CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Ramallah - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"8c42ea34-ed6a-4f45-8c71-1384c019f953","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Ramallah","wgTitle":"Ramallah","wgCurRevisionId":1253371998,"wgRevisionId":1253371998,"wgArticleId":44132,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments","Pages using the Phonos extension","All articles with bare URLs for citations","Articles with bare URLs for citations from August 2024","Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations","Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages","Use mdy dates from July 2012", "Articles containing Arabic-language text","Articles containing Hebrew-language text","Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images","Coordinates on Wikidata","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from August 2014","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2022","All articles containing potentially dated statements","Articles with unsourced statements from August 2010","Articles with unsourced statements from February 2008","All articles with vague or ambiguous time","Vague or ambiguous time from March 2024","Wikipedia articles needing clarification from March 2024","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2010","All accuracy disputes","Articles with disputed statements from January 2024","CS1 Hebrew-language sources (he)","CS1: long volume value","CS1 French-language sources (fr)","CS1 interwiki-linked names","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate","Ramallah", "Capitals in the State of Palestine","Cities in the West Bank","Palestinian Christian communities","Populated places established in the 16th century","Municipalities of the State of Palestine"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Ramallah","wgRelevantArticleId":44132,"wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRestrictionEdit":["extendedconfirmed"],"wgRestrictionMove":["extendedconfirmed"],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":80000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":31.9,"lon":35.2 },"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q158119","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.icons":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready", "ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.phonos.init","mediawiki.page.gallery","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession", "wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.phonos.icons%2Cstyles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Mausol%C3%A9e_de_Yasser_Arafat.jpg/1200px-Mausol%C3%A9e_de_Yasser_Arafat.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="900"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Mausol%C3%A9e_de_Yasser_Arafat.jpg/800px-Mausol%C3%A9e_de_Yasser_Arafat.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Mausol%C3%A9e_de_Yasser_Arafat.jpg/640px-Mausol%C3%A9e_de_Yasser_Arafat.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="480"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Ramallah - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Ramallah rootpage-Ramallah skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Ramallah" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Ramallah" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Ramallah" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Ramallah" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ottoman_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ottoman_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Ottoman period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ottoman_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christian_presence,_17th–21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christian_presence,_17th–21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Christian presence, 17th–21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christian_presence,_17th–21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_Mandate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_Mandate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>British Mandate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_Mandate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jordanian_and_Israeli_occupation:_1948—1993" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jordanian_and_Israeli_occupation:_1948—1993"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Jordanian and Israeli occupation: 1948—1993</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jordanian_and_Israeli_occupation:_1948—1993-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palestinian_Authority_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palestinian_Authority_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Palestinian Authority rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palestinian_Authority_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography_and_climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography_and_climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography and climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography_and_climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Health</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Religious institutions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ramallah_folklore" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ramallah_folklore"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Ramallah folklore</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ramallah_folklore-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palestinian_costume" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palestinian_costume"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Palestinian costume</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palestinian_costume-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>International relations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle International relations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ramallah</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 105 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-105" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">105 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ramallah" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A6m%C3%A6la" title="Ræmæla – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Ræmæla" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87" title="رام الله – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رام الله" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AC%D5%A1" title="Ռամալլա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ռամալլա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramala" title="Ramala – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ramala" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramala" title="Ramala – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ramala" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8C" title="Рамаллагь – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Рамаллагь" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ramallah" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9" title="রামাল্লাহ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রামাল্লাহ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ramallah" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%BB" title="Рамаллаһ – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Рамаллаһ" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Рамала – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рамала" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Рамала – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Рамала" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Рамала – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Рамала" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ramallah" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramal%C2%B7lah" title="Ramal·lah – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ramal·lah" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Ramallah" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A1mal%C3%A1h" title="Rámaláh – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rámaláh" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Ramallah" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ramallah" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ramallah" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ramallah" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C4%81m_All%C4%81h" title="Rām Allāh – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rām Allāh" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B1" title="Ραμάλα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ραμάλα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramala" title="Ramala – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ramala" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramalaho" title="Ramalaho – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ramalaho" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ramallah" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87" title="رام‌الله – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رام‌الله" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ramallah" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ramallah" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramala" title="Ramala – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ramala" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%EB%A7%90%EB%9D%BC" title="라말라 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="라말라" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B0" title="Ռամալլահ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռամալլահ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="रामल्ला – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रामल्ला" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramala" title="Ramala – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ramala" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramala" title="Ramala – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ramala" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Ramallah" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ramallah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%C3%A6" title="Рамаллæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Рамаллæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ramallah" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ramallah" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%9C%D7%94" title="רמאללה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רמאללה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90" title="რამალა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რამალა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%84%DB%81" title="رملہ – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="رملہ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Рамалла – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Рамалла" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ramallah" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramella" title="Ramella – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Ramella" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ramallah" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C4%81malla" title="Rāmalla – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rāmalla" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Ramallah" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramala" title="Ramala – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ramala" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Ramallah" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Ramallah" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A1mall%C3%A1h" title="Rámalláh – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rámalláh" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Рамала – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Рамала" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2" title="റാമല്ല – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റാമല്ല" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87" title="رام الله – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رام الله" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87" title="رام‌الله – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="رام‌الله" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ramallah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ramallah" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ramallah" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="रामल्ला – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="रामल्ला" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%9E%E3%83%83%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC" title="ラマッラー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラマッラー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Ramallah" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%D3%80" title="РамаллахӀ – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="РамаллахӀ" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ramallah" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ramallah" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ramallah" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramalla" title="Ramalla – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ramalla" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE" title="ਰਾਮੱਲਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰਾਮੱਲਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%DB%81" title="رام اللہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="رام اللہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87" title="رام الله – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="رام الله" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Ramallah" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ramallah" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramala" title="Ramala – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ramala" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ramallah" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Рамалла – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рамалла" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Ramallah" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ramallah" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallahu" title="Ramallahu – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ramallahu" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ramallah" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramall%C3%A1h" title="Ramalláh – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ramalláh" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramala" title="Ramala – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ramala" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%95%DA%B5%DA%B5%D8%A7" title="ڕامەڵڵا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕامەڵڵا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Рамала – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рамала" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ramallah" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ramallah" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ramallah" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE" title="ரமல்லா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ரமல்லா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C" title="รอมัลลอฮ์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รอมัลลอฮ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D2%B3" title="Ромуллоҳ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ромуллоҳ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ramallah" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Рамалла – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рамалла" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%DB%81" title="رام اللہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رام اللہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Ramallah" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ramallah" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ramallah" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%E5%AE%89%E6%8B%89" title="拉姆安拉 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="拉姆安拉" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%9C%D7%90" title="ראמאללא – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ראמאללא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%E5%AE%89%E6%8B%89" title="拉姆安拉 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="拉姆安拉" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Ramallah" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Ramallah" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%E5%AE%89%E6%8B%89" title="拉姆安拉 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="拉姆安拉" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Ramallah" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Ramallah" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q158119#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ramallah" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Ramallah" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ramallah"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramallah&action=edit" title="This page is protected.
You can view its source [e]" accesskey="e"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramallah&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ramallah"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramallah&action=edit"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramallah&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Ramallah" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Ramallah" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramallah&oldid=1253371998" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramallah&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Ramallah&id=1253371998&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRamallah"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRamallah"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Ramallah&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramallah&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ramallah" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Ramallah" hreflang="en"><span>Wikinews</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Ramallah" hreflang="en"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q158119" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ramallah&params=31_54_N_35_12_E_region:PS_type:city(43880)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">31°54′N</span> <span class="longitude">35°12′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">31.900°N 35.200°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">31.900; 35.200</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#extended" title="This article is extended-protected"><img alt="Extended-protected article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Palestinian city in the West Bank</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the major Palestinian city in the West Bank. For other places with similar names, see <a href="/wiki/Ramla_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Ramla (disambiguation)">Ramla (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Municipality type A in Ramallah and al-Bireh, State of Palestine</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Ramallah</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Palestinian_Authority_areas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Palestinian Authority areas">Municipality type A (City)</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Arabic transcription(s)</th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">رام الله</span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Hebrew transcription(s)</th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew script">Hebrew</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">רמאללה</span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style="height:97px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ramallah_Sunset.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ramallah_Sunset.jpg/288px-Ramallah_Sunset.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ramallah_Sunset.jpg/432px-Ramallah_Sunset.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ramallah_Sunset.jpg/576px-Ramallah_Sunset.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6874" data-file-height="2332" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="height:106px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mausol%C3%A9e_de_Yasser_Arafat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Mausol%C3%A9e_de_Yasser_Arafat.jpg/142px-Mausol%C3%A9e_de_Yasser_Arafat.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Mausol%C3%A9e_de_Yasser_Arafat.jpg/213px-Mausol%C3%A9e_de_Yasser_Arafat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Mausol%C3%A9e_de_Yasser_Arafat.jpg/284px-Mausol%C3%A9e_de_Yasser_Arafat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="height:106px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D9%85%D8%A6%D8%B0%D9%86%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/%D9%85%D8%A6%D8%B0%D9%86%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1.jpg/142px-%D9%85%D8%A6%D8%B0%D9%86%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/%D9%85%D8%A6%D8%B0%D9%86%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1.jpg/213px-%D9%85%D8%A6%D8%B0%D9%86%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/%D9%85%D8%A6%D8%B0%D9%86%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1.jpg/284px-%D9%85%D8%A6%D8%B0%D9%86%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="height:106px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palestine_Medical_Complex_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Palestine_Medical_Complex_001.jpg/142px-Palestine_Medical_Complex_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Palestine_Medical_Complex_001.jpg/213px-Palestine_Medical_Complex_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Palestine_Medical_Complex_001.jpg/284px-Palestine_Medical_Complex_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="height:106px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mahmoud_Darwish_Museum_IMG_4087.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Mahmoud_Darwish_Museum_IMG_4087.jpg/142px-Mahmoud_Darwish_Museum_IMG_4087.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Mahmoud_Darwish_Museum_IMG_4087.jpg/213px-Mahmoud_Darwish_Museum_IMG_4087.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Mahmoud_Darwish_Museum_IMG_4087.jpg/284px-Mahmoud_Darwish_Museum_IMG_4087.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3888" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roman_Grain_mill_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Roman_Grain_mill_-_panoramio.jpg/142px-Roman_Grain_mill_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Roman_Grain_mill_-_panoramio.jpg/213px-Roman_Grain_mill_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Roman_Grain_mill_-_panoramio.jpg/284px-Roman_Grain_mill_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3776" data-file-height="2520" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2010-08_Taybeh_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/2010-08_Taybeh_17.jpg/142px-2010-08_Taybeh_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/2010-08_Taybeh_17.jpg/213px-2010-08_Taybeh_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/2010-08_Taybeh_17.jpg/284px-2010-08_Taybeh_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption"><b>Clockwise from top:</b><br />Ramallah skyline and the central mosque, Arafat mausoleum, Our Lady of the Annunciation Church, Roman ruins, <a href="/wiki/Al-Manara_Square" title="Al-Manara Square">Al-Manara Square</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ramallah_Logo.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Official logo of Ramallah"><img alt="Official logo of Ramallah" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/28/Ramallah_Logo.gif/68px-Ramallah_Logo.gif" decoding="async" width="68" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/28/Ramallah_Logo.gif/102px-Ramallah_Logo.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/28/Ramallah_Logo.gif/136px-Ramallah_Logo.gif 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="383" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Municipal seal of Ramallah</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palestine_location_map_wide.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Ramallah is located in State of Palestine"><img alt="Ramallah is located in State of Palestine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Palestine_location_map_wide.png/250px-Palestine_location_map_wide.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="465" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Palestine_location_map_wide.png/375px-Palestine_location_map_wide.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Palestine_location_map_wide.png/500px-Palestine_location_map_wide.png 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="1141" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:38.095%;left:57.692%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Ramallah"><img alt="Ramallah" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Ramallah</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Ramallah within <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ramallah&params=31_54_N_35_12_E_region:PS_type:city(43880)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">31°54′N</span> <span class="longitude">35°12′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">31.900°N 35.200°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">31.900; 35.200</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Palestine_grid" title="Palestine grid">Palestine grid</a></th><td class="infobox-data">168/145</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">State</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">State of Palestine</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Governorates_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Governorates of the Palestinian National Authority">Governorate</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ramallah_and_al-Bireh_Governorate" title="Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate">Ramallah and al-Bireh</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Palestinian_Authority_areas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Palestinian Authority areas">City</a> (from 1995)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Head of Municipality</th><td class="infobox-data">Issa Kassis</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Palestinian_Authority_areas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Palestinian Authority areas">Municipality type A (City)</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">16,344 <a href="/wiki/Dunam" title="Dunam">dunams</a> (16.3 km<sup>2</sup> or 6.3 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2024)<sup id="cite_ref-pop2017_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop2017-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Palestinian_Authority_areas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Palestinian Authority areas">Municipality type A (City)</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">43,880</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,700/km<sup>2</sup> (7,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">153,237 (2,002) <br /> 362,445 (2,016) <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ramallah.ps/">www.ramallah.ps</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ramallah</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">rə-<span style="font-size:90%">MAL</span>-ə</i></a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">rə-<span style="font-size:90%">MAH</span>-lə</i></a>;<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">رام الله</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/b7\/Ar-Ramallah.oga\/Ar-Ramallah.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"R\u0101m All\u0101h"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Ar-Ramallah.oga"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/Ar-Ramallah.oga/Ar-Ramallah.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Rām Allāh</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Ar-Ramallah.oga" title="File:Ar-Ramallah.oga">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></i></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'God's Height'<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is a <a href="/wiki/Palestinians" title="Palestinians">Palestinian</a> city in the central <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>, that serves as the <i>de facto</i> administrative capital of the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">State of Palestine</a>. It is situated on the <a href="/wiki/Judaean_Mountains" title="Judaean Mountains">Judaean Mountains</a>, 10 km (6 miles) north of <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, at an average elevation of 872 meters (2,861 ft) above sea level, adjacent to <a href="/wiki/Al-Bireh" title="Al-Bireh">al-Bireh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ramallah has buildings containing masonry from the period of <a href="/wiki/Herod_the_Great" title="Herod the Great">Herod the Great</a>, but no complete building predates the <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a> of the 11th century.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The modern city was founded during the 16th century by the Hadadeens, an <a href="/wiki/Arab_Christians" title="Arab Christians">Arab Christian</a> clan descended from <a href="/wiki/Ghassanids" title="Ghassanids">Ghassanids</a>. In 1517, the city was incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, and in 1920, it became part of <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">British Mandatory Palestine</a> after it was <a href="/wiki/Sinai_and_Palestine_campaign" title="Sinai and Palestine campaign">captured by the United Kingdom</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a> saw the entire West Bank, including Ramallah, <a href="/wiki/Jordanian_annexation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Jordanian annexation of the West Bank">occupied and annexed</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Transjordan</a>. Ramallah was later captured by <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> in the 1967 <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a>. Since the 1995 <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a>, Ramallah has been governed by the PNA (<a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">Palestinian National Authority</a>) as part of <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_enclaves" title="Palestinian enclaves">Area A of the West Bank</a>. </p><p>In recent years, Ramallah has emerged as a key political, cultural, and economic center.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Loungo_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Loungo-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It houses various Palestinian governmental bodies, including the <a href="/wiki/Mukataa" title="Mukataa">Mukataa</a>, the official residence of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" title="President of the Palestinian National Authority">President of the Palestinian National Authority</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Legislative_Council" title="Palestinian Legislative Council">Palestinian Legislative Council</a>, and the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Security_Services" title="Palestinian Security Services">Palestinian Security Services</a>. It is also home to several museums and cultural centers, and has a notable nightlife scene. While historically a predominantly Christian town, <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslims</a> constituted a majority of Ramallah's 38,998 residents by 2017,<sup id="cite_ref-مولد_تلقائيا342_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-مولد_تلقائيا342-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with Christians making up a significant minority. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3></div> <p>Ramallah was founded in the 16th century by the <i>Hadadeens</i>, an <a href="/wiki/Arab_Christians" title="Arab Christians">Arab Christian</a> clan. The city boasts archaeological remnants from earlier epochs.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Rock-cut_tombs_in_ancient_Israel" title="Rock-cut tombs in ancient Israel">Ancient rock-cut tombs</a> have been found near Ramallah.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Located just south of the built-up area is <a href="/wiki/Tell_en-Nasbeh" title="Tell en-Nasbeh">Tell en-Nasbeh</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_site" title="Archaeological site">archeological site</a> where biblical <a href="/wiki/Mizpah_in_Benjamin" title="Mizpah in Benjamin">Mizpah in Benjamin</a> is likely to have been located.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several Ramallah buildings <a href="/wiki/Spolia" title="Spolia">incorporate masonry</a> dating back to the reign of <a href="/wiki/Herod_the_Great" title="Herod the Great">Herod the Great</a> (37–4 BCE).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Potsherd" class="mw-redirect" title="Potsherd">Potsherds</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Crusader_states" title="Crusader states">Crusader</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ayyubid_dynasty" title="Ayyubid dynasty">Ayyubid</a> and early Ottoman period have also been found there.<sup id="cite_ref-Finkelstein_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Finkelstein-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ramallah has been identified with the <a href="/wiki/Crusader_states" title="Crusader states">Crusader</a> place called <i>Ramalie</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Remains of a building with an <a href="/wiki/Arch" title="Arch">arched</a> doorway from the Crusader era, called <i>al-Burj</i>, have been identified,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the original use of the building is undetermined.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ottoman_period">Ottoman period</h3></div> <p>The area of Ramallah was incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> in 1517 with all of <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a>. Modern Ramallah was founded in the mid-1500s by the Haddadins (also: Haddad<i>ee</i>n), a clan of brothers descended from <a href="/wiki/Ghassanid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghassanid">Ghassanid</a> <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a>. The Haddadins (ancestors of the present-day Jadallah family, among others), and their leader Rashid el-Haddadin, arrived from east of the <a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a> from the areas of <a href="/wiki/Al_Karak" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Karak">Karak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shoubak" title="Shoubak">Shoubak</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-laoc_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laoc-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Haddadin migration is attributed to fighting and unrest among clans in that area. </p><p>Haddadin was attracted to the mountainous site of Ramallah because it was similar to the mountainous areas he came from. In addition, the heavily forested area could supply him with plenty of fuel for his forges.<sup id="cite_ref-laoc_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laoc-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1596, Ramallah was listed in the <a href="/wiki/Defter" title="Defter">tax registers</a> as being in the <i><a href="/wiki/Nahiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Nahiya">nahiya</a></i> of Quds (Jerusalem), part of the <i><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Sanjak" title="Jerusalem Sanjak">Liwa of Quds</a></i>. It had a population of 71 Christian households and 9 <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> households. It paid a fixed tax rate of 25% on wheat, barley, olives, vines or fruit trees, and goats or beehives; a total of 9,400 <a href="/wiki/Ak%C3%A7e" title="Akçe">akçe</a>. All of the revenue went to a <a href="/wiki/Waqf" title="Waqf">waqf</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1838, American biblical scholar <a href="/wiki/Edward_Robinson_(scholar)" title="Edward Robinson (scholar)">Edward Robinson</a> visited the area, noting that the inhabitants were Christian "of the Greek rite". There were 200 taxable men, which gives an estimated total population of 800–900 people. The village "belonged" to the <a href="/wiki/Haram_al-Sharif" class="mw-redirect" title="Haram al-Sharif">Haram al-Sharif</a>, Jerusalem, to which it paid an annual tax of 350 Mids of grain.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1883, the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Exploration_Fund" title="Palestine Exploration Fund">PEF</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/PEF_Survey_of_Palestine" title="PEF Survey of Palestine">Survey of Western Palestine</a></i> described Ramallah as </p> <blockquote><p>A large Christian village, of well-built stone houses, standing on a high ridge, with a view on the west extending to the sea. It stands amongst gardens and olive-yards, and has three springs to the south and one on the west; on the north there are three more, within a mile from the village. On the east there is a well. There are rock-cut tombs to the north-east with well-cut entrances, but completely blocked with rubbish. In the village is a Greek church, and on the east a Latin convent and a Protestant schoolhouse, all modern buildings. The village lands are <a href="/wiki/Wakuf" class="mw-redirect" title="Wakuf">Wakuf</a>, or ecclesiastical property, belonging to the Haram of Jerusalem. About a quarter of the inhabitants are Roman Catholics, the rest Orthodox Greeks.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>Ramallah was declared a modern city in 1908. It had an elected municipality as well as partnership projects with the adjacent town of <a href="/wiki/Al-Bireh" title="Al-Bireh">al-Bireh</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ramallah_Friends_Schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramallah Friends Schools">The Friends Boys School</a> became a temporary hospital during World War I.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christian_presence,_17th–21st_century"><span id="Christian_presence.2C_17th.E2.80.9321st_century"></span>Christian presence, 17th–21st century</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2010-08_Ramallah_39.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/2010-08_Ramallah_39.jpg/220px-2010-08_Ramallah_39.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/2010-08_Ramallah_39.jpg/330px-2010-08_Ramallah_39.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/2010-08_Ramallah_39.jpg/440px-2010-08_Ramallah_39.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853" /></a><figcaption>An old Christian cemetery in Ramallah</figcaption></figure> <p>Ramallah grew dramatically throughout the 17th and 18th centuries as an agricultural village, attracting more (predominantly Christian) inhabitants from all around the region.<sup id="cite_ref-visit_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-visit-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1700, Yacoub Elias was the first Ramallah native to be ordained by the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church" title="Greek Orthodox Church">Greek Orthodox Church</a> of Jerusalem, the Christian denomination that prevailed in the Holy Land at the time. In the early 19th century, the first Jerusalemite Greek Orthodox Christian church was built. Later, in 1852, the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Transfiguration,_Ramallah" title="Church of Transfiguration, Ramallah">Greek Orthodox Church of the Transfiguration</a>, was built to replace it; it is the sole <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> in Ramallah today.<sup id="cite_ref-visit_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-visit-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is also a <a href="/wiki/Melkite_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Melkite Greek Catholic Church">Melkite Greek Catholic Church</a> in Ramallah, built in 1895.<sup id="cite_ref-visit_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-visit-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a> also established its presence in Ramallah the 19th century and constitutes today the second-largest Christian denomination in the city. The Roman Catholic Church established the St. Joseph's Girls' School run by St. Joseph sisters, as well as the co-educational Al-Ahliyyah College high school run by Rosary sisters. In 1913, construction of the Catholic <a href="/wiki/Holy_Family_Church,_Ramallah" title="Holy Family Church, Ramallah">Holy Family Church</a> was started. </p><p>As of 2022<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ramallah&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Ramallah also has a <a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church" title="Coptic Orthodox Church">Coptic Orthodox Church</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Evangelical Lutheran Church</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Episcopalian (Anglican) Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 19th century, the <a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Religious Society of Friends</a> (<a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a>) established a presence in Ramallah and built the <a href="/wiki/Ramallah_Friends_Schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramallah Friends Schools">Ramallah Friends Schools</a>, one for girls and later a boys' school, to alleviate the dearth of education for women and girls. Eli and Sybil Jones opened "The Girls Training Home of Ramallah" in 1869. A medical clinic was established in 1883, with Dr. George Hassenauer serving as the first doctor in Ramallah. In 1889, the girls academy became the Friends Girls School (FGS). As the FGS was also a boarding school, it attracted a number of girls from surrounding communities, including Jerusalem, <a href="/wiki/Lydda" class="mw-redirect" title="Lydda">Lydda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a>. The Friends Boys School (FBS) was founded in 1901 and opened in 1918. The Quakers opened a Friends Meeting House for worship in the city center in 1910.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the school's official website, most high school students choose to take the <a href="/wiki/International_Baccalaureate" title="International Baccalaureate">International Baccalaureate</a> exams (IBE) instead of the traditional "Tawjihi" university exams.<sup id="cite_ref-RamMuniRel_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RamMuniRel-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The activity of foreign churches in Palestine in the late 19th century increased awareness of prosperity in the West. In Ramallah and <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a>, a few miles south, local residents began to seek economic opportunity overseas. In 1901, merchants from Ramallah emigrated to the United States and established import-export businesses, selling handmade rugs and other exotic wares across the Atlantic. Increased trade dramatically improved living standards for Ramallah's inhabitants. American cars, mechanized farming equipment, radios, and later televisions became attainable luxuries for upper-class families. As residents of Jaffa and Lydda moved to Ramallah, the balance of Muslims and Christians began to change.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the 21st century, a large community of people with direct descent from the Haddadins who founded Ramallah live in the United States. The town is now predominately Muslim, but still contains a Christian minority. The change in demographics is due mostly to new migration of Muslims to the area, and emigration of Christians from the area.<sup id="cite_ref-laoc_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laoc-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_Mandate">British Mandate</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ramallah,_Quaker_Mission_School._Photographed_in_1937_LOC_matpc.09098.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Ramallah%2C_Quaker_Mission_School._Photographed_in_1937_LOC_matpc.09098.jpg/220px-Ramallah%2C_Quaker_Mission_School._Photographed_in_1937_LOC_matpc.09098.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Ramallah%2C_Quaker_Mission_School._Photographed_in_1937_LOC_matpc.09098.jpg/330px-Ramallah%2C_Quaker_Mission_School._Photographed_in_1937_LOC_matpc.09098.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Ramallah%2C_Quaker_Mission_School._Photographed_in_1937_LOC_matpc.09098.jpg/440px-Ramallah%2C_Quaker_Mission_School._Photographed_in_1937_LOC_matpc.09098.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="755" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ramallah_Friends_Schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramallah Friends Schools">Ramallah Friends Schools</a>, 1937</figcaption></figure><p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> captured and <a href="/wiki/Occupied_Enemy_Territory_Administration" title="Occupied Enemy Territory Administration">occupied</a> Ramallah in December 1917. The city remained occupied until the designation of the <a href="/wiki/Mandate_for_Palestine" title="Mandate for Palestine">Palestine Mandate</a> in 1920, resulting in Ramallah falling under <a href="/wiki/Mandate_for_Palestine" title="Mandate for Palestine">British Mandatory control</a> until 1948. In the 1920s, the economy of Ramallah started to improve, resulting in the local Arab <a href="/wiki/Upper_class" title="Upper class">upper class</a> (consisting primarily of landowners and merchants) ordering the construction of several multi-storied villas, many of which still stand today.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1939, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerusalem_Electric_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jerusalem Electric Company (page does not exist)">Jerusalem Electric Company</a> introduced electricity to Ramallah, and a majority of the city's homes became wired shortly thereafter. On the same year, the British Mandatory authorities inaugurated the state-owned <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Broadcasting_Service" title="Palestine Broadcasting Service">Palestine Broadcasting Service</a> in Ramallah, with <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> members training local radio staff to deliver daily broadcasts in <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>, and <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>. The station was later renamed <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Calling" title="Jerusalem Calling">Jerusalem Calling</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1936, an <a href="/wiki/1936%E2%80%9339_Arab_revolt_in_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine">Arab revolt against the British Mandate</a> broke out in Palestine, and Ramallah soon became a center of insurgent activity. The rebels subsequently established a <a href="/wiki/Court" title="Court">court</a> near Ramallah, in order to provide legal alternatives to the courts of the British Mandate. One British schoolteacher noted that the Ramallah court judge began to produce "news sheets on typewriters and duplicators, aimed at publicizing the alternative rebel regime."<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jordanian_and_Israeli_occupation:_1948—1993"><span id="Jordanian_and_Israeli_occupation:_1948.E2.80.941993"></span>Jordanian and Israeli occupation: 1948—1993</h3></div> <p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Israeli Declaration of Independence">creation of the State of Israel</a> and the <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">ensuing conflict</a>, Jordan seized the part of Palestine they named the West Bank. This included Ramallah. The West Bank was relatively peaceful during the years of <a href="/wiki/Jordanian_annexation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Jordanian annexation of the West Bank">Jordanian rule</a> between 1948 and 1967, with its residents enjoying freedom of movement between the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>, Jordan, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, and Syria. Jordan annexed the West Bank, applying its national law to the conquered territory. However, many Palestinians were jailed for being members of "illegal political parties", which included the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Communist_Party" title="Palestine Communist Party">Palestine Communist Party</a> and other socialist and pro-independence groups. By 1953, Ramallah's population had doubled, but the economy and infrastructure could not accommodate the influx of poor villagers. Natives of Ramallah began to emigrate, primarily to the United States. By 1956, about one fourth of Ramallah's 6,000 natives had left, with Arabs from the surrounding towns and villages (particularly <a href="/wiki/Hebron" title="Hebron">Hebron</a>) buying the homes and land the émigrés left behind.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2018_OCHA_OpT_map_Ramallah.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/2018_OCHA_OpT_map_Ramallah.jpg/220px-2018_OCHA_OpT_map_Ramallah.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/2018_OCHA_OpT_map_Ramallah.jpg/330px-2018_OCHA_OpT_map_Ramallah.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/2018_OCHA_OpT_map_Ramallah.jpg/440px-2018_OCHA_OpT_map_Ramallah.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1768" /></a><figcaption>2018 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_the_Coordination_of_Humanitarian_Affairs" title="United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs">United Nations</a> map of the area, showing the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_occupation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Israeli occupation of the West Bank">Israeli occupation</a> arrangements</figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a> in 1967, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> captured Ramallah from Jordan, imposing a military closure and conducting a census a few weeks later. Every person registered in the census was given an Israeli identity card which allowed the bearer to continue to reside there. Those who were abroad during the census lost their residency rights.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For residents of Ramallah, the situation had now been reversed. For the first time in 19 years, residents could freely visit Israel and the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a> and engage in commerce there. </p><p>Unlike the Jordanians, Israel did not offer citizenship to the residents. Ramallah residents were issued permits to work in Israel, but did not gain the rights associated with Israeli citizenship. The city remained under Israeli military rule for more than four decades. The <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Civil_Administration" title="Israeli Civil Administration">Israeli Civil Administration</a> (CA), established in 1981, was in charge of civilian and day-to-day services such as issuing permission to travel, build, export or import, and host relatives from abroad.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The CA reprinted Jordanian textbooks for distribution in schools but did not update them. The CA was in charge of tax collection and land expropriation, which sometimes included Israeli seizure of olive groves that Arab villagers had tended for generations.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the Israeli Human Rights activists, the development of Jewish settlements in the Ramallah area, such as <a href="/wiki/Beit_El" title="Beit El">Beit El</a> and <a href="/wiki/Psagot" title="Psagot">Psagot</a>, prevented the expansion of the city and cut it off from the surrounding Arab villages.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As resistance increased, Ramallah residents who were members of the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Palestine Liberation Organization">Palestine Liberation Organization</a> were jailed or deported to neighboring countries.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 1987, the popular uprising known as the <a href="/wiki/First_Intifada" title="First Intifada">Intifada</a> erupted, protesting against the continued <a href="/wiki/Israeli_occupation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Israeli occupation of the West Bank">Israeli occupation</a>. </p><p>Ramallah residents were among the early joiners of the <a href="/wiki/First_Intifada" title="First Intifada">First Intifada</a>. The Intifada Unified Leadership, an umbrella organization of various Palestinian factions, distributed weekly bulletins on the streets of Ramallah with a schedule of the daily protests, strikes and action against Israeli patrols in the city. At the demonstrations, tires were burned in the street, and the crowds threw stones and <a href="/wiki/Molotov_cocktail" title="Molotov cocktail">Molotov cocktails</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">IDF</a> responded with tear gas and rubber bullets. Schools in Ramallah were forcibly shut down, and opened gradually for a few hours a day.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The Israelis conducted house arrests, imposing curfews that restricted travel and exports in what Palestinians regarded as collective punishment. In response to the closure of schools, residents organized home schooling sessions to help students make up missed material; this became one of the few symbols of civil disobedience.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Intifada leadership organized "tree plantings" and resorted to the tactics used in pre-1948 Palestine, such as ordering general strikes in which no commercial businesses were allowed to open and no cars were allowed on the streets.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1991, the Palestinian delegation to the <a href="/wiki/Madrid_Conference_of_1991" title="Madrid Conference of 1991">Madrid International Peace Conference</a> included many notables from Ramallah. As the Intifada wound down and the peace process moved forward, normal life in Ramallah resumed. On September 13, 1993, Israeli Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a> and Palestinian Leader <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a> shook hands at a meeting at the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>. Schoolchildren in Ramallah handed out olive branches to Israeli soldiers patrolling the streets. In December 1995, in keeping with the <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a>, the Israeli army abandoned the <a href="/wiki/Mukataa" title="Mukataa">Mukataa</a> and withdrew to the city outskirts. The newly established <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Authority" title="Palestinian Authority">Palestinian Authority</a> assumed civilian and security responsibility for the city, which was designated "Area A" under the accords.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palestinian_Authority_rule">Palestinian Authority rule</h3></div><p> The years between 1993 and 2000 (known locally as the "Oslo Years") brought relative prosperity to Ramallah. Ramallah and its immediate environs were classified as <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_enclaves" title="Palestinian enclaves">Area A</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Oslo_II_Accord" title="Oslo II Accord">Oslo Accords</a>, under full civil and security control of the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Authority" title="Palestinian Authority">Palestinian Authority</a> (PA) administration in September 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many expatriates returned to establish businesses there, and the atmosphere was one of optimism. In 2000, unemployment began to rise and the economy of Ramallah declined.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a> remained in control of the territories and its government did not restore the freedom of movement enjoyed by Ramallah residents prior to the first Intifada. Travel to <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> required special permits. The number and size of <a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlement" title="Israeli settlement">Israeli settlements</a> around Ramallah increased dramatically. A network of bypass roads for use of Israeli citizens only was built around Ramallah, and Israel expropriated land for settlements.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many official documents previously handled by the Israeli Civil Administration were now handled by the Palestinian Authority but still required Israeli approval. A Palestinian passport issued to Ramallah residents was not valid unless the serial number was registered with the Israeli authorities, who controlled border crossings.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Psagot_Settlement.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Psagot_Settlement.JPG/220px-Psagot_Settlement.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Psagot_Settlement.JPG/330px-Psagot_Settlement.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Psagot_Settlement.JPG/440px-Psagot_Settlement.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlement" title="Israeli settlement">Israeli settlement</a> of <a href="/wiki/Psagot" title="Psagot">Psagot</a> on <i>Jabal al-Tawil</i> (Tawil Hill), east of Ramallah and Al-Bireh (2004)</figcaption></figure><p>The failure of the <a href="/wiki/Camp_David_2000_Summit" class="mw-redirect" title="Camp David 2000 Summit">Camp David summit</a> in July 2000 led to the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifada</a> (al-Aqsa Intifada) in September 2000. Young Ramallah residents demonstrated daily against the Israeli army, with marches to the Israeli checkpoints at the outskirts of the city. Over time, the marches were replaced by sporadic use of live ammunition against Israeli soldiers; and various attacks targeting Jewish settlers, particularly on the Israeli-only bypass roads. Army checkpoints were established to restrict movement in and out of Ramallah.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On October 12, 2000, two Israeli army reservists, Vadim Norzhich and Yosef Avrahami were <a href="/wiki/2000_Ramallah_lynching" title="2000 Ramallah lynching">lynched in Ramallah</a>. They had taken a wrong turn, and were set upon by a mob, enraged in particular by the <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Durrah_incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad al-Durrah incident">Muhammad al-Durrah incident</a> in Gaza.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A frenzied crowd killed the two IDF reservists, mutilated their bodies, and dragged them through the streets.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later that afternoon, the Israeli army carried out an air strike on Ramallah, demolishing the police station. Israel later succeeded in capturing and prosecuting some of those involved in the deaths of the reservists.</p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ramallah_Muqata%27a_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Ramallah_Muqata%27a_2013.jpg/220px-Ramallah_Muqata%27a_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Ramallah_Muqata%27a_2013.jpg/330px-Ramallah_Muqata%27a_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Ramallah_Muqata%27a_2013.jpg/440px-Ramallah_Muqata%27a_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mukataa" title="Mukataa">Mukataa</a> in 2013</figcaption></figure><p>The IDF has occasionally operated inside Ramallah, in breach of the 1995 Oslo Accords. The first and largest incursion was the 2002 <a href="/wiki/Operation_Defensive_Shield" title="Operation Defensive Shield">Operation Defensive Shield</a>, with a more recent intervention coming in March 2017 while attempting to arrest a suspected terrorist.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-International_Business_Times1_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-International_Business_Times1-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2002, the army imposed curfews, electricity cuts, school closures and disruptions of commercial life.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many Ramallah institutions, including government ministries, were vandalized, and equipment was destroyed or stolen.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The IDF took over local Ramallah television stations, and social and economic conditions deteriorated.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many expatriates left, as did many other Palestinians who complained that the living conditions had become intolerable.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Construction of the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_West_Bank_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli West Bank barrier">Israeli West Bank barrier</a> has added to Ramallah's isolation. <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a> established his West Bank headquarters, the <a href="/wiki/Mukataa" title="Mukataa">Mukataa</a>, in Ramallah. Although considered an interim solution, Ramallah became the <i>de facto</i> capital of the Palestinian Authority, now<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (March 2024)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> officially<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (March 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> known as the State of Palestine. It hosts almost all governmental headquarters. In December 2001, Arafat held meetings at the Mukataa, but lived with his wife and daughter in <a href="/wiki/Gaza_City" title="Gaza City">Gaza City</a>. After suicide bombings in <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>, Arafat was confined to the Ramallah compound. In 2002, the compound was partly demolished by the Israeli Defense Forces and Arafat's building was cut off from the rest of the compound. On November 11, 2004, Arafat died at the <a href="/wiki/Percy_training_hospital_of_the_Armies" class="mw-redirect" title="Percy training hospital of the Armies">Percy training hospital of the Armies</a> near Paris. He was buried in the courtyard of the Mukataa on November 12, 2004. The site still serves as the Ramallah headquarters of the Palestinian Authority, as well the official West Bank office of <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas" title="Mahmoud Abbas">Mahmoud Abbas</a>. Throughout 2005, while the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_disengagement_from_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli disengagement from Gaza">Disengagement Plan</a> was underway, some US government officials suggested to the Palestinian leadership to move the provisional capital back to Gaza, where it had been when the Palestinian Authority was first established in 1994. President Abbas, however, refrained from doing so, arguing that at this point, it was important to keep the administrative center in the West Bank in order to remind the international community that the West Bank was still awaiting a territorial solution.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ramallah_Residential.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Ramallah_Residential.JPG/220px-Ramallah_Residential.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Ramallah_Residential.JPG/330px-Ramallah_Residential.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Ramallah_Residential.JPG/440px-Ramallah_Residential.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Residential neighborhood in Ramallah, 2005</figcaption></figure> <p>In December 2005, local elections were held in Ramallah in which candidates from three different factions competed for the 15-seat municipal council for a four-year term. The council elected <a href="/wiki/Janet_Mikhail" title="Janet Mikhail">Janet Mikhail</a> as mayor, the first woman to hold the post.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Munir Hamdan, a member of <a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a> and a Ramallah businessman, discussed the concentration of government offices with a journalist. He said, "The president and prime minister have their offices here.<sup id="cite_ref-Toameh_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toameh-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> So do the parliament and all the government ministries", representing a "collusion" between the Palestinian Authority and Israel to turn Ramallah into the political as well as the financial capital of the Palestinians. He is particularly worried by the construction of a large new governmental complex by the PA.<sup id="cite_ref-Toameh_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toameh-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hatem_Abdel_Kader&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hatem Abdel Kader (page does not exist)">Hatem Abdel Kader</a>, a Jerusalem resident, Fatah legislator and former Minister for Jerusalem Affairs, complained that "If they are building a new government compound here, that means they have no plans to be based in Jerusalem... Unfortunately, the Palestinian government of <a href="/wiki/Salam_Fayyad" title="Salam Fayyad">Salam Fayyad</a> has abandoned Jerusalem in favor of Ramallah."<sup id="cite_ref-Toameh_61-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toameh-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 2011, King <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_II_of_Jordan" title="Abdullah II of Jordan">Abdullah II of Jordan</a> visited Ramallah for the first time since 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography_and_climate">Geography and climate</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Koppen_World_Map_(Mediterranean_Sea_area_only).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Koppen_World_Map_%28Mediterranean_Sea_area_only%29.png/220px-Koppen_World_Map_%28Mediterranean_Sea_area_only%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Koppen_World_Map_%28Mediterranean_Sea_area_only%29.png/330px-Koppen_World_Map_%28Mediterranean_Sea_area_only%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Koppen_World_Map_%28Mediterranean_Sea_area_only%29.png/440px-Koppen_World_Map_%28Mediterranean_Sea_area_only%29.png 2x" data-file-width="769" data-file-height="260" /></a><figcaption>Map of Mediterranean with the Köppen Climate Classifications: Csa and Csb are noted in yellow.</figcaption></figure> <p>This area enjoys a <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean</a> climate of a dry summer and mild, rainy winter with occasional snowfall. The recorded average of Ramallah's rainfall is about 615 mm (24 in)<sup id="cite_ref-Climate_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Climate-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and minimum rainfall is 307 mm (12 in) and maximum rainfall is 1,591 mm (63 in). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> places Ramallah in the <a href="/wiki/Hot-summer_Mediterranean_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot-summer Mediterranean climate">Csa</a> category. Climates of this class generally occur on the western sides of continents between the latitudes of 30° and 45°. These climates are in the polar front region in winter, and thus have moderate temperatures and changeable, rainy weather. Summers are hot and dry, due to the domination of the subtropical high pressure systems, except in the immediate coastal areas, where summers are milder due to the nearby presence of cold ocean currents that may bring fog but prevent rain. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ramallah4.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A view from Ramallah"><img alt="A view from Ramallah" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Ramallah4.JPG/240px-Ramallah4.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Ramallah4.JPG/360px-Ramallah4.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Ramallah4.JPG/480px-Ramallah4.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A view from Ramallah</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Judean_Hills_from_Ramallah.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hills surrounding Ramallah"><img alt="Hills surrounding Ramallah" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Judean_Hills_from_Ramallah.jpg/270px-Judean_Hills_from_Ramallah.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Judean_Hills_from_Ramallah.jpg/405px-Judean_Hills_from_Ramallah.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Judean_Hills_from_Ramallah.jpg/540px-Judean_Hills_from_Ramallah.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hills surrounding Ramallah</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 356px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 354px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ramallah_Sunset.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sunset in Ramallah"><img alt="Sunset in Ramallah" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ramallah_Sunset.jpg/531px-Ramallah_Sunset.jpg" decoding="async" width="354" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ramallah_Sunset.jpg/796px-Ramallah_Sunset.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ramallah_Sunset.jpg/1062px-Ramallah_Sunset.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6874" data-file-height="2332" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sunset in Ramallah</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rawabi_-_industrial_area.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Rawabi_-_industrial_area.jpg/220px-Rawabi_-_industrial_area.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Rawabi_-_industrial_area.jpg/330px-Rawabi_-_industrial_area.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Rawabi_-_industrial_area.jpg/440px-Rawabi_-_industrial_area.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1836" /></a><figcaption>Construction of Rawabi and industrial area</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ammar_Tower_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Ammar_Tower_02.jpg/220px-Ammar_Tower_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Ammar_Tower_02.jpg/330px-Ammar_Tower_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Ammar_Tower_02.jpg/440px-Ammar_Tower_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="1844" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ersal_Commercial_Center" title="Ersal Commercial Center">Ammar Tower</a> in Ramallah</figcaption></figure><p>Ramallah is chief financial and commercial center for the Palestinian Authority, home to the country's numerous financial institutions.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Currently Ramallah is seat of power of the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Authority" title="Palestinian Authority">Palestinian Authority</a>, whose most of the offices are located within the city.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city serves as the headquarters for most international NGOs and embassies.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_64-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hundreds of millions of dollars in aid flowing into the city have boosted Ramallah's economy greatly since the end of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_64-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ramallah's buoyant economy continues to draw Palestinians from other West Bank towns where jobs are fewer.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_64-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The built-up area has grown fivefold since 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_64-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Construction boom is one of the most obvious signs of <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> economic growth, estimated at an annual rate of 8 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This has been attributed to relative stability and Western donor support to the Palestinian Authority.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Investment_Fund" title="Palestine Investment Fund">PIF</a> have begun work on a $400 million commercial center comprising 13 towers which will be some of the tallest in Ramallah.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_65-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Ersal_Commercial_Center" title="Ersal Commercial Center">Ersal Commercial Center</a> has drawn investment from a Saudi Arabian firm, The Land Holding, which has a 10% stake.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_65-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is not the only Gulf Arab firm investing in Ramallah and its outskirts.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_65-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Qatari Diar Real Estate Investment Company has a stake in <a href="/wiki/Rawabi" title="Rawabi">Rawabi</a>, a completely new town being constructed in the hills outside Ramallah at a cost of $1 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_65-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ramallah has highest concentration of high-tech companies.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ASAL technologies, an information technology company in Ramallah, has 120 employees and is looking forward to "exponential growth".<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In collaboration with the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of India">Republic of India</a>, a new tech park named, the India Palestine Techno Park is located in <a href="/wiki/Birzeit" title="Birzeit">Birzeit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc</a> operates a research & development center in Rawabi with ASAL Technologies.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A large number multinational companies operates facilities in Ramallah, which outsource Palestinians.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_66-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 2010, Ramallah had become the leading center of economic and political activity in the territories under the control of the Palestinian Authority.<sup id="cite_ref-Toameh_61-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toameh-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During a building boom in the early years of the 21st century, apartment buildings and "five-star" hotels were erected, particularly in the <a href="/wiki/Al-Masyoun" title="Al-Masyoun">Al-Masyoun</a> neighborhood.<sup id="cite_ref-Toameh_61-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toameh-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010, "more than one hundred" Palestinian businesses were reported to have moved to Ramallah from <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a>, because "Here they pay less taxes and have more customers."<sup id="cite_ref-Toameh_61-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toameh-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One local boasted to a journalist that "Ramallah is becoming the de facto capital of Palestine."<sup id="cite_ref-Toameh_61-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toameh-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This boast was seconded by <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> which, in 2010, called Ramallah the "de facto capital of the West Bank.<sup id="cite_ref-Loungo_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Loungo-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Sani_Meo" class="mw-redirect" title="Sani Meo">Sani Meo</a>, the publisher of <i><a href="/wiki/This_Week_in_Palestine" title="This Week in Palestine">This Week in Palestine</a></i>, "Capital or no capital, Ramallah has done well and Palestine is proud of its achievements."<sup id="cite_ref-Toameh_61-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toameh-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some Palestinians allege that Ramallah's prosperity is part of an Israeli "conspiracy" to make Ramallah the capital of a <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestinian state</a>, instead of <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Toameh_61-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toameh-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <p>An <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> village list of about 1870 showed that Ramallah had 249 houses and a population of 635, though the population count included men only. The village was described as being in the <i>Bire</i> area,"north of <a href="/wiki/Mikhmas" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikhmas">Mikhmas</a>, on a rocky hill."<sup id="cite_ref-Socin_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Socin-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Arieh90_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arieh90-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1896, the population of Ramallah was estimated to be about 2,061 persons.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Arieh90_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arieh90-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/1922_census_of_Palestine" title="1922 census of Palestine">1922 census of Palestine</a> conducted by the <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">British Mandate authorities</a>, Ramallah had a population of 3,104 (2,972 <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a>, 125 <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslims</a>, and seven Jews<sup id="cite_ref-Census1922_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census1922-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), the Christians consisting of 2,162 Orthodox, 1 <a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox_Church" title="Syriac Orthodox Church">Syriac Orthodox</a> (Jacobite), 332 <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholics" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholics">Roman Catholics</a>, 144 Greek Catholic (<a href="/wiki/Melkite_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Melkite Catholic">Melkite Catholic</a>), 211 <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>, and 122 "other".<sup id="cite_ref-Census1922b_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census1922b-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The population increased at the time of the <a href="/wiki/1931_census_of_Palestine" title="1931 census of Palestine">1931 census</a> to 4,286 (3,766 Christians, 519 Muslims and one Jew) in a total of 1,014 houses.<sup id="cite_ref-Census1931_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census1931-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1938 village statistics, the population is listed as 4,900.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Village_Statistics,_1945" title="Village Statistics, 1945">1945 statistics</a>, the population stood at 5,080,<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with Christians forming the majority of the population (4,440 Christians and 640 Muslims). </p><p>However, the demographic makeup of the town changed drastically between 1948 and 1967, when considerable emigration of Christians took place. Slightly more than half of the city's 12,134 inhabitants were Christian by 1967, the other half Muslim.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ramallah's population drastically decreased in the late 20th century from 24,722 inhabitants in 1987 to 17,851 in 1997. In the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Central_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics">Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics</a> (PCBS) census in 1997, <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_refugee" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian refugee">Palestinian refugees</a> accounted for 60.3% of the population, which was 17,851.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were 8,622 males and 9,229 females. People younger than 20 years of age made up 45.9% of the population, while those aged between 20 and 64 were 45.4%, and residents aged over 64 constituted 4.7%.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Only in 2005 did the population reach more than 24,000. In a PCBS projection in 2006, Ramallah had a population of 25,467 inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 2007 PCBS census, there were 27,460 people living in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-PCBS07_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCBS07-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sources vary about the current Christian population in the city, ranging around 25%.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health">Health</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%81%D9%89_%D9%87%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%88_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%8C_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%81%D9%89_%D9%87%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%88_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%8C_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7_02.jpg/220px-%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%81%D9%89_%D9%87%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%88_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%8C_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%81%D9%89_%D9%87%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%88_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%8C_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7_02.jpg/330px-%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%81%D9%89_%D9%87%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%88_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%8C_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%81%D9%89_%D9%87%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%88_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%8C_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7_02.jpg/440px-%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%81%D9%89_%D9%87%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%88_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%8C_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Hugo Chávez Hospital in Ramallah</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Istishari_Arab_Hospital_004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Istishari_Arab_Hospital_004.jpg/220px-Istishari_Arab_Hospital_004.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Istishari_Arab_Hospital_004.jpg/330px-Istishari_Arab_Hospital_004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Istishari_Arab_Hospital_004.jpg/440px-Istishari_Arab_Hospital_004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Istishari Arab Hospital</figcaption></figure> <p>In the aftermath of the 1936–1939 Arab revolt, the Ramallah Hospital Foundation was established and registered as a tax exempt organization in New York in 1944. It bought large pieces of land in the south-eastern fringes of the city dedicated for the future hospital. In 1963, a hospital was opened.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt96_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt96-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The present Ramallah Government Hospital and the Palestine Medical Centered are located on the land purchased by the Foundation. In January 1987, the first open-heart surgery was performed at the Hospital under the direction of Dr. Shehadeh (Shawki) Harb, a Palestinian surgeon trained in the United States. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_institutions">Religious institutions</h2></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Jamal_Abdel_Nasser_Mosque" title="Jamal Abdel Nasser Mosque">Jamal Abdel Nasser Mosque</a> is one of the city's largest <a href="/wiki/Mosques" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosques">mosques</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_of_Ramallah" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthodox Church of Ramallah">Orthodox Church of Ramallah</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox Christian</a> <a href="/wiki/Convent" title="Convent">convent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melkite_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Melkite Catholic Church">Melkite Catholic Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Lutheran">Evangelical Lutheran</a> Church, Arab <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_in_Jerusalem_and_the_Middle_East" title="Episcopal Church in Jerusalem and the Middle East">Episcopal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a>) Church, Ramallah Local Church (<a href="/wiki/Evangelical" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical">Evangelical</a>\<a href="/wiki/Born_again_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Born again (Christianity)">Born Again</a>) and Ramallah <a href="/wiki/Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist">Baptist</a> Church all operate schools in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-RamMuniRel_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RamMuniRel-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A large new church has been built on top of one of the highest hills of Ramallah, belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic Orthodox">Coptic Orthodox</a> Church. A small group of <a href="/wiki/Jehovah_Witnesses" class="mw-redirect" title="Jehovah Witnesses">Jehovah Witnesses</a> are present in the area as well and others. </p><p>During the annual "Saturday of Light" religious festival, which occurs on the Saturday between <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a> and <a href="/wiki/Easter_Sunday" class="mw-redirect" title="Easter Sunday">Easter Sunday</a> to celebrate <a href="/wiki/Holy_Fire" title="Holy Fire">the light that tradition holds shines forth</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Jesus" title="Tomb of Jesus">tomb of Jesus</a>, the scouts hold a parade through the city streets to receive the flame from Jerusalem. The flame is ignited in Jerusalem's <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a> and is passed on through candles and lanterns to regional churches. </p><p>A variety of mosques and churches of different denominations dot the landscape. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2010-08_Ramallah_59.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Coptic church"><img alt="A Coptic church" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/2010-08_Ramallah_59.jpg/91px-2010-08_Ramallah_59.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/2010-08_Ramallah_59.jpg/137px-2010-08_Ramallah_59.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/2010-08_Ramallah_59.jpg/183px-2010-08_Ramallah_59.jpg 2x" data-file-width="977" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria">Coptic</a> church</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2010-08_Ramallah_14.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A local mosque"><img alt="A local mosque" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/2010-08_Ramallah_14.jpg/80px-2010-08_Ramallah_14.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/2010-08_Ramallah_14.jpg/120px-2010-08_Ramallah_14.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/2010-08_Ramallah_14.jpg/160px-2010-08_Ramallah_14.jpg 2x" data-file-width="853" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A local mosque</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2010-08_Ramallah_07.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Church of Our Lady of the Annunciation"><img alt="Church of Our Lady of the Annunciation" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/2010-08_Ramallah_07.jpg/120px-2010-08_Ramallah_07.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/2010-08_Ramallah_07.jpg/180px-2010-08_Ramallah_07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/2010-08_Ramallah_07.jpg/240px-2010-08_Ramallah_07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Church of Our Lady of the Annunciation</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2010-08_Ramallah_56.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Holy Family Church"><img alt="Holy Family Church" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/2010-08_Ramallah_56.jpg/120px-2010-08_Ramallah_56.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/2010-08_Ramallah_56.jpg/180px-2010-08_Ramallah_56.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/2010-08_Ramallah_56.jpg/240px-2010-08_Ramallah_56.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="840" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Holy Family Church</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jamal_Abdel_Nasser_Mosque.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jamal Abdel Nasser Mosque"><img alt="Jamal Abdel Nasser Mosque" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Jamal_Abdel_Nasser_Mosque.jpg/120px-Jamal_Abdel_Nasser_Mosque.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Jamal_Abdel_Nasser_Mosque.jpg/180px-Jamal_Abdel_Nasser_Mosque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Jamal_Abdel_Nasser_Mosque.jpg/240px-Jamal_Abdel_Nasser_Mosque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jamal_Abdel_Nasser_Mosque" title="Jamal Abdel Nasser Mosque">Jamal Abdel Nasser Mosque</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2010-08_Ramallah_32.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church of Hope"><img alt="Evangelical Lutheran Church of Hope" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/2010-08_Ramallah_32.jpg/104px-2010-08_Ramallah_32.jpg" decoding="async" width="104" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/2010-08_Ramallah_32.jpg/156px-2010-08_Ramallah_32.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/2010-08_Ramallah_32.jpg/208px-2010-08_Ramallah_32.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1110" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Evangelical Lutheran Church of Hope</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mausoleo_Arafat_(Muqata,_Ramallah)_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Mausoleo_Arafat_%28Muqata%2C_Ramallah%29_01.JPG/220px-Mausoleo_Arafat_%28Muqata%2C_Ramallah%29_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Mausoleo_Arafat_%28Muqata%2C_Ramallah%29_01.JPG/330px-Mausoleo_Arafat_%28Muqata%2C_Ramallah%29_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Mausoleo_Arafat_%28Muqata%2C_Ramallah%29_01.JPG/440px-Mausoleo_Arafat_%28Muqata%2C_Ramallah%29_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>Arafat Mausoleum</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ramallah_Moevenpick.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Ramallah_Moevenpick.jpg/220px-Ramallah_Moevenpick.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Ramallah_Moevenpick.jpg/330px-Ramallah_Moevenpick.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Ramallah_Moevenpick.jpg/440px-Ramallah_Moevenpick.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2474" data-file-height="2010" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><p>Ramallah is generally considered the most affluent and cultural, as well as the most liberal, of all Palestinian cities,<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is home to a number of popular Palestinian activists, poets, artists, and <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Palestine" title="Music of Palestine">musicians</a>. It boasts a lively nightlife, with many restaurants including the Stars and Bucks Cafe, a branch of the <a href="/wiki/Tche_Tche" title="Tche Tche">Tche Tche</a> Cafe and the <a href="/wiki/Orjuwan" title="Orjuwan">Orjuwan Lounge</a>, described in 2010 as two among the "dozens of fancy restaurants, bars and discotheques that have cropped up in Ramallah in the last three years".<sup id="cite_ref-Toameh_61-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toameh-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One hallmark of Ramallah is Rukab's Ice Cream, which is based on the resin of chewing gum and thus has a distinctive taste. Another is the First Ramallah Group, a boy- and girl-scout club that also holds a number of traditional dance (<a href="/wiki/Dabka" class="mw-redirect" title="Dabka">Dabka</a>) performances and is also home to men's and women's basketball teams that compete regionally. International music and dance troupes occasionally make a stop in Ramallah, and the renowned Argentinian-Israeli pianist <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Barenboim" title="Daniel Barenboim">Daniel Barenboim</a> performs there often. The <a href="/wiki/Khalil_Sakakini_Cultural_Center" title="Khalil Sakakini Cultural Center">Khalil Sakakini Cultural Center</a>, founded in 1996, is a popular venue for such events. The <a href="/wiki/Al-Kasaba_Theatre" title="Al-Kasaba Theatre">Al-Kasaba Theatre</a> is a venue for plays and movies. In 2004, the state-of-the art Ramallah Cultural Palace opened in the city. The only cultural center of its kind in the Palestinian-governed areas, it houses a 736-seat auditorium, as well as conference rooms, exhibit halls, and movie-screening rooms. It was a joint venture of the Palestinian Authority, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a> (UNDP), and the Japanese government.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ramallah hosted its first annual international film festival in 2004. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kebap_a_Ramallah01.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Kebab stand in Ramallah"><img alt="Kebab stand in Ramallah" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Kebap_a_Ramallah01.JPG/225px-Kebap_a_Ramallah01.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Kebap_a_Ramallah01.JPG/337px-Kebap_a_Ramallah01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Kebap_a_Ramallah01.JPG/450px-Kebap_a_Ramallah01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab">Kebab</a> stand in Ramallah</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 305.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 303.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2010-08_Ramallah_22.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lion sculptures in Ramallah's central square"><img alt="Lion sculptures in Ramallah's central square" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2010-08_Ramallah_22.jpg/455px-2010-08_Ramallah_22.jpg" decoding="async" width="304" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2010-08_Ramallah_22.jpg/683px-2010-08_Ramallah_22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2010-08_Ramallah_22.jpg/910px-2010-08_Ramallah_22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="844" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lion sculptures in Ramallah's central square</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ramallah_square.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Monument and Palestinian flag at Al Sa’a Square/Yasser Arafat Square"><img alt="Monument and Palestinian flag at Al Sa’a Square/Yasser Arafat Square" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Ramallah_square.jpg/225px-Ramallah_square.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Ramallah_square.jpg/337px-Ramallah_square.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Ramallah_square.jpg/450px-Ramallah_square.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Monument and <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian flag">Palestinian flag</a> at Al Sa’a Square/Yasser Arafat Square</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 274.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 272.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2010-08_Ramallah_51.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ceramic mural"><img alt="Ceramic mural" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/2010-08_Ramallah_51.jpg/409px-2010-08_Ramallah_51.jpg" decoding="async" width="273" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/2010-08_Ramallah_51.jpg/613px-2010-08_Ramallah_51.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/2010-08_Ramallah_51.jpg/817px-2010-08_Ramallah_51.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="940" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ceramic mural</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:French-German_Cultural_Center,_Ramallah_(2019)_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="French-German Cultural Center"><img alt="French-German Cultural Center" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/French-German_Cultural_Center%2C_Ramallah_%282019%29_1.jpg/225px-French-German_Cultural_Center%2C_Ramallah_%282019%29_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/French-German_Cultural_Center%2C_Ramallah_%282019%29_1.jpg/337px-French-German_Cultural_Center%2C_Ramallah_%282019%29_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/French-German_Cultural_Center%2C_Ramallah_%282019%29_1.jpg/450px-French-German_Cultural_Center%2C_Ramallah_%282019%29_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">French-German Cultural Center</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 286.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 284.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2010-08_Ramallah_10.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="DownTown Cafe"><img alt="DownTown Cafe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/2010-08_Ramallah_10.jpg/427px-2010-08_Ramallah_10.jpg" decoding="async" width="285" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/2010-08_Ramallah_10.jpg/640px-2010-08_Ramallah_10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/2010-08_Ramallah_10.jpg/854px-2010-08_Ramallah_10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">DownTown Cafe</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 358px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 356px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ramallah_Martyrs_Memorial.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ramallah Martyrs Memorial"><img alt="Ramallah Martyrs Memorial" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Ramallah_Martyrs_Memorial.jpg/534px-Ramallah_Martyrs_Memorial.jpg" decoding="async" width="356" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Ramallah_Martyrs_Memorial.jpg/800px-Ramallah_Martyrs_Memorial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Ramallah_Martyrs_Memorial.jpg/1067px-Ramallah_Martyrs_Memorial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5312" data-file-height="2988" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ramallah Martyrs Memorial</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ramallah_folklore">Ramallah folklore</h3></div> <p>Ramallah, like most Palestinian areas, has a rich folklore of song and dance. Songs accompanied people in every occasion, whether it was the harvest season, roofing a house, traveling, coming back from travel, engagement, wedding, or even death. Most of the songs were sung by the women with the exception of <i>Zaffeh</i> and <i>Mal'ab</i>, which are sung by the men at wedding celebrations. Palestinian educator Bahia Khalil's book "Ramallah Folklore Songs and Traditions" documents to a great extent this oral tradition inherited from one generation to another. The second edition of the book was published in 2002 by the American Federation of Ramallah, Palestine, an organization for Palestinian-Americans from the Ramallah region living in the US. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palestinian_costume">Palestinian costume</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_costumes" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian costumes">Palestinian costumes</a></div> <p>Foreign travelers to Palestine in late-19th and early-20th centuries often commented on the rich variety of costumes among the Palestinian people, and particularly among the <a href="/wiki/Fellaheen" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellaheen">fellaheen</a> or village women. Until the 1940s, a woman's economic status, whether married or single, and the town or area they were from could be deciphered by most Palestinian women by the type of cloth, colors, cut, and embroidery motifs, or lack thereof, used for the robe-like dress or "thoub" in Arabic. </p><p>Though experts in the field trace the origins of Palestinian costumes to ancient times, there are no surviving clothing <a href="/wiki/Artifact_(archaeology)" title="Artifact (archaeology)">artifacts</a> from this early period against which the modern items might be definitively compared. Influences from the various <a href="/wiki/Empire" title="Empire">empires</a> to have ruled <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ayyubids" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayyubids">Ayyubids</a>, among <a href="/wiki/History_of_Palestine" title="History of Palestine">others</a>, have been documented by scholars largely based on the depictions in art and descriptions in literature of costumes produced during these times. </p><p>Hanan Munayyer, collector and researcher of Palestinian clothing, sees examples of proto-Palestinian attire in artifacts from the <a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaanite</a> period (1500 BCE), such as Egyptian paintings depicting <a href="/wiki/Canaanites" class="mw-redirect" title="Canaanites">Canaanites</a> in A-shaped garments.<sup id="cite_ref-Twair_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Twair-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Munayyer says that from 1200 BC to AD 1940, all Palestinian dresses were cut from natural fabrics in a similar A-line shape with triangular sleeves.<sup id="cite_ref-Twair_90-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Twair-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This shape is known to <a href="/wiki/Archaeologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeologist">archaeologists</a> as the "Syrian tunic" and appears in artifacts such as an ivory engraving from <a href="/wiki/Tel_Megiddo" title="Tel Megiddo">Megiddo</a> dating to 1200 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-Twair_90-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Twair-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Oneal_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oneal-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Until the 1940s, traditional Palestinian costumes reflected a woman's economic and marital status and her town or district of origin, with knowledgeable observers discerning this information from the <a href="/wiki/Fabric" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabric">fabric</a>, colours, <a href="/wiki/Cut_(clothing)" title="Cut (clothing)">cut</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Embroidery" title="Embroidery">embroidery</a> motifs (or lack thereof) used in the apparel.<sup id="cite_ref-Grutz_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grutz-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to the difficulty of travel in the 19th century, villages in Palestine remained isolated. As a result, clothing and accessories became a statement of region. In Ramallah, the back panels of dresses often incorporated a palm tree motif embroidered in cross-stitch.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ramallah women were famous for their distinctive dress of white <a href="/wiki/Linen" title="Linen">linen</a> fabric embroidered with red silk thread. The headdress or <i>smadeh</i> worn in Ramallah was common throughout northern Palestine: a small roundish cap, padded and stiffened, with gold and silver coins set in a fringe with a long veil pinned to the back, sometimes of silk and sometimes embroidered. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ramallah-Family-1905.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cristian family from Ramallah wearing typical Palestinian Ottoman-period clothing, c. 1905"><img alt="Cristian family from Ramallah wearing typical Palestinian Ottoman-period clothing, c. 1905" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Ramallah-Family-1905.jpg/120px-Ramallah-Family-1905.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Ramallah-Family-1905.jpg/180px-Ramallah-Family-1905.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Ramallah-Family-1905.jpg/240px-Ramallah-Family-1905.jpg 2x" data-file-width="445" data-file-height="324" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cristian_Palestinians" class="mw-redirect" title="Cristian Palestinians">Cristian</a> family from Ramallah wearing typical Palestinian Ottoman-period clothing, c. 1905</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ramallah_woman2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Young woman of Ramallah wearing dowry headdress, c. 1898–1914 (American Colony Collection)"><img alt="Young woman of Ramallah wearing dowry headdress, c. 1898–1914 (American Colony Collection)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Ramallah_woman2.jpg/93px-Ramallah_woman2.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Ramallah_woman2.jpg/140px-Ramallah_woman2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Ramallah_woman2.jpg/187px-Ramallah_woman2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5261" data-file-height="6759" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Young woman of Ramallah wearing <a href="/wiki/Dowry" title="Dowry">dowry</a> headdress, c. 1898–1914 (<a href="/wiki/American_Colony" class="mw-redirect" title="American Colony">American Colony</a> Collection)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ramlah_costumewo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ramallah woman, c. 1920 (The Matson Photo Service)"><img alt="Ramallah woman, c. 1920 (The Matson Photo Service)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Ramlah_costumewo.jpg/84px-Ramlah_costumewo.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Ramlah_costumewo.jpg/126px-Ramlah_costumewo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Ramlah_costumewo.jpg/168px-Ramlah_costumewo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="528" data-file-height="752" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ramallah woman, c. 1920 (<a href="/wiki/The_Matson_Photo_Service" title="The Matson Photo Service">The Matson Photo Service</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arabic-traditional-Dress.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Traditional Women's Dress in Ramallah. Khalil Raad, c. 1920."><img alt="Traditional Women's Dress in Ramallah. Khalil Raad, c. 1920." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Arabic-traditional-Dress.jpg/84px-Arabic-traditional-Dress.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Arabic-traditional-Dress.jpg/126px-Arabic-traditional-Dress.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Arabic-traditional-Dress.jpg/168px-Arabic-traditional-Dress.jpg 2x" data-file-width="266" data-file-height="380" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Traditional Women's Dress in Ramallah. <a href="/wiki/Khalil_Raad" title="Khalil Raad">Khalil Raad</a>, c. 1920.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:American_Colony,_Ramallah_peasant_spinning_wool_18417-020u.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A man from Ramallah spinning wool. Hand tinted photograph from 1919, restored (American Colony Collection)"><img alt="A man from Ramallah spinning wool. Hand tinted photograph from 1919, restored (American Colony Collection)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/American_Colony%2C_Ramallah_peasant_spinning_wool_18417-020u.jpg/102px-American_Colony%2C_Ramallah_peasant_spinning_wool_18417-020u.jpg" decoding="async" width="102" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/American_Colony%2C_Ramallah_peasant_spinning_wool_18417-020u.jpg/154px-American_Colony%2C_Ramallah_peasant_spinning_wool_18417-020u.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/American_Colony%2C_Ramallah_peasant_spinning_wool_18417-020u.jpg/205px-American_Colony%2C_Ramallah_peasant_spinning_wool_18417-020u.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3578" data-file-height="4189" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A man from Ramallah <a href="/wiki/Spinning_(textiles)" title="Spinning (textiles)">spinning wool</a>. Hand tinted photograph from 1919, restored (<a href="/wiki/American_Colony" class="mw-redirect" title="American Colony">American Colony</a> Collection)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OIMpalcost1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ramallah dress at the Oriental Institute Museum"><img alt="Ramallah dress at the Oriental Institute Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/OIMpalcost1.jpg/80px-OIMpalcost1.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/OIMpalcost1.jpg/120px-OIMpalcost1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/OIMpalcost1.jpg/160px-OIMpalcost1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2336" data-file-height="3504" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ramallah dress at the Oriental Institute Museum</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2></div> <p>Many foreign nations have located their diplomatic missions to the Palestinian Authority in Ramallah, including, as of 2010<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ramallah&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Korea, South Africa, Norway, Sri Lanka, Switzerland, China, Poland, Portugal, The Netherlands, Russia, Jordan, Brazil, Finland, Denmark, Ireland, Germany, India, Japan, the Czech Republic, Canada and Mexico.<sup id="cite_ref-Toameh_61-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toameh-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ramallah_city_hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Ramallah_city_hall.jpg/220px-Ramallah_city_hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Ramallah_city_hall.jpg/330px-Ramallah_city_hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Ramallah_city_hall.jpg/440px-Ramallah_city_hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Ramallah City Hall</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2010-08_Ramallah_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/2010-08_Ramallah_05.jpg/220px-2010-08_Ramallah_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/2010-08_Ramallah_05.jpg/330px-2010-08_Ramallah_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/2010-08_Ramallah_05.jpg/440px-2010-08_Ramallah_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="854" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Ramallah Municipality building</figcaption></figure> <p>Ramallah is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a>, France</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hounslow" title="Hounslow">Hounslow</a>, England, United Kingdom</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa"><img alt="South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>, South Africa</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge" title="Liège">Liège</a>, Belgium</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Muscatine,_Iowa" title="Muscatine, Iowa">Muscatine</a>, Iowa, United States</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>, England, United Kingdom</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sur,_Diyarbak%C4%B1r" title="Sur, Diyarbakır">Sur</a>, Turkey</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Trondheim" title="Trondheim">Trondheim</a>, Norway</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, Ireland</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ajlouny" title="Paul Ajlouny">Paul Ajlouny</a> (b. 1933), Palestinian-American publisher and businessman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Eid" title="Mahmoud Eid">Mahmoud Eid</a> (b. 1993), professional footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amber_Fares" title="Amber Fares">Amber Fares</a>, Lebanese Canadian filmmaker<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (January 2024)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Ramallah#Her_article_doesn't_mention_her_being_Palestinian,_just_"Lebanese_roots"." title="Talk:Ramallah">discuss</a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jibril_Rajoub" title="Jibril Rajoub">Jibril Rajoub</a> (b. 1953), Palestinian political leader, former militant<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosab_Hassan_Yousef" title="Mosab Hassan Yousef">Mosab Hassan Yousef</a> (b. 1978), Palestinian ex-militant and defector</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Christians" title="Palestinian Christians">Palestinian Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Economy of the State of Palestine">Economy of the State of Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ram" title="Al-Ram">Al-Ram</a>, Palestinian town few km southeast of Ramallah</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/despite-low-cost-luxury-hotels-ramallah-struggles-to-lure-tourists/">https://www.timesofisrael.com/despite-low-cost-luxury-hotels-ramallah-struggles-to-lure-tourists/</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation is required to prevent link rot. (August 2024)">bare URL</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.molg.pna.ps/uploads/files/RAB%20Urban%20Area%20Factsheet_sj_01aa8fd9652a4ea8873070c21d114906.pdf">https://www.molg.pna.ps/uploads/files/RAB%20Urban%20Area%20Factsheet_sj_01aa8fd9652a4ea8873070c21d114906.pdf</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation of this PDF document is required to prevent link rot. (August 2024)">bare URL PDF</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pop2017-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pop2017_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcbs.gov.ps/statisticsIndicatorsTables.aspx?lang=en&table_id=701">"Main Indicators by Type of Locality – Population, Housing and Establishments Census 2017"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Central_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics">Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics</a> (PCBS)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 10,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Main+Indicators+by+Type+of+Locality+%E2%80%93+Population%2C+Housing+and+Establishments+Census+2017&rft.pub=Palestinian+Central+Bureau+of+Statistics+%28PCBS%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcbs.gov.ps%2FstatisticsIndicatorsTables.aspx%3Flang%3Den%26table_id%3D701&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/ramallah">"Ramallah"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Collins_English_Dictionary" title="Collins English Dictionary">Collins English Dictionary</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190922193052/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/ramallah">Archived</a> from the original on September 22, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 22,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collins+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Ramallah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Framallah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Reference-AHD-Ramallah" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=Ramallah">"Ramallah"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language" title="The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language">The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language</a></i> (5th ed.). HarperCollins<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 22,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+American+Heritage+Dictionary+of+the+English+Language&rft.atitle=Ramallah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahdictionary.com%2Fword%2Fsearch.html%3Fq%3DRamallah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111105032756/http://www.ramallah.ps/etemplate.aspx?id=81">"Ramallah.ps"</a>. Ramallah.ps. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ramallah.ps/etemplate.aspx?id=81">the original</a> on November 5, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 13,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ramallah.ps&rft.pub=Ramallah.ps&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ramallah.ps%2Fetemplate.aspx%3Fid%3D81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalmer1881">Palmer 1881</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/324/mode/1up">324</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Ramallah">"Ramallah | town, West Bank | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220627190847/https://www.britannica.com/place/Ramallah">Archived</a> from the original on June 27, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Ramallah+%7C+town%2C+West+Bank+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FRamallah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/magazine/features/palestines-new-bride">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Palestine's new bride'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com</i>. August 20, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100823005912/http://www.jpost.com/Magazine/Features/Article.aspx?id=185283">Archived</a> from the original on August 23, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post+%7C+JPost.com&rft.atitle=%27Palestine%27s+new+bride%27&rft.date=2010-08-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fmagazine%2Ffeatures%2Fpalestines-new-bride&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Loungo-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Loungo_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Loungo_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://travel.nytimes.com/2010/06/06/travel/06next-1.html">Michael T. Luongo, "Ramallah Attracts a Cosmopolitan Crowd"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100608121037/http://travel.nytimes.com/2010/06/06/travel/06next-1.html">Archived</a> June 8, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, June 3, 2010, <i>The New York Times</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-مولد_تلقائيا342-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-مولد_تلقائيا342_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Downloads/book2364.pdf">التعداد العام للسكان 2017</a> – الجهاز المركزي للإحصاء الفلسطيني <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180828171930/http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Downloads/book2364.pdf">Archived</a> 2018-08-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFConderKitchener1883">Conder & Kitchener 1883</a>, p. 155</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Finkelstein-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Finkelstein_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFinkelsteinLederman1997">Finkelstein & Lederman 1997</a>, p. 353</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRey1883">Rey 1883</a>, p. 389</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Prawer and Benvenisti, 1970, cited in Finkelstein and Lederman, 1997, p. 353</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPringle1997">Pringle 1997</a>, p. 90</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPringle1997">Pringle 1997</a>, p. 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-laoc-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-laoc_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-laoc_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-laoc_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081029233225/http://www.ramallahlaoc.org/history.aspx">"American Federation of Ramallah Palestine"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ramallahlaoc.org/history.aspx">the original</a> on October 29, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+Federation+of+Ramallah+Palestine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Framallahlaoc.org%2Fhistory.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHütterothAbdulfattah1977">Hütteroth & Abdulfattah 1977</a>, p. 121</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobinsonSmith1841">Robinson & Smith 1841</a>, pp. 133–134</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFConderKitchener1883">Conder & Kitchener 1883</a>, p. 13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-visit-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-visit_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-visit_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-visit_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://visitramallah.ramallah.ps/en/article/19/Greek-Catholic-%E2%80%9CMelkite%E2%80%9D-Church">"Greek Catholic "Melkite" Church"</a>. <i>visitramallah.ramallah.ps</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220517203358/https://visitramallah.ramallah.ps/en/article/19/Greek-Catholic-%E2%80%9CMelkite%E2%80%9D-Church">Archived</a> from the original on May 17, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=visitramallah.ramallah.ps&rft.atitle=Greek+Catholic+%22Melkite%22+Church&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvisitramallah.ramallah.ps%2Fen%2Farticle%2F19%2FGreek-Catholic-%25E2%2580%259CMelkite%25E2%2580%259D-Church&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://visitramallah.ramallah.ps/en/article/20/Coptic-Church">"Coptic Church"</a>. <i>visitramallah.ramallah.ps</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220517203323/https://visitramallah.ramallah.ps/en/article/20/Coptic-Church">Archived</a> from the original on May 17, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=visitramallah.ramallah.ps&rft.atitle=Coptic+Church&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvisitramallah.ramallah.ps%2Fen%2Farticle%2F20%2FCoptic-Church&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://visitramallah.ramallah.ps/en/article/21/Evangelical-Lutheran-Church-">"Evangelical Lutheran Church"</a>. <i>visitramallah.ramallah.ps</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220517203325/https://visitramallah.ramallah.ps/en/article/21/Evangelical-Lutheran-Church-">Archived</a> from the original on May 17, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=visitramallah.ramallah.ps&rft.atitle=Evangelical+Lutheran+Church&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvisitramallah.ramallah.ps%2Fen%2Farticle%2F21%2FEvangelical-Lutheran-Church-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://visitramallah.ramallah.ps/en/article/22/Episcopalian-Church">"Episcopalian Church"</a>. <i>visitramallah.ramallah.ps</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220517203326/https://visitramallah.ramallah.ps/en/article/22/Episcopalian-Church">Archived</a> from the original on May 17, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=visitramallah.ramallah.ps&rft.atitle=Episcopalian+Church&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvisitramallah.ramallah.ps%2Fen%2Farticle%2F22%2FEpiscopalian-Church&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111029211841/https://www.palfriends.org/schoolhistory.php">"Religious Society of Friends (Palestine)"</a>. Palfriends.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palfriends.org/schoolhistory.php">the original</a> on October 29, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 13,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Religious+Society+of+Friends+%28Palestine%29&rft.pub=Palfriends.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palfriends.org%2Fschoolhistory.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RamMuniRel-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RamMuniRel_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RamMuniRel_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080319232359/http://www.ramallah.ps/etemplate.aspx?id=3">"Religion in Ramallah City"</a>. Ramallah Municipality. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ramallah.ps/etemplate.aspx?id=3">the original</a> on March 19, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 22,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Religion+in+Ramallah+City&rft.pub=Ramallah+Municipality&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ramallah.ps%2Fetemplate.aspx%3Fid%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span> Information in text is gathered by several links in the "Religion in Ramallah" page.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071101091350/http://www.palfriends.org/fbs/history.asp">"History of Friends School"</a>. <i>Palestine Friends Boys School</i>. Visuals Active Media. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palfriends.org/fbs/history.asp">the original</a> on November 1, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 22,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Palestine+Friends+Boys+School&rft.atitle=History+of+Friends+School&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palfriends.org%2Ffbs%2Fhistory.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span> palfriends.org</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071223214116/http://www.koolpages.com/wael2003/history.htm">"From a Village to a Town"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.koolpages.com/wael2003/history.htm">the original</a> on December 23, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 22,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=From+a+Village+to+a+Town&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.koolpages.com%2Fwael2003%2Fhistory.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/radio.html">"The History of Radio in Israel"</a>. <i>Jewish Virtual Library</i>. American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071015183042/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/radio.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 15, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 22,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Virtual+Library&rft.atitle=The+History+of+Radio+in+Israel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjsource%2FHistory%2Fradio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelly2017" class="citation book cs1">Kelly, Matthew (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7nYyDwAAQBAJ"><i>The Crime of Nationalism: Britain, Palestine, and Nation-Building on the Fringe of Empire</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. p. 130. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0520291492" title="Special:BookSources/978-0520291492"><bdi>978-0520291492</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231119232950/https://books.google.com/books?id=7nYyDwAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on November 19, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 21,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Crime+of+Nationalism%3A+Britain%2C+Palestine%2C+and+Nation-Building+on+the+Fringe+of+Empire&rft.pages=130&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0520291492&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7nYyDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.btselem.org/english/Family_Separation/Origins.asp">"Creation of the problem of family separation in the Occupied Territories"</a> <a href="/wiki/Btselem" class="mw-redirect" title="Btselem">Btselem</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110605003513/http://www.btselem.org/english/Family_Separation/Origins.asp">Archived</a> June 5, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jmcc.org/research/special/military.html">Israeli Military Orders in the Occupied Palestinian West Bank</a> Jerusalem Media and Communications Centre (JMCC), 2nd edition, pp.241. 1995 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090712042326/http://www.jmcc.org/research/special/military.html">Archived</a> July 12, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Abdullah Salah. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/b43bb37dd727f0c0852570120072d4f6?Letter">dated 25 May 1983 from the Permanent Representative of Jordan to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131011153642/http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/b43bb37dd727f0c0852570120072d4f6?OpenDocument">Archived</a> October 11, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, A/38/257-S/15810 of June 2, 1983</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNakhleh1991" class="citation web cs1">Nakhleh, Issa (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927113622/http://www.palestine-encyclopedia.com/EPP/Chapter18_3of10.htm">"Encyclopedia of the Palestine Problem"</a>. Palestine-encyclopedia.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestine-encyclopedia.com/EPP/Chapter18_3of10.htm">the original</a> on September 27, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 13,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Palestine+Problem&rft.pub=Palestine-encyclopedia.com&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Nakhleh&rft.aufirst=Issa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palestine-encyclopedia.com%2FEPP%2FChapter18_3of10.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeinWeizman2002" class="citation web cs1">Lein, Yehezkel; Weizman, Eyal (May 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brightonpalestinecampaign.org/pdfs/Articles/Land%20Grab.pdf">"LAND GRAB: Israel's Settlement Policy in the West Bank"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Brightonpalestinecampaign.org</i>. <a href="/wiki/B%27Tselem" title="B'Tselem">B'Tselem</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090924025639/http://www.brightonpalestinecampaign.org/pdfs/Articles/Land%20Grab.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on September 24, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 13,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brightonpalestinecampaign.org&rft.atitle=LAND+GRAB%3A+Israel%27s+Settlement+Policy+in+the+West+Bank&rft.date=2002-05&rft.aulast=Lein&rft.aufirst=Yehezkel&rft.au=Weizman%2C+Eyal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brightonpalestinecampaign.org%2Fpdfs%2FArticles%2FLand%2520Grab.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoon1999" class="citation web cs1">Coon, Anthony (December 8, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/MDE15/059/1999/en">"ISRAEL AND THE OCCUPIED TERRITORIES: Demolition and dispossession: the destruction of Palestinian homes [MDE 15/59/99]"</a>. <i>Amnesty International</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141119193332/http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/MDE15/059/1999/en">Archived</a> from the original on November 19, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 2,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Amnesty+International&rft.atitle=ISRAEL+AND+THE+OCCUPIED+TERRITORIES%3A+Demolition+and+dispossession%3A+the+destruction+of+Palestinian+homes+%5BMDE+15%2F59%2F99%5D&rft.date=1999-12-08&rft.aulast=Coon&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnesty.org%2Fen%2Flibrary%2Finfo%2FMDE15%2F059%2F1999%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070210223319/http://www.jmcc.org/research/reports/educate.htm">"JMCC / Research"</a>. February 10, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jmcc.org/research/reports/educate.htm">the original</a> on February 10, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=JMCC+%2F+Research&rft.date=2007-02-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jmcc.org%2Fresearch%2Freports%2Feducate.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://israelipalestinian.procon.org/view.background-resource.php?resourceID=000921">1995 <i>Oslo Interim Agreement</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190118200125/https://israelipalestinian.procon.org/view.background-resource.php?resourceID=000921">Archived</a> January 18, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Text of the Accord</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160102005327/http://www.wider.unu.edu/publications/dps/dps2002/dp2002-100.pdf">"UNU-WIDER : Publications"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>UNU-WIDER</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wider.unu.edu/publications/dps/dps2002/dp2002-100.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on January 2, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNU-WIDER&rft.atitle=UNU-WIDER+%3A+Publications&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wider.unu.edu%2Fpublications%2Fdps%2Fdps2002%2Fdp2002-100.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaid2000" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Said" title="Edward Said">Said, Edward</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/books/first/s/said-end.html">"The End of the Peace Process"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160306040006/http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/s/said-end.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 6, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 4,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+End+of+the+Peace+Process&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Said&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fbooks%2Ffirst%2Fs%2Fsaid-end.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ariga.com/5759/law001.htm">"ariga.com"</a>. <i>www.ariga.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160308214013/http://ariga.com/5759/law001.htm">Archived</a> from the original on March 8, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 4,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ariga.com&rft.atitle=ariga.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ariga.com%2F5759%2Flaw001.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/documents/ga/docs/50/plenary/a50-262.htm">"PERMANENT SOVEREIGNTY OVER NATIONAL RESOURCES IN THE OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN AND OTHER ARAB TERRITORIES"</a>. United Nations. July 3, 1995. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121021230839/http://www.un.org/documents/ga/docs/50/plenary/a50-262.htm">Archived</a> from the original on October 21, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 13,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PERMANENT+SOVEREIGNTY+OVER+NATIONAL+RESOURCES+IN+THE+OCCUPIED+PALESTINIAN+AND+OTHER+ARAB+TERRITORIES&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft.date=1995-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fdocuments%2Fga%2Fdocs%2F50%2Fplenary%2Fa50-262.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.badil.org/e-library/Resident_PA.htm">Badil.org</a> Badil.org <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090111001943/http://www.badil.org/e-library/Resident_PA.htm">Archived</a> January 11, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20021201010732/http://zmag.org/content/showarticle.cfm?sectionid=22&itemid=2075">"Zmag.org"</a>. Zmag.org. July 5, 2002. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zmag.org/content/showarticle.cfm?SectionID=22&ItemID=2075">the original</a> on December 1, 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 13,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zmag.org&rft.pub=Zmag.org&rft.date=2002-07-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zmag.org%2Fcontent%2Fshowarticle.cfm%3FSectionID%3D22%26ItemID%3D2075&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.miftah.org/PrinterF.cfm?DocId=2294">"Miftah.org"</a>. Miftah.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110926215508/http://www.miftah.org/PrinterF.cfm?DocId=2294">Archived</a> from the original on September 26, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 13,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Miftah.org&rft.pub=Miftah.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.miftah.org%2FPrinterF.cfm%3FDocId%3D2294&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071101055843/http://www.machsomwatch.org/media/tahseenYaqeen.asp?link=media&lang=eng">"מחסום WATCH"</a>. November 1, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.machsomwatch.org/media/tahseenYaqeen.asp?link=media&lang=eng">the original</a> on November 1, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9D+WATCH&rft.date=2007-11-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.machsomwatch.org%2Fmedia%2FtahseenYaqeen.asp%3Flink%3Dmedia%26lang%3Deng&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsraeli_Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs2000" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs">Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> (October 12, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/lynchwit.html">"Terrorism Against Israel: Eyewitness to Ramallah Lynching"</a>. Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111108003547/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/lynchwit.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 8, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 13,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Terrorism+Against+Israel%3A+Eyewitness+to+Ramallah+Lynching&rft.pub=Jewishvirtuallibrary.org&rft.date=2000-10-12&rft.au=Israeli+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjsource%2FHistory%2Flynchwit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/969778.stm">"Lynch mob's brutal attack"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. October 13, 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080129215716/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/969778.stm">Archived</a> from the original on January 29, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 4,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Lynch+mob%27s+brutal+attack&rft.date=2000-10-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fmiddle_east%2F969778.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nahum Barnea, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4780153,00.html">'Beitunian nights: The IDF in the West Bank'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118055544/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4780153,00.html">Archived</a> November 18, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ynet" title="Ynet">Ynet</a> 18 March 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-International_Business_Times1-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-International_Business_Times1_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLotto_Persio2017" class="citation news cs1">Lotto Persio, Sofia (March 6, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yahoo.com/news/palestinian-militant-plotting-attack-israel-111219006.html">"Palestinian militant 'plotting attack in Israel' shot dead by Swat team in West Bank"</a>. International Business Times (via Yahoo.com). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170307050632/https://www.yahoo.com/news/palestinian-militant-plotting-attack-israel-111219006.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 7, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 6,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Palestinian+militant+%27plotting+attack+in+Israel%27+shot+dead+by+Swat+team+in+West+Bank&rft.date=2017-03-06&rft.aulast=Lotto+Persio&rft.aufirst=Sofia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yahoo.com%2Fnews%2Fpalestinian-militant-plotting-attack-israel-111219006.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100612000219/http://icph.birzeit.edu/Emergencey%20Publications/Child%20Report%20final%202002.pdf">"ICPH.birzeit.edu"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://icph.birzeit.edu/Emergencey%20Publications/Child%20Report%20final%202002.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on June 12, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ICPH.birzeit.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ficph.birzeit.edu%2FEmergencey%2520Publications%2FChild%2520Report%2520final%25202002.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20081211195047/http://www.haaretzdaily.com/captcha/index.php?d=haaretzdaily.com">"banned interdit verboden prohibido vietato proibido"</a>. December 11, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretzdaily.com/captcha/index.php?d=haaretzdaily.com">the original</a> on December 11, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 4,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=banned+interdit+verboden+prohibido+vietato+proibido&rft.date=2008-12-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretzdaily.com%2Fcaptcha%2Findex.php%3Fd%3Dhaaretzdaily.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWESTBANKGAZA/Resources/wbgaza-4yrassessment.pdf">"Siteresources.worldbank.org"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110522143641/http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWESTBANKGAZA/Resources/wbgaza-4yrassessment.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on May 22, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 13,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Siteresources.worldbank.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsiteresources.worldbank.org%2FINTWESTBANKGAZA%2FResources%2Fwbgaza-4yrassessment.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060427173009/http://www.palestinercs.org/checkpoints.htm">"Checkpoints"</a>. April 27, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestinercs.org/checkpoints.htm">the original</a> on April 27, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Checkpoints&rft.date=2006-04-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palestinercs.org%2Fcheckpoints.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.btselem.org/English/Freedom_of_Movement/Siege.asp">"Btselem.org"</a>. Btselem.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110605003615/http://www.btselem.org/English/Freedom_of_Movement/Siege.asp">Archived</a> from the original on June 5, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 13,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Btselem.org&rft.pub=Btselem.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.btselem.org%2FEnglish%2FFreedom_of_Movement%2FSiege.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/1761785.stm">"The Palestinians under closure"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. January 20, 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070221181920/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/1761785.stm">Archived</a> from the original on February 21, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 13,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=The+Palestinians+under+closure&rft.date=2002-01-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fmiddle_east%2F1761785.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thepalestinepapers.com/files/5129.PDF">"Meeting minutes between Saeb Erekat and David Welch, <i>Palestine Papers</i>, 16 June 2005"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150123172148/http://thepalestinepapers.com/files/5129.PDF">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on January 23, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Meeting+minutes+between+Saeb+Erekat+and+David+Welch%2C+Palestine+Papers%2C+16+June+2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthepalestinepapers.com%2Ffiles%2F5129.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927024336/http://www.khaleejtimes.com/Displayarticle.asp?section=middleeast&xfile=data%2Fmiddleeast%2F2006%2Fjanuary%2Fmiddleeast_january34.xml">"Khaleejtimes.com"</a>. Khaleejtimes.com. January 2, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.khaleejtimes.com/Displayarticle.asp?section=middleeast&xfile=data/middleeast/2006/january/middleeast_january34.xml">the original</a> on September 27, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 13,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Khaleejtimes.com&rft.pub=Khaleejtimes.com&rft.date=2006-01-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.khaleejtimes.com%2FDisplayarticle.asp%3Fsection%3Dmiddleeast%26xfile%3Ddata%2Fmiddleeast%2F2006%2Fjanuary%2Fmiddleeast_january34.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarin_Laub2006" class="citation web cs1">Karin Laub (January 1, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ocala.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060101/NEWS/201010358/1004/news">"Ocala.com"</a>. Ocala.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110928100717/http://www.ocala.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20060101%2FNEWS%2F201010358%2F1004%2Fnews">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 13,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ocala.com&rft.pub=Ocala.com&rft.date=2006-01-01&rft.au=Karin+Laub&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ocala.com%2Fapps%2Fpbcs.dll%2Farticle%3FAID%3D%2F20060101%2FNEWS%2F201010358%2F1004%2Fnews&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Toameh-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Toameh_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Toameh_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Toameh_61-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Toameh_61-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Toameh_61-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Toameh_61-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Toameh_61-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Toameh_61-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Toameh_61-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Toameh_61-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Toameh_61-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Magazine/Features/Article.aspx?id=185283">"'Palestine's new bride'"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100823005912/http://www.jpost.com/Magazine/Features/Article.aspx?id=185283">Archived</a> August 23, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Khaled Abu Toameh, <i>Jerusalem Post</i>, 20 August 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/jordan/8904168/Jordans-King-Abdullah-visits-West-Bank-for-first-time-in-decade.html">"Jordan's King Abdullah visits West Bank for first time in decade"</a>. <i>telegraph.co.uk</i>. November 21, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161222090641/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/jordan/8904168/Jordans-King-Abdullah-visits-West-Bank-for-first-time-in-decade.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 22, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 3,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=telegraph.co.uk&rft.atitle=Jordan%27s+King+Abdullah+visits+West+Bank+for+first+time+in+decade&rft.date=2011-11-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fmiddleeast%2Fjordan%2F8904168%2FJordans-King-Abdullah-visits-West-Bank-for-first-time-in-decade.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Climate-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Climate_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/site/512/default.aspx?tabID=512&lang=en&ItemID=738&mid=3171&wversion=Staging">"Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics – State of Palestine"</a>. <i>Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181004185634/http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/site/512/default.aspx?tabID=512&lang=en&ItemID=738&mid=3171&wversion=Staging">Archived</a> from the original on October 4, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 8,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Palestinian+Central+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.atitle=Palestinian+Central+Bureau+of+Statistics+%E2%80%93+State+of+Palestine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcbs.gov.ps%2Fsite%2F512%2Fdefault.aspx%3FtabID%3D512%26lang%3Den%26ItemID%3D738%26mid%3D3171%26wversion%3DStaging&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_64-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_64-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_64-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_64-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100603050907/http://www.brookings.edu/interviews/2009/0114_west_bank_gaza_dhillon.aspx">"West Bank and Gaza Economy: Before and After the Crisis – Brookings Institution"</a>. Brookings.edu. January 14, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brookings.edu/interviews/2009/0114_west_bank_gaza_dhillon.aspx">the original</a> on June 3, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 13,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=West+Bank+and+Gaza+Economy%3A+Before+and+After+the+Crisis+%E2%80%93+Brookings+Institution&rft.pub=Brookings.edu&rft.date=2009-01-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brookings.edu%2Finterviews%2F2009%2F0114_west_bank_gaza_dhillon.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_65-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_65-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_65-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_65-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/world/ramallah-building-boom-symbolizes-west-bank-growth-idUSTRE67129P/">https://www.reuters.com/article/world/ramallah-building-boom-symbolizes-west-bank-growth-idUSTRE67129P/</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation is required to prevent link rot. (August 2024)">bare URL</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_66-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/education/news/india-donates-3-million-to-complete-palestine-india-techno-park/articleshow/79626063.cms">"India donates $3 million to complete Palestine-India Techno Park"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i>. December 8, 2020. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0971-8257">0971-8257</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=India+donates+%243+million+to+complete+Palestine-India+Techno+Park&rft.date=2020-12-08&rft.issn=0971-8257&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Feducation%2Fnews%2Findia-donates-3-million-to-complete-palestine-india-techno-park%2Farticleshow%2F79626063.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/30/world/middleeast/palestinians-building-tech-hub-in-west-bank.html">"West Bank's Emerging Silicon Valley Evades Issues of Borders"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170321030919/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/30/world/middleeast/palestinians-building-tech-hub-in-west-bank.html">Archived</a> March 21, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The New York Times</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.calcalistech.com/ctechnews/article/bypitho59">"Apple expanding R&D hub in Palestinian Authority"</a>. <i>ctech</i>. June 28, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ctech&rft.atitle=Apple+expanding+R%26D+hub+in+Palestinian+Authority&rft.date=2022-06-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.calcalistech.com%2Fctechnews%2Farticle%2Fbypitho59&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Socin-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Socin_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Socin, 1879, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde01deut#page/158/mode/1up">158</a> the population count is given with a "?"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hartmann, 1883, p.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_BZobAQAAIAAJ#page/n935/mode/1up">127</a> noted 120 houses</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arieh90-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Arieh90_71-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arieh90_71-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ben-Arieh, 1985, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ybz.org.il/_Uploads/dbsAttachedFiles/Article_36.8.pdf">90</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200722211520/http://www.ybz.org.il/_Uploads/dbsAttachedFiles/Article_36.8.pdf">Archived</a> July 22, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schick, 1896, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde19deut#page/n228/mode/1up">121</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census1922-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Census1922_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barron, 1923, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n18/mode/1up">16</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harris, Chauncy Dennison. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=28l-AAAAMAAJ&q=Ramallah+jews">Research paper: Issues 217–218 of World Patterns of Modern Urban Change: Essays in Honor of Chauncy D. Harris</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160102005326/https://books.google.com/books?id=28l-AAAAMAAJ&q=Ramallah+jews&dq=Ramallah+jews&hl=en&ei=EZE8TIjwNo6UjAe83pjCAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDgQ6AEwBDgy">Archived</a> January 2, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> pg. 154</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census1922b-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Census1922b_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barron, 1923, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n47/mode/1up">45</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census1931-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Census1931_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mills, 1932, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas">50</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VillageStatistics1938orig.pdf"><i>Village Statistics</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 1938. p. 48. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231107124512/https://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VillageStatistics1938orig.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on November 7, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 6,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Village+Statistics&rft.pages=48&rft.date=1938&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fusers.cecs.anu.edu.au%2F~bdm%2Fyabber%2Fcensus%2FVillageStatistics1938orig.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. <i>Village Statistics, April, 1945.</i> Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Ramallah/Page-065.jpg">65</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201107034222/https://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Ramallah/Page-065.jpg">Archived</a> November 7, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/490336/Ramallah">Ramallah</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111129092138/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/490336/Ramallah">Archived</a> November 29, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. 2008. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. December 27, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_pcbs/phc_97/ram_t6.aspx">Palestinian Population by Locality, Sex and Age Groups in Years</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081119061257/http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_pcbs/phc_97/ram_t6.aspx">Archived</a> November 19, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_pcbs/phc_97/ram_t1.aspx">Palestinian Population by Locality, Sex and Age Groups in Years</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081119061326/http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_pcbs/phc_97/ram_t1.aspx">Archived</a> November 19, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_pcbs/populati/pop07.aspx">"Projected Mid -Year Population for Ramallah & Al Bireh Governorate by Locality 2004– 2006"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090304011608/http://pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_pcbs/populati/pop07.aspx">Archived</a> March 4, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics. (PCBS).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PCBS07-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PCBS07_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_PCBS/Downloads/book1487.pdf">2007 PCBS Census</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101210081942/http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_PCBS/Downloads/book1487.pdf">Archived</a> December 10, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics. p.114. (Arabic)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hall, Andy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eappi.org/ar/news-events/ea-reports/r/browse/17/article/4837/quaker-meeting-in-ramalla.html">Quaker Meeting in Ramallah</a> <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Accompaniment_Programme_in_Palestine_and_Israel" title="Ecumenical Accompaniment Programme in Palestine and Israel">Ecumenical Accompaniment Programme in Palestine and Israel</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110225142355/http://www.eappi.org/ar/news-events/ea-reports/r/browse/17/article/4837/quaker-meeting-in-ramalla.html">Archived</a> February 25, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Keulemans, Chris. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iwp.uiowa.edu/91st/vol4_n1/pdfs/keulemans.pdf">Imagination Behind the Wall: Cultural Life in Ramallah</a> p.2. April 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013154/http://iwp.uiowa.edu/91st/vol4_n1/pdfs/keulemans.pdf">Archived</a> October 6, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt96-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nyt96_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1996/10/05/world/foes-take-steps-to-cut-tension-in-west-bank.html">"Foes Take Steps To Cut Tension In West Bank"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. October 5, 1996. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150204185745/http://www.nytimes.com/1996/10/05/world/foes-take-steps-to-cut-tension-in-west-bank.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 4, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 4,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Foes+Take+Steps+To+Cut+Tension+In+West+Bank&rft.date=1996-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1996%2F10%2F05%2Fworld%2Ffoes-take-steps-to-cut-tension-in-west-bank.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://observer.guardian.co.uk/review/story/0,6903,1391186,00.html">Emails from the edge</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071203143712/http://observer.guardian.co.uk/review/story/0,6903,1391186,00.html">Archived</a> December 3, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a>, January 16, 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna10704035">Hamas says it will use Islamic law as guide</a> <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>, January 29, 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jerusalemites.org/jerusalem/cultural_dimensions/71.htm">Jerusalemites.org</a>, cultural dimensions <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101222185339/http://www.jerusalemites.org/jerusalem/cultural_dimensions/71.htm">Archived</a> December 22, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Twair-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Twair_90-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Twair_90-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Twair_90-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPat_McDonnell_Twair2006" class="citation web cs1">Pat McDonnell Twair (October 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070701190757/http://www.palestineheritage.org/Newsletter_December_2006.htm">"Sovereign Threads"</a>. Palestine Heritage Foundation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestineheritage.org/Newsletter_December_2006.htm">the original</a> on July 1, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sovereign+Threads&rft.pub=Palestine+Heritage+Foundation&rft.date=2006-10&rft.au=Pat+McDonnell+Twair&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palestineheritage.org%2FNewsletter_December_2006.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oneal-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oneal_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDenise_O'Neal2005" class="citation web cs1">Denise O'Neal (September–October 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927010609/http://www.palestineheritage.org/Threads%20of%20Tradition_Antiochian%20Museum.htm">"Threads of Tradition:An Exhibition of Palestinian Folk Dress at Antiochian Village"</a>. Palestine Heritage Association. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestineheritage.org/Threads%20of%20Tradition_Antiochian%20Museum.htm">the original</a> on September 27, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Threads+of+Tradition%3AAn+Exhibition+of+Palestinian+Folk+Dress+at+Antiochian+Village&rft.pub=Palestine+Heritage+Association&rft.date=2005-09%2F2005-10&rft.au=Denise+O%27Neal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palestineheritage.org%2FThreads%2520of%2520Tradition_Antiochian%2520Museum.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grutz-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Grutz_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJane_Waldron_Grutz1991" class="citation magazine cs1">Jane Waldron Grutz (January–February 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/199101/woven.legacy.woven.language.htm">"Woven Legacy, Woven Language"</a>. <i>Saudi Aramco World</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070219004053/http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/199101/woven.legacy.woven.language.htm">Archived</a> from the original on February 19, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Saudi+Aramco+World&rft.atitle=Woven+Legacy%2C+Woven+Language&rft.date=1991-01%2F1991-02&rft.au=Jane+Waldron+Grutz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saudiaramcoworld.com%2Fissue%2F199101%2Fwoven.legacy.woven.language.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestineheritage.org/Newsletter_July_2005.htm">"Heritage Newsletter of the Palestinian Heritage Foundation Volume 6"</a>. Palestineheritage.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110929234755/http://www.palestineheritage.org/Newsletter_July_2005.htm">Archived</a> from the original on September 29, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 13,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Heritage+Newsletter+of+the+Palestinian+Heritage+Foundation+Volume+6&rft.pub=Palestineheritage.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palestineheritage.org%2FNewsletter_July_2005.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arcgis.com/apps/MapJournal/index.html?appid=7f43a26bf8094241bcd6ff064bd65f1a">"International Relations of Ramallah Municipality"</a>. <i>arcgis.com</i>. ArcGIS. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221206143441/https://www.arcgis.com/apps/MapJournal/index.html?appid=7f43a26bf8094241bcd6ff064bd65f1a">Archived</a> from the original on December 6, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=arcgis.com&rft.atitle=International+Relations+of+Ramallah+Municipality&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arcgis.com%2Fapps%2FMapJournal%2Findex.html%3Fappid%3D7f43a26bf8094241bcd6ff064bd65f1a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxford.gov.uk/info/20139/oxford_international_links/1344/international_links_-_ramallah">"International Links – Ramallah"</a>. <i>oxford.gov.uk</i>. Oxford City Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326064859/https://www.oxford.gov.uk/info/20139/oxford_international_links/1344/international_links_-_ramallah">Archived</a> from the original on March 26, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oxford.gov.uk&rft.atitle=International+Links+%E2%80%93+Ramallah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxford.gov.uk%2Finfo%2F20139%2Foxford_international_links%2F1344%2Finternational_links_-_ramallah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitaker2001" class="citation news cs1">Whitaker, Brian (September 3, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/sep/03/israel">"The summit of Middle East tension"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160102005326/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/sep/03/israel">Archived</a> from the original on January 2, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 17,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+summit+of+Middle+East+tension&rft.date=2001-09-03&rft.aulast=Whitaker&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2001%2Fsep%2F03%2Fisrael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarron,_J.B.1923" class="citation book cs1">Barron, J.B., ed. (1923). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922"><i>Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922</i></a>. Government of Palestine.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palestine%3A+Report+and+General+Abstracts+of+the+Census+of+1922&rft.pub=Government+of+Palestine&rft.date=1923&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FPalestineCensus1922&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBen-Arieh1985" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ben-Arieh, Yehoshua (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ybz.org.il/_Uploads/dbsAttachedFiles/Article_36.8.pdf">"The Sanjak of Jerusalem in the 1870s"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Cathedra</i> (in Hebrew). <b>36</b>: 73–122. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200722211520/http://www.ybz.org.il/_Uploads/dbsAttachedFiles/Article_36.8.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on July 22, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 30,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cathedra&rft.atitle=The+Sanjak+of+Jerusalem+in+the+1870s&rft.volume=36&rft.pages=73-122&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Ben-Arieh&rft.aufirst=Yehoshua&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ybz.org.il%2F_Uploads%2FdbsAttachedFiles%2FArticle_36.8.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConderKitchener1883" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Claude_Reignier_Conder" title="Claude Reignier Conder">Conder, C.R.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kitchener,_1st_Earl_Kitchener" title="Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener">Kitchener, H.H.</a> (1883). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp03conduoft"><i>The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology</i></a>. Vol. 3. London: <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Exploration_Fund" title="Palestine Exploration Fund">Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Survey+of+Western+Palestine%3A+Memoirs+of+the+Topography%2C+Orography%2C+Hydrography%2C+and+Archaeology&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Committee+of+the+Palestine+Exploration+Fund&rft.date=1883&rft.aulast=Conder&rft.aufirst=C.R.&rft.au=Kitchener%2C+H.H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsurveyofwesternp03conduoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinkelsteinLederman1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Israel_Finkelstein" title="Israel Finkelstein">Finkelstein, I.</a>; Lederman, Zvi, eds. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Wb4xmgEACAAJ"><i>Highlands of many cultures</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>: Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University Publications Section. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/965-440-007-3" title="Special:BookSources/965-440-007-3"><bdi>965-440-007-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200810004958/https://books.google.com/books?id=Wb4xmgEACAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on August 10, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 3,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Highlands+of+many+cultures&rft.place=Tel+Aviv&rft.pub=Institute+of+Archaeology+of+Tel+Aviv+University+Publications+Section&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=965-440-007-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWb4xmgEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Jordan,_Department_of_Statistics1964" class="citation book cs1">Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/JordanCensus1961bits.pdf"><i>First Census of Population and Housing. Volume I: Final Tables; General Characteristics of the Population</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150403115045/http://cs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/JordanCensus1961bits.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on April 3, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 10,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=First+Census+of+Population+and+Housing.+Volume+I%3A+Final+Tables%3B+General+Characteristics+of+the+Population&rft.date=1964&rft.au=Government+of+Jordan%2C+Department+of+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcs.anu.edu.au%2F~bdm%2Fyabber%2Fcensus%2FJordanCensus1961bits.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Palestine,_Department_of_Statistics1945" class="citation book cs1">Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics (1945). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/Hebrew/library/Pages/BookReader.aspx?pid=856390"><i>Village Statistics, April, 1945</i></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190402072744/http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/hebrew/library/pages/bookreader.aspx?pid=856390">Archived</a> from the original on April 2, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 10,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Village+Statistics%2C+April%2C+1945&rft.date=1945&rft.au=Government+of+Palestine%2C+Department+of+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.nli.org.il%2Fsites%2Fnli%2FHebrew%2Flibrary%2FPages%2FBookReader.aspx%3Fpid%3D856390&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrant,_E.1926" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Elihu_Grant" title="Elihu Grant">Grant, E.</a> (1926). "Ramallah. Signs of the early occupation of this and other sites". <i>Quarterly Statement – Palestine Exploration Fund</i>. <b>58</b> (4): 186–195. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1179%2Fpeq.1926.58.4.186">10.1179/peq.1926.58.4.186</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0031-0328">0031-0328</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quarterly+Statement+%E2%80%93+Palestine+Exploration+Fund&rft.atitle=Ramallah.+Signs+of+the+early+occupation+of+this+and+other+sites&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=186-195&rft.date=1926&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1179%2Fpeq.1926.58.4.186&rft.issn=0031-0328&rft.au=Grant%2C+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuérin1875" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Victor_Gu%C3%A9rin" title="Victor Guérin">Guérin, V.</a> (1875). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/descriptiongogr04gugoog"><i>Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine</i></a> (in French). Vol. 2: Samarie, pt. 2. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Description+G%C3%A9ographique+Historique+et+Arch%C3%A9ologique+de+la+Palestine&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=L%27Imprimerie+Nationale&rft.date=1875&rft.aulast=Gu%C3%A9rin&rft.aufirst=V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdescriptiongogr04gugoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span> (pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr04gugoog#page/n61/mode/1up">40</a>- 41)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHadawi1970" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sami_Hadawi" title="Sami Hadawi">Hadawi, S.</a> (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html"><i>Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine</i></a>. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181208215837/http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 8, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 23,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Village+Statistics+of+1945%3A+A+Classification+of+Land+and+Area+ownership+in+Palestine&rft.pub=Palestine+Liberation+Organization+Research+Center&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Hadawi&rft.aufirst=S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palestineremembered.com%2FArticles%2FGeneral-2%2FStory3150.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHartmann1883" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Hartmann" title="Martin Hartmann">Hartmann, M.</a> (1883). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_BZobAQAAIAAJ">"Die Ortschaftenliste des Liwa Jerusalem in dem türkischen Staatskalender für Syrien auf das Jahr 1288 der Flucht (1871)"</a>. <i>Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins</i>. <b>6</b>: 102–149.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+des+Deutschen+Pal%C3%A4stina-Vereins&rft.atitle=Die+Ortschaftenliste+des+Liwa+Jerusalem+in+dem+t%C3%BCrkischen+Staatskalender+f%C3%BCr+Syrien+auf+das+Jahr+1288+der+Flucht+%281871%29&rft.volume=6&rft.pages=102-149&rft.date=1883&rft.aulast=Hartmann&rft.aufirst=M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_BZobAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHütterothAbdulfattah1977" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wolf-Dieter_H%C3%BCtteroth" title="Wolf-Dieter Hütteroth">Hütteroth, W.-D.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Kamal_Abdulfattah" title="Kamal Abdulfattah">Abdulfattah, K.</a> (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wqULAAAAIAAJ"><i>Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century</i></a>. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-920405-41-2" title="Special:BookSources/3-920405-41-2"><bdi>3-920405-41-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191014140930/https://books.google.com/books?id=wqULAAAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on October 14, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 10,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Geography+of+Palestine%2C+Transjordan+and+Southern+Syria+in+the+Late+16th+Century&rft.pub=Erlanger+Geographische+Arbeiten%2C+Sonderband+5.+Erlangen%2C+Germany%3A+Vorstand+der+Fr%C3%A4nkischen+Geographischen+Gesellschaft&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=3-920405-41-2&rft.aulast=H%C3%BCtteroth&rft.aufirst=W.-D.&rft.au=Abdulfattah%2C+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwqULAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMills,_E.1932" class="citation book cs1">Mills, E., ed. (1932). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas"><i>Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas</i></a>. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Census+of+Palestine+1931.+Population+of+Villages%2C+Towns+and+Administrative+Areas&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pub=Government+of+Palestine&rft.date=1932&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FCensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalmer1881" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Henry_Palmer" title="Edward Henry Palmer">Palmer, E.H.</a> (1881). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft"><i>The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Exploration_Fund" title="Palestine Exploration Fund">Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Survey+of+Western+Palestine%3A+Arabic+and+English+Name+Lists+Collected+During+the+Survey+by+Lieutenants+Conder+and+Kitchener%2C+R.+E.+Transliterated+and+Explained+by+E.H.+Palmer&rft.pub=Committee+of+the+Palestine+Exploration+Fund&rft.date=1881&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=E.H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsurveyofwesternp00conduoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPringle1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Denys_Pringle" title="Denys Pringle">Pringle, D.</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-_NbE5obqRMC"><i>Secular buildings in the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: an archaeological Gazetteer</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521-46010-7" title="Special:BookSources/0521-46010-7"><bdi>0521-46010-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200608230937/https://books.google.com/books?id=-_NbE5obqRMC">Archived</a> from the original on June 8, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 15,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Secular+buildings+in+the+Crusader+Kingdom+of+Jerusalem%3A+an+archaeological+Gazetteer&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0521-46010-7&rft.aulast=Pringle&rft.aufirst=D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-_NbE5obqRMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRey1883" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Guillaume-Rey" class="extiw" title="fr:Emmanuel Guillaume-Rey">Rey, E.G.</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in French]</span> (1883). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lescoloniesfran00reygoog"><i>Les colonies franques de Syrie aux XIIme et XIIIme siècles</i></a> (in French). Paris: A. Picard.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+colonies+franques+de+Syrie+aux+XIIme+et+XIIIme+si%C3%A8cles&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=A.+Picard&rft.date=1883&rft.aulast=Rey&rft.aufirst=E.G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flescoloniesfran00reygoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobinsonSmith1841" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Robinson_(scholar)" title="Edward Robinson (scholar)">Robinson, E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Eli_Smith" title="Eli Smith">Smith, E.</a> (1841). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/biblicalresearc00smitgoog"><i>Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838</i></a>. Vol. 2. Boston: <a href="/wiki/Crocker_%26_Brewster" title="Crocker & Brewster">Crocker & Brewster</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biblical+Researches+in+Palestine%2C+Mount+Sinai+and+Arabia+Petraea%3A+A+Journal+of+Travels+in+the+year+1838&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Crocker+%26+Brewster&rft.date=1841&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=E.&rft.au=Smith%2C+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbiblicalresearc00smitgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Shaheen, Azeez (1982): <i>Ramallah: Its history and genealogies</i>. <a href="/wiki/Birzeit_University" title="Birzeit University">Birzeit University</a> Press</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchick1896" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Conrad_Schick" title="Conrad Schick">Schick, C.</a> (1896). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftdesde19deut">"Zur Einwohnerzahl des Bezirks Jerusalem"</a>. <i>Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins</i>. <b>19</b>: 120–127.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+des+Deutschen+Pal%C3%A4stina-Vereins&rft.atitle=Zur+Einwohnerzahl+des+Bezirks+Jerusalem&rft.volume=19&rft.pages=120-127&rft.date=1896&rft.aulast=Schick&rft.aufirst=C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fzeitschriftdesde19deut&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSocin1879" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Socin" title="Albert Socin">Socin, A.</a> (1879). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftdesde01deut">"Alphabetisches Verzeichniss von Ortschaften des Paschalik Jerusalem"</a>. <i>Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins</i>. <b>2</b>: 135–163.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+des+Deutschen+Pal%C3%A4stina-Vereins&rft.atitle=Alphabetisches+Verzeichniss+von+Ortschaften+des+Paschalik+Jerusalem&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=135-163&rft.date=1879&rft.aulast=Socin&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fzeitschriftdesde01deut&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamallah" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ramallah" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ramallah">Ramallah</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Ramallah#Q158119" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Ramallah">Ramallah</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ramallah.ps/english.aspx">Ramallah City</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121016091841/http://www.ramallah.ps/english.aspx">Archived</a> October 16, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestineremembered.com/GeoPoints/Ramallah_527/index.html">Welcome To The City of Ramallah</a></li> <li>Survey of Western Palestine, Map 17: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=93&type_id=6&id=8379">IAA</a>, <a href="/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.17.jpg" title="File:Survey of Western Palestine 1880.17.jpg">Wikimedia commons</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070510140935/http://www.ramallah-city.org/history.htm">Ramallah History</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ramallahunderground.com/">Music and Art from Ramallah</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090121112339/http://ramallahunderground.com/">Archived</a> January 21, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071101092030/http://www.eappi.org/eappi.nsf/index/rep-ah-05012804.html">Quaker Meeting in Ramallah</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080311235308/http://www.ourfatherlutheran.net/biblehomelands/palestine/westbank.htm">West Bank/Palestine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071012082330/http://prc.org.uk/palestine%2048/ramallah.html">Ramallah</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alkasaba.org/">Al Kasaba Theatre</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050813024438/http://www.sakakini.org/">Khalil Sakakini Cultural Centre</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sirreyeh.org/">First Ramallah Group</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ramallahfilmfestival.org/">Ramallah International Film Festival</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130617212922/http://www.ramallahfilmfestival.org/">Archived</a> June 17, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ramallahonline.com/">RamallahOnline.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.RamallahClubDetroit.com/">Ramallah Club of Metro Detroit</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120219044805/http://www.jnewswire.com/article/862">Jnewswire.com</a>, Ramallah ancient synagogue</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://annebrunswic.fr/69-Welcome-to-Palestine-chronicles-of">Anne Brunswic's book Welcome to Palestine, English translation</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_administered_by_the_State_of_Palestine" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_administered_by_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Template:Cities administered by the State of Palestine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_administered_by_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Template talk:Cities administered by the State of Palestine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_administered_by_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities administered by the State of Palestine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_administered_by_the_State_of_Palestine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_administered_by_the_Palestinian_Authority" title="List of cities administered by the Palestinian Authority">Cities</a> administered by the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">State of Palestine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Dis" title="Abu Dis">Abu Dis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arraba,_Jenin" title="Arraba, Jenin">Arraba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bani_Na%27im" title="Bani Na'im">Bani Na'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Sahour" title="Beit Sahour">Beit Sahour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Jala" title="Beit Jala">Beit Jala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Ummar" title="Beit Ummar">Beit Ummar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beitunia" title="Beitunia">Beitunia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bireh" title="Al-Bireh">al-Bireh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ad-Dhahiriya" title="Ad-Dhahiriya">ad-Dhahiriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dura,_Hebron" title="Dura, Hebron">Dura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Eizariya" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Eizariya">al-Eizariya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halhul" title="Halhul">Halhul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebron" title="Hebron">Hebron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idna" title="Idna">Idna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenin" title="Jenin">Jenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jericho" title="Jericho">Jericho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nablus" title="Nablus">Nablus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qabatiya" title="Qabatiya">Qabatiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalqilya" title="Qalqilya">Qalqilya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ram" title="Al-Ram">Ram</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ramallah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rawabi" title="Rawabi">Rawabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%27ir" title="Sa'ir">Sa'ir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salfit" title="Salfit">Salfit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Samu" title="As-Samu">as-Samu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarqumiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarqumiya">Tarqumiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubas_(city)" title="Tubas (city)">Tubas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulkarm" title="Tulkarm">Tulkarm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27bad" title="Ya'bad">Ya'bad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Yamun" title="Al-Yamun">al-Yamun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yatta,_Hebron" title="Yatta, Hebron">Yatta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a><sup>*</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abasan_al-Kabira" title="Abasan al-Kabira">Abasan al-Kabira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bani_Suheila" title="Bani Suheila">Bani Suheila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Hanoun" title="Beit Hanoun">Beit Hanoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Lahia" title="Beit Lahia">Beit Lahia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_al-Balah" title="Deir al-Balah">Deir al-Balah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_City" title="Gaza City">Gaza City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabalia" title="Jabalia">Jabalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_Yunis" title="Khan Yunis">Khan Yunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafah" title="Rafah">Rafah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Az-Zawayda" title="Az-Zawayda">az-Zawayda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>*</sup>From 14 June 2007, the Gaza Strip has been under <i>de facto</i> <a href="/wiki/Hamas_government_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Hamas government in the Gaza Strip">Hamas governance</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_Asian_capitals_by_region" title="Template:List of Asian capitals by region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_Asian_capitals_by_region" title="Template talk:List of Asian capitals by region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_Asian_capitals_by_region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of Asian capitals by region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capitals</a> of Asia</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territories</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">states with limited recognition</a> are in <i>italics</i></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;">Central Asia</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">South Asia</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Southeast Asia</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">West Asia</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Ashgabat" title="Ashgabat">Ashgabat</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bishkek" title="Bishkek">Bishkek</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dushanbe" title="Dushanbe">Dushanbe</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tashkent" title="Tashkent">Tashkent</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul> <div style="background:#dcdcfe; text-align:center;"><b>East Asia</b></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pyongyang" title="Pyongyang">Pyongyang</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ulaanbaatar" title="Ulaanbaatar">Ulaanbaatar</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li></ul> <div style="background:#dcdcfe; text-align:center;"><b>North Asia</b></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Camp_Thunder_Cove" title="Camp Thunder Cove">Camp Thunder Cove</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">BIOT</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a>) <b>*</b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Islamabad" title="Islamabad">Islamabad</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kathmandu" title="Kathmandu">Kathmandu</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mal%C3%A9" title="Malé">Malé</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sri_Jayawardenepura_Kotte" title="Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte">Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Thimphu" title="Thimphu">Thimphu</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan">Bandar Seri Begawan</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dili" title="Dili">Dili</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Flying_Fish_Cove" title="Flying Fish Cove">Flying Fish Cove</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Naypyidaw" title="Naypyidaw">Naypyidaw</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Phnom_Penh" title="Phnom Penh">Phnom Penh</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vientiane" title="Vientiane">Vientiane</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/West_Island,_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="West Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands">West Island</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi" title="Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Episkopi_Cantonment" title="Episkopi Cantonment">Episkopi Cantonment</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> <b>*</b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kuwait_City" title="Kuwait City">Kuwait City</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Manama" title="Manama">Manama</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Muscat" title="Muscat">Muscat</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/North_Nicosia" title="North Nicosia">North Nicosia</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></i> <b>*</b></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ramallah</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a></i> (de facto) <b>*</b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sanaa" title="Sanaa">Sanaa</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi">Sukhumi</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></i> <b>*</b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tskhinvali" title="Tskhinvali">Tskhinvali</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></i> <b>*</b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em 0 0.3em; line-height:1.3em;"><div><b>*</b> Disputed. See: <a href="/wiki/Chagos_Archipelago_sovereignty_dispute" title="Chagos Archipelago sovereignty dispute">Chagos Archipelago sovereignty dispute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyprus dispute">Cyprus dispute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Status_of_Jerusalem" title="Status of Jerusalem">Status of Jerusalem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abkhaz-Georgian_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Abkhaz-Georgian conflict">Abkhaz-Georgian conflict</a> and <a href="/wiki/Georgian-Ossetian_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgian-Ossetian conflict">Georgian-Ossetian conflict</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_Arab_countries" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Capitals_of_Arab_countries" title="Template:Capitals of Arab countries"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Capitals_of_Arab_countries" title="Template talk:Capitals of Arab countries"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Capitals_of_Arab_countries" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Capitals of Arab countries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_Arab_countries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Capitals of <a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab countries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;">Africa</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Asia</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;padding-left:0.3em;width:50%;"><div> <div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Djibouti_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Djibouti (city)">Djibouti</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li></ul> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Hargeisa" title="Hargeisa">Hargeisa</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a></i><sup>1</sup></li></ul></div></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum">Khartoum</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mogadishu" title="Mogadishu">Mogadishu</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Moroni,_Comoros" title="Moroni, Comoros">Moroni</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott">Nouakchott</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rabat" title="Rabat">Rabat</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li></ul> </div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding-left:0.3em;width:50%;"><div> <div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi" title="Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></b> <small>(proclaimed)</small>, <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a><br /></li><li> <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ramallah</a></b> <small>(de facto)</small><sup>1</sup></li></ul></div></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kuwait_City" title="Kuwait City">Kuwait City</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Manama" title="Manama">Manama</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Muscat" title="Muscat">Muscat</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sanaa" title="Sanaa">Sanaa</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>1</sup> <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">An unrecognised or partially-recognised nation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ramallah_and_al-Bireh_Governorate" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ramallah_and_al-Bireh_Governorate" title="Template:Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ramallah_and_al-Bireh_Governorate" title="Template talk:Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ramallah_and_al-Bireh_Governorate" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ramallah_and_al-Bireh_Governorate" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ramallah_and_al-Bireh_Governorate" title="Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate">Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_administered_by_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities administered by the Palestinian National Authority">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beitunia" title="Beitunia">Beitunia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bireh" title="Al-Bireh">al-Bireh</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ramallah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rawabi" title="Rawabi">Rawabi</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Governate_of_Ramallah_and_el-Beireh.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Governorate of Ramallah and el-Beireh"><img alt="Governorate of Ramallah and el-Beireh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Governate_of_Ramallah_and_el-Beireh.png/50px-Governate_of_Ramallah_and_el-Beireh.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Governate_of_Ramallah_and_el-Beireh.png/75px-Governate_of_Ramallah_and_el-Beireh.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Governate_of_Ramallah_and_el-Beireh.png/100px-Governate_of_Ramallah_and_el-Beireh.png 2x" data-file-width="1066" data-file-height="1223" /></a></span><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine"><img alt="State of Palestine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/50px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/75px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/100px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Municipality_(Palestinian_Authority)" title="Municipality (Palestinian Authority)">Municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bani_Zeid" class="mw-redirect" title="Bani Zeid">Bani Zeid</a> <ul><li><small>Beit Rima </small></li> <li><small> Deir Ghassana </small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bani_Zeid_al-Sharqiya" title="Bani Zeid al-Sharqiya">Bani Zeid al-Sharqiya</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/%27Arura" title="'Arura">'Arura</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Mazari_an-Nubani" title="Mazari an-Nubani">Mazari an-Nubani</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Liqya" title="Beit Liqya">Beit Liqya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bir_Zeit" class="mw-redirect" title="Bir Zeit">Bir Zeit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_Dibwan" title="Deir Dibwan">Deir Dibwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mazra%27a_ash-Sharqiya" title="Al-Mazra'a ash-Sharqiya">al-Mazra'a ash-Sharqiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni%27lin" title="Ni'lin">Ni'lin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silwad" title="Silwad">Silwad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinjil" title="Sinjil">Sinjil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turmus_Ayya" title="Turmus Ayya">Turmus Ayya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Zaitounah" title="Al-Zaitounah">al-Zaitounah</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Abu_Shukhaidem" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Shukhaidem">Abu Shukhaidem</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Al-Mazra%27a_al-Qibliya" title="Al-Mazra'a al-Qibliya">al-Mazra'a al-Qibliya</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ittihad,_Ramallah" title="Al-Ittihad, Ramallah">al-Ittihad</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Beitillu" title="Beitillu">Beitillu</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Deir_%27Ammar" title="Deir 'Ammar">Deir 'Ammar</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Jammala" title="Jammala">Jammala</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taybeh,_Ramallah" title="Taybeh, Ramallah">Taybeh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Village_council_(Palestinian_Authority)" class="mw-redirect" title="Village council (Palestinian Authority)">Village councils</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aboud" title="Aboud">Aboud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Qash" title="Abu Qash">Abu Qash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abwein" title="Abwein">Abwein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajjul" title="Ajjul">Ajjul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Atara" title="'Atara">'Atara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/At-Tira_(Ramallah)" title="At-Tira (Ramallah)">At-Tira</a></li> <li>Badiw al-Muarrajat</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beitin" title="Beitin">Beitin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Ur_al-Fauqa" title="Beit Ur al-Fauqa">Beit Ur al-Fauqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Ur_al-Tahta" title="Beit Ur al-Tahta">Beit Ur al-Tahta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bil%27in" title="Bil'in">Bil'in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Sira" title="Beit Sira">Beit Sira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budrus" title="Budrus">Budrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burham,_Ramallah" title="Burham, Ramallah">Burham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burqa,_Ramallah" title="Burqa, Ramallah">Burqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_Ibzi" title="Deir Ibzi">Deir Ibzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_Jarir" title="Deir Jarir">Deir Jarir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_Abu_Mash%27al" title="Deir Abu Mash'al">Deir Abu Mash'al</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_Nidham" title="Deir Nidham">Deir Nidham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_Qaddis" title="Deir Qaddis">Deir Qaddis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_as-Sudan" title="Deir as-Sudan">Deir as-Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dura_al-Qar%27" title="Dura al-Qar'">Dura al-Qar'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_%27Arik" title="Ein 'Arik">Ein 'Arik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Qiniya" title="Ein Qiniya">Ein Qiniya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Samiya" title="Ein Samiya">Ein Samiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Siniya" title="Ein Siniya">Ein Siniya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Yabrud" title="Ein Yabrud">Ein Yabrud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Janiya" title="Al-Janiya">al-Janiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jibiya,_Ramallah" title="Jibiya, Ramallah">Jibiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jifna" title="Jifna">Jifna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiljilyya" title="Jiljilyya">Jiljilyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Ein" title="Kafr Ein">Kafr Ein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Malik" title="Kafr Malik">Kafr Malik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Ni%27ma" title="Kafr Ni'ma">Kafr Ni'ma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharbatha_al-Misbah" title="Kharbatha al-Misbah">Kharbatha al-Misbah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharbatha_Bani_Harith" title="Kharbatha Bani Harith">Kharbatha Bani Harith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khirbet_Abu_Falah" title="Khirbet Abu Falah">Khirbet Abu Falah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kobar" title="Kobar">Kobar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Lubban_al-Gharbi" title="Al-Lubban al-Gharbi">al-Lubban al-Gharbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Midya" title="Al-Midya">al-Midya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mughayyir,_Ramallah" title="Al-Mughayyir, Ramallah">al-Mughayyir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabi_Salih" title="Nabi Salih">Nabi Salih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qarawat_Bani_Zeid" title="Qarawat Bani Zeid">Qarawat Bani Zeid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qibya" title="Qibya">Qibya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rammun" title="Rammun">Rammun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rantis" title="Rantis">Rantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ras_Karkar" title="Ras Karkar">Ras Karkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saffa,_Ramallah" title="Saffa, Ramallah">Saffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabtin" title="Shabtin">Shabtin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuqba" title="Shuqba">Shuqba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surda,_Ramallah" class="mw-redirect" title="Surda, Ramallah">Surda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_Safa" title="Umm Safa">Umm Safa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yabrud,_Ramallah" title="Yabrud, Ramallah">Yabrud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Palestine_refugee_camps" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestine refugee camps">Refugee camps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Am%27ari" class="mw-redirect" title="Am'ari">Am'ari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_%27Ammar_Camp" title="Deir 'Ammar Camp">Deir 'Ammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalazone" title="Jalazone">Jalazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaddura" title="Qaddura">Qaddura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silwad_Camp" title="Silwad Camp">Silwad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q158119#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q158119#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q158119#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/150106380">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1213715/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvRQDrtBB4M77wW77ttKd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4355849-5">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81063028">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Ramalláh (Západní břeh Jordánu)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge491156&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007554836105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/030881013">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ramallah&oldid=1253371998">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ramallah&oldid=1253371998</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ramallah_and_al-Bireh_Governorate" title="Category:Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate">Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ramallah" title="Category:Ramallah">Ramallah</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Capitals_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Category:Capitals in the State of Palestine">Capitals in the State of Palestine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_in_the_West_Bank" title="Category:Cities in the West Bank">Cities in the West Bank</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Palestinian_Christian_communities" title="Category:Palestinian Christian communities">Palestinian Christian communities</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Populated_places_established_in_the_16th_century" title="Category:Populated places established in the 16th century">Populated places established in the 16th century</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Municipalities_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Category:Municipalities of the State of Palestine">Municipalities of the State of Palestine</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_non-numeric_formatnum_arguments" title="Category:Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments">Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Phonos_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Phonos extension">Pages using the Phonos extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_bare_URLs_for_citations" title="Category:All articles with bare URLs for citations">All articles with bare URLs for citations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_bare_URLs_for_citations_from_August_2024" title="Category:Articles with bare URLs for citations from August 2024">Articles with bare URLs for citations from August 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_PDF_format_bare_URLs_for_citations" title="Category:Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations">Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_extended-confirmed-protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages">Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_July_2012" title="Category:Use mdy dates from July 2012">Use mdy dates from July 2012</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text">Articles containing Arabic-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Hebrew-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Hebrew-language text">Articles containing Hebrew-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_August_2014" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2014">Articles with unsourced statements from August 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2022" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2022">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_August_2010" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2010">Articles with unsourced statements from August 2010</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_February_2008" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2008">Articles with unsourced statements from February 2008</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_vague_or_ambiguous_time" title="Category:All articles with vague or ambiguous time">All articles with vague or ambiguous time</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vague_or_ambiguous_time_from_March_2024" title="Category:Vague or ambiguous time from March 2024">Vague or ambiguous time from March 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_March_2024" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from March 2024">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from March 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2010" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2010">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2010</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_accuracy_disputes" title="Category:All accuracy disputes">All accuracy disputes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_disputed_statements_from_January_2024" title="Category:Articles with disputed statements from January 2024">Articles with disputed statements from January 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Hebrew-language_sources_(he)" title="Category:CS1 Hebrew-language sources (he)">CS1 Hebrew-language sources (he)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_interwiki-linked_names" title="Category:CS1 interwiki-linked names">CS1 interwiki-linked names</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 25 October 2024, at 16:57<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ramallah&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-bcssj","wgBackendResponseTime":154,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.820","walltime":"2.183","ppvisitednodes":{"value":13389,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":282066,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":24401,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":29,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":26,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":341340,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1903.828 1 -total"," 27.59% 525.195 1 Template:Reflist"," 24.63% 468.898 1 Template:Infobox_settlement"," 22.26% 423.869 1 Template:Infobox"," 13.24% 252.153 45 Template:Cite_web"," 5.51% 104.835 2 Template:Lang"," 5.44% 103.574 2 Template:Navbox"," 5.26% 100.223 1 Template:Cities_in_the_West_Bank"," 4.67% 88.959 9 Template:Harvnb"," 4.59% 87.465 11 Template:Fix"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.042","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":21848002,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFBarron,_J.B.1923\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBen-Arieh1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFConderKitchener1883\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCoon1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDenise_O\u0026#039;Neal2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFinkelsteinLederman1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGovernment_of_Jordan,_Department_of_Statistics1964\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGovernment_of_Palestine,_Department_of_Statistics1945\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrant,_E.1926\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGuérin1875\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHadawi1970\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHartmann1883\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHütterothAbdulfattah1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIsraeli_Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJane_Waldron_Grutz1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKarin_Laub2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKelly2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeinWeizman2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLotto_Persio2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMills,_E.1932\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNakhleh1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPalmer1881\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPat_McDonnell_Twair2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPringle1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRey1883\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobinsonSmith1841\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSaid2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchick1896\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSocin1879\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhitaker2001\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 3,\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"As of\"] = 1,\n [\"Asof\"] = 1,\n [\"Audio\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Bare URL PDF\"] = 1,\n [\"Bare URL inline\"] = 2,\n [\"Br\"] = 1,\n [\"Capitals of Arab countries\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 6,\n [\"Cite American Heritage Dictionary\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 15,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 5,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 6,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 44,\n [\"Cities in the West Bank\"] = 1,\n [\"Clarify\"] = 1,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 5,\n [\"Coord\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col end\"] = 1,\n [\"Dubious\"] = 1,\n [\"Flagicon\"] = 9,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 9,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 2,\n [\"Infobox settlement\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 2,\n [\"Langx\"] = 1,\n [\"List of Asian capitals by region\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-extended\"] = 1,\n [\"Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Respell\"] = 2,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 25,\n [\"When\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikivoyage\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","360","28.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","200","15.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","160","12.7"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","80","6.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","60","4.8"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","40","3.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","40","3.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntityStatements","40","3.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","40","3.2"],["\u003Cmw.title.lua:224\u003E","40","3.2"],["[others]","200","15.9"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-cdrv5","timestamp":"20241130110426","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Ramallah","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ramallah","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q158119","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q158119","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-03-13T06:46:19Z","dateModified":"2024-10-25T16:57:32Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/31\/Mausol%C3%A9e_de_Yasser_Arafat.jpg","headline":"city in the State of Palestine"}</script> </body> </html>