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<span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Clans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Clans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marriage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Marriage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Burial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Burial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Burial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Burial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Naming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Food" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Food"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Food</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Food-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ugandan ethnic group</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Bafumbira</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Kisoro_District_in_Uganda.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Kisoro_District_in_Uganda.svg/220px-Kisoro_District_in_Uganda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Kisoro_District_in_Uganda.svg/330px-Kisoro_District_in_Uganda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Kisoro_District_in_Uganda.svg/440px-Kisoro_District_in_Uganda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1441" data-file-height="1466" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Kisoro District</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">713,231<sup id="cite_ref-Census_2014_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_2014-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span data-sort-value="Uganda"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Rufumbira" class="mw-redirect" title="Rufumbira">Rufumbira</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Banyarwanda" title="Banyarwanda">Banyarwanda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kirundi" title="Kirundi">Barundi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rwanda-Rundi" title="Rwanda-Rundi">Other Rwanda-Rundi speakers</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox" style="background:#fff6d9"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Person</th><td class="infobox-data">Mufumbira</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">People</th><td class="infobox-data">Bafumbira</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">(U)Rufumbira</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">Bufumbira</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Batwa_children_-_Kisoro,_Uganda.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Batwa_children_-_Kisoro%2C_Uganda.jpg/220px-Batwa_children_-_Kisoro%2C_Uganda.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Batwa_children_-_Kisoro%2C_Uganda.jpg/330px-Batwa_children_-_Kisoro%2C_Uganda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Batwa_children_-_Kisoro%2C_Uganda.jpg/440px-Batwa_children_-_Kisoro%2C_Uganda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Batwa children - Kisoro, Uganda.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Bafumbira</b> (ethnonym: <i>Bafumbira</i>; singular <i>Mufumbira</i>), are a <a href="/wiki/Bantu_speaking_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantu speaking people">Bantu</a> <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">ethnic group</a> from <a href="/wiki/Kisoro" title="Kisoro">Kisoro</a> District in South Western <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a>. They are of three indigenous groups: <a href="/wiki/Bahutu" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahutu">Bahutu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Batutsi" class="mw-redirect" title="Batutsi">Batutsi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Batwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Batwa">Batwa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mamdani_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mamdani-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Weinstein_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weinstein-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bafumbira&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mountain_Muhavura(left)_and_Mountain_Gahinga(right).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Mountain_Muhavura%28left%29_and_Mountain_Gahinga%28right%29.jpg/220px-Mountain_Muhavura%28left%29_and_Mountain_Gahinga%28right%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Mountain_Muhavura%28left%29_and_Mountain_Gahinga%28right%29.jpg/330px-Mountain_Muhavura%28left%29_and_Mountain_Gahinga%28right%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Mountain_Muhavura%28left%29_and_Mountain_Gahinga%28right%29.jpg/440px-Mountain_Muhavura%28left%29_and_Mountain_Gahinga%28right%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Mountain Muhavura</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Batwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Batwa">Batwa</a> are believed to have been the earliest inhabitants of East Africa together with the Bambuti of Mt.Rwenzori and Ndorobo of Kenya. They do not lead a permanent settled life.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Bahutu" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahutu">Bahutu</a> are <a href="/wiki/Bantu_peoples" title="Bantu peoples">Bantu</a> and are believed to have migrated from the Congo around AD 1000. They entered Rwanda from the northwest. The Origin of <a href="/wiki/Batutsi" class="mw-redirect" title="Batutsi">Batutsi</a> is part <a href="/wiki/Nilotic" class="mw-redirect" title="Nilotic">Nilotic</a>/<a href="/wiki/Cushitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cushitic">Cushitic</a> assimilated in <a href="/wiki/Bantu_languages" title="Bantu languages">Bantu</a>. Some say they migrated through Karagwe in northern Tanzania. Others say that their origin could have been either <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>. This is because of the Batutsi semblance to the <a href="/wiki/Iraqw_people" title="Iraqw people">Iraqw people</a> and <a href="/wiki/Masai_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Masai people">Masai people</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-newuganda_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newuganda-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However because of continuous intermarriages there are no clear distinctions between these groups as all live in harmony as Bafumbira. The Bahutu, Batutsi, and Batwa are the three indigenous groups that make up the Bafumbira, they are essentially Banyarwanda and speak Kinyarwanda.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Bafumbira were part of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Rwanda" title="Kingdom of Rwanda">Kingdom of Rwanda</a> until 1910 when Kigezi was annexed to Uganda by the colonialists. In Rwanda, they were governed by chiefs who were under the leadership of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Rwanda" title="List of kings of Rwanda">Abami</a>. The Mwami used the agency system to govern. He used respected Tutsis and Hutus to govern. Because of extensive agriculture and population growth, Bafumbira migrated in the 1960s to other parts of Uganda for employment, obtained land and made settlements there but have maintained the Rufumbira culture in the areas of; Kamwenge, Kihihi, Bukuya, Kasanda, Mubende, Mityana, Kyazanga, Masaka and Luwero where the Rufumbira language is spoken to date. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language">Language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bafumbira&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Bafumbira speak a language called "Rufumbira". Rufumbira is a dialect of <a href="/wiki/Kinyarwanda" title="Kinyarwanda">Kinyarwanda</a>, The difference is in the accents and vocabulary used, as Uganda is an anglophone country and Rwanda was a francophone country.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bafumbira&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clans">Clans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bafumbira&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Clans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Bafumbira are divided into clans. They have eight major clans. The clans were divided along different totems ranging from animals, plants and bird species. Each clan was identified by the hill they occupied. The Bafumbira do not name their children according to these clans.<sup id="cite_ref-ugpulse_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ugpulse-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The clans include: </p> <ul><li>Abasindi</li> <li>Abachaba</li> <li>Abasinga</li> <li>Abakyondo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abazigaba" class="mw-redirect" title="Abazigaba">Abazigaba</a></li> <li>Abagahe</li> <li>Abagesera</li> <li>Abasigi</li> <li>Abagiri</li> <li>Abagara</li> <li>Abarihira</li> <li>Abungura</li> <li>Abatundu</li></ul> <p>The clans have subgroups. There are the Basinga under the Bagahe. Today, the Basinga are a clan like any other in Bufumbira. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriage">Marriage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bafumbira&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Marriage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Marriage among the Bafumbira was organised by the parents of the bride and groom. The boy and girl were not aware of the arrangement to marry until the day of marriage. It was a marriage between strangers. They would meet in a room after the wedding. The bride price was a cow. The parents of the girl would respect those of the boy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Burial">Burial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bafumbira&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Burial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Once a Mufumbira died, he or she was buried on the same day of his or her death if they are of a lower class without wealth, if he was of a high class of wealth and or title he would be mourned for at least two days. They would be buried in mats. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Naming">Naming</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bafumbira&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Naming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Bafumbira named their children depending on a family situation or the circumstances at hand. If a child was born in a period of brewing beer, that child was named "Senzoga". If the birth happened when the father of the child was on a journey, that child was named "Senzira". If there was a lot of food in the household at the time of the birth, the child was named "Nyirabakire". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bafumbira&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Bafumbira built huts. The roofs were thatched with sorghum and grass from swamps. The walls were circular and were built with mud and sticks. Today they build brick houses with either iron sheet roofs or tiled roofs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bafumbira&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>All Bafumbira worshipped one god, <a href="/wiki/Imana" title="Imana">Imana</a> (Rurema) as an all-loving, creator, provider and judge for all, a moral campus. Nyabingi and Lyangombe biheko were observed as mediums to Imana and received sacrifices in their shrines called <span title="Kinyarwanda-language text"><i lang="rw">indaro</i></span>. </p><p>Today many Bafumbira have adopted Christianity and Islam, with most of them being Christians. According to the 2002 Census of Uganda, 41.5% of Bafumbira are <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> (<a href="/wiki/Church_of_Uganda" title="Church of Uganda">Church of Uganda</a>), 37.7% are <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a>, 7.4% are <a href="/wiki/Pentecostal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentecostal">Pentecostal</a>, 5.1% follow other religions, 4.5% are <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist</a> and 3.4% are <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Food">Food</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bafumbira&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Food"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Bafumbira are cultivators. Their staple food is sorghum. sorghum grains can be cooked if harvested fresh or eaten raw if harvested dry. They can also be ground to make flour from which a variety of drinks are prepared. They also grow potatoes that do well in volcanic soils and legumes, mainly beans. The main foods are beans, peas, Irish potatoes, sweet potatoes, maize.<sup id="cite_ref-ugpulse_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ugpulse-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bafumbira&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Census_2014-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Census_2014_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171012091133/http://www.ubos.org/onlinefiles/uploads/ubos/NPHC/2014%20National%20Census%20Main%20Report.pdf">"2014 Uganda Population and Housing Census – Main Report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Uganda Bureau of Statistics. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ubos.org/onlinefiles/uploads/ubos/NPHC/2014%20National%20Census%20Main%20Report.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 12 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2014+Uganda+Population+and+Housing+Census+%E2%80%93+Main+Report&rft.pub=Uganda+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ubos.org%2Fonlinefiles%2Fuploads%2Fubos%2FNPHC%2F2014%2520National%2520Census%2520Main%2520Report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABafumbira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mamdani-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mamdani_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMahmood2014" class="citation book cs1">Mahmood, Mamdani (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CoWXAwAAQBAJ&q=bafumbira&pg=PA162"><i>When Victims Become Killers: Colonialism, Nativism, and the Genocide in Rwanda</i></a>. Princeton University Press. p. 162. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781400851720" title="Special:BookSources/9781400851720"><bdi>9781400851720</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=When+Victims+Become+Killers%3A+Colonialism%2C+Nativism%2C+and+the+Genocide+in+Rwanda&rft.pages=162&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781400851720&rft.aulast=Mahmood&rft.aufirst=Mamdani&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCoWXAwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dbafumbira%26pg%3DPA162&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABafumbira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weinstein-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Weinstein_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJeremy_M._WeinsteinJames_HabyarimanaMacartan_HumphreysDaniel_N._Posner2009" class="citation book cs1">Jeremy M. Weinstein; James Habyarimana; Macartan Humphreys; Daniel N. Posner (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qQQKvimchLgC&q=bafumbira+tribe&pg=PA148"><i>Coethnicity: Diversity and the Dilemmas of Collective Action</i></a>. Russell Sage Foundation. p. 148. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781610446389" title="Special:BookSources/9781610446389"><bdi>9781610446389</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coethnicity%3A+Diversity+and+the+Dilemmas+of+Collective+Action&rft.pages=148&rft.pub=Russell+Sage+Foundation&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781610446389&rft.au=Jeremy+M.+Weinstein&rft.au=James+Habyarimana&rft.au=Macartan+Humphreys&rft.au=Daniel+N.+Posner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqQQKvimchLgC%26q%3Dbafumbira%2Btribe%26pg%3DPA148&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABafumbira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.101lasttribes.com/tribes/bafumbira.html">"AFRICA | 101 Last Tribes - Bafumbira people"</a>. <i>www.101lasttribes.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.101lasttribes.com&rft.atitle=AFRICA+%7C+101+Last+Tribes+-+Bafumbira+people&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.101lasttribes.com%2Ftribes%2Fbafumbira.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABafumbira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-newuganda-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-newuganda_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20150127110945/http://www.newuganda.com/bafumbira-people-and-their-culture/">"Bafumbira People and their Culture"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newuganda.com/bafumbira-people-and-their-culture/">the original</a> on 2015-01-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bafumbira+People+and+their+Culture&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newuganda.com%2Fbafumbira-people-and-their-culture%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABafumbira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUganda2022" class="citation web cs1">Uganda, Here in (2022-06-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hereinuganda.com/the-bafumbira">"The Bafumbira"</a>. <i>Here in Uganda</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Here+in+Uganda&rft.atitle=The+Bafumbira&rft.date=2022-06-23&rft.aulast=Uganda&rft.aufirst=Here+in&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhereinuganda.com%2Fthe-bafumbira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABafumbira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rufumbiralang.org/en/origin">"What is Rufumbira? | Rufumbira"</a>. <i>www.rufumbiralang.org</i>. 2014-09-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.rufumbiralang.org&rft.atitle=What+is+Rufumbira%3F+%7C+Rufumbira&rft.date=2014-09-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rufumbiralang.org%2Fen%2Forigin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABafumbira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ugpulse-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ugpulse_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ugpulse_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ugpulse.com/heritage/uncovering-heritage-and-traditions-of-the-bafumbira/490/ug.aspx">"Uncovering Heritage and Traditions of the Bafumbira"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Uncovering+Heritage+and+Traditions+of+the+Bafumbira&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ugpulse.com%2Fheritage%2Funcovering-heritage-and-traditions-of-the-bafumbira%2F490%2Fug.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABafumbira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ubos.org/wp-content/uploads/publications/03_20182002_CensusPopnCompostionAnalyticalReport_(1).pdf">"Population Composition"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>ubos.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ubos.org&rft.atitle=Population+Composition&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ubos.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fpublications%2F03_20182002_CensusPopnCompostionAnalyticalReport_%281%29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABafumbira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bafumbira&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ugandatravelguide.com/the-banyarwandabafumbira-culture/">"The Banyarwanda/Bafumbira"</a>. <i>Uganda Travel Guide</i>. 2014-08-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Uganda+Travel+Guide&rft.atitle=The+Banyarwanda%2FBafumbira&rft.date=2014-08-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ugandatravelguide.com%2Fthe-banyarwandabafumbira-culture%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABafumbira" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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people">Aringa</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bafumbira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baganda" title="Baganda">Baganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagwe" title="Bagwe">Bagwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banyala" title="Banyala">Banyala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banyole" title="Banyole">Banyole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruuli" title="Baruuli">Baruuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunyoro" title="Bunyoro">Bunyoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Busoga" title="Busoga">Busoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodoth_people" title="Dodoth people">Dodoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gisu_people" title="Gisu people">Gisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Twa" title="Great Lakes Twa">Great Lakes Twa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwere_people" title="Gwere people">Gwere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hororo_people" title="Hororo people">Hororo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ik_people" title="Ik people">Ik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jie_(Uganda)" title="Jie (Uganda)">Jie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadam_People" title="Kadam People">Kadam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakwa_people" title="Kakwa people">Kakwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karamojong_people" title="Karamojong people">Karamojong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiga_people" title="Kiga people">Kiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konjo_people" title="Konjo people">Konjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumam_people" title="Kumam people">Kumam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lango_people" title="Lango people">Lango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logo_people" title="Logo people">Logo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugbara_people" title="Lugbara people">Lugbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_people" title="Luo people">Luo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madi_people" title="Madi people">Madi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masaba_people" title="Masaba people">Masaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nubians_(Uganda)" title="Nubians (Uganda)">Nubians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nkole_people" title="Nkole people">Nkole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyoro_people" title="Nyoro people">Nyoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oropom_people" title="Oropom people">Oropom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pokot_people" title="Pokot people">Pokot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samia_tribe_(Luhya)" class="mw-redirect" title="Samia tribe (Luhya)">Samia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebei_people" title="Sebei people">Sebei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songora" class="mw-redirect" title="Songora">Songora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teso_people" title="Teso people">Teso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tooro_people" title="Tooro people">Tooro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahinda" title="Wahinda">Wahinda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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