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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_contact_and_French_colonisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>European contact and French colonisation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_contact_and_French_colonisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Independence_(1975)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independence_(1975)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Independence (1975)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independence_(1975)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biodiversity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biodiversity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Biodiversity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biodiversity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protected_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protected_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Protected areas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protected_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Legal_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Legal system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Political culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Foreign relations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Military</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Human rights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Human_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnic_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Ethnic groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Health</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Marriage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Marriage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kinship_and_social_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kinship_and_social_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Kinship and social structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kinship_and_social_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Comoros</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 234 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-234" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">234 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comore-eilande" title="Comore-eilande – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Comore-eilande" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komoren" title="Komoren – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Komoren" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AE%E1%88%9E%E1%88%AE%E1%88%B5" title="ኮሞሮስ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኮሞሮስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komoreh" title="Komoreh – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Komoreh" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C" title="कोमोरोज – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="कोमोरोज" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comorosrice" title="Comorosrice – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Comorosrice" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Комор – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Комор" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%85%D8%B1" title="جزر القمر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جزر القمر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoras" title="Comoras – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Comoras" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comore" title="Comore – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Comore" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comores_(payis)" title="Comores (payis) – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Comores (payis)" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comores" title="Comores – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Comores" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kom%C3%B3ra" title="Komóra – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Komóra" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komor_adalar%C4%B1" title="Komor adaları – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Komor adaları" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A2%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="کومور آدالاری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کومور آدالاری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komoro" title="Komoro – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Komoro" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komore_gun" title="Komore gun – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Komore gun" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B8" title="কোমোরোস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কোমোরোস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komoro" title="Komoro – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Komoro" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Comoros" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komoro" title="Komoro – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Komoro" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Комор – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Комор" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Каморскія Астравы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Каморскія Астравы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Каморскія астравы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Каморскія астравы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8" title="कोमोरोस – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कोमोरोस" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komoros" title="Komoros – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Komoros" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Comoros" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Коморски острови – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Коморски острови" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komorn" title="Komorn – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Komorn" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8D" title="ཁོ་མོ་རོ་སུ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཁོ་མོ་རོ་སུ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komori" title="Komori – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Komori" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komorez" title="Komorez – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Komorez" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Коморой аралнууд – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Коморой аралнууд" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comores" title="Comores – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Comores" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80_%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Комор утравĕсем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Комор утравĕсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Comoros" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komory" title="Komory – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Komory" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komoras" title="Komoras – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Komoras" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komori" title="Komori – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Komori" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Comoros" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comori" title="Comori – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Comori" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_Comoros" title="Y Comoros – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Y Comoros" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Comoros" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comorerne" title="Comorerne – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Comorerne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%B1_%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1" title="جزر لقومور – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="جزر لقومور" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komorat" title="Komorat – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Komorat" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komoren" title="Komoren – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Komoren" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%96%DE%AA%DE%92%DE%AA%DE%83%DE%AA%DE%A4%DE%A6%DE%89%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%AA" title="ޖުޒުރުޤަމަރު – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޖުޒުރުޤަމަރު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oolj%C3%A9%C3%A9%CA%BC_Biyaadi_K%C3%A9yah_Dah_Ndaa%CA%BCee%C5%82%C3%AD" title="Ooljééʼ Biyaadi Kéyah Dah Ndaaʼeełí – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Ooljééʼ Biyaadi Kéyah Dah Ndaaʼeełí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komory" title="Komory – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Komory" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8" title="कोमोरोस – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="कोमोरोस" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komoorid" title="Komoorid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Komoorid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Κομόρες – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κομόρες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoras" title="Comoras – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Comoras" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komoroj" title="Komoroj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Komoroj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoras" title="Comoras – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Comoras" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komoreak" title="Komoreak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Komoreak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Comoros" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1" title="کومور – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کومور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Comoros" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komoroyggjar" title="Komoroyggjar – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Komoroyggjar" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comores_(pays)" title="Comores (pays) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Comores (pays)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komoaren" title="Komoaren – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Komoaren" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komoor" title="Komoor – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Komoor" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aontas_Oile%C3%A1in_Chom%C3%B3ra" title="Aontas Oileáin Chomóra – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Aontas Oileáin Chomóra" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ny_h-Ellanyn_Comoro" title="Ny h-Ellanyn Comoro – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Ny h-Ellanyn Comoro" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komorlar" title="Komorlar – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Komorlar" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na_h-Eileanan_Chomoro" title="Na h-Eileanan Chomoro – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Na h-Eileanan Chomoro" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comores" title="Comores – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Comores" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Comoros" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8" title="कोमोरोस – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="कोमोरोस" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Comoros" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EB%AA%A8%EB%A1%9C" title="코모로 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="코모로" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komoros" title="Komoros – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Komoros" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%B2%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Կոմորյան կղզիներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կոմորյան կղզիներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8" title="कोमोरोस – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कोमोरोस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komory" title="Komory – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Komory" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komori" title="Komori – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Komori" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komori" title="Komori – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Komori" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Comoros" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komoros" title="Komoros – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Komoros" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B8" title="কোমোরোস – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="কোমোরোস" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komoro" title="Komoro – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Komoro" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comores" title="Comores – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Comores" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Comoros" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Комортæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Комортæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiKhomorosi" title="IsiKhomorosi – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IsiKhomorosi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3morur" title="Kómorur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kómorur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comore" title="Comore – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Comore" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%95" title="קומורו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קומורו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komoro" title="Komoro – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Komoro" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕೊಮೊರೊಸ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕೊಮೊರೊಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komoras" title="Komoras – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Komoras" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AB%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="კომორის კუნძულების კავშირი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კომორის კუნძულების კავშირი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Коморлар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Коморлар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komoros" title="Komoros – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Komoros" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komore" title="Komore – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Komore" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komori" title="Komori – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Komori" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komoro" title="Komoro – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Komoro" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komoria" title="Komoria – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Komoria" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kom%C3%B2" title="Komò – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Komò" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komor" title="Komor – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Komor" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komor" title="Komor – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Komor" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Коморлор – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Коморлор" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comores" title="Comores – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Comores" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komoras" title="Komoras – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Komoras" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%8D%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%94" title="ປະເທດໂກມໍຣົດ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດໂກມໍຣົດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulae_Comorianae" title="Insulae Comorianae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Insulae Comorianae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komoras" title="Komoras – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Komoras" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komoren" title="Komoren – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Komoren" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komorai" title="Komorai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Komorai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoe_Comore" title="Isoe Comore – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Isoe Comore" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comore" title="Comore – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Comore" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komori" title="Komori – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Komori" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komorat" title="Komorat – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Komorat" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Comoros" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumor" title="Cumor – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cumor" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comore-szigetek" title="Comore-szigetek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Comore-szigetek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komoro" title="Komoro – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Komoro" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Комори – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Комори" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B4m%C3%B4ro" title="Kômôro – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kômôro" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="കൊമോറസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കൊമോറസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komoros" title="Komoros – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Komoros" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komoro" title="Komoro – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Komoro" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8" title="कोमोरोस – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कोमोरोस" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A3" title="კომორიშ კოკეფიშ რსხუ – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კომორიშ კოკეფიშ რსხუ" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%85%D8%B1" title="جزر القمر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جزر القمر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1" title="کومور – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کومور" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Comoros" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%81" title="ꯀꯣꯃꯣꯔꯣꯁ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯀꯣꯃꯣꯔꯣꯁ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komoro" title="Komoro – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Komoro" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Comoros" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quemores" title="Quemores – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Quemores" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Комортне – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Комортне" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Коморос – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Коморос" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ကိုမိုရိုနိုင်ငံ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကိုမိုရိုနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoren_(land)" title="Comoren (land) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Comoren (land)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komoren" title="Komoren – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Komoren" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8" title="कोमोरोस – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कोमोरोस" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8" title="कोमोरोस – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="कोमोरोस" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%A2%E3%83%AD" title="コモロ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コモロ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Коморийн гӀайренаш – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Коморийн гӀайренаш" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komooren" title="Komooren – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Komooren" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komoros" title="Komoros – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Komoros" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komorene" title="Komorene – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Komorene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komorane" title="Komorane – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Komorane" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komoros" title="Komoros – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Komoros" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Com%C3%B2ras" title="Comòras – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Comòras" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B8" title="କୋମୋରୋସ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କୋମୋରୋସ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komoroos" title="Komoroos – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Komoroos" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komorlar" title="Komorlar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Komorlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B8" title="ਕਾਮਾਰੋਸ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਾਮਾਰੋਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8" title="कोमोरोस – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="कोमोरोस" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="اتحاد القمری – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اتحاد القمری" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comores" title="Comores – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Comores" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="کوموروس – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کوموروس" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komoros" title="Komoros – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Komoros" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Com%C3%B2re" title="Comòre – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Comòre" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komoren" title="Komoren – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Komoren" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komory" title="Komory – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Komory" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comores" title="Comores – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Comores" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komorlar" title="Komorlar – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Komorlar" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comore" title="Comore – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Comore" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoras" title="Comoras – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Comoras" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumurikuna" title="Kumurikuna – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kumurikuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Коморы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Коморы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Комордар – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Комордар" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Comoros" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8" title="कोमोरोस – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="कोमोरोस" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6m%C3%B4ro" title="Kömôro – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Kömôro" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%A5" title="ᱠᱳᱢᱳᱨᱳᱥ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱳᱢᱳᱨᱳᱥ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="اتحاد کوموروس – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="اتحاد کوموروس" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoras" title="Comoras – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Comoras" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Comoros" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komore" title="Komore – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Komore" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Comoros" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Comoros" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komoret" title="Komoret – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Komoret" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comori" title="Comori – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Comori" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%9C%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A" title="කොමරොස් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කොමරොස්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Comoros" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="ڪوموروس – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪوموروس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IKhomoro" title="IKhomoro – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IKhomoro" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komory" title="Komory – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Komory" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komori" title="Komori – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Komori" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%AFmory" title="Kůmory – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kůmory" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komoros" title="Komoros – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Komoros" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%82%DB%95%D9%85%DB%95%D8%B1" title="دوورگەکانی قەمەر – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دوورگەکانی قەمەر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Комори – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Комори" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komori" title="Komori – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Komori" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komoro" title="Komoro – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Komoro" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komorit" title="Komorit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Komorit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komorerna" title="Komorerna – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Komorerna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Comoros" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="கொமொரோசு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கொமொரோசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tigzirin_n_Lqumu%E1%B9%9B" title="Tigzirin n Lqumuṛ – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tigzirin n Lqumuṛ" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qamar" title="Qamar – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Qamar" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Коморлар – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Коморлар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B6%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%80%99%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B0%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88" title="မိူင်းၶူဝ်ႇမူဝ်ႇရူတ်ႈ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းၶူဝ်ႇမူဝ်ႇရူတ်ႈ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="కొమొరోస్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కొమొరోస్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA" title="ประเทศคอโมโรส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศคอโมโรส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Иттиҳоди Қамар – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Иттиҳоди Қамар" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%AA%E1%8E%BC%E1%8E%B3%E1%8F%8D" title="ᎪᎼᎳᏍ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎪᎼᎳᏍ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komorlar" title="Komorlar – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Komorlar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komor_Adalary" title="Komor Adalary – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Komor Adalary" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8A%D1%91%D1%81" title="Коморъёс – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Коморъёс" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Коморські Острови – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Коморські Острови" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="اتحاد القمری – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اتحاد القمری" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%89%D8%B1%D9%89" title="كومور ئاراللىرى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كومور ئاراللىرى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Comoros" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comore" title="Comore – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Comore" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komoran_Sared" title="Komoran Sared – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Komoran Sared" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Comoros" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komoru%C3%A4ns" title="Komoruäns – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Komoruäns" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komooriq" title="Komooriq – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Komooriq" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%91%9B%E6%91%A9" title="葛摩 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="葛摩" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoorn" title="Comoorn – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Comoorn" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Comoros" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komoor" title="Komoor – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Komoor" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%91%A9%E7%BE%85" title="科摩羅 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="科摩羅" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Comoros" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A1" title="קאמאראס – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קאמאראס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B2m%C3%B3r%C3%B2" title="Kòmórò – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Kòmórò" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%91%A9%E7%BE%85" title="科摩羅 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="科摩羅" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komoroy" title="Komoroy – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Komoroy" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Como%C3%B4r%27n" title="Comoôr'n – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Comoôr'n" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuomor%C4%81" title="Kuomorā – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kuomorā" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%91%9B%E6%91%A9" title="葛摩 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="葛摩" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komoros" title="Komoros – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Komoros" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komoro" title="Komoro – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Komoro" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gpe mw-list-item"><a href="https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros – Ghanaian Pidgin" lang="gpe" hreflang="gpe" data-title="Comoros" data-language-autonym="Ghanaian Pidgin" data-language-local-name="Ghanaian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ghanaian Pidgin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komoro" title="Komoro – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Komoro" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komor_l%C9%99p%C9%99kon" title="Komor ləpəkon – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Komor ləpəkon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%89%E2%B4%B3%E2%B5%A3%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8F_%E2%B5%8F_%E2%B5%A1%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%94" title="ⵜⵉⴳⵣⵉⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵉⴳⵣⵉⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q970#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li 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class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Comoros&params=12.3_S_43.7_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">12°18′S</span> <span class="longitude">43°42′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">12.3°S 43.7°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-12.3; 43.7</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">African island country in the Indian Ocean</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the country. For the archipelago, see <a href="/wiki/Comoro_Islands" title="Comoro Islands">Comoro Islands</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Union of the Comoros</div><div class="ib-country-names"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="Ngazidja Comorian-language text"><i lang="zdj-Latn">Udzima wa Komori</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Ngazidja_Comorian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngazidja Comorian language">Ngazidja Comorian</a>)</span></li><li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Union des Comores</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>)</span></li><li><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">جمهورية القمر المتحدة</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>)</span></li><li><small><i><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">Jamhuriyat al-Qumur al-Muttaḥida</i></span></i></small></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Comoros"><img alt="Flag of Comoros" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/125px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/188px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Comoros" title="Flag of the Comoros">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_Comoros.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of Comoros"><img alt="Seal of Comoros" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Seal_of_the_Comoros.svg/85px-Seal_of_the_Comoros.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Seal_of_the_Comoros.svg/128px-Seal_of_the_Comoros.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Seal_of_the_Comoros.svg/170px-Seal_of_the_Comoros.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="699" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/National_seal_of_the_Comoros" title="National seal of the Comoros">Seal</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Motto: </b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">"Unité – Solidarité – Développement"</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>)</span></li><li><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl" style="font-style: normal;">وحدة، تضامن، تنمية</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>)</span></li><li>"Unity – Solidarity – Development"</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem"><b>Anthem:</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Udzima_wa_ya_Masiwa" title="Udzima wa ya Masiwa">Udzima wa ya Masiwa</a></i><span class="nowrap">  </span>(Comorian)<br /><i>The Unity of the Great Islands</i><div style="padding-top:0.5em;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="97" data-mwtitle="National_anthem_of_the_Comoros,_performed_by_the_U.S._Navy_Band.oga" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/National_anthem_of_the_Comoros%2C_performed_by_the_U.S._Navy_Band.oga" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/National_anthem_of_the_Comoros%2C_performed_by_the_U.S._Navy_Band.oga/National_anthem_of_the_Comoros%2C_performed_by_the_U.S._Navy_Band.oga.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_the_Comoros%2C_performed_by_the_U.S._Navy_Band.oga&lang=ar&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ar" label="العربية ‪(ar)‬" data-dir="rtl" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_the_Comoros%2C_performed_by_the_U.S._Navy_Band.oga&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_the_Comoros%2C_performed_by_the_U.S._Navy_Band.oga&lang=fr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fr" label="français ‪(fr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Comoros_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of the Comoros (circled)"><img alt="Location of the Comoros (circled)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Comoros_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/250px-Comoros_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Comoros_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/375px-Comoros_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Comoros_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/500px-Comoros_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Location of the Comoros (circled)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital<div class="ib-country-largest">and largest city</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Moroni,_Comoros" title="Moroni, Comoros">Moroni</a><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Comoros&params=11.69_S_43.26_E_type:city"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">11°41′S</span> <span class="longitude">43°16′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">11.69°S 43.26°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-11.69; 43.26</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comorian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Comorian language">Comorian</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">Ethnic groups</a> <div class="ib-country-ethnic"> (2000)<sup id="cite_ref-Comoros_-_People_{{!}}_Britannica_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Comoros_-_People_{{!}}_Britannica-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>97.1% <a href="/wiki/Comorians" class="mw-redirect" title="Comorians">Comorians</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li>1.6% <a href="/wiki/Makua_people" title="Makua people">Makua</a></li><li>1.3% <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Comoros" title="Demographics of the Comoros">Others</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Comorian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Comorian people">Comorian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Comoros" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Comoros">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Unitary <a href="/wiki/Presidential_republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential republic">presidential republic</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Comoros" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Comoros">President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Azali_Assoumani" title="Azali Assoumani">Azali Assoumani</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_Union_of_the_Comoros#Presidents_of_the_Assembly" title="Assembly of the Union of the Comoros">President of the Assembly</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Moustadroine_Abdou" title="Moustadroine Abdou">Moustadroine Abdou</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_Union_of_the_Comoros" title="Assembly of the Union of the Comoros">Assembly of the Union</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Comoros" title="History of the Comoros">Formation</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Discovery by <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese Empire</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1503</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• French colony of <a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">25 April 1841</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Province of <a href="/wiki/French_Madagascar" title="French Madagascar">French Madagascar</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">31 March 1914</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/French_overseas_departments_and_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="French overseas departments and territories">French Overseas Territory</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">27 October 1946</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Internal autonomy </div></th><td class="infobox-data">22 December 1961</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_by_date_of_formation" title="List of sovereign states by date of formation">Independence</a> from <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">6 July 1975</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Federal <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Republic">Islamic Republic</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1 October 1978<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Union </div></th><td class="infobox-data">23 December 2001<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Comoros" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Comoros">Area </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,235<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> km<sup>2</sup> (863 sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">170th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Water (%)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">negligible</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Comoros" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of Comoros">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2024 estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,000,000 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">160th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">457/km<sup>2</sup> (1,183.6/sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">27th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2023 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $3.432 billion<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $3,463<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(nominal)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2023 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $1.364 billion<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $1,377<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">Gini</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2014)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Negative increase"><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 45.3<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#707070">medium inequality</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2022)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.586<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:orange">medium</span></span> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">152nd</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Comorian_franc" title="Comorian franc">Comorian franc</a> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">KMF</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time zone</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>+3</span> (<a href="/wiki/East_Africa_Time" title="East Africa Time">EAT</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Left-_and_right-hand_traffic" title="Left- and right-hand traffic">Drives on</a></th><td class="infobox-data">right</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Comoros" class="mw-redirect" title="Telephone numbers in Comoros">Calling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%2B269" class="mw-redirect" title="+269">+269</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:KM" title="ISO 3166-2:KM">KM</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.km" title=".km">.km</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Comoros</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> officially the <b>Union of the Comoros</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an <a href="/wiki/Archipelagic_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Archipelagic country">archipelagic country</a> made up of three islands in <a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeastern Africa">Southeastern Africa</a>, located at the northern end of the <a href="/wiki/Mozambique_Channel" title="Mozambique Channel">Mozambique Channel</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a>. Its capital and largest city is <a href="/wiki/Moroni,_Comoros" title="Moroni, Comoros">Moroni</a>. The religion of the majority of the population, and the official state religion, is <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a>. Comoros proclaimed its <a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_by_date_of_formation" title="List of sovereign states by date of formation">independence</a> from France on 6 July 1975. The Comoros is the only country of the <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a> which is entirely in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Hemisphere" title="Southern Hemisphere">Southern Hemisphere</a>. It is a member state of the <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie" title="Organisation internationale de la Francophonie">Organisation internationale de la Francophonie</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Co-operation" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisation of Islamic Co-operation">Organisation of Islamic Co-operation</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_Commission" title="Indian Ocean Commission">Indian Ocean Commission</a>. The country has three official languages: <a href="/wiki/Shikomori" class="mw-redirect" title="Shikomori">Shikomori</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>. </p><p>At 1,659 km<sup>2</sup> (641 sq mi), the Comoros is the third-smallest African country by area.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, its population was estimated to be 850,886.<sup id="cite_ref-UN_WPP_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_WPP-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UN_WPP_2022_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_WPP_2022-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sovereign state consists of three major islands and numerous smaller islands, all of the volcanic <a href="/wiki/Comoro_Islands" title="Comoro Islands">Comoro Islands</a> with the exception of <a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a>. Mayotte voted against independence from France in <a href="/wiki/1974_Comorian_independence_referendum" title="1974 Comorian independence referendum">a referendum in 1974</a>, and continues to be administered by France as an <a href="/wiki/Overseas_department" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas department">overseas department</a>. France has <a href="/wiki/List_of_vetoed_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions" title="List of vetoed United Nations Security Council resolutions">vetoed a United Nations Security Council resolution</a> that would have affirmed Comorian sovereignty over the island.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GlobalPolicy_SC-Vetoes_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GlobalPolicy_SC-Vetoes-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-article33_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-article33-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mayotte became an overseas department and a region of France in 2011 following a referendum which was passed overwhelmingly. </p><p>The Comoros were likely first settled by <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a>/<a href="/wiki/Malagasy_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Malagasy people">Malagasy peoples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bantu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantu language">Bantu</a> speakers from <a href="/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">East Africa</a>, and seafaring Arab traders.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1500 the <a href="/wiki/List_of_sultans_on_the_Comoros#Sultans_of_Ndzuwani_(Anjouan)" title="List of sultans on the Comoros">Sultanate of Anjouan</a> dominated the islands, with <a href="/wiki/Grande_Comore" title="Grande Comore">Grande Comore</a> split between <a href="/wiki/List_of_sultans_on_the_Comoros#Sultans_on_Ngazidja_(Grande_Comore)" title="List of sultans on the Comoros">several sultans</a>. It became part of the <a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">French colonial empire</a> during the 19th century, before its independence in 1975. It has experienced more than 20 coups or attempted coups, with various heads of state assassinated.<sup id="cite_ref-20Coups_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20Coups-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Along with this constant political instability, it has one of the highest levels of <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_income_equality" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by income equality">income inequality</a> of any nation, and ranks in the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index#Low_human_development" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">medium quartile</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">Human Development Index</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 2009 and 2014, about 19% of the population lived below the <a href="/wiki/International_poverty_line" class="mw-redirect" title="International poverty line">international poverty line</a> of US$1.90 a day by <a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">purchasing power parity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comoros&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name "Comoros" derives from the Arabic word <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><big><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%85%D8%B1#Noun" class="extiw" title="wikt:قمر">قمر</a></big></span></span> <i>qamar</i> ("<a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">moon</a>").<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comoros&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Comoros" title="History of the Comoros">History of the Comoros</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Settlement">Settlement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comoros&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Settlement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dhow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dhow.jpg/220px-Dhow.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dhow.jpg/330px-Dhow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dhow.jpg/440px-Dhow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>A large <a href="/wiki/Dhow" title="Dhow">dhow</a> with <a href="/wiki/Lateen" title="Lateen">lateen</a> sail rigs</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vanilla_plantation_in_wood_dsc00190.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Vanilla_plantation_in_wood_dsc00190.jpg/170px-Vanilla_plantation_in_wood_dsc00190.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Vanilla_plantation_in_wood_dsc00190.jpg/255px-Vanilla_plantation_in_wood_dsc00190.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Vanilla_plantation_in_wood_dsc00190.jpg/340px-Vanilla_plantation_in_wood_dsc00190.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Vanilla" title="Vanilla">vanilla</a> plantation</figcaption></figure> <p>According to mythology, a <a href="/wiki/Jinn" title="Jinn">jinni</a> (spirit) dropped a jewel, which formed a great circular inferno. This became the <a href="/wiki/Mount_Karthala" title="Mount Karthala">Karthala volcano</a>, which created the island of Ngazidja (Grande Comore). <a href="/wiki/King_Solomon" class="mw-redirect" title="King Solomon">King Solomon</a> is also said to have visited the island accompanied by his queen <a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sheba" title="Queen of Sheba">Bilqis</a>. </p><p>The first attested human inhabitants of the Comoro Islands are now thought to have been <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Austronesian people">Austronesian</a> settlers travelling by boat from <a href="/wiki/Island_Southeast_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Island Southeast Asia">islands in Southeast Asia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These people arrived in the area no later than the eighth century AD, the date of the earliest known archaeological site, found on <a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a>, although settlement beginning in the first century has been postulated.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Subsequent settlers came from the east coast of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Malay_Archipelago" title="Malay Archipelago">Malay Archipelago</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bantu_languages" title="Bantu languages">Bantu</a>-speaking settlers were present on the islands from the beginnings of settlement <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Timefact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Timeline_Tracer/Chronology_source_needed" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Timeline Tracer/Chronology source needed"><span title="This chronology/history reference needs citation to reliable sources (October 2024)">chronology citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, probably brought to the islands as slaves.<sup id="cite_ref-Walker,_Iain_2019_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walker,_Iain_2019-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Development of the Comoros is divided into phases. The earliest reliably recorded phase is the Dembeni phase (eighth to tenth centuries), during which there were several small settlements on each island.<sup id="cite_ref-spear_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spear-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the eleventh to the fifteenth centuries, trade with the island of Madagascar and merchants from the <a href="/wiki/Swahili_coast" title="Swahili coast">Swahili coast</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> flourished, more villages were founded and existing villages grew. Settlers from the Arabian peninsula, particularly <a href="/wiki/Hadhramaut" title="Hadhramaut">Hadhramaut</a>, arrived during this period. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medieval_Comoros">Medieval Comoros</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comoros&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Medieval Comoros"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to legend, in 632, upon hearing of <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, islanders are said to have dispatched an emissary, Mtswa-Mwindza, to <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a>—but by the time he arrived there, the Islamic prophet <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> had died. Nonetheless, after a stay in Mecca, he returned to Ngazidja, where he built a mosque in his home town of Ntsaweni, and led the gradual conversion of the islanders to Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-verin_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-verin-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 933, the Comoros was referred to by <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Omani</a> sailors as the Perfume Islands.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among the earliest accounts of East Africa, the works of <a href="/wiki/Al-Masudi" title="Al-Masudi">Al-Masudi</a> describe early Islamic trade routes, and how the coast and islands were frequently visited by <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslims</a> including <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a> merchants and sailors in search of <a href="/wiki/Coral" title="Coral">coral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ambergris" title="Ambergris">ambergris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivory" title="Ivory">ivory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tortoiseshell" title="Tortoiseshell">tortoiseshell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a> and slaves. They also brought Islam to the people of the <a href="/wiki/Zanj" title="Zanj">Zanj</a> including the Comoros. As the importance of the Comoros grew along the East African coast, both small and large <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">mosques</a> were constructed. The Comoros are part of the <a href="/wiki/Swahili_Coast" class="mw-redirect" title="Swahili Coast">Swahili</a> cultural and economic complex and the islands became a major hub of trade and an important location in a network of trading towns that included <a href="/wiki/Kilwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilwa">Kilwa</a>, in present-day Tanzania, Sofala (an outlet for <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwean</a> gold), in <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mombasa" title="Mombasa">Mombasa</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-spear_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spear-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Portuguese arrived in the Indian Ocean at the end of the 15th century and the first Portuguese visit to the islands seems to have been that of <a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama">Vasco da Gama</a>'s second fleet in 1503.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For much of the 16th century the islands provided provisions to the Portuguese fort at Mozambique and although there was no formal attempt by the Portuguese crown to take possession, a number of Portuguese traders settled and married local women. </p><p>By the end of the 16th century local rulers on the African mainland were beginning to push back and, with the support of the Omani Sultan <a href="/wiki/Saif_bin_Sultan" title="Saif bin Sultan">Saif bin Sultan</a> they began to defeat the Dutch and the Portuguese. One of his successors, <a href="/wiki/Said_bin_Sultan" title="Said bin Sultan">Said bin Sultan</a>, increased Omani Arab influence in the region, moving his administration to nearby <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a>, which came under <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Omani</a> rule. Nevertheless, the Comoros remained independent, and although the three smaller islands were usually <a href="/wiki/List_of_sultans_on_the_Comoros" title="List of sultans on the Comoros">politically unified</a>, the largest island, Ngazidja, was divided into a number of <a href="/wiki/List_of_sultans_on_the_Comoros" title="List of sultans on the Comoros">autonomous kingdoms</a> (<i>ntsi</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas_Spear_1984_291–305_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas_Spear_1984_291–305-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The islands were well placed to meet the needs of Europeans, initially supplying the Portuguese in Mozambique, then ships, particularly the English, on the route to India, and, later, slaves to the plantation islands in the <a href="/wiki/Mascarenes" class="mw-redirect" title="Mascarenes">Mascarenes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Thomas_Spear_1984_291–305_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas_Spear_1984_291–305-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_contact_and_French_colonisation">European contact and French colonisation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comoros&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: European contact and French colonisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carte_des_isles_de_Comore_Johanna_ou_Anjouan_Mohilla_ou_Moaly_et_Mayote_Bnf40600530t.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Carte_des_isles_de_Comore_Johanna_ou_Anjouan_Mohilla_ou_Moaly_et_Mayote_Bnf40600530t.jpg/220px-Carte_des_isles_de_Comore_Johanna_ou_Anjouan_Mohilla_ou_Moaly_et_Mayote_Bnf40600530t.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Carte_des_isles_de_Comore_Johanna_ou_Anjouan_Mohilla_ou_Moaly_et_Mayote_Bnf40600530t.jpg/330px-Carte_des_isles_de_Comore_Johanna_ou_Anjouan_Mohilla_ou_Moaly_et_Mayote_Bnf40600530t.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Carte_des_isles_de_Comore_Johanna_ou_Anjouan_Mohilla_ou_Moaly_et_Mayote_Bnf40600530t.jpg/440px-Carte_des_isles_de_Comore_Johanna_ou_Anjouan_Mohilla_ou_Moaly_et_Mayote_Bnf40600530t.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="1054" /></a><figcaption>French map of the Comores, 1747</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Africa_(1808)_-_CAMORA_excerpt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Map_of_Africa_%281808%29_-_CAMORA_excerpt.jpg/220px-Map_of_Africa_%281808%29_-_CAMORA_excerpt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Map_of_Africa_%281808%29_-_CAMORA_excerpt.jpg/330px-Map_of_Africa_%281808%29_-_CAMORA_excerpt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Map_of_Africa_%281808%29_-_CAMORA_excerpt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="341" data-file-height="234" /></a><figcaption>An 1808 map refers to the islands as "Camora".</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Moroni-Place_des_Assembl%C3%A9es.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Moroni-Place_des_Assembl%C3%A9es.jpg/220px-Moroni-Place_des_Assembl%C3%A9es.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Moroni-Place_des_Assembl%C3%A9es.jpg/330px-Moroni-Place_des_Assembl%C3%A9es.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Moroni-Place_des_Assembl%C3%A9es.jpg/440px-Moroni-Place_des_Assembl%C3%A9es.jpg 2x" data-file-width="671" data-file-height="435" /></a><figcaption>A public square, Moroni, 1908</figcaption></figure> <p>In the last decade of the 18th century, Malagasy warriors, mostly <a href="/wiki/Betsimisaraka_people" title="Betsimisaraka people">Betsimisaraka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sakalava" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakalava">Sakalava</a>, started raiding the Comoros for <a href="/wiki/Slave" class="mw-redirect" title="Slave">slaves</a> and the islands were devastated as crops were destroyed and the people were slaughtered, taken into captivity or fled to the African mainland: it is said that by the time the raids finally ended in the second decade of the 19th century only one man remained on Mwali.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The islands were <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Comoros" title="Slavery in the Comoros">repopulated by slaves</a> from the mainland, who were <a href="/wiki/Comoros_slave_trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Comoros slave trade">traded to the French</a> in Mayotte and the Mascarenes. On the Comoros, it was estimated in 1865 that as much as 40% of the population consisted of slaves.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>France first established colonial rule in the Comoros by taking possession of Mayotte in 1841 when the <a href="/wiki/Sakalava" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakalava">Sakalava</a> usurper sultan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andriantsoly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andriantsoly (page does not exist)">Andriantsoly</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andriantsoly" class="extiw" title="fr:Andriantsoly">fr</a>]</span> (also known as Tsy Levalo) signed the Treaty of April 1841,<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopaedia_of_Islam_1979,_vol._v,_p._381_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopaedia_of_Islam_1979,_vol._v,_p._381-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which ceded the island to the French authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After its annexation, France attempted to convert Mayotte into a sugar plantation colony. </p><p>Meanwhile, Ndzwani (or Johanna as it was known to the British) continued to serve as a way station for English merchants sailing to India and the Far East, as well as American whalers, although the British gradually abandoned it following their possession of <a href="/wiki/British_Mauritius" title="British Mauritius">Mauritius</a> in 1814, and by the time the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a> opened in 1869 there was no longer any significant supply trade at Ndzwani. Local commodities exported by the Comoros were, in addition to slaves, coconuts, timber, cattle and tortoiseshell. British and American settlers, as well as the island's sultan, established a plantation-based economy that used about one-third of the land for export crops. In addition to sugar on Mayotte, ylang-ylang and other perfume plants, vanilla, cloves, coffee, cocoa beans, and sisal were introduced.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1886, Mwali was placed under French protection by its Sultan Mardjani Abdou Cheikh. That same year, Sultan Said Ali of <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Bambao" title="Sultanate of Bambao">Bambao</a>, one of the sultanates on Ngazidja, placed the island under French protection in exchange for French support of his claim to the entire island, which he retained until his abdication in 1910. In 1908 the four islands were unified under a single administration (<i>Colonie de Mayotte et dépendances</i>) and placed under the authority of the French colonial <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Madagascar" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor-General of Madagascar">Governor-General of Madagascar</a>. In 1909, Sultan Said Muhamed of Ndzwani abdicated in favour of French rule and in 1912 the protectorates were abolished and the islands administered as a single colony. Two years later the colony was abolished and the islands became a province of the <a href="/wiki/French_Madagascar" title="French Madagascar">colony of Madagascar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Walker,_Iain_2019_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walker,_Iain_2019-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Agreement was reached with France in 1973 for the Comoros to become independent in 1978, despite the deputies of <a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a> voting for increased integration with France. A <a href="/wiki/1974_Comorian_independence_referendum" title="1974 Comorian independence referendum">referendum</a> was held on all four of the islands. Three voted for independence by large margins, while Mayotte voted against. On 6 July 1975, however, the Comorian parliament passed a unilateral resolution declaring independence. Ahmed Abdallah proclaimed the independence of the Comorian State (<i>État comorien</i>; دولة القمر) and became its first president. France did not recognise the new state until 31 December, and retained control of Mayotte. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independence_(1975)"><span id="Independence_.281975.29"></span>Independence (1975)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comoros&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Independence (1975)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Comoros" title="State of the Comoros">State of the Comoros</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Comoros_(1963%E2%80%931975).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_the_Comoros_%281963%E2%80%931975%29.svg/220px-Flag_of_the_Comoros_%281963%E2%80%931975%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_the_Comoros_%281963%E2%80%931975%29.svg/330px-Flag_of_the_Comoros_%281963%E2%80%931975%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_the_Comoros_%281963%E2%80%931975%29.svg/440px-Flag_of_the_Comoros_%281963%E2%80%931975%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Comoros" title="Flag of the Comoros">Flag of the Comoros</a> (1963–1975)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Comoros_(1975%E2%80%931978).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_the_Comoros_%281975%E2%80%931978%29.svg/220px-Flag_of_the_Comoros_%281975%E2%80%931978%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_the_Comoros_%281975%E2%80%931978%29.svg/330px-Flag_of_the_Comoros_%281975%E2%80%931978%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_the_Comoros_%281975%E2%80%931978%29.svg/440px-Flag_of_the_Comoros_%281975%E2%80%931978%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Comoros" title="Flag of the Comoros">Flag of the Comoros</a> (1975–1978)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ikililou_Dhoinine_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Ikililou_Dhoinine_2012.jpg/170px-Ikililou_Dhoinine_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Ikililou_Dhoinine_2012.jpg/255px-Ikililou_Dhoinine_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Ikililou_Dhoinine_2012.jpg/340px-Ikililou_Dhoinine_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="701" data-file-height="827" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ikililou_Dhoinine" title="Ikililou Dhoinine">Ikililou Dhoinine</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Comoros" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Comoros">President of the Comoros</a> from 2011 to 2016</figcaption></figure> <p>The next 30 years were a period of political turmoil. On 3 August 1975, less than one month after independence, president <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Abdallah" title="Ahmed Abdallah">Ahmed Abdallah</a> was removed from office in an armed coup and replaced with United National Front of the Comoros (FNUK) member <a href="/wiki/Said_Mohamed_Jaffar" title="Said Mohamed Jaffar">Said Mohamed Jaffar</a>. Months later, in January 1976, Jaffar was ousted in favour of his Minister of Defence <a href="/wiki/Ali_Soilihi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali Soilihi">Ali Soilihi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mukonoweshuro:555-577_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mukonoweshuro:555-577-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The population of <a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a> voted against independence from France in three referendums during this period. The <a href="/wiki/1974_Comorian_independence_referendum" title="1974 Comorian independence referendum">first</a>, held on all the islands on 22 December 1974, won 63.8% support for maintaining ties with France on Mayotte; the <a href="/wiki/1976_Mahoran_status_referendum" title="1976 Mahoran status referendum">second</a>, held in February 1976, confirmed that vote with an overwhelming 99.4%, while the third, in April 1976, confirmed that the people of Mayotte wished to remain a French territory. The three remaining islands, ruled by President Soilihi, instituted a number of socialist and isolationist policies that soon strained relations with France. On 13 May 1978, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Denard" title="Bob Denard">Bob Denard</a>, once again commissioned by the French intelligence service (<a href="/wiki/SDECE" class="mw-redirect" title="SDECE">SDECE</a>), returned to overthrow President Soilihi and reinstate Abdallah with the support of the French, Rhodesian and South African governments. Ali Soilihi was captured and executed a few weeks later.<sup id="cite_ref-Mukonoweshuro:555-577_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mukonoweshuro:555-577-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In contrast to Soilihi, Abdallah's presidency was marked by authoritarian rule and increased adherence to traditional Islam<sup id="cite_ref-Bakar:181-191_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bakar:181-191-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the country was renamed the Federal <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Republic">Islamic Republic</a> of the Comoros (<i>République Fédérale Islamique des Comores</i>; جمهورية القمر الإتحادية الإسلامية). Bob Denard served as Abdallah's first advisor; nicknamed the "Viceroy of the Comoros," he was sometimes considered the real strongman of the regime. Very close to South Africa, which financed his "presidential guard," he allowed Paris to circumvent the international embargo on the apartheid regime via Moroni. He also set up from the archipelago a permanent mercenary corps, called upon to intervene at the request of Paris or Pretoria in conflicts in Africa. Abdallah continued as president until 1989 when, fearing a probable coup, he signed a decree ordering the Presidential Guard, led by Bob Denard, to disarm the armed forces. Shortly after the signing of the decree, Abdallah was allegedly shot dead in his office by a disgruntled military officer, though later sources claim an antitank missile was launched into his bedroom and killed him.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Denard was also injured, it is suspected that Abdallah's killer was a soldier under his command.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A few days later, Bob Denard was evacuated to South Africa by French paratroopers. <a href="/wiki/Said_Mohamed_Djohar" title="Said Mohamed Djohar">Said Mohamed Djohar</a>, Soilihi's older half-brother, then became president, and served until September 1995, when Bob Denard returned and attempted another coup. This time France intervened with paratroopers and forced Denard to surrender.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The French removed Djohar to Reunion, and the Paris-backed <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Taki_Abdoulkarim" title="Mohamed Taki Abdoulkarim">Mohamed Taki Abdoulkarim</a> became president by election. He led the country from 1996, during a time of labour crises, government suppression, and secessionist conflicts, until his death in November 1998. He was succeeded by Interim President <a href="/wiki/Tadjidine_Ben_Said_Massounde" title="Tadjidine Ben Said Massounde">Tadjidine Ben Said Massounde</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The islands of <a href="/wiki/Ndzwani" class="mw-redirect" title="Ndzwani">Ndzwani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mwali" class="mw-redirect" title="Mwali">Mwali</a> declared their independence from the Comoros in 1997, in an attempt to restore French rule. But France rejected their request, leading to bloody confrontations between federal troops and rebels.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 1999, Colonel <a href="/wiki/Azali_Assoumani" title="Azali Assoumani">Azali Assoumani</a>, Army Chief of Staff, seized power in a bloodless coup, overthrowing the Interim President Massounde, citing weak leadership in the face of the crisis. This was the Comoros' 18th coup, or attempted coup d'état since independence in 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Assoumani failed to consolidate power and reestablish control over the islands, which was the subject of international criticism. The <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a>, under the auspices of President <a href="/wiki/Thabo_Mbeki" title="Thabo Mbeki">Thabo Mbeki</a> of South Africa, imposed sanctions on Ndzwani to help broker negotiations and effect reconciliation.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the terms of the Fomboni Accords,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> signed in December 2001 by the leaders of all three islands, the official name of the country was changed to the Union of the Comoros; the new state was to be highly decentralised and the central union government would devolve most powers to the new island governments, each led by a president. The Union president, although elected by national elections, would be chosen in rotation from each of the islands every five years. </p><p>Assoumani stepped down in 2002 to run in the democratic election of the President of the Comoros, which he won. Under ongoing international pressure, as a military ruler who had originally come to power by force, and was not always democratic while in office, Assoumani led the Comoros through constitutional changes that enabled new elections.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <i>Loi des compétences</i> law was passed in early 2005 that defines the responsibilities of each governmental body, and is in the process of implementation. The elections in 2006 were won by <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Abdallah_Mohamed_Sambi" title="Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi">Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi</a>, a Sunni Muslim cleric nicknamed the "Ayatollah" for his time spent studying Islam in Iran. Assoumani honoured the election results, thus allowing the first peaceful and democratic exchange of power for the archipelago.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Colonel <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Bacar" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammed Bacar">Mohammed Bacar</a>, a French-trained former gendarme elected President of Ndzwani in 2001, refused to step down at the end of his five-year mandate. He staged a vote in June 2007 to confirm his leadership that was rejected as illegal by the Comoros federal government and the African Union. On 25 March 2008 hundreds of soldiers from the African Union and the Comoros seized rebel-held Ndzwani, generally welcomed by the population: there have been reports of hundreds, if not thousands, of people tortured during Bacar's tenure.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some rebels were killed and injured, but there are no official figures. At least 11 civilians were wounded. Some officials were imprisoned. Bacar fled in a speedboat to Mayotte to seek asylum. Anti-French protests followed in the Comoros (see <a href="/wiki/2008_invasion_of_Anjouan" title="2008 invasion of Anjouan">2008 invasion of Anjouan</a>). Bacar was eventually granted asylum in Benin. </p><p>Since independence from France, the Comoros experienced more than 20 coups or attempted coups.<sup id="cite_ref-20Coups_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20Coups-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following elections in late 2010, former Vice-president <a href="/wiki/Ikililou_Dhoinine" title="Ikililou Dhoinine">Ikililou Dhoinine</a> was inaugurated as president on 26 May 2011. Dhoinine is the first President of the Comoros from the island of Mwali. Following the 2016 elections, <a href="/wiki/Azali_Assoumani" title="Azali Assoumani">Azali Assoumani</a>, from Ngazidja, became president for a third term. In 2018 Assoumani held a <a href="/wiki/2018_Comorian_constitutional_referendum" title="2018 Comorian constitutional referendum">referendum</a> on constitutional reform that would permit a president to serve two terms. The amendments passed, although the vote was widely contested and boycotted by the opposition, and in April 2019, and to widespread opposition, Assoumani was <a href="/wiki/2019_Comorian_presidential_election" title="2019 Comorian presidential election">re-elected</a> president to serve the first of potentially two five-year terms.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2020, the legislative <a href="/wiki/2020_Comorian_legislative_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 Comorian legislative election">elections</a> in Comoros were dominated by President Azali Assoumani's party, the <a href="/wiki/Convention_for_the_Renewal_of_the_Comoros" title="Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros">Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros</a>, CRC. It took an overwhelming majority in the parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, Comoros signed and ratified the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Prohibition_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons">Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons</a>, making it a nuclear-weapon-free state.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 2023, Comoros was invited as a non-member guest to the G7 summit in <a href="/wiki/Hiroshima" title="Hiroshima">Hiroshima</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 18 February 2023 the Comoros assumed the presidency of the <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2024, President Azali Assoumani was re-elected with 63% of the vote in the disputed presidential <a href="/wiki/2024_Comorian_presidential_election" title="2024 Comorian presidential election">election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comoros&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Comoros" title="Special:EditPage/Comoros">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Comoros" title="Geography of the Comoros">Geography of the Comoros</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cn-map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Cn-map.png/300px-Cn-map.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="323" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Cn-map.png 1.5x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="355" /></a><figcaption>A map of the Comoros</figcaption></figure> <p>The Comoros is formed by <a href="/wiki/Ngazidja" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngazidja">Ngazidja</a> (Grande Comore), <a href="/wiki/Mwali" class="mw-redirect" title="Mwali">Mwali</a> (Mohéli) and <a href="/wiki/Ndzwani" class="mw-redirect" title="Ndzwani">Ndzwani</a> (Anjouan), three major islands in the Comoros Archipelago, as well as many minor islets. The islands are officially known by their Comorian language names, though international sources still use their French names (given in parentheses above). The capital and largest city, <a href="/wiki/Moroni,_Comoros" title="Moroni, Comoros">Moroni</a>, is located on Ngazidja and the most densely populated city is Anjouan.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The archipelago is situated in the Indian Ocean, in the <a href="/wiki/Mozambique_Channel" title="Mozambique Channel">Mozambique Channel</a>, between the African coast (nearest to <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>, with no land borders. </p><p>At 1,659 km<sup>2</sup> (641 sq mi), it is one of the smallest countries in the world. The Comoros also has claim to 320 km<sup>2</sup> (120 sq mi) of territorial seas. The interiors of the islands vary from steep mountains to low hills. </p><p>The areas and populations (at the 2017 Census) of the main islands are as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Area <br />km<sup>2</sup></th> <th>Population<br />census 2017<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Mwali</td> <td align="right">211</td> <td align="right">51,567 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ngazidja</td> <td align="right">1,024</td> <td align="right">379,367 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ndzwani</td> <td align="right">424</td> <td align="right">327,382 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><b>Totals</b></i></td> <td align="right">1,659</td> <td align="right">758,316 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Ngazidja is the largest of the Comoros Archipelago, with an area of 1,024 km<sup>2</sup>. It is also the most recent island, and therefore has rocky soil. The island's two volcanoes, <a href="/wiki/Karthala" class="mw-redirect" title="Karthala">Karthala</a> (active) and <a href="/wiki/La_Grille" title="La Grille">La Grille</a> (dormant), and the lack of good harbours are distinctive characteristics of its terrain. Mwali, with its capital at <a href="/wiki/Fomboni" title="Fomboni">Fomboni</a>, is the smallest of the four major islands. Ndzwani, whose capital is <a href="/wiki/Mutsamudu" title="Mutsamudu">Mutsamudu</a>, has a distinctive triangular shape caused by three mountain chains – <a href="/wiki/Sima,_Comoros" title="Sima, Comoros">Shisiwani</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nioumakele&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nioumakele (page does not exist)">Nioumakele</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jimilime" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimilime">Jimilime</a> – emanating from a central peak, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Ntingui&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mount Ntingui (page does not exist)">Mount Ntingui</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mont_Ntringui" class="extiw" title="fr:Mont Ntringui">fr</a>]</span> (1,575 m or 5,167 ft). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gran_Comore_landscape.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Gran_Comore_landscape.jpg/220px-Gran_Comore_landscape.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Gran_Comore_landscape.jpg/330px-Gran_Comore_landscape.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Gran_Comore_landscape.jpg/440px-Gran_Comore_landscape.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1613" data-file-height="1210" /></a><figcaption>Grande Comore landscape</figcaption></figure> <p>The islands of the Comoros Archipelago were formed by volcanic activity. Mount Karthala, an active <a href="/wiki/Shield_volcano" title="Shield volcano">shield volcano</a> located on Ngazidja, is the country's highest point, at 2,361 metres (7,746 feet). It contains the Comoros' largest patch of disappearing rainforest. Karthala is currently one of the most active volcanoes in the world, with a minor eruption in May 2006, and prior eruptions as recently as April 2005 and 1991. In the 2005 eruption, which lasted from 17 to 19 April, 40,000 citizens were evacuated, and the <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_crater_lake" title="Volcanic crater lake">crater lake</a> in the volcano's <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>three-by-four-kilometre (2-by-<span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>-mile) <a href="/wiki/Caldera" title="Caldera">caldera</a> was destroyed.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Comoros also lays claim to the <a href="/wiki/Scattered_Islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean"><i>Îles Éparses</i> or <i>Îles éparses de l'océan indien</i></a> (Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean) – <a href="/wiki/Glorioso_Islands" title="Glorioso Islands">Glorioso Islands</a>, comprising <a href="/wiki/Grande_Glorieuse" class="mw-redirect" title="Grande Glorieuse">Grande Glorieuse</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_du_Lys" title="Île du Lys">Île du Lys</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wreck_Rock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wreck Rock (page does not exist)">Wreck Rock</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Rock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Rock (page does not exist)">South Rock</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Verte_Rocks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Verte Rocks (page does not exist)">Verte Rocks</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roches_Vertes" class="extiw" title="fr:Roches Vertes">fr</a>]</span> (three islets) and three unnamed islets – one of France's overseas districts. The Glorioso Islands were administered by the colonial Comoros before 1975, and are therefore sometimes considered part of the Comoros Archipelago. <a href="/wiki/Banc_du_Geyser" title="Banc du Geyser">Banc du Geyser</a>, a former island in the Comoros Archipelago, now submerged, is geographically located in the <i>Îles Éparses</i>, but was annexed by <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a> in 1976 as an unclaimed territory. The Comoros and France each still view the Banc du Geyser as part of the Glorioso Islands and, thus, part of its particular exclusive economic zone. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comoros&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_Comoros" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of the Comoros">Climate of the Comoros</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Comoros_diver_with_fish_(5974549425).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Comoros_diver_with_fish_%285974549425%29.jpg/220px-Comoros_diver_with_fish_%285974549425%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Comoros_diver_with_fish_%285974549425%29.jpg/330px-Comoros_diver_with_fish_%285974549425%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Comoros_diver_with_fish_%285974549425%29.jpg/440px-Comoros_diver_with_fish_%285974549425%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="674" /></a><figcaption>Comoros diver with fish</figcaption></figure> <p>The climate is generally tropical and mild, and the two major seasons are distinguishable by their raininess. The temperature reaches an average of 29–30 °C (84–86 °F) in March, the hottest month in the rainy season (called kashkazi/kaskazi [meaning north monsoon], which runs from November to April), and an average low of 19 °C (66 °F) in the cool, dry season (kusi (meaning south monsoon), which proceeds from May to October).<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The islands are rarely subject to <a href="/wiki/Cyclone" title="Cyclone">cyclones</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biodiversity">Biodiversity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comoros&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Biodiversity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Comoros_forests" title="Comoros forests">Comoros forests</a>, <a href="/wiki/Comoro_Islands" title="Comoro Islands">Comoro Islands</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_the_Comoros" title="Wildlife of the Comoros">Wildlife of the Comoros</a></div> <p>The Comoros constitute an <a href="/wiki/Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">ecoregion</a> in their own right, <a href="/wiki/Comoros_forests" title="Comoros forests">Comoros forests</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DinersteinOlson2017_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DinersteinOlson2017-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It had a 2018 <a href="/wiki/Forest_Landscape_Integrity_Index" title="Forest Landscape Integrity Index">Forest Landscape Integrity Index</a> mean score of 7.69/10, ranking it 33rd globally out of 172 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-FLII-Supplementary_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FLII-Supplementary-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 1952 a specimen of the <a href="/wiki/West_Indian_Ocean_coelacanth" title="West Indian Ocean coelacanth">West Indian Ocean coelacanth</a> fish was re-discovered off the Comoros coast. The 66 million-year-old species was thought to have been long extinct until its first recorded appearance in 1938 off the South African coast.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1938 and 1975, 84 specimens were caught and recorded.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protected_areas">Protected areas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comoros&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Protected areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are six national parks in the Comoros – <a href="/wiki/Karthala" class="mw-redirect" title="Karthala">Karthala</a>, Coelacanth, and Mitsamiouli Ndroudi on Grande Comore, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Ntringui" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Ntringui">Mount Ntringui</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shisiwani_National_Park" title="Shisiwani National Park">Shisiwani</a> on Anjouan, and <a href="/wiki/Moh%C3%A9li_National_Park" title="Mohéli National Park">Mohéli National Park</a> on Mohéli. Karthala and Mount Ntrigui national parks cover the highest peaks on the respective islands, and Coelacanth, Mitsamiouli Ndroudi, and Shisiwani are marine national parks that protect the island's coastal waters and fringing reefs. Mohéli National Park includes both terrestrial and marine areas.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comoros&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Comoros" title="Politics of the Comoros">Politics of the Comoros</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Comoros" title="List of rulers of Comoros">List of rulers of Comoros</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Moroni_harbour_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Moroni_harbour_%282%29.jpg/220px-Moroni_harbour_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Moroni_harbour_%282%29.jpg/330px-Moroni_harbour_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Moroni_harbour_%282%29.jpg/440px-Moroni_harbour_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Moroni,_Comoros" title="Moroni, Comoros">Moroni</a>, capital of the Comoros, with the port and Badjanani Mosque</figcaption></figure> <p>Politics of the Comoros takes place in a framework of a <a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">unitary</a><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Presidential_system" title="Presidential system">presidential</a> <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a>, whereby the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Comoros" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Comoros">President of the Comoros</a> is both <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> and <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a>, and of a <a href="/wiki/Multi-party_system" title="Multi-party system">multi-party system</a>. The Constitution of the Union of the Comoros was ratified by referendum on 23 December 2001, and the islands' constitutions and executives were elected in the following months. It had previously been considered a military dictatorship, and the transfer of power from Azali Assoumani to Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi in May 2006 was a watershed moment as it was the first peaceful transfer in Comorian history. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Executive_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive power">Executive power</a> is exercised by the government. <a href="/wiki/Legislative_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative power">Legislative power</a> is vested in both the <a href="/wiki/Forms_of_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Forms of government">government</a> and parliament. The preamble of the constitution guarantees an Islamic inspiration in governance, a commitment to human rights, and several specific enumerated rights, democracy, "a common destiny" for all Comorians.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each of the islands (according to Title II of the Constitution) has a great amount of autonomy in the Union, including having their own constitutions (or Fundamental Law), president, and Parliament. The presidency and Assembly of the Union are distinct from each of the islands' governments. Up to a referendum on 30.7.2018 (62.7% participation, 92.34% for the amendment according to the Comorian government) the presidency of the Union rotated between the islands.<sup id="cite_ref-CfHR_Law-of-the-Union_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CfHR_Law-of-the-Union-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legal_system">Legal system</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comoros&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Legal system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Comorian <a href="/wiki/Legal_system" title="Legal system">legal system</a> rests on <a href="/wiki/Islamic_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic law">Islamic law</a>, an inherited French (<a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Code" title="Napoleonic Code">Napoleonic Code</a>) legal code, and customary law (mila na ntsi). Village elders, kadis or civilian courts settle most disputes. The <a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">judiciary</a> is independent of the <a href="/wiki/Legislative" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative">legislative</a> and the executive. The Supreme Court acts as a Constitutional Council in resolving constitutional questions and supervising presidential elections. As High Court of Justice, the Supreme Court also arbitrates in cases where the government is accused of malpractice. The Supreme Court consists of two members selected by the president, two elected by the Federal Assembly, and one by the council of each island.<sup id="cite_ref-CfHR_Law-of-the-Union_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CfHR_Law-of-the-Union-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_culture">Political culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comoros&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Political culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Around 80 percent of the central government's annual budget is spent on the country's complex administrative system which provides for a semi-autonomous government and president for each of the three islands and a rotating presidency for the overarching Union government.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A referendum took place on 16 May 2009 to decide whether to cut down the government's unwieldy political bureaucracy. 52.7% of those eligible voted, and 93.8% of votes were cast in approval of the referendum. Following the implementation of the changes, each island's president became a governor and the ministers became councillors.<sup id="cite_ref-allafrica20090519_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allafrica20090519-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_relations">Foreign relations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comoros&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Foreign relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Comoros" title="Foreign relations of the Comoros">Foreign relations of the Comoros</a></div> <p>In November 1975, the Comoros became the 143rd member of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>. The new nation was defined as comprising the entire <a href="/wiki/Archipelago" title="Archipelago">archipelago</a>, although the citizens of <a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a> chose to become French citizens and keep their island as a French territory.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Comoros has repeatedly pressed its claim to Mayotte before the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a>, which adopted a series of resolutions under the caption "Question of the Comorian Island of Mayotte", opining that Mayotte belongs to the Comoros under the principle that the territorial integrity of colonial territories should be preserved upon independence. As a practical matter, however, these resolutions have little effect and there is no foreseeable likelihood that Mayotte will become <i>de facto</i> part of the Comoros without its people's consent. More recently, the Assembly has maintained this item on its agenda but deferred it from year to year without taking action. Other bodies, including the <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_African_Unity" class="mw-redirect" title="Organization of African Unity">Organization of African Unity</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Movement_of_Non-Aligned_Countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Movement of Non-Aligned Countries">Movement of Non-Aligned Countries</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</a>, have similarly questioned French sovereignty over Mayotte.<sup id="cite_ref-GA31_first-resolution_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GA31_first-resolution-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To close the debate and to avoid being integrated by force in the Union of the Comoros, the population of Mayotte overwhelmingly chose to become an <a href="/wiki/Overseas_department" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas department">overseas department</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Region_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Region of France">region of France</a> in a <a href="/wiki/2009_Mahoran_status_referendum" title="2009 Mahoran status referendum">2009 referendum</a>. The new status was effective on 31 March 2011 and Mayotte has been recognised as an <a href="/wiki/Outermost_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Outermost region">outermost region</a> by the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> on 1 January 2014. This decision legally integrates Mayotte in the <a href="/wiki/French_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="French Republic">French Republic</a>. </p><p>The Comoros is a member of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, the <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a>, the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>, the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_Commission" title="Indian Ocean Commission">Indian Ocean Commission</a> and the <a href="/wiki/African_Development_Bank" title="African Development Bank">African Development Bank</a>. On 10 April 2008, the Comoros became the 179th nation to accept the <a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Protocol" title="Kyoto Protocol">Kyoto Protocol</a> to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Comoros signed the UN <a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Prohibition_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons">treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Azali_Assoumani" title="Azali Assoumani">Azali Assoumani</a>, President of the Comoros and Chair of the <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a>, attended the <a href="/wiki/2023_Russia%E2%80%93Africa_Summit" title="2023 Russia–Africa Summit">2023 Russia–Africa Summit</a> in Saint Petersburg.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2013 the Union of the Comoros became known for filing a referral to the Office of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court (ICC) regarding the events of "the 31 May 2010 Israeli raid on the Humanitarian Aid Flotilla bound for [the] Gaza Strip". In November 2014 the ICC Prosecutor eventually decided<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that the events did constitute war crimes but did not meet the gravity standards of bringing the case before ICC.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The emigration rate of skilled workers was about 21.2% in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military">Military</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comoros&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Military"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Army_of_National_Development" title="Army of National Development">Army of National Development</a></div> <p>The military resources of the Comoros consist of a small standing army and a 500-member police force, as well as a 500-member defence force. A defence treaty with France provides naval resources for protection of territorial waters, training of Comorian military personnel, and air surveillance. France maintains the presence of a few senior officers in the Comoros at government request, as well as a small maritime base and a <a href="/wiki/French_Foreign_Legion" title="French Foreign Legion">Foreign Legion</a> Detachment (DLEM) on <a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a>. </p><p>Once the new government was installed in May–June 2011, an expert mission from UNREC (Lomé) came to the Comoros and produced guidelines for the elaboration of a national security policy, which were discussed by different actors, notably the national defence authorities and civil society.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of the programme in end March 2012, a normative framework agreed upon by all entities involved in SSR will have been established.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (August 2021)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> This will then have to be adopted by Parliament and implemented by the authorities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Human_rights">Human rights</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comoros&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Human rights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Comoros" title="Human rights in the Comoros">Human rights in the Comoros</a></div> <p>Both male and female <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_Comoros" title="LGBT rights in the Comoros">same-sex sexual acts</a> are illegal in Comoros.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such acts are punished with up to five years' imprisonment.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comoros&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Comoros" title="Economy of the Comoros">Economy of the Comoros</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Historical_economic_growth_of_the_Comores.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Historical_economic_growth_of_the_Comores.jpg/290px-Historical_economic_growth_of_the_Comores.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Historical_economic_growth_of_the_Comores.jpg/435px-Historical_economic_growth_of_the_Comores.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Historical_economic_growth_of_the_Comores.jpg/580px-Historical_economic_growth_of_the_Comores.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1027" data-file-height="656" /></a><figcaption>GDP per capita development, since 1950</figcaption></figure> <p>The level of <a href="/wiki/Poverty" title="Poverty">poverty</a> in the Comoros is high, but "judging by the <a href="/wiki/Poverty_threshold" title="Poverty threshold">international poverty threshold</a> of $1.9 per person per day, only two out of every ten Comorians could be classified as poor, a rate that places the Comoros ahead of other <a href="/wiki/Low-income_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Low-income countries">low-income countries</a> and 30 percentage points ahead of other countries in <a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan Africa</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-2018WorldBank_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2018WorldBank-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Poverty declined by about 10% between 2014 and 2018, and living conditions generally improved.<sup id="cite_ref-2018WorldBank_88-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2018WorldBank-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Economic_inequality" title="Economic inequality">Economic inequality</a> remains widespread, with a major gap between rural and urban areas.<sup id="cite_ref-2018WorldBank_88-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2018WorldBank-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Remittance" title="Remittance">Remittances</a> through the sizable Comorian diaspora form a substantial part of the country's GDP<sup id="cite_ref-CSIS_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSIS-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and have contributed to decreases in poverty and increases in living standards.<sup id="cite_ref-2018WorldBank_88-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2018WorldBank-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/ILO" class="mw-redirect" title="ILO">ILO</a>'s ILOSTAT statistical database, between 1991 and 2019 the <a href="/wiki/Unemployment_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Unemployment rate">unemployment rate</a> as a percent of the total labor force ranged from 4.38% to 4.3%.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An October 2005 paper by the Comoros Ministry of Planning and Regional Development, however, reported that "registered unemployment rate is 14.3 percent, distributed very unevenly among and within the islands, but with marked incidence in urban areas."<sup id="cite_ref-Office_of_the_General_Commissioner_for_Planning,_Ministry_of_Planning_and_Regional_Development_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Office_of_the_General_Commissioner_for_Planning,_Ministry_of_Planning_and_Regional_Development-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, more than 56% of the labor force was employed in agriculture, with 29% employed in industry and 14% employed in services.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The islands' agricultural sector is based on the export of <a href="/wiki/Spice" title="Spice">spices</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Vanilla" title="Vanilla">vanilla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">cinnamon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cloves" class="mw-redirect" title="Cloves">cloves</a>, and thus susceptible to price fluctuations in the volatile world <a href="/wiki/Commodity_market" title="Commodity market">commodity market</a> for these goods.<sup id="cite_ref-CSIS_89-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSIS-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Comoros is the world's largest producer of <a href="/wiki/Ylang-ylang" class="mw-redirect" title="Ylang-ylang">ylang-ylang</a>, a plant whose extracted <a href="/wiki/Essential_oil" title="Essential oil">essential oil</a> is used in the <a href="/wiki/Perfume" title="Perfume">perfume</a> industry; some 80% of the world's supply comes from the Comoros.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>High population densities, as much as 1000 per square kilometre in the densest agricultural zones, for what is still a mostly rural, agricultural economy may lead to an environmental crisis in the near future, especially considering the high rate of population growth. In 2004 the Comoros' real GDP growth was a low 1.9% and real GDP per capita continued to decline. These declines are explained by factors including declining investment, drops in consumption, rising inflation, and an increase in trade imbalance due in part to lowered cash crop prices, especially vanilla.<sup id="cite_ref-Office_of_the_General_Commissioner_for_Planning,_Ministry_of_Planning_and_Regional_Development_91-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Office_of_the_General_Commissioner_for_Planning,_Ministry_of_Planning_and_Regional_Development-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fiscal policy is constrained by erratic fiscal revenues, a bloated civil service wage bill, and an external debt that is far above the <a href="/wiki/Heavily_indebted_poor_countries" title="Heavily indebted poor countries">HIPC</a> threshold. Membership in the franc zone, the main anchor of stability, has nevertheless helped contain pressures on domestic prices.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Comoros has an inadequate transportation system, a young and rapidly increasing population, and few natural resources. The low educational level of the labour force contributes to a subsistence level of economic activity, high <a href="/wiki/Unemployment" title="Unemployment">unemployment</a>, and a heavy dependence on foreign grants and technical assistance. Agriculture contributes 40% to <a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a> and provides most of the exports. </p><p>The government is struggling to upgrade education and technical training, to privatise commercial and industrial enterprises, to improve health services, to diversify exports, to promote tourism, and to reduce the high population growth rate.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Comoros is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Organization_for_the_Harmonization_of_Business_Law_in_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa">Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa</a> (<a href="/wiki/OHADA" title="OHADA">OHADA</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-ohada.com_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ohada.com-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comoros&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Comoros" title="Demographics of the Comoros">Demographics of the Comoros</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><div style="float:left; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;"><span style="font-size:110%;">Largest cities or towns in Comoros</span><br /><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;">Source:<sup id="cite_ref-LESOTHOCITIES_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LESOTHOCITIES-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th>Rank </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Comoros" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Comoros">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Islands_of_Comoros" class="mw-redirect" title="Islands of Comoros">Island</a> </th> <th>Pop. </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Moroni_harbour_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Moroni"><img alt="Moroni" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Moroni_harbour_%282%29.jpg/120px-Moroni_harbour_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Moroni_harbour_%282%29.jpg/180px-Moroni_harbour_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Moroni_harbour_%282%29.jpg/240px-Moroni_harbour_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Moroni,_Comoros" title="Moroni, Comoros">Moroni</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Citadel_of_Mutsamudu_(9983241846).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mutsamudu"><img alt="Mutsamudu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Citadel_of_Mutsamudu_%289983241846%29.jpg/120px-Citadel_of_Mutsamudu_%289983241846%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Citadel_of_Mutsamudu_%289983241846%29.jpg/180px-Citadel_of_Mutsamudu_%289983241846%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Citadel_of_Mutsamudu_%289983241846%29.jpg/240px-Citadel_of_Mutsamudu_%289983241846%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Mutsamudu" title="Mutsamudu">Mutsamudu</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Moroni,_Comoros" title="Moroni, Comoros">Moroni</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Grande_Comore" title="Grande Comore">Grande Comore</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">111,329 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stade_De_ouani_anjouan.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Ouani"><img alt="Ouani" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Stade_De_ouani_anjouan.JPG/120px-Stade_De_ouani_anjouan.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Stade_De_ouani_anjouan.JPG/180px-Stade_De_ouani_anjouan.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Stade_De_ouani_anjouan.JPG/240px-Stade_De_ouani_anjouan.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Ouani" title="Ouani">Ouani</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mutsamudu" title="Mutsamudu">Mutsamudu</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Anjouan" title="Anjouan">Anjouan</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">30,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ouani" title="Ouani">Ouani</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Anjouan" title="Anjouan">Anjouan</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">22,501 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mandza" title="Mandza">Mandza</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Grande_Comore" title="Grande Comore">Grande Comore</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">21,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Fomboni" title="Fomboni">Fomboni</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Moh%C3%A9li" title="Mohéli">Mohéli</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">18,277 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Domoni" title="Domoni">Domoni</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Anjouan" title="Anjouan">Anjouan</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">16,276 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Adda-Dou%C3%A9ni" title="Adda-Douéni">Adda-Douéni</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Anjouan" title="Anjouan">Anjouan</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">10,858 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kourani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kourani (page does not exist)">Kourani</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Grande_Comore" title="Grande Comore">Grande Comore</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">10,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bazimini" title="Bazimini">Bazimini</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Anjouan" title="Anjouan">Anjouan</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">8,952 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mkazi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mkazi (page does not exist)">Mkazi</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Grande_Comore" title="Grande Comore">Grande Comore</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">8,438 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Moroni_Mosque_Photo_by_Sascha_Grabow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Moroni_Mosque_Photo_by_Sascha_Grabow.jpg/170px-Moroni_Mosque_Photo_by_Sascha_Grabow.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Moroni_Mosque_Photo_by_Sascha_Grabow.jpg/255px-Moroni_Mosque_Photo_by_Sascha_Grabow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Moroni_Mosque_Photo_by_Sascha_Grabow.jpg/340px-Moroni_Mosque_Photo_by_Sascha_Grabow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="594" data-file-height="812" /></a><figcaption>A mosque in Moroni</figcaption></figure> <p>With about 850,000 residents, the Comoros is one of the least populous countries in the world, but its population density is high, with an average of 275 inhabitants per square kilometre (710/sq mi). In 2001, 34% of the population was considered urban, but the urban population has since grown; in recent years rural population growth has been negative, while overall population growth is still relatively high.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1958 the population was 183,133.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009, almost half the population of the Comoros was under the age of 15.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Major urban centres include <a href="/wiki/Moroni,_Comoros" title="Moroni, Comoros">Moroni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mitsamihuli" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitsamihuli">Mitsamihuli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Foumbouni" title="Foumbouni">Foumbouni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mutsamudu" title="Mutsamudu">Mutsamudu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Domoni" title="Domoni">Domoni</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fomboni" title="Fomboni">Fomboni</a>. There are between 200,000 and 350,000 Comorians in France.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic_groups">Ethnic groups</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comoros&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Ethnic groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The islands of the Comoros are 97.1% ethnically <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Comoros" title="Demographics of the Comoros">Comorian</a>, which is a mixture of <a href="/wiki/Bantu_peoples" title="Bantu peoples">Bantu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malagasy_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Malagasy people">Malagasy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a> people.<sup id="cite_ref-Comoros_-_People_{{!}}_Britannica_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Comoros_-_People_{{!}}_Britannica-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Minorities include <a href="/wiki/Makua_people" title="Makua people">Makua</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Asian_ethnic_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="South Asian ethnic groups">Indian</a> (mostly <a href="/wiki/Ismaili" class="mw-redirect" title="Ismaili">Ismaili</a>). There are recent immigrants of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_people" title="Chinese people">Chinese</a> origin in Grande Comore (especially Moroni). Although most French left after independence in 1975, a small <a href="/wiki/Creole_peoples" title="Creole peoples">Creole</a> community, descended from settlers from France, Madagascar and Réunion, lives in the Comoros.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comoros&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Comoros" title="Languages of the Comoros">Languages of the Comoros</a></div> <p>The most common <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Comoros" title="Languages of the Comoros">languages in the Comoros</a> are the <a href="/wiki/Comorian_languages" title="Comorian languages">Comorian languages</a>, collectively known as <i>Shikomori</i>. They are related to <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a>, and the four different variants (Shingazidja, Shimwali, Shindzwani and Shimaore) are spoken on each of the four islands. <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a> scripts are both used, Arabic being the more widely used, and an <a href="/wiki/Official_script" title="Official script">official orthography</a> has recently been developed for the Latin script.<sup id="cite_ref-chamanga_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chamanga-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> are also official languages, along with Comorian. Arabic is widely known as a second language, being the language of Quranic teaching. French is the administrative language and the language of most non-Quranic formal education. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comoros&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Comoros" title="Religion in the Comoros">Religion in the Comoros</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anjouan_-_Islands_of_Comoros.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Anjouan_-_Islands_of_Comoros.jpg/220px-Anjouan_-_Islands_of_Comoros.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Anjouan_-_Islands_of_Comoros.jpg/330px-Anjouan_-_Islands_of_Comoros.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Anjouan_-_Islands_of_Comoros.jpg/440px-Anjouan_-_Islands_of_Comoros.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1463" /></a><figcaption>A view of Domoni, <a href="/wiki/Anjouan" title="Anjouan">Anjouan</a> including mosque</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a> is <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_Comoros" title="Islam in the Comoros">the dominant religion</a>, followed by as much as 99% of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Comoros is the only Muslim-majority country in Southern Africa and one of the three southernmost Muslim-majority territories, along with <a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a> and the Australian territory of <a href="/wiki/Cocos_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Cocos Islands">Cocos Islands</a>. <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism_in_the_Comoros" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism in the Comoros">A minority of the population</a> of the Comoros are Christian, both Catholic and Protestant denominations are represented, and most Malagasy residents are also Christian. Immigrants from metropolitan France are mostly <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health">Health</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comoros&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Health_in_the_Comoros" title="Health in the Comoros">Health in the Comoros</a></div> <p>There are 15 physicians per 100,000 people. The <a href="/wiki/Fertility_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Fertility rate">fertility rate</a> was 4.7 per adult woman in 2004. <a href="/wiki/Life_expectancy" title="Life expectancy">Life expectancy</a> at birth is 67 for females and 62 for males.<sup id="cite_ref-afro.who.int_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-afro.who.int-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comoros&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Comoros" title="Education in the Comoros">Education in the Comoros</a></div> <p>Almost all children attend Quran Religious schools, usually before, although increasingly in tandem with regular schooling. Children are taught about the <a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a>, and memorise it, and learn the <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> script.: </p><p>Most parents prefer their children to attend Koran Religious schools before moving on to the <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>- <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> based schooling system. Although the state sector is plagued by a lack of resources, and the teachers by unpaid salaries, there are numerous private and community schools of relatively good standard. The national curriculum, apart from a few years during the revolutionary period immediately post-independence, has been very much based on the French system, both because resources are French and most Comorans hope to go on to further education in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>. There have recently been moves to Comorianise the syllabus and integrate the two systems, the formal and the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> Religious <a href="/wiki/Schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Schools">Schools</a>, into one, thus moving away from the secular educational system inherited from France.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pre-<a href="/wiki/Colonization" title="Colonization">colonization</a> education systems in Comoros focused on necessary skills such as agriculture, caring for livestock and completing household tasks. Religious education also taught <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>. The education system underwent a transformation during <a href="/wiki/Colonisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonisation">colonisation</a> in the early 1900s which brought secular education based on the <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French</a> system. This was mainly for children of the elite. After Comoros gained independence in 1975, the education system changed again. Funding for teachers' salaries was lost, and many went on strike. Thus, the public education system was not functioning between 1997 and 2001. Since gaining independence, the education system has also undergone a democratization and options exist for those other than the elite. Enrollment has also grown.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 2000, 44.2% of children aged 5 to 14 years were attending school. There is a general lack of facilities, equipment, qualified teachers, textbooks and other resources. <a href="/wiki/Salaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Salaries">Salaries</a> for teachers are often so far in arrears that many refuse to work.<sup id="cite_ref-ilab_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ilab-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prior to 2000, students seeking a university education had to attend school outside of the country In <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a> especially: <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>.: </p><p>However, in the early 2000s a university was created in the country. This served to help economic growth and to fight the "flight" of many educated people who were not returning to the islands to work.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Comorian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Comorian language">Comorian</a> has no native script, but both the <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> alphabets are used.= <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> and <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> In 2004, about 57 percent of the population was literate in the <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a> while more than 90 percent were literate in the <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic script</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comoros&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_Comoros" title="Public holidays in the Comoros">Public holidays in the Comoros</a></div> <p>Traditionally, women on Ndzwani wear red and white patterned garments called <i>shiromani</i>, while on Ngazidja and Mwali colourful shawls called <i>leso</i> are worn. Many women apply a paste of ground <a href="/wiki/Sandalwood" title="Sandalwood">sandalwood</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coral" title="Coral">coral</a> called <i><a href="/wiki/Msindzano" class="mw-redirect" title="Msindzano">msindzano</a></i> to their faces.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Traditional male clothing is a long white shirt known as a <i>nkandu</i>, and a bonnet called a <i>kofia</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriage">Marriage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comoros&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Marriage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are two types of marriages in Comoros, the little marriage (known as <i>Mna daho</i> on Ngazidja) and the customary marriage (known as <i>ada</i> on Ngazidja, <i>harusi</i> on the other islands). The little marriage is a simple legal marriage. It is small, intimate, and inexpensive, and the bride's dowry is nominal. A man may undertake a number of <i>Mna daho</i> marriages in his lifetime, often at the same time, a woman fewer; but both men and women will usually only undertake one <i>ada</i>, or grand marriage, and this must generally be within the village. The hallmarks of the grand marriage are dazzling gold jewelry, two weeks of celebration and an enormous bridal dowry. Although the expenses are shared between both families as well as with a wider social circle, an ada wedding on Ngazidja can cost up to €50,000.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many couples take a lifetime to save for their ada, and it is not uncommon for a marriage to be attended by a couple's adult children.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>ada</i> marriage marks a man's transition in the Ngazidja age system from youth to elder. His status in the social hierarchy greatly increases, and he will henceforth be entitled to speak in public and participate in the political process, both in his village and more widely across the island. He will be entitled to display his status by wearing a <i>mharuma</i>, a type of shawl, across his shoulders, and he can enter the mosque by the door reserved for elders, and sit at the front. A woman's status also changes, although less formally, as she becomes a "mother" and moves into her own house. The system is less formalised on the other islands, but the marriage is nevertheless a significant and costly event across the archipelago. The <i>ada</i> is often criticized because of its great expense, but at the same time it is a source of social cohesion and the main reason why migrants in France and elsewhere continue to send money home. Increasingly, marriages are also being taxed for the purposes of village development.<sup id="cite_ref-Walker,_Iain_2010_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walker,_Iain_2010-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kinship_and_social_structure">Kinship and social structure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comoros&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Kinship and social structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JOUR_DE_L%27A%C3%8FDE_DHUL_HAJJ_BANGOI-KOUNI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/JOUR_DE_L%27A%C3%8FDE_DHUL_HAJJ_BANGOI-KOUNI.jpg/220px-JOUR_DE_L%27A%C3%8FDE_DHUL_HAJJ_BANGOI-KOUNI.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/JOUR_DE_L%27A%C3%8FDE_DHUL_HAJJ_BANGOI-KOUNI.jpg/330px-JOUR_DE_L%27A%C3%8FDE_DHUL_HAJJ_BANGOI-KOUNI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/JOUR_DE_L%27A%C3%8FDE_DHUL_HAJJ_BANGOI-KOUNI.jpg/440px-JOUR_DE_L%27A%C3%8FDE_DHUL_HAJJ_BANGOI-KOUNI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Villagers in Bangwa Kuuni, Ngazidja</figcaption></figure> <p>Comorian society has a <a href="/wiki/Bilateral_descent" title="Bilateral descent">bilateral descent</a> system. Lineage membership and inheritance of immovable goods (land, housing) is matrilineal, passed in the maternal line, similar to many <a href="/wiki/Bantu_peoples" title="Bantu peoples">Bantu peoples</a> who are also matrilineal, while other goods and patronymics are passed in the male line. However, there are differences between the islands, the matrilineal element being stronger on Ngazidja.<sup id="cite_ref-Walker,_Iain_2010_116-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walker,_Iain_2010-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comoros&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Comoros" title="Music of the Comoros">Music of the Comoros</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Twarab" class="mw-redirect" title="Twarab">Twarab</a> music, imported from <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a> in the early 20th century, remains the most influential genre on the islands and is popular at <i>ada</i> marriages.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comoros&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_the_Comoros" title="Mass media in the Comoros">Mass media in the Comoros</a></div> <p>There are two daily national <a href="/wiki/Newspaper" title="Newspaper">newspapers</a> published in the Comoros, the government-owned <i><a href="/wiki/Al-Watwan" title="Al-Watwan">Al-Watwan</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the privately owned <i>La Gazette des Comores</i>, both published in <a href="/wiki/Moroni,_Comoros" title="Moroni, Comoros">Moroni</a>. There are a number of smaller newsletters published on an irregular basis as well as a variety of news websites. The government-owned ORTC (Office de Radio et Télévision des Comores) provides national radio and television service. There is a TV station run by the <a href="/wiki/Anjouan" title="Anjouan">Anjouan</a> regional government, and regional governments on the islands of <a href="/wiki/Grande_Comore" title="Grande Comore">Grande Comore</a> and Anjouan each operate a radio station. There are also a few independent and small community radio stations that operate on the islands of Grande Comore and <a href="/wiki/Moh%C3%A9li" title="Mohéli">Mohéli</a>, and these two islands have access to Mayotte Radio and French TV.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comoros&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Africa" title="Portal:Africa">Africa portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Comoros-related_articles" title="Index of Comoros-related articles">Index of Comoros-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Comoros" title="Outline of the Comoros">Outline of the Comoros</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comoros&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mixture of <a href="/wiki/Bantu_peoples" title="Bantu peoples">Bantu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malagasy_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Malagasy people">Malagasy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a> people</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The current constitution has been slightly revised in February 2018.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/39\/En-us-Comoros.ogg\/En-us-Comoros.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-Comoros.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/En-us-Comoros.ogg/En-us-Comoros.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Comoros.ogg" title="File:En-us-Comoros.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">KOM</span>-ə-rohz</i></a>; <a href="/wiki/Comorian_languages" title="Comorian languages">Comorian</a>: <i>Komori</i>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ko.mo.ri]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">جزر القمر</span>, <i><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">Juzur al-Qumur / Qamar</i></span></i>; <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Comores</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Comorian_languages" title="Comorian languages">Comorian</a>: <i>Udzima wa Komori;</i> <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Union des Comores</i>; <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الاتحاد القمري</span> <i><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-Ittiḥād al-Qumurī / Qamarī</i></span></i></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comoros&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comoros&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Comoros_-_People_{{!}}_Britannica-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Comoros_-_People_{{!}}_Britannica_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Comoros_-_People_{{!}}_Britannica_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Comoros/People">"Comoros – People | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201219213908/https://www.britannica.com/place/Comoros/People">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Hurst Publishers. 2019, p 254.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/comoros/2.htm">Comoros – Early Visitors and Settlers</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613173553/http://countrystudies.us/comoros/2.htm">Archived</a> 13 June 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Country_Studies" title="Library of Congress Country Studies">Library of Congress Country Studies</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Encyclopaedia_of_Islam_1979,_vol._v,_p._381-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopaedia_of_Islam_1979,_vol._v,_p._381_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isamveri.org/pdfdkm/12/DKM120302.pdf">"French acquisition of Comoros"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Encyclopedia of Islam 1979, vol. v, p. 381</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151208052216/http://isamveri.org/pdfdkm/12/DKM120302.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 8 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Redlands+Daily+Facts&rft.atitle=70-million-year-old+fish+dissected+%E2%80%93+Coaelacanth+%281975%29&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1975-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F11755368%2F70millionyearold_fish_dissected%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComoros" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">UNEP-WCMC (2021). Protected Area Profile for Comoros from the World Database of Protected Areas. Accessed 31 August 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.protectedplanet.net/en/country/COM">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210831155830/https://www.protectedplanet.net/en/country/COM">Archived</a> 31 August 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Comoros_2018">"Comoros 2018"</a>. <i>Constitute</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Constitute&rft.atitle=Comoros+2001+%28rev.+2009%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.constituteproject.org%2Fconstitution%2FComoros_2009%3Flang%3Den%231&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComoros" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CfHR_Law-of-the-Union-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CfHR_Law-of-the-Union_73-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CfHR_Law-of-the-Union_73-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061009114022/http://www.chr.up.ac.za/hr_docs/constitutions/docs/ComorosC%20(english%20summary)(rev).doc">"Fundamental Law of the Union of Comoros (English excerpts)"</a>. Centre for Human Rights, University of Pretoria, South Africa. 23 December 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chr.up.ac.za/hr_docs/constitutions/docs/ComorosC%20(english%20summary)(rev).doc">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(DOC)</span> on 9 October 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fundamental+Law+of+the+Union+of+Comoros+%28English+excerpts%29&rft.pub=Centre+for+Human+Rights%2C+University+of+Pretoria%2C+South+Africa&rft.date=2001-12-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chr.up.ac.za%2Fhr_docs%2Fconstitutions%2Fdocs%2FComorosC%2520%28english%2520summary%29%28rev%29.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComoros" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=83144">"COMOROS: Reforming 'the coup-coup islands'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Humanitarian" title="The New Humanitarian">IRIN</a>. 25 February 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090930032932/http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=83144">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=COMOROS%3A+Reforming+%27the+coup-coup+islands%27&rft.pub=IRIN&rft.date=2009-02-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irinnews.org%2FReport.aspx%3FReportId%3D83144&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComoros" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-allafrica20090519-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-allafrica20090519_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://allafrica.com/stories/200905190777.html">"Comoros: Referendum Approves Downscaling of Government"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Comoros%3A+Referendum+Approves+Downscaling+of+Government&rft.date=2009-05-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fallafrica.com%2Fstories%2F200905190777.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComoros" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Security Council S/PV. 1888 para 247 S/11967 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.globalpolicy.org/security/membship/veto/vetosubj.htm">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080317010910/http://www.globalpolicy.org/security/membship/veto/vetosubj.htm">Archived</a> 17 March 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://legal.un.org/repertory/art33/english/rep_supp5_vol2-art33_e.pdf">[3]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006084240/http://legal.un.org/repertory/art33/english/rep_supp5_vol2-art33_e.pdf">Archived</a> 6 October 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GA31_first-resolution-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GA31_first-resolution_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The first UN General Assembly Resolution regarding the matter, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080408191407/http://un.cti.depaul.edu/Countries/Comoros/1156213396.pdf">Question of the Comorian island of Mayotte</a> (PDF)", United Nations General Assembly Resolution A/RES/31/4, (21 October 1976) states "the occupation by France of the Comorian island of Mayotte constitutes a flagrant encroachment on the national unity of the Comorian State, a Member of the United Nations," rejecting the French-administered referendums and condemning French presence in Mayotte.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080527195255/http://un.cti.depaul.edu/Countries/Comoros/1156245840.pdf">"Forty-ninth session: Agenda item 36: 49/18. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://un.cti.depaul.edu/Countries/Comoros/1156245840.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 27 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Nations+General+Assembly&rft.atitle=Forty-ninth+session%3A+Agenda+item+36%3A+49%2F18.+Question+of+the+Comorian+island+of+Mayotte&rft.date=1994-12-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fun.cti.depaul.edu%2FCountries%2FComoros%2F1156245840.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComoros" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918081611/http://unfccc.int/files/kyoto_protocol/status_of_ratification/application/pdf/kp_ratification.pdf">"unfccc.int KYOTO PROTOCOL – STATUS OF RATIFICATION"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Unfccc.int</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unfccc.int/files/kyoto_protocol/status_of_ratification/application/pdf/kp_ratification.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 18 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Unfccc.int&rft.atitle=unfccc.int+KYOTO+PROTOCOL+%E2%80%93+STATUS+OF+RATIFICATION&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funfccc.int%2Ffiles%2Fkyoto_protocol%2Fstatus_of_ratification%2Fapplication%2Fpdf%2Fkp_ratification.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComoros" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en">"Chapter XXVI: Disarmament – No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chapter+XXVI%3A+Disarmament+%E2%80%93+No.+9+Treaty+on+the+Prohibition+of+Nuclear+Weapons&rft.pub=United+Nations+Treaty+Collection&rft.date=2017-07-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftreaties.un.org%2FPages%2FViewDetails.aspx%3Fsrc%3DTREATY%26mtdsg_no%3DXXVI-9%26chapter%3D26%26clang%3D_en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComoros" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/russia-africa-summit-ukraine-grain-war-125d5a6d5052f4221c46be52c1618cf7">"African leaders leave Russia summit without grain deal or a path to end the war in Ukraine"</a>. <i>AP News</i>. 30 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=African+leaders+leave+Russia+summit+without+grain+deal+or+a+path+to+end+the+war+in+Ukraine&rft.date=2023-07-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Frussia-africa-summit-ukraine-grain-war-125d5a6d5052f4221c46be52c1618cf7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComoros" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Office of the Prosecutor, Situation on Registered Vessels of Comoros, Greece and Cambodia Article 53(1) Report, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/otp/OTP-COM-Article_53%281%29-Report-06Nov2014Eng.pdf">"Report of 6th November 2014"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319233648/http://www.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/otp/OTP-COM-Article_53(1)-Report-06Nov2014Eng.pdf">Archived</a> 19 March 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Statement of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, <a href="/wiki/Fatou_Bensouda" title="Fatou Bensouda">Fatou Bensouda</a>, on concluding the preliminary examination of the situation referred by the Union of the Comoros: "Rome Statute legal requirements have not been met",<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/icc/structure%20of%20the%20court/office%20of%20the%20prosecutor/reports%20and%20statements/statement/Pages/otp-statement-06-11-2014.aspx">"Statement of 6th November 2014"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150602191655/http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/icc/structure%20of%20the%20court/office%20of%20the%20prosecutor/reports%20and%20statements/statement/Pages/otp-statement-06-11-2014.aspx">Archived</a> 2 June 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRathaSanket_MohapatraAni_Silwal2011" class="citation web cs1">Ratha, Dilip; Sanket Mohapatra; Ani Silwal (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPROSPECTS/Resources/334934-1199807908806/Comoros.pdf">"The Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011: Comoros"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Worldbank.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054019/http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPROSPECTS/Resources/334934-1199807908806/Comoros.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Worldbank.org&rft.atitle=The+Migration+and+Remittances+Factbook+2011%3A+Comoros&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Ratha&rft.aufirst=Dilip&rft.au=Sanket+Mohapatra&rft.au=Ani+Silwal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsiteresources.worldbank.org%2FINTPROSPECTS%2FResources%2F334934-1199807908806%2FComoros.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComoros" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">FINAL EVALUATION, Peace Building Fund Programme in the Comoros 2008–2011, 19 October 2011 – 8 November 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAvery2019" class="citation news cs1">Avery, Daniel (4 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974">"71 Countries Where Homosexuality is Illegal"</a>. <i>Newsweek</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191211204842/https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974">Archived</a> from the original on 11 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=71+Countries+Where+Homosexuality+is+Illegal&rft.date=2019-04-04&rft.aulast=Avery&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2F73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComoros" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report">"State-Sponsored Homophobia"</a>. <i>International Lesbian Gay Bisexual Trans and Intersex Association</i>. 20 March 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200208040345/https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Lesbian+Gay+Bisexual+Trans+and+Intersex+Association&rft.atitle=State-Sponsored+Homophobia&rft.date=2019-03-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Filga.org%2Fstate-sponsored-homophobia-report&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComoros" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2018WorldBank-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2018WorldBank_88-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2018WorldBank_88-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2018WorldBank_88-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2018WorldBank_88-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/comoros/publication/latest-report-on-poverty-in-the-comoros">Latest Report on Poverty in the Comoros</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200129213150/https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/comoros/publication/latest-report-on-poverty-in-the-comoros">Archived</a> 29 January 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, World Bank (14 June 2018).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CSIS-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CSIS_89-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CSIS_89-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.csis.org/analysis/comoros-big-troubles-some-small-islands">Comoros: Big Troubles on Some Small Islands</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200129222939/https://www.csis.org/analysis/comoros-big-troubles-some-small-islands">Archived</a> 29 January 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Center for Strategic and International Studies (14 April 2008).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS">Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (modeled ILO estimate)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190612090355/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS">Archived</a> 12 June 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT database. Data retrieved in December 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Office_of_the_General_Commissioner_for_Planning,_Ministry_of_Planning_and_Regional_Development-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Office_of_the_General_Commissioner_for_Planning,_Ministry_of_Planning_and_Regional_Development_91-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Office_of_the_General_Commissioner_for_Planning,_Ministry_of_Planning_and_Regional_Development_91-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPRS1/Resources/Comoros_IPRSP(Oct2005).pdf">"Union of the Comoros: Poverty Reduction and Growth Strategy Paper (Updated Interim Paper)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Office of the General Commissioner for Planning, Ministry of Planning and Regional Development. October 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061231121817/http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPRS1/Resources/Comoros_IPRSP(Oct2005).pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 31 December 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Union+of+the+Comoros%3A+Poverty+Reduction+and+Growth+Strategy+Paper+%28Updated+Interim+Paper%29&rft.pub=Office+of+the+General+Commissioner+for+Planning%2C+Ministry+of+Planning+and+Regional+Development&rft.date=2005-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsiteresources.worldbank.org%2FINTPRS1%2FResources%2FComoros_IPRSP%28Oct2005%29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComoros" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/comoros/economy">Comoros: Economy</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200129213148/https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/comoros/economy">Archived</a> 29 January 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, globalEDGE, Michigan State University (29 January 2020).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sarah Graingerm <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3652780.stm">Comoros seeks sweet smell of success</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200129213845/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3652780.stm">Archived</a> 29 January 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, BBC News (14 September 2004).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110513113341/http://www.mfw4a.org/comoros/comoros-financial-sector-profile.html">"Comoros: Financial Sector Profile"</a>. mfw4a.org. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ruralpovertyportal.org&rft.atitle=Rural+Poverty+Portal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ruralpovertyportal.org%2Fcountry%2Fhome%2Ftags%2Fcomoros&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComoros" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ohada.com-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ohada.com_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ohada.com/index.php">"OHADA.com: The business law portal in Africa"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090326033744/http://www.ohada.com/index.php">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OHADA.com%3A+The+business+law+portal+in+Africa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohada.com%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComoros" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LESOTHOCITIES-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LESOTHOCITIES_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://simplemaps.com/static/data/country-cities/km/km.xlsx">"Comoros Cities by Population, 2022"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Comoros+Cities+by+Population%2C+2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsimplemaps.com%2Fstatic%2Fdata%2Fcountry-cities%2Fkm%2Fkm.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComoros" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (2005) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/WUP2005/2005WUPHighlights_Final_Report.pdf"><i>World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision and World Urbanization Prospects: The 2005 Revision</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170623123645/http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/WUP2005/2005WUPHighlights_Final_Report.pdf">Archived</a> 23 June 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Population census of the Comoro Islands, 1951, 1956 and 1958</i> (mircofilm). 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Encyclopædia Britannica.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSL27778648">FACTBOX-Relations between France and Comoros</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171012030947/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSL27778648">Archived</a> 12 October 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Comoros+country+profile&rft.date=2018-07-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-13229685&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComoros" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chamanga-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-chamanga_103-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohamed_Ahmed-Chamanga2010" class="citation book cs1">Mohamed Ahmed-Chamanga (2010). <i>Introduction à la grammaire structurale du comorien</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WHO+Country+Offices+in+the+WHO+African+Region+%E2%80%93+WHO+Regional+Office+for+Africa&rft.pub=Afro.who.int&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afro.who.int%2Fhome%2Fcountries%2Ffact_sheets%2Fcomoros.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComoros" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Damir Ben Ali & Iain Walker. 2017 "Attempts at fusion of the Comorian educational systems: Religious education in Comorian and <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> and secular education in French". In I. 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"Becoming the Other, Being Oneself: Constructing Identities in a Connected World." Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraebner2001" class="citation journal cs1">Graebner, Werner (2001). "Twarab ya shingazidja: a first approach". <i>Swahili Forum</i>. <b>8</b>: 129–143.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Swahili+Forum&rft.atitle=Twarab+ya+shingazidja%3A+a+first+approach&rft.volume=8&rft.pages=129-143&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Graebner&rft.aufirst=Werner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComoros" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alwatwan.net">"Accueil – Al-watwan, Quotidien comorien"</a>. <i>Alwatwan.net</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170826071119/https://alwatwan.net/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alwatwan.net&rft.atitle=Accueil+%E2%80%93+Al-watwan%2C+Quotidien+comorien&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alwatwan.net&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComoros" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/about/copyright-and-contributors/">public domain material</a> from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/comoros/#communications">"Comoros: Communications"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Comoros%3A+Communications&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fcomoros%2F%23communications&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComoros" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comoros&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Ottenheimer" class="citation book cs1">Martin Ottenheimer; Harriet Ottenheimer (1994). <i>Historical Dictionary of the Comoro Islands. </i>African Historical Dictionaries; No. 59<i><span></span></i>. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-585-07021-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-585-07021-6"><bdi>978-0-585-07021-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Comoro+Islands.+African+Historical+Dictionaries%3B+No.+59&rft.place=Metuchen%2C+NJ&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-585-07021-6&rft.au=Martin+Ottenheimer&rft.au=Harriet+Ottenheimer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComoros" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIain_Walker2019" class="citation book cs1">Iain Walker (2019). <i>Islands in a Cosmopolitan Sea: A History of the Comoros</i>. London, England: Hurst Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781787381469" title="Special:BookSources/9781787381469"><bdi>9781787381469</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islands+in+a+Cosmopolitan+Sea%3A+A+History+of+the+Comoros&rft.place=London%2C+England&rft.pub=Hurst+Publishers&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9781787381469&rft.au=Iain+Walker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComoros" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>This article incorporates text from the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> Country Studies, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comoros&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right mw-collapsible mw-collapsed sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow" style="clear: both"> <b>Comoros</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex mw-collapsible-content"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Comoros" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Comoros">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Komori" class="extiw" title="c:Komori">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Comoros" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Comoros">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Comoros" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Comoros">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Comoros" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Comoros">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Comoros" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Comoros">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Comoros" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Comoros">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Comoros" class="extiw" title="voy:Comoros">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101210081335/http://www.beit-salam.km/">Union des Comores</a> – Official government website</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/16px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/24px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/32px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Comoros" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Comoros">Wikimedia Atlas of Comoros</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://go2comoros.com/">Tourism website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210227184315/https://go2comoros.com/">Archived</a> 27 February 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.embassy.org/embassies/km.html">Embassy des Comores</a> – The Federal and Islamic Republic of the Comoros in New York, United States</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ucblibraries.summon.serialssolutions.com/#!/search?ho=t&l=en&q=comoros">Comoros</a> web resources provided by GovPubs at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Colorado_Boulder_Libraries" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Colorado Boulder Libraries">University of Colorado Boulder Libraries</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13229685">Comoros</a> from the <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=KM">Key Development Forecasts for Comoros</a> from <a href="/wiki/International_Futures" title="International Futures">International Futures</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Comoros_topics" title="Template:Comoros topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Comoros_topics" title="Template talk:Comoros topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Comoros_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Comoros topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Comoros_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Comoros</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Comoros-related_articles" title="Index of Comoros-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Comoros" title="History of the Comoros">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bantu_peoples" title="Bantu peoples">Bantu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirazi_people" title="Shirazi people">Shirazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sultans_on_the_Comoros" title="List of sultans on the Comoros">Sultans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Comoros" title="Slavery in the Comoros">Slavery in the Comoros</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Comoros#French_Comoros" title="History of the Comoros">French Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Comoros" title="Territory of the Comoros">Territory of the Comoros</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_the_Comoros" title="List of colonial governors of the Comoros">Colonial governors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Comoros_(1978%E2%80%931989)" title="History of the Comoros (1978–1989)">1979–1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Azalee" title="Operation Azalee">Operation Azalee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_invasion_of_Anjouan" title="2008 invasion of Anjouan">2008 invasion of Anjouan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Comoros" title="List of wars involving Comoros">Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Comorian_coups_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="List of Comorian coups d'état">Coups</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/National_seal_of_the_Comoros" title="National seal of the Comoros"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Seal_of_the_Comoros.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_Comoros.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Seal_of_the_Comoros.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_Comoros.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Seal_of_the_Comoros.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_Comoros.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="699" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Comoros" title="Geography of the Comoros">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_Comoros" title="List of cities in the Comoros">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Comoros#Climate" title="Geography of the Comoros">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regions_of_the_Comoros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regions of the Comoros (page does not exist)">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_the_Comoros" title="List of volcanoes in the Comoros">Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_the_Comoros" title="Wildlife of the Comoros">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Comoros" title="Politics of the Comoros">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Comoros" title="Constitution of the Comoros">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Comoros" title="Elections in the Comoros">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Comoros" title="Foreign relations of the Comoros">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Comoros" title="Human rights in the Comoros">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_Comoros" title="LGBT rights in the Comoros">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_in_the_Comoros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law enforcement in the Comoros (page does not exist)">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comorian_Armed_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Comorian Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Comoros" title="List of political parties in the Comoros">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Comoros" title="List of heads of state of the Comoros">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_the_Comoros" title="Vice-President of the Comoros">Vice-President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_the_Comoros" title="List of prime ministers of the Comoros">Prime Minister</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Comoros" title="Economy of the Comoros">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_Comoros" title="Agriculture in the Comoros">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comorian_franc" title="Comorian franc">Franc <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_industry_of_the_Comoros" title="Mining industry of the Comoros">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Comoros" title="Telecommunications in the Comoros">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Comoros" title="Tourism in the Comoros">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_the_Comoros" title="Trade unions in the Comoros">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_the_Comoros" title="Transport in the Comoros">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_Comoros" title="Abortion in the Comoros">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_the_Comoros" title="Corruption in the Comoros">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Comoros" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of the Comoros">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Comoros" title="Demographics of the Comoros">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Comoros" title="Education in the Comoros">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Comoros" title="Flag of the Comoros">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_the_Comoros" title="Health in the Comoros">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_Comoros" title="Public holidays in the Comoros">Holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Comoros" title="Languages of the Comoros">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_the_Comoros" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of the Comoros">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Comoros" title="Music of the Comoros">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comoros_at_the_Olympics" title="Comoros at the Olympics">Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Comoros" title="Religion in the Comoros">Religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Comoros" title="Outline of the Comoros">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Comoros-related_articles" title="Index of Comoros-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Comoros" title="Category:Comoros">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_territories_bordering_the_Indian_Ocean" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_and_territories_bordering_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Template:Countries and territories bordering the Indian Ocean"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_and_territories_bordering_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Template talk:Countries and territories bordering the Indian Ocean"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_and_territories_bordering_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries and territories bordering the Indian Ocean"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_territories_bordering_the_Indian_Ocean" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Countries and territories bordering the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Indianocean.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of the Indian Ocean"><img alt="Map of the Indian Ocean" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Indianocean.PNG/100px-Indianocean.PNG" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Indianocean.PNG/150px-Indianocean.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Indianocean.PNG/200px-Indianocean.PNG 2x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="330" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">United Kingdom</span></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Australia)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Australia)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">Timor-Leste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Antarctic_Territory" title="Australian Antarctic Territory">Australian Antarctic Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands" title="French Southern and Antarctic Lands">French Southern and Antarctic Lands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heard_Island_and_McDonald_Islands" title="Heard Island and McDonald Islands">Heard Island and McDonald Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_of_Africa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries of Africa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_territories_of_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Africa" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Africa">Countries and territories</a> of <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> (partly in Asia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding:0 0.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited<br />recognition</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Territorial_dispute" title="Territorial dispute">unclear sovereignty</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent<br />territories</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scattered_Islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean">Îles Éparses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">African territories<br />fully part of<br />non-African states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pantelleria" title="Pantelleria">Pantelleria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelagie_Islands" title="Pelagie Islands">Pelagie Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savage_Islands" title="Savage Islands">Savage Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plazas_de_soberan%C3%ADa" title="Plazas de soberanía">Plazas de soberanía</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Yemen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socotra" title="Socotra">Socotra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Africa" title="Category:Africa">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Africa" title="Portal:Africa">Africa portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_regions_in_the_Somali_plate" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_and_regions_in_the_Somali_Plate" title="Template:Countries and regions in the Somali Plate"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Countries_and_regions_in_the_Somali_Plate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Countries and regions in the Somali Plate (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_and_regions_in_the_Somali_Plate" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries and regions in the Somali Plate"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_regions_in_the_Somali_plate" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Countries and regions in the <a href="/wiki/Somali_plate" title="Somali plate">Somali plate</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Country" title="Country">Countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KwaZulu-Natal" title="KwaZulu-Natal">KwaZulu-Natal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(South Africa)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(France)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(France)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Region" title="Somali Region">Somali Region</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Ethiopia)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Arab_League" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arab_League" title="Template:Arab League"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arab_League" title="Template talk:Arab League"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arab_League" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arab League"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Arab_League" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Arab_League" title="Category:Arab League">Arab League</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_the_Arab_League" title="Lists of the Arab League">Lists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Arab_League" title="Politics of the Arab League">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charter_of_the_Arab_League" title="Charter of the Arab League">Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Arab_League" title="Council of the Arab League">Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Arab_League" title="Flag of the Arab League">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Arab_world" title="Geography of the Arab world">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headquarters_of_the_Arab_League" title="Headquarters of the Arab League">Headquarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Arab_League" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Arab League">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Arab_League" title="Military of the Arab League">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Central_Command" title="United States Central Command">United States Central Command</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_military_bases" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States military bases">United States military bases</a>)</li> <li>Joint Defence Council</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Parliament" title="Arab Parliament">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Union" title="Arab Union">Arab Union</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Arab_League.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Emblem_of_the_Arab_League.svg/55px-Emblem_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Emblem_of_the_Arab_League.svg/83px-Emblem_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Emblem_of_the_Arab_League.svg/110px-Emblem_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Membership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Arab_League" title="Member states of the Arab League">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diplomacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Peace_Initiative" title="Arab Peace Initiative">Arab Peace Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League_monitors_in_Syria" title="Arab League monitors in Syria">Arab League monitors in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Arab League–European Union relations">Arab League–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Arab_League" title="Foreign relations of the Arab League">Foreign relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Arab_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of the Arab League">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Arab_League" title="Economy of the Arab League">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Arab_League_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of Arab League countries by GDP (nominal)">GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Social_Council_(Arab_League)" title="Economic and Social Council (Arab League)">Economic and Social Council</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutions_of_the_Arab_League" title="Institutions of the Arab League">Institutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_policies_of_the_Arab_League" title="Sport policies of the Arab League">Sport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Arabism" title="Pan-Arabism">Pan-Arabism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Arab_National_Olympic_Committees" title="Union of Arab National Olympic Committees">Union of Arab National Olympic Committees</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pan_Arab_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan Arab Games">Pan Arab Games</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_(OIC)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Template:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Template talk:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_(OIC)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</a> (OIC)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Secretary-General of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Secretary-General of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hissein_Brahim_Taha" title="Hissein Brahim Taha">Hissein Brahim Taha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Member states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_and_the_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Pakistan and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Pakistan-OIC relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Suspended</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;padding-right:0.75em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Countries<br />and territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;padding-right:0.75em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Muslim<br />communities</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moro_National_Liberation_Front" title="Moro National Liberation Front">Moro National Liberation Front</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;padding-right:0.75em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">International<br />organizations</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Organization" title="Economic Cooperation Organization">Economic Cooperation Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Declarations" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Declarations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abuja_Declaration_(1989)" title="Abuja Declaration (1989)">Abuja Declaration (1989)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairo_Declaration_on_Human_Rights_in_Islam" title="Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam">Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OIC_Resolution_10/11" title="OIC Resolution 10/11">OIC Resolution 10/11</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OIC_Council_of_Foreign_Ministers_Resolution_10/37" title="OIC Council of Foreign Ministers Resolution 10/37">OIC Council of Foreign Ministers Resolution 10/37</a> (2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sessions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Extraordinary" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Extraordinary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="First Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Second Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Third Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Fourth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Fourth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Fifth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Fifth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Sixth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Sixth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Seventh Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Seventh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Eighth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Eighth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Ninth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Ninth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Arab%E2%80%93Islamic_extraordinary_summit" title="2023 Arab–Islamic extraordinary summit">Arab–Islamic (2023)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Demographics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Economy of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_states_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member states by GDP (PPP)">GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_states_by_GDP_per_capita_(PPP)" title="List of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member states by GDP per capita (PPP)">GDP per capita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_states_by_exports" title="List of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member states by exports">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_states_by_imports" title="List of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member states by imports">Imports</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_states_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member states by population">Population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_in_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest cities in Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member countries">Largest cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_member_states_of_the_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Education in the member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Education</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> As the "Turkish Cypriot State".</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="African_Union" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:African_Union" title="Template:African Union"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:African_Union" title="Template talk:African Union"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:African_Union" title="Special:EditPage/Template:African Union"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="African_Union" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_African_Union" title="History of the African Union">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Africanism" title="Pan-Africanism">Pan-Africanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decolonisation_of_Africa" title="Decolonisation of Africa">Decolonisation of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casablanca_Group" title="Casablanca Group">Casablanca Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monrovia_Group" title="Monrovia Group">Monrovia Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_and_Malagasy_Union" title="African and Malagasy Union">African and Malagasy Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Monetary_Union" title="African Monetary Union">Abuja Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirte_Declaration" title="Sirte Declaration">Sirte Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutive_Act_of_the_African_Union" title="Constitutive Act of the African Union">Lome Summit</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Organisation of African Unity">Organisation of African Unity</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Chairperson of the Organisation of African Unity">Chairperson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Secretary General of the Organisation of African Unity">Secretary General</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_African_Union" title="Geography of the African Union">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Countries_bordering_the_African_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Countries bordering the African Union">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_the_African_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Extreme points of the African Union">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_African_Union" title="Member states of the African Union">Member states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_the_African_Union" title="Regions of the African Union">Regions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Organs_of_the_African_Union" title="Organs of the African Union">Organs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Council_of_the_African_Union" title="Executive Council of the African Union">Executive Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Representatives%27_Committee_of_the_African_Union" title="Permanent Representatives' Committee of the African Union">Permanent Representatives' Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specialised_Technical_Committees_of_the_African_Union" title="Specialised Technical Committees of the African Union">Specialized Technical Committees</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_African_Union" title="Assembly of the African Union">Assembly</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_African_Union" title="Chairperson of the African Union">Chairperson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Commission" title="African Union Commission">Commission</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_African_Union_Commission" title="Chairperson of the African Union Commission">Chairperson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_African_Union_Commission" title="Chairperson of the African Union Commission">Deputy Chairperson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Conference_Center_and_Office_Complex" title="African Union Conference Center and Office Complex">AUCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_African_Union_Commission_Chairperson_election" title="2025 African Union Commission Chairperson election">2025 election</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pan-African_Parliament" title="Pan-African Parliament">Pan-African Parliament</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_the_Pan-African_Parliament" title="Bureau of the Pan-African Parliament">Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Pan-African_Parliament" title="Secretariat of the Pan-African Parliament">Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallagher_Convention_Centre" title="Gallagher Convention Centre">Gallagher Estate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Justice_of_the_African_Union" title="Court of Justice of the African Union">African Court of Justice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Court_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights">African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economic,_Social_and_Cultural_Council" title="Economic, Social and Cultural Council">ECOSOCC Committees</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Security_Committee" title="Peace and Security Committee">Peace and Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_Affairs_Committee_(African_Union)" title="Political Affairs Committee (African Union)">Political Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_and_Energy_Committee" title="Infrastructure and Energy Committee">Infrastructure and Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Affairs_and_Health_Committee" title="Social Affairs and Health Committee">Social Affairs and Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Resources,_Science,_and_Technology_Committee" title="Human Resources, Science, and Technology Committee">HR, Sciences and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_and_Industry_Committee_(African_Union)" title="Trade and Industry Committee (African Union)">Trade and Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_Economy_and_Agriculture_Committee" title="Rural Economy and Agriculture Committee">Rural Economy and Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Affairs_Committee_(African_Union)" title="Economic Affairs Committee (African Union)">Economic Affairs</a></li> <li>Women and Gender</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-Cutting_Programs_Committee" title="Cross-Cutting Programs Committee">Cross-Cutting Programs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Financial institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Central_Bank" title="African Central Bank">African Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Monetary_Fund" title="African Monetary Fund">African Monetary Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Investment_Bank" title="African Investment Bank">African Investment Bank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Security_Council" title="Peace and Security Council">Peace and Security Council</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Capacity_for_Immediate_Response_to_Crises" title="African Capacity for Immediate Response to Crises">ACIRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Standby_Force" title="African Standby Force">African Standby Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panel_of_the_Wise" title="Panel of the Wise">Panel of the Wise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations%E2%80%93African_Union_Mission_in_Darfur" title="United Nations–African Union Mission in Darfur">UNAMID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Mission_in_Burundi" title="African Union Mission in Burundi">AMIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Mission_in_Sudan" title="African Union Mission in Sudan">AMIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Mission_to_Somalia" title="African Union Mission to Somalia">AMISOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MISCA" title="MISCA">MISCA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specialised agencies and institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa_Centres_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention">Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_African_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of the African Union">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Peer_Review_Mechanism" title="African Peer Review Mechanism">APRM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_African_Union" title="Foreign relations of the African Union">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Charter_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights">African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Commission_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights">African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_African_Union" title="Enlargement of the African Union">Enlargement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Africa_Command" title="United States Africa Command">United States Africa Command</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_military_bases" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States military bases">United States military bases</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_ambassadors_to_the_African_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States ambassadors to the African Union">United States ambassadors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations" title="African Union–Ethiopia relations">African Union–Ethiopia relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_the_African_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbols of the African Union">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Let_Us_All_Unite_and_Celebrate_Together" title="Let Us All Unite and Celebrate Together">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_the_African_Union" title="Emblem of the African Union">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_African_Union" title="Flag of the African Union">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Passport" title="African Union Passport">Passport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_African_Union" title="Economy of the African Union">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_central_banks_of_Africa" title="List of central banks of Africa">Currencies</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gold_standard#Advocates" title="Gold standard">Gold standard</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Development_Bank" title="African Development Bank">Development Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Economic_Community" title="African Economic Community">African Economic Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Partnership_for_Africa%27s_Development" title="New Partnership for Africa's Development">NEPAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Continental_Free_Trade_Area" title="African Continental Free Trade Area">African Continental Free Trade Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_African_Air_Transport_Market" title="Single African Air Transport Market">Single African Air Transport Market</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa_Day" title="Africa Day">Africa Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Border_Day" title="African Border Day">African Border Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Monetary_Union" title="African Monetary Union">Afro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Africa" title="United States of Africa">United States of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Latin_Africa" title="United States of Latin Africa">United States of Latin Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_Federation" title="East African Federation">East African Federation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:African_Union" title="Category:African Union">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:La_Francophonie" title="Template:La Francophonie"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:La_Francophonie" title="Template talk:La Francophonie"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:La_Francophonie" title="Special:EditPage/Template:La Francophonie"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie" title="Organisation internationale de la Francophonie">Organisation internationale de la Francophonie</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie" title="Member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">National/regional members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Community_of_Belgium" title="French Community of Belgium">French Community of Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Associate members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Suspended members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assembl%C3%A9e_parlementaire_de_la_Francophonie" title="Assemblée parlementaire de la Francophonie">Assemblée parlementaire de la Francophonie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agence_de_Coop%C3%A9ration_Culturelle_et_Technique" title="Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique">Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agence_universitaire_de_la_Francophonie" title="Agence universitaire de la Francophonie">Agence universitaire de la Francophonie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_French_Language_Day" title="UN French Language Day">UN French Language Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Francophonie_Day" title="International Francophonie Day">International Francophonie Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeux_de_la_Francophonie" title="Jeux de la Francophonie">Jeux de la Francophonie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prix_des_cinq_continents_de_la_francophonie" title="Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie">Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembl%C3%A9e_des_francophones_fonctionnaires_des_organisations_internationales" title="Assemblée des francophones fonctionnaires des organisations internationales">AFFOI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV5Monde" title="TV5Monde">TV5Monde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_La_Francophonie" title="LGBT rights in La Francophonie">LGBT rights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francophone_economy" title="Francophone economy">Francophone economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senghor_University" title="Senghor University">Senghor University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie" title="Category:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000122964845">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/169195040">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1208084/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJB8rmffVbMp8bK4b3cVmd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4265797-0">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80033810">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11990949j">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11990949j">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00576507">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Komory"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge129623&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX455658">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007561921205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/f8002d93-3b43-3bb7-84dd-4766ff7e5b3b">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/307942bb-40b3-4268-8c61-90ff6e84d892">KulturNav</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/mkz3PHmE">UK Parliament</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027982378">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10035679">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Comoros&params=12.3_S_43.7_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">12°18′S</span> <span class="longitude">43°42′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">12.3°S 43.7°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-12.3; 43.7</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Years_in_the_Comoros" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Years_in_the_Comoros" title="Template:Years in the Comoros"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Years_in_the_Comoros" title="Template talk:Years in the Comoros"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Years_in_the_Comoros" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Years in the Comoros"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Years_in_the_Comoros" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> Years in the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Comoros</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Comoros" title="History of the Comoros">History</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1960s_in_the_Comoros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1960s in the Comoros (page does not exist)">1960s</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s_in_the_Comoros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1970s in the Comoros (page does not exist)">1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1980s_in_the_Comoros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1980s in the Comoros (page does not exist)">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_the_Comoros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1990s in the Comoros (page does not exist)">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_in_the_Comoros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2000 in the Comoros (page does not exist)">2000</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2001_in_the_Comoros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2001 in the Comoros (page does not exist)">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2002_in_the_Comoros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2002 in the Comoros (page does not exist)">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2003_in_the_Comoros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2003 in the Comoros (page does not exist)">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2004_in_the_Comoros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2004 in the Comoros (page does not exist)">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2005_in_the_Comoros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2005 in the Comoros (page does not exist)">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2006_in_the_Comoros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2006 in the Comoros (page does not exist)">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2007_in_the_Comoros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2007 in the Comoros (page does not exist)">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_in_the_Comoros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2008 in the Comoros (page does not exist)">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2009_in_the_Comoros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2009 in the Comoros (page does not exist)">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2010_in_the_Comoros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2010 in the Comoros (page does not exist)">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2011_in_the_Comoros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2011 in the Comoros (page does not exist)">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_in_the_Comoros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2012 in the Comoros (page does not exist)">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2013_in_the_Comoros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2013 in the Comoros (page does not exist)">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_in_the_Comoros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2014 in the Comoros (page does not exist)">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_in_the_Comoros" title="2015 in the Comoros">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2016_in_the_Comoros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2016 in the Comoros (page does not exist)">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2017_in_the_Comoros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2017 in the Comoros (page does not exist)">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_in_the_Comoros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2018 in the Comoros (page does not exist)">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_the_Comoros" title="2019 in the Comoros">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_in_the_Comoros" title="2020 in the Comoros">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_in_the_Comoros" title="2021 in the Comoros">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_in_the_Comoros" title="2022 in the Comoros">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_in_the_Comoros" title="2023 in the Comoros">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_in_the_Comoros" title="2024 in the Comoros">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Comoros&oldid=1258908359">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Comoros&oldid=1258908359</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Comoros" title="Category:Comoros">Comoros</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Countries_in_Africa" title="Category:Countries in Africa">Countries in Africa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1975_establishments_in_Africa" title="Category:1975 establishments in Africa">1975 establishments in Africa</a></li><li><a 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