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States pushing abortion bans have higher infant mortality rates
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content="809948162383434"/><meta property="fb:pages" content="864302923644949"/><meta property="fb:pages" content="868876563129583"/><meta property="fb:pages" content="1508175089456029"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="NBC News"/><meta property="og:locale" content="en_US"/><meta name="twitter:site" content="@NBCNews"/><meta name="twitter:creator" content="NBCNews"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, user-scalable=yes"/><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":{"@vocab":"http://schema.org","articleId":{"@id":"Text","@type":"@id"},"topics":{"@id":"Text","@type":"@id"}},"@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"States pushing abortion bans have higher infant mortality rates","url":"https://www.nbcnews.com/health/womens-health/states-pushing-abortion-bans-have-higher-infant-mortality-rates-n1008481","thumbnailUrl":"https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_social_share_1024x768_scale,f_auto,q_auto:best/newscms/2019_21/2865866/190521-pro-abortion-rights-rally-ac-1046p.jpg","alternativeHeadline":"States pushing abortion bans have higher infant mortality rates","articleBody":"Georgia, Ohio, Missouri, Louisiana, Alabama and Mississippi have in recent weeks passed some of the most restrictive abortion policies in the nation. But they have other things in common, too. Four of those states have also declined to expand Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act, leaving a large number of pregnant women without health care. The most startling similarity shared by all six states, however, is this: They all tend to have the highest rates of infant mortality in the nation. \"If the mother isn’t healthy, it’s unlikely the baby will be healthy,\" said Dr. Laura Riley, chair of obstetrics and gynecology at Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork-Presbyterian. On Friday, Missouri's governor signed a bill into law that would ban ending a pregnancy after about eight weeks gestation. Georgia, Ohio and Mississippi have also passed so-called \"heartbeat\" laws prohibiting abortions after about six weeks gestation, before many women know they’re pregnant. A similar bill is making its way through the Louisiana Legislature, and that state’s governor has indicated he will sign it into law. Alabama recently passed the most stringent law, banning almost all abortions at any time of gestation, except when a mother’s life is in jeopardy. The intent for many anti-abortion efforts in these states is to overturn Roe v. Wade, the landmark 1973 U.S. Supreme Court decision that legalized abortion. “We’re seeing these bans in states where already there are harsh barriers to reproductive health care, and where we know they have negative health care outcomes,” said Jacqueline Ayers, vice president of government relations and public policy at the Planned Parenthood Action Fund. On Friday, Planned Parenthood and the American Civil Liberties Union announced they filed a federal lawsuit over Alabama's ban. In fact, babies carried to term are dying in those states more frequently than in many others. The average national infant mortality rate in 2017 was 5.8 per 1,000 live births, according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Missouri's was higher at 6.2 infant deaths per 1,000 live births. Louisiana’s was at 7.1 infant deaths per 1,000 live births. Georgia and Ohio’s rates were at 7.2 deaths per 1,000 live births, and Alabama’s reached 7.4 deaths per 1,000 births. But Mississippi had the highest infant mortality rate in the nation — at 8.6 deaths per 1,000 live births. In addition, Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi and Missouri did not expand Medicaid under the ACA, creating gaps in health care coverage for women of childbearing age, according to a new study from Georgetown University that examined links between Medicaid expansion and insurance. \"The uninsured rate for women of childbearing age is nearly twice as high in states that have not expanded Medicaid,\" said Adam Searing, a research professor at the Georgetown University Center for Children and Families. \"That means a lot more women who don’t have health coverage before they get pregnant or after they have their children.\" \"If states would expand Medicaid coverage, they would improve the health of mothers and babies and save lives,\" he said. Dr. Sarah Horvath of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists agrees. \"Comprehensive medical care gives women an awareness of healthy lifestyles before pregnancy,\" Horvath told NBC News. The connection between high infant mortality and severe restrictions on abortion are correlational, meaning a ban on abortions can't be proven to cause maternal or infant mortality or other negative health problems. But the leading causes of newborn death — which include preterm birth, birth defects and other pregnancy complications — are closely connected to a pregnant woman's access to prenatal health care. In fact, the March of Dimes gave Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama all failing grades in its 2018 Premature Birth Report Cards. Georgia received a “D.” High maternal mortality rates The same states also have high rates of mothers dying during labor and after childbirth. About 700 women die from pregnancy-related causes every year and more than half of those deaths are preventable, according to a recent CDC report on maternal mortality. Particularly striking is the rate of pregnant women and new mothers dying in Georgia. That state ranked 48th out of 50 in a measure of maternal mortality in the 2018 America’s Health Rankings from the United Health Foundation, with 46.2 deaths per 100,000 live births. Mississippi and Alabama’s rankings were better: at 32nd and 7th, respectively. But Missouri and Louisiana joined Georgia near the bottom. Missouri ranked 42nd out of 50, and Louisiana was just above Georgia in the Health Rankings for maternal mortality, at 47th out of 50, with 44.8 deaths per 100,000 live births. “You see areas of the country where access to a broad range of health care is either lacking or where great disparities exist,” said Megan Donovan, a senior policy manager at the Guttmacher Institute, a group that studies reproductive rights. The March of Dimes report found that in Mississippi, the preterm birth rate among African American women is 44 percent higher than the rate of all other women. In Georgia, the rate is 46 percent higher than women of other races. And in both Alabama and Louisiana, the preterm birth rate among black women is 51 percent higher. The reasons for the disparities are complex. \"There appears to be an influence of unconscious bias and racism. It may be that years of racism and classism adversely affects one’s health and one’s ability to accept health care,\" Riley said. A 2017 report from the Center for Reproductive Rights and Ibis Reproductive Health found that the more abortion constraints a state passed — such as mandatory waiting periods, counseling, gestation age limits and restrictions on abortion health care coverage — the fewer evidence-based supportive policies it had for women and children. According to the report, that includes expanding Medicaid, family and medical leave, as well as mandatory sex education. On the other side, states actively passing protections for abortion and women’s reproductive rights also have some of the lowest rates of infant mortality in the country, Donovan said. Lawmakers in Vermont recently passed a measure that would ban that state’s government from interfering in reproductive and abortion rights. And it looks as if it will become law. Vermont Gov. Phil Scott, a Republican, said he had ruled out vetoing the bill. Vermont’s infant mortality rate is low, at 4.8 deaths per 1,000 live births, according to the CDC. The data show New York’s infant mortality rate is even lower, at 4.6 deaths per 1,000 live births. That state passed the Reproductive Health Act earlier this year, which includes a provision permitting late-term abortions when a woman’s health is in danger. In Massachusetts, the infant mortality rate is 3.7 per 1,000 live births. That state’s Legislature is considering a bill that would expand abortion access by removing the requirement for minors to get parental consent, and allow abortions later in a pregnancy under certain conditions. “It remains to be seen what will be successful where, but there are advocates and policymakers and states in a position to do positive things to expand and protect access,” Donovan said. “This will be all the more important as other states go in the opposite direction.”","dateModified":"2019-05-24T10:10:00.000Z","datePublished":"2019-05-24T10:10:00.000Z","articleSection":"health","articleId":"ncna1008481","identifier":{"@type":"PropertyValue","propertyID":"uid","value":"ncna1008481"},"topics":"","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_fit-1500w,f_auto,q_auto:best/newscms/2019_21/2865866/190521-pro-abortion-rights-rally-ac-1046p.jpg","caption":"Pro=abortion rights campaigners attend a rally against new restrictions on abortion passed by legislatures in eight states including Alabama and Georgia, in New York City on May 21, 2019."},"author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org/","@type":"Person","name":"Erika Edwards","image":"https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_fit-1500w,f_auto,q_auto:best/newscms/2019_28/2925941/190612-erika-edwards-byline-30101.jpg","jobTitle":null,"description":"Erika Edwards is a health and medical news writer and reporter for NBC News and \"TODAY.\"","url":"https://www.nbcnews.com/author/erika-edwards-ncpn56261","sameAs":["https://x.com/erikaedwardsNBC"]}],"publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","name":"NBC News","masthead":"https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/nbc-news-digital-editors-n893846","url":"https://www.nbcnews.com","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/h_60/v1696280688/newsgroup-logos/nbcnews/logo/primary-black-424x45.png"},"sameAs":["https://x.com/nbcnews","https://www.pinterest.com/nbcnews/","https://www.facebook.com/NBCNews/","https://www.instagram.com/nbcnews/","https://www.youtube.com/nbcnews","https://www.snapchat.com/p/8bb879c7-45c0-499c-bb3c-7a3d0e229301/2193844248074240","https://www.tiktok.com/@nbcnews?lang=en"]},"description":"States such as Alabama, Georgia and Mississippi pushing for strict bans on abortion also tend to have high rates of infant and maternal mortality. 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class="styles_article__Ee5Ad article"><section class="article-hero__container default" data-testid="article-hero"><div class="article-hero__bg-container"><div class="article-hero__divider"></div><header class="article-hero__header mh0-print layout-grid-container"><aside class="article-hero__unibrow-grid layout-grid-item grid-col-2-l"><div data-testid="unibrow-container" class="unibrow articleTitleSection article-hero__tax-term"><a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/health/womens-health"><span data-testid="unibrow-text">Women's Health</span></a></div></aside><div class="article-hero-headline layout-grid-item grid-col-10-l"><h1 class="article-hero-headline__htag lh-none-print black-print">States pushing abortion bans have higher infant mortality rates</h1><div class="styles_articleDek__Icz5H styles_withImage__SSIip" data-testid="article-dek">A growing number of states have been passing highly restrictive abortion legislation aimed at overturning Roe V. Wade.</div></div></header></div><div class="article-hero__media-holder layout-grid-container"><div class="article-hero__media-container layout-grid-item grid-col-10-xl grid-col-push-2-xl"><figure class="article-hero__main"><picture class="article-hero__main-image" data-testid="picture"><source media="(min-width: 1000px)" srcSet="https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_fit-1000w,f_auto,q_auto:best/newscms/2019_21/2857641/190514-alabama-abortion-vote-ac-1020p.jpg"/><source media="(min-width: 758px)" srcSet="https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_fit-760w,f_auto,q_auto:best/newscms/2019_21/2857641/190514-alabama-abortion-vote-ac-1020p.jpg"/><source media="(min-width: 320px)" srcSet="https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_fit-560w,f_auto,q_auto:best/newscms/2019_21/2857641/190514-alabama-abortion-vote-ac-1020p.jpg"/><img src="https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_fit-560w,f_auto,q_auto:best/newscms/2019_21/2857641/190514-alabama-abortion-vote-ac-1020p.jpg" alt="Image: Pro-choice supporters protest in front of the Alabama State House as Alabama state Senate votes on the strictest anti-abortion bill in the United States at the Alabama Legislature in Montgomery" height="1667" width="2500"/></picture></figure></div><figcaption class="caption article-hero__caption layout-grid-item grid-col-10-xl grid-col-push-2-xl" data-testid="caption"><span class="caption__container" data-testid="caption__container">Gov. Kay Ivey of Alabama, which approved the strictest anti-abortion bill in the U.S., said the legislation proves the state values the "sanctity of life." Alabama also has one of the highest infant mortality rates in the country, according to the CDC. </span><span class="caption__source" data-testid="caption__source">Christopher Aluka Berry / Reuters</span></figcaption></div></section><div class="article-body" data-activity-map="article-article-body" data-taboola-target="read-more" data-testid="article-body"><div class="article-body__grid--container"><div class="ad dn-print" data-testid="ad__container"><div data-mps="true" data-slot="interstitial" data-sizes="[[[0,0],[[4,4]]]]" data-refresh-interval="0" data-render-on-view="true" data-targeting="{}" data-active-tab="true" data-testid="ad__container__inner"></div></div><div class="article-body__section"><div class="article-body layout-grid-item layout-grid-item--with-gutter-s-only grid-col-10-m grid-col-push-1-m grid-col-6-xl grid-col-push-2-xl article-body--custom-column"></div></div><div class="article-body__section layout-grid-container article-body__last-section article-body__first-section"><div class="article-body layout-grid-item layout-grid-item--with-gutter-s-only grid-col-10-m grid-col-push-1-m grid-col-6-xl grid-col-push-2-xl article-body--custom-column"><section class="mb7"><div class="article-social-share-top" data-testid="article-body-social-share-menu"><ul class="styles_container__ZKkl3 social-share-menu__container" data-activity-map="social-share-links-article-top" data-testid="social-share-menu"><li data-testid="social-share-facebook" class="styles_item__b5A78 styles_facebook__bOW_X"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.nbcnews.com/health/womens-health/states-pushing-abortion-bans-have-higher-infant-mortality-rates-n1008481&cid=article_social_share_facebook" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" aria-label="Share on Facebook" class="styles_link__RsJVU"><span class="icon icon-share-facebook" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li data-testid="social-share-twitter" class="styles_item__b5A78 styles_twitter__ww7sF"><a href="https://www.twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Infants%20die%20at%20higher%20rates%20in%20states%20banning%20abortion&via=nbcnews&url=https://www.nbcnews.com/health/womens-health/states-pushing-abortion-bans-have-higher-infant-mortality-rates-n1008481&original_referer=https://www.nbcnews.com/health/womens-health/states-pushing-abortion-bans-have-higher-infant-mortality-rates-n1008481&cid=article_social_share_twitter" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" aria-label="Share on X" class="styles_link__RsJVU"><span class="icon icon-twitter" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li data-testid="social-share-email" class="styles_item__b5A78"><a href="mailto:?subject=Infants die at higher rates in states banning abortion&body=https://www.nbcnews.com/health/womens-health/states-pushing-abortion-bans-have-higher-infant-mortality-rates-n1008481" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" aria-label="Share using email" class="styles_link__RsJVU"><span class="icon icon-share-email" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li data-testid="social-share-copy" class="dn db-m styles_item__b5A78 styles_copy__RACZ3"><button type="button" class="styles_button__b3sx_" aria-label="Copy link"><span class="icon icon-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></button><div class="styles_copyTooltip__Ut_t1"><span class="icon icon-alt-check"></span></div></li><li data-testid="social-share-sms" class="styles_item__b5A78 styles_sms__Vohh6"><a href="sms:?&body=Infants die at higher rates in states banning abortion via nbcnews - https://www.nbcnews.com/health/womens-health/states-pushing-abortion-bans-have-higher-infant-mortality-rates-n1008481" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" aria-label="Share on SMS" class="styles_link__RsJVU"><span class="icon icon-sms" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li data-testid="social-share-save" class="styles_save__ILVuj"></li></ul></div><div class="article-body__date-source" data-testid="article-body-timestamp"><time class="relative z-1" dateTime="2019-05-24T10:10:00.000Z" data-testid="timestamp__datePublished" content="2019-05-24T10:10:00.000Z">May 24, 2019, 10:10 AM UTC</time></div><div class="article-body__byline"><div class="article-inline-byline" data-activity-map="inline-byline-article-top">By <span class="byline-name" data-testid="byline-name"><a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/author/erika-edwards-ncpn56261">Erika Edwards</a></span></div></div></section><div class="article-body__content"><p class="">Georgia, Ohio, Missouri, Louisiana, Alabama and Mississippi have in recent weeks passed some of the most restrictive abortion policies in the nation. But they have other things in common, too.</p><p class="">Four of those states have also declined to expand Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act, leaving a large number of pregnant women without health care.</p><div class="ad ad--text-alignment ad-container boxinlineAd dn-print" data-testid="ad__container"><div data-mps="true" data-slot="boxinline" data-sizes="[[[1000,1],[]],[[758,1],[[300,250],[700,50],[5,5],[728,90],[360,360]]],[[0,0],[[300,250],[700,50],[5,5],[360,360]]]]" data-render-on-view="true" data-targeting="{}" data-active-tab="true" data-offset-viewport="100" data-testid="ad__container__inner"></div></div><div id="taboolaReadMoreBelow"></div><p class="">The most startling similarity shared by all six states, however, is this: They all tend to have the highest rates of infant mortality in the nation.</p><p class="">"If the mother isn’t healthy, it’s unlikely the baby will be healthy," said Dr. Laura Riley, chair of obstetrics and gynecology at Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork-Presbyterian.</p><p class="">On Friday, Missouri's governor signed a bill into law that would ban ending a pregnancy after about eight weeks gestation. Georgia, Ohio and Mississippi have also passed so-called "heartbeat" laws prohibiting abortions after about six weeks gestation, before many women know they’re pregnant. A similar bill is making its way through the Louisiana Legislature, and that state’s governor has indicated he will sign it into law. <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2020-election/alabama-governor-signs-controversial-abortion-ban-bill-law-n1006211" target="_blank">Alabama recently passed</a> the most stringent law, banning almost all abortions at any time of gestation, except when a mother’s life is in jeopardy.</p><p class="">The intent for many anti-abortion efforts in these states is to overturn Roe v. Wade, the landmark 1973 U.S. Supreme Court decision that legalized abortion.</p><p class="">“We’re seeing these bans in states where already there are harsh barriers to reproductive health care, and where we know they have negative health care outcomes,” said Jacqueline Ayers, vice president of government relations and public policy at the Planned Parenthood Action Fund. On Friday, Planned Parenthood and the American Civil Liberties Union announced they filed a <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/planned-parenthood-aclu-sue-over-alabama-s-extreme-abortion-ban-n1009651" target="_blank">federal lawsuit </a>over Alabama's ban.</p><div class="ad ad--text-alignment ad-container boxinlineAd dn-print" data-testid="ad__container"><div data-mps="true" data-slot="boxinline" data-sizes="[[[1000,1],[]],[[758,1],[[300,250],[700,50],[5,5],[728,90],[360,360]]],[[0,0],[[300,250],[700,50],[5,5],[360,360]]]]" data-render-on-view="true" data-targeting="{}" data-active-tab="true" data-offset-viewport="100" data-testid="ad__container__inner"></div></div><p class="">In fact, babies carried to term are dying in those states more frequently than in many others.</p><p class="">The average <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/sosmap/infant_mortality_rates/infant_mortality.htm" target="_blank">national infant mortality rate</a> in 2017 was 5.8 per 1,000 live births, according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Missouri's was higher at 6.2 infant deaths per 1,000 live births. Louisiana’s was at 7.1 infant deaths per 1,000 live births. Georgia and Ohio’s rates were at 7.2 deaths per 1,000 live births, and Alabama’s reached 7.4 deaths per 1,000 births.</p><p class="">But Mississippi had the highest infant mortality rate in the nation — at 8.6 deaths per 1,000 live births.</p><section class="embed-widget embedWidget embed-widget--medium" data-testid="embed-widget"><div class="embed-widget__use-presentation" data-testid="advanced-embed"><style>#embed-20190523-infant-mortality-rate iframe {width: 1px;min-width: 100%}</style><div id="embed-20190523-infant-mortality-rate"></div></div></section><p class="">In addition, Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi and Missouri did not expand Medicaid under the ACA, creating gaps in health care coverage for women of childbearing age, according to a new study from Georgetown University that examined links between Medicaid expansion and insurance.</p><div class="pullquote pullquote--small" data-testid="pullquote-small"><p class="pullquote__quote" data-testid="pullquote-quote">"If states would expand Medicaid coverage, they would improve the health of mothers and babies and save lives."</p></div><p class="">"The uninsured rate for women of childbearing age is nearly twice as high in states that have not expanded Medicaid," said Adam Searing, a research professor at the Georgetown University Center for Children and Families. "That means a lot more women who don’t have health coverage before they get pregnant or after they have their children."</p><div class="ad ad--text-alignment ad-container boxinlineAd dn-print" data-testid="ad__container"><div data-mps="true" data-slot="boxinline" data-sizes="[[[1000,1],[]],[[758,1],[[300,250],[700,50],[5,5],[728,90],[360,360]]],[[0,0],[[300,250],[700,50],[5,5],[360,360]]]]" data-render-on-view="true" data-targeting="{}" data-active-tab="true" data-offset-viewport="100" data-testid="ad__container__inner"></div></div><p class="">"If states would expand Medicaid coverage, they would improve the health of mothers and babies and save lives," he said.</p><p class="">Dr. Sarah Horvath of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists agrees.</p><p class="">"Comprehensive medical care gives women an awareness of healthy lifestyles before pregnancy," Horvath told NBC News.</p><section class="embed-widget embedWidget embed-widget--small" data-testid="embed-widget"><div class="embed-widget__use-presentation" data-testid="advanced-embed"><style>#embed-20190524-us-abortion-state-law iframe {width: 1px;min-width: 100%}</style><div id="embed-20190524-us-abortion-state-law"></div></div></section><p class="">The connection between high infant mortality and severe restrictions on abortion are correlational, meaning a ban on abortions can't be proven to cause maternal or infant mortality or other negative health problems. But the leading causes of newborn death — which include preterm birth, birth defects and other pregnancy complications — are closely connected to a pregnant woman's access to prenatal health care.</p><p class="">In fact, the March of Dimes gave Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama all failing grades in its <a href="https://www.marchofdimes.org/mission/prematurity-reportcard-tv.aspx" target="_blank">2018 Premature Birth Report Cards</a>. Georgia received a “D.”</p><h2 class="">High maternal mortality rates</h2><p class="">The same states also have <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/health/womens-health/u-s-pregnancy-deaths-report-says-most-are-preventable-n1002946" target="_blank">high rates of mothers dying during </a>labor and after childbirth. About 700 women die from pregnancy-related causes every year and more than half of those deaths are preventable, according to a recent <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/maternal-deaths/index.html" target="_blank">CDC report on maternal mortality</a>.</p><div class="ad ad--text-alignment ad-container boxinlineAd dn-print" data-testid="ad__container"><div data-mps="true" data-slot="boxinline" data-sizes="[[[1000,1],[]],[[758,1],[[300,250],[700,50],[5,5],[728,90],[360,360]]],[[0,0],[[300,250],[700,50],[5,5],[360,360]]]]" data-render-on-view="true" data-targeting="{}" data-active-tab="true" data-offset-viewport="100" data-testid="ad__container__inner"></div></div><p class="">Particularly striking is the rate of pregnant women and new mothers dying in Georgia. That state ranked 48th out of 50 in a measure of maternal mortality in the 2018 <a href="https://www.americashealthrankings.org/explore/health-of-women-and-children/measure/maternal_mortality" target="_blank">America’s Health Rankings</a> from the United Health Foundation, with 46.2 deaths per 100,000 live births. Mississippi and Alabama’s rankings were better: at 32nd and 7th, respectively.</p><div class="recommended-intersection-ref" data-activity-map="recommended-article-body-recommended" data-testid="recommended-wrapper"></div><p class="">But Missouri and Louisiana joined Georgia near the bottom. Missouri ranked 42nd out of 50, and Louisiana was just above Georgia in the Health Rankings for maternal mortality, at 47th out of 50, with 44.8 deaths per 100,000 live births.</p><div class="recommended-intersection-ref" data-activity-map="recommended-article-body-recommended" data-testid="recommended-wrapper"></div><p class="">“You see areas of the country where access to a broad range of health care is either lacking or where great disparities exist,” said Megan Donovan, a senior policy manager at the Guttmacher Institute, a group that studies reproductive rights.</p><p class="">The March of Dimes report found that in Mississippi, the preterm birth rate among African American women is 44 percent higher than the rate of all other women. In Georgia, the rate is 46 percent higher than women of other races.</p><p class="">And in both Alabama and Louisiana, the preterm birth rate among black women is 51 percent higher.</p><p class="">The reasons for the disparities are complex.</p><div class="pullquote pullquote--small" data-testid="pullquote-small"><p class="pullquote__quote" data-testid="pullquote-quote">"It may be that years of racism and classism adversely affects one’s health and one’s ability to accept healthcare."</p></div><p class="">"There appears to be an influence of unconscious bias and racism. It may be that years of racism and classism adversely affects one’s health and one’s ability to accept health care," Riley said.</p><div class="ad ad--text-alignment ad-container boxinlineAd dn-print" data-testid="ad__container"><div data-mps="true" data-slot="boxinline" data-sizes="[[[1000,1],[]],[[758,1],[[300,250],[700,50],[5,5],[728,90],[360,360]]],[[0,0],[[300,250],[700,50],[5,5],[360,360]]]]" data-render-on-view="true" data-targeting="{}" data-active-tab="true" data-offset-viewport="100" data-testid="ad__container__inner"></div></div><p class="">A <a href="https://www.reproductiverights.org/sites/crr.civicactions.net/files/documents/USPA-Ibis-Evaluating-Priorities-v2.pdf" target="_blank">2017 report from the Center for Reproductive Rights</a> and Ibis Reproductive Health found that the more abortion constraints a state passed — such as mandatory waiting periods, counseling, gestation age limits and restrictions on abortion health care coverage — the fewer evidence-based supportive policies it had for women and children.</p><p class="">According to the report, that includes expanding Medicaid, family and medical leave, as well as mandatory sex education.</p><p class="">On the other side, states actively passing protections for abortion and women’s reproductive rights also have some of the lowest rates of infant mortality in the country, Donovan said.</p><p class="">Lawmakers in Vermont recently passed a measure that would ban that state’s government from interfering in reproductive and abortion rights. And it looks as if it will become law. Vermont Gov. Phil Scott, a Republican, said he had ruled out vetoing the bill.</p><p class="">Vermont’s infant mortality rate is low, at 4.8 deaths per 1,000 live births, according to the CDC.</p><div class="ad ad--text-alignment ad-container boxinlineAd dn-print" data-testid="ad__container"><div data-mps="true" data-slot="boxinline" data-sizes="[[[1000,1],[]],[[758,1],[[300,250],[700,50],[5,5],[728,90],[360,360]]],[[0,0],[[300,250],[700,50],[5,5],[360,360]]]]" data-render-on-view="true" data-targeting="{}" data-active-tab="true" data-offset-viewport="100" data-testid="ad__container__inner"></div></div><p class="">The data show New York’s infant mortality rate is even lower, at 4.6 deaths per 1,000 live births. That state passed the Reproductive Health Act earlier this year, which includes a provision permitting late-term abortions when a woman’s health is in danger.</p><p class="">In Massachusetts, the infant mortality rate is 3.7 per 1,000 live births. That state’s Legislature is considering a bill that would expand abortion access by removing the requirement for minors to get parental consent, and allow abortions later in a pregnancy under certain conditions.</p><p class="endmark">“It remains to be seen what will be successful where, but there are advocates and policymakers and states in a position to do positive things to expand and protect access,” Donovan said. “This will be all the more important as other states go in the opposite direction.”</p></div><div class="article-body__content"><div class="expanded-byline-contributors articleBylineContainer"><div class="expanded-byline article-expanded-byline" data-activity-map="expanded-byline-article-bottom"><div class="byline-thumbnail byline-thumbnail--has-image expanded-byline__thumbnail" data-testid="byline-thumbnail"><a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/author/erika-edwards-ncpn56261"><picture data-testid="picture"><source media="(min-width: 320px)" srcSet="https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_focal-60x60,f_avif,q_auto:eco,dpr_2/newscms/2019_28/2925941/190612-erika-edwards-byline-30101.jpg 2x, https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_focal-60x60,f_auto,q_auto:best/newscms/2019_28/2925941/190612-erika-edwards-byline-30101.jpg 1x"/><img loading="lazy" src="https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_focal-60x60,f_auto,q_auto:best/newscms/2019_28/2925941/190612-erika-edwards-byline-30101.jpg" alt="" height="48" width="48"/></picture></a></div><span class="byline-name expanded-byline__name" data-testid="byline-name"><a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/author/erika-edwards-ncpn56261">Erika Edwards</a></span><span class="byline-social expanded-byline__social"><a href="https://x.com/erikaedwardsNBC" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="byline-social--link"><span class="icon icon-twitter"></span></a><a href="mailto:erika.edwards@nbcuni.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="byline-social--link"><span class="icon icon-email"></span></a></span><div class="expanded-byline__bio-wrapper"><p class="byline-bio expanded-byline__bio">Erika Edwards is a health and medical news writer and reporter for NBC News and "TODAY."</p></div></div></div></div></div><div class="article-body--right-rail-container"><div data-testid="right-rail-container" class="article-body__right-rail layout-grid-item grid-col-4_5-l grid-col-3_5-xl grid-col-push-half-xl"><div class="article-body__right-rail--sticky"></div><div class="ad article-body__right-rail--ad ad--text-alignment ad-container dn-print" data-testid="ad__container"><div data-mps="true" data-slot="boxrail" data-sizes="[[[1000,1],[[300,250],[360,360]]],[[758,1],[]],[[0,0],[]]]" data-offset="10" data-render-on-view="true" data-targeting="{}" data-active-tab="true" data-testid="ad__container__inner"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="body-bottom-recommended" data-testid="body-bottom-recommended"><div class="ad 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12.5 13.6094C10.8517 13.6094 9.51559 12.2732 9.51559 10.625Z\" /\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/button\u003e\u003cbutton class=\"login__button login__button--auth h-dn js-sign-out\" aria-label=\"user profile\"\u003e\u003csvg viewBox=\"0 0 25 25\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\"\u003e\u003ccircle cx=\"12.5\" cy=\"12.5\" r=\"12.5\" fill=\"#3061FF\"/\u003e\u003cpath class=\"login__icon--person\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M12.5 14.6719C14.7005 14.6719 16.4844 12.888 16.4844 10.6875C16.4844 8.48699 14.7005 6.70312 12.5 6.70312C10.2995 6.70312 8.51562 8.48699 8.51562 10.6875C8.51562 12.888 10.2995 14.6719 12.5 14.6719ZM19.5 22C19.5 22 19.4231 19.3596 18.2692 17.2166C17.1154 15.0737 7.88462 15.0734 6.73077 17.2167C5.57692 19.36 5.5 22 5.5 22L11.9849 23.8528C12.3216 23.949 12.6784 23.949 13.0151 23.8528L19.5 22Z\" fill=\"white\"/\u003e\u003cpath class=\"login__icon--border\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M12.5 23C18.299 23 23 18.299 23 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d=\"M.1 4h19.8L10 11.02.1 4zM0 5.893l10 7.111 10-7.111V16.8H0V5.893z\" /\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"share-li share-li-icon share-li-sms dn-l\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"javascript:void(0);\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"js-hfs-share\" data-key=\"sms\"data-template=\"sms:?body=HEADLINE via VIA - URL\" data-track-event=\"mbt_navbar_share\" data-track-key=\"platform\" data-track-value=\"sms\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\u003csvg viewBox=\"0 0 15 15\" fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\"\u003e\u003cpath fill-rule=\"evenodd\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M14 11.25H3.333L0 14.583V1a1 1 0 011-1h13a1 1 0 011 1v9.25a1 1 0 01-1 1zm-9.875-4.5a1.125 1.125 0 100-2.25 1.125 1.125 0 000 2.25zM9 5.625a1.125 1.125 0 11-2.25 0 1.125 1.125 0 012.25 0zm2.625 1.125a1.125 1.125 0 100-2.25 1.125 1.125 0 000 2.25z\" /\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"share-li\"\u003e\u003cbutton class=\"share-ex h-h h-w js-share-toggle\" 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class=\"third-span\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/button\u003e\u003cbutton class=\"hamburger js-menu-toggle\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"news navigation and search\" type=\"button\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/button\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"login__dropdown js-auth-options\" style=\"display: none;\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"login__inner\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"login__option\" href=\"/my-news\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003eMy News\u003c/a\u003e\u003ca class=\"login__option\" href=\"https://id.nbcnews.com/my-account?brand=nbc-news\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003eManage Profile\u003c/a\u003e\u003ca class=\"login__option\" href=\"https://id.nbcnews.com/email-preferences?brand=nbc-news\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003eEmail Preferences\u003c/a\u003e\u003cbutton class=\"login__option\" onclick=\"javascript:HFSapi.identity.unauthenticate();\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003eSign 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growing number of states have been passing highly restrictive abortion legislation aimed at overturning Roe V. Wade.","content":{"text":["Georgia, Ohio, Missouri, Louisiana, Alabama and Mississippi have in recent weeks passed some of the most restrictive abortion policies in the nation. But they have other things in common, too.","Four of those states have also declined to expand Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act, leaving a large number of pregnant women without health care.","The most startling similarity shared by all six states, however, is this: They all tend to have the highest rates of infant mortality in the nation.","\"If the mother isn’t healthy, it’s unlikely the baby will be healthy,\" said Dr. Laura Riley, chair of obstetrics and gynecology at Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork-Presbyterian.","On Friday, Missouri's governor signed a bill into law that would ban ending a pregnancy after about eight weeks gestation. Georgia, Ohio and Mississippi have also passed so-called \"heartbeat\" laws prohibiting abortions after about six weeks gestation, before many women know they’re pregnant. A similar bill is making its way through the Louisiana Legislature, and that state’s governor has indicated he will sign it into law. Alabama recently passed the most stringent law, banning almost all abortions at any time of gestation, except when a mother’s life is in jeopardy.","The intent for many anti-abortion efforts in these states is to overturn Roe v. Wade, the landmark 1973 U.S. Supreme Court decision that legalized abortion.","","“We’re seeing these bans in states where already there are harsh barriers to reproductive health care, and where we know they have negative health care outcomes,” said Jacqueline Ayers, vice president of government relations and public policy at the Planned Parenthood Action Fund. On Friday, Planned Parenthood and the American Civil Liberties Union announced they filed a federal lawsuit over Alabama's ban.","In fact, babies carried to term are dying in those states more frequently than in many others.","The average national infant mortality rate in 2017 was 5.8 per 1,000 live births, according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Missouri's was higher at 6.2 infant deaths per 1,000 live births. Louisiana’s was at 7.1 infant deaths per 1,000 live births. Georgia and Ohio’s rates were at 7.2 deaths per 1,000 live births, and Alabama’s reached 7.4 deaths per 1,000 births.","But Mississippi had the highest infant mortality rate in the nation — at 8.6 deaths per 1,000 live births.","","In addition, Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi and Missouri did not expand Medicaid under the ACA, creating gaps in health care coverage for women of childbearing age, according to a new study from Georgetown University that examined links between Medicaid expansion and insurance.","\"The uninsured rate for women of childbearing age is nearly twice as high in states that have not expanded Medicaid,\" said Adam Searing, a research professor at the Georgetown University Center for Children and Families. \"That means a lot more women who don’t have health coverage before they get pregnant or after they have their children.\"","\"If states would expand Medicaid coverage, they would improve the health of mothers and babies and save lives,\" he said.","Dr. Sarah Horvath of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists agrees.","\"Comprehensive medical care gives women an awareness of healthy lifestyles before pregnancy,\" Horvath told NBC News.","","The connection between high infant mortality and severe restrictions on abortion are correlational, meaning a ban on abortions can't be proven to cause maternal or infant mortality or other negative health problems. But the leading causes of newborn death — which include preterm birth, birth defects and other pregnancy complications — are closely connected to a pregnant woman's access to prenatal health care.","In fact, the March of Dimes gave Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama all failing grades in its 2018 Premature Birth Report Cards. Georgia received a “D.”","High maternal mortality rates","The same states also have high rates of mothers dying during labor and after childbirth. About 700 women die from pregnancy-related causes every year and more than half of those deaths are preventable, according to a recent CDC report on maternal mortality.","Particularly striking is the rate of pregnant women and new mothers dying in Georgia. That state ranked 48th out of 50 in a measure of maternal mortality in the 2018 America’s Health Rankings from the United Health Foundation, with 46.2 deaths per 100,000 live births. Mississippi and Alabama’s rankings were better: at 32nd and 7th, respectively.","But Missouri and Louisiana joined Georgia near the bottom. Missouri ranked 42nd out of 50, and Louisiana was just above Georgia in the Health Rankings for maternal mortality, at 47th out of 50, with 44.8 deaths per 100,000 live births.","“You see areas of the country where access to a broad range of health care is either lacking or where great disparities exist,” said Megan Donovan, a senior policy manager at the Guttmacher Institute, a group that studies reproductive rights.","The March of Dimes report found that in Mississippi, the preterm birth rate among African American women is 44 percent higher than the rate of all other women. In Georgia, the rate is 46 percent higher than women of other races.","And in both Alabama and Louisiana, the preterm birth rate among black women is 51 percent higher.","The reasons for the disparities are complex.","","\"There appears to be an influence of unconscious bias and racism. It may be that years of racism and classism adversely affects one’s health and one’s ability to accept health care,\" Riley said.","A 2017 report from the Center for Reproductive Rights and Ibis Reproductive Health found that the more abortion constraints a state passed — such as mandatory waiting periods, counseling, gestation age limits and restrictions on abortion health care coverage — the fewer evidence-based supportive policies it had for women and children.","According to the report, that includes expanding Medicaid, family and medical leave, as well as mandatory sex education.","On the other side, states actively passing protections for abortion and women’s reproductive rights also have some of the lowest rates of infant mortality in the country, Donovan said.","Lawmakers in Vermont recently passed a measure that would ban that state’s government from interfering in reproductive and abortion rights. And it looks as if it will become law. Vermont Gov. Phil Scott, a Republican, said he had ruled out vetoing the bill.","Vermont’s infant mortality rate is low, at 4.8 deaths per 1,000 live births, according to the CDC.","The data show New York’s infant mortality rate is even lower, at 4.6 deaths per 1,000 live births. That state passed the Reproductive Health Act earlier this year, which includes a provision permitting late-term abortions when a woman’s health is in danger.","In Massachusetts, the infant mortality rate is 3.7 per 1,000 live births. That state’s Legislature is considering a bill that would expand abortion access by removing the requirement for minors to get parental consent, and allow abortions later in a pregnancy under certain conditions.","“It remains to be seen what will be successful where, but there are advocates and policymakers and states in a position to do positive things to expand and protect access,” Donovan said. “This will be all the more important as other states go in the opposite direction.”"]},"documentTracing":{"currentMessageId":{"id":"6d69c8c3-84a4-4d9f-b7db-6f0c78e401bc","updatedDate":"Fri May 24 2019 17:23:16 GMT+0000 (UTC)"},"correlationID":"4ba19cb2-37fb-4d28-ae1b-76b6214913b9","type":"article"},"flag":null,"unibrow":{"logo":null,"taxonomyPath":"nbcnews/section/health/womens-health","text":"Women's Health","url":{"primary":"https://www.nbcnews.com/health/womens-health"}},"primaryMedia":{"presentation":{"alignment":"left","size":"medium","style":"default","byline":null,"hideRecommendations":false,"hideProductRecommendations":false},"type":"embeddedImage","image":{"id":"ncim2857641","headline":{"primary":"Pro-choice supporters protest in front of the Alabama State House as Alabama state Senate votes on the strictest anti-abortion bill in the United States at the Alabama Legislature in Montgomery","tease":"Pro-choice supporters protest in front of the Alabama State House as Alabama state Senate votes on the strictest anti-abortion bill in the United States at the Alabama Legislature in Montgomery","seo":"Pro-choice supporters protest in front of the Alabama State House as Alabama state Senate votes on the strictest anti-abortion bill in the United States at the Alabama Legislature in Montgomery","social":"Pro-choice supporters protest in front of the Alabama State House as Alabama state Senate votes on the strictest anti-abortion bill in the United States at the Alabama Legislature in Montgomery"},"caption":"Gov. Kay Ivey of Alabama, which approved the strictest anti-abortion bill in the U.S., said the legislation proves the state values the \"sanctity of life.\" Alabama also has one of the highest infant mortality rates in the country, according to the CDC. ","altText":"Image: Pro-choice supporters protest in front of the Alabama State House as Alabama state Senate votes on the strictest anti-abortion bill in the United States at the Alabama Legislature in Montgomery","url":{"primary":"https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/newscms/2019_21/2857641/190514-alabama-abortion-vote-ac-1020p.jpg"},"imageUrl":{"aims":"https://media3.s-nbcnews.com/i/newscms/2019_21/2857641/190514-alabama-abortion-vote-ac-1020p_aab16dd280a317c6c48873f12e636cf6.jpg","cloudinary":"https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/newscms/2019_21/2857641/190514-alabama-abortion-vote-ac-1020p.jpg","telemundo":null},"encodingFormat":"image/jpeg","height":1667,"width":2500,"authors":[{"name":"Christopher Aluka Berry"}],"source":{"name":"Reuters","copyright":"2019 Christopher Aluka Berry"},"graphicContent":false,"imageContentType":null},"elementId":null},"headline":{"primary":"States pushing abortion bans have higher infant mortality rates","seo":"States pushing abortion bans have higher infant mortality rates","social":"States pushing abortion bans have highest infant mortality rates","tease":"Infants die at higher rates in states banning abortion"},"description":{"primary":"A growing number of states have been passing highly restrictive abortion legislation aimed at overturning Roe V. Wade.","seo":"States such as Alabama, Georgia and Mississippi pushing for strict bans on abortion also tend to have high rates of infant and maternal mortality. ","social":"A growing number of states have been passing highly restrictive abortion legislation aimed at overturning Roe V. Wade."},"date":{"createdAt":"2019-05-24T10:10:00.000Z","publishedAt":"2019-05-24T10:10:00.000Z","modifiedAt":"2019-05-24T17:23:15.000Z"},"ecommerceMetadata":{"shoppingListTitle":"","disclaimer":{"body":[]},"trackingId":null},"socialCopy":{"social":null},"url":{"canonical":"https://www.nbcnews.com/health/womens-health/states-pushing-abortion-bans-have-higher-infant-mortality-rates-n1008481","primary":"https://www.nbcnews.com/health/womens-health/states-pushing-abortion-bans-have-higher-infant-mortality-rates-n1008481","short":"https://www.nbcnews.com/health/womens-health/states-pushing-abortion-bans-have-higher-infant-mortality-rates-n1008481","slug":"states-pushing-abortion-bans-have-higher-infant-mortality-rates-n1008481"},"taxonomy":{"additionalTerms":[{"dateCreated":"Thu Sep 16 2021 03:36:45 GMT+0000 (UTC)","dateModified":"Thu Sep 16 2021 03:36:45 GMT+0000 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in CEO killing fights extradition to New York","tease":"Suspect in CEO killing fights extradition to New York","social":"Suspect in CEO killing fights extradition to New York"},"description":{"primary":"A lawyer for Luigi Mangione, who is accused of killing UnitedHealthcare CEO Brian Thompson, is fighting Mangione's extradition from Pennsylvania to New York. 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NBC News' Stephanie Gosk reports."},"publisher":{"name":"nbcnews"},"source":{"name":"Nightly News","roles":[]},"taxonomy":{"additionalTerms":[{"dateCreated":"Thu Sep 16 2021 03:36:46 GMT+0000 (UTC)","dateModified":"Thu Sep 16 2021 03:36:46 GMT+0000 (UTC)","description":{"primary":null},"id":"nctx19","isCurated":true,"name":"Nightly News","path":"nbcnews/show/nightly-news","pageRoute":"/nightly-news","slug":"nightly-news","type":"taxonomy","taxonomyType":"show","url":{"primary":"https://www.nbcnews.com/nightly-news"}}],"primaryVertical":{"name":"News"},"primarySection":null,"primaryTopic":null},"hasCaptions":true,"closedCaptioning":{"smptett":null,"srt":"https://prodamdnewsencoding.akamaized.net/NBC_News_Digital/nbcnews/captions/2024/12/1734048505029_nn_sgo_suspect_ceo_killing_fights_extradition_new_york_241212.srt","webvtt":"https://prodamdnewsencoding.akamaized.net/NBC_News_Digital/nbcnews/captions/2024/12/1734048505029_nn_sgo_suspect_ceo_killing_fights_extradition_new_york_241212.vtt"},"videoAssets":[{"assetType":"EMP","format":"M3U","publicUrl":"https://prodamdnewsencoding.akamaized.net/NBC_News_Digital/nn_sgo_suspect_ceo_killing_fights_extradition_new_york_241212/1/abs/index.m3u8","height":1080,"width":1920,"assetDuration":182.183,"bitrate":4262000},{"assetType":"akamaiMp4","format":"MPEG4","publicUrl":"https://prodamdnewsencoding.akamaized.net/NBC_News_Digital/nbcnews/video/2024/12/1734048505029_nn_sgo_suspect_ceo_killing_fights_extradition_new_york_241212_6.mp4","height":1080,"width":1920,"assetDuration":182.183,"bitrate":4262201}]}]}},"elementId":null},{"type":"markup","element":"p","html":"“We’re seeing these bans in states where already there are harsh barriers to reproductive health care, and where we know they have negative health care outcomes,” said Jacqueline Ayers, vice president of government relations and public policy at the Planned Parenthood Action Fund. On Friday, Planned Parenthood and the American Civil Liberties Union announced they filed a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/planned-parenthood-aclu-sue-over-alabama-s-extreme-abortion-ban-n1009651\" target=\"_blank\"\u003efederal lawsuit \u003c/a\u003eover Alabama's ban.","elementId":null},{"type":"markup","element":"p","html":"In fact, babies carried to term are dying in those states more frequently than in many others.","elementId":null},{"type":"markup","element":"p","html":"The average \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/sosmap/infant_mortality_rates/infant_mortality.htm\" target=\"_blank\"\u003enational infant mortality rate\u003c/a\u003e in 2017 was 5.8 per 1,000 live births, according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Missouri's was higher at 6.2 infant deaths per 1,000 live births. Louisiana’s was at 7.1 infant deaths per 1,000 live births. Georgia and Ohio’s rates were at 7.2 deaths per 1,000 live births, and Alabama’s reached 7.4 deaths per 1,000 births.","elementId":null},{"type":"markup","element":"p","html":"But Mississippi had the highest infant mortality rate in the nation — at 8.6 deaths per 1,000 live births.","elementId":null},{"elementId":null,"type":"embeddedWidget","presentation":{"alignment":"left","size":"medium","style":"default","byline":null,"hideRecommendations":false,"hideProductRecommendations":false},"widget":{"id":"ncwd321","type":"widget","name":"advanced_embed","baseline":"%3Cscript%20type=%22text/javascript%22%20src=%22https://nodeassets.nbcnews.com/cdnassets/pym/1.3.2/pym.min.js%22%3E%3C/script%3E%3Cstyle%3E#embed-20190523-infant-mortality-rate%20iframe%20%7Bwidth:%201px;min-width:%20100%25%7D%3C/style%3E%3Cdiv%20id=%22embed-20190523-infant-mortality-rate%22%3E%3C/div%3E%3Cscript%3Evar%20pymParent%20=%20new%20pym.Parent('embed-20190523-infant-mortality-rate',%20'https://dataviz.nbcnews.com/projects/20190523-infant-mortality-rate/index.html',%20%7B%7D);%3C/script%3E","mobileBaseline":"","fallbackUrl":"","properties":{"presentation-size":"medium","embed-code":"%3Cscript%20type=%22text/javascript%22%20src=%22https://nodeassets.nbcnews.com/cdnassets/pym/1.3.2/pym.min.js%22%3E%3C/script%3E%3Cstyle%3E#embed-20190523-infant-mortality-rate%20iframe%20%7Bwidth:%201px;min-width:%20100%25%7D%3C/style%3E%3Cdiv%20id=%22embed-20190523-infant-mortality-rate%22%3E%3C/div%3E%3Cscript%3Evar%20pymParent%20=%20new%20pym.Parent('embed-20190523-infant-mortality-rate',%20'https://dataviz.nbcnews.com/projects/20190523-infant-mortality-rate/index.html',%20%7B%7D);%3C/script%3E"},"publisher":{"name":"nbcnews"}}},{"type":"markup","element":"p","html":"In addition, Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi and Missouri did not expand Medicaid under the ACA, creating gaps in health care coverage for women of childbearing age, according to a new study from Georgetown University that examined links between Medicaid expansion and insurance.","elementId":null},{"elementId":null,"type":"embeddedWidget","presentation":{"alignment":"left","size":"small","style":"default","byline":null,"hideRecommendations":false,"hideProductRecommendations":false},"widget":{"id":"ncwd266","type":"widget","name":"nbc_pullquote","baseline":"\u003cblockquote class='pullquote' data-attribution='null' data-size='Small' data-position='left'\u003e\u003cp\u003e%22If%20states%20would%20expand%20Medicaid%20coverage,%20they%20would%20improve%20the%20health%20of%20mothers%20and%20babies%20and%20save%20lives.%22\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e","mobileBaseline":"","fallbackUrl":"","properties":{"pullquote-text":"%22If%20states%20would%20expand%20Medicaid%20coverage,%20they%20would%20improve%20the%20health%20of%20mothers%20and%20babies%20and%20save%20lives.%22","pullquote-size":"Small","pullquote-position":"left"},"publisher":{"name":"nbcnews"}}},{"type":"markup","element":"p","html":"\"The uninsured rate for women of childbearing age is nearly twice as high in states that have not expanded Medicaid,\" said Adam Searing, a research professor at the Georgetown University Center for Children and Families. \"That means a lot more women who don’t have health coverage before they get pregnant or after they have their children.\"","elementId":null},{"type":"markup","element":"p","html":"\"If states would expand Medicaid coverage, they would improve the health of mothers and babies and save lives,\" he said.","elementId":null},{"type":"markup","element":"p","html":"Dr. Sarah Horvath of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists agrees.","elementId":null},{"type":"markup","element":"p","html":"\"Comprehensive medical care gives women an awareness of healthy lifestyles before pregnancy,\" Horvath told NBC News.","elementId":null},{"elementId":null,"type":"embeddedWidget","presentation":{"alignment":"left","size":"small","style":"default","byline":null,"hideRecommendations":false,"hideProductRecommendations":false},"widget":{"id":"ncwd321","type":"widget","name":"advanced_embed","baseline":"%3Cscript%20type=%22text/javascript%22%20src=%22https://nodeassets.nbcnews.com/cdnassets/pym/1.3.2/pym.min.js%22%3E%3C/script%3E%3Cstyle%3E#embed-20190524-us-abortion-state-law%20iframe%20%7Bwidth:%201px;min-width:%20100%25%7D%3C/style%3E%3Cdiv%20id=%22embed-20190524-us-abortion-state-law%22%3E%3C/div%3E%3Cscript%3Evar%20pymParent%20=%20new%20pym.Parent('embed-20190524-us-abortion-state-law',%20'https://dataviz.nbcnews.com/projects/20190524-us-abortion-state-law/index.html',%20%7B%7D);%3C/script%3E","mobileBaseline":"","fallbackUrl":"","properties":{"presentation-size":"small","embed-code":"%3Cscript%20type=%22text/javascript%22%20src=%22https://nodeassets.nbcnews.com/cdnassets/pym/1.3.2/pym.min.js%22%3E%3C/script%3E%3Cstyle%3E#embed-20190524-us-abortion-state-law%20iframe%20%7Bwidth:%201px;min-width:%20100%25%7D%3C/style%3E%3Cdiv%20id=%22embed-20190524-us-abortion-state-law%22%3E%3C/div%3E%3Cscript%3Evar%20pymParent%20=%20new%20pym.Parent('embed-20190524-us-abortion-state-law',%20'https://dataviz.nbcnews.com/projects/20190524-us-abortion-state-law/index.html',%20%7B%7D);%3C/script%3E"},"publisher":{"name":"nbcnews"}}},{"type":"markup","element":"p","html":"The connection between high infant mortality and severe restrictions on abortion are correlational, meaning a ban on abortions can't be proven to cause maternal or infant mortality or other negative health problems. But the leading causes of newborn death — which include preterm birth, birth defects and other pregnancy complications — are closely connected to a pregnant woman's access to prenatal health care.","elementId":null},{"type":"markup","element":"p","html":"In fact, the March of Dimes gave Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama all failing grades in its \u003ca href=\"https://www.marchofdimes.org/mission/prematurity-reportcard-tv.aspx\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e2018 Premature Birth Report Cards\u003c/a\u003e. Georgia received a “D.”","elementId":null},{"type":"markup","element":"h2","html":"High maternal mortality rates","elementId":null},{"type":"markup","element":"p","html":"The same states also have \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/health/womens-health/u-s-pregnancy-deaths-report-says-most-are-preventable-n1002946\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehigh rates of mothers dying during \u003c/a\u003elabor and after childbirth. About 700 women die from pregnancy-related causes every year and more than half of those deaths are preventable, according to a recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/maternal-deaths/index.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eCDC report on maternal mortality\u003c/a\u003e.","elementId":null},{"type":"markup","element":"p","html":"Particularly striking is the rate of pregnant women and new mothers dying in Georgia. That state ranked 48th out of 50 in a measure of maternal mortality in the 2018 \u003ca href=\"https://www.americashealthrankings.org/explore/health-of-women-and-children/measure/maternal_mortality\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eAmerica’s Health Rankings\u003c/a\u003e from the United Health Foundation, with 46.2 deaths per 100,000 live births. Mississippi and Alabama’s rankings were better: at 32nd and 7th, respectively.","elementId":null},{"type":"markup","element":"p","html":"But Missouri and Louisiana joined Georgia near the bottom. Missouri ranked 42nd out of 50, and Louisiana was just above Georgia in the Health Rankings for maternal mortality, at 47th out of 50, with 44.8 deaths per 100,000 live births.","elementId":null},{"type":"markup","element":"p","html":"“You see areas of the country where access to a broad range of health care is either lacking or where great disparities exist,” said Megan Donovan, a senior policy manager at the Guttmacher Institute, a group that studies reproductive rights.","elementId":null},{"type":"markup","element":"p","html":"The March of Dimes report found that in Mississippi, the preterm birth rate among African American women is 44 percent higher than the rate of all other women. In Georgia, the rate is 46 percent higher than women of other races.","elementId":null},{"type":"markup","element":"p","html":"And in both Alabama and Louisiana, the preterm birth rate among black women is 51 percent higher.","elementId":null},{"type":"markup","element":"p","html":"The reasons for the disparities are complex.","elementId":null},{"elementId":null,"type":"embeddedWidget","presentation":{"alignment":"left","size":"small","style":"default","byline":null,"hideRecommendations":false,"hideProductRecommendations":false},"widget":{"id":"ncwd266","type":"widget","name":"nbc_pullquote","baseline":"\u003cblockquote class='pullquote' data-attribution='null' data-size='Small' data-position='left'\u003e\u003cp\u003e%22It%20may%20be%20that%20years%20of%20racism%20and%20classism%20adversely%20affects%20one%E2%80%99s%20health%20and%20one%E2%80%99s%20ability%20to%20accept%20healthcare.%22\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e","mobileBaseline":"","fallbackUrl":"","properties":{"pullquote-text":"%22It%20may%20be%20that%20years%20of%20racism%20and%20classism%20adversely%20affects%20one%E2%80%99s%20health%20and%20one%E2%80%99s%20ability%20to%20accept%20healthcare.%22","pullquote-size":"Small","pullquote-position":"left"},"publisher":{"name":"nbcnews"}}},{"type":"markup","element":"p","html":"\"There appears to be an influence of unconscious bias and racism. It may be that years of racism and classism adversely affects one’s health and one’s ability to accept health care,\" Riley said.","elementId":null},{"type":"markup","element":"p","html":"A \u003ca href=\"https://www.reproductiverights.org/sites/crr.civicactions.net/files/documents/USPA-Ibis-Evaluating-Priorities-v2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e2017 report from the Center for Reproductive Rights\u003c/a\u003e and Ibis Reproductive Health found that the more abortion constraints a state passed — such as mandatory waiting periods, counseling, gestation age limits and restrictions on abortion health care coverage — the fewer evidence-based supportive policies it had for women and children.","elementId":null},{"type":"markup","element":"p","html":"According to the report, that includes expanding Medicaid, family and medical leave, as well as mandatory sex education.","elementId":null},{"type":"markup","element":"p","html":"On the other side, states actively passing protections for abortion and women’s reproductive rights also have some of the lowest rates of infant mortality in the country, Donovan said.","elementId":null},{"type":"markup","element":"p","html":"Lawmakers in Vermont recently passed a measure that would ban that state’s government from interfering in reproductive and abortion rights. And it looks as if it will become law. Vermont Gov. Phil Scott, a Republican, said he had ruled out vetoing the bill.","elementId":null},{"type":"markup","element":"p","html":"Vermont’s infant mortality rate is low, at 4.8 deaths per 1,000 live births, according to the CDC.","elementId":null},{"type":"markup","element":"p","html":"The data show New York’s infant mortality rate is even lower, at 4.6 deaths per 1,000 live births. That state passed the Reproductive Health Act earlier this year, which includes a provision permitting late-term abortions when a woman’s health is in danger.","elementId":null},{"type":"markup","element":"p","html":"In Massachusetts, the infant mortality rate is 3.7 per 1,000 live births. That state’s Legislature is considering a bill that would expand abortion access by removing the requirement for minors to get parental consent, and allow abortions later in a pregnancy under certain conditions.","elementId":null},{"type":"markup","element":"p","html":"“It remains to be seen what will be successful where, but there are advocates and policymakers and states in a position to do positive things to expand and protect access,” Donovan said. “This will be all the more important as other states go in the opposite direction.”","elementId":null}],"datePublished":"Fri May 24 2019 10:10:00 GMT+0000 (UTC)","dateModified":"Fri May 24 2019 17:23:15 GMT+0000 (UTC)","dateCreated":"Fri May 24 2019 10:10:00 GMT+0000 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