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朝鮮語 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
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class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-名稱" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#名稱"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>名稱</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-名稱-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关名稱子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-名稱-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-名稱的歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#名稱的歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>名稱的歷史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-名稱的歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-音韵结构" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#音韵结构"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>音韵结构</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-音韵结构-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关音韵结构子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-音韵结构-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-音素" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#音素"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>音素</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-音素-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-音韵变化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#音韵变化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>音韵变化</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-音韵变化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-连读现象" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#连读现象"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>连读现象</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-连读现象-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-鼻音化现象" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#鼻音化现象"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>鼻音化现象</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-鼻音化现象-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-有气音化现象" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#有气音化现象"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>有气音化现象</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-有气音化现象-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-浓音化现象" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#浓音化现象"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.4</span> <span>浓音化现象</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-浓音化现象-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-颚音化现象" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#颚音化现象"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.5</span> <span>颚音化现象</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-颚音化现象-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-元音和諧" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#元音和諧"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>元音和諧</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-元音和諧-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-流音现象与头音法则" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#流音现象与头音法则"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>流音现象与头音法则</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-流音现象与头音法则-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-語法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#語法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>語法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-語法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-词汇" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#词汇"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>词汇</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-词汇-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关词汇子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-词汇-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-固有词" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#固有词"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>固有词</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-固有词-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-汉字词" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#汉字词"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>汉字词</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-汉字词-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外来词" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外来词"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>外来词</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外来词-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-混種词" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#混種词"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>混種词</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-混種词-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文字" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文字"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>文字</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-文字-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关文字子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-文字-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-字母" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#字母"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>字母</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-字母-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-组字规则" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#组字规则"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>组字规则</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-组字规则-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-地理分布与方言" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#地理分布与方言"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>地理分布与方言</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-地理分布与方言-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-南北之间的语言差异" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#南北之间的语言差异"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>南北之间的语言差异</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-南北之间的语言差异-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关南北之间的语言差异子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-南北之间的语言差异-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-音韵与字母的差异" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#音韵与字母的差异"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>音韵与字母的差异</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-音韵与字母的差异-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-文字_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文字_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.1</span> <span>文字</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文字_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-字母名" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#字母名"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.2</span> <span>字母名</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-字母名-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-朝鮮民主主義人民共和國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#朝鮮民主主義人民共和國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.2.1</span> <span>朝鮮民主主義人民共和國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-朝鮮民主主義人民共和國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-大韓民國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#大韓民國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.2.2</span> <span>大韓民國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-大韓民國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-字母表" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#字母表"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.3</span> <span>字母表</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-字母表-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-子音" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#子音"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.3.1</span> <span>子音</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-子音-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-母音" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#母音"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.3.2</span> <span>母音</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-母音-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-词汇与文法的差异" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#词汇与文法的差异"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>词汇与文法的差异</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-词汇与文法的差异-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-用詞差異" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#用詞差異"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.1</span> <span>用詞差異</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-用詞差異-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-漢字詞使用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#漢字詞使用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.2</span> <span>漢字詞使用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-漢字詞使用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外來語使用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外來語使用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.3</span> <span>外來語使用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外來語使用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-受政治影響的詞彙" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#受政治影響的詞彙"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.4</span> <span>受政治影響的詞彙</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-受政治影響的詞彙-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.5</span> <span>文法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-韓語的系属分類及各種假說" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#韓語的系属分類及各種假說"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>韓語的系属分類及各種假說</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-韓語的系属分類及各種假說-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关韓語的系属分類及各種假說子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-韓語的系属分類及各種假說-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-阿爾泰超语系假說" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#阿爾泰超语系假說"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>阿爾泰超语系假說</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-阿爾泰超语系假說-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-古西伯利亞語言假說" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#古西伯利亞語言假說"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>古西伯利亞語言假說</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-古西伯利亞語言假說-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-達羅毗荼-韓語系假說" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#達羅毗荼-韓語系假說"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>達羅毗荼-韓語系假說</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-達羅毗荼-韓語系假說-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-人稱代詞" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#人稱代詞"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3.1</span> <span>人稱代詞</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-人稱代詞-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-親屬稱謂" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#親屬稱謂"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3.2</span> <span>親屬稱謂</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-親屬稱謂-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3.3</span> <span>其他</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-其他-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-南島-朝鮮語系假說" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#南島-朝鮮語系假說"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>南島-朝鮮語系假說</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-南島-朝鮮語系假說-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-註釋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#註釋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>註釋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-註釋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">朝鮮語</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。176种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-176" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">176种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Акореиа бызшәа – 阿布哈西亚语" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Акореиа бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="阿布哈西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreaans" title="Koreaans – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Koreaans" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreanische_Sprache" title="Koreanische Sprache – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Koreanische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AE%E1%88%AA%E1%8B%AD%E1%8A%9B" title="ኮሪይኛ – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኮሪይኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_coreano" title="Idioma coreano – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma coreano" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="कोरियाई भाषा – 昂加语" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="कोरियाई भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="昂加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة الكورية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة الكورية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%87_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%89" title="لغه كورى – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لغه كورى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="কোৰীয় ভাষা – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কোৰীয় ভাষা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_coreanu" title="Idioma coreanu – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma coreanu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="कोरियाई भाषा – 阿瓦德语" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="कोरियाई भाषा" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="阿瓦德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreya_dili" title="Koreya dili – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Koreya dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="کوره دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کوره دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Корей теле – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Корей теле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Kor%C3%A9a" title="Basa Koréa – 巴厘语" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Basa Koréa" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="巴厘语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuoriej%C4%97itiu_kalba" title="Kuoriejėitiu kalba – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kuoriejėitiu kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tataramon_na_Koreano" title="Tataramon na Koreano – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tataramon na Koreano" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Карэйская мова – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Карэйская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Карэйская мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Карэйская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Корейски език – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Корейски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="কোরীয় ভাষা – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কোরীয় ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreaneg" title="Koreaneg – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Koreaneg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korejski_jezik" title="Korejski jezik – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Korejski jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Солонгос хэлэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Солонгос хэлэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core%C3%A0" title="Coreà – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Coreà" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0ng-gu%C3%B3k-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Hàng-guók-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Hàng-guók-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Корейхойн мотт – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Корейхойн мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinoreano" title="Kinoreano – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kinoreano" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%AA%E1%8E%B5%E1%8E%A5" title="ᎪᎵᎥ – 切罗基语" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎪᎵᎥ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="切罗基语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="زمانی کۆری – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی کۆری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kore_tili" title="Kore tili – 克里米亚鞑靼语" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Kore tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亚鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korej%C5%A1tina" title="Korejština – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Korejština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B2reja%C5%84sczi_j%C3%A3z%C3%ABk" title="Kòrejańsczi jãzëk – 卡舒比语" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Kòrejańsczi jãzëk" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="卡舒比语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coreeg" title="Coreeg – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Coreeg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreansk_(sprog)" title="Koreansk (sprog) – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Koreansk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreanische_Sprache" title="Koreanische Sprache – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Koreanische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%86%DE%AE%DE%83%DE%AC%DE%94%DE%A7_%DE%84%DE%A6%DE%90%DE%B0" title="ކޮރެޔާ ބަސް – 迪维希语" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ކޮރެޔާ ބަސް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="迪维希语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Κορεατική γλώσσα – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κορεατική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Korean language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_lingvo" title="Korea lingvo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Korea lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_coreano" title="Idioma coreano – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma coreano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_keel" title="Korea keel – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Korea keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreera" title="Koreera – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Koreera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luenga_coreana" title="Luenga coreana – 埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Luenga coreana" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="زبان کرهای – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان کرهای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_kieli" title="Korean kieli – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Korean kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_kiil" title="Korea kiil – 佛羅文" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Korea kiil" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="佛羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreanskt_m%C3%A1l" title="Koreanskt mál – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Koreanskt mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cor%C3%A9en" title="Coréen – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Coréen" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreaans_spriak" title="Koreaans spriak – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Koreaans spriak" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreaansk" title="Koreaansk – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Koreaansk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Ch%C3%B3ir%C3%A9is" title="An Chóiréis – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Chóiréis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%A9%B1" title="朝鮮話 – 赣语" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="朝鮮話" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="赣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_coreana" title="Lingua coreana – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua coreana" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BD" title="Koreañe'ẽ – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Koreañe'ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreeish" title="Koreeish – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Koreeish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B2n-koet-ng%C3%AE" title="Hòn-koet-ngî – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Hòn-koet-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="קוריאנית – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קוריאנית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="कोरियाई भाषा – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कोरियाई भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_bhasa" title="Korean bhasa – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Korean bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korejski_jezik" title="Korejski jezik – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Korejski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korej%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Korejšćina – 上索布语" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Korejšćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="上索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lang_kore" title="Lang kore – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lang kore" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreai_nyelv" title="Koreai nyelv – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Koreai nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Կորեերեն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կորեերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_corean" title="Lingua corean – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua corean" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaku_Korea" title="Jaku Korea – 伊班语" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jaku Korea" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="伊班语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Korea" title="Bahasa Korea – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Korea" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Koreano" title="Pagsasao a Koreano – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Koreano" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreana_linguo" title="Koreana linguo – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Koreana linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3reska" title="Kóreska – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kóreska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_coreana" title="Lingua coreana – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua coreana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%91%AF%E1%95%86%E1%90%8A%E1%91%8E%E1%91%90%E1%91%A6" title="ᑯᕆᐊᑎᑐᑦ – 因纽特语" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᑯᕆᐊᑎᑐᑦ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="因纽特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E" title="朝鮮語 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="朝鮮語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Kor%C3%A9a" title="Basa Koréa – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Koréa" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="კორეული ენა – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კორეული ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreys_tili" title="Koreys tili – 卡拉卡尔帕克语" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Koreys tili" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="卡拉卡尔帕克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koorey%C9%9B_k%CA%8An%CA%8A%C5%8B" title="Kooreyɛ kʊnʊŋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kooreyɛ kʊnʊŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Korea" title="Bahasa Korea – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Korea" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Корей тілі – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Корей тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9F%81" title="ភាសាកូរ៉េ – 高棉语" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភាសាកូរ៉េ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%86" title="ಕೊರಿಯಾದ ಭಾಷೆ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕೊರಿಯಾದ ಭಾಷೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" title="한국어 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="한국어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%B2%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کوریٲیی زبان – 克什米尔语" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="کوریٲیی زبان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="克什米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_kor%C3%AAy%C3%AE" title="Zimanê korêyî – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê korêyî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Корея кыв – 科米语" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Корея кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="科米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreek" title="Koreek – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Koreek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Корей тили – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Корей тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Coreana" title="Lingua Coreana – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Coreana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D1%87%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Корей чӀал – 列兹金语" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Корей чӀал" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="列兹金语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corean_(lingua)" title="Corean (lingua) – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Corean (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreaans" title="Koreaans – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Koreaans" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%B5" title="ພາສາເກົາຫຼີ – 老挝语" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພາສາເກົາຫຼີ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="老挝语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kor%C4%97jie%C4%8Di%C5%B3_kalba" title="Korėjiečių kalba – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Korėjiečių kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korejie%C5%A1u_valoda" title="Korejiešu valoda – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Korejiešu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_k%C3%B4reanina" title="Fiteny kôreanina – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny kôreanina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Корей йылме – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Корей йылме" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_K%C5%8Drea" title="Reo Kōrea – 毛利语" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Reo Kōrea" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="毛利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahaso_Korea" title="Bahaso Korea – 米南佳保语" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bahaso Korea" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="米南佳保语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Корејски јазик – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Корејски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="കൊറിയൻ ഭാഷ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കൊറിയൻ ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Солонгос хэл – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Солонгос хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯀꯣꯔꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ – 曼尼普尔语" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯀꯣꯔꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="曼尼普尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="कोरियन भाषा – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कोरियन भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Korea" title="Bahasa Korea – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Korea" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ကိုရီးယားဘာသာစကား – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကိုရီးယားဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Кореянь кель – 厄尔兹亚语" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Кореянь кель" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="厄尔兹亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="کرهای – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کرهای" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_coreana" title="Lengua coreana – 那不勒斯语" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Lengua coreana" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="那不勒斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreaansche_Spraak" title="Koreaansche Spraak – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Koreaansche Spraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="कोरियाली भाषा – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कोरियाली भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="कोरियन भाषा – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="कोरियन भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreaans" title="Koreaans – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Koreaans" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreansk" title="Koreansk – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Koreansk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreansk" title="Koreansk – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Koreansk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corean" title="Corean – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Corean" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Корейаг æвзаг – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Корейаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਕੋਰੀਅਨ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੋਰੀਅਨ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanung_Koreanu" title="Amanung Koreanu – 邦板牙语" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Amanung Koreanu" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="邦板牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_korea%C5%84ski" title="Język koreański – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język koreański" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_corean" title="Lenga corean – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga corean" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="کوریائی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کوریائی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="کوريايي ژبه – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کوريايي ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_coreana" title="Língua coreana – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua coreana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuryu_simi" title="Kuryu simi – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kuryu simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_coreean%C4%83" title="Limba coreeană – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba coreeană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Корейский язык – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Корейский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Корейскый язык – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Корейскый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="कोरियालिभाषा – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="कोरियालिभाषा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8D%D0%B9_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Кэриэй тыла – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кэриэй тыла" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱠᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – 桑塔利语" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_coreana" title="Limba coreana – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba coreana" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_leid" title="Korean leid – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Korean leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreagiella" title="Koreagiella – 北方萨米语" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Koreagiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="北方萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korejski_jezik" title="Korejski jezik – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Korejski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="කොරියානු භාෂාව – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කොරියානු භාෂාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Korean language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3rej%C4%8Dina" title="Kórejčina – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kórejčina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korej%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Korejščina – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Korejščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa%CA%BBa_Kolea" title="Faʻa Kolea – 萨摩亚语" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Faʻa Kolea" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="萨摩亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chikoriya" title="Chikoriya – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chikoriya" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_koreane" title="Gjuha koreane – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha koreane" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Корејски језик – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Корејски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Kor%C3%A9a" title="Basa Koréa – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Basa Koréa" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreanska" title="Koreanska – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Koreanska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kikorea" title="Kikorea – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kikorea" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koryja%C5%84sk%C5%8F_g%C5%8Fdka" title="Koryjańskŏ gŏdka – 西里西亚语" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Koryjańskŏ gŏdka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="கொரிய மொழி – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கொரிய மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7" title="కొరియన్ భాష – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కొరియన్ భాష" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%91%D3%A3" title="Забони куриёӣ – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони куриёӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5" title="ภาษาเกาหลี – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาเกาหลี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kore%C3%BD_dili" title="Koreý dili – 土库曼语" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Koreý dili" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土库曼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Koreano" title="Wikang Koreano – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Koreano" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korej%C9%99_zyvon" title="Korejə zyvon – 塔里什文" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Korejə zyvon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="塔里什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tok_Koria" title="Tok Koria – 托克皮辛语" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Tok Koria" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="托克皮辛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korece" title="Korece – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Korece" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kari_Han-guk" title="Kari Han-guk – 赛德克语" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Kari Han-guk" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="赛德克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Корей теле – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Корей теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Көрей дыл – 图瓦语" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Көрей дыл" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="图瓦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Корей кыл – 乌德穆尔特语" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Корей кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="乌德穆尔特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95%DA%86%DB%95" title="كورىيەچە – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كورىيەچە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Корейська мова – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Корейська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کوریائی زبان – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کوریائی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreys_tili" title="Koreys tili – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Koreys tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korejan_kel%27" title="Korejan kel' – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Korejan kel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_H%C3%A0n_Qu%E1%BB%91c" title="Tiếng Hàn Quốc – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Hàn Quốc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korey%C3%A4nap%C3%BCk" title="Koreyänapük – 沃拉普克语" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Koreyänapük" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="沃拉普克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cor%C3%AAyin" title="Corêyin – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Corêyin" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinoreano_nga_pinulongan" title="Kinoreano nga pinulongan – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kinoreano nga pinulongan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E8%AF%AD" title="韩语 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="韩语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="კორეული ნინა – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კორეული ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A9" title="קארעיש – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קארעיש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%9C_%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%BD%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ – 标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E" title="朝鮮語 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="朝鮮語" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A2n-kok-g%C3%AD" title="Hân-kok-gí – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hân-kok-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E6%96%87" title="韓文 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="韓文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9176#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84078810">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="color: black; background-color: #dddddd;">韩国语/朝鲜语</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold; color: black; background-color: #dddddd;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span><span title="諺文表記"><span lang="ko">한국어</span></span><small>/</small><span title="漢字(諺漢混用)表記"><span lang="ko">韓國語</span></span></span> <small>(<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="韓國標準語">韓國語</a>)</small><br /><span><span title="諺文表記"><span lang="ko">조선말</span></span><small>/</small><span title="漢字(諺漢混用)表記"><span lang="ko">朝鮮말</span></span></span> <small>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E8%AA%9E" title="文化語">朝鮮語</a>)</small></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hangugeo-Chosonmal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Hangugeo-Chosonmal.svg/170px-Hangugeo-Chosonmal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Hangugeo-Chosonmal.svg/255px-Hangugeo-Chosonmal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Hangugeo-Chosonmal.svg/340px-Hangugeo-Chosonmal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="263" data-file-height="371" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">大韓民國標準語和朝鮮民主主義人民共和國文化語</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">发音</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209503">.mw-parser-output .IPA{font-family:"Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Linux Libertine","Segoe UI","Lucida Sans Unicode","Code2000","Gentium","Gentium Alternative","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Arial Unicode MS","IPAPANNEW","Chrysanthi Unicode","GentiumAlt","Bitstream Vera","Bitstream Cyberbit","Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro","Lucida Grande",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA a:visited{text-decoration:none!important}</style><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><small></small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E9%9F%93%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="Help:韓語國際音標">[tso.sɔn.mal]</a></span> <small>(朝鲜语)</small><br /><small></small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E9%9F%93%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="Help:韓語國際音標">[ha(ː)n.ɡu.ɡʌ]</a></span> <small>(韩国语)</small></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">母语国家和地区</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="朝鲜半岛">朝鲜半岛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="中国">中国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%AC%E8%81%94%E4%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="独联体">独联体</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">母语使用人数</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">7,800万 (2016)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%B3%BB%E5%B1%9E%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="语言系属分类">語系</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A4%E7%AB%8B%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="孤立語言">孤立語言</a><sup id="cite_ref-google15_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google15-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-#1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-#2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-#3_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-#4_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-#5_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#5-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>或<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="朝鲜语系">朝鲜语系</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="文字">文字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BA%E6%96%87" title="諺文">諺文</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #dddddd;;">官方地位</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="官方语言">作为官方语言</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%A9%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="大韩民国">大韓民國</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/22px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/33px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/44px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国">朝鮮民主主義人民共和國</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%B6%E9%82%8A%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="延邊朝鮮族自治州">延邊朝鮮族自治州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%B1%E5%B8%82_(%E5%90%89%E6%9E%97%E7%9C%81)" title="白山市 (吉林省)">白山市</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E7%99%BD%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="長白朝鮮族自治縣">長白朝鮮族自治縣</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">承认少数语言</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a>其它地区<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_CIS.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_CIS.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_CIS.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_CIS.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_CIS.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_CIS.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E9%AB%94" title="獨立國家聯合體">獨立國家聯合體</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">管理机构</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%A9%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="大韩民国"><img alt="大韩民国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E7%AB%8B%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%9E%E9%99%A2" title="國立國語院">国立国语院</a><br />(<span lang="ko">국립국어원 / 國立國語院</span>)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国"><img alt="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/22px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/33px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/44px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2" title="朝鮮社會科學院">朝鮮社會科學院</a>语学研究所<br />(<span lang="ko">사회과학원 어학연구소 / 社會科學院 語學研究所</span>)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" title="中国"><img alt="中国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> 中國朝鮮語規範委員會<br />(<span lang="ko">중국조선어규범위원회</span>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #dddddd;;">語言代碼</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?iso_639_1=ko">ko</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/kor" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:kor">kor</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">分別為:<br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/kor" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:kor">kor</a></code> – 韓語<br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/oko" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:oko">oko</a></code> – 古朝鮮語<br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/okm" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:okm">okm</a></code> – 中期朝鮮語</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Idioma_coreano.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Idioma_coreano.png/330px-Idioma_coreano.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="346" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Idioma_coreano.png 1.5x" data-file-width="418" data-file-height="438" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;">官方語言為朝鮮語的國家和地區(深藍色)<br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%97%8F" title="中國朝鮮族">中國朝鮮族</a>使用的少數民族語言(淺藍色)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Korean_language.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Map_of_Korean_language.png/330px-Map_of_Korean_language.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Map_of_Korean_language.png/495px-Map_of_Korean_language.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Map_of_Korean_language.png/660px-Map_of_Korean_language.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;">朝鮮語世界分佈的圖</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>朝鲜语</b>(<span>朝鲜语:<span title="諺文表記"><span lang="ko">조선말</span></span><small>/</small><span title="漢字(諺漢混用)表記"><span lang="ko">朝鮮말</span></span><sup> <i><span title="羅馬字表記" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none" lang="ko-Latn">chosŏnmal</span></i> </sup></span>或<span><span title="諺文表記"><span lang="ko">조선어</span></span><small>/</small><span title="漢字(諺漢混用)表記"><span lang="ko">朝鮮語</span></span><sup> <i><span title="羅馬字表記" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none" lang="ko-Latn">chosŏnŏ</span></i> <a href="/wiki/Help:%E9%9F%93%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:韓語"><span style="font-size:85%; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none;">?</span></a></sup></span>),又称<b>韩国语</b>或<b>韩语</b>(<span>韩语:<span title="諺文表記"><span lang="ko">한국어</span></span><small>/</small><span title="漢字(諺漢混用)表記"><span lang="ko">韓國語</span></span><sup> <i><span title="羅馬字表記" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none" lang="ko-Latn">hangugeo</span></i> </sup></span>或<span><span title="諺文表記"><span lang="ko">한국말</span></span><small>/</small><span title="漢字(諺漢混用)表記"><span lang="ko">韓國말</span></span><sup> <i><span title="羅馬字表記" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none" lang="ko-Latn">hangungmal</span></i> <a href="/wiki/Help:%E9%9F%93%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:韓語"><span style="font-size:85%; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none;">?</span></a></sup></span>)是<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国">朝鲜民主主义人民共和国</a>(朝鲜)和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%A9%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="大韩民国">大韩民国</a>(韩国)的官方语言,通行於<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="朝鲜半岛">朝鲜半岛</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中国</a>、美国、日本、俄罗斯等地<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="朝鲜民族">朝鲜民族</a>(韓民族)聚居地區。韩语在全球有约8,000万使用者,是世界第22大语言<sup id="cite_ref-kui_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kui-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。随着韓國在国际社会政治、经济地位的不断提高,学习韩语的人数也不断增长,目前许多国家的<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E4%B8%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="高中">高中</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="大学">大学</a>都教授韩语。在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="澳洲">澳洲</a>等地,大学入学考试的外語科目中可以選擇韩语應考<sup id="cite_ref-kui_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kui-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>朝韩之间本使用同样的语言,但是在朝鲜半岛分裂后出现严重的语言障碍。据<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="韩国政府">韩国政府</a>进行的调查结果显示,40%以上的<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%B1%E5%8C%97%E8%80%85" class="mw-redirect" title="脱北者">脱北</a>朝鲜居民表示在韩国沟通时因听不懂<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E6%9D%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="外来语">外来语</a>而遭遇困难。朝韩双方使用的日常用语约34%不同,专用词汇等术语有约64%不同。因此,朝鲜民主主义人民共和国和大韩民国为消除日趋严重的语言障碍而从2005年开始共同编撰名为《民族语大辞典》(민족어대사전)的统合国语辞典。据悉,《民族语大辞典》朝韩共同编纂工作已取得80%的进展<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="名稱"><span id=".E5.90.8D.E7.A8.B1"></span>名稱</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节:名稱"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國">朝鮮民主主義人民共和國</a>使用的名稱是“朝鮮話”(<span><span title="諺文表記"><span lang="ko">조선말</span></span><small>/</small><span title="漢字(諺漢混用)表記"><span lang="ko">朝鮮말</span></span></span>)。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a>对<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%97%8F" title="中國朝鮮族">中國朝鮮族</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國">朝鮮民主主義人民共和國</a>使用的名稱是“朝鲜语”<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,对<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%93%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="大韓民國">大韓民國</a>使用的名称是“韩国语”<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%93%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="大韓民國">大韓民國</a>,這個語言的名稱是“<span><span title="諺文表記"><span lang="ko">한국어</span></span><small>/</small><span title="漢字(諺漢混用)表記"><span lang="ko">韓國語</span></span></span>”。在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86" title="中国大陆">中国大陆</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>的名稱是“韓語”或“朝鮮語”。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="台湾">台湾</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80" title="澳門">澳門</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,則通稱為“韓語”。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="日本国">日本</a>民間的名稱是“<span title="漢字或假名表記(原文)"><span lang="ja">韓国語</span></span><small>/</small><span title="全假名表記"><span lang="ja">かんこくご</span></span><sup></sup>”<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="中華人民共和國">中華人民共和國</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,學術上的名稱是“朝鮮語”。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="名稱的歷史"><span id=".E5.90.8D.E7.A8.B1.E7.9A.84.E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>名稱的歷史</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节:名稱的歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>歷史上,该语言在1392年以前隨朝鮮半島上的<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%BA%97%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="高麗王朝">高麗王朝</a>被称为「<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E4%B8%BD%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-disambig" title="高丽语">高丽语</a>」,直至1392年<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%88%90%E6%A1%82" title="李成桂">李成桂</a>建立「<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="朝鲜王朝">朝鲜王朝</a>」之后,其即改称「朝鲜语」。1897年,朝鮮高宗<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E9%AB%98%E5%AE%97" title="朝鮮高宗">李熙</a>称帝並改国号为「<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%A9%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="大韩帝国">大韩帝国</a>」,因此這语言又改称「韩国语」或「韩语」。<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98" title="第二次世界大战">二战</a>后,朝鮮半島南北分治,兩方各按照自己的國名來命名該語言,北部的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國">朝鮮民主主義人民共和國</a>称之为「朝鲜语」,而南部的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%A9%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="大韩民国">大韩民国</a>称之为「韩国语」。而<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E9%81%A0%E6%9D%B1%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" title="俄羅斯遠東地區">俄羅斯遠東地區</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="中亞">中亞</a>的朝鮮人之間則稱之為「<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%BA%97%E8%AA%9E_(%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF)" title="高麗語 (蘇聯)">高麗語</a>」[고려말(<span class="Unicode">Goryeomal</span>)、<span lang="ru">Корё мар</span>]——但此處的「高麗語」與朝鮮半島的語言存在一定差異。 </p><p>在中國,1897年<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%A9%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="大韩帝国">大韩帝国</a>成立以前,該語言只稱為「朝鮮語」或「朝语」。<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="中華人民共和國">中華人民共和國</a>于1949年建国以后,視同屬社会主義陣营的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國">朝鮮民主主義人民共和國</a>為整個朝鮮半島的唯一合法政府。因此將中国国内及朝鲜半岛所有關於<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="朝鲜民族">朝鲜民族</a>文化和國家的字詞均以「朝鲜」称呼,該語言也因而继续稱為「朝鲜语」。但是,<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中華人民共和國</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%93%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="大韓民國">大韓民國</a><a href="/wiki/1992%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%AD%E9%9F%A9%E5%BB%BA%E4%BA%A4" title="1992年中韩建交">在1992年建立邦交</a>後,與韓国的直接文化和經濟交流迅速發展,韓国資本大量流入中國,再加上<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E6%B5%81" title="韓流">韓流</a>的影響力,<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E" title="中國朝鮮語">中國本土的朝鮮語</a>受到了<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="韓國標準語">韓國標準語</a>極大的影響。之後,該語言的課本、辞典等幾乎都以「韩国语」的名稱發行,而且內容以<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="韓國標準語">韓國標準語</a>的詞彙為主。因此,現在「韩语」和「韩国语」的稱呼在中國更加普遍<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。雖然中国公立大学的外语學系大多依舊以“朝鲜语”作为該語言的正式称呼,但是幾乎所有教材以及授課内容都以“韩国语”为标准<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。中國出版的教材幾乎基本上使用“韓(国)語”的称谓,只有专门關於中国朝鲜族的教材才使用“朝鲜语”的表述<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88" title="漢字文化圈">漢字文化圈</a>国家也存在類似的名稱問題,使「朝鲜语」和「韩國语」的说法并存。在日本,為了表示中立,亦有人也使用「<span lang="ja">コリア語</span>」(<span title="漢字或假名表記(原文)"><span lang="ja">コリア</span></span><sup> <i><span title="羅馬字表記" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none" lang="ja-Latn">koria</span></i></sup>為英文「Korea」的音譯)、「高麗語」和「韓国・朝鮮語」等稱謂,以及使用其书写系统諺文一词的音譯「<span lang="ja">ハングル</span>」以回避語言名稱<sup id="cite_ref-uchiyama_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uchiyama-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="音韵结构"><span id=".E9.9F.B3.E9.9F.B5.E7.BB.93.E6.9E.84"></span>音韵结构</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节:音韵结构"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>韓語沒有<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="漢語">漢語</a>那樣的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E8%B0%83" class="mw-redirect" title="声调">声调</a>(tone),也沒有英語那樣的重音(stress),也沒有日語那樣的詞調(accent),但韓語音韵多变。然而,根據<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%80%AB%E5%A4%9A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="多倫多大學">多倫多大學</a>語言學教授姜潤貞(音譯)和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%81%E8%8D%B7%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="仁荷大學">仁荷大學</a>韓國語文及文學系教授韓成愚於2013年發表的一份研究,在近年韓語<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E5%B0%94%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="首尔方言">首尔方言</a>中,<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%BA%E9%9F%B3%E4%B8%8E%E5%BC%B1%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="强音与弱音(页面不存在)">弱音</a>(ㅂㅈㄷㄱ)、<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%81%E6%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="送气">送气</a>音(ㅍㅊㅌㅋ)和强音(ㅃㅉㄸㄲ)之间的对立正从发音起始时间转变为音高变化,表明现代首尔方言正在产生声调。<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="音素"><span id=".E9.9F.B3.E7.B4.A0"></span>音素</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节:音素"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="韓語音系">韓语音系</a></div> 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%AB%BA%E6%96%87" title="Template:諺文"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E8%AB%BA%E6%96%87" title="Template talk:諺文"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E8%AB%BA%E6%96%87" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:諺文"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="諺文字母" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BA%E6%96%87" title="諺文">諺文</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E8%AF%AD%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="韩语字母">字母</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BA%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="諺文字母列表">諺文字母列表</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BA%E6%96%87" title="諺文">諺文</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">基本字母</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">輔音</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E3%84%B1" title="ㄱ">ㄱ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%84%B4" title="ㄴ">ㄴ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%84%B7" title="ㄷ">ㄷ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%84%B9" title="ㄹ">ㄹ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%85%81" title="ㅁ">ㅁ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%85%82" title="ㅂ">ㅂ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%85%85" title="ㅅ">ㅅ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%85%87" title="ㅇ">ㅇ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%85%88" title="ㅈ">ㅈ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%85%8A" title="ㅊ">ㅊ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%85%8B" title="ㅋ">ㅋ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%85%8C" title="ㅌ">ㅌ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%85%8D" title="ㅍ">ㅍ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%85%8E" title="ㅎ">ㅎ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">元音</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E3%85%8F" title="ㅏ">ㅏ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%85%91" title="ㅑ">ㅑ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%85%93" title="ㅓ">ㅓ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%85%95" title="ㅕ">ㅕ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%85%97" title="ㅗ">ㅗ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%85%9B" title="ㅛ">ㅛ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%85%9C" title="ㅜ">ㅜ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%85%A0" title="ㅠ">ㅠ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%85%A1" title="ㅡ">ㅡ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%85%A3" title="ㅣ">ㅣ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">舊輔音</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E3%85%BF" title="ㅿ">ㅿ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%86%81" title="ㆁ">ㆁ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%86%86" title="ㆆ">ㆆ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%84%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᄼ(页面不存在)">ᄼ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%84%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᄾ(页面不存在)">ᄾ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%85%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᅎ(页面不存在)">ᅎ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%85%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᅐ(页面不存在)">ᅐ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%85%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᅔ(页面不存在)">ᅔ</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ᅕ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ᅕ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%85%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᅕ(页面不存在)">ᅕ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%85%95" class="extiw" title="ko:ᅕ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ᅕ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">舊元音</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="仍用於濟州語" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">仍用於<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%9F%E5%B7%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="濟州語">濟州語</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E3%86%8D" title="ㆍ">ㆍ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">複合字母</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">輔音</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E3%84%B2" title="ㄲ">ㄲ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%84%B3" title="ㄳ">ㄳ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%84%B5" title="ㄵ">ㄵ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%84%B6" title="ㄶ">ㄶ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%84%B8" title="ㄸ">ㄸ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%84%BA" title="ㄺ">ㄺ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%84%BB" title="ㄻ">ㄻ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%84%BC" title="ㄼ">ㄼ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%84%BD" title="ㄽ">ㄽ</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ㄾ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ㄾ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%84%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ㄾ(页面不存在)">ㄾ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%84%BE" class="extiw" title="ko:ㄾ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ㄾ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ㄿ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ㄿ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%84%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ㄿ(页面不存在)">ㄿ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%84%BF" class="extiw" title="ko:ㄿ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ㄿ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ㅀ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ㅀ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%85%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ㅀ(页面不存在)">ㅀ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%85%80" class="extiw" title="ko:ㅀ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ㅀ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%85%83" title="ㅃ">ㅃ</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ㅄ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ㅄ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%85%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ㅄ(页面不存在)">ㅄ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%85%84" class="extiw" title="ko:ㅄ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ㅄ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%85%86" title="ㅆ">ㅆ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%85%89" title="ㅉ">ㅉ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">元音</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E3%85%90" title="ㅐ">ㅐ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%85%92" title="ㅒ">ㅒ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%85%94" title="ㅔ">ㅔ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%85%96" title="ㅖ">ㅖ</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ㅘ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ㅘ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%85%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ㅘ(页面不存在)">ㅘ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%85%98" class="extiw" title="ko:ㅘ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ㅘ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ㅙ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ㅙ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%85%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ㅙ(页面不存在)">ㅙ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%85%99" class="extiw" title="ko:ㅙ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ㅙ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ㅚ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ㅚ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%85%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ㅚ(页面不存在)">ㅚ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%85%9A" class="extiw" title="ko:ㅚ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ㅚ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ㅝ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ㅝ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%85%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ㅝ(页面不存在)">ㅝ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%85%9D" class="extiw" title="ko:ㅝ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ㅝ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ㅞ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ㅞ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%85%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ㅞ(页面不存在)">ㅞ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%85%9E" class="extiw" title="ko:ㅞ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ㅞ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ㅟ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ㅟ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%85%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ㅟ(页面不存在)">ㅟ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%85%9F" class="extiw" title="ko:ㅟ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ㅟ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%85%A2" title="ㅢ">ㅢ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">舊輔音</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ᇺ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ᇺ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%87%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᇺ(页面不存在)">ᇺ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%87%BA" class="extiw" title="ko:ᇺ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ᇺ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ᅚ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ᅚ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%85%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᅚ(页面不存在)">ᅚ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%85%9A" class="extiw" title="ko:ᅚ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ᅚ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ᇃ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ᇃ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%87%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᇃ(页面不存在)">ᇃ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%87%83" class="extiw" title="ko:ᇃ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ᇃ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ᇻ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ᇻ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%87%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᇻ(页面不存在)">ᇻ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%87%BB" class="extiw" title="ko:ᇻ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ᇻ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ᇄ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ᇄ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%87%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᇄ(页面不存在)">ᇄ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%87%84" class="extiw" title="ko:ᇄ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ᇄ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ᇼ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ᇼ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%87%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᇼ(页面不存在)">ᇼ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%87%BC" class="extiw" title="ko:ᇼ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ᇼ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ᇽ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ᇽ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%87%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᇽ(页面不存在)">ᇽ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%87%BD" class="extiw" title="ko:ᇽ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ᇽ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ᇾ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ᇾ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%87%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᇾ(页面不存在)">ᇾ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%87%BE" class="extiw" title="ko:ᇾ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ᇾ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ᄓ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ᄓ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%84%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᄓ(页面不存在)">ᄓ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%84%93" class="extiw" title="ko:ᄓ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ᄓ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ㅥ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ㅥ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%85%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ㅥ(页面不存在)">ㅥ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%85%A5" class="extiw" title="ko:ㅥ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ㅥ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ㅦ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ㅦ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%85%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ㅦ(页面不存在)">ㅦ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%85%A6" class="extiw" title="ko:ㅦ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ㅦ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9F%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ퟋ(页面不存在)">ퟋ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%84%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᄖ(页面不存在)">ᄖ</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ㅧ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ㅧ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%85%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ㅧ(页面不存在)">ㅧ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%85%A7" class="extiw" title="ko:ㅧ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ㅧ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%85%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ㅨ(页面不存在)">ㅨ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9F%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ퟌ(页面不存在)">ퟌ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%87%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᇉ(页面不存在)">ᇉ</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ᄗ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ᄗ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%84%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᄗ(页面不存在)">ᄗ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%84%97" class="extiw" title="ko:ᄗ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ᄗ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9F%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ퟎ(页面不存在)">ퟎ</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ᇋ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ᇋ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%87%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᇋ(页面不存在)">ᇋ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%87%8B" class="extiw" title="ko:ᇋ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ᇋ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%A5%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ꥠ(页面不存在)">ꥠ</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ꥡ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ꥡ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%A5%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ꥡ(页面不存在)">ꥡ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%A5%A1" class="extiw" title="ko:ꥡ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ꥡ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ꥢ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ꥢ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%A5%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ꥢ(页面不存在)">ꥢ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%A5%A2" class="extiw" title="ko:ꥢ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ꥢ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ퟑ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ퟑ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9F%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ퟑ(页面不存在)">ퟑ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9F%91" class="extiw" title="ko:ퟑ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ퟑ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%A5%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ꥣ(页面不存在)">ꥣ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9F%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ퟓ(页面不存在)">ퟓ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9F%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ퟔ(页面不存在)">ퟔ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%A5%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ꥥ(页面不存在)">ꥥ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%85%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ㅩ(页面不存在)">ㅩ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9F%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ퟖ(页面不存在)">ퟖ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%84%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᄘ(页面不存在)">ᄘ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%85%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ㅪ(页面不存在)">ㅪ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%A5%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ꥧ(页面不存在)">ꥧ</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ᇏ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ᇏ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%87%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᇏ(页面不存在)">ᇏ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%87%8F" class="extiw" title="ko:ᇏ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ᇏ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ᄙ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ᄙ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%84%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᄙ(页面不存在)">ᄙ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%84%99" class="extiw" title="ko:ᄙ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ᄙ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ퟗ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ퟗ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9F%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ퟗ(页面不存在)">ퟗ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9F%97" class="extiw" title="ko:ퟗ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ퟗ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%87%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᇑ(页面不存在)">ᇑ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%87%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᇒ(页面不存在)">ᇒ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9F%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ퟘ(页面不存在)">ퟘ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9F%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ퟙ(页面不存在)">ퟙ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%A5%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ꥪ(页面不存在)">ꥪ</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ㅫ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ㅫ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%85%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ㅫ(页面不存在)">ㅫ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%85%AB" class="extiw" title="ko:ㅫ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ㅫ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9F%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ퟚ(页面不存在)">ퟚ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%87%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᇔ(页面不存在)">ᇔ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%87%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᇕ(页面不存在)">ᇕ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%87%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᇖ(页面不存在)">ᇖ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%85%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ㅬ(页面不存在)">ㅬ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9F%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ퟛ(页面不存在)">ퟛ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%A5%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ꥭ(页面不存在)">ꥭ</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ᇘ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ᇘ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%87%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᇘ(页面不存在)">ᇘ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%87%98" class="extiw" title="ko:ᇘ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ᇘ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ㅭ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ㅭ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%85%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ㅭ(页面不存在)">ㅭ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%85%AD" class="extiw" title="ko:ㅭ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ㅭ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9F%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ퟜ(页面不存在)">ퟜ</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ᄛ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ᄛ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%84%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᄛ(页面不存在)">ᄛ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%84%9B" class="extiw" title="ko:ᄛ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ᄛ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ᇚ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ᇚ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%87%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᇚ(页面不存在)">ᇚ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%87%9A" class="extiw" title="ko:ᇚ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ᇚ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9F%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ퟞ(页面不存在)">ퟞ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9F%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ퟟ(页面不存在)">ퟟ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%A5%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ꥰ(页面不存在)">ꥰ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%87%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᇛ(页面不存在)">ᇛ</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ퟠ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ퟠ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9F%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ퟠ(页面不存在)">ퟠ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9F%A0" class="extiw" title="ko:ퟠ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ퟠ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%85%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ㅮ(页面不存在)">ㅮ</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ퟡ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ퟡ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9F%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ퟡ(页面不存在)">ퟡ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9F%A1" class="extiw" title="ko:ퟡ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ퟡ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%85%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ㅯ(页面不存在)">ㅯ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%87%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᇞ(页面不存在)">ᇞ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%85%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ㅰ(页面不存在)">ㅰ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9F%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ퟢ(页面不存在)">ퟢ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%87%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᇠ(页面不存在)">ᇠ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%87%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᇡ(页面不存在)">ᇡ</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ㅱ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ㅱ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%85%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ㅱ(页面不存在)">ㅱ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%85%B1" class="extiw" title="ko:ㅱ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ㅱ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%85%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ㅲ(页面不存在)">ㅲ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%84%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᄟ(页面不存在)">ᄟ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%85%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ㅳ(页面不存在)">ㅳ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%87%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᇣ(页面不存在)">ᇣ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9F%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ퟤ(页面不存在)">ퟤ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9F%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ퟥ(页面不存在)">ퟥ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%85%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ㅴ(页面不存在)">ㅴ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%85%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ㅵ(页面不存在)">ㅵ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%84%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᄤ(页面不存在)">ᄤ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%84%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᄥ(页面不存在)">ᄥ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%84%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᄦ(页面不存在)">ᄦ</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ꥲ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ꥲ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%A5%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ꥲ(页面不存在)">ꥲ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%A5%B2" class="extiw" title="ko:ꥲ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ꥲ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%85%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ㅶ(页面不存在)">ㅶ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%84%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᄨ(页面不存在)">ᄨ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%A5%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ꥳ(页面不存在)">ꥳ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%85%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ㅷ(页面不存在)">ㅷ</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ᄪ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ᄪ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%84%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᄪ(页面不存在)">ᄪ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%84%AA" class="extiw" title="ko:ᄪ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ᄪ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ᇥ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ᇥ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%87%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᇥ(页面不存在)">ᇥ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%87%A5" class="extiw" title="ko:ᇥ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ᇥ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%85%B8" title="ㅸ">ㅸ</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ㅹ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ㅹ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%85%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ㅹ(页面不存在)">ㅹ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%85%B9" class="extiw" title="ko:ㅹ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ㅹ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%85%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ㅺ(页面不存在)">ㅺ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%85%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ㅻ(页面不存在)">ㅻ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%85%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ㅼ(页面不存在)">ㅼ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%84%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᄰ(页面不存在)">ᄰ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%84%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᄱ(页面不存在)">ᄱ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%85%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ㅽ(页面不存在)">ㅽ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%84%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᄳ(页面不存在)">ᄳ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9F%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ퟫ(页面不存在)">ퟫ</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ퟬ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ퟬ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9F%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ퟬ(页面不存在)">ퟬ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9F%AC" class="extiw" title="ko:ퟬ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ퟬ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9F%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ퟭ(页面不存在)">ퟭ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%A5%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ꥵ(页面不存在)">ꥵ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%84%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᄴ(页面不存在)">ᄴ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9F%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ퟮ(页面不存在)">ퟮ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%84%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᄵ(页面不存在)">ᄵ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%85%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ㅾ(页面不存在)">ㅾ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%84%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᄷ(页面不存在)">ᄷ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%84%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᄸ(页面不存在)">ᄸ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%84%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᄹ(页面不存在)">ᄹ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%84%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᄺ(页面不存在)">ᄺ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%84%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᄻ(页面不存在)">ᄻ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%84%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᄽ(页面不存在)">ᄽ</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ᄿ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ᄿ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%84%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᄿ(页面不存在)">ᄿ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%84%BF" class="extiw" title="ko:ᄿ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ᄿ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ퟳ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ퟳ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9F%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ퟳ(页面不存在)">ퟳ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9F%B3" class="extiw" title="ko:ퟳ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ퟳ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ퟴ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ퟴ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9F%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ퟴ(页面不存在)">ퟴ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9F%B4" class="extiw" title="ko:ퟴ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ퟴ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ᅁ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ᅁ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%85%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᅁ(页面不存在)">ᅁ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%85%81" class="extiw" title="ko:ᅁ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ᅁ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ᅂ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ᅂ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%85%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᅂ(页面不存在)">ᅂ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%85%82" class="extiw" title="ko:ᅂ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ᅂ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ꥶ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ꥶ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%A5%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ꥶ(页面不存在)">ꥶ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%A5%B6" class="extiw" title="ko:ꥶ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ꥶ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%85%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᅃ(页面不存在)">ᅃ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%85%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᅄ(页面不存在)">ᅄ</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ᅅ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ᅅ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%85%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᅅ(页面不存在)">ᅅ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%85%85" class="extiw" title="ko:ᅅ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ᅅ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%85%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᅆ(页面不存在)">ᅆ</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ᅇ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ᅇ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%85%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᅇ(页面不存在)">ᅇ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%85%87" class="extiw" title="ko:ᅇ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ᅇ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%85%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᅈ(页面不存在)">ᅈ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%85%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᅉ(页面不存在)">ᅉ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%85%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᅊ(页面不存在)">ᅊ</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ᅋ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ᅋ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᅋ(页面不存在)">ᅋ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%85%8B" class="extiw" title="ko:ᅋ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ᅋ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%A5%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ꥷ(页面不存在)">ꥷ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%87%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᇬ(页面不存在)">ᇬ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%87%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᇭ(页面不存在)">ᇭ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9F%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ퟵ(页面不存在)">ퟵ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%86%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ㆂ(页面不存在)">ㆂ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%86%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ㆃ(页面不存在)">ㆃ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%87%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᇮ(页面不存在)">ᇮ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%87%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᇯ(页面不存在)">ᇯ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9F%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ퟶ(页面不存在)">ퟶ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9F%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ퟷ(页面不存在)">ퟷ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9F%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ퟸ(页面不存在)">ퟸ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%85%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᅍ(页面不存在)">ᅍ</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ꥸ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ꥸ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%A5%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ꥸ(页面不存在)">ꥸ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%A5%B8" class="extiw" title="ko:ꥸ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ꥸ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%85%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᅏ(页面不存在)">ᅏ</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ᅑ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ᅑ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%85%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᅑ(页面不存在)">ᅑ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%85%91" class="extiw" title="ko:ᅑ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ᅑ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ᅒ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ᅒ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%85%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᅒ(页面不存在)">ᅒ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%85%92" class="extiw" title="ko:ᅒ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ᅒ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%85%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᅓ(页面不存在)">ᅓ</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ꥹ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ꥹ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%A5%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ꥹ(页面不存在)">ꥹ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%A5%B9" class="extiw" title="ko:ꥹ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ꥹ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%85%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᅖ(页面不存在)">ᅖ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9F%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ퟺ(页面不存在)">ퟺ</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ퟻ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ퟻ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9F%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ퟻ(页面不存在)">ퟻ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9F%BB" class="extiw" title="ko:ퟻ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ퟻ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ㆄ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ㆄ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%86%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ㆄ(页面不存在)">ㆄ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%86%84" class="extiw" title="ko:ㆄ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ㆄ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%87%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᇵ(页面不存在)">ᇵ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%87%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᇶ(页面不存在)">ᇶ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%87%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᇷ(页面不存在)">ᇷ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%87%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᇸ(页面不存在)">ᇸ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%A5%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ꥻ(页面不存在)">ꥻ</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ㆅ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ㆅ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%86%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ㆅ(页面不存在)">ㆅ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%86%85" class="extiw" title="ko:ㆅ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ㆅ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ꥼ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ꥼ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%A5%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ꥼ(页面不存在)">ꥼ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%A5%BC" class="extiw" title="ko:ꥼ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ꥼ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">舊元音</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ᅶ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ᅶ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%85%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᅶ(页面不存在)">ᅶ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%85%B6" class="extiw" title="ko:ᅶ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ᅶ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ᅷ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ᅷ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%85%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᅷ(页面不存在)">ᅷ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%85%B7" class="extiw" title="ko:ᅷ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ᅷ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ᆣ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ᆣ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%86%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᆣ(页面不存在)">ᆣ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%86%A3" class="extiw" title="ko:ᆣ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ᆣ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ᅸ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ᅸ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%85%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᅸ(页面不存在)">ᅸ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%85%B8" class="extiw" title="ko:ᅸ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ᅸ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%85%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᅹ(页面不存在)">ᅹ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%86%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᆤ(页面不存在)">ᆤ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%85%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᅺ(页面不存在)">ᅺ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%85%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᅻ(页面不存在)">ᅻ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%85%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᅼ(页面不存在)">ᅼ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%86%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᆥ(页面不存在)">ᆥ</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ᅽ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ᅽ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%85%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᅽ(页面不存在)">ᅽ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%85%BD" class="extiw" title="ko:ᅽ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ᅽ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%85%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᅾ(页面不存在)">ᅾ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%86%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᆦ(页面不存在)">ᆦ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%86%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᆧ(页面不存在)">ᆧ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%85%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᅿ(页面不存在)">ᅿ</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ᆀ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ᆀ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%86%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᆀ(页面不存在)">ᆀ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%86%80" class="extiw" title="ko:ᆀ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ᆀ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9E%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ힰ(页面不存在)">ힰ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%86%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᆁ(页面不存在)">ᆁ</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ᆂ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ᆂ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%86%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᆂ(页面不存在)">ᆂ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%86%82" class="extiw" title="ko:ᆂ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ᆂ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ힱ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ힱ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9E%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ힱ(页面不存在)">ힱ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9E%B1" class="extiw" title="ko:ힱ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ힱ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ᆃ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ᆃ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%86%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᆃ(页面不存在)">ᆃ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%86%83" class="extiw" title="ko:ᆃ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ᆃ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9E%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ힲ(页面不存在)">ힲ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9E%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ힳ(页面不存在)">ힳ</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ㆇ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ㆇ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%86%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ㆇ(页面不存在)">ㆇ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%86%87" class="extiw" title="ko:ㆇ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ㆇ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%86%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ㆈ(页面不存在)">ㆈ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9E%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ힴ(页面不存在)">ힴ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%86%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᆆ(页面不存在)">ᆆ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%86%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᆇ(页面不存在)">ᆇ</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ㆉ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ㆉ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%86%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ㆉ(页面不存在)">ㆉ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%86%89" class="extiw" title="ko:ㆉ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ㆉ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%86%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᆉ(页面不存在)">ᆉ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%86%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᆊ(页面不存在)">ᆊ</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ᆋ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ᆋ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%86%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᆋ(页面不存在)">ᆋ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%86%8B" class="extiw" title="ko:ᆋ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ᆋ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ힵ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ힵ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9E%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ힵ(页面不存在)">ힵ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9E%B5" class="extiw" title="ko:ힵ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ힵ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%86%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᆌ(页面不存在)">ᆌ</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ᆍ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ᆍ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%86%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᆍ(页面不存在)">ᆍ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%86%8D" class="extiw" title="ko:ᆍ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ᆍ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9E%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ힶ(页面不存在)">ힶ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%86%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᆎ(页面不存在)">ᆎ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9E%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ힷ(页面不存在)">ힷ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%86%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᆏ(页面不存在)">ᆏ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%86%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᆐ(页面不存在)">ᆐ</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ㆊ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ㆊ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%86%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ㆊ(页面不存在)">ㆊ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%86%8A" class="extiw" title="ko:ㆊ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ㆊ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%86%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ㆋ(页面不存在)">ㆋ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9E%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ힸ(页面不存在)">ힸ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%86%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᆓ(页面不存在)">ᆓ</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ㆌ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ㆌ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%86%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ㆌ(页面不存在)">ㆌ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%86%8C" class="extiw" title="ko:ㆌ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ㆌ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9E%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ힹ(页面不存在)">ힹ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9E%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ힺ(页面不存在)">ힺ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9E%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ힻ(页面不存在)">ힻ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9E%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ힼ(页面不存在)">ힼ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%86%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᆕ(页面不存在)">ᆕ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%86%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᆖ(页面不存在)">ᆖ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%86%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᆗ(页面不存在)">ᆗ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%86%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᆘ(页面不存在)">ᆘ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%86%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᆙ(页面不存在)">ᆙ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9E%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ힽ(页面不存在)">ힽ</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ힾ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ힾ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9E%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ힾ(页面不存在)">ힾ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9E%BE" class="extiw" title="ko:ힾ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ힾ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9E%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ힿ(页面不存在)">ힿ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9F%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ퟀ(页面不存在)">ퟀ</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ᆚ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ᆚ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%86%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᆚ(页面不存在)">ᆚ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%86%9A" class="extiw" title="ko:ᆚ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ᆚ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9F%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ퟁ(页面不存在)">ퟁ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9F%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ퟂ(页面不存在)">ퟂ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%86%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᆛ(页面不存在)">ᆛ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9F%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ퟃ(页面不存在)">ퟃ</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ᆜ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ᆜ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%86%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᆜ(页面不存在)">ᆜ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%86%9C" class="extiw" title="ko:ᆜ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ᆜ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ퟄ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ퟄ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9F%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ퟄ(页面不存在)">ퟄ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9F%84" class="extiw" title="ko:ퟄ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ퟄ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ᆝ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ᆝ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%86%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᆝ(页面不存在)">ᆝ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%86%9D" class="extiw" title="ko:ᆝ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ᆝ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9F%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ퟅ(页面不存在)">ퟅ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%86%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᆟ(页面不存在)">ᆟ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9F%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ퟆ(页面不存在)">ퟆ</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ᆠ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ᆠ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%86%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᆠ(页面不存在)">ᆠ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%86%A0" class="extiw" title="ko:ᆠ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ᆠ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ㆎ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ㆎ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%86%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ㆎ(页面不存在)">ㆎ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%86%8E" class="extiw" title="ko:ㆎ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ㆎ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">仍用於<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%9F%E5%B7%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="濟州語">濟州語</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ᆢ" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="ᆢ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%86%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᆢ(页面不存在)">ᆢ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%86%A2" class="extiw" title="ko:ᆢ"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">ᆢ</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%82%8D%E7%82%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="傍点(页面不存在)">傍点</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%80%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="〮(页面不存在)">〮</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%80%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="〯(页面不存在)">〯</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hangugeo-Chosonmal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Hangugeo-Chosonmal.svg/222px-Hangugeo-Chosonmal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="222" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Hangugeo-Chosonmal.svg/333px-Hangugeo-Chosonmal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Hangugeo-Chosonmal.svg/444px-Hangugeo-Chosonmal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="263" data-file-height="371" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">編碼</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9F%B3%E7%AF%80" title="諺文音節">諺文音節</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BA%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D_(Unicode%E5%8D%80%E6%AE%B5)" title="諺文字母 (Unicode區段)">諺文字母 (Unicode區段)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BA%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E6%93%B4%E5%B1%95-A" title="諺文字母擴展-A">諺文字母擴展-A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BA%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E6%93%B4%E5%B1%95-B" title="諺文字母擴展-B">諺文字母擴展-B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BA%E6%96%87%E5%85%BC%E5%AE%B9%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="諺文兼容字母">諺文兼容字母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%BD%A2%E5%8F%8A%E5%85%A8%E5%BD%A2%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6_(Unicode%E5%8D%80%E6%AE%B5)" title="半形及全形字符 (Unicode區段)">半形及全形字符 (Unicode區段)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">legacy/other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KS_X_1001" title="KS X 1001">KS X 1001</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="KS X 1002" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="KS X 1002"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=KS_X_1002&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KS X 1002(页面不存在)">KS X 1002</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/KS_X_1002" class="extiw" title="ko:KS X 1002"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">KS X 1002</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPS_9566" title="KPS 9566">KPS 9566</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GB_12052" title="GB 12052">GB 12052</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="統一韓文代碼" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Unified Hangul Code"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E9%9F%93%E6%96%87%E4%BB%A3%E7%A2%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="統一韓文代碼(页面不存在)">統一韓文代碼</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Hangul_Code" class="extiw" title="en:Unified Hangul Code"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Unified Hangul Code</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="符合ISO/IEC2022國家字符集標準的現代韓文" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of modern Hangul characters in ISO/IEC 2022–compliant national character set standards"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%A6%E5%90%88ISO/IEC2022%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E9%9B%86%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E7%9A%84%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E9%9F%93%E6%96%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="符合ISO/IEC2022國家字符集標準的現代韓文(页面不存在)">符合ISO/IEC2022國家字符集標準的現代韓文</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_modern_Hangul_characters_in_ISO/IEC_2022%E2%80%93compliant_national_character_set_standards" class="extiw" title="en:List of modern Hangul characters in ISO/IEC 2022–compliant national character set standards"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of modern Hangul characters in ISO/IEC 2022–compliant national character set standards</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BA%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="諺文字母列表">諺文字母列表</a> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%93%E6%B0%91%E6%AD%A3%E9%9F%B3" title="訓民正音">訓民正音</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%AB%BA%E6%96%87" title="古諺文">古諺文</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="擴展韓文字母表" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="확장_한글_자모"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%93%B4%E5%B1%95%E9%9F%93%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="擴展韓文字母表(页面不存在)">擴展韓文字母表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%99%95%EC%9E%A5_%ED%95%9C%EA%B8%80_%EC%9E%90%EB%AA%A8" class="extiw" title="ko:확장 한글 자모"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">확장_한글_자모</span></a></span>)</span></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>韓语是音节语言,根据音节结构划分,韓语有十九个<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="聲母">初声</a>(초성)、二十一个<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%BB%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="韻母">中声</a>(중성)以及二十七个<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%BB%E5%B0%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="韻尾">终声</a>(종성)。 </p> <table align="center" cellpadding="8"> <caption style="font-size:smaller;"><b>声母表</b> </caption> <tbody><tr align="center"> <td></td> <td align="left" nowrap=""><b>清辅音/無聲子音</b></td> <td align="left" nowrap=""><b>무성자음</b> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td></td> <td align="left" nowrap="">弱送气/平音</td> <td align="left" nowrap="">예사소리/평음</td> <td>ᄀ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/k/</span> (g)</td> <td>ᄃ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/t/</span> (d)</td> <td>ᄇ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/p/</span> (b)</td> <td>ᄉ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/s/</span> (s)</td> <td>ᄌ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/t͡ɕ/</span> (j) </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td></td> <td align="left" nowrap="">送气音/激音</td> <td align="left" nowrap="">거센소리/격음</td> <td>ᄏ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/kʰ/</span> (k)</td> <td>ᄐ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/tʰ/</span> (t)</td> <td>ᄑ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/pʰ/</span> (p)</td> <td>ᄒ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/h/</span> (h)</td> <td>ᄎ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/t͡ɕʰ/</span> (ch) </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td></td> <td nowrap="">紧音/硬音</td> <td align="left" nowrap="">경음/된소리</td> <td>ᄁ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/k͈/</span> (kk)</td> <td>ᄄ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/t͈/</span> (tt)</td> <td>ᄈ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/p͈/</span> (pp)</td> <td>ᄊ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/s͈/</span> (ss)</td> <td>ᄍ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/t͡ɕ͈/</span> (jj) </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td></td> <td align="left" nowrap=""><b>浊辅音/有聲子音</b></td> <td align="left" nowrap=""><b>유성자음</b> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td></td> <td align="left" nowrap="">鼻音</td> <td align="left" nowrap="">비음</td> <td>ᄂ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/n/</span> (n)</td> <td>ᄆ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/m/</span> (m)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td></td> <td align="left" nowrap="">流音</td> <td align="left" nowrap="">설측음</td> <td>ᄅ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ɾ ~ l/</span> (r,l)</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>「<span lang="ko">ㄹ</span>」作頭音為 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ɾ/</span> (r),作尾音為 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/l/</span> (l)。</li> <li>「<span lang="ko">ㅇ</span>」作为初声时为零声母,不发音。</li> <li>在首尔中青年人的口音中,鼻音声母「<span lang="ko">ᄆ</span>」、「<span lang="ko">ᄂ</span>」在词首有明显的去鼻化现象,读作 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ᵐb]</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ⁿd]</span> 或 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[b]</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[d]</span> ,年轻人甚至有20%的几率将其读作 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[p]</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[t]</span> 或 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[pʰ]</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[tʰ]</span>。<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Korean_short_vowel_chart.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="朝鲜语长元音音素"><img alt="朝鲜语长元音音素" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Korean_short_vowel_chart.svg/250px-Korean_short_vowel_chart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Korean_short_vowel_chart.svg/375px-Korean_short_vowel_chart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Korean_short_vowel_chart.svg/500px-Korean_short_vowel_chart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>朝鲜语长元音音素</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Korean_long_vowel_chart.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="朝鲜语短元音音素"><img alt="朝鲜语短元音音素" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Korean_long_vowel_chart.svg/250px-Korean_long_vowel_chart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Korean_long_vowel_chart.svg/375px-Korean_long_vowel_chart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Korean_long_vowel_chart.svg/500px-Korean_long_vowel_chart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>朝鲜语短元音音素</figcaption></figure> <table align="center" cellpadding="8"> <caption style="font-size:smaller;"><b>韵母表</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td><b>阳性韵母</b> </td> <td>ᅡ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/a/</span> (a)</td> <td>ᅣ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ja/</span> (ya)</td> <td>ᅪ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/wa/</span> (wa) </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>ᅢ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ɛ/</span> (ae)</td> <td>ᅤ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/jɛ/</span> (yae)</td> <td>ᅫ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/wɛ/</span> (wae) </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>ᅩ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/o/</span> (o)</td> <td>ᅭ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/jo/</span> (yo)</td> <td>ᅬ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ø/</span> (oe) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>阴性韵母</b> </td> <td>ᅥ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ʌ/</span> (eo)</td> <td>ᅧ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/jʌ/</span> (yeo)</td> <td>ᅯ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/wʌ/</span> (wo) </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>ᅦ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/e/</span> (e)</td> <td>ᅨ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/je/</span> (ye)</td> <td>ᅰ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/we/</span> (we) </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>ᅮ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/u/</span> (u)</td> <td>ᅲ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ju/</span> (yu)</td> <td>ᅱ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/y/</span> (wi) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>中性韵母</b> </td> <td>ᅳ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ɯ/</span> (eu)</td> <td>ᅵ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/i/</span> (i)</td> <td>ᅴ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ɰi/ /i/ /ɛ/</span> (ui) </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li>老派韓語把「ㅚ」和「ㅟ」讀成單元音<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ø/</span>和<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/y/</span>,現在韓國人已經趨向把「ㅚ」和「ㅟ」讀成 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/wɛ/</span> 和 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/wi/</span>。</li> <li>「ᅢ」和「ᅦ」的對立在現代韓語也逐漸消失,現在不少韓國人將兩者都發成同音<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/e̞/</span>。</li> <li>「ㅢ」在詞首作<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ɰi/</span>音,在詞中或詞尾時作<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/i/</span>音,用作屬格助詞「的」時作<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/e/</span>音。</li></ul> <p>韓语的母音有长短之分,母音的长短会影响词汇的含意,例如短音눈<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/nun/</span>為眼睛的意思、長音눈<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/nuːn/</span>為雪的意思。但是今天韩國人说的韩语已经不分长短音了,所以一般的韩语教科书都不教授长短音。而朝鮮人(特别是播音员)说的朝鲜语则还保留着这个音韵特徵。 </p> <table align="center" cellpadding="9"> <caption style="font-size:smaller;"><b>韵尾表</b> </caption> <tbody><tr align="center"> <td nowrap=""><b>塞音</b></td> <td nowrap=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/k̚/</span> (k)</td> <td>ᆨ</td> <td>ᆿ</td> <td>ᆩ</td> <td>ᆪ</td> <td>ᆰ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/t̚/</span> (t)</td> <td>ᆮ</td> <td>ᇀ</td> <td>ᇂ</td> <td>ᆺ</td> <td>ᆻ</td> <td>ᆽ</td> <td>ᆾ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/p̚/</span> (p)</td> <td>ᆸ</td> <td>ᇁ</td> <td>ᆹ</td> <td>ᆵ </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><b>流音</b></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/l/</span> (l)</td> <td>ᆯ</td> <td>ᆲ</td> <td>ᆳ</td> <td>ᆴ</td> <td>ᆶ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><b>鼻音</b></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/n/</span> (n)</td> <td>ᆫ</td> <td>ᆬ</td> <td>ᆭ </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/m/</span> (m)</td> <td>ᆷ</td> <td>ᆱ </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ŋ/</span> (ng)</td> <td>ᆼ</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="音韵变化"><span id=".E9.9F.B3.E9.9F.B5.E5.8F.98.E5.8C.96"></span>音韵变化</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节:音韵变化"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>朝鲜语的音韵变化非常丰富,最常见的变化现象有连读、鼻音化、有气音化、紧音化、浓音化和颚音化五类。由於有這些發音變化,一些來自於古代韩語的詞彙的發音可能與它們在現代韩語中的發音相去甚遠。 </p><p>通常情況下,這些音韻變化在朝鮮半島南北兩側是相同的。以下内容均使用<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E7%A7%91%E6%81%A9-%E8%B5%96%E8%82%96%E5%B0%94%E8%A1%A8%E8%AE%B0%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="马科恩-赖肖尔表记法">马科恩-赖肖尔表记法</a>注音。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="连读现象"><span id=".E8.BF.9E.E8.AF.BB.E7.8E.B0.E8.B1.A1"></span>连读现象</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节:连读现象"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>当两个单母音可以被连读成已有的复合母音的时候,连读现象就会发生。 <dl><dd><span lang="ko">쓰<b>이</b>다(ssŭ <b>i</b> + da) → <b>씌</b>다(<b>ssŭi</b>da)</span></dd> <dd><span lang="ko">가<b>보았</b>다(ka <b>boat</b> + da) → 가<b>봤</b>다(ka <b>bwat</b>da)</span></dd></dl></dd> <dd>当前字韵尾後接无声母的字的时候,前字的韵尾变成後字的声母,即连读 <dl><dd><span lang="ko">불<b>안</b>(pu<b>l</b> + <b>an</b>) → 부<b>란</b>(pu<b>ran</b>)</span></dd> <dd><span lang="ko">각<b>오</b>(ka<b>k</b> + <b>o</b>) → 가<b>고</b>(ka <b>go</b>)</span></dd> <dd><span lang="ko">읽<b>읍</b>시다(i<b>k</b> <b>ŭp</b> sida) → 일<b>급</b>시다(il <b>gŭp</b> sida)</span></dd></dl></dd> <dd>当韵尾是「ㄹ」、「ㄴ」或「ㅁ」的字後接以「ㅎ」为声母字的时候,後字的声母「ㅎ」不发音,前字的韵尾变成後字的声母,即连读(注:这个现象并不一定发生) <dl><dd><span lang="ko"> 감<b>행</b>(ka<b>m haeng</b>) → 가<b>맹</b>(ka<b>maeng</b>)</span></dd> <dd><span lang="ko"> 산<b>하</b> (sa<b>n ha</b>) → 사<b>나</b>(sa<b>na</b>)</span></dd> <dd><span lang="ko"> 말<b>하</b>다(ma<b>l ha</b> da) → 마<b>라</b>다(ma<b>ra</b>da)</span></dd> <dd><span lang="ko"> <b>좋</b>아(cho<b>h</b> a) → 조<b>아</b>(cho<b>a</b>)</span></dd> <dd><span lang="ko"> <b>싫어</b>(si<b>rh</b>+ŏ) → 실<b>허</b>(si<b>l h</b>ŏ) → 시<b>러</b>(si<b>rŏ</b>)</span></dd> <dd><span lang="ko"> 미안<b>해</b>(mi a<b>n hae</b>) → 미아<b>내</b>(mia<b>nae</b>)</span></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="鼻音化现象"><span id=".E9.BC.BB.E9.9F.B3.E5.8C.96.E7.8E.B0.E8.B1.A1"></span>鼻音化现象</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节:鼻音化现象"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>当前字韵尾是「ㄱ」、「ㄲ」、「ㅋ」或「ㄺ」 ,後字声母是「ㄹ」、「ㄴ」或「ㅁ」的时候,前字韵尾鼻音化成「ㅇ」。又,後字的「ㄹ」在韓國標準語中读成「ㄴ」。而朝鮮民主主義人民共和國在2010年以前規定按原音「ㄹ」發音,但2010年的《朝鮮語規範集》改訂中規定後字聲母「ㄹ」在後跟「ㅑ」「ㅛ」等有介音的韻母時可發「ㄹ」或「ㄴ」,而後跟「ㅏ」「ㅗ」「ㅣ」等韻母的時候則發「ㄴ」,下同。</dd></dl> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>寫法</th> <th>拼音</th> <th>讀音</th> <th>拼音 </th> <th>漢字 </th></tr> <tr lang="ko"> <td><b>박</b>물관</td> <td>pa<b>k</b>mulgwan</td> <td><b>방</b>물관</td> <td>pa<b>ng</b>mulgwan </td> <td><span lang="ko">博物館</span> </td></tr> <tr lang="ko"> <td><b>깎</b>는다</td> <td>kka<b>k</b>nŭnda</td> <td><b>깡</b>는다</td> <td>kka<b>ng</b>nŭnda </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr lang="ko"> <td><b>읽</b>는다</td> <td>i<b>lk</b>nŭnda</td> <td><b>잉</b>는다</td> <td>i<b>ng</b>nŭnda </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr lang="ko"> <td><b>독</b>립</td> <td>do<b>k</b>rip</td> <td><b>동닙</b></td> <td>do<b>ngn</b>ip </td> <td><span lang="ko">獨立</span> </td></tr> <tr lang="ko"> <td><b>숙</b>녀</td> <td>su<b>k</b>nyŏ</td> <td><b>숭녀</b></td> <td>su<b>ngn</b>yŏ </td> <td><span lang="ko">淑女</span> </td></tr> <tr lang="ko"> <td><b>욕</b>망</td> <td>yo<b>k</b>mang</td> <td><b>용망</b></td> <td>yo<b>ngm</b>ang </td> <td><span lang="ko">慾望</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dd>当前字韵尾是「ㅂ」、「ㅄ」、「ㄼ」、「ㅍ」或「ㄿ」,後字声母是「ㄹ」、「ㄴ」或「ㅁ」的时候,前字韵尾鼻音化成「ㅁ」。又,後字的「ㄹ」读成「ㄴ」。</dd></dl> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>寫法</th> <th>拼音</th> <th>讀音</th> <th>拼音 </th> <th>漢字 </th></tr> <tr lang="ko"> <td><b>십</b>년</td> <td>si<b>p</b>nyŏn</td> <td><b>심</b>년</td> <td>si<b>m</b>nyŏn </td> <td><span lang="ko">十年</span> </td></tr> <tr lang="ko"> <td><b>협력</b></td> <td>hyŏ<b>p</b>ryŏk</td> <td><b>혐녁</b>(北朝鮮亦可讀作<b>혐</b>력)</td> <td>hyŏ<b>mn</b>yŏk(北朝鮮亦可讀作hyŏ<b>m</b>ryŏk) </td> <td><span lang="ko">協力</span> </td></tr> <tr lang="ko"> <td><b>앞</b>날</td> <td>a<b>p</b>nal</td> <td><b>암</b>날</td> <td>a<b>m</b>nal </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr lang="ko"> <td><b>값</b>매다</td> <td>ka<b>p</b>maeda</td> <td><b>감</b>매다</td> <td>ka<b>m</b>maeda </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dd>当前字韵尾是「ㄷ」、「ㅌ」、「ㅅ」、「ㅆ」、「ㅊ」或「ㅈ」,後字声母是「ㄹ」、「ㄴ」或「ㅁ」的时候,前字韵尾鼻音化成「ㄴ」。又,後字的「ㄹ」读成「ㄴ」。</dd></dl> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>寫法</th> <th>拼音</th> <th>讀音</th> <th>拼音 </th></tr> <tr lang="ko"> <td><b>밑</b>면</td> <td>mi<b>t</b>myŏn</td> <td><b>민</b>면</td> <td>mi<b>n</b>myŏn </td></tr> <tr lang="ko"> <td><b>꽃</b>물</td> <td>kko<b>t</b>mul</td> <td><b>꼰</b>물</td> <td>kko<b>n</b>mul </td></tr> <tr lang="ko"> <td><b>있</b>는</td> <td>i<b>t</b>nŭn</td> <td><b>인</b>는</td> <td>i<b>n</b>nŭn </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dd>当前字韵尾是「ㅁ」或「ㅇ」,後字声母是「ㄹ」的时候,後字的「ㄹ」读成「ㄴ」。此規則在海外部分朝鮮語使用人群中不適用。</dd></dl> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>寫法</th> <th>拼音</th> <th>讀音</th> <th>拼音 </th> <th>漢字 </th></tr> <tr lang="ko"> <td>통<b>로</b></td> <td>tong<b>r</b>o</td> <td>통<b>노</b></td> <td>tong<b>n</b>o </td> <td><span lang="ko">通路</span> </td></tr> <tr lang="ko"> <td>침<b>략</b></td> <td>chim<b>r</b>yak</td> <td>침<b>냑</b>(北朝鮮亦可讀침<b>략</b>)</td> <td>chim<b>n</b>yak(北朝鮮亦可讀作chimryak) </td> <td><span lang="ko">侵略</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dd>在复合词语中,当後字的韵母是以"i"或"y"发音开始,而前字韵尾是上述的任何一个的时候,将後字冠以声母「ㄴ」,并按照以上规则鼻音化。(一般不适用於非复合词语)</dd></dl> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>寫法</th> <th>拼音</th> <th>讀音</th> <th>拼音 </th> <th>漢字</th> <th>備註 </th></tr> <tr lang="ko"> <td>십육</td> <td>si<b>py</b>uk</td> <td>심뉵</td> <td>si<b>mny</b>uk </td> <td><span lang="ko">十六</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh"><span lang="zh">北朝鮮写作<span lang="ko">십륙</span>,读音可為si<b>mn</b>yuk或si<b>m</b>ryuk</span></span> </td></tr> <tr lang="ko"> <td>못 읽다</td> <td>mo<b>t i</b>kta</td> <td>몬 닉따</td> <td>mo<b>n ni</b>kta </td> <td></td> <td><span lang="zh">參見以下的浓音化。北朝鮮不留空位而写作<span lang="ko">못읽다</span>,读音相同</span> </td></tr> <tr lang="ko"> <td>옛 이야기</td> <td>ye<b>t i</b>yagi</td> <td>옌 니야기</td> <td>ye<b>n ni</b>yagi </td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr lang="ko"> <td>식용유</td> <td>sigyo<b>ngy</b>u</td> <td>시굥뉴</td> <td>sigyo<b>ngny</b>u </td> <td><span lang="ko">食用油</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr lang="ko"> <td>담요</td> <td>da<b>my</b>o</td> <td>담뇨</td> <td>da<b>mny</b>o </td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>꽃잎 </td> <td>kko<b>ch</b>ip </td> <td>꼰닙 </td> <td>kko<b>nn</b>ip </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr lang="ko"> <td>그림엽서</td> <td>gŭri<b>my</b>ŏpsŏ</td> <td>그림녑써</td> <td>gŭri<b>mny</b>ŏpsŏ </td> <td><span lang="ko">그림葉書</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr lang="ko"> <td>내복약</td> <td>naebo<b>gy</b>ak</td> <td>내봉냑</td> <td>naebo<b>ngn</b>yak </td> <td><span lang="ko">內服藥</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr lang="ko"> <td>서울역</td> <td>sŏu<b>ry</b>ŏk</td> <td>서울력</td> <td>sŏu<b>lly</b>ŏk </td> <td><span lang="ko">서울驛</span></td> <td><span lang="zh">參見下述流音現象</span> </td></tr> <tr lang="ko"> <td>열용량</td> <td>yŏ<b>ry</b>o<b>ngr</b>yang</td> <td>열룡냥</td> <td>yŏ<b>ll</b>yo<b>ngn</b>yang </td> <td><span lang="ko">熱容量</span></td> <td><span lang="zh">參見前述鼻音化與下述流音現象。北朝鮮亦可讀作열룡량(yeo<b>ll</b>yongryang)</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>也有少數非復合詞語可以按此種規則發音,但直接按照拼法發音亦可。 </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>寫法</th> <th>拼音</th> <th>讀音1</th> <th>拼音1</th> <th>讀音2</th> <th>拼音2 </th> <th>漢字 </th></tr> <tr lang="ko"> <td>금융</td> <td>gŭ<b>my</b>ung</td> <td>금늉</td> <td>gŭ<b>mny</b>ung</td> <td>그뮹</td> <td>gŭ<b>my</b>ung </td> <td><span lang="ko">金融</span> </td></tr> <tr lang="ko"> <td>검열</td> <td>gŏ<b>my</b>ŏl</td> <td>검녈</td> <td>gŏ<b>mny</b>ŏl</td> <td>거멸</td> <td>gŏ<b>my</b>ŏl </td> <td><span lang="ko">檢閱</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>但也有部分復合詞彙不符合此規則。 </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>寫法</th> <th>讀音</th> <th>拼音 </th> <th>漢字 </th></tr> <tr lang="ko"> <td>송별연</td> <td>송벼련</td> <td>songbyŏryŏn </td> <td><span lang="ko">送別宴</span> </td></tr> <tr lang="ko"> <td>등용문</td> <td>등용문</td> <td>dŭngyongmun </td> <td><span lang="ko">登龍門</span> </td></tr> <tr lang="ko"> <td>그림일기</td> <td>그리밀기</td> <td>gŭrimilgi </td> <td><span lang="ko">그림日記</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dd>在复合词语中,当前字无韵尾,後字声母是「ㄴ」或「ㅁ」的时候,前字添上「ㄴ」作为韵尾;在大韓民國写法中并加上「ㅅ」示之(北朝鮮不加上)。</dd></dl> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>朝鮮寫法</th> <th>拼音</th> <th>讀音</th> <th>拼音</th> <th>韓國寫法 </th></tr> <tr lang="ko"> <td>비물</td> <td>pimul</td> <td>빈물</td> <td>pi<b>n</b>mul</td> <td>빗물 </td></tr> <tr lang="ko"> <td>뒤날</td> <td>twinal</td> <td>뒨날</td> <td>twi<b>n</b>nal</td> <td>뒷날 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>在小部分的词语中,由於朝鮮語歷史上的音韻變化,会出现與現代漢語中字首的n與l不同的現象: </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%9A%E5%AE%81%E5%B8%82" title="会宁市">會寧</a> <span lang="ko">회<b>녕</b> → 회<b>령</b></span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%AF%A7%E5%B8%82" title="保寧市">保寧</a> <span lang="ko">보<b>녕</b> → 보<b>령</b></span></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="有气音化现象"><span id=".E6.9C.89.E6.B0.94.E9.9F.B3.E5.8C.96.E7.8E.B0.E8.B1.A1"></span>有气音化现象</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节:有气音化现象"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>当前字韵尾是「ㄱ」或「ㄺ」,後字声母是「ㅎ」的时候,後字声母变成「ㅋ」。</dd></dl> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>變音前</th> <th>拼音</th> <th>變音後</th> <th>拼音</th> <th>中文解釋 </th></tr> <tr lang="ko"> <td>악<b>화</b></td> <td>a<b>kh</b>wa</td> <td>아<b>콰</b></td> <td>a<b>k'wa</b></td> <td>惡化 </td></tr> <tr lang="ko"> <td>밝<b>히</b>다</td> <td>pa<b>lkh</b>ida</td> <td>발<b>키</b>다</td> <td>pa<b>lk'</b>ida</td> <td>照亮 </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dd>当前字韵尾是「ㅂ」後字声母是「ㅎ」的时候,後字声母变成「ㅍ」。</dd></dl> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>變音前</th> <th>拼音</th> <th>變音後</th> <th>拼音</th> <th>中文解釋 </th></tr> <tr lang=""> <td>섭<b>섭</b>하다</td> <td>sŏpsŏ<b>ph</b>ada</td> <td>섭써<b>파</b>다</td> <td>sŏpssŏ<b>p'a</b>da</td> <td>遺憾 </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dd>当前字韵尾是「ㄷ」、「ㅈ」、「ㅊ」或「ㅅ」,後字声母是「ㅎ」(히除外)的时候,後字声母变成「ㅌ」。</dd></dl> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>變音前</th> <th>拼音</th> <th>變音後</th> <th>拼音</th> <th>中文解釋 </th></tr> <tr lang="ko"> <td><b>맏형</b>수</td> <td>ma<b>th</b>yŏngsu</td> <td>마<b>텽</b>수</td> <td>ma<b>t'yŏ</b>ngsu</td> <td>長兄嫂 </td></tr> <tr lang="ko"> <td><b>못하</b>다</td> <td>mo<b>th</b>ada</td> <td>모<b>타</b>다</td> <td>mo<b>t'a</b>da</td> <td>不能夠 </td></tr> <tr lang="ko"> <td><b>꽃 한</b> 송이</td> <td>kko<b>th</b>ansongi</td> <td>꼬<b>탄</b>송이</td> <td>kko<b>t'a</b>nsongi</td> <td>花一朵 </td></tr> <tr lang="ko"> <td>따<b>뜻하</b>다</td> <td>ttatteu<b>th</b>ada</td> <td>따뜨<b>타</b>다</td> <td>ttatteu<b>t'a</b>da</td> <td>溫暖 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>但亦有特殊的例子,例如「맛있다」(好吃)、「멋있다」(帥氣)兩詞在大韓民國標準發音中規定可以分別有maditta與masitta,mŏditta與mŏsitta兩套發音,而在北朝鮮僅規定masitta、mŏsitta一種發音。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="浓音化现象"><span id=".E6.B5.93.E9.9F.B3.E5.8C.96.E7.8E.B0.E8.B1.A1"></span>浓音化现象</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节:浓音化现象"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>当前字韵尾是无声子音,後字声母是「ㄱ」、「ㄷ」、「ㅂ」、「ㅅ」或「ㅈ」的时候,後字声母浓音化成为「ㄲ」、「ㄸ」、「ㅃ」、「ㅆ」或「ㅉ」。(由於马科恩-赖肖尔转写系统并不把这一类别的浓音声母写成为浓音声母,因此这里省略拼音) <dl><dd><span lang="ko">먹<b>다</b> → 먹<b>따</b></span></dd> <dd><span lang="ko">역<b>사</b> → 역<b>싸</b></span></dd></dl></dd> <dd>当一个词语由两个其他词语组成的时候,第二个词的第一个声母浓音化;而且在大韓民國的韩语中,如果第一个词语的词尾有空位的话,加上「ㅅ」(北朝鮮不加上)。 <dl><dd><span lang="ko">해<b>빛</b> → 해<b>삧</b>/핻<b>삧</b></span>(韓國写成<span lang="ko"><b>햇</b>빛</span>)</dd> <dd><span lang="ko">불<b>빛</b> → 불<b>삧</b></span></dd></dl></dd> <dd>不完全名词的首个声母有时候浓音化。 <dl><dd><span lang="ko">선생님 <b>것</b> → 선생님 <b>껏</b></span>(先生的 + 东西)(漢字詞「先生」指「老師」)</dd> <dd><span lang="ko">사흘 <b>동안</b> → 사흘 <b>똥안</b></span>(三日的 + 时间)</dd></dl></dd> <dd>當動詞的語幹韵尾是「ㅁ」或「ㄴ」的时候,语尾的声母浓音化。 <dl><dd><span lang="ko">심<b>다</b> → 심<b>따</b></span></dd> <dd><span lang="ko">안<b>고</b> → 안<b>꼬</b></span></dd></dl></dd> <dd>汉字语词语中,第一字韵尾是「ㄹ」,第二字声母是「ㄷ」、「ㅅ」或「ㅈ」的时候,第二字声母浓音化成为「ㄸ」、「ㅆ」或「ㅉ」。 <dl><dd><span lang="ko">출<b>장</b> (出張) → 출<b>짱</b></span></dd> <dd><span lang="ko">칠<b>십</b> (七十) → 칠<b>씹</b></span></dd></dl></dd> <dd>另外有很多例外的浓音化;这些例外的浓音化在一般朝鲜语字典之中都有注明。 <dl><dd>解作「<span lang="ko">漢字</span>」的时候, <span lang="ko">한<b>자</b> → 한<b>짜</b></span></dd> <dd><span lang="ko">태<b>권</b>도 → 태<b>꿘</b>도</span></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="颚音化现象"><span id=".E9.A2.9A.E9.9F.B3.E5.8C.96.E7.8E.B0.E8.B1.A1"></span>颚音化现象</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节:颚音化现象"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>当前字韵尾是「ㄷ」或「ㅈ」,後字是「히」的时候,後字变成「치」。 <dl><dd><span lang="ko"> 맞<b>히</b>다(ma<b>thi</b>da) → 마<b>치</b>다(ma<b>ch'i</b>da)</span></dd> <dd><span lang="ko"> 닫<b>히</b>다(ta<b>thi</b>da) → 다<b>치</b>다(ta<b>ch'i</b>da)</span></dd></dl></dd> <dd>当前字韵尾是「ㄷ」或「ㅌ」,後字是「이」的时候,後字变成「지」或「치」。 <dl><dd><span lang="ko"> 곧<b>이</b>(ko<b>ti</b>) → 고<b>지</b>(ko<b>ji</b>)</span></dd> <dd><span lang="ko"> 같<b>이</b>(ka<b>ti</b>) → 가<b>치</b>(ka<b>ch'i</b>)</span></dd> <dd><span lang="ko"> 붙<b>이</b>다(pu<b>ti</b>da) → 부<b>치</b>다(pu<b>ch'i</b>da)</span></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="元音和諧"><span id=".E5.85.83.E9.9F.B3.E5.92.8C.E8.AB.A7"></span>元音和諧</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节:元音和諧"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3%E5%92%8C%E8%B0%90%E5%BE%8B" title="元音和谐律">元音和谐律</a></div> <p>元音和諧在现代朝鲜语里面已经有相当大程度的萎缩,目前这种现象表现在组字、文法上的词尾添加以及固有词三个方面。 </p><p>朝鲜语根据母音的发音部位将母音分做阳性母音、中性母音和阴性母音(在語法变化的时候,中性母音也被看做阴性母音)两大类。<i>(母音性别的划分请参看本节音素部分的韵母表)</i> </p><p>在用韩文字母组字的时候,六个单母音字母(ㅗ、ㅜ、ㅏ、ㅓ、ㅡ、ㅣ)组成母音合体字母<sup>1</sup>的时候需要遵照「同性相吸」的原则。 </p> <dl><dd>注意,这里的母音合体字母并不全部指复合母音字母。比如母音合体字母「ㅐ」就不是复合母音字母,而「ㅝ」却是复合母音字母。</dd></dl> <p>阳(阴)性单母音字母只能跟阳(阴)性单母音字母组合成阳(阴)性的母音合体字母。阳性单母音字母不能跟阴性单母音字母组合成母音合体字母。所以在朝鮮文字中只有阳性母音字母「ㅗ」跟阳性母音字母「ㅏ」或阴性母音字母「ㅜ」跟阴性母音字母「ㅓ」的母音合体字母(ㅘ,ㅝ),没有阴性母音字母「ㅜ」跟阳性母音字母「ㅏ」或阳性母音字母「ㅗ」跟阴性母音字母「ㅓ」组成的母音合体字母。 </p><p>在组立母音合体字母的时候,中性单母音却可以和阳性单母音或者阴性单母音组合成母音合体字母,比如像阳性母音字母「ㅏ」就可以跟中性母音字母「ㅣ」组成母音合体字母「ㅐ」;阴性母音字母「ㅓ」跟中性母音字母「ㅣ」组成母音合体字母「ㅔ」 </p><p>在文法上,也需要遵照「同性相吸」的原则添加带有母音的词尾。例如对等阶词尾的两种形式「<span lang="ko">아요(ayo) / 어요(ŏyo)</span>」就是为此而备的。前者是添加在含有阳性母音动词或形容词(汉字词不在此限)的词干後面,後者则是添加在含有阴性母音动词或形容词的词干後面。 </p> <dl><dd><span lang="ko">보다(pota) 보 - 아요 / <s>어요</s> → 보아요(po-ayo)</span></dd> <dd><span lang="ko">두다(tuta) 두 - <s>아요</s> / 어요→ 두어요 (tu-ŏyo)</span></dd></dl> <p>在朝鲜语的固有词汇中也能看到很多母音调和的现象,这种现象表现为多音节词汇中前後音节的母音都是阳性母音或者都是阴性母音。比如바다(海)。 </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">陽性 </th> <td><span lang="ko">ㅏ</span> <span lang="ko-Latn" title="韩语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">a</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅑ</span> <span lang="ko-Latn" title="韩语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">ya</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅗ</span> <span lang="ko-Latn" title="韩语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">o</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅘ</span> <span lang="ko-Latn" title="韩语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">wa</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅛ</span> <span lang="ko-Latn" title="韩语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">yo</span></td> <td>(<span lang="ko">ㆍ</span> <span lang="ko-Latn" title="韩语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">ə</span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="ko">ㅐ</span> <span lang="ko-Latn" title="韩语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">ae</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅒ</span> <span lang="ko-Latn" title="韩语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">yae</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅚ</span> <span lang="ko-Latn" title="韩语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">oe</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅙ</span> <span lang="ko-Latn" title="韩语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">wae</span></td> <td>(<span lang="ko">ㆉ</span> <span lang="ko-Latn" title="韩语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">yoe</span>)</td> <td>(<span lang="ko">ㆎ</span> <span lang="ko-Latn" title="韩语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">əi</span>) </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">陰性 </th> <td><span lang="ko">ㅓ</span> <span lang="ko-Latn" title="韩语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">eo</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅕ</span> <span lang="ko-Latn" title="韩语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">yeo</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅜ</span> <span lang="ko-Latn" title="韩语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">u</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅝ</span> <span lang="ko-Latn" title="韩语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">wo</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅠ</span> <span lang="ko-Latn" title="韩语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">yu</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅡ</span> <span lang="ko-Latn" title="韩语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">eu</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="ko">ㅔ</span> <span lang="ko-Latn" title="韩语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">e</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅖ</span> <span lang="ko-Latn" title="韩语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">ye</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅟ</span> <span lang="ko-Latn" title="韩语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">wi</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅞ</span> <span lang="ko-Latn" title="韩语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">we</span></td> <td>(<span lang="ko">ㆌ</span> <span lang="ko-Latn" title="韩语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">ywi</span>)</td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅢ</span> <span lang="ko-Latn" title="韩语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">ui</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>中性 </th> <td colspan="6" align="center"><span lang="ko">ㅣ</span> <span lang="ko-Latn" title="韩语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">i</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7"><small><i>括號為方言或已廢除的元音。</i></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="流音现象与头音法则"><span id=".E6.B5.81.E9.9F.B3.E7.8E.B0.E8.B1.A1.E4.B8.8E.E5.A4.B4.E9.9F.B3.E6.B3.95.E5.88.99"></span>流音现象与头音法则</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节:流音现象与头音法则"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%AD%E9%9F%B3%E8%A6%8F%E5%89%87" class="mw-redirect" title="頭音規則">頭音規則</a></div> <p>流音「ㄹ(r)」不出现在词首或句首,並在流音前添加母音或者将其转换做其他声母,这种现象被称做流音现象。 </p><p>朝鲜语中有相似的現象,所有的固有词(除了拟声词)的首字都不以流音「ㄹ(r)」做声母,所以当韩国人用汉字构词的时候,含有声韵母组合「ㄴ-이(n-i)」以及声母「ㄹ(r)」的汉字也不能出现词首与句首,需要对其进行适当的转化以後才能出现在词首与句首。这种转换规则的称为头音法则。對一些複合詞中的後續部分亦適用此規則。 </p><p>(注意:以下规则全部不适用於在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國">朝鮮民主主義人民共和國</a>(北韓)使用的朝鲜语,即全部不变化。) </p><p>声韵母组合「ㄴ-이(n-i)」的转换 </p> <dl><dd>当声母「ㄴ(n)」与「이」或与含有介音「이」的复合母音(包括야、여、유、요、예)组合的时候,声母「ㄴ(n)」脱落。</dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd><table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>漢字</th> <th>朝鮮</th> <th>韓國 </th></tr> <tr> <td lang="ko"><span lang="ko">女子</span> </td> <td lang="ko">녀자</td> <td lang="ko">여자 </td></tr> <tr> <td lang="ko"><span lang="ko">年歲</span> </td> <td lang="ko">년세</td> <td lang="ko">연세 </td></tr> <tr> <td lang="ko"><span lang="ko">紐帶</span> </td> <td lang="ko">뉴대</td> <td lang="ko">유대 </td></tr> <tr> <td lang="ko"><span lang="ko">尿素</span> </td> <td lang="ko">뇨소</td> <td lang="ko">요소 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="ko">空念佛</span> </td> <td>공념불 </td> <td>공염불 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="ko">男尊女卑</span> </td> <td>남존녀비 </td> <td>남존여비 </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>声母「ㄹ」的转换 </p> <dl><dd>当含有声母「ㄹ」的汉字在合成词中做首字的时候,声母转换成「ㄴ」。</dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd><table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>漢字</th> <th>朝鮮</th> <th>韓國</th> <th>中文解釋 </th></tr> <tr> <td lang="ko"><span lang="ko">螺旋</span> </td> <td lang="ko">라선</td> <td lang="ko">나선</td> <td>螺旋 </td></tr> <tr> <td lang="ko"><span lang="ko">勞動</span> </td> <td lang="ko">로동</td> <td lang="ko">노동</td> <td>勞動 </td></tr> <tr> <td lang="ko"><span lang="ko">漏落</span> </td> <td lang="ko">루락</td> <td lang="ko">누락</td> <td>遺漏 </td></tr> <tr> <td lang="ko"><span lang="ko">拉致</span> </td> <td lang="ko">랍치</td> <td lang="ko">납치</td> <td>劫持 </td></tr> <tr> <td lang="ko"><span lang="ko">錄音</span> </td> <td lang="ko">록음</td> <td lang="ko">녹음</td> <td>錄音 </td></tr> <tr> <td lang="ko"><span lang="ko">弄談</span> </td> <td lang="ko">롱담</td> <td lang="ko">농담</td> <td>玩笑話 </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd>当声母「ㄹ」与「이」或与含有介音「이」的复合母音(야、여、유、요、예)组合的时候,声母「ㄹ」(转换成「ㄴ」,然後再)脱落。</dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd><table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>漢字</th> <th>朝鮮</th> <th>韓國</th> <th>中文解釋 </th></tr> <tr> <td lang="ko"><span lang="ko">利得</span> </td> <td lang="ko">리득</td> <td lang="ko">이득</td> <td>得利 </td></tr> <tr> <td lang="ko"><span lang="ko">良心</span> </td> <td lang="ko">량심</td> <td lang="ko">양심</td> <td>良心 </td></tr> <tr> <td lang="ko"><span lang="ko">旅券</span> </td> <td lang="ko">려권</td> <td lang="ko">여권</td> <td>護照 </td></tr> <tr> <td lang="ko"><span lang="ko">流暢</span> </td> <td lang="ko">류창</td> <td lang="ko">유창</td> <td>流暢 </td></tr> <tr> <td lang="ko"><span lang="ko">料理</span> </td> <td lang="ko">료리</td> <td lang="ko">요리</td> <td>料理 </td></tr> <tr> <td lang="ko"><span lang="ko">禮節</span> </td> <td lang="ko">례절</td> <td lang="ko">예절</td> <td>禮節 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="ko">熱力學</span> </td> <td>열력학 </td> <td>열역학 </td> <td>熱力學 </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd>当前字无韵尾或者韵尾是「<span lang="ko">ㄴ</span>」的时候,<span lang="ko">「렬」、「률」</span>转化成<span lang="ko">「열」、「율」</span>。</dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd><table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>漢字</th> <th>朝鮮</th> <th>韓國 </th></tr> <tr> <td lang="ko"><span lang="ko">規律</span> </td> <td lang="ko">규률</td> <td lang="ko">규율 </td></tr> <tr> <td lang="ko"><span lang="ko">比率</span> </td> <td lang="ko">비률</td> <td lang="ko">비율 </td></tr> <tr> <td lang="ko"><span lang="ko">先烈</span> </td> <td lang="ko">선렬</td> <td lang="ko">선열 </td></tr> <tr> <td lang="ko"><span lang="ko">法律</span> </td> <td colspan="2" lang="ko">법률 </td></tr> <tr> <td lang="ko"><span lang="ko">行列</span> </td> <td colspan="2" lang="ko">행렬 </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>(以下规则部分适用於在朝鮮民主主義人民共和國使用的朝鲜语) </p><p>声母组合「<span lang="ko">ㄴㄹ</span>」、「<span lang="ko">ㄹㄴ</span>」及「<span lang="ko">ㄴㄴ</span>」的转换 </p> <dl><dd>当前字韵尾是「<span lang="ko">ㄴ</span>」,後字声母是「<span lang="ko">ㄹ</span>」的时候,或者当前字韵尾是「<span lang="ko">ㄹ</span>」,後字声母是「<span lang="ko">ㄴ</span>」的时候,读成「<span lang="ko">ㄹㄹ</span>」。</dd></dl> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>寫法</th> <th>拼音</th> <th>讀音</th> <th>拼音 </th> <th>漢字 </th> <th>備註 </th></tr> <tr lang="ko"> <td>연락</td> <td>yŏ<b>nr</b>ak </td> <td>열락</td> <td>yŏ<b>ll</b>ak </td> <td><span lang="ko">連絡</span> </td> <td>在北朝鮮寫作<span lang="ko">련락</span>(ryŏ<b>nr</b>ak),讀作<span lang="ko">렬락</span> (ryŏ<b>ll</b>ak) </td></tr> <tr> <td>신라 </td> <td>Si<b>nr</b>a </td> <td>실라 </td> <td>Si<b>ll</b>a </td> <td><span lang="ko"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%BE%85" class="mw-redirect" title="新羅">新羅</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr lang="ko"> <td>실내</td> <td>si<b>ln</b>ae</td> <td>실래</td> <td>si<b>ll</b>ae </td> <td><span lang="ko">室內</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr lang="ko"> <td>물난리</td> <td>mu<b>ln</b>a<b>nr</b>i</td> <td>물랄리</td> <td>mu<b>ll</b>a<b>ll</b>i </td> <td><span lang="ko">물亂離</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr lang="ko"> <td>대관령</td> <td>Daegwa<b>nr</b>yŏng</td> <td>대괄령</td> <td>Daegwa<b>ll</b>yŏng </td> <td><span lang="ko">大關嶺</span> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <dl><dd>当汉字语出现「<span lang="ko">ㄴㄴ</span>」,而被读成「<span lang="ko">ㄹㄹ</span>」的时候,韓國標準語里面会将其写成「<span lang="ko">ㄴㄹ</span>」,而朝鮮文化語仍保留「<span lang="ko">ㄴㄴ</span>」寫法。</dd></dl> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>朝鮮寫法</th> <th>韓國寫法</th> <th>讀音</th> <th>拼音 </th> <th>漢字 </th></tr> <tr lang="ko"> <td>곤난</td> <td>곤란</td> <td>골란</td> <td>ko<b>ll</b>an </td> <td><span lang="ko">困難</span> </td></tr> <tr lang="ko"> <td>한나산</td> <td>한라산</td> <td>할라산</td> <td>Ha<b>ll</b>asan </td> <td><span lang="ko"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%8B%8F%E5%B1%B1" title="漢拏山">漢拏山</a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <dl><dd>但當三字詞語中,前二字修飾第三字且前字韻尾為「<span lang="ko">ㄴ</span>」,後字聲母是「<span lang="ko">ㄹ</span>」的時候,「<span lang="ko">ㄹ</span>」發生鼻音化,讀成「<span lang="ko">ㄴㄴ</span>」。</dd></dl> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>寫法</th> <th>拼音</th> <th>讀音</th> <th>拼音 </th> <th>漢字 </th></tr> <tr lang="ko"> <td>생산량</td> <td>saengsa<b>nr</b>yang </td> <td>생산냥</td> <td>saengsa<b>nn</b>yang </td> <td><span lang="ko">生産量</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>의견란 </td> <td>ŭigyŏ<b>nr</b>an </td> <td>의견난 </td> <td>ŭigyŏ<b>nn</b>an </td> <td><span lang="ko">意見欄</span> </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="語法"><span id=".E8.AA.9E.E6.B3.95"></span>語法</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节:語法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="韩语语法">韓語語法</a></div> <p>韩语是一种<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E7%9D%80%E8%AF%AD" title="黏着语">黏着语</a>,主要依靠词尾的变化来表现其文法关系。文法结构是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E5%AE%BE%E8%B0%93%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" class="mw-redirect" title="主宾谓结构">主宾谓结构</a>(<a href="/wiki/SOV" class="mw-redirect" title="SOV">SOV</a>)。修飾語在被修飾的詞之前。句子可以不符合主賓謂的結構,但必須以謂語(動詞)結尾。韓語中,動詞形態變化決定於時態及以談話者之間的關係。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="词汇"><span id=".E8.AF.8D.E6.B1.87"></span>词汇</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节:词汇"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>根据词汇的来源,朝鲜语的词汇可以分為固有詞、漢字詞、外來詞和混種詞。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="固有词"><span id=".E5.9B.BA.E6.9C.89.E8.AF.8D"></span>固有词</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节:固有词"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E6%9C%89%E8%A9%9E" title="固有詞">固有词</a>(<span>朝鮮語:<span title="諺文表記"><span lang="ko">고유어</span></span><small>/</small><span title="漢字(諺漢混用)表記"><span lang="ko">固有語</span></span><sup></sup></span>)是朝鲜语本身就有的词汇,这些词汇多是日常生活中常用的动、名词,比如动词「<span lang="ko">가다</span>(去)」、 名词「밤(晚上)」等;以及一些具象的名词,比如「<span lang="ko">나무</span>(树)」、「<span lang="ko">물</span>(水)」等。另外韩国语有一些从汉语和日語演變的固有詞,如有学者认为「<span lang="ko">절</span>(寺)」來自漢語「刹」字。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="汉字词"><span id=".E6.B1.89.E5.AD.97.E8.AF.8D"></span>汉字词</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节:汉字词"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E8%AA%9E" title="漢字語">汉字语</a>(<span>朝鮮語:<span title="諺文表記"><span lang="ko">한자어</span></span><small>/</small><span title="漢字(諺漢混用)表記"><span lang="ko">漢字語</span></span><sup></sup></span>)是借用汉字的涵义组合成词汇,然後再用朝鲜语来念汉字写成的词。这类词汇在朝鲜语中占的比例很大,十分重要。這是因为朝鲜语中相当多的抽象概念或者现代事物需要藉汉字词来表达。 </p><p>朝鲜语汉字词除了来自古汉语以外,还有相当大的一部分是近代从日語的<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E8%A3%BD%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" title="和製漢語">和製漢語</a>中吸收的,这些词汇大多数用来表达现代事物或概念,比如: </p> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>漢字</th> <th>日語</th> <th>韓語</th> <th>現代標準漢語 </th></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="ko">社會</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">しゃかい</span> <i>shakai</i></td> <td><span lang="ko">사회</span> <i>sahoe</i></td> <td>shèhuì </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="ko">民主</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">みんしゅ</span> <i>minshu</i></td> <td><span lang="ko">민주</span> <i>minju</i></td> <td>mínzhǔ </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <p>在吸收日語汉字词的时候,朝鲜语完全按照朝鲜语的汉字音来读,所以日語使用训读音的汉字词也一概的用朝鲜语汉字音读出,例如: </p> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>漢字</th> <th>日語</th> <th>韓語</th> <th>現代標準漢語 </th></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="ko">取消</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">とりけし</span> <i>torikeshi</i></td> <td><span lang="ko">취소</span> 'chwiso<i></i></td> <td>qǔxiāo </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="ko">割引</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">わりびき</span> <i>waribiki</i></td> <td><span lang="ko">할인</span> <i>harin</i></td> <td>gēyǐn </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="ko">荷物</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">にもつ</span> <i>nimotsu</i></td> <td><span lang="ko">하물</span> <i>hamul</i></td> <td>hèwù </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <p>除了从古汉语和日本语吸收汉字词以外,朝鲜语也有为数不多的自制汉字词,例如: </p> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>漢字</th> <th>韓語</th> <th>意義 </th></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="ko">未安</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">미안</span> <i>mian</i></td> <td>抱歉 </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="外来词"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E6.9D.A5.E8.AF.8D"></span>外来词</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节:外来词"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>外来词(<span>朝鮮語:<span title="諺文表記"><span lang="ko">외래어</span></span><small>/</small><span title="漢字(諺漢混用)表記"><span lang="ko">外來語</span></span><sup></sup></span>)是在朝鲜语中,所有不能转换成汉字书写的非固有词(混合词除外)都算<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E6%9D%A5%E8%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="外来词">外来词</a>。这些词汇在二战以後迅速增加,其中又以英语的辞汇为最多。 </p><p>可是,即使一樣是英語詞,朝鮮半島南北的音譯方法也可能有所不同,例如: </p> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>英語</th> <th>韓國標準語</th> <th>朝鮮文化語</th> <th>意義 </th></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="en">Canada</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">캐나다</span> <i>kaenada</i></td> <td><span lang="ko">카나다</span> <i>k'anada</i></td> <td>加拿大 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="en">computer</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">컴퓨터</span> <i>keompyuteo</i></td> <td><span lang="ko">콤퓨터</span> <i>k'omp'yut'ŏ</i></td> <td>電腦 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="en">television</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">텔레비전</span> <i>tellebijeon</i></td> <td><span lang="ko">텔레비죤</span> <i>t'ellebijon</i></td> <td>電視 </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <p>而且,朝鮮民主主義人民共和國由於政治原因,<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%88%98" class="mw-redirect" title="二战">二战</a>後吸收的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E6%9D%A5%E8%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="外来词">外来词</a>不少根據<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AF%AD" title="俄语">俄语</a>音譯,例如: </p> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>朝鮮文化語</th> <th>俄語</th> <th>韓國標準語</th> <th>英語</th> <th>意義 </th></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="ko">쁘로그람마</span> <i>ppŭrogŭramma</i></td> <td><span lang="ru">программа</span> <i>programma</i></td> <td><span lang="ko">프로그램</span> <i>peurogeuraem</i></td> <td>program</td> <td>程式 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="ko">먄마</span> <i>myanma</i></td> <td><span lang="ru">Мьянма</span> <i>mʹyanma</i></td> <td><span lang="ko">미얀마</span> <i>miyanma</i></td> <td>Myanmar</td> <td>緬甸 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="ko">로씨야</span> <i>rossiya</i></td> <td><span lang="ru">Россия</span> <i>rossiya</i></td> <td><span lang="ko">러시아</span> <i>reosia</i></td> <td>Russia</td> <td>俄羅斯 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="ko">땅크</span> <i>ttangk'ŭ</i></td> <td><span lang="ru">танк</span> <i>tank</i></td> <td><span lang="ko">탱크</span> <i>taengkeu</i></td> <td>tank</td> <td>坦克 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="ko">까야크</span> <i>kkayak'ŭ</i></td> <td><span lang="ru">Кая́к</span> <i>kayak</i></td> <td><span lang="ko">카약</span> <i>kayak</i></td> <td>kayak</td> <td>皮艇 </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <p>朝鲜语的外来词多為直接传入,但是也有少数是藉由日语传入的,比如: </p> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>韓語</th> <th>日語</th> <th>語源</th> <th>意義 </th></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="ko">빵</span> <i>ppang</i></td> <td><span lang="ja">パン</span> <i>pan</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E8%AA%9E" title="葡萄牙語">葡萄牙語</a> 「<span lang="pt">pão</span>」</td> <td>麵包 </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="混種词"><span id=".E6.B7.B7.E7.A8.AE.E8.AF.8D"></span>混種词</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节:混種词"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E8%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="混合词">混合词</a>(<span>朝鮮語:<span title="諺文表記"><span lang="ko">혼종어</span></span><small>/</small><span title="漢字(諺漢混用)表記"><span lang="ko">混種語</span></span><sup></sup></span>)是以上三种词中,至少兩種的混合型。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文字"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.AD.97"></span>文字</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=19" 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:auto"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hangul,_Hanja.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Hangul%2C_Hanja.png/130px-Hangul%2C_Hanja.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Hangul%2C_Hanja.png 1.5x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="192" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">朝鲜语</a>书写系统</th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:110%; padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BA%E6%96%87" title="諺文">諺文</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%93%E6%B0%91%E6%AD%A3%E9%9F%B3" title="訓民正音">訓民正音</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%AB%BA%E6%96%87" title="古諺文">古諺文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BA%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="諺文字母列表">諺文字母列表</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:110%; padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" title="朝鮮漢字">漢字</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%84%89%E6%9C%AD" title="鄉札">鄉札</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A3%E8%A8%A3_(%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E)" title="口訣 (朝鮮語)">口訣</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8F%E8%AE%80" title="吏讀">吏讀</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%96%87%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E7%94%A8%E5%9F%BA%E7%A4%8E%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" title="漢文教育用基礎漢字">教育用漢字</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:110%; padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AB%BA%E6%B7%B7%E5%AF%AB" title="漢諺混寫">韓漢混用文</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:110%; padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E8%AA%9E%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%AD%97%E8%A1%A8%E8%A8%98%E6%B3%95" title="韓語羅馬字表記法">拉丁化</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%A7%91%E6%81%A9-%E8%B3%B4%E8%82%96%E7%88%BE%E8%A1%A8%E8%A8%98%E6%B3%95" title="馬科恩-賴肖爾表記法">馬科恩-賴肖爾表記法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E8%A7%82%E5%85%89%E9%83%A82000%E5%B9%B4%E5%BC%8F" title="文化观光部2000年式">文化观光部2000年式</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E9%AD%AF%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="耶魯拼音">耶魯拼音</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Korean_writing" title="Template:Korean writing"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Korean_writing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Korean writing(页面不存在)"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Korean_writing" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Korean writing"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BA%E6%96%87" title="諺文">諺文</a></div> <p>公元15世纪以前,朝鲜王朝的士大夫阶层通行汉文,并有辅助阅读、记录朝鲜语发音或语法的<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8F%E8%AE%80" title="吏讀">吏读</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%A1%E6%9C%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="乡札">乡札</a>等基于汉字之书写手段,但并没有独立记录朝鲜语的文字。由于<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鲜语">朝鲜语</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="汉语">汉语</a>分属完全不同的语系,使用汉字来记录朝鲜语是一件很不容易的事。加之一般百姓不懂得如何阅读<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="汉文">汉文</a>,导致了文化交流与发展的不便<sup id="cite_ref-xunmin_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xunmin-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。为解决朝鲜民族文字书写的问题,<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="朝鲜王朝">朝鲜王朝</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E5%AE%97%E5%A4%A7%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="世宗大王">世宗大王</a>于1443年组织一批学者创造了适合标记朝鲜语语音的文字体系--<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BA%E6%96%87" title="諺文">諺文</a>。当时称作“<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%AD%E6%B0%91%E6%AD%A3%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="训民正音">训民正音</a>”<sup id="cite_ref-xunmin_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xunmin-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。諺文的发明推动了<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="朝鲜半岛">朝鲜半岛</a>在政治、经济、文化等诸多领域的发展,世宗大王也得到了后世<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鲜族">朝鲜族</a>人民的爱戴<sup id="cite_ref-xunmin_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xunmin-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="字母"><span id=".E5.AD.97.E6.AF.8D"></span>字母</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节:字母"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E8%AA%9E%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="韓語字母">韓語字母</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见:<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BA%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="諺文字母列表">諺文字母列表</a></div> <p>最初创制的二十八个基础字母,这二十八个字母分别如下: </p> <table align="center" cellpadding="8" style="font-size:larger;"> <caption style="font-size:smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%85%E9%9F%B3" title="辅音">辅音</a>部分 </caption> <tbody><tr align="center"> <td><span lang="ko">ㄱ</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㄴ</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㄷ</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㄹ</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅁ</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅂ</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅅ</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅇ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="ko">ㅈ</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅊ</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅋ</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅌ</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅍ</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅎ</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅿ</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㆁ</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㆆ</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table align="center" cellpadding="8" style="font-size:larger;"> <caption style="font-size:smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="元音">元音</a>部分 </caption> <tbody><tr align="center"> <td><span lang="ko">ㆍ</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅏ</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅑ</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅓ</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅕ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="ko">ㅗ</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅛ</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅜ</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅠ</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅡ</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅣ</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>但是随着朝鲜语音韵结构的变化,有四个音消失,於是今天使用的基础字母只有二十四个。这二十四个基础字母相互组合就构成了今天朝鮮文字母表的四十个字母。 </p> <table align="center" cellpadding="8" style="font-size:larger;"> <caption style="font-size:smaller;">韓文字母表子音部分 </caption> <tbody><tr align="center"> <td><span lang="ko">ㄱ</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㄲ</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㄴ</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㄷ</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㄸ</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㄹ</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅁ</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅂ</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅃ</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span lang="ko">ㅅ</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅆ</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅇ</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅈ</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅉ</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅊ</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅋ</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅌ</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅍ</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅎ</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table align="center" cellpadding="8" style="font-size:larger;"> <caption style="font-size:smaller;">韓文字母表母音部分 </caption> <tbody><tr align="center"> <td><b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83933911">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red"><span lang="ko">ㅏ ㅐ ㅑ ㅒ ㅓ ㅔ ㅕ ㅖ</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue"><span lang="ko">ㅗ</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green"><span lang="ko">ㅘ ㅙ ㅚ</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue"><span lang="ko">ㅛ ㅜ</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green"><span lang="ko"> ㅝ ㅞ ㅟ</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue"><span lang="ko">ㅠ ㅡ</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green"><span lang="ko">ㅢ</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red"><span lang="ko">ㅣ</span></span></b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>红色字母是<b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">竖立类</span></b>,蓝色字母是<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue"><b>躺卧类</b></span>,绿色字母是<b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green">复合类</span></b>。母音字母所属的类别对组字时候选用何种规则有着很大的關係。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="组字规则"><span id=".E7.BB.84.E5.AD.97.E8.A7.84.E5.88.99"></span>组字规则</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节:组字规则"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>諺文组字的时候以音节为单位,一个音节组成一个朝鮮字,每个字的部件排列遵循「从左到右,自上而下」这两个基本规则。朝鲜语的音节由初声子音(声母)、中声母音(韵母)和终声子音(韵尾)三个部分组成。在语言的实际应用中,有的音节备全了三个部分;有的音节只有声母和韵母,没有韵尾;而有的音节没有声母,却有韵母和韵尾;更有甚者只有韵母。 </p> <ul><li><b>声母-韵母</b>的音节:根据母音字母所属的种类不同,组字的规则分做三种</li></ul> <table align="center" cellpadding="8" style="font-size:larger;"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <td>子音字母添加在<span style="color: red">竖立类</span>母音字母的左边(从左到右) </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stand_ha_hi_he.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Stand_ha_hi_he.PNG" decoding="async" width="246" height="88" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="246" data-file-height="88" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>子音字母添加在<span style="color: blue">躺卧类</span>母音字母的上方(自上而下) </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lay_ho_heu_hu.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Lay_ho_heu_hu.PNG" decoding="async" width="244" height="88" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="244" data-file-height="88" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>子音字母添加在<span style="color: green">复合类</span>母音字母的左上方 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cp_hoa_heui_hue.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/Cp_hoa_heui_hue.PNG" decoding="async" width="246" height="88" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="246" data-file-height="88" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><b>只有韵母</b>的音节:用不念声的子音字母「<span lang="ko">ㅇ</span>」充当音节的声母部分。然後根据声母-韵母的音节的组字规则组字</li></ul> <table align="center" cellpadding="8" lang="zh" style="font-size:larger;"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:0_o_a_wa.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/0_o_a_wa.PNG" decoding="async" width="204" height="76" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="204" data-file-height="76" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><b>有韵尾</b>的音节:韵尾字母一律添加在「声母韵母结合体」的正下方</li></ul> <table align="center" cellpadding="8" lang="zh" style="font-size:larger;"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hak_hok_hoak.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Hak_hok_hoak.PNG" decoding="async" width="197" height="77" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="197" data-file-height="77" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="地理分布与方言"><span id=".E5.9C.B0.E7.90.86.E5.88.86.E5.B8.83.E4.B8.8E.E6.96.B9.E8.A8.80"></span>地理分布与方言</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节:地理分布与方言"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="朝鮮語方言">朝鮮語方言</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%93%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="大韓民國標準語">大韓民國標準語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E8%AA%9E" title="文化語">文化語</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E" title="中國朝鮮語">中國朝鮮語</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Korean_dialect_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Korean_dialect_map.png/220px-Korean_dialect_map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="357" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Korean_dialect_map.png/330px-Korean_dialect_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Korean_dialect_map.png/440px-Korean_dialect_map.png 2x" data-file-width="2458" data-file-height="3990" /></a><figcaption>朝鮮半島的韓語七大方言地圖</figcaption></figure> <p>韩语的使用者绝大多数聚集在东亚的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%A9%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="大韩民国">韓國</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国">朝鮮</a>。朝鲜语在这两个国家不仅是国语,而且这两个国家的朝鲜语使用者占了全球朝鲜语使用者的90%以上。在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中国</a>东北部的<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E6%9E%97%E7%9C%81" title="吉林省">吉林省</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E9%BE%99%E6%B1%9F%E7%9C%81" title="黑龙江省">黑龙江省</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BD%E5%AE%81%E7%9C%81" title="辽宁省">辽宁省</a>,居住着大约近两百万的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="中国朝鲜族">中国朝鮮族</a>,现在朝鮮语是中国吉林省<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%B6%E8%BE%B9%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%B7%9E" title="延边朝鲜族自治州">延边朝鮮族自治州</a>的两种官方语言之一(另外一种是汉语<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="普通話">普通話</a>)。在黑龙江省也有中国唯一的一个省级朝鮮语广播电台。在<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>,由於历史的原因,居住着大约七十万的韩裔。朝鲜语虽然在日本不是官方语言,但是很多<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E8%A3%94%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="韩裔日本人">韩裔日本人</a>都会说朝鲜语。此外在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="美洲">美洲</a>,还有大约有一百六十六万来自韩国的移民。 </p><p>韩语的方言根据行政区域可以分做七种。除了<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%8E%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="济州">济州</a>方言以外,邻近的方言大都能够通话,但是跨区之间的方言通话就有些困难(比如南方<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%86%E5%B0%9A%E9%81%93" title="庆尚道">庆尚道</a>方言跟北方<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%B8%E9%95%9C%E9%81%93" title="咸镜道">咸镜道</a>方言)。 </p> <ol><li>西北方言,今天朝鮮官方語言<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="文化语">文化语</a>(朝鲜)宣稱建立在该方言平壤话之上,實際上仍是以京畿道方言作為基礎,只是略微加上些平壤詞彙而已,平安道方言的發音特點和語法特點基本沒有在文化語中體現出來 <sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。通行区域在朝鲜的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%A3%A4%E5%B8%82" title="平壤市">平壤市</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%AE%89%E5%8C%97%E9%81%93" title="平安北道">平安北道</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%AE%89%E5%8D%97%E9%81%93" title="平安南道">平安南道</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%85%88%E6%B1%9F%E9%81%93" title="慈江道">慈江道</a>大部,以及<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="中國">中國</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%BC%E5%AF%A7%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="遼寧省">遼寧省</a>的朝鮮族群。也称平安道方言。</li> <li>东北方言,通行区域在朝鲜的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%A4%E6%B1%9F%E9%81%93" title="两江道">两江道</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%B8%E9%95%9C%E5%8C%97%E9%81%93" title="咸镜北道">咸镜北道</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%B8%E9%95%9C%E5%8D%97%E9%81%93" title="咸镜南道">咸镜南道</a>的大部份地區以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%85%88%E6%B1%9F%E9%81%93" title="慈江道">慈江道</a>东面的一小部分地区,以及中國<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E6%9E%97%E7%9C%81" title="吉林省">吉林省</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E9%BE%8D%E6%B1%9F%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="黑龍江省">黑龍江省</a>的朝鮮族群。也称咸镜道方言。</li> <li>中部方言,通行区域最广、使用人口最多的方言,今天<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="標準韓國語">标准韩国语</a>(大韓民國)就建立在该方言首爾(汉城)话之上,朝鮮的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E8%AA%9E" title="文化語">文化語</a>(朝鮮民主主義人民共和國)實際上也主要是以該方言的京畿道方言為基礎。在朝鲜,通行区域包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%9F%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="开城">开城市</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E6%B5%B7%E5%8C%97%E9%81%93" title="黄海北道">黄海北道</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E6%B5%B7%E5%8D%97%E9%81%93" title="黄海南道">黄海南道</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E5%8E%9F%E9%81%93_(%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B)" title="江原道 (朝鮮民主主義人民共和國)">江原道</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%B8%E9%95%9C%E5%8D%97%E9%81%93" title="咸镜南道">咸镜南道</a>南面的部分地区;在大韓民國,通行区域包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E5%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="首尔">首尔市</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%9F%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="汉城">汉城</a>)、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%81%E5%B7%9D%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="仁川市">仁川市</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E7%95%BF%E9%81%93" title="京畿道">京畿道</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%A0%E6%B8%85%E5%8D%97%E9%81%93" title="忠清南道">忠清南道</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%A0%E6%B8%85%E5%8C%97%E9%81%93" title="忠清北道">忠清北道</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E5%8E%9F%E9%81%93_(%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B)" class="mw-redirect" title="江原道 (韓國)">江原道</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%BD%97%E5%8C%97%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="全罗北道">全罗北道</a>西北面的一小部分地区。</li> <li>西南方言,通行区域包括大韓民國的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%B7%9E%E5%BB%A3%E5%9F%9F%E5%B8%82" title="光州廣域市">光州市</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%BE%85%E5%8D%97%E9%81%93" title="全羅南道">全罗南道</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%BD%97%E5%8C%97%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="全罗北道">全罗北道</a>的大部份地區。也称全罗道方言。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%86%E5%B0%9A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="庆尚方言">东南方言</a>,通行区域包括大韓民國的<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%9C%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="釜山">釜山市</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%82%B1%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="大邱市">大邱市</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%86%E5%B0%9A%E5%8D%97%E9%81%93" title="庆尚南道">庆尚南道</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%86%E5%B0%9A%E5%8C%97%E9%81%93" title="庆尚北道">庆尚北道</a>。是朝鲜语六种方言中唯一仍存留<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E8%B0%83" class="mw-redirect" title="声调">声调</a>的方言。也称庆尚道方言。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%9F%E5%B7%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="濟州語">济州方言</a>,通行区域在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%8E%E5%B7%9E%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="济州道">济州道</a>。该方言同其他六种方言差别极大,所以一般都无法跟朝鮮半島的人们通话。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E9%95%87%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="六镇方言">六鎮方言</a>,通行区域在<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%B8%E9%8F%A1%E5%8C%97%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="咸鏡北道">咸鏡北道</a>北部和<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%B6%E9%82%8A%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="延邊州">延邊州</a>東部。是朝鮮王朝征服咸鏡道時設的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97%E5%85%AD%E9%95%87" title="东北六镇">六個軍鎮</a>戍軍所操的語言,與其他韓語方言難以互通。</li></ol> <p>此外,由於文化接触方面,朝鲜语在不同地方的移民的语言亦产生变化。这些移民团体的方言大致如下: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E" title="在日朝鮮語">在日朝鲜语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="中国朝鲜语">中国朝鲜语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%A8%E7%BE%8E%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="在美朝鲜语(页面不存在)">在美朝鲜语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%BA%97%E8%AA%9E_(%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF)" title="高麗語 (蘇聯)">高丽语</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="俄国">俄国</a>人对<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%BA%97%E6%97%8F" title="高麗族">高丽人</a>所讲的语言的称呼)。</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="南北之间的语言差异"><span id=".E5.8D.97.E5.8C.97.E4.B9.8B.E9.97.B4.E7.9A.84.E8.AF.AD.E8.A8.80.E5.B7.AE.E5.BC.82"></span>南北之间的语言差异</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节:南北之间的语言差异"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="音韵与字母的差异"><span id=".E9.9F.B3.E9.9F.B5.E4.B8.8E.E5.AD.97.E6.AF.8D.E7.9A.84.E5.B7.AE.E5.BC.82"></span>音韵与字母的差异</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节:音韵与字母的差异"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="文字_2"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.AD.97_2"></span>文字</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节:文字"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>虽然「한글」的原义是「大字」的意思,但是<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國">朝鮮民主主義人民共和國</a>碍於「<span lang="ko">한글</span>」的「<span lang="ko">한</span>」跟「<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%93%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="大韓民國">大韓民國</a>(<span lang="ko">대한민국</span>)」的「<span lang="ko">한</span>」同音而将其改称做「<span lang="ko">조선글</span>」(<span lang="ko">朝鮮글</span>)。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="字母名"><span id=".E5.AD.97.E6.AF.8D.E5.90.8D"></span>字母名</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=26" title="编辑章节:字母名"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>朝鮮文化語与和韓國標準語对辅音字母的称呼也有明显的差异,其区别如下: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82553231">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output table.multicol>tr>td,.mw-parser-output table.multicol>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important;padding:0!important}}.mw-parser-output table.multicol{border:0;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;color:inherit;padding:0}.mw-parser-output table.multicol>tr>td,.mw-parser-output table.multicol>tbody>tr>td{vertical-align:top!important}</style> </p> <div> <table class="multicol" role="presentation" style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 50%;text-align: left;vertical-align: top;"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國"><span id=".E6.9C.9D.E9.AE.AE.E6.B0.91.E4.B8.BB.E4.B8.BB.E7.BE.A9.E4.BA.BA.E6.B0.91.E5.85.B1.E5.92.8C.E5.9C.8B"></span>朝鮮民主主義人民共和國</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=27" title="编辑章节:朝鮮民主主義人民共和國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span lang="ko">ㄱ 기<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">윽</span></span> <i><span class="Unicode">kiŭk</span></i></li> <li><span lang="ko">ㄲ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">된</span>기<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">윽</span></span> <i><span class="Unicode">toen'giŭk</span></i></li> <li><span lang="ko">ㄴ 니은</span> <i><span class="Unicode">niŭn</span></i></li> <li><span lang="ko">ㄷ 디<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">읃</span></span> <i><span class="Unicode">tiŭt</span></i></li> <li><span lang="ko">ㄸ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">된</span>디<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">읃</span></span> <i><span class="Unicode">toendiŭt</span></i></li> <li><span lang="ko">ㄹ 리을</span> <i><span class="Unicode">riŭl</span></i></li> <li><span lang="ko">ㅁ 미음</span> <i><span class="Unicode">miŭm</span></i></li> <li><span lang="ko">ㅂ 비읍</span> <i><span class="Unicode">piŭp</span></i></li> <li><span lang="ko">ㅃ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">된</span>비읍</span> <i><span class="Unicode">toenbiŭp</span></i></li> <li><span lang="ko">ㅅ 시읏</span> <i><span class="Unicode">siŭt</span></i></li> <li><span lang="ko">ㅆ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">된</span>시읏</span> <i><span class="Unicode">toensiŭt</span></i></li> <li><span lang="ko">ㅇ 이응</span> <i><span class="Unicode">iŭng</span></i></li> <li><span lang="ko">ㅈ 지읒</span> <i><span class="Unicode">chiŭt</span></i></li> <li><span lang="ko">ㅉ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">된</span>지읒</span> <i><span class="Unicode">toenjiŭt</span></i></li> <li><span lang="ko">ㅊ 치읓</span> <i><span class="Unicode">ch'iŭt</span></i></li> <li><span lang="ko">ㅋ 키읔</span> <i><span class="Unicode">k'iŭk</span></i></li> <li><span lang="ko">ㅌ 티읕</span> <i><span class="Unicode">t'iŭt</span></i></li> <li><span lang="ko">ㅍ 피읖</span> <i><span class="Unicode">p'iŭp</span></i></li> <li><span lang="ko">ㅎ 히읗</span> <i><span class="Unicode">h'iŭt</span></i></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td> <td style="width: 50%;text-align: left;vertical-align: top;"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="大韓民國"><span id=".E5.A4.A7.E9.9F.93.E6.B0.91.E5.9C.8B"></span>大韓民國</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=28" title="编辑章节:大韓民國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span lang="ko">ㄱ 기<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue">역</span></span> <i><span class="Unicode">giyeok</span></i></li> <li><span lang="ko">ㄲ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue">쌍</span>기<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue">역</span></span> <i><span class="Unicode">ssanggiyeok</span></i></li> <li><span lang="ko">ㄴ 니은</span> <i><span class="Unicode">nieun</span></i></li> <li><span lang="ko">ㄷ 디<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue">귿</span></span> <i><span class="Unicode">digeut</span></i></li> <li><span lang="ko">ㄸ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue">쌍</span>디<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue">귿</span></span> <i><span class="Unicode">ssangdigeut</span></i></li> <li><span lang="ko">ㄹ 리을</span> <i><span class="Unicode">rieul</span></i></li> <li><span lang="ko">ㅁ 미음</span> <i><span class="Unicode">mieum</span></i></li> <li><span lang="ko">ㅂ 비읍</span> <i><span class="Unicode">bieup</span></i></li> <li><span lang="ko">ㅃ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue">쌍</span>비읍</span> <i><span class="Unicode">ssangbieup</span></i></li> <li><span lang="ko">ㅅ 시옷</span> <i><span class="Unicode">siot</span></i></li> <li><span lang="ko">ㅆ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue">쌍</span>시옷</span> <i><span class="Unicode">ssangsiot</span></i></li> <li><span lang="ko">ㅇ 이응</span> <i><span class="Unicode">ieung</span></i></li> <li><span lang="ko">ㅈ 지읒</span> <i><span class="Unicode">jieut</span></i></li> <li><span lang="ko">ㅉ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue">쌍</span>지읒</span> <i><span class="Unicode">ssangjieut</span></i></li> <li><span lang="ko">ㅊ 치읓</span> <i><span class="Unicode">chieut</span></i></li> <li><span lang="ko">ㅋ 키읔</span> <i><span class="Unicode">kieuk</span></i></li> <li><span lang="ko">ㅌ 티읕</span> <i><span class="Unicode">tieut</span></i></li> <li><span lang="ko">ㅍ 피읖</span> <i><span class="Unicode">pieup</span></i></li> <li><span lang="ko">ㅎ 히읗</span> <i><span class="Unicode">hieut</span></i></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="字母表"><span id=".E5.AD.97.E6.AF.8D.E8.A1.A8"></span>字母表</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=29" title="编辑章节:字母表"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>除了文字名称上的差别以外,还有字母表顺序上的差别。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="子音"><span id=".E5.AD.90.E9.9F.B3"></span>子音</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=30" title="编辑章节:子音"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>韓國:<span lang="ko">ㄱ <b>ㄲ</b> ㄴ ㄷ <b>ㄸ</b> ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ <b>ㅃ</b> ㅅ <b>ㅆ</b> <b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue">ㅇ</span></b> ㅈ <b>ㅉ</b> ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ</span></dd> <dd>朝鮮:<span lang="ko">ㄱ ㄴ ㄷ ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ ㅅ <b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">ㅇ</span></b> ㅈ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ <b>ㄲ ㄸ ㅃ ㅆ ㅉ</b> <b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">ㅇ</span></b></span></dd></dl> <p>韩国将「<span lang="ko">ㄲ、ㄸ、ㅃ、ㅆ、ㅉ</span>」这5个紧音字母排列在与它们相对的鬆音的後面;朝鲜则将它们重新排列後放在字母「<span lang="ko">ㅎ</span>」的後面。 </p><p>韩国将不发音的字母「<span lang="ko">ㅇ</span>」与做韵尾(<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ŋ/</span>)的「<span lang="ko">ㅇ</span>」当作同一个字母,并且只在字母表中出现一次;朝鲜则仍然保留二十八个字母时期的习惯,将做韵尾(<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ŋ/</span>)的「<span lang="ko">ㅇ</span>」排列在「<span lang="ko">ㅅ</span>」後,将不发音的字母「<span lang="ko">ㅇ</span>」排在字母表的最後,所以字母「<span lang="ko">ㅇ</span>」在字母表中出现了两次。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="母音"><span id=".E6.AF.8D.E9.9F.B3"></span>母音</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=31" title="编辑章节:母音"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>韓國:<span lang="ko">ㅏ <b>ㅐ</b> ㅑ <b>ㅒ</b> ㅓ <b>ㅔ</b> ㅕ <b>ㅖ</b> ㅗ <b>ㅘ</b> <b>ㅙ</b> <b>ㅚ</b> ㅛ ㅜ <b>ㅝ</b> <b>ㅞ</b> <b>ㅟ</b> ㅠ ㅡ <b>ㅢ</b> ㅣ</span></dd> <dd>朝鮮:<span lang="ko">ㅏ ㅑ ㅓ ㅕ ㅗ ㅛ ㅜ ㅠ ㅡ ㅣ <b>ㅐ</b> <b>ㅒ</b> <b>ㅔ</b> <b>ㅖ</b> <b>ㅚ</b> <b>ㅟ</b> <b>ㅢ</b> <b>ㅘ</b> <b>ㅝ</b> <b>ㅙ</b> <b>ㅞ</b></span></dd></dl> <p>韩国根据字母基础音归类的法则排列复合韵母,比如「<span lang="ko">ㅐ</span>/ɛ/ <span lang="ko">ㅑ</span>/ja/ <span lang="ko">ㅒ</span>/jɛ/」的基础音是「ㅏ/a/」,所以依序排列到单韵母「<span lang="ko">ㅏ</span>/a/」的後面,又如「<span lang="ko">ㅝ</span>/wʌ/ <span lang="ko">ㅞ</span>/we/ <span lang="ko">ㅟ</span>/wi/ <span lang="ko">ㅠ</span>/ju/」的基础音是「<span lang="ko">ㅜ</span>/u/」,所以这些字母也依序排列到单韵母「<span lang="ko">ㅜ</span>/u/」的後面;朝鲜的排序則不遵此规则。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="词汇与文法的差异"><span id=".E8.AF.8D.E6.B1.87.E4.B8.8E.E6.96.87.E6.B3.95.E7.9A.84.E5.B7.AE.E5.BC.82"></span>词汇与文法的差异</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=32" title="编辑章节:词汇与文法的差异"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国">朝</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%A9%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="大韩民国">韓</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="朝鲜语系">朝鲜语</a>间的差异主要体现在用词上。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="用詞差異"><span id=".E7.94.A8.E8.A9.9E.E5.B7.AE.E7.95.B0"></span>用詞差異</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=33" title="编辑章节:用詞差異"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>中文 </th> <th>朝鮮文化語 </th> <th>韓國標準語 </th></tr> <tr> <td>衛生間/洗手間 </td> <td><span lang="ko">위생실</span>(<span lang="ko">衛生室</span>) </td> <td><span lang="ko">화장실</span>(<span lang="ko">化粧室</span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>朋友 </td> <td><span lang="ko">동무</span>(<span lang="ko">同務</span>) </td> <td><span lang="ko">친구</span>(<span lang="ko">親舊</span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>公務人員 </td> <td><span lang="ko">정무원</span>(<span lang="ko">政務員</span>) </td> <td><span lang="ko">공무원</span>(<span lang="ko">公務員</span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>玉米 </td> <td><span lang="ko">강냉이</span>(<span lang="ko">江냉이</span>)<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </td> <td><span lang="ko">옥수수</span>(<span lang="ko">玉수수</span>)<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>破壞 </td> <td><span lang="ko">마스다</span> </td> <td><span lang="ko">부수다</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>小學 </td> <td><span lang="ko">소학교</span>(<span lang="ko">小學校</span>) </td> <td><span lang="ko">초등학교</span>(<span lang="ko">初等學校</span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>郵局 </td> <td><span lang="ko">우편국</span>(<span lang="ko">郵便局</span>) </td> <td><span lang="ko">우체국</span>(<span lang="ko">郵遞局</span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>便宜 </td> <td><span lang="ko">눅다</span> </td> <td>(<span lang="ko">값</span>)<span lang="ko">싸다</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>網咖 </td> <td><span lang="ko">첨단기술봉사소</span>(<span lang="ko">尖端技術奉仕所</span>) </td> <td><span lang="ko">PC방</span>(<span lang="ko">PC房</span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>鵝 </td> <td><span lang="ko">게사니</span> </td> <td><span lang="ko">거위</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>肛門 </td> <td><span lang="ko">홍문</span>(<span lang="ko">홍門</span>) </td> <td><span lang="ko">항문</span>(<span lang="ko">肛門</span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>長崎蛋糕 </td> <td><span lang="ko">설기과자</span>(<span lang="ko">설기菓子</span>) </td> <td><span lang="ko">카스텔라</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>高麗菜 </td> <td><span lang="ko">가두배추</span> </td> <td><span lang="ko">양배추</span>(<span lang="ko">洋배추</span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>拔河 </td> <td><span lang="ko">바줄당기기</span> </td> <td><span lang="ko">줄다리기</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>油漆 </td> <td><span lang="ko">뼁끼</span> </td> <td><span lang="ko">페인트</span><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>糖衣錠 </td> <td><span lang="ko">사탕알약</span>(<span lang="ko">砂糖알藥</span>) </td> <td><span lang="ko">당의정</span>(<span lang="ko">糖衣錠</span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>漢藥 </td> <td><span lang="ko">동약</span>(<span lang="ko">東藥</span>) </td> <td><span lang="ko">한약</span>(<span lang="ko">漢藥</span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>玉春糖 </td> <td><span lang="ko">색구슬사탕</span>(<span lang="ko">色구슬砂糖</span>) </td> <td><span lang="ko">옥춘당</span>(<span lang="ko">玉春糖</span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>12碼罰球 </td> <td><span lang="ko">11메터벌차기</span> </td> <td><span lang="ko">페널티 킥</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>胸口停球 </td> <td><span lang="ko">가슴 몸추기</span> </td> <td><span lang="ko">가슴 트래핑</span> </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="漢字詞使用"><span id=".E6.BC.A2.E5.AD.97.E8.A9.9E.E4.BD.BF.E7.94.A8"></span>漢字詞使用</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=34" title="编辑章节:漢字詞使用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>大韓民國标准语中有大量的汉字词(约占总词汇量的60%左右),较北朝鮮的文化语更多。但在實際使用中,除了极少数的常用汉字词之外,其他汉字词一般只在书面或正式場合使用。同時,由于北朝鮮从20世纪50年代初期就开始全面废除汉字,其“文化语”为避免废除汉字后造成的汉字词同音异义问题而大量使用固有词语代替汉字词,而韩国的标准语则更倾向于通过从<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语">英语</a>中引入<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E6%9D%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="外来语">外来语</a>的方式来降低同音汉字词的出现频率。 </p> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>中文 </th> <th>朝鮮文化語 </th> <th>韓國標準語 </th></tr> <tr> <td>洪水 </td> <td><span lang="ko">큰물</span> </td> <td><span lang="ko">홍수</span>(<span lang="ko">洪水</span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>经痛 </td> <td><span lang="ko">달거리아픔</span> </td> <td><span lang="ko">월경통</span>(<span lang="ko">月經痛</span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>食道 </td> <td><span lang="ko">밥길</span> </td> <td><span lang="ko">식도</span>(<span lang="ko">食道</span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>老花眼 </td> <td><span lang="ko">늙은눈</span> </td> <td><span lang="ko">노안</span>(<span lang="ko">老眼</span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>退燒藥 </td> <td><span lang="ko">열내림약</span>(<span lang="ko">熱내림藥</span>) </td> <td><span lang="ko">해열제</span>(<span lang="ko">解熱劑</span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>防腐劑 </td> <td><span lang="ko">썩음막이약</span>(<span lang="ko">썩음막이藥</span>) </td> <td><span lang="ko">방부제</span>(<span lang="ko">防腐劑</span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>十字路口 </td> <td><span lang="ko">사귐길</span> </td> <td><span lang="ko">교차로</span>(<span lang="ko">交叉路</span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>斑馬線 </td> <td><span lang="ko">건늠길</span> </td> <td><span lang="ko">횡단보도</span>(<span lang="ko">橫斷步道</span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>正四方形 </td> <td><span lang="ko">바른사각형</span>(<span lang="ko">바른四角形</span>) </td> <td><span lang="ko">정사각형</span>(正四方形) </td></tr> <tr> <td>無處不在 </td> <td><span lang="ko">사군데</span>(<span lang="ko">四군데</span>) </td> <td><span lang="ko">사방</span>(<span lang="ko">四方</span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>可燃性 </td> <td><span lang="ko">불탈성</span>(<span lang="ko">불탈性</span>) </td> <td><span lang="ko">가연성</span>(<span lang="ko">可燃性</span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>开放 </td> <td><span lang="ko">열어놓다</span> </td> <td><span lang="ko">개방하다</span>(<span lang="ko">開放하다</span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>嬰兒車 </td> <td><span lang="ko">애기차</span>(<span lang="ko">애기車</span>) </td> <td><span lang="ko">유모차</span>(<span lang="ko">乳母車</span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>海草 </td> <td><span lang="ko">바다풀</span> </td> <td><span lang="ko">해초</span>(<span lang="ko">海草</span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>停車場 </td> <td><span lang="ko">차마당</span>(<span lang="ko">車마당</span>) </td> <td><span lang="ko">주차장</span>(<span lang="ko">駐車場</span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>小卖店 </td> <td><span lang="ko">가게</span> </td> <td><span lang="ko">매점</span>(<span lang="ko">賣店</span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>單一 </td> <td><span lang="ko">단하나</span>(<span lang="ko">單하나</span>) </td> <td><span lang="ko">단일</span>(<span lang="ko">單一</span>) </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <p>另一方面,有時候北朝鮮還在使用的漢字詞在大韓民國已經被外來語取代。 </p> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>中文 </th> <th>朝鮮文化語 </th> <th>韓國標準語 </th> <th>韓國外來詞來源 </th></tr> <tr> <td>旅馆 </td> <td><span lang="ko">려관</span>(<span lang="ko">旅館</span>) </td> <td><span lang="ko">호텔</span> </td> <td>英語:<span lang="en">Hotel</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>吹風機 </td> <td><span lang="ko">건발기</span>(<span lang="ko">乾髮機</span>) </td> <td><span lang="ko">헤어드라이어</span> </td> <td>英語:<span lang="en">Hair dryer</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>女高音 </td> <td><span lang="ko">녀성고음</span>(<span lang="ko">女聲高音</span>) </td> <td><span lang="ko">소프라노</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="義大利語">義大利語</a>:<span lang="it">Soprano</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>短道競速滑冰 </td> <td><span lang="ko">짧은주로속도빙상</span>(<span lang="ko">짧은走路速度氷上</span>) </td> <td><span lang="ko">쇼트트랙</span> </td> <td>英語:<span lang="en">Short track</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>直升機 </td> <td><span lang="ko">직승기</span>(<span lang="ko">直升機</span>) </td> <td><span lang="ko">헬리콥터</span> </td> <td>英語:<span lang="en">Helicopter</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>鈴鼓 </td> <td><span lang="ko">반고</span>(<span lang="ko">半鼓</span>) </td> <td><span lang="ko">탬버린</span> </td> <td>英語:<span lang="en">Tambourine</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>手風琴 </td> <td><span lang="ko">손풍금</span>(<span lang="ko">手風琴</span>) </td> <td><span lang="ko">아코디언</span> </td> <td>英語:<span lang="en">Accordion</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>伺服器 </td> <td><span lang="ko">봉사기</span>(<span lang="ko">奉仕器</span>) </td> <td><span lang="ko">서버</span> </td> <td>英語:<span lang="en">Server</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>色情電影 </td> <td><span lang="ko">성록화물</span>(<span lang="ko">性錄畵物</span>) </td> <td><span lang="ko">포르노</span> </td> <td>英語:<span lang="en"><b>Porno</b>graphy</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>原子筆 </td> <td><span lang="ko">원주필</span>(<span lang="ko">圓珠筆</span>) </td> <td><span lang="ko">볼펜</span> </td> <td>英語:<span lang="en">Ball pen</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>速食 </td> <td><span lang="ko">속성음식</span>(<span lang="ko">速成飮食</span>) </td> <td><span lang="ko">패스트푸드</span> </td> <td>英語:<span lang="en">Fast food</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>果汁 </td> <td><span lang="ko">과일단물</span>(<span lang="ko">果일단물</span>) </td> <td><span lang="ko">주스</span> </td> <td>英語:<span lang="en">Juice</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>甜椒 </td> <td><span lang="ko">사자고추</span>(<span lang="ko">獅子고추</span>) </td> <td><span lang="ko">피망</span> </td> <td>法語:<span lang="fr">Piment</span><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="外來語使用"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E4.BE.86.E8.AA.9E.E4.BD.BF.E7.94.A8"></span>外來語使用</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=35" title="编辑章节:外來語使用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>另外,兩國外來語使用也存在差異,大韓民國使用更多外來語,且多為英語借詞;而北朝鮮則較少使用外來語,並且在借詞時會較多使用原文、英式英语或前共產陣營國家的語言。 </p> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>中文</th> <th>朝鮮文化語</th> <th>來源 </th> <th>韓國標準語</th> <th>來源 </th></tr> <tr> <td>加拿大</td> <td>카나다</td> <td>法語:<span lang="fr">Canada</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/kanada/</span></td> <td>캐나다</td> <td>英語:<span lang="en">Canada</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ˈkænədə/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>西班牙</td> <td>에스빠냐</td> <td>西班牙語:<span lang="es">España</span></td> <td>스페인</td> <td>英語:<span lang="en">Spain</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>比利时</td> <td>벨지끄</td> <td>法語:<span lang="fr">Belgique</span></td> <td>벨기에</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="荷蘭語">荷蘭語</a>:<span lang="nl">België</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>瑞典</td> <td>스웨리예</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E8%AA%9E" title="瑞典語">瑞典語</a>:<span lang="sv">Sverige</span></td> <td>스웨덴</td> <td>英語:<span lang="en">Sweden</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>俄羅斯</td> <td>로씨야</td> <td>俄语:<span lang="ru">Россия</span> (<span lang="en">Rossiya</span>)</td> <td>러시아</td> <td>英語:<span lang="en">Russia</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>波蘭</td> <td>뽈스까</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="波蘭語">波蘭語</a>:<span lang="pl">Polska</span></td> <td>폴란드</td> <td>英語:<span lang="en">Poland</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>捷克</td> <td>체스꼬</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="波蘭語">波蘭語</a>:<span lang="pl">Česko</span></td> <td>체코</td> <td>英語:<span lang="en">Czech</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>匈牙利</td> <td>마쟈르</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="匈牙利語">匈牙利語</a>:<span lang="hu">Magyar</span></td> <td>헝가리</td> <td>英語:<span lang="en">Hungary</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>電腦</td> <td>콤퓨터</td> <td>英語:<span lang="en">computer</span></td> <td>컴퓨터</td> <td>英語:<span lang="en">computer</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>牧羊人</td> <td>쉐빠뜨</td> <td>英語:<span lang="en">shepherd</span></td> <td>셰퍼드</td> <td>英語:<span lang="en">shepherd</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>收音機</td> <td>라지오</td> <td>日语:<span lang="ja">ラジオ</span> (<span lang="en">rajio</span>)</td> <td>라디오</td> <td>英語:<span lang="en">radio</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>能源</td> <td>에네르기</td> <td>德語:<span lang="de">Energie</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/e.nɐˈgiː/</span></td> <td>에너지</td> <td>英語:<span lang="en">energy</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ˈɛn.ə.d͡ʒi/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>杯子</td> <td>고뿌</td> <td>日语:<span lang="ja">コップ</span> (<span lang="en">koppu</span>)</td> <td>컵</td> <td>英語:<span lang="en">cup</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>絲襪</td> <td>스토킹</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" title="英國英語">英式英語</a>:<span lang="en">stocking</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ˈstɒkɪŋ/</span></td> <td>스타킹</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="美國英語">美式英語</a>:<span lang="en">stocking</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ˈstɑkɪŋ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>拖拉機</td> <td>뜨락또르</td> <td>俄语:<span lang="ru">трактор</span> (<span lang="en">traktor</span>)</td> <td>트랙터</td> <td>英語:<span lang="en">tractor</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>油漆</td> <td>뼁끼</td> <td>日语:<span lang="ja">ペンキ</span> (<span lang="en">penki</span>)</td> <td>페인트</td> <td>英語:<span lang="en">paint</span> </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="受政治影響的詞彙"><span id=".E5.8F.97.E6.94.BF.E6.B2.BB.E5.BD.B1.E9.9F.BF.E7.9A.84.E8.A9.9E.E5.BD.99"></span>受政治影響的詞彙</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=36" title="编辑章节:受政治影響的詞彙"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>以下的詞彙因為南北的政治系統而出現差異。 </p> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>中文</th> <th>朝鮮文化語</th> <th>意思 </th> <th>韓國標準語</th> <th>意思 </th></tr> <tr> <td>朝鮮</td> <td>조선</td> <td>朝鮮</td> <td>한</td> <td>韓 </td></tr> <tr> <td>韓語/朝鮮語</td> <td>조선말</td> <td>朝鮮话</td> <td>한국어</td> <td>韓國語 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮半島">朝鮮半島</a></td> <td>조선반도</td> <td>朝鮮半島</td> <td>한반도</td> <td>韓半島 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮戰爭">朝鮮戰爭</a></td> <td>조국해방전쟁</td> <td>祖國解放戰爭</td> <td>6·25전쟁</td> <td>六二五戰爭 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮族">朝鮮族</a></td> <td>조선민족</td> <td>朝鮮民族</td> <td>한민족</td> <td>韓民族 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮海峽">朝鮮海峽</a></td> <td>조선해협</td> <td>朝鮮海峽</td> <td>대한해협</td> <td>大韓海峽 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮王朝">朝鮮王朝</a></td> <td>조선봉건왕조</td> <td>朝鮮封建王朝</td> <td>조선/조선왕조</td> <td>朝鮮/朝鮮王朝 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BA%E6%96%87" title="諺文">諺文</a></td> <td>조선글</td> <td>朝鮮字</td> <td>한글</td> <td>韓字 </td></tr> <tr> <td>朋友</td> <td>동무</td> <td>同務</td> <td>친구</td> <td>親舊 </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <p>在朝鮮半島分裂成南北政權之前,「동무」(同務)一詞原本即有「朋友」的意思。其後韓國為避免「동무」(同務)一詞使人聯想到北朝鮮的<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E5%BF%97_(%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB)" title="同志 (政治)">同志</a>,將該詞列入“禁則語”(금칙어)中,禁止在公共場合出現,取而代之開始使用「친구」(親舊)一詞。 </p><p>朝鮮社會中亦因為其國家與韓國的關係而出現一些有隱喻意思的特別詞彙。「아랫동네」(下面村子)一詞字面上有「鄰近村子」的意思,但朝鮮人有時會使用這個詞彙來隱喻韓國。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="文法"><span id=".E6.96.87.E6.B3.95"></span>文法</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=37" title="编辑章节:文法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>朝鮮不採用韓國遵循的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%AD%E9%9F%B3%E6%B3%95%E5%89%87" title="頭音法則">頭音法則</a>,使兩國一些相同漢字詞的拼寫出現差異。 </p> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>漢字 </th> <th>朝鮮文化語 </th> <th>韓國標準語 </th></tr> <tr> <td>禮儀 </td> <td><span lang="ko">례의</span> </td> <td><span lang="ko">예의</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>女子 </td> <td><span lang="ko">녀자</span> </td> <td><span lang="ko">여자</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>離婚 </td> <td><span lang="ko">리혼</span> </td> <td><span lang="ko">이혼</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>聯合 </td> <td><span lang="ko">련합</span> </td> <td><span lang="ko">연합</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>籃球 </td> <td><span lang="ko">롱구</span> </td> <td><span lang="ko">농구</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>指南針 </td> <td><span lang="ko">라침기</span> </td> <td><span lang="ko">나침기</span> </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <p>大韓民國標準語中,当词与词或词与词根組詞时,不論書寫和讀音均須加上韵尾“<span lang="ko">ᆺ</span>”;在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国">朝鮮</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E8%AA%9E" title="文化語">文化语</a>中,書寫时并不須要添加該韵尾,但读音相同。 </p> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>中文 </th> <th>朝鮮文化語 </th> <th>韓國標準語 </th></tr> <tr> <td>野猪 </td> <td><span lang="ko">메돼지</span> </td> <td><span lang="ko">멧돼지</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>溪边 </td> <td><span lang="ko">내가</span> </td> <td><span lang="ko">냇가</span> </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <p>韓國规定名词與其修饰部分、姓名与职务以及熟语中的單词都須分開書寫;朝鮮则相反,规定必須连写。 </p> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>中文 </th> <th>朝鮮文化語 </th> <th>韓國標準語 </th></tr> <tr> <td>吃的東西 </td> <td><span lang="ko">먹는것</span> </td> <td><span lang="ko">먹는 것</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B4%94%E6%97%B6%E5%85%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="崔时元(页面不存在)">崔时元</a>院长 </td> <td><span lang="ko">최시원원장</span> </td> <td><span lang="ko">최시원 원장</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>吃冷粥 </td> <td><span lang="ko">식은죽먹기</span> </td> <td><span lang="ko">식은 죽 먹기</span> </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <p>而在文法上两国則差异不大,只在某些詞尾的拼法(例如表示過去式的<span lang="ko">-었</span>在北朝鮮如果出現在<span lang="ko">-ㅣ</span>、<span lang="ko">-ㅔ</span>、<span lang="ko">-ㅐ</span>等後方則寫作<span lang="ko">-였</span>)以及兩種敬语的使用上略有差异。在大韓民國,“<span lang="ko">-아/어/여요</span>”可以使用于非正式场合下与陌生人或不熟悉的人谈话,而“<span lang="ko">-ᆸ니다/습니다</span>”则更為正式,一般少用於口語;但是在北朝鮮,“<span lang="ko">-아/어/여요</span>”表示相当熟稔的关系,因此与陌生人或不熟悉的人之间谈话必须使用“<span lang="ko">-ᆸ니다/습니다</span>”,否则是一种失礼。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="韓語的系属分類及各種假說"><span id=".E9.9F.93.E8.AA.9E.E7.9A.84.E7.B3.BB.E5.B1.9E.E5.88.86.E9.A1.9E.E5.8F.8A.E5.90.84.E7.A8.AE.E5.81.87.E8.AA.AA"></span>韓語的系属分類及各種假說</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=38" title="编辑章节:韓語的系属分類及各種假說"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>韓語被語言學界普遍認為是孤立語言,若視濟州語為獨立語言的話則屬於朝鮮語系<sup id="cite_ref-#1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-#2_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-#3_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-#4_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-#5_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#5-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-google15_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google15-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>而關於韩语和其他語言的關係,有些語言學家提出下幾個假說: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="阿爾泰超语系假說"><span id=".E9.98.BF.E7.88.BE.E6.B3.B0.E8.B6.85.E8.AF.AD.E7.B3.BB.E5.81.87.E8.AA.AA"></span>阿爾泰超语系假說</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=39" title="编辑章节:阿爾泰超语系假說"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>最早由芬蘭語言學家古斯塔夫·約翰·蘭司鐵(Gustaf John Ramstedt)和蘇聯語言學家<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%89%E5%A4%AB%E6%A0%B9%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E5%88%A9%E7%93%A6%E8%AB%BE%E5%A4%AB" title="葉夫根尼·波利瓦諾夫">葉夫根尼·波利瓦諾夫</a>於1920年代共同提出<sup id="cite_ref-rams_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rams-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。主要理據為韓語和其他被歸類為阿爾泰語系的語言一樣都是有元音和諧律的SOV黏着語。這個假說現在已被大多數比較語言學家否定,理由是韓語欠缺人稱後綴,與其他語言之間亦無同源詞,而元音和諧律、SOV語序和黏着語更是廣泛存在於世界各大語系中<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="古西伯利亞語言假說"><span id=".E5.8F.A4.E8.A5.BF.E4.BC.AF.E5.88.A9.E4.BA.9E.E8.AA.9E.E8.A8.80.E5.81.87.E8.AA.AA"></span>古西伯利亞語言假說</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=40" title="编辑章节:古西伯利亞語言假說"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>有關韓語和古西伯利亞語言之間的研究,目前主要集中在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%A4%AB%E8%B5%AB%E8%AA%9E" title="尼夫赫語">尼夫赫語</a>上。例如韓國語言學家金芳漢就認為《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2%E8%A8%98" class="mw-redirect" title="三國史記">三國史記</a>》中所記載的朝鮮半島古地名與尼夫赫語有關<sup id="cite_ref-aks_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aks-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。而美國語言學家白桂思(Christopher Beckwith)亦支持相同觀點<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。芬蘭語言學家尤哈·揚胡寧(Juha Janhunen)亦認為兩種語言在古代曾經有過緊密接觸,因此共同演化出類似的塞音系統<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。而英國考古學家馬克·J·哈德森(Mark J. Hudson)和比利時語言學家馬丁妮·羅貝茨(Martine Robbeets)2020年共同發表了一篇論文,指出有一種「尼夫赫型」語言過去曾分佈在朝鮮半島上,後來成為了韓語的底層<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>除此之外,<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E7%A7%91%E5%A5%87%E8%AF%AD" title="楚科奇语">楚科奇語</a>亦和韓語一樣有元音和諧律,且有o、u對立現象。 </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>楚科奇语 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>陽性 </th> <td>/e/</td> <td>/o/</td> <td>/a/ </td></tr> <tr> <th>陰性 </th> <td>/i/</td> <td>/u/</td> <td>/e/ </td></tr> <tr> <th>中性 </th> <td>/ə/ </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>韓語 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">陽性 </th> <td><span lang="ko">ㅏ</span> <span lang="ko-Latn" title="韩语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">a</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅑ</span> <span lang="ko-Latn" title="韩语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">ya</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅗ</span> <span lang="ko-Latn" title="韩语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">o</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅘ</span> <span lang="ko-Latn" title="韩语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">wa</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅛ</span> <span lang="ko-Latn" title="韩语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">yo</span></td> <td>(<span lang="ko">ㆍ</span> <span lang="ko-Latn" title="韩语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">ə</span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="ko">ㅐ</span> <span lang="ko-Latn" title="韩语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">ae</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅒ</span> <span lang="ko-Latn" title="韩语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">yae</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅚ</span> <span lang="ko-Latn" title="韩语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">oe</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅙ</span> <span lang="ko-Latn" title="韩语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">wae</span></td> <td>(<span lang="ko">ㆉ</span> <span lang="ko-Latn" title="韩语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">yoe</span>)</td> <td>(<span lang="ko">ㆎ</span> <span lang="ko-Latn" title="韩语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">əi</span>) </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">陰性 </th> <td><span lang="ko">ㅓ</span> <span lang="ko-Latn" title="韩语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">eo</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅕ</span> <span lang="ko-Latn" title="韩语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">yeo</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅜ</span> <span lang="ko-Latn" title="韩语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">u</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅝ</span> <span lang="ko-Latn" title="韩语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">wo</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅠ</span> <span lang="ko-Latn" title="韩语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">yu</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅡ</span> <span lang="ko-Latn" title="韩语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">eu</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="ko">ㅔ</span> <span lang="ko-Latn" title="韩语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">e</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅖ</span> <span lang="ko-Latn" title="韩语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">ye</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅟ</span> <span lang="ko-Latn" title="韩语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">wi</span></td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅞ</span> <span lang="ko-Latn" title="韩语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">we</span></td> <td>(<span lang="ko">ㆌ</span> <span lang="ko-Latn" title="韩语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">ywi</span>)</td> <td><span lang="ko">ㅢ</span> <span lang="ko-Latn" title="韩语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">ui</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>中性 </th> <td colspan="6" align="center"><span lang="ko">ㅣ</span> <span lang="ko-Latn" title="韩语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">i</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7"><small><i>括號為方言或已廢除的元音。</i></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="達羅毗荼-韓語系假說"><span id=".E9.81.94.E7.BE.85.E6.AF.97.E8.8D.BC-.E9.9F.93.E8.AA.9E.E7.B3.BB.E5.81.87.E8.AA.AA"></span>達羅毗荼-韓語系假說</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=41" title="编辑章节:達羅毗荼-韓語系假說"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>韓語和達羅毗荼語系的相似性最早由一名法國傳教士發現<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHulbert190628_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHulbert190628-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1905年美國傳教士霍默爾·赫伯特(Homer Hulbert)在比較過雙方的語法後認為有關聯,並正式發表了這個假說<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1970年,大野晉在其著作中列出了韓語和日語中有一些可能來自泰米爾語的詞彙<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,他和赫伯特一樣主張古代曾經有達羅毗荼人(尤其是泰米爾人)移民到朝鮮半島和日本列島,繼而影響了當地的語言<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1984年,美國語言學家摩根·克利平格(Morgan Clippinger)仔細比較過韓語和達羅毗荼語系各語言後,整理出408個潛在的同源詞,和60個對應的語音<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,但此後語言學界就對這個假說失去興趣<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2011年,韓國語言學家、首爾大學名譽教授李基文再次提出學界應該重新審視克利平格的研究成果<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>韓語與<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="泰米爾語">泰米爾語</a>語法上的相似之處<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <ul><li>都是黏着語。</li> <li>基本語序都是SOV,而且名詞和形容詞的句法相同、助詞都是後置、修飾語總是在被修飾詞前面。</li></ul> <p>韓語與<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="泰米爾語">泰米爾語</a>潛在的同源詞如下: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="人稱代詞"><span id=".E4.BA.BA.E7.A8.B1.E4.BB.A3.E8.A9.9E"></span>人稱代詞</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=42" title="编辑章节:人稱代詞"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>韓語</th> <th>意思</th> <th>泰米爾</th> <th>意思</th> <th>註 </th></tr> <tr> <td>na (나) (naneun 나는, naega 내가)</td> <td>我</td> <td>nāṉ (நான்)/ nāṉu (நானு) <p>nāṅgaḷ (நாங்கள்) </p> </td> <td>我</td> <td><i>Nā </i> 在兩種語言中都是非正式用法。韓語 <i>naneun 나는</i>、 <i>na 나</i> 是第一人稱單數代詞,而 <i>-neun 는</i> 是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%8C%E6%A8%99%E8%A8%98" title="主題標記">主題標記</a>。在韓語的口語中, <i>naneun 나는</i> 可縮短成 <i>nan 난</i>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>neo (너) (neoneun 너는, nega 네가)</td> <td>你</td> <td>nī (நீ)/ nīnga (நீங்க)</td> <td>你</td> <td><i>Nī</i> 在兩種語言中都是非正式用法。 <i>Nīnga நீங்க</i>在泰米爾語中是正式用法。韓語 <i>nega 네가</i> 是 <i>neo 너</i>的不規則形式 (第二人稱單數代詞) + <i>-ga 가</i> (<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%A0%BC" title="主格">主格</a>標記)。在韓語的口語中, <i>neoneun 너는</i> 可縮短成 <i>neon 넌</i>, <i>nega 네가</i> 可唸成 <i>niga 니가</i>. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="親屬稱謂"><span id=".E8.A6.AA.E5.B1.AC.E7.A8.B1.E8.AC.82"></span>親屬稱謂</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=43" title="编辑章节:親屬稱謂"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>韓語</th> <th>意思</th> <th>泰米爾</th> <th>意思 </th></tr> <tr> <td>Eonni (언니)</td> <td>姐姐 (女性用)</td> <td>Aṇṇi (அண்ணி)</td> <td>大嫂 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Agassi (아가씨)</td> <td>小姐</td> <td>Thankachi/Thangai (தங்கச்சி/தங்கை) </td> <td>妹妹 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="其他"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96"></span>其他</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=44" title="编辑章节:其他"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>韓語</th> <th>意思</th> <th>泰米爾</th> <th>意思</th> <th>註 </th></tr> <tr> <td>Mettugi (메뚜기)</td> <td>蚱蜢</td> <td>Vettukkili (வெட்டுக்கிளி)</td> <td>蚱蜢</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pul (풀)</td> <td>草</td> <td>Pul (புல்)</td> <td>草</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ippal (이빨)</td> <td>牙齒</td> <td>Pal (பல்)</td> <td>牙齒</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>-boda (-보다)</td> <td>比</td> <td>Vida (விட)</td> <td>比</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>gada (가다)</td> <td>去</td> <td>Kada (கட)</td> <td>經過或越過</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Aigu (아이구)</td> <td>-</td> <td>Aiyō (ஐயோ)</td> <td>-</td> <td>表示驚訝、厭惡、不耐煩 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Igeot (이것)</td> <td>這個</td> <td>Itu (இது)</td> <td>這個</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nal (날)</td> <td>天</td> <td>Nāḷ (நாள்)</td> <td>天</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>jogeum-jogeum (조금 조금)</td> <td>-</td> <td>konjam-konjam (கொஞ்சம் கொஞ்சம்)</td> <td>-</td> <td>一點點 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>兩種語言在類型學上的相同可能只是巧合;黏着語本來就很普遍,SOV語序就更常見,有將近一半的已知語言都是SOV,而且同源詞不夠多,再加上達羅毗荼人曾移民到朝鮮半島的論述亦欠缺考古學和遺傳學證據,因此很難說服大多數學者<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>詳見<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E7%BD%97%E6%AF%97%E8%8D%BC-%E9%9F%A9%E8%B6%85%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB%E5%81%87%E8%AF%B4" title="达罗毗荼-韩超语系假说">達羅毗荼-韓超語系假說</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="南島-朝鮮語系假說"><span id=".E5.8D.97.E5.B3.B6-.E6.9C.9D.E9.AE.AE.E8.AA.9E.E7.B3.BB.E5.81.87.E8.AA.AA"></span>南島-朝鮮語系假說</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=45" title="编辑章节:南島-朝鮮語系假說"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>相對上述幾個假說,認為韓語和南島語系有關聯的研究和支持者則較少<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 中國語言學家吳安其在比較過南島語系各語言和韓語後,認為韓語具有大量<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%B3%B6%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" title="南島語系">南島語系</a>元素: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td>雲</td> <td>韓語kuɾɯm</td> <td>* <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%B3%B6%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="南島語">南島語</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%B5%E8%AA%9E" title="邵語">邵語</a>urum</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%91%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E" title="卑南語">卑南語</a>kuʈem </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>火</td> <td>韓語puɭ</td> <td>* <a href="/wiki/%E9%84%92%E8%AA%9E" title="鄒語">鄒語</a>puzu</td> <td>羅東語rohi(ropi) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>岩石</td> <td>中古朝鮮語pahø/慶州方言paŋku</td> <td>* <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%BE%8E%E8%AA%9E" title="阿美語">阿美語</a>fukeluh</td> <td>寧德婁語bek </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>乳房</td> <td>中古朝鮮語ʧјəs(sisi)</td> <td>* <a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E5%8D%97%E5%B3%B6%E8%AA%9E" title="原始南島語">原始南島語</a>susu</td> <td>阿美語ʧuʧu </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>腳</td> <td>韓語pa̠ɭ</td> <td>* 原始南島語pala </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>手指</td> <td>韓語[sʰo̞n`(k͈a̠ɾa̠k̚)</td> <td>* <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%B0%BC%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="印尼語">印尼語</a>ʧaka</td> <td>薩薩克語kikir </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>屁股</td> <td>porki<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83946278">.mw-parser-output .template-facttext{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;margin:-.3em 0;padding:.3em 0}</style><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup></td> <td>* 邵語paqi</td> <td>印尼語piŋgul</td> <td>帕芳語horaak(porak) </td></tr> <tr> <td>尾巴</td> <td>韓語k͈o̞ɾi</td> <td>* <a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E5%88%A9%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="毛利語">毛利語</a>kokore</td> <td>印尼語ekor</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%8A%A0%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="東加語">東加語</a>iku </td></tr> <tr> <td>弓</td> <td>韓語ɸwa̠ɭ(botu)</td> <td>* 鄒-卑南語but`u(箭)</td> <td>印尼語busur </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>米</td> <td>韓語pjʌ̹</td> <td>* 卑南語bəras</td> <td>印尼語beras </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>肉</td> <td>韓語ko̞ɡi</td> <td>* 毛利語kikokiko</td> <td>拉巴努伊語kiko </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>賣</td> <td>韓語pʰa̠ɭda̠</td> <td>* <a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%BD%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="賽德克語">賽德克語</a>bari</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%92%E7%81%A3%E8%AA%9E" title="排灣語">排灣語</a>paveɭi</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E9%BD%90%E8%AF%AD" title="亚齐语">亞齊語</a>publɔə </td></tr> <tr> <td>吃</td> <td>韓語mʌ̹k̚t͈a̠(mə為古南島語動詞前綴)</td> <td>* 卑南語məkan</td> <td>賽德克語makan </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>吹</td> <td>pur-ta(pura)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83946278"><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup></td> <td>* 鄒語porepe</td> <td>拉巴努伊語puhi </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>遠</td> <td>mər-ta<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83946278"><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup></td> <td>* 阿美語maraaj</td> <td>東加語mamaʔo </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>一日、天</td> <td>韓語ha̠ɾu</td> <td>* <a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="馬來語">馬來語</a>、印尼語hari</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E8%B3%93%E8%AA%9E" title="菲律賓語">菲律賓語</a>araw </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>笨</td> <td>韓語babo</td> <td>* 馬來語、印尼語bodoh</td> <td>菲律賓語bobo </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>喜歡</td> <td>韓語sʰa̠ɾa̠ŋ</td> <td>* 馬來語、印尼語sayang </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83946278"><mark class="template-facttext" title="需要提供文献来源">有人</mark><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup>質疑pahø與滿語wehe為同源詞以此進一步認為韓語和<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%A1-%E9%80%9A%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="满-通古斯语系">滿-通古斯語系</a>有關,但是從整個<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%A1-%E9%80%9A%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="满-通古斯语系">滿-通古斯語系</a>來看,除了滿語外<span class="cleanup-needed-content" style="background-color: #EAEAEA; color: DarkSlateGray;">其他語言均使用jolo、colo、colu來表示岩石</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8A/%E4%B8%8D%E8%A6%81%E6%A8%A1%E7%A8%9C%E5%85%A9%E5%8F%AF" title="Wikipedia:格式手冊/不要模稜兩可"><span title="需要解釋或改寫(2021年8月)">需要解释</span></a>]</sup>,故滿語的wehe應為借詞。 </p><p>吳安其教授還發現韓語數詞系統和南島語系統有著對應關係。 古南島語數詞系統為五进制,故6、8、10均以3、4、5加上前綴構成,後來才形成十進位,例如: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E8%A9%9E" title="數詞">數詞</a></th> <th>1</th> <th>2</th> <th>3</th> <th>4</th> <th>5</th> <th>6</th> <th>7</th> <th>8</th> <th>9</th> <th>10 </th></tr> <tr> <td>邵語</td> <td>tata</td> <td>tuʃa</td> <td>turu</td> <td>ʃəpat</td> <td>rima</td> <td>ka-turu</td> <td>pitu</td> <td>ka-ʃəpat</td> <td>tanaθu</td> <td>makθin </td></tr> <tr> <td>莫圖語</td> <td>ta</td> <td>rua</td> <td>toi</td> <td>hani</td> <td>ima</td> <td>taura-toi</td> <td>hitu</td> <td>taura-hani</td> <td>taura-hani-ta</td> <td>gwauta </td></tr> <tr> <td>韓語</td> <td>hana</td> <td>tur</td> <td>səis</td> <td>nəis</td> <td>tasəs</td> <td>yə-səs</td> <td>irgob</td> <td>yə-tərp</td> <td>ahop</td> <td>yə-r </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>韓語數詞在轉為十進位後,詞幹也轉變了。6原為/yəsəir/,南島語中有/r-s/的對應,故/səir/轉為/səis/,轉為十進位後音節縮短成/yəsəs/,8為/yətərp/,故可推4原為/tərp/轉為/nər-nəis/,10原為/yətasəs-yətrs-yəlrr-yər/。 韓語以前綴mat表達子女居長,與南島語用以表達兄妹年長的前綴mata對應,如拉巴努伊語的哥哥、姊姊為matahiapo;帕芳語的大哥、大姊為muaite。 吳安其教授認為以上現象可作為古韓語使用前綴來表達文法關係,而非一開始就使用後綴的旁證,但未引起學界注意。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=46" title="编辑章节:参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79074265">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-count:2; column-width:auto;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮語拉丁化">朝鮮語拉丁化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="韩语语法">韓語語法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E8%AA%9E%E6%95%AC%E8%AA%9E" title="韓語敬語">韓語敬語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E6%BC%A2%E6%B7%B7%E7%94%A8%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="韓漢混用文">韓漢混用文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%9F%E5%B7%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="濟州語">濟州語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E8%AA%9E" title="文化語">文化語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%9E%E8%83%BD%E5%8A%9B%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6" title="韓國語能力考試">韓國語能力考試</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E" title="古朝鮮語">古朝鮮語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%9C%9F%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="中期朝鮮語">中期朝鮮語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%AB%BA%E6%96%87" title="古諺文">古諺文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%A4%E8%AB%BA%E6%96%87%E6%94%AF%E6%8F%B4" title="Wikipedia:古諺文支援">維基百科:古諺文支援</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="註釋"><span id=".E8.A8.BB.E9.87.8B"></span>註釋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=47" title="编辑章节:註釋"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="references-NoteFoot"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">由「江南」+詞綴「<span lang="ko">앙이</span>」組成「<span lang="ko">강남앙이</span>」音變而來</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">「<span><span title="諺文表記"><span lang="ko">수수</span></span><sup> <i><span title="羅馬字表記" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none" lang="ko-Latn">susu</span></i></sup></span>」一詞由<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="漢語">漢語</a>「蜀黍」演變而來。<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">來自英語<span lang="en">paint</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">再由日語(<span lang="ja">ピーマン</span>)傳入</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=48" title="编辑章节:参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-google15-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-google15_1-0"><sup><b>1.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-google15_1-1"><sup><b>1.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSong2005" class="citation">Song, Jae Jung, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rIk52cJ1vDEC&pg=PA15">The Korean language: structure, use and context</a>, Routledge: 15, 2005 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-11-04</span>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-415-32802-9" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-415-32802-9"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-415-32802-9</a>, (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210203153231/https://books.google.com/books?id=rIk52cJ1vDEC&pg=PA15">存档</a>于2021-02-03)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&rft.aufirst=Jae+Jung&rft.aulast=Song&rft.btitle=The+Korean+language%3A+structure%2C+use+and+context&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-415-32802-9&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Routledge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrIk52cJ1vDEC%26pg%3DPA15&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-#1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-#1_2-0"><sup><b>2.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-#1_2-1"><sup><b>2.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCampbellMixco2007" class="citation">Campbell, Lyle; Mixco, Mauricio, Korean, A language isolate, A Glossary of Historical Linguistics, University of Utah Press: 7, 90–91, 2007, <q>most specialists... no longer believe that the... Altaic groups... are related […] Korean is often said to belong with the Altaic hypothesis, often also with Japanese, though this is not widely supported</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&rft.atitle=Korean%2C+A+language+isolate&rft.au=Mixco%2C+Mauricio&rft.aufirst=Lyle&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.btitle=A+Glossary+of+Historical+Linguistics&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pages=7%2C+90-91&rft.pub=University+of+Utah+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-#2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-#2_3-0"><sup><b>3.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-#2_3-1"><sup><b>3.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDalby1999–2000" class="citation">Dalby, David, The Register of the World's Languages and Speech Communities, Linguasphere Press, 1999–2000</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&rft.aufirst=David&rft.aulast=Dalby&rft.btitle=The+Register+of+the+World%27s+Languages+and+Speech+Communities&rft.date=1999%2F2000&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Linguasphere+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-#3-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-#3_4-0"><sup><b>4.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-#3_4-1"><sup><b>4.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKim1992" class="citation">Kim, Nam-Kil, Korean, International Encyclopedia of Linguistics <b>2</b>: 282–86, 1992, <q>scholars have tried to establish genetic relationships between Korean and other languages and major language families, but with little success</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&rft.atitle=Korean&rft.aufirst=Nam-Kil&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.btitle=International+Encyclopedia+of+Linguistics&rft.date=1992&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pages=282-86&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-#4-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-#4_5-0"><sup><b>5.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-#4_5-1"><sup><b>5.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRóna-Tas1998" class="citation">Róna-Tas, András, The Reconstruction of Proto-Turkic and the Genetic Question, The Turkic Languages, Routledge: 67–80, 1998, <q>[Ramstedt's comparisons of Korean and Altaic] have been heavily criticised in more recent studies, though the idea of a genetic relationship has not been totally abandoned</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&rft.atitle=The+Reconstruction+of+Proto-Turkic+and+the+Genetic+Question&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A1s&rft.aulast=R%C3%B3na-Tas&rft.btitle=The+Turkic+Languages&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pages=67-80&rft.pub=Routledge&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-#5-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-#5_6-0"><sup><b>6.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-#5_6-1"><sup><b>6.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSchönig2003" class="citation">Schönig, Claus, Turko-Mongolic Relations, The Mongolic Languages, Routledge: 403–19, 2003, <q>the 'Altaic' languages do not seem to share a common basic vocabulary of the type normally present in cases of genetic relationship</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&rft.atitle=Turko-Mongolic+Relations&rft.aufirst=Claus&rft.aulast=Sch%C3%B6nig&rft.btitle=The+Mongolic+Languages&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pages=403-19&rft.pub=Routledge&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《谚文专属用途法》《国语基本法》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.koreanamericancenter.org/">Korean Language 한국어 - We have been designated as a King Sejong Institute by the S. Korean government to share Korean language and culture to the world.</a>. KOREAN AMERICAN CENTER. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-07-04</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210212013632/https://koreanamericancenter.org/">存档</a>于2021-02-12).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&rft.btitle=Korean+Language+%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4+-+We+have+been+designated+as+a+King+Sejong+Institute+by+the+S.+Korean+government+to+share+Korean+language+and+culture+to+the+world.&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=KOREAN+AMERICAN+CENTER&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.koreanamericancenter.org%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kui-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kui_9-0"><sup><b>9.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kui_9-1"><sup><b>9.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20220622001700881">韩语2025年起将被纳入香港高考科目</a>. 韩联社. 2022-06-22 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-02-11</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230211083304/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20220622001700881">存档</a>于2023-02-11).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&rft.atitle=%E9%9F%A9%E8%AF%AD2025%E5%B9%B4%E8%B5%B7%E5%B0%86%E8%A2%AB%E7%BA%B3%E5%85%A5%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E9%AB%98%E8%80%83%E7%A7%91%E7%9B%AE&rft.date=2022-06-22&rft.genre=article&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcn.yna.co.kr%2Fview%2FACK20220622001700881&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://world.kbs.co.kr/service/contents_view.htm?lang=c&board_seq=361888">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-12-03</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201224140614/http://world.kbs.co.kr/service/contents_view.htm?lang=c&board_seq=361888">存档</a>于2020-12-24).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworld.kbs.co.kr%2Fservice%2Fcontents_view.htm%3Flang%3Dc%26board_seq%3D361888&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mfa.gov.cn/web/gjhdq_676201/gj_676203/yz_676205/1206_676404/1206x0_676406/">朝鲜国家概况</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E9%83%A8" title="中华人民共和国外交部">中华人民共和国外交部</a>. 2023-10 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-12-17</span>]</span>. 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(原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201224140635/https://www.thenewslens.com/article/105470">存档</a>于2020-12-24) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(臺灣)网页">(中文(臺灣))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&rft.atitle=%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E4%B9%9F%E4%B8%8D%E7%9F%A5%E9%81%93%E7%9A%84%E9%9F%93%E8%AA%9E%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98%EF%BC%9A%E6%8E%9B%E9%9B%BB%E8%A9%B1%E6%99%82%E7%82%BA%E4%BD%95%E8%A6%81%E8%AA%AA%E3%80%8C%E6%82%A8%E8%AB%8B%E5%9B%9E%E5%8E%BB%E3%80%8D%EF%BC%9F&rft.au=%E7%B2%BE%E9%81%B8%E6%9B%B8%E6%91%98&rft.date=2018-10-11&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+News+Lens+%E9%97%9C%E9%8D%B5%E8%A9%95%E8%AB%96%E7%B6%B2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenewslens.com%2Farticle%2F105470&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hk.lifestyle.appledaily.com/lifestyle/travel/daily/article/20190222/20617771">【遊中亞】流放中亞的朝鮮族 不諳韓語最愛泡菜</a>. 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(原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201224140610/https://www.saga-s.co.jp/articles/-/393552">存档</a>于2020-12-24) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&rft.atitle=%E9%9F%93%E5%9B%BD%E8%AA%9E%E3%81%AE%E8%A1%A8%E7%8F%BE%E5%8A%9B%E3%80%81%E3%82%B9%E3%83%94%E3%83%BC%E3%83%81%E3%81%A7%E7%AB%B6%E3%81%86+%EF%BC%91%EF%BC%90%E6%9C%88%E3%80%81%E5%8F%82%E5%8A%A0%E8%80%85%E5%8B%9F%E9%9B%86+%E7%9C%8C%E7%AB%8B%E5%90%8D%E8%AD%B7%E5%B1%8B%E5%9F%8E%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8%EF%BD%9C%E3%81%BE%E3%81%A1%E3%81%AE%E8%A9%B1%E9%A1%8C%EF%BD%9C%E4%BD%90%E8%B3%80%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%EF%BD%9C%E4%BD%90%E8%B3%80%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9ELiVE&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E4%BD%90%E8%B3%80%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9ELiVE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.saga-s.co.jp%2Farticles%2F-%2F393552&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gx211.cn/news/2015626/n4700276437.html">吉林大学珠海学院朝鲜语(韩国语)专业学子在国际韩国语能力考试中再获佳绩</a>. 2015-06-26 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-07-05</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210818054821/http://www.gx211.cn/news/2015626/n4700276437.html">存档</a>于2021-08-18).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&rft.btitle=%E5%90%89%E6%9E%97%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E7%8F%A0%E6%B5%B7%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%88%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%89%E4%B8%93%E4%B8%9A%E5%AD%A6%E5%AD%90%E5%9C%A8%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD%E8%AF%AD%E8%83%BD%E5%8A%9B%E8%80%83%E8%AF%95%E4%B8%AD%E5%86%8D%E8%8E%B7%E4%BD%B3%E7%BB%A9&rft.date=2015-06-26&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gx211.cn%2Fnews%2F2015626%2Fn4700276437.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tenri-u.ac.jp/ins/kor/index.html">天理大学国際学部 外国語学科 韓国・朝鮮語専攻 学習の流れ</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-07-05</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210326074406/https://www.tenri-u.ac.jp/ins/kor/index.html">存档</a>于2021-03-26).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&rft.btitle=%E5%A4%A9%E7%90%86%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%9B%BD%E9%9A%9B%E5%AD%A6%E9%83%A8+%E5%A4%96%E5%9B%BD%E8%AA%9E%E5%AD%A6%E7%A7%91+%E9%9F%93%E5%9B%BD%E3%83%BB%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E%E5%B0%82%E6%94%BB+%E5%AD%A6%E7%BF%92%E3%81%AE%E6%B5%81%E3%82%8C&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tenri-u.ac.jp%2Fins%2Fkor%2Findex.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="朝鲜语的称呼问题" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="朝鮮語の呼称問題"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E8%AF%AD%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%B0%E5%91%BC%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="朝鲜语的称呼问题(页面不存在)">日語維基百科「朝鮮語の呼称問題」條目</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E%E3%81%AE%E5%91%BC%E7%A7%B0%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" class="extiw" title="ja:朝鮮語の呼称問題"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">朝鮮語の呼称問題</span></a></span>)</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chaoyu.bisu.edu.cn/art/2019/1/14/art_15541_203442.html">北京第二外国语学院朝鲜语系</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-01-19</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210624032032/http://chaoyu.bisu.edu.cn/art/2019/1/14/art_15541_203442.html">存档</a>于2021-06-24).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&rft.btitle=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%A4%96%E5%9B%BD%E8%AF%AD%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2%E6%9C%9D-%7B%7D-%E9%B2%9C%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchaoyu.bisu.edu.cn%2Fart%2F2019%2F1%2F14%2Fart_15541_203442.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kr.hujiang.com/new/p431388/">《标准韩国语》全三册课程总汇!</a>. 沪江韩语学习网. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-11-27</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201224140629/https://kr.hujiang.com/new/p431388/">存档</a>于2020-12-24).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&rft.atitle=%E3%80%8A%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD%E8%AF%AD%E3%80%8B%E5%85%A8%E4%B8%89%E5%86%8C%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%E6%80%BB%E6%B1%87%EF%BC%81&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E6%B2%AA%E6%B1%9F%E9%9F%A9%E8%AF%AD%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E7%BD%91&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkr.hujiang.com%2Fnew%2Fp431388%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-uchiyama-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-uchiyama_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%85%E5%B1%B1%E6%94%BF%E6%98%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="内山政春(页面不存在)">内山政春</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170809020952/http://repo.lib.hosei.ac.jp/bitstream/10114/1269/5/ibunka_5_utiyama.pdf">言語名称「朝鮮語」および「韓国語」の言語学的考察</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 異文化 (<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E6%94%BF%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="法政大學 (日本)">法政大学</a>国際文化学部). 2004, <b>第5号</b> <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-03-17</span>]</span>. 原始内容存档于2017-08-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&rft.atitle=%E8%A8%80%E8%AA%9E%E5%90%8D%E7%A7%B0%E3%80%8C%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E%E3%80%8D%E3%81%8A%E3%82%88%E3%81%B3%E3%80%8C%E9%9F%93%E5%9B%BD%E8%AA%9E%E3%80%8D%E3%81%AE%E8%A8%80%E8%AA%9E%E5%AD%A6%E7%9A%84%E8%80%83%E5%AF%9F&rft.au=%E5%86%85%E5%B1%B1%E6%94%BF%E6%98%A5&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E7%95%B0%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96&rft.volume=%E7%AC%AC5%E5%8F%B7&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frepo.lib.hosei.ac.jp%2Fbitstream%2F10114%2F1269%2F5%2Fibunka_5_utiyama.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Kang, Yoonjung; Han, Sungwoo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=7df4b7e0ae1474e8eb7cffaba42a5d7c146b852c">Tonogenesis in early Contemporary Seoul Korean: A longitudinal case study</a>. Lingua. September 2013, <b>134</b>: 62–74 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-11-21</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0024-3841"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 0024-3841</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.lingua.2013.06.002"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1016/j.lingua.2013.06.002</span></a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231116141835/https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=7df4b7e0ae1474e8eb7cffaba42a5d7c146b852c">存档</a>于2023-11-16).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&rft.atitle=Tonogenesis+in+early+Contemporary+Seoul+Korean%3A+A+longitudinal+case+study&rft.au=Han%2C+Sungwoo&rft.aufirst=Yoonjung&rft.aulast=Kang&rft.date=2013-09&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0024-3841&rft.jtitle=Lingua&rft.pages=62-74&rft.volume=134&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fdocument%3Frepid%3Drep1%26type%3Dpdf%26doi%3D7df4b7e0ae1474e8eb7cffaba42a5d7c146b852c&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.lingua.2013.06.002&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Yoo, Kayeon; Nolan, Francis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.journal-labphon.org/article/10.5334/labphon.203">Sampling the progression of domain-initial denasalization in Seoul Korean</a>. Laboratory Phonology: Journal of the Association for Laboratory Phonology. 2020, <b>11</b> (1): 22 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-05-09</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5334%2Flabphon.203"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.5334/labphon.203</span></a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210513074612/https://www.journal-labphon.org/article/10.5334/labphon.203/">存档</a>于2021-05-13).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&rft.atitle=Sampling+the+progression+of+domain-initial+denasalization+in+Seoul+Korean&rft.au=Nolan%2C+Francis&rft.aufirst=Kayeon&rft.aulast=Yoo&rft.date=2020&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Laboratory+Phonology%3A+Journal+of+the+Association+for+Laboratory+Phonology&rft.pages=22&rft.volume=11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.journal-labphon.org%2Farticle%2F10.5334%2Flabphon.203&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5334%2Flabphon.203&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-xunmin-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-xunmin_27-0"><sup><b>27.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-xunmin_27-1"><sup><b>27.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-xunmin_27-2"><sup><b>27.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">李, 泳敏. 韩文的由来. 《新标准韩国语发音教程》. 天津大学出版社. 2008: 2. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787561828892" title="Special:网络书源/9787561828892"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9787561828892</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&rft.atitle=%E9%9F%A9%E6%96%87%E7%9A%84%E7%94%B1%E6%9D%A5&rft.aufirst=%E6%B3%B3%E6%95%8F&rft.aulast=%E6%9D%8E&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E6%96%B0%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%91%E9%9F%B3%E6%95%99%E7%A8%8B%E3%80%8B&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=9787561828892&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=%E5%A4%A9%E6%B4%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">平安道方言<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/t/</span>在<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/i/</span>或半元音<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/j/</span>不會顎化為<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/t͡ɕ/</span>、詞頭的<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/n/</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ɾ/</span>拼讀<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/i/</span>或半元音<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/j/</span>時候,<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/n/</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ɾ/</span>不脫落,而以上特點在文化語中除了部份r規定保留以外其他都沒有體現出來。平安道方言的文法特徵也基本沒有體現。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">出自《譯語類解》(<span><span title="諺文表記"><span lang="ko">역어유해</span></span><small>/</small><span title="漢字(諺漢混用)表記"><span lang="ko">譯語類解</span></span><sup></sup></span>)。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Cho, Sungdai; Whitman, John. Korean: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge University Press. 2019: 11–12. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-521-51485-9" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-521-51485-9"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-521-51485-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&rft.au=Whitman%2C+John&rft.aufirst=Sungdai&rft.aulast=Cho&rft.btitle=Korean%3A+A+Linguistic+Introduction&rft.date=2019&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-521-51485-9&rft.pages=11-12&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rams-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rams_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gustaf John Ramstedt (1952): <i>Einführung in die altaische Sprachwissenschaft</i> ("Introduction to Altaic Linguistics"). Volume I, <i>Lautlehre</i> ("Phonology").</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Georg, Stefan; Michalove, Peter A.; Ramer, Alexis Manaster; Sidwell, Paul J. <span style="padding-left:0.2em;">"</span>Telling general linguists about Altaic<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">"</span>. Journal of Linguistics: 65-98. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0022226798007312"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1017/S0022226798007312</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&rft.atitle=%22Telling+general+linguists+about+Altaic%22&rft.au=Georg%2C+Stefan%3B+Michalove%2C+Peter+A.%3B+Ramer%2C+Alexis+Manaster%3B+Sidwell%2C+Paul+J&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=35&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Linguistics&rft.pages=65-98&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0022226798007312&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Campbell, Lyle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/glossaryhistoric00camp_191">Glossary of Historical Linguistics</a>. Edinburgh University Press. 2007: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/glossaryhistoric00camp_191/page/n13">7</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-7486-3019-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-7486-3019-6"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-7486-3019-6</a>. <q>While 'Altaic' is repeated in encyclopedias and handbooks most specialists in these languages no longer believe that the three traditional supposed Altaic groups ... are related. In spite of this, Altaic does have a few dedicated followers.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&rft.aufirst=Lyle&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.btitle=Glossary+of+Historical+Linguistics&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-7486-3019-6&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fglossaryhistoric00camp_191&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Starostin, George. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oxfordre.com/linguistics/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.001.0001/acrefore-9780199384655-e-35">Altaic Languages</a>. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics. 2016 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-06-22</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780199384655" title="Special:网络书源/9780199384655"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9780199384655</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780199384655.013.35"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.35</span></a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210517130443/https://oxfordre.com/linguistics/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.001.0001/acrefore-9780199384655-e-35">存档</a>于2021-05-17). <q>Despite the validity of many of these objections, it remains unclear whether they are sufficient to completely discredit the hypothesis of a genetic connection between the various branches of “Altaic,” which continues to be actively supported by a small, but stable scholarly minority.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&rft.atitle=Altaic+Languages&rft.aufirst=George&rft.aulast=Starostin&rft.date=2016&rft.genre=unknown&rft.isbn=9780199384655&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Research+Encyclopedia+of+Linguistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foxfordre.com%2Flinguistics%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780199384655.001.0001%2Facrefore-9780199384655-e-35&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780199384655.013.35&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aks-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-aks_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/Item/E0078727">원시한반도어(原始韓半島語) - 한국민족문화대백과사전</a>. encykorea.aks.ac.kr. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-09-18</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210818054920/http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/Item/E0078727">存档</a>于2021-08-18).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&rft.atitle=%EC%9B%90%EC%8B%9C%ED%95%9C%EB%B0%98%EB%8F%84%EC%96%B4%28%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E9%9F%93%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6%E8%AA%9E%29+-+%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EB%AF%BC%EC%A1%B1%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94%EB%8C%80%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC%EC%82%AC%EC%A0%84&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=encykorea.aks.ac.kr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fencykorea.aks.ac.kr%2FContents%2FItem%2FE0078727&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Beckwith, Christopher. Koguryo, the Language of Japan's Continental Relatives. BRILL. 2004. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-90-04-13949-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-90-04-13949-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-90-04-13949-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&rft.au=Beckwith%2C+Christopher&rft.btitle=Koguryo%2C+the+Language+of+Japan%27s+Continental+Relatives&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-90-04-13949-7&rft.pub=BRILL&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Janhunen, Juha. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journal.fi/store/article/view/59468/20635">Reconstructio externa linguae Ghiliacorum</a>. Studia Orientalia. 2016, <b>117</b>: 3–27 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2020]</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&rft.atitle=Reconstructio+externa+linguae+Ghiliacorum&rft.aufirst=Juha&rft.aulast=Janhunen&rft.date=2016&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studia+Orientalia&rft.pages=3-27&rft.volume=117&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournal.fi%2Fstore%2Farticle%2Fview%2F59468%2F20635&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hudson, M., & Robbeets, M. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/evolutionary-human-sciences/article/archaeolinguistic-evidence-for-the-farminglanguage-dispersal-of-koreanic/CE1DF81011ED49CED531AA6475959157">Archaeolinguistic evidence for the farming/language dispersal of Koreanic.</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210609090626/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/evolutionary-human-sciences/article/archaeolinguistic-evidence-for-the-farminglanguage-dispersal-of-koreanic/CE1DF81011ED49CED531AA6475959157">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>) Evolutionary Human Sciences, 2, E52. doi:10.1017/ehs.2020.49</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHulbert190628-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHulbert190628_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHulbert1906">Hulbert (1906)</a>,第28頁.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfnp模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFHulbert1906 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E6%8C%87%E5%90%91%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:含有哈佛参考文献格式系列模板链接指向错误的页面">幫助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hulbert, Homer B. A Comparative Grammar Of The Korean Language and the Dravidian Languages of India. Methodist Publishing House. 1905.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&rft.au=Hulbert%2C+Homer+B.&rft.btitle=A+Comparative+Grammar+Of+The+Korean+Language+and+the+Dravidian+Languages+of+India&rft.date=1905&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Methodist+Publishing+House&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Ohno, Susumu. The Origin of the Japanese Language. Journal of Japanese studies. 1970.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&rft.aufirst=Susumu&rft.aulast=Ohno&rft.btitle=The+Origin+of+the+Japanese+Language&rft.date=1970&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Journal+of+Japanese+studies&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Paek, Nak-chun. The history of Protestant missions in Korea, 1832-1910. Yonsei University Press. 1987.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&rft.aufirst=Nak-chun&rft.aulast=Paek&rft.btitle=The+history+of+Protestant+missions+in+Korea%2C+1832-1910&rft.date=1987&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Yonsei+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Clippinger, Morgan E. Korean and Dravidian: Lexical Evidence for an Old Theory. Korean Studies (8): 1-57. 1984. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fks.1984.0011"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1353/ks.1984.0011</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&rft.atitle=Korean+and+Dravidian%3A+Lexical+Evidence+for+an+Old+Theory&rft.au=Clippinger%2C+Morgan+E&rft.date=1984&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=1-57&rft.volume=Korean+Studies&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fks.1984.0011&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Lee, Ki-Moon; Ramsey, S. Robert. A History of the Korean Language. Cambridge University Press. 2011: 28-29. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-139-49448-9" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-139-49448-9"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-1-139-49448-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&rft.au=Lee%2C+Ki-Moon%3B+Ramsey%2C+S.+Robert&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Korean+Language&rft.date=2011&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-139-49448-9&rft.pages=28-29&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Lee, Ki-Moon; Ramsey, S. Robert. A History of the Korean Language. Cambridge University Press. 2011: 15. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-139-49448-9" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-139-49448-9"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-1-139-49448-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&rft.au=Lee%2C+Ki-Moon%3B+Ramsey%2C+S.+Robert&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Korean+Language&rft.date=2011&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-139-49448-9&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Lee, Ki-Moon; Ramsey, S. Robert. A History of the Korean Language. Cambridge University Press. 2011. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-139-49448-9" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-139-49448-9"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-1-139-49448-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&rft.au=Lee%2C+Ki-Moon%3B+Ramsey%2C+S.+Robert&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Korean+Language&rft.date=2011&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-139-49448-9&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Min-Sohn, Ho. The Korean Language. Cambridge University Press. 2001: 29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&rft.au=Min-Sohn%2C+Ho&rft.btitle=The+Korean+Language&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LbmP_1KIQ_8C&pg=PA109">Pozzi & Janhunen & Weiers 2006</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20160426052131/https://books.google.com/books?id=LbmP_1KIQ_8C&pg=PA109">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>), p. 109</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Janhunen, Juha. The Lost Languages of Koguryo. Journal of Inner and East Asian Studies. 2005, <b>2–2</b>: 65–86.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&rft.atitle=The+Lost+Languages+of+Koguryo&rft.aufirst=Juha&rft.aulast=Janhunen&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Inner+and+East+Asian+Studies&rft.pages=65-86&rft.volume=2-2&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kim, Nam-Kil. The World's Major Languages. Oxford University Press. 1987: 881-898. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-19-520521-3" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-19-520521-3"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-19-520521-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&rft.au=Kim%2C+Nam-Kil&rft.btitle=The+World%27s+Major+Languages&rft.date=1987&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-19-520521-3&rft.pages=881-898&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Sohn, Ho-Min. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/koreanlanguage0000sohn">The Korean Language</a>. Cambridge University Press. 1999. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-521-36123-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-521-36123-1"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-521-36123-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&rft.au=Sohn%2C+Ho-Min&rft.btitle=The+Korean+Language&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-521-36123-1&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fkoreanlanguage0000sohn&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=49" title="编辑章节:外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">维基百科提供如下语言版本:<b><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ko:"> 韩语維基百科</a></b></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%87%E5%BA%93" title="维基文库">维基文库</a>有此种语言版本:<b><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/ko:" class="extiw" title="s:ko:">韩语维基文库</a></b></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%BA%E6%95%99%E7%A7%91%E6%9B%B8" title="維基教科書">維基教科書</a>中的相關電子教程:<b><a href="https://zh.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E8%AA%9E" class="extiw" title="b:韓語">韓語</a></b></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">關於一系列與朝鮮語有關的詞語,參見<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%BA%E8%A9%9E%E5%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="維基詞典">維基詞典</a>上<a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:%E9%9F%93%E8%AA%9E" class="extiw" title="wikt:Category:韓語"><b>韓語</b>的詞語目錄</a></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>上的相关多媒体资源:<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Korean_language" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Korean language"><span style="font-weight:bold;">朝鮮語</span></a></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kore.wikia.com/">漢字위키 (한자위키)</a> - 韓漢混用版百科全書 漢字 위키百科</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dh-korean.com/">大韓韓國語專門學校</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20130314200251/http://www.dh-korean.com/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100130233930/http://www.topik.or.kr/">韓語能力檢定</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.koreasociety.org/images/pdf/KoreanStudies/Monographs_GeneralReading/BRIEF%20HISTORY%20OF%20KOREA.pdf">Brief History of Korea</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20230320172156/https://www.koreasociety.org/images/pdf/KoreanStudies/Monographs_GeneralReading/BRIEF%20HISTORY%20OF%20KOREA.pdf">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://openslang.com">OpenSlang.com 世界俚語詞典-朝鮮語</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20211129172212/http://openslang.com/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li></ul> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="韓-&#123;&#125;-語_/_朝-&#123;&#125;-鮮語" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%9F%93%E8%AA%9E" title="Template:韓語"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E9%9F%93%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:韓語(页面不存在)"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E9%9F%93%E8%AA%9E" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:韓語"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="韓-&#123;&#125;-語_/_朝-&#123;&#125;-鮮語" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">韓語</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">朝鮮語</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">現代韓語</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">標準語</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%AA%9E_(%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B)" title="標準語 (韓國)">標準語</a>(韩国)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E8%AA%9E" title="文化語">文化語</a>(朝鲜)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">特徵</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="朝鲜语音系">音韻</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3%E5%92%8C%E8%B0%90%E5%BE%8B" title="元音和谐律">元音和谐律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%AD%E9%9F%B3%E6%B3%95%E5%89%87" title="頭音法則">頭音法則</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%87%E6%B3%95" title="韓語文法">語法</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="朝鮮語方言">方言</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="朝鲜半岛">朝鲜半岛</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80_(%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E8%AF%AD)" title="中部方言 (朝鲜语)">中部方言</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%A0%E6%B8%85%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="忠清方言">忠清方言</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="京畿方言" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="경기_방언"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%AC%E7%95%BF%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="京畿方言(页面不存在)">京畿方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B2%BD%EA%B8%B0_%EB%B0%A9%EC%96%B8" class="extiw" title="ko:경기 방언"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">경기_방언</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E5%B0%94%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="首尔方言">首尔方言</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="京畿方言的分支" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="경기_방언#지역별_구분"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%AC%E7%95%BF%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="京畿方言的分支(页面不存在)">其他京畿方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B2%BD%EA%B8%B0_%EB%B0%A9%EC%96%B8#지역별_구분" class="extiw" title="ko:경기 방언"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">경기_방언#지역별_구분</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="黃海方言" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="황해_방언"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%83%E6%B5%B7%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黃海方言(页面不存在)">黃海方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%99%A9%ED%95%B4_%EB%B0%A9%EC%96%B8" class="extiw" title="ko:황해 방언"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">황해_방언</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="岭西方言" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="영서 방언"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B2%AD%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="岭西方言(页面不存在)">江原西部方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%84%9C_%EB%B0%A9%EC%96%B8" class="extiw" title="ko:영서 방언"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">영서 방언</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="岭东方言" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="영동 방언"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B2%AD%E4%B8%9C%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="岭东方言(页面不存在)">江原东部方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%81%EB%8F%99_%EB%B0%A9%EC%96%B8" class="extiw" title="ko:영동 방언"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">영동 방언</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%86%E5%B0%9A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="庆尚方言">庆尚方言</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="庆南方言" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="동남_방언#지역별_차이"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%86%E5%8D%97%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="庆南方言(页面不存在)">庆南方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EB%82%A8_%EB%B0%A9%EC%96%B8#지역별_차이" class="extiw" title="ko:동남 방언"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">동남_방언#지역별_차이</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="庆北方言" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="동남_방언#지역별_차이"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%86%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="庆北方言(页面不存在)">庆北方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EB%82%A8_%EB%B0%A9%EC%96%B8#지역별_차이" class="extiw" title="ko:동남 방언"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">동남_방언#지역별_차이</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="三陟方言" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="동남_방언#지역별_차이"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E9%99%9F%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="三陟方言(页面不存在)">三陟方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EB%82%A8_%EB%B0%A9%EC%96%B8#지역별_차이" class="extiw" title="ko:동남 방언"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">동남_방언#지역별_차이</span></a></span>)</span></span>(与岭东方言过渡区)</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="闻庆方言" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="동남_방언#지역별_차이"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%97%BB%E5%BA%86%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="闻庆方言(页面不存在)">闻庆方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EB%82%A8_%EB%B0%A9%EC%96%B8#지역별_차이" class="extiw" title="ko:동남 방언"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">동남_방언#지역별_차이</span></a></span>)</span></span>(与忠清方言过渡区)</li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="咸鏡方言" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="함경도 방언"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%B8%E9%95%9C%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="咸镜方言">咸鏡方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%A8%EA%B2%BD%EB%8F%84_%EB%B0%A9%EC%96%B8" class="extiw" title="ko:함경도 방언"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">함경도 방언</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="全羅方言" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="전라도 방언"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E7%BE%85%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="全羅方言(页面不存在)">全羅方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EB%9D%BC%EB%8F%84_%EB%B0%A9%EC%96%B8" class="extiw" title="ko:전라도 방언"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">전라도 방언</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="全东北部方言" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="서남 방언#방언 구분"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97%E9%83%A8%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="全东北部方言(页面不存在)">全东北部方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%9C%EB%82%A8_%EB%B0%A9%EC%96%B8#방언_구분" class="extiw" title="ko:서남 방언"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">서남 방언#방언 구분</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="全东南部方言" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="서남 방언#방언 구분"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E9%83%A8%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="全东南部方言(页面不存在)">全东南部方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%9C%EB%82%A8_%EB%B0%A9%EC%96%B8#방언_구분" class="extiw" title="ko:서남 방언"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">서남 방언#방언 구분</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="全西北部方言" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="서남 방언#방언 구분"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%8C%97%E9%83%A8%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="全西北部方言(页面不存在)">全西北部方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%9C%EB%82%A8_%EB%B0%A9%EC%96%B8#방언_구분" class="extiw" title="ko:서남 방언"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">서남 방언#방언 구분</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="全西南部方言" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="서남 방언#방언 구분"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%97%E9%83%A8%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="全西南部方言(页面不存在)">全西南部方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%9C%EB%82%A8_%EB%B0%A9%EC%96%B8#방언_구분" class="extiw" title="ko:서남 방언"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">서남 방언#방언 구분</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%AE%89%E9%81%93%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="平安道方言">平安方言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E9%95%87%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="六镇方言">六镇方言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%9F%E5%B7%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="濟州語">濟州語</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="濟州語方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jeju_language#Geographic_distribution"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BF%9F%E5%B7%9E%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="濟州語方言(页面不存在)">濟州語方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeju_language#Geographic_distribution" class="extiw" title="en:Jeju language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jeju_language#Geographic_distribution</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li>济州东部方言</li> <li>济州西北方言</li> <li>西归浦方言</li> <li>济州西南方言</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">半岛以外</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E" title="中國朝鮮語">中國朝鮮語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%BA%97%E8%AA%9E_(%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF)" title="高麗語 (蘇聯)">高麗語</a>(俄羅斯)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E" title="在日朝鮮語">在日朝鮮語</a>(日本)</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="在美朝鮮語" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="在米朝鮮語"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%A8%E7%BE%8E%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="在美朝鮮語(页面不存在)">在美朝鮮語</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E7%B1%B3%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E" class="extiw" title="ja:在米朝鮮語"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">在米朝鮮語</span></a></span>)</span></span>(美国)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">書寫系統</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AB%BA%E6%B7%B7%E5%AF%AB" title="漢諺混寫">韓漢混用文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E8%AF%AD%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%94%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="朝鲜语西里尔转写系统">朝鲜语西里尔转写系统</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8F%E8%AE%80" title="吏讀">吏讀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%84%89%E6%9C%AD" title="鄉札">鄉札</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A3%E8%A8%A3_(%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E)" title="口訣 (朝鮮語)">口訣</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BA%E6%96%87" title="諺文">諺文</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%93%E6%B0%91%E6%AD%A3%E9%9F%B3" title="訓民正音">訓民正音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%AB%BA%E6%96%87" title="古諺文">古諺文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BA%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="諺文字母列表">諺文字母列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%B0%E7%BC%80%E5%AD%97%E6%B3%95" title="朝鲜语新缀字法">朝鲜语新缀字法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E%E8%A6%8F%E7%AF%84%E9%9B%86" title="朝鮮語規範集">朝鮮語規範集</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BA%E6%96%87%E6%AD%A3%E5%AF%AB%E6%B3%95" title="諺文正寫法">諺文正寫法</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E8%AA%9E%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%AD%97%E8%A1%A8%E8%A8%98%E6%B3%95" title="韓語羅馬字表記法">拉丁化</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%A7%91%E6%81%A9-%E8%B3%B4%E8%82%96%E7%88%BE%E8%A1%A8%E8%A8%98%E6%B3%95" title="馬科恩-賴肖爾表記法">馬科恩-賴肖爾表記法</a></li> <li><a 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style="width:1%">关联语言</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="日语">日语</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="对马方言">对马方言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E5%BC%8F%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="韩式英语">韩式英语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E6%B3%B0%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB#阿尔泰超语系假说" title="阿尔泰语系">阿尔泰超语系假说</a></li> <li>其他<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F#东北亚语言联盟" title="语言联盟">东北亚语言</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="東北亞語言" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%9D%B1%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="Template:東北亞語言"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E6%9D%B1%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:東北亞語言(页面不存在)"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%9D%B1%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:東北亞語言"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="東北亞語言" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">東北亞語言</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">語言</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">語言</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="上古汉语">上古汉语</a> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="中古汉语">中古汉语</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="早期官话">近代汉语</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E" title="古朝鮮語">古朝鮮語</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8F%A5%E9%BA%97%E8%AA%9E" title="高句麗語">高句麗語</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A4%E6%B5%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="渤海語">渤海語</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E6%BF%9F%E8%AA%9E" title="百濟語">百濟語</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%BE%85%E8%AA%9E" title="新羅語">新羅語</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E5%80%BB%E8%AF%AD" title="伽倻语">伽倻语</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E" title="上古日語">上古日語</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BC%8A%E5%8A%AA%E8%AA%9E" title="阿伊努語">阿伊努語</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">語言系屬</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="汉藏语系">汉藏语系</a> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E6%B3%B0%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="阿尔泰语系">阿尔泰语系</a><sup>爭議</sup> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="突厥语系">突厥语系</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="蒙古语系">蒙古语系</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%A1-%E9%80%9A%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="满-通古斯语系">满-通古斯语系</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%B6%E9%A4%98%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" title="扶餘語系">扶餘語系</a><sup>爭議</sup> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="朝鲜语系">朝鲜语系</a><sup>爭議</sup> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC-%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="日本-琉球语系">日琉语系</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="古西伯利亞語言">古西伯利亞語言</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B6%E5%B0%BC%E5%A1%9E%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="叶尼塞语系">叶尼塞语系</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E6%91%A9%EF%BC%8D%E9%98%BF%E7%95%99%E7%94%B3%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="爱斯基摩-阿留申语系">爱斯基摩-阿留申语系</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E5%8D%A1%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="尤卡吉尔语系">尤卡吉尔语系</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E7%A7%91%E5%A5%87-%E5%A0%AA%E5%AF%9F%E5%8A%A0%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="楚科奇-堪察加语系">楚科奇—堪察加语系</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%A4%AB%E8%B5%AB%E8%AA%9E" title="尼夫赫語">尼夫赫語系</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="乌拉尔语系">乌拉尔语系</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">學說</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F#东北亚语言联盟" title="语言联盟">東北亞語言聯盟</a> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E6%B3%B0%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB#阿尔泰超语系假说" title="阿尔泰语系">阿爾泰超語系假說</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9176#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9176#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9176#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007548490105171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85073088">美国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00573711">日本</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="korejština"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph121868&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KSH1998012749">韩国</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">学术</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300388633">AAT</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐q7b5q Cached time: 20241124091553 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 4.158 seconds Real time usage: 4.462 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 212530/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1076978/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 162583/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 36/100 Expensive parser function count: 129/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 191297/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 1.298/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 17451798/52428800 bytes Lua Profile: ? 280 ms 19.4% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument 240 ms 16.7% recursiveClone <mwInit.lua:45> 220 ms 15.3% 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