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content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//eu.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartzidura"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Aldatu" href="/w/index.php?title=Hartzidura&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (eu)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//eu.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartzidura"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.eu"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom Jarioa" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:AzkenAldaketak&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Hartzidura rootpage-Hartzidura skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Edukira joan</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu nagusia" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu nagusia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu nagusia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Nabigazioa </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Azala" title="Azala bisitatu [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Azala</span></a></li><li id="n-Txikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Txikipedia:Azala"><span>Txikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Ikusgela" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Atari:Hezkuntza/Ikusgela"><span>Ikusgela</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Txokoa" title="Proiektuaren inguruan, zer egin dezakezu, non aurkitu nahi duzuna"><span>Txokoa</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:AzkenAldaketak" title="Wikiko azken aldaketen zerrenda. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Aldaketa berriak</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:Ausazkoa" title="Ausazko orrialde bat kargatu [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Ausazko orria</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" title="Aurkitzeko lekua."><span>Laguntza</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Azala" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Entziklopedia askea" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-eu.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:Bilatu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Bilatu</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" aria-label="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Berezi:Bilatu"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Bilatu</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itxura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itxura</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu" class=""><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Hartzidura" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea." class=""><span>Sortu kontua</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Hartzidura" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Hasi saioa</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Aukera gehiago" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresna pertsonalak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu"><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Hartzidura" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Sortu kontua</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Hartzidura" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Hasi saioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Izena eman gabeko erabiltzaileentzako orrialdeak <a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" aria-label="Artikuluak aldatzeari buruz gehiago ikasi"><span>gehiago ikasi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEkarpenak" title="IP helbide honetatik egindako aldaketen zerrenda [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Ekarpenak</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEztabaida" title="Zure IParen eztabaida [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Edukiak" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Motak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Motak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Motak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Motak azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Motak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hartzidura_laktikoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hartzidura_laktikoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Hartzidura laktikoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hartzidura_laktikoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hartzidura_alkoholikoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hartzidura_alkoholikoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Hartzidura alkoholikoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hartzidura_alkoholikoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hartzidura_azido-mistoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hartzidura_azido-mistoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Hartzidura azido-mistoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hartzidura_azido-mistoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hartzidura_butanodiolikoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hartzidura_butanodiolikoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Hartzidura butanodiolikoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hartzidura_butanodiolikoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hartzidura_butirikoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hartzidura_butirikoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Hartzidura butirikoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hartzidura_butirikoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hartzidura_propionikoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hartzidura_propionikoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Hartzidura propionikoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hartzidura_propionikoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Garrantzi_biologikoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Garrantzi_biologikoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Garrantzi biologikoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Garrantzi_biologikoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ezaugarri_biokimikoak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ezaugarri_biokimikoak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ezaugarri biokimikoak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ezaugarri_biokimikoak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Produktuak_eta_haien_erabilerak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Produktuak_eta_haien_erabilerak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Produktuak eta haien erabilerak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Produktuak_eta_haien_erabilerak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hartzidura</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 90 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-90" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">90 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentering" title="Fermentering – afrikaansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Fermentering" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation" title="Fermentation – Suitzako alemana" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Fermentation" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Suitzako alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AE%D9%85%D8%B1_(%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9)" title="تخمر (كيمياء حيوية) – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تخمر (كيمياء حيوية)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formentaci%C3%B3n" title="Formentación – asturiera" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Formentación" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentasiya" title="Fermentasiya – azerbaijanera" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fermentasiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permentasyon" title="Permentasyon – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Permentasyon" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Закісанне – bielorrusiera" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Закісанне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ферментация – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ферментация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8" title="গাঁজন – bengalera" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গাঁজন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentacija" title="Fermentacija – bosniera" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Fermentacija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentaci%C3%B3" title="Fermentació – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fermentació" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu%C3%A1k-g%C3%A1u" title="Huák-gáu – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Huák-gáu" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%95%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="گەنین – erdialdeko kurduera" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گەنین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="erdialdeko kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kva%C5%A1en%C3%AD" title="Kvašení – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kvašení" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eplesu" title="Eplesu – galesa" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Eplesu" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentering" title="Fermentering – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fermentering" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation" title="Fermentation – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fermentation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%96%CF%8D%CE%BC%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Ζύμωση – greziera" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ζύμωση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation" title="Fermentation – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Fermentation" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentado" title="Fermentado – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fermentado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentaci%C3%B3n" title="Fermentación – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fermentación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A4%C3%A4rimine" title="Käärimine – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Käärimine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AE%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="تخمیر – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تخمیر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A4yminen" title="Käyminen – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Käyminen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation" title="Fermentation – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fermentation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentazion" title="Fermentazion – friulera" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Fermentazion" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coipeadh" title="Coipeadh – irlandera" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Coipeadh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachadh" title="Brachadh – Eskoziako gaelikoa" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Brachadh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Eskoziako gaelikoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentaci%C3%B3n" title="Fermentación – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Fermentación" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%94" title="תסיסה – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תסיסה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8" title="किण्वन – hindia" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="किण्वन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrenje" title="Vrenje – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vrenje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erjed%C3%A9s" title="Erjedés – hungariera" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Erjedés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Խմորում – armeniera" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խմորում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentasi" title="Fermentasi – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Fermentasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentaco_(biokemio)" title="Fermentaco (biokemio) – idoa" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Fermentaco (biokemio)" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerjun" title="Gerjun – islandiera" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gerjun" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentazione" title="Fermentazione – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fermentazione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BA%E9%85%B5" title="発酵 – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="発酵" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferm%C3%A8ntasi" title="Fermèntasi – javera" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Fermèntasi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%88%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83" title="Ашыту – kazakhera" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ашыту" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%A8" title="ಕಿಣ್ವನ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಿಣ್ವನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%9C%ED%9A%A8" title="발효 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="발효" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gen%C3%AEn" title="Genîn – kurduera" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Genîn" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%87%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83%D1%83" title="Ачытуу – kirgizera" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ачытуу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burveda" title="Burveda – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Burveda" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentacija" title="Fermentacija – lituaniera" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Fermentacija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C5%ABg%C5%A1ana" title="Rūgšana – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rūgšana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Ферментација – mazedoniera" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ферментација" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="mazedoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="കിണ്വനം – malabarera" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കിണ്വനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penapaian_(biokimia)" title="Penapaian (biokimia) – malaysiera" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Penapaian (biokimia)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaysiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%85%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%96%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ကစော်ဖောက်ခြင်း – birmaniera" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကစော်ဖောက်ခြင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentatie" title="Fermentatie – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fermentatie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentering" title="Fermentering – nynorsk (norvegiera)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fermentering" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentering" title="Fermentering – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fermentering" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A8" title="ਫਰਮੈਂਟੇਸ਼ਨ – punjabera" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਫਰਮੈਂਟੇਸ਼ਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentacja" title="Fermentacja – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fermentacja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9_beuje" title="Fé beuje – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Fé beuje" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%87_%DA%A9%DB%90%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%87_(%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%DA%A9%DB%90%D8%AF%D9%84)" title="خميره کېدنه (موره کېدل) – paxtunera" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="خميره کېدنه (موره کېدل)" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paxtunera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermenta%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Fermentação – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fermentação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%27uchquy" title="P'uchquy – kitxua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="P'uchquy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kitxua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermenta%C8%9Bie" title="Fermentație – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Fermentație" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu onak"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Брожение – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Брожение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8C%D2%AF%D2%AF" title="Көөнньүү – sakhera" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Көөнньүү" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firmintazzioni" title="Firmintazzioni – siziliera" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Firmintazzioni" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siziliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentacija" title="Fermentacija – serbokroaziera" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Fermentacija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation" title="Fermentation – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Fermentation" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvasenie" title="Kvasenie – eslovakiera" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kvasenie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovakiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentacija" title="Fermentacija – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Fermentacija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khamiir" title="Khamiir – somaliera" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Khamiir" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentimi" title="Fermentimi – albaniera" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Fermentimi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Ферментација (биохемија) – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ферментација (биохемија)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9rm%C3%A9ntasi" title="Férméntasi – sundanera" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Férméntasi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A4sning" title="Jäsning – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jäsning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation" title="Fermentation – swahilia" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Fermentation" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerowanie" title="Gerowanie – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Gerowanie" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="நொதிப்பு – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நொதிப்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81_(%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5)" title="การหมัก (ชีวเคมี) – thailandiera" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การหมัก (ชีวเคมี)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagbuburo" title="Pagbuburo – tagaloa" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pagbuburo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermantasyon" title="Fermantasyon – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fermantasyon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Ферментація – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ферментація" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84_%D8%AA%D8%AE%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="عمل تخمیر – urdua" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عمل تخمیر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijg%CA%BBish" title="Bijgʻish – uzbekera" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bijgʻish" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentasion" title="Fermentasion – veneziera" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Fermentasion" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AAn_men" title="Lên men – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lên men" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentasyon" title="Fermentasyon – warayera" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Fermentasyon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warayera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E9%85%B5" title="发酵 – wu txinera" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="发酵" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E9%85%B5" title="发酵 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="发酵" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoat-k%C3%A0%E2%81%BF" title="Hoat-kàⁿ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hoat-kàⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E9%85%B5" title="發酵 – kantonera" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="發酵" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q41760#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Aldatu hizkuntzen arteko loturak" 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dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Zientzia_Astea-_Hartzidura_alkoholikoa.webm/220px--Zientzia_Astea-_Hartzidura_alkoholikoa.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="60" data-mwtitle="Zientzia_Astea-_Hartzidura_alkoholikoa.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Fitxategi:Zientzia_Astea-_Hartzidura_alkoholikoa.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/Zientzia_Astea-_Hartzidura_alkoholikoa.webm/Zientzia_Astea-_Hartzidura_alkoholikoa.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/Zientzia_Astea-_Hartzidura_alkoholikoa.webm/Zientzia_Astea-_Hartzidura_alkoholikoa.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/Zientzia_Astea-_Hartzidura_alkoholikoa.webm/Zientzia_Astea-_Hartzidura_alkoholikoa.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Zientzia_Astea-_Hartzidura_alkoholikoa.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/Zientzia_Astea-_Hartzidura_alkoholikoa.webm/Zientzia_Astea-_Hartzidura_alkoholikoa.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/Zientzia_Astea-_Hartzidura_alkoholikoa.webm/Zientzia_Astea-_Hartzidura_alkoholikoa.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/Zientzia_Astea-_Hartzidura_alkoholikoa.webm/Zientzia_Astea-_Hartzidura_alkoholikoa.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Hartzidura alkoholikoa</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Hartzidura</b> <a href="/wiki/Metabolismo" title="Metabolismo">prozesu metaboliko</a> mota bat da, zeinean <a href="/wiki/Molekula_organiko" class="mw-redirect" title="Molekula organiko">molekula organikoak</a> degradatzen diren energia kimikoa lortzeko; hau da, prozesu <a href="/wiki/Katabolismo" title="Katabolismo">kataboliko</a> bat da. Hartzitzen diren molekula organiko horiek, eskuarki, <a href="/wiki/Gluzido" class="mw-redirect" title="Gluzido">gluzidoak</a> edo <a href="/wiki/Proteina" title="Proteina">proteinak</a> izaten dira, eta degradazioa oxigeno-gabezian gertatzen da beti. Hartzidura egiten duten organismo ohikoenak <a href="/wiki/Bakterio" title="Bakterio">bakterioak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Legamia" title="Legamia">legamiak</a> dira; hala ere, <a href="/wiki/Animalia_zelula" class="mw-redirect" title="Animalia zelula">animalia-zelula</a> batzuek ere egin dezakete: <a href="/wiki/Hartzidura_laktiko" title="Hartzidura laktiko">hartzidura laktikoa</a>, esaterako (gihar-zelulek egin dezaketeena) <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Motak">Motak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hartzidura&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Motak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hartzidura&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Motak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hainbat hartzidura mota daude: laktikoa, alkoholikoa, azido-mistoa, butanodiolikoa, butirikoa eta propionikoa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hartzidura_laktikoa">Hartzidura laktikoa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hartzidura&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Hartzidura laktikoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hartzidura&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Hartzidura laktikoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Hartzidura_laktiko" title="Hartzidura laktiko">Hartzidura laktiko</a>»</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Lactic_acid_fermentation.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Lactic_acid_fermentation.png/220px-Lactic_acid_fermentation.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Lactic_acid_fermentation.png/330px-Lactic_acid_fermentation.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Lactic_acid_fermentation.png/440px-Lactic_acid_fermentation.png 2x" data-file-width="819" data-file-height="460" /></a><figcaption>Hartzidura homolaktikoaren eskema biokimikoa.</figcaption></figure> <p>Hartzidura mota bat da zeinetan <a href="/wiki/Bakterio" title="Bakterio">bakterio</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Onddo" title="Onddo">onddo</a> batzuek (legamiak) glukosa erabiltzen duten <a href="/wiki/Substratu" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Substratu">substratu</a> modura, azido laktikoa eta beste konposatu batzuk sortzeko. Hartzidura laktikoaren barruan bi mota bereiz daitezke: homolaktikoa, azido laktikoa denean produktu bakarra, eta heterolaktikoa, azido laktikoaz gain, beste produktu batzuk ere ekoizten direnean. Hartzidura laktikoa egiten duten bakterio batzuk <i><a href="/wiki/Bifidobacterium" title="Bifidobacterium">Bifidobacterium</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Lactobacillus" title="Lactobacillus">Lactobacillus</a></i> eta <i><a href="/wiki/Streptococcus" title="Streptococcus">Streptococcus</a></i> generoetakoak dira. </p><p>Hartzidura homolaktikoan, glukosa molekula pirubatora eraldatzen da (glikolisi anaerobikoa), eta bi molekula azido laktiko sortzen ditu laktato deshidrogenasa <a href="/wiki/Entzima" title="Entzima">entzima</a>z baliatuz: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {C6H12O6->2CH3CHOHCOOH}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>C</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>12</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>CH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>CHOHCOOH</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {C6H12O6->2CH3CHOHCOOH}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3138d855378f0c0352cd4fece84b5ba8f8062e68" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:34.345ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {C6H12O6->2CH3CHOHCOOH}}}"></span> </p><p>Hartzidura heterolaktikoan, aldiz, pirubato molekula erabiltzen da, eta azido laktikoa, etanola eta karbono dioxidoa lortzen dira, laktato deshidrogenasa eta pirubato deskarboxilasa entzimek katalizatuta. </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {C6H12O6-> CH3CHOHCOOH + C2H5OH + CO2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>C</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>12</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>CH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>CHOHCOOH</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>C</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>OH</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {C6H12O6-> CH3CHOHCOOH + C2H5OH + CO2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1c10636bebd77739942bbf96d01157a4981af2cc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:52.097ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {C6H12O6-> CH3CHOHCOOH + C2H5OH + CO2}}}"></span> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Fermentacion-alcoholica.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Fermentacion-alcoholica.png/220px-Fermentacion-alcoholica.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Fermentacion-alcoholica.png/330px-Fermentacion-alcoholica.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Fermentacion-alcoholica.png/440px-Fermentacion-alcoholica.png 2x" data-file-width="554" data-file-height="459" /></a><figcaption>Hartzidura alkoholikoaren eskema biokimikoa.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hartzidura_alkoholikoa">Hartzidura alkoholikoa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hartzidura&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Hartzidura alkoholikoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hartzidura&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Hartzidura alkoholikoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Hartzidura_alkoholiko" title="Hartzidura alkoholiko">Hartzidura alkoholiko</a>»</div> <p>Hartzidura alkoholikoari etanolaren hartzidura ere esaten zaio. Prozesu honetan, gluzido bat, adibidez, glukosa edo fruktosa, degradatzen da energia lortzeko. Degradazio horren azken produktu gisa etanol eta <a href="/wiki/Karbono_dioxidoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Karbono dioxidoa">karbono dioxidoa</a> lortzen dira. </p><p>Hartzidura alkoholikoaren formula orokorra honakoa da: </p><p><br /> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {C6H12O6-> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>C</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>12</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>C</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>OH</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {C6H12O6-> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/10391a36810f20c44605c0ed6c868b8b95ecebe6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:33.871ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {C6H12O6-> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2}}}"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hartzidura_azido-mistoa">Hartzidura azido-mistoa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hartzidura&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Hartzidura azido-mistoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hartzidura&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Hartzidura azido-mistoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Hartzidura_azido-misto" title="Hartzidura azido-misto">hartzidura azido-misto</a>»</div> <p>Hartzidura azido-mistoa, <a href="/wiki/Glukosa" title="Glukosa">glukosatik</a> (substratua) <a href="/wiki/Azido_pirubiko" title="Azido pirubiko">azido pirubikoa</a> sortzen da, eta horretatik, hainbat azido: azido laktikoa, azetatoa, sukzinatoa, eta formatoa. Etanola (<a href="/wiki/Azetil-CoA" title="Azetil-CoA">Azetil-KoA</a> tik eratorria) eta kantitate berberean karbono dioxidoa eta hidrogenoa (formatotik) ere hartzidura honen produktuak dira. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hartzidura_butanodiolikoa">Hartzidura butanodiolikoa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hartzidura&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Hartzidura butanodiolikoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hartzidura&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Hartzidura butanodiolikoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hartzidura butanodiolikoa, animalien eta gizakion hesteetan dauden bakterioek egiten dute, baita ur-sistemetan bizi direnek ere. Butanodiola da azken ekoizkina eta kasu honetan, ez da ATPrik ekoizten. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hartzidura_butirikoa">Hartzidura butirikoa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hartzidura&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Hartzidura butirikoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hartzidura&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Hartzidura butirikoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Hartzidura_butiriko" title="Hartzidura butiriko">Hartzidura butiriko</a>»</div> <p>Hartzidura butirikoa garrantzi handikoa da lurrean dauden landare-hondakinak deskonposatzen dituelako. Oso usain txarra eragiten du hartzidura butirikoak . Almidoitik eta zelulosatik abiatuta, azido butirikoa (CH<sub>3</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-COOH) sortzen duten bakterioek egiten dute. <i><a href="/wiki/Clostridium" title="Clostridium">Clostridium</a> butyricum</i> eta <i><a href="/wiki/Bacillus" title="Bacillus">Bacillus</a> amilobacter</i> espezieko bakterioek egiten dute ingurune anaerobioan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hartzidura_propionikoa">Hartzidura propionikoa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hartzidura&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Hartzidura propionikoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hartzidura&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Hartzidura propionikoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hartzidura propionikoan, bi bide nagusi daude: akrilatoaren bidea eta sukzinato-propionatoaren bidea,eta mikroorganismo batzuek horietako bat eta beste batzuek bestea egiten dute. Ingurune anaerobikoetan, belarjaleen errumenean eta gizakiaren azalean aurkitzen dira. Erabilera interesgarri bat dute: hauen hartzidura bidez gazta suitzarra lor daiteke. Gazta horrek dituen zuloak hartzidura propionikoan askatzen diren gasen ondorioz eratzen dira, batez ere, H2-aren ondorioz. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hartzidura&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Historia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hartzidura&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Historia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nahiz eta prozesu biokimikoa ondo ez ezagutu, aspalditik erabili izan da hartzitura hainbat produkturen ekoizpenerako: <a href="/wiki/Garagardo" title="Garagardo">garagardoa</a> (K.a 2440), <a href="/wiki/Ogi" title="Ogi">ogia</a> (K.a 4000), <a href="/wiki/Gazta" title="Gazta">gazta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ardo" title="Ardo">ardoa</a>... </p><p>Historian zehar hainbat modutara definitu da hartzidura. Hartzidura definitu zuen lehenengoa <a href="/wiki/Pasteur" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasteur">Pasteur</a> izan zen. Pasteurrek hartzidura airerik gabeko bizitza bezala definitu zuen, baina printzipioz definizio hori ez da egokia. Horregatik, beste esanahi batzuk eman zaizkio hartzidurari; batzuen aburuz, definizio egokia hau da: metabolismoan mikroorganismoek egindako substantzia organikoen degradazioa, <a href="/wiki/Energia_kimiko" class="mw-redirect" title="Energia kimiko">energia kimikoa</a> sortzeko <a href="/wiki/Oxigeno" title="Oxigeno">oxigeno</a> molekularra behar ez duten <a href="/wiki/Erreakzio_kimiko" title="Erreakzio kimiko">erreakzioen</a> bidez. Beste batzuen iritziz, aldiz, bide metaboliko bat da, zeinean sorturiko erredukzio-ahalmena berroxidatzen den metabolismoan sorturiko beste konposatu bat <a href="/wiki/Erredukzio" class="mw-redirect" title="Erredukzio">erreduzi</a>tuz.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Garrantzi_biologikoa">Garrantzi biologikoa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hartzidura&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Garrantzi biologikoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hartzidura&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Garrantzi biologikoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hartzidura, bide metabolikorik zaharrentzat kontsideratzen da; izan ere, atmosferan oxigenorik ez zegoenean ere gertatzen zen hartzidura. Horrez gain, hartzidura mota batetik lorturiko produktuak inguruan dauden mikroorganismoentzat baliagarriak izan daitezke. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ezaugarri_biokimikoak">Ezaugarri biokimikoak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hartzidura&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ezaugarri biokimikoak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hartzidura&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Ezaugarri biokimikoak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hartzidura inguru anaerobikoan gertatzen da. Izan ere, oxigenoaren presentzian, arnasketa aerobikoa eginez NADH eta pirubato molekulak, <a href="/wiki/Adenosina_trifosfato" title="Adenosina trifosfato">ATP</a> sortzeko erabiltzen dira. Arnasketa aerobikoari <a href="/wiki/Fosforilazio_oxidatibo" title="Fosforilazio oxidatibo">fosforilazio oxidatiboa</a> deritzo eta, errentagarriagoa da, ATP gehiago sortzen dituelako. </p><p>Horregatik oxigenoaren presentzian ez da hartzidura egiten. </p><p>Hartziduran, energia altuko NADH molekula erreduzituak molekula elektroi-hartzaile organiko endogeno batekin erreakzionatzen du. Normalean <a href="/wiki/Glikolisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Glikolisi">glikolisitik</a> sortutako pirubatoa da molekula hori. Erreakzio horrek NAD+ eta produktu organikoak sortzen ditu (<a href="/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol">etanola</a>, azido laktikoa, karbono dioxidoa eta hidrogeno gasa). Hala ere, beste produktu batzuk ere sor daitezke hartziduran; hala nola, azido butirikoa eta <a href="/wiki/Azetona" title="Azetona">azetona</a>. Sortzen diren produktuek energia kimikoa dute, ez daudelako guztiz oxidatuta baina zabor-produktutzat hartzen dira, ezin direlako oxigenorik gabe guztiz metabolizatu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Produktuak_eta_haien_erabilerak">Produktuak eta haien erabilerak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hartzidura&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Produktuak eta haien erabilerak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hartzidura&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Produktuak eta haien erabilerak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Legamiek egiten duten hartzidura alkoholikoaren bidez, hainbat edari alkoholiko lor daitezke <a href="/wiki/Garagardo" title="Garagardo">garagardoa</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Ardo" title="Ardo">ardoa</a> adibidez. . </p><p>Bestalde, hartzidura laktikoaren bidez, beste motatako produktuak eskura daitezke, hala nola, <a href="/wiki/Gazta" title="Gazta">gazta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jogurt" title="Jogurt">jogurta</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Kefir" title="Kefir">Kefir</a> moduko jakiak. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hartzidura&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hartzidura&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFT.[2007]">T., Madigan, Michael.  ([2007]). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/863179083"><i>Brock : mikroorganismoen biologia. </i></a> Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Argitalpen Zerbitzua <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/9788498600261" title="Berezi:BookSources/9788498600261">9788498600261</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=863179083">863179083</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2018-10-26)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREF1936-">1936-, White, David,. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/871686807"><i>The physiology and biochemistry of prokaryotes. </i></a> (Fourth edition. argitaraldia) <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/9781628701579" title="Berezi:BookSources/9781628701579">9781628701579</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=871686807">871686807</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2018-10-26)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hartzidura&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kanpo estekak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hartzidura&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Kanpo estekak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="clear:both;"></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7786466">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control{margin-top:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control,.mw-parser-output .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="mw-authority-control"><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9236167">.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Autoritate_kontrola" style="width: inherit;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Autoritate_kontrola" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Autoritate_kontrola" title="Laguntza:Autoritate kontrola">Autoritate kontrola</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Wikimedia proiektuak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41760" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q41760">Q41760</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fermentation">Fermentation</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q41760%22">Q41760</a></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX525559">XX525559</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119679279">119679279</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119679279">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4129537-7">4129537-7</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85047829">sh85047829</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00562847">00562847</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph135618">ph135618</a></span></li> <li><b>Hiztegiak eta entziklopediak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/fermentation">url</a></span></li> <li><b>Medikuntzako identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D005285">D005285</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41760" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q41760">Q41760</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fermentation">Fermentation</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q41760%22">Q41760</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></div>    </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget \"ErrefAurrebista\" was not loaded. 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