entry_nr; return false; }, response: function( event, ui ) {console.log('HOG')} }; $('#input_token_search_search_nav').autocomplete(autocomplete_opts); </script> <!-- Modal --> <div class="modal fade" data-backdrop="false" id="exampleModal_search_nav" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="exampleModalLabelsearch_nav" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg modal-dialog-centered" > <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h4 class="modal-title" id="exampleModalLabelsearch_nav">How to use the search in OMA Browser ?</h4> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </div> <div class="modal-body" style="text-align: justify"> <strong>How does the search work?</strong> <p>Input a query in the search field. Everytime you press Space or Enter after a word, a <b>token</b> will be created. The token is composed of a <b>prefix</b> describing how the query should be treated and the actual <b>query</b> itself.</p> <strong>What are the different types of tokens?</strong> <p>Each token represents either a Gene, HOG, OMA group, or Taxon. Prefixes are used to specify which category to associate with the query term. </p> <table class="table table-bordered"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">Category</th> <th scope="col">Prefixes</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="row">Genes</th> <td>id, go, ec, description, domain, sequence</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">HOGs</th> <td>hog, sequence</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">OMA Groups</th> <td>omagroup, fingerprint, sequence</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Taxon</th> <td>species, taxid, taxon</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <small>For example, the token [go:4225] will search for genes in the OMA database annotated with the GO:0004225 gene ontology term. </small> <br> <strong>How to search for a multi-word query?</strong> <p>If your query term is composed of multiple words (e.g homo sapiens), use " " to encapsulate it. </p> <strong>How many tokens can I have?</strong> <p>There is no limit on the number of tokens. It is not possible to enter multiple tokens of different categories, except taxon, which can be combined with other categories. For example, you can search for 'hog:60627 species:HUMAN' to return human genes found in HOG:606207. </p> <strong>How to edit/delete a token?</strong> <p>To edit a query, click on it to modify the input field. To edit a prefix, click on the dropdown icon to select another one. To remove a token, click on the x to delete it.</p> <strong>Autosuggest</strong> <p>Typing a query without hitting enter or space will prompt an autosuggestion for the identifier after a few seconds.</p> </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-dismiss="modal">Close</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <form method="POST" id='form_' action="/oma/search-token/" > <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="iTdqNHCX6B0c3yNEV69m2EPzvTc3GgBlBRQ3D4AWa2Vdr3ebzinwi7zNoIQYrDaq"> <div id="search_nav"> <div id="search_nav_input_part" :class="multiline ? 'ml-input' : 'sl-input'"> <span class="material-symbols-outlined help_icon" @click="modal_clicked"> help </span> <div id="token-container_search_nav" :class="multiline ? 'ml-token-con' : 'sl-token-con'" > <span v-for="token, index in tokens" :key="token" class="token-input__tag"> <select class="prefix-dropdown" @change="on_change_prefix($event.target, token)"> <template v-for="(prefixes_list, prefix_type) in prefixes"> <optgroup :label="prefix_type" > <option v-for="prefix in prefixes_list" :key="prefix" :selected="prefix == token.prefix"> $[ prefix ]$ </option> </optgroup> </template> </select> <span class="vl"></span> <p style="display: inline" @click='detokenize(index)'> $[ format_token_string(token.query) ]$ </p> <span @click='removeToken(index)' class="token-delete">X</span> </select> </span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="hidden_query" :value="post_query_search_nav"> <input type='text' :placeholder='placeholder' ref="input_handle" class='token-input__text' id="input_token_search_search_nav" @keydown.enter='enter_from_input' @keydown.space='addToken' @keydown.delete='removeLastToken' /> <button class=" button_search float-right" id="button_submit" ref="submit_button" :disabled="is_empty()" @click='collect_token()' type="submit"> <img style='width: 24px;' src="/static/image/logo-oma-o.svg" alt="Logo OMA icon"/> </button> </div> <div style="display: flex" v-show="show_error"> <small style="color: red; margin-right: auto;" > $[this.error_message]$ </small> </div> </div> </form> </span> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggler ml-auto collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> <span></span> <span></span> <span></span> </button> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> <div class="navbar-nav ml-auto"> <div class="search"> <h3>Search</h3> <script src="/static/js/vue.js"></script> <style> .button_search { cursor:pointer; align-self: center; height: 100%; background-color: transparent; border: none; margin-right: 4px; margin-left: auto; order: 2; } .button_search:disabled { cursor:not-allowed; } .help_icon { align-self: center; font-size: 1.5em; margin: 4px; cursor: pointer; } .prefix-dropdown { border: none; background-color: transparent; } .vl { border-left: 2px solid grey; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 4px; } #search_min_input_part { display: flex; border: 1px solid #eee; font-size: 0.9em; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0 0 0 4px; border-radius: 500px; } .ml-input{} .sl-input{height: 50px;} .token-input__tag { height: 30px; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px; background-color: #eee; margin-top: 10px; line-height: 30px; padding: 0 5px; border-radius: 5px; } .token-input__tag > span { cursor: pointer; opacity: 0.75; } .token-input__text { border: none; outline: none; font-size: 0.9em; line-height: 50px; flex-grow: 1; background: transparent; } .token-delete { margin-left: 4px; color: red; } #token-container_search_min{ overflow: scroll; display: inline; } .ml-token-con{margin-bottom: 8px;} .sl-token-con{white-space: nowrap;} </style> <script type="module"> const {createApp} = Vue window.search_token_vue_search_min = createApp({ data() { return { tokens: [], //{query: 'HUMAN', single_term: true, prefix: "Species", type: "Taxon"} prefixes: { 'Protein': ['proteinid','xref','go','ec','description','domain','sequence'], 'Taxon': ['species','taxid', 'taxon'], 'HOG': ['hog','sequence'], 'OMA_Group': ['og', 'fingerprint','sequence'], }, default_prefix : 'description', show_error: false, error_message : " Error.", post_query_search_min: '', multiline: false, wild_card: 'sequence', placeholder: ' "Blue-light photoreceptor" | proteinid:P53_RAT | species:"Drosophila melanogaster" ', //'P53_RAT | Insulin | species:HUMAN | "auxin response factor"', placeholder_default: 'proteinid:P53_RAT | "Blue-light photoreceptor" | species:"Drosophila melanogaster" ' //'P53_RAT | Insulin | species:HUMAN | "auxin response factor"', } }, compilerOptions: { delimiters: ["$[", "]$"] }, methods: { get_list_prefixes(lowercase=false){ let lp = [].concat(...Object.values(this.prefixes)); if (lowercase){ lp = lp.map(element => {return element.toLowerCase();}); } return lp }, get_prefix_used(){ return this.tokens.map(x => this.get_type_prefix(x.prefix)); }, get_type_prefix(prefix){ for (var key in this.prefixes) { if (this.prefixes.hasOwnProperty(key)) { if (this.prefixes[key].includes(prefix.toLowerCase())){ return key } } } return null }, addToken(event) { event.preventDefault() let val = event.target.value.trim(); if (val.length === 0 && this.tokens.length > 0){ this.collect_token() // wanted to auto search if press and empty + token but post request miss post_query data } else { var sinle_term = val[0] !== '"'; var multi_term_closed = (val.length > 1 && val[val.length - 1] === '"') var has_prefix = val.includes(':') var prefix_end = val[val.length - 1] === ':' var p = has_prefix ? val.split(':')[0].toLowerCase() : this.default_prefix; // If prefix but not valid if (has_prefix && !this.get_list_prefixes(true).includes(p.toLowerCase())) { this.show_error = true; this.error_message = "Error: Incorrect prefix." return; } else { this.show_error = false; } // If something typed if (val.length > 0) { // Multiple word query if (!sinle_term) { // STOP if multiple not closed if (!multi_term_closed) { if (event.code === "Space") { event.target.value = val + ' ' } return } } // STOP if the prefix is fine and we are at : if (prefix_end) { return } // has a prefix if (has_prefix) { var tmp = val.split(':')[1].trim() sinle_term = tmp[0] !== '"'; multi_term_closed = (val.length > 1 && tmp[tmp.length - 1] === '"') // multiple term if (!sinle_term) { // STOP if not closed if (!multi_term_closed) { if (event.code === "Space") { event.target.value = val + ' ' } return } } val = tmp } if (this.validate_token(val.replaceAll('"', ''), sinle_term, p)) { val = val.replaceAll('"', '') this.tokens.push({ query: val, single_term: sinle_term, prefix: p, type: this.get_type_prefix(p) }); event.target.value = ''; } } } document.getElementById("token-container_search_nav").scrollLeft += 200000; }, addToken_and_search(event){ this.addToken(event); if (this.tokens.length > 0){ this.collect_token() this.$refs.submit_button.click(); } }, removeToken(index) { this.tokens.splice(index, 1) }, removeLastToken(event) { if (event.target.value.length === 0) { this.removeToken(this.tokens.length - 1) } }, enter_from_input(event) { if (event.target.value.trim().length > 0) {this.addToken(event)} else{ event.target.nextElementSibling.focus().click() } }, collect_token(){ this.post_query_search_min = JSON.stringify(this.tokens) }, detokenize(index){ var token = this.tokens.splice(index, 1)[0]; var input_token_search = document.getElementById('input_token_search_search_min'); var token_str = token.prefix + ': ' token_str += token.single_term ? '' : '"' token_str += token.query token_str += token.single_term ? '' : '"' input_token_search.value = token_str }, on_change_prefix(target, t){ var prefix = target.value if (this.validate_token(t.query, t.single_term,prefix, true)){ t.prefix = prefix.toLowerCase() } else { target.value = t.prefix; } }, validate_token(val, sinle_term, p , OnChange=false){ if (this.wild_card.includes(p)){ return true } // todo Validate type val is valid for p // validate prefix not in conflict with other prefix var pu = this.get_prefix_used(); var current_prefix_type = this.get_type_prefix(p) if (current_prefix_type !== 'Taxon'){ var no_taxon = pu.filter(x => x !== 'Taxon'); if (no_taxon.length == 0){return true} else if (OnChange && no_taxon.length == 1){return true} else if (no_taxon.length > 0 && no_taxon.includes(current_prefix_type) ){return true} else if (no_taxon.length > 0 && !no_taxon.includes(current_prefix_type)) { this.show_error = true; this.error_message = "Warning: You are searching for " + no_taxon[0] + "; you can't add a token for " + current_prefix_type return false } } return true }, preload_token(tokens){ this.tokens = [] for (var i in tokens) { var token = tokens[i] if (this.validate_token(token.query, token.sinle_term, token.prefix )){ this.tokens.push({query: token.query, single_term: token.sinle_term, prefix: token.prefix, type:token.type}); } } this.placeholder = ''; this.$refs.input_handle.focus(); }, is_empty(){return this.tokens.length === 0}, modal_clicked(){ $('#exampleModal_search_min').modal('show') }, format_token_string(str){ if (str.length < 20){return str} return str.slice(0, 20) + '...' } }, }).mount('#search_min') var autocomplete_opts = { paramName: 'search', serviceUrl: '/api/xref/', minChars: 3, triggerSelectOnValidInput: false, deferRequestBy: 200, transformResult: function (response) { var json = JSON.parse(response); var xref_source_order = ['UniProtKB/SwissProt', 'UniProtKB/TrEMBL', 'Ensembl Protein', 'Ensembl Gene', 'Ensembl Transcript', 'RefSeq', 'EntrezGene', 'FlyBase', 'WormBase', 'EnsemblGenomes', 'NCBI', 'EMBL', 'SourceID', 'SourceAC', 'HGNC', 'Gene Name', 'Synonym', 'Protein Name', 'ORF Name', 'Ordered Locus Name', 'PDB', 'Swiss Model', 'STRING', 'neXtProt', 'Bgee', 'EPD', 'ChEMBL', 'GlyConnect', 'SwissPalm', 'DisGeNET', 'WikiGene', 'IPI', 'GI', 'n/a']; json.sort(function (a, b){ const idx_a = xref_source_order.indexOf(a.source), idx_b = xref_source_order.indexOf(b.source); if (idx_a === idx_b){ return a.xref > b.xref ? 1 : -1; } return idx_a - idx_b; }); return { suggestions: $.map(json, function (dataItem) { return {value: dataItem.xref, data: dataItem}; }) }; }, groupBy: 'source', formatResult: function(suggestion, currentValue) { // Do not replace anything if there current value is empty if (!currentValue) { return suggestion.value; } // escape any special char var pattern = '(' + currentValue.replace(/[|\\{}()[\]^$+*?.]/g, "\\$&") + ')'; var highlight_and_escape = function(val){ return val.replace(new RegExp(pattern, 'gi'), '<strong>$1<\/strong>') .replace(/&/g, '&') .replace(/</g, '<') .replace(/>/g, '>') .replace(/"/g, '"') .replace(/<(\/?strong)>/g, '<$1>'); }; return '<span class="auto-xref">' + highlight_and_escape(suggestion.data.xref) + '</span> ' + '<span class="auto-omaid">' + suggestion.data.omaid + '</span>' + '<span class="auto-species">' + highlight_and_escape(suggestion.data.genome.species) + '</span>'; }, onSelect: function(item){ window.location.href = "/oma/vps/" + item.data.entry_nr; return false; }, response: function( event, ui ) {console.log('HOG')} }; $('#input_token_search_search_min').autocomplete(autocomplete_opts); </script> <!-- Modal --> <div class="modal fade" data-backdrop="false" id="exampleModal_search_min" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="exampleModalLabelsearch_min" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg modal-dialog-centered" > <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h4 class="modal-title" id="exampleModalLabelsearch_min">How to use the search in OMA Browser ?</h4> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </div> <div class="modal-body" style="text-align: justify"> <strong>How does the search work?</strong> <p>Input a query in the search field. Everytime you press Space or Enter after a word, a <b>token</b> will be created. The token is composed of a <b>prefix</b> describing how the query should be treated and the actual <b>query</b> itself.</p> <strong>What are the different types of tokens?</strong> <p>Each token represents either a Gene, HOG, OMA group, or Taxon. Prefixes are used to specify which category to associate with the query term. </p> <table class="table table-bordered"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">Category</th> <th scope="col">Prefixes</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="row">Genes</th> <td>id, go, ec, description, domain, sequence</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">HOGs</th> <td>hog, sequence</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">OMA Groups</th> <td>omagroup, fingerprint, sequence</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Taxon</th> <td>species, taxid, taxon</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <small>For example, the token [go:4225] will search for genes in the OMA database annotated with the GO:0004225 gene ontology term. </small> <br> <strong>How to search for a multi-word query?</strong> <p>If your query term is composed of multiple words (e.g homo sapiens), use " " to encapsulate it. </p> <strong>How many tokens can I have?</strong> <p>There is no limit on the number of tokens. It is not possible to enter multiple tokens of different categories, except taxon, which can be combined with other categories. For example, you can search for 'hog:60627 species:HUMAN' to return human genes found in HOG:606207. </p> <strong>How to edit/delete a token?</strong> <p>To edit a query, click on it to modify the input field. To edit a prefix, click on the dropdown icon to select another one. To remove a token, click on the x to delete it.</p> <strong>Autosuggest</strong> <p>Typing a query without hitting enter or space will prompt an autosuggestion for the identifier after a few seconds.</p> </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-dismiss="modal">Close</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <form method="POST" id='form_' action="/oma/search-token/" > <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="iTdqNHCX6B0c3yNEV69m2EPzvTc3GgBlBRQ3D4AWa2Vdr3ebzinwi7zNoIQYrDaq"> <div id="search_min"> <div id="search_min_input_part" :class="multiline ? 'ml-input' : 'sl-input'"> <span class="material-symbols-outlined help_icon" @click="modal_clicked"> help </span> <div id="token-container_search_min" :class="multiline ? 'ml-token-con' : 'sl-token-con'" > <span v-for="token, index in tokens" :key="token" class="token-input__tag"> <select class="prefix-dropdown" @change="on_change_prefix($event.target, token)"> <template v-for="(prefixes_list, prefix_type) in prefixes"> <optgroup :label="prefix_type" > <option v-for="prefix in prefixes_list" :key="prefix" :selected="prefix == token.prefix"> $[ prefix ]$ </option> </optgroup> </template> </select> <span class="vl"></span> <p style="display: inline" @click='detokenize(index)'> $[ format_token_string(token.query) ]$ </p> <span @click='removeToken(index)' class="token-delete">X</span> </select> </span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="hidden_query" :value="post_query_search_min"> <input type='text' :placeholder='placeholder' ref="input_handle" class='token-input__text' id="input_token_search_search_min" @keydown.enter='enter_from_input' @keydown.space='addToken' @keydown.delete='removeLastToken' /> <button class=" button_search float-right" id="button_submit" ref="submit_button" :disabled="is_empty()" @click='collect_token()' type="submit"> <img style='width: 24px;' src="/static/image/logo-oma-o.svg" alt="Logo OMA icon"/> </button> </div> <div style="display: flex" v-show="show_error"> <small style="color: red; margin-right: auto;" > $[this.error_message]$ </small> </div> </div> </form> </div> <ul class="navbar-nav"> <!-- explore dropdown --> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle text-nowrap" href="#" id="navbarDropdown" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Explore <span class="caret"></span></a> <div class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/oma/release/">Species/release information</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/oma/phylostratigraphy/">Phylostratigraphy</a> <div class="dropdown-divider"></div> <div role="presentation" class="dropdown-header">Quick access to</div> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/oma/genome/">Extant and Ancestral genomes</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/oma/landOMA/">OMA groups</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/oma/hogs/">Hierarchical orthologous groups (HOGs)</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/oma/landAnnotation/">Functional annotations</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/oma/synteny/">Local synteny</a> </div> </li> <!-- compute dropdown --> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a href="#" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle text-nowrap" data-toggle="dropdown">Tools <span class="caret"></span></a> <div class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"> <div role="presentation" class="dropdown-header">Online tools</div> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/oma/fastmapping/">Fast mapping</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/oma/functions/">Functional prediction</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/oma/dotplot/">Synteny dotplot</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/oma/genomePW/">Genome pair orthology</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/oma/go_enrichment/">GO enrichment analysis</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/oma/omamo/search/">OMA-MO: Find model organism</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://omark.omabrowser.org">OMArk: Assess proteome quality</a> <div class="dropdown-divider"></div> <div role="presentation" class="dropdown-header">Software</div> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://omabrowser.org/standalone/">OMA StandAlone</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://github.com/dessimozlab/read2tree">read2tree</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://github.com/dessimozlab/FastOMA">FastOMA</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://github.com/dessimozlab/pyham">pyHam</a> <div class="dropdown-divider"></div> <div role="presentation" class="dropdown-header">Visualisation tools</div> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://phylo.io/">Phylo.io</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://github.com/dessimozlab/iham">IHam</a> <div class="dropdown-divider"></div> <a class="dropdown-item text-center" href="/oma/tools/"><b> <i class="fas fa-toolbox"></i> See all OMA tools</b></a> </div> </li> <!-- Download dropdown --> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a href="#" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle text-nowrap" data-toggle="dropdown">Download <span class="caret"></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"> <div role="presentation" class="dropdown-header">OMA database files</div> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/oma/current/">Current release</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/oma/export/">Export All/All</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/oma/export_markers">Export marker genes</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/oma/archives/">Archives</a> <div class="dropdown-divider"></div> <div role="presentation" class="dropdown-header">API</div> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/api/docs">OMA API</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/oma/APISOAP/">SOAP</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/OmaDB.html">R API binding</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://github.com/DessimozLab/pyomadb">Python API binding</a> <div class="dropdown-divider"></div> <div role="presentation" class="dropdown-header">Semantic web</div> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://sparql.omabrowser.org/">SPARQL endpoint</a> <div class="dropdown-divider"></div> <a class="dropdown-item text-center" href="/oma/uses/"><b> <i class="fas fa-keyboard"></i> Access the OMA data</b></a> </ul> </li> <!-- Help dropdown --> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a href="#" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle text-nowrap" data-toggle="dropdown">Help <span class="caret"></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-right" role="menu"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/oma/about/">Introduction</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/oma/type/">Orthology Basics</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/oma/homologs/">Type of homologs</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/oma/uses/">Access the OMA data</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/oma/tools/">Catalog of tools</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/oma/suggestion/genome/">Suggesting a genome</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/oma/FAQ/">FAQ</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.biostars.org/tag/oma/">Q&A on BioStars</a> <a class="dropdown-item " href="/oma/glossary/"> Glossary</a> <div class="dropdown-divider"></div> <a class="dropdown-item text-center" href="/oma/academy/"><b> <i class="fas fa-book"></i> OMA Academy</b></a> </ul> </li> <!-- about dropdown --> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle text-nowrap" href="#" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">About <span class="caret"></span></a> <div class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-right" role="menu"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/oma/about/">OMA</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/oma/team/">Team</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/oma/sab/">SAB</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/oma/funding/">Funding</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/oma/terms_of_use/">Terms of use</a> <div class="dropdown-divider"></div> <a class="dropdown-item" href="mailto:contact@omabrowser.org"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-envelope"></span> Contact</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="oma-generic-container"> <div class="container"> <div class="jumbotron"> <h1>Orthology Basics</h1> <div class="oma-seperator"> <span class="colour1"></span> <span class="colour2"></span> <span class="colour3"></span> </div> <div class="card card-header-oma border-0"> <div class="card-body"> <p class="text-justify">The study of genetic material almost always starts with identifying, within or across species, homologous regions—regions of common ancestry. It is useful to distinguish between two classes of homologous genes: orthologs, which are pairs of genes that started diverging via evolutionary speciation, and paralogs, which are pairs of genes that started diverging via gene duplication. </p> <img src="/static/image/example_gene_tree_species-1.png" class="rounded mx-auto d-block w-50 p-3 " alt="Simple evolutionary scenario"> <div class=" w-75 text-justify mx-auto small"> <b> (a) Simple evolutionary scenario of a gene family with two speciation events (S1 and S2) and one duplication event (star). The type of events completely and unambiguously define all pairs of orthologs and paralogs: The frog gene is orthologous to all other genes (they coalesce at S1). The red and blue genes are orthologs between themselves (they coalesce at S2), but paralogs between each other (they coalesce at star). <br> (b) The corresponding orthology graph. The genes are represented here by vertices and orthology relationships by edges. The frog gene forms one-to-many orthology with both the human and dog genes, because it is orthologous to more than one sequence in each of these organisms. </b> </div> <br> <p class="text-justify">In comparative genomics and phylogenetics, the fundamental concept of orthology relates “corresponding” genes in different species: orthologs are pairs of genes which have evolved from a single gene in the last common ancestor. Among many applications, orthologs are useful to infer species trees and tend to be functionally conserved. <br><br> <small class="float-right">Please see <a href="https://genome.cshlp.org/content/29/7/1152.full">(Altenhoff et al. 2019)</a>, <a href="https://f1000research.com/articles/9-27/v1">(Zahn-Zabal et al. 2020)</a> for more information.</small> </p> </div> </div> <div class="card card-header-oma border-0"> <div class="card-body"> <h2> Orthology Definitions </h2> <hr> <p class="text-justify"> Orthology is a relation defined over a pair of homologous genes, where the two genes have emerged through a speciation event. </p> <img src="/static/image/gene_tree-1.png" class="rounded mx-auto d-block w-50 p-3 " alt="Simple evolutionary scenario"> <div class="w-75 text-justify mx-auto small"> <b > In this gene tree, S1 and S2 at internal nodes represent speciation events. The star (D1) represents a duplication event. x1, y1, x2, y2, and z1 represent extant genes. </b> </div> <br> <br> <p class="text-justify"> Example pairs of orthologs are (x1, y1) or (x2, z1). Orthologs can be further subclassified into one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one, and many-to-many orthologs. The qualifiers one and many indicate for each of the two involved genes whether they underwent an additional duplication after the speciation between the two genomes. Hence, the gene pair (x1, y1) is an example of a one-to-one orthologous pair, whereas (x2, z1) is a many-to-one ortholog relation. </p> <p class="text-justify"> <b><a href="/oma/glossary/#g-para">Paralogy</a></b> is a relation defined over a pair of homologous genes that have emerged through a gene duplication, e.g., (x1, x2) or (x1, y2). </p> <p class="text-justify"> <b>In-Paralogy</b> is a relation defined over a triplet. It involves a pair of genes and a speciation event of reference. A gene pair is an in-paralog if they are paralogs and duplicated after the speciation event of reference. The pair (x1, y2) are in-paralogs with respect to the speciation event S1. </p> <p class="text-justify"> <b>Out-Paralogy</b> is also a relation defined over a pair of genes and a speciation event of reference. This pair is out-paralogs if the duplication event through which they are related to each other predates the speciation event of reference. Hence, the pair (x1, y2) are out-paralogs with respect to the speciation event S2. </p> <p class="text-justify"> <b>Co-orthology</b> is a relation defined over three genes, where two of them are in-paralogs with respect to the speciation event associated with the third gene. The two in-paralogous genes are said to be co-orthologous to the third (out-group) gene. Thus, x1 and y2 are co-orthologs with respect to z1. </p> <p class="text-justify"> <b><a href="/oma/glossary/#g-homoe">Homoeology</a></b> is a specific type of homologous relation in a polyploid species, which thus contain multiple “sub-genomes.” This relation describes pairs of genes that originated by speciation and were brought back together in the same genome by allopolyploidization (hybridization). Thus, in the absence of rearrangement, homoeologs can be thought of as orthologs between sub-genomes. </p> <small class="float-right">Please see <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9074-0_5">(Altenhoff et al. 2019)</a>, <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1360138516000595?via%3Dihub">(Glover et al. 2016) </a> for more information.</small> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>