CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "www.tandfonline.com",cType: 'managed',cRay: '91351cf5cd6b81c0',cH: 'Yj5OtITz79VIC7j.tKwJh.BL0FDH7QBbhI6llmxm5.0-1739788342-1.2.1.1-HfseD2bLF4LRSEx2W68Jbg3dEgz8EnhmfU2vLh5xPn23XlBoPTfdRICLElsYSOh.',cUPMDTk: "\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02626669109492542?__cf_chl_tk=ve_BAOs7UmxEG754zQUSAd8C7siIeycI9sMBRM5IslI-1739788342-1.0.1.1-KsHChMpzT8_Gx12JgeXPZ92HWoDs_wC.LWs_3kM3lsA",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739788342',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02626669109492542?__cf_chl_f_tk=ve_BAOs7UmxEG754zQUSAd8C7siIeycI9sMBRM5IslI-1739788342-1.0.1.1-KsHChMpzT8_Gx12JgeXPZ92HWoDs_wC.LWs_3kM3lsA",md: "mAPeIIDMdMhnIMp2so.pwIfEN_f_tk53NscIUeCwxlE-1739788342-1.2.1.1-zcCT0p5JFHtkjMAyAvPaKg0KdDfvQDJkCEehFhQGUnEI0MH7FcQgxhxsEs.a3SV9oBHUn9IzhKy2itRkMJ4aMGeZXGCUURGZoE3vonZmzLkGNBKaqRqD5E7FGGH40l76IoQd0JiSAY4IcMRLB.B064fdMd7Nfst8J4.efq1xuKuqNANMRGTITLFeBNc0Egx58wq9QDDra51gVqqxT.qBeqG6tRRNnud3SAulebSaKhlVnK.77VVF57nz0LB.lbkObj_0ZCX5lKlg8.iN6lLyv.GqRB4nJbCDb9uqHWYNxyMq_DohLgvrjlwST8tOuCmaiPrsR.vZaxtNDkTDCjF2I52LvjckPuEqWRndZAzZBPn9IBVlwsQVaI1YGFtgBImTeJndSDJn6c5347n26xTKGnA.g0Mu0PuBZyC0M2H0UHLLnyqCis3h3_EE8P.e.LkWsDHishk9q9ZWjtFz7hjaOPJ8DPve291SEi56WJUKhIejVkf6yDi..FJ0LKsBc4TB_APacI2kVFAkIUMAHcHbKX_R8TKbQX5cF6zmXEaQQhjLd3ML9ogNJrvNptobG8vjWV0KL18hsuzTm9RBreei_1nOFRa49uhfOW9Ncq5v1DqEKRh9LI1EiOV6yo7YuIhi2SGvFeoKnQ.8dHtLcPG.mKlheGf3MG2Yw6gBRwUd9.1OiNMBB0n2Ixc8FLsIbPV1131dkigfxd4KiSx0glS17iRKqJ0387AMQK2co2MoVnutj38u3gKMTkVgPlLO1MiHCwMIEiToHZkJpOznJlpiVJDdWWR4rsbJ9TXeRPEyLa3myzv7IEn77hoZRHTxNB8OeYJY.jgP14UfoOlfrFQ5cA97BsnLMsKpx7RLobsec82osJ1mOes.RhHS5Yl4f9gZta0IdUAonqFTMp9ht4Efo2X7rqihwvsTZ8DNuahi7VOBHwyG92N59MX16bnUwrPtaX0F48jmAjGnkKlZcvafAws_2VOVhwKS7jplXHHo6XIj5inbdYmRbz.2GmdaUSwkT1gWb_LtBz2oFFVnnrJgdVDZA.g3BhRYxkatRbk050EQbqo0SjNgHl7Equty6xhn8s2n5Ccg.Q8yMuKWOeK_IJVw.6rSh1nWa_TiSiKijYYLIBoyf9Mxtw19VECsrmUOeCgNFTSbS9q31NHYvSzXdbVXfYy6.aqCd.fuWNp1PgEXWwGGARlZyf39Pkm3SNzDfOJ5bRBtOupDz2ZEV1HJuTOwGLR.JqzotkSvqAklYuFDCqNkOc5tePdK2h2cKbHIitW55.HoWSt.F46ZUcbdRoGHDGNefnxbEXjWH3AQjHLpLgIXQzOB_ewAwPoRdQJqvdtddbQsWbVXsOihrUj_diyqlPuhAY2VJmKfEX2JBkl3HG7PcOaKd0qjt9hFl4d2nB.GANmrPTDWJxaKepnqVZpjM6pasKEMnftoJqMNk4n3aUxvwouQdahKzjpJUw16X5DkE1DHxqn0Ir7vUpAnazDw1Gt1iECrvh56FjcQSEr5LLYensYapdpnXOuPcNd1ibDhIMB5879BLjtalq5hxG97gBeGCXHI8fZgD9U6hobXwKw.iuN6g36Ruz2vp7kSz0_KJ0mnizT3N9jLuxdaYBW9MNNyvdgSYBUOo1iJpvwlT_vj4eOjqXqUpghLSPN3288ed9LZ8t0u2HZtkwoQKhcATH.kZ3JI3AszW5ar2gItSPA5gPKOtyZSr1LNvHal8l3GrQFCp3OsdSM9o5YwYFUm6sLMkXyc7Y0yB2ZFJgdKE54T82AgvkDsP6802exdvN4Ww7aRaD0fkFdUznmwCJsztd7.akpu30qblDi7x6zL8KykYuLRS59CQaqPI5US1sFb1kwt0JFGSW1gCdVWoGcsvE24NtEvewHWhjKLDFILKhYOdfei4tlzBZel78U69hofTzjmPKtV5lHwVLIyTfLDrPkL1nG_l5OdXbdI9gYNi_FclpSb_LJxOnqB5yWn2BkpxGUyAzS_UGuV1usWDW7PF4ubumW6Ux8vqU0qTuSXoz8oqY9W6XomXS7217Wd7mII9EdV6CQDQ189OsZGOwiGGfmPZ.krX67vBjJ6ycsDQV.ibGjIuwKkZ3tShkm.jwcgKcLVNK1viusiYwgD.B4mMVFUiCmG8WAF.yV68BwsCillINeI5kLBSOqtLA3F2AC0RLEO.ptXcLriheNPm3H5C7p0pewuLpf_x2SNd1KCsjJsAcdiJQ.dSJYYUfISQeDCXXACV2jDzhS_hRYzickOQuTCMMcBBw0FWoFRRWUmCRwGASphzWPd0m7j06qVkZARIZ2rTnhePbJIR7B91s_0G2It_LQrfOBX5fzXSQ8RXfiPiBLdKUabrZ2ud0xDnmWsWfNMwms8Gefn.RO0UVb81lWUbUHcN7TaxiEwujopBSEVGiFtoOt4qhkgwSnoE8inxFYfSAOVwSjQoYF8pLFR6a9yy.DepavsDqoc11U5.XpQL8VHaNdHAAtyiNXWZeiNEv8AkwejmXVPdvyDk1RHcLQqLhh0jkknGieFpSrXSF_PZ9gV9UiUQbaUIsbv1Xk53w6LMSDTTr9CT7VFkwyu4wEzHVCT7dbzNI_JETw",mdrd: "pIy_lbEy9_Q6EgcZSUIDjgBzVosNf5EL.CHvmwRvk1E-1739788342-1.2.1.1-i6eFq3z31zlC0X6CtKDcT9sIJ5a5fUMnkjkVwKS9EKEuuOFvTMxivzSvRsu2hgVpaEH302T9pQiHXoSiE.7ks5onzuUCXEt4T9361aANjpyZYCdPCLt3szTHGIZ2ho298a.awzl4PdKIeUrmxUaAamwY_.zU9b4jcY3Uw0oHRY54sMkoGn6jHIDpyTjvNpCVcMci4vPQ5xBJLKklzdD7nVT5CR90dpsw9ltJ9e9uNg4qMM8M2.j9gtgGuhzUGxv59WqRum8GKHfQ3t8Or8Jl2oNXH4ihYqOp98U24ibsMIyQu0Yslqn23dMKUCJvgwuyydY3O9x7jz0AT5O0AsD4.HoDZOpruboR4tp..SPw1tGKgQxcz6HV1pmjX4MJpb5gb1DZ3uvCrxitD4WDljF7E6xZM_V84P3JP0NXUHoI6vDZp44uXi4REfZsUneeDDziZpRNdT8epU6xxL4d5yIdGGhmZlwnKcrijck48EPjXAqfcZh1ZT4s_AlfB_FguK9HqAwz.oUcLACb63FiZ6q0kBiONqpyGzS0EGzLcgdWipljNtSCIV6orDsYmxi1PKdoPnDFWTPGx0ubBkR0pLV8iVo4c9tpCFvx4OcsZVA8cfLOcq8iFqr7LrHX7XW2IrbV4vo33cGG.LSF1q15Kso9xC4T2gsc4SBagcDVRkNs57ubqfpVc5tM4034HptmFceCLKKGA6XzIlWO3pHVOivTlvLiO.kYh0xwE5zm8qaVO49w3Hubomustsv3FTOjzzIwMgdnGm2SXUtKa9sBM.RL_tpklJSUezPfUhBVIjPvN1_y8Kjr96QcVX7qQ7LsiDwfnKmNcnd2nZ.ZfN.LTlAVjayyszJ3bk3vcLHtAZiS4SQmb80nLyoL.ZOYaoQxrsoQ2wJw1vKe4UZTNyHcUSV7ZXd7lC1jmAIwbg7uE7.7AO6RPjTS7JYIV7jfyg81xaRD6yuN_0sh58n0WWPLrM9QoWlNAwSkCl53sq8pTYlKEZe0ouJF8N7mtJCJZ6784UF92f0WnaBHZR0IfLMcWx1hpKMEHkGzH3BeC2XYs_L.2L2yODiTDHlgJps_PKSy3qwNA4efTCz3eZfpoKky3ydqKDNoVwu7xNTzgu6HG2XlE6x9cTdceq_UKsthVjCg5B1WbWAURYvfyNdgkezivUN_t13WJqlXq3N2XhumdMHdvwwL5YDIuLw.ICUd5B5xs7scOalg5X.1Q48LeeofXix3nHL5vf2w2IPmyb3WExy5OtxYhaiwOe0bchZi6RPdsBYTvX_01JCOqFAOVUCtfLTRtCDewgWKupNJ.hLz3BTYyB9T7vkxZQNQlQMn4WutbbXnQxuIkKdg8ne7o1E4mhmgosjX61KpQt9l9.3u3cN_ofxEbJKbJx97HGS.7PApTbu83UeZ0hB5R9G6Toq11LaQOljC6IZe4FMDIw.ah49v4id7CM4HfokjC_aTA8laGTwZKyTBpoxWAmLtu0BOMyR.NgZyZxyT5LEcfG3OCVtcLbW1B4vZToKn6ROa1azaA5c8_TSivCQcUEFXPg5jO6QnoL5ykChGcFzrCMCRWUtjKBt.bc45c2aRirk4PhFKoKh_gbC26XtGlW3DVqEuSjpfK.I1ZxZ2qfVH_T8LjPjjXriEs9rYd1KPGnhNQBRWqrZnRbmbKff3krYPiAo522h9oVgaD5cFO.mojPGjZVWnljHrXlq.Ir9bix3WKY.iN2dPHcMZoA_Djo3jBsaSKpVqrR30EExcIAax8PmLfRzHyyC.nj1fxem6e48wux9h3l_wL9qDxJsk_SxgNbN4JKoW4LT7fgeMVwnbj0Vlv9AdTIClCf5Rl1jCLeWGSldwbFfaMeAiabtY6XugJkzZVV15rDVbQWGbPlc.rKb4ulwAZTPsrBYz0UqsbKgsrERUENTPNio98OGbUVxuo2VhGSqdw1zSgE.Z8MPFHy6YXOY4b2f55i3Wk1EhOTUKSVOrX8ms"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91351cf5cd6b81c0';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02626669109492542?__cf_chl_rt_tk=ve_BAOs7UmxEG754zQUSAd8C7siIeycI9sMBRM5IslI-1739788342-1.0.1.1-KsHChMpzT8_Gx12JgeXPZ92HWoDs_wC.LWs_3kM3lsA" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>