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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Klasifikasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klasifikasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Klasifikasi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klasifikasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Karakteristik_Umum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Karakteristik_Umum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Karakteristik Umum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Karakteristik_Umum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hubungan_dengan_bahasa_lain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hubungan_dengan_bahasa_lain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Hubungan dengan bahasa lain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hubungan_dengan_bahasa_lain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_Pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_Pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Lihat Pula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_Pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Referensi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Catatan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catatan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Catatan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catatan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi_Umum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi_Umum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Referensi Umum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi_Umum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bacaan_Selanjutnya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bacaan_Selanjutnya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bacaan Selanjutnya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bacaan_Selanjutnya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rumpun bahasa Tungus</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 75 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-75" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">75 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toengoesiese_tale" title="Toengoesiese tale – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Toengoesiese tale" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لغات تونغوسية – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغات تونغوسية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lling%C3%BCes_tunguses" title="Llingües tunguses – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llingües tunguses" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunqus-mancur_dill%C9%99ri" title="Tunqus-mancur dilləri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tunqus-mancur dilləri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B3-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="تونقوس-مانجور دیللری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تونقوس-مانجور دیللری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0-%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%87%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Тунгуса-маньчжурскія мовы – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тунгуса-маньчжурскія мовы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0-%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%87%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Тунгуса-маньчжурскія мовы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Тунгуса-маньчжурскія мовы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE-%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Тунгусо-манджурски езици – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тунгусо-манджурски езици" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yezho%C3%B9_toungousek" title="Yezhoù toungousek – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yezhoù toungousek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_manx%C3%BA-tung%C3%BAs" title="Llengües manxú-tungús – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llengües manxú-tungús" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguzsk%C3%A9_jazyky" title="Tunguzské jazyky – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tunguzské jazyky" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchu-tungusiske_sprog" title="Manchu-tungusiske sprog – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Manchu-tungusiske sprog" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungusische_Sprachen" title="Tungusische Sprachen – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tungusische Sprachen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguzki" title="Tunguzki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Tunguzki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguzske_r%C4%9Bcy" title="Tunguzske rěcy – Sorbia Hilir" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Tunguzske rěcy" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Sorbia Hilir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B6%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Τουνγκουζικές γλώσσες – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τουνγκουζικές γλώσσες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungusic_languages" title="Tungusic languages – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Tungusic languages" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguz-man%C4%89ura_lingvaro" title="Tunguz-manĉura lingvaro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tunguz-manĉura lingvaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenguas_tunguses" title="Lenguas tunguses – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lenguas tunguses" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguusi_keeled" title="Tunguusi keeled – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tunguusi keeled" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungus_hizkuntzak" title="Tungus hizkuntzak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tungus hizkuntzak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="زبان‌های تونگوزی – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان‌های تونگوزی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguusikielet" title="Tunguusikielet – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tunguusikielet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langues_toungouses" title="Langues toungouses – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Langues toungouses" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguusisk_spriaken" title="Tunguusisk spriaken – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Tunguusisk spriaken" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teangacha_Tungusacha" title="Teangacha Tungusacha – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Teangacha Tungusacha" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungus_dilleri" title="Tungus dilleri – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Tungus dilleri" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_tung%C3%BAs" title="Linguas tungús – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Linguas tungús" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="שפות טונגוסיות – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שפות טונגוסיות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="तुंगुसी भाषा-परिवार – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तुंगुसी भाषा-परिवार" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguski_jezici" title="Tunguski jezici – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tunguski jezici" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD-%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BB%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Տունգուս-մանջուրական լեզուներ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տունգուս-մանջուրական լեզուներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungusiana_lingui" title="Tungusiana lingui – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Tungusiana lingui" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mansj%C3%BA-t%C3%BAng%C3%ADsk_tungum%C3%A1l" title="Mansjú-túngísk tungumál – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mansjú-túngísk tungumál" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingue_tunguse" title="Lingue tunguse – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingue tunguse" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%84%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" title="ツングース語族 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ツングース語族" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%B1%D2%A3%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%81-%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%87%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96" title="Тұңғыс-маньчжур тілдері – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тұңғыс-маньчжур тілдері" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%89%81%EA%B5%AC%EC%8A%A4%EC%96%B4%EC%A1%B1" title="퉁구스어족 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="퉁구스어족" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81-%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Тунгус-манжур тилдери – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Тунгус-манжур тилдери" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguae_Tungusicae" title="Linguae Tungusicae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Linguae Tungusicae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungusesch_Sprooch" title="Tungusesch Sprooch – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Tungusesch Sprooch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_tungusica" title="Linguas tungusica – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Linguas tungusica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungus%C5%B3-mand%C5%BEi%C5%ABr%C5%B3_kalbos" title="Tungusų-mandžiūrų kalbos – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tungusų-mandžiūrų kalbos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungusu_valodas" title="Tungusu valodas – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tungusu valodas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fianakaviam-piteny_tongoza" title="Fianakaviam-piteny tongoza – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fianakaviam-piteny tongoza" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Тунгуски јазици – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Тунгуски јазици" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B6-%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%83%D1%80" title="Манж-Тунгус хэлний язгуур – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Манж-Тунгус хэлний язгуур" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa-bahasa_Tunggus" title="Bahasa-bahasa Tunggus – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa-bahasa Tunggus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toengoezische_talen" title="Toengoezische talen – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Toengoezische talen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungusiske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Tungusiske språk – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tungusiske språk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungusiske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Tungusiske språk – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tungusiske språk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengas_tongozas" title="Lengas tongozas – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lengas tongozas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82" title="ਤੁੰਗੁਸੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤੁੰਗੁਸੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyki_tungusko-mand%C5%BCurskie" title="Języki tungusko-mandżurskie – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Języki tungusko-mandżurskie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="تنگسی بولیاں – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تنگسی بولیاں" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADnguas_tung%C3%BAsicas" title="Línguas tungúsicas – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Línguas tungúsicas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbi_tunguze" title="Limbi tunguze – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limbi tunguze" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE-%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%87%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Тунгусо-маньчжурские языки – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тунгусо-маньчжурские языки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungusic_languages" title="Tungusic languages – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tungusic languages" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Тунгуски језици – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тунгуски језици" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungusiska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Tungusiska språk – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tungusiska språk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lugha_za_Kitungusi" title="Lugha za Kitungusi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Lugha za Kitungusi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%8Dnguske_g%C5%8Fdki" title="Tōnguske gŏdki – Silesia" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Tōnguske gŏdki" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="துங்குசிக் மொழிகள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="துங்குசிக் மொழிகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="กลุ่มภาษาตุงกูซิก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กลุ่มภาษาตุงกูซิก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguz_dilleri" title="Tunguz dilleri – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tunguz dilleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81-%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%87%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Тунгус-маньчжур телләре – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Тунгус-маньчжур телләре" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%87%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%87%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%87_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%84%D9%89%D8%B1%D9%89" title="تۇنگۇس مانجۇ تىللىرى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="تۇنگۇس مانجۇ تىللىرى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE-%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%87%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Тунгусо-маньчжурські мови – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тунгусо-маньчжурські мови" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%BA" title="تونگوزی زبانیں – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تونگوزی زبانیں" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungus-manjur_tillari" title="Tungus-manjur tillari – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tungus-manjur tillari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%E1%BB%AF_h%E1%BB%87_Tungus" title="Ngữ hệ Tungus – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ngữ hệ Tungus" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BB%A1-%E9%80%9A%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="满-通古斯语系 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="满-通古斯语系" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BB%A1-%E9%80%9A%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="满-通古斯语系 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="满-通古斯语系" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" title="通古斯語系 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="通古斯語系" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q34230#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Tungus" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan:Rumpun_bahasa_Tungus&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi (halaman belum tersedia) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Indonesia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Tungus"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Tungus&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Tungus&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Tungus&action=history" title="Revisi sebelumnya dari halaman ini. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Perkakas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Opsi lainnya" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Tungus"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Tungus&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Tungus&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Tungus&action=history"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Rumpun_bahasa_Tungus" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Rumpun_bahasa_Tungus" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa" title="Daftar semua halaman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Tungus&oldid=25961658" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Tungus&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Rumpun_bahasa_Tungus&id=25961658&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini"><span>Kutip halaman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRumpun_bahasa_Tungus"><span>Lihat URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRumpun_bahasa_Tungus"><span>Unduh kode QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Rumpun+bahasa+Tungus"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Rumpun_bahasa_Tungus&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Tungus&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tungusic_languages" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q34230" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Dialihkan dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Tungusik&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumpun bahasa Tungusik">Rumpun bahasa Tungusik</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22657712">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><style 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.i-tooltiptext{visibility:hidden;width:340px;background-color:black;color:#fff;text-align:center;border-radius:6px;padding:5px 0;position:absolute;z-index:1;top:22px;right:-90%;z-index:1000}.mw-parser-output .i-tooltip:hover .i-tooltiptext{visibility:visible}.mw-parser-output .bg-wp{background:radial-gradient(closest-side,lightgray,transparent)}.mw-parser-output .nilai{display:inline;margin:0;padding:0;border:0}.mw-parser-output .nilai:before{content:"—";animation-name:animate;animation-duration:2s;animation-delay:1s;animation-iteration-count:infinite}@keyframes nilai{0%{content:"Memuat"}5%{content:"Mengambil data penilaian dari halaman pembicaraan"}80%{content:"Memuat"}87%{content:"Mengubah susunan templat WP Banner"}89%{content:"Menyiapkan"}98%{content:"Selesai"}100%{content:""}}</style><table class="infobox" style="box-shadow: rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3) 0px 1px 2px 0px, rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15) 0px 2px 6px 2px;border-radius: 2px;; text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above bahasa" style="margin:0.2em;font-size:130%; color: black; background-color: yellowgreen;">Tungus</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.1em;line-height:1.3em; padding-right:0.5em;">Wilayah</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.05em"><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manchuria" title="Manchuria">Manchuria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.1em;line-height:1.3em; padding-right:0.5em;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Penutur</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.05em"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.05em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"><table class="infobox mw-collapsible" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal; padding-right:0.5em;"><span style="white-space: normal;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa" title="Rumpun bahasa">Rumpun bahasa</a></b></div></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><div style="text-align:left;margin-left:0.5em"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r14051308">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"><ul style="line-height:100%;padding-left:0;"><li>Altai <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:0.5em;padding-left:0"><li> <b>Tungus</b><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Tungus_Utara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rumpun bahasa Tungus Utara (halaman belum tersedia)">Rumpun bahasa Tungus Utara</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Tungus_Selatan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rumpun bahasa Tungus Selatan (halaman belum tersedia)">Rumpun bahasa Tungus Selatan</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"><table class="infobox mw-collapsible" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal; padding-right:0.5em;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><b>Bentuk awal</b></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><div style="text-align:left;margin-left:1.2em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r14051308"><div class="treeview"><ul style="line-height:100%;padding-left:0;"><li><span style="color:gray"><i>Tidak dicantumkan</i></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_purba" title="Bahasa purba">Bahasa induk</a>)</span> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li><b>Tungus</b></li></ul> </li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="margin:0.2em;opacity:80%;color: black; background-color: yellowgreen;line-height:1.3;padding:0.2em;">Kode bahasa</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.1em;line-height:1.3em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.05em">–</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.1em;line-height:1.3em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-5" title="ISO 639-5">ISO 639-5</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.05em"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/tuw" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:tuw">tuw</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.1em;line-height:1.3em; padding-right:0.5em;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">LINGUIST List</div> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://linguistlist.org/multitree/" title="LINGUIST list sudah tidak beroperasi lagi" rel="nofollow"><img alt="LINGUIST list sudah tidak beroperasi lagi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/OOjs_UI_icon_clear-destructive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_clear-destructive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/OOjs_UI_icon_clear-destructive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_clear-destructive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/OOjs_UI_icon_clear-destructive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_clear-destructive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.05em"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://multitree.org/codes/tung">tung</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.1em;line-height:1.3em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.05em"><code style="padding-bottom:0.1em;padding-top:0.1em"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/tung1282">tung1282</a></code><sup id="cite_ref-Glottolog_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glottolog-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.1em;line-height:1.3em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Observatorium_Linguasfer" title="Observatorium Linguasfer">Linguasfer</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.05em"><code style="padding-bottom:0.1em;padding-top:0.1em"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hortensj-garden.org/index.php?tnc=1&tr=lsr&nid=44-C">44-C</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.1em;line-height:1.3em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Penanda_bahasa_IETF" class="mw-redirect" title="Penanda bahasa IETF">IETF</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.05em"><code style="padding-bottom:0.1em;padding-top:0.1em">tuw</code></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.05em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="opacity:80%;color: black; background-color: yellowgreen;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Lokasi penuturan</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.35em; padding-right:0em; padding-left:0em"><div class="bg-wp"></div><div style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.2em"></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.35em; padding-right:0em; padding-left:0em"><div style="font-size:80%"><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Halaman_artikel_bahasa_dengan_peta" title="Kategori:Halaman artikel bahasa dengan peta">Peta bahasa lain</a></div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-top:0px;height:20px;font-weight:normal;font-size:90%;text-align:center;color:black; background-color: yellowgreen;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/20px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/30px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/40px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Bahasa" title="Portal:Bahasa"><span style="color: black;"><b>Portal Bahasa</b></span></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="font-weight:normal;font-size:80%;text-align:left;height:20px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em;padding-bottom:0.1em"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Kotak_info_bahasa" title="Templat:Kotak info bahasa">L</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Kotak_info_bahasa" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Kotak info bahasa">B</a> • <a href="/wiki/PW:BAHASA" class="mw-redirect" title="PW:BAHASA">PW</a>   <div style="float:right;right:0em; text-align:right:display:inline"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Tungus&action=edit&section=top&editintro=Templat:Kotak_info_bahasa/Pemberitahuan/editintro2"><img alt="Sunting kotak info" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span>  <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34230" title="Lihat butir Wikidata"><img alt="Lihat butir Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span>  <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Kotak_info_bahasa/doc" title="Bantuan penggunaan templat ini"><img alt="Info templat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/10px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/15px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/20px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="metadata i-tooltip" style="position:absolute;z-index:100;top:-85px;right:0.5em; line-height:normal;border-radius:7px;color:white"><div style="opacity:60%"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Tentang artikel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/OOjs_UI_icon_add.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_add.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/OOjs_UI_icon_add.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_add.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/OOjs_UI_icon_add.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_add.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div><span class="i-tooltiptext" style="padding:0.2em;-moz-box-shadow: 2px 2px 4px gray; -webkit-box-shadow: 2px 2px 4px gray; box-shadow: 2px 2px 4px gray;"><div class="autoconfirmed-show"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"><table class="infobox" style="background:transparent;border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none;color:white"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:transparent;text-align:center;">Pemberitahuan</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="font-size:80%;text-align:left">Templat ini mendeteksi bahwa artikel bahasa ini masih <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:ProyekWiki_Bahasa/Penilaian" title="Wikipedia:ProyekWiki Bahasa/Penilaian"><span style="color:lavender">belum dinilai</span></a></b> kualitasnya oleh <a href="/wiki/PW:Bahasa" class="mw-redirect" title="PW:Bahasa"><span style="color:lavender">ProyekWiki Bahasa</span></a> dan <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:ProyekWiki" title="Wikipedia:ProyekWiki"><span style="color:lavender">ProyekWiki</span></a> terkait dengan subjek.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="font-size:80%;text-align:left"><div class="mw-inputbox-centered" style="background-color: ; color: inherit;"><form name="createbox" class="createbox mw-inputbox-form-inline" action="/w/index.php" method="get"><input type="hidden" value="edit" name="action" /><input type="hidden" value="Templat:Kotak info bahasa/Pemberitahuan/preload" name="preload" /><input type="hidden" value="Templat:Kotak info bahasa/Pemberitahuan/editintro" name="editintro" /><input type="hidden" value="Pembicaraan:Rumpun bahasa Tungus" name="prefix" /><div class="cdx-text-input"><input type="hidden" name="title" class="mw-inputbox-createbox cdx-text-input__input" placeholder="" size="12" dir="ltr" /></div> <input type="submit" name="create" value="Berikan penilaian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--action-progressive cdx-button--weight-primary" /></form></div><span style="font-size:85%;"> <p>Terjadi <i>[[<span style="color:lavender">false positive</span>]]</i>? Silakan <a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Wikipedia:ProyekWiki_Bahasa" title="Pembicaraan Wikipedia:ProyekWiki Bahasa"><span style="color:lavender">laporkan kesalahan ini</span></a>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="font-weight:normal;text-align:right;font-size:80%; background: transparent"><span class="nowrap">18.15, Sabtu, 30 November, 2024 (<a href="/wiki/Waktu_Universal_Terkoordinasi" title="Waktu Universal Terkoordinasi">UTC</a>)</span> • <div class="plainlinks" style="font-weight:bold;"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Tungus&action=purge">hapus singgahan</a></div> Sebanyak <b><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_bahasa_yang_membutuhkan_penilaian" title="Kategori:Artikel bahasa yang membutuhkan penilaian">1.557</a></b> artikel belum dinilai</th></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> Artikel ini <b>belum dinilai</b> oleh <a href="/wiki/PW:BAHASA" class="mw-redirect" title="PW:BAHASA">ProyekWiki Bahasa</a></span></div> <div class="metadata s-tooltip" style="position:absolute;z-index:100;top:-85px;right:3.5em; line-height:normal;border-radius:7px;"><div style="opacity:60%"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Cari artikel bahasa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/OOjs_UI_icon_search-ltr.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_search-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/OOjs_UI_icon_search-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_search-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/OOjs_UI_icon_search-ltr.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_search-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div><span class="s-tooltiptext" style="-moz-box-shadow: 2px 2px 4px gray; -webkit-box-shadow: 2px 2px 4px gray; box-shadow: 2px 2px 4px gray;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-size:85%;">Cari artikel bahasa<div class="mw-inputbox-centered" style=""><form name="searchbox" class="searchbox mw-inputbox-form-inline" action="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian"><div class="cdx-text-input"><input class="mw-searchInput searchboxInput cdx-text-input__input" name="search" value="Bahasa" placeholder="" size="25" dir="ltr" /></div> <input type="submit" name="go" value="Tuju" class="cdx-button" /> <input type="submit" name="fulltext" value="Cari" class="cdx-button" /></form></div>Cari berdasarkan kode ISO 639 (Uji coba)<div class="mw-inputbox-centered" style=""><form name="searchbox" class="searchbox mw-inputbox-form-inline" action="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian"><div class="cdx-text-input"><input class="mw-searchInput searchboxInput cdx-text-input__input" name="search" value="ISO 639:" placeholder="" size="8" dir="ltr" /></div> <input type="submit" name="go" value="Tuju" class="cdx-button" /> <input type="submit" name="fulltext" value="Cari" class="cdx-button" /></form></div><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-size:85%;">Kolom pencarian ini hanya didukung oleh beberapa antarmuka</span></span> </span></span></span></div><div class="metadata r-tooltip" style=";position:absolute;z-index:100;top:-85px;right:2em; line-height:normal;border-radius:7px;"><div style="opacity:60%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sembarang_di_kategori/Artikel_bahasa_dengan_kotak_info_bahasa" title="Istimewa:Sembarang di kategori/Artikel bahasa dengan kotak info bahasa"><img alt="Artikel bahasa sembarang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/OOjs_UI_icon_die.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_die.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/OOjs_UI_icon_die.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_die.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/OOjs_UI_icon_die.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_die.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div><span class="r-tooltiptext" style="-moz-box-shadow: 2px 2px 4px gray; -webkit-box-shadow: 2px 2px 4px gray; box-shadow: 2px 2px 4px gray;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-size:85%;">Halaman bahasa acak</span></span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Linguistic_map_of_the_Tungusic_languages.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Linguistic_map_of_the_Tungusic_languages.png/260px-Linguistic_map_of_the_Tungusic_languages.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Linguistic_map_of_the_Tungusic_languages.png/390px-Linguistic_map_of_the_Tungusic_languages.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Linguistic_map_of_the_Tungusic_languages.png/520px-Linguistic_map_of_the_Tungusic_languages.png 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1144" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Rumpun bahasa Tungus</b> (juga dikenal sebagai Manchu-Tungus) dipakai oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Evenks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evenks (halaman belum tersedia)">bangsa Tungus</a> di <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a> Timur dan <a href="/wiki/Manchuria" title="Manchuria">Manchuria</a>. Banyak bahasa dalam rumpun ini sudah mati dan masa depannya dalam jangka waktu yang panjang tidak dapat dipastikan. Secara tradisional, ahli bahasa menganggap rumpun ini merupakan bagian dari <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Altai" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Altai">rumpun bahasa Altai</a> bersama dengan <a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Turkis" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumpun bahasa Turkis">rumpun bahasa Turkis</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Mongol" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumpun bahasa Mongol">rumpun bahasa Mongol</a>; proposal rumpun bahasa Makro-Altai yang baru juga mencakup Jepang dan Korea, atau di sisi lain, bahwa Altai bukan kelompok <a href="/wiki/Genetik" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetik">genetik</a> tetapi <a href="/wiki/Sprachbund" title="Sprachbund">Sprachbund</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Klasifikasi">Klasifikasi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Tungus&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Klasifikasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Tungus&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Klasifikasi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ahli bahasa yang mempelajari rumpun bahasa Tungus telah mengusulkan sejumlah klasifikasi berbeda berdasarkan kriteria yang berbeda, termasuk karakter morfologi, leksikal, dan fonologi. Salah satu klasifikasi ini rupanya lebih disukai dibandingkan alternatif lainnya adalah bahwa rumpun bahasa Tungus dapat dibagi bercabang-cabang ke dalam cabang utara dan selatan, dengan cabang selatan dibagi lebih lanjut menjadi kelompok tenggara dan barat daya. </p><p><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Tungus_Utara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rumpun bahasa Tungus Utara (halaman belum tersedia)">Rumpun bahasa Tungus Utara</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Evenki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Evenki (halaman belum tersedia)">Evenki</a> (kuno: Tungus), dipakai oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ewenkis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ewenkis (halaman belum tersedia)">Ewenkis</a> di sentral <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a> dan timur laut <a href="/wiki/China" class="mw-redirect" title="China">China</a> dan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Even" title="Bahasa Even">Even</a> (Lamut) di bagian timur <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a></li></ul> <p>Berikut ini adalah bahasa yang dapat dianggap dialek terkait atau bahasa Evenki: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Oroqen" title="Bahasa Oroqen">Oroqen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Negidal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Negidal (halaman belum tersedia)">Negidal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Solon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Solon (halaman belum tersedia)">Solon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Manegir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Manegir (halaman belum tersedia)">Manegir</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Tungus_Selatan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rumpun bahasa Tungus Selatan (halaman belum tersedia)">Rumpun bahasa Tungus Selatan</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Tungus_Tenggara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Tungus Tenggara (halaman belum tersedia)">Tungus Tenggara</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nanai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Nanai (halaman belum tersedia)">Nanai</a> (Gold, Goldi, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hezhen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hezhen (halaman belum tersedia)">Hezhen</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Akani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Akani (halaman belum tersedia)">Akani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Birar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Birar (halaman belum tersedia)">Birar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Kile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Kile (halaman belum tersedia)">Kile</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Samagir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Samagir (halaman belum tersedia)">Samagir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Orok" title="Bahasa Orok">Orok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Ulch" title="Bahasa Ulch">Ulch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Oroch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Oroch (halaman belum tersedia)">Oroch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Udege&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Udege (halaman belum tersedia)">Udege</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Tungus_Barat_Daya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Tungus Barat Daya (halaman belum tersedia)">Bahasa Tungus Barat Daya</a> (atau grup Jurchen-Manchu) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Manchu" title="Bahasa Manchu">Manchu</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Manchuria" title="Manchuria">Manchuria</a>, bahasa <a href="/wiki/Manchu" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchu">Manchu</a> yang mendirikan <a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Qing" title="Dinasti Qing">Dinasti Qing</a>, Cina.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Xibe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Xibe (halaman belum tersedia)">Sibe</a>: dipakai di <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a>, daerah otonom oleh keturunan suku Manchuria yang dikirim oleh Dinasti Qing ke Xinjiang sebagai garnisun militer.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Jurchen" title="Bahasa Jurchen">Jurchen</a>: bahasa yang sudah punah <a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Jin_(1115-1234)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinasti Jin (1115-1234)">Dinasti Jin</a>, Cina.</li></ul></li></ul> <p>Jurchen-Manchu (Jurchen dan Manchu adalah tahap yang berbeda dari bahasa yang sama; sebenarnya, ethnonym "Manchu" belum muncul sampai sekitar tahun 1636 ketika Kaisar <a href="/wiki/Huang_Taiji" title="Huang Taiji">Hong Taiji</a> memutuskan bahwa istilah tersebut akan menggantikan "Jurchen") adalah satu-satunya bahasa Tungus dengan bentuk sastra (di dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naskah_Jurchen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naskah Jurchen (halaman belum tersedia)">naskah Jurchen</a> dan kemudian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet_Manch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfabet Manch (halaman belum tersedia)">alfabet Manch</a>) yang bertanggal paling sedikit dari pertengahan sampai akhir abad ke-12; seperti itu merupakan bahasa yang sangat penting untuk rekonstruksi Proto-Tungus. </p><p>Yang tertua dan salah satu yang terpenting di dalam teks yang masih ada di Jurchen adalah ukiran di belakang "Prasasti Peringatan Kemenangan Jin" (<i>Da Jin deshengtuo songbei</i>), yang didirikan pada tahun 1185, selama masa pemerintahan <a href="/wiki/Kaisar_Shizong_dari_Jin" title="Kaisar Shizong dari Jin">Dading</a> periode (1161–1189). Tampaknya merupakan terjemahan singkat dari teks Cina di depan prasasti.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Karakteristik_Umum">Karakteristik Umum</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Tungus&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Karakteristik Umum" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Tungus&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Karakteristik Umum"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bahasa Tungus merupakan tipe analisis <a href="/wiki/Aglutinatif" class="mw-redirect" title="Aglutinatif">aglutinatif</a>, dan beberapa dari mereka memiliki sistem yang kompleks dan pola kalimat bahasa yang rumit dan aspek tata bahasa menandai. Mereka juga menunjukkan pola yang kompleks pada pola harmoni berdasarkan parameter vokal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hubungan_dengan_bahasa_lain">Hubungan dengan bahasa lain</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Tungus&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Hubungan dengan bahasa lain" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Tungus&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Hubungan dengan bahasa lain"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bahasa Tungus secara tradisional dihubungkan dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Turkis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Turkis (halaman belum tersedia)">Bahasa Turkis</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Mongol" title="Bahasa Mongol">Bahasa Mongol</a> di dalam <a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Altai" title="Rumpun bahasa Altai">rumpun bahasa Altai</a>. Yang lainnya menyatakan bahwa bahasa Tungusik mungkin berhubungan dengan bahasa (kemungkinan sebagai kelompok <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paraphyletik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paraphyletik (halaman belum tersedia)">paraphyletik</a>) ke <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Korea" title="Bahasa Korea">Korea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Jepang" title="Bahasa Jepang">Jepang</a>, atau <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Ainu" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Ainu">Ainu</a> juga. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_Pula">Lihat Pula</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Tungus&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat Pula" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Tungus&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat Pula"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Altai" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Altai">Bahasa Altai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_mati" title="Bahasa mati">Bahasa mati</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Tungus&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Tungus&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Catatan">Catatan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Tungus&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Catatan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Tungus&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Catatan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Glottolog-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Glottolog_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, ed. (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/{{{glotto}}}">"Tungus"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog 4.8</a></i>. Jena, Jerman: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tungus&rft.btitle=Glottolog+4.8&rft.place=Jena%2C+Jerman&rft.pub=Max+Planck+Institute+for+the+Science+of+Human+History&rft.date=2023&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglottolog.org%2Fresource%2Flanguoid%2Fid%2F%7B%7B%7Bglotto%7D%7D%7D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARumpun+bahasa+Tungus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Tampilkan editors (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Tampilkan_editors" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Tampilkan editors">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tillman, Hoyt Cleveland, and Stephen H. West. <i>China Under Jurchen Rule: Essays on Chin Intellectual and Cultural History</i>. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995, pp. 228–229. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0791422747" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7914-2274-7</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=RWXGlb_9GAEC">Partial text</a> on Google Books.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Referensi_Umum">Referensi Umum</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Tungus&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi Umum" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Tungus&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi Umum"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Kane, Daniel. <i>The Sino-Jurchen Vocabulary of the Bureau of Interpreters</i>. Indiana University Uralic and Altaic Series, Volume 153. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, 1989. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0933070233" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-933070-23-3</a>.</li> <li>Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_family.asp?subid=7-16">"Altaic"</a> in <i>Ethnologue: Languages of the World</i>, Sixteenth edition. Dallas, Tex.: SIL International, 2009. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9781556712166" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-55671-216-6</a>.</li> <li>Miller, Roy Andrew. <i>Japanese and the Other Altaic Languages</i>. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1971.</li> <li>Poppe, Nicholas. <i>Vergleichende Grammatik der Altaischen Sprachen</i> [A Comparative Grammar of the Altaic Languages]. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1960.</li> <li>Tsintsius, Vera I. <i>Sravnitel'naya Fonetika Tunguso-Man'chzhurskikh Yazïkov</i> [Comparative Phonetics of the Manchu-Tungus Languages]. Leningrad, 1949.</li> <li>Stefan Georg. "Unreclassifying Tungusic", in: Carsten Naeher (ed.): <i>Proceedings of the First International Conference on Manchu-Tungus Studies (Bonn, August 28 – September 1, 2000), Volume 2: Trends in Tungusic and Siberian Linguistics</i>, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 45-57</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bacaan_Selanjutnya">Bacaan Selanjutnya</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Tungus&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Bacaan Selanjutnya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Tungus&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bacaan Selanjutnya"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation encyclopaedia"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Vovin" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Vovin">Vovin, Alexander</a> (2009) [2006]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=F2SRqDzB50wC&pg=PA1103">"Tungusic Languages"</a>. Dalam Keith Brown, Sarah Ogilvie. <i>Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World</i> (edisi ke-1st). Amsterdam and Boston: Elsevier. hlm. 1103–1105. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780080877747" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9780080877747">9780080877747</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/264358379">264358379</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tungusic+Languages&rft.btitle=Concise+Encyclopedia+of+Languages+of+the+World&rft.place=Amsterdam+and+Boston&rft.pages=1103-1105&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F264358379&rft.isbn=9780080877747&rft.aulast=Vovin&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DF2SRqDzB50wC%26pg%3DPA1103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARumpun+bahasa+Tungus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Menggunakan parameter penyunting (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Menggunakan_parameter_penyunting" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Menggunakan parameter penyunting">link</a>) </span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Tungus&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Tungus&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://multitree.linguistlist.org/codes/tung">The LINGUIST List MultiTree Project: Tungusic Family Tree</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_mati" title="Wikipedia:Pranala mati"><span title=" pranala nonaktif sejak Mei 2021">pranala nonaktif permanen</span></a></i>]</span></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://altaica.narod.ru/Engl.htm">Monumenta Altaica</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716142555/http://altaica.narod.ru/Engl.htm">Diarsipkan</a> 2011-07-16 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.—Altaic Linguistics. Grammars, Texts, Dictionaries, Bibliographies of Mongolian and other Altaic languages</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dartmouth.edu/~trg/languages/preface.html">Tungusic Research Group</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121006081839/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~trg/languages/preface.html">Diarsipkan</a> 2012-10-06 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. at <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth College</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Spanyol" lang="Spanyol">(Spanyol)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.proel.org/mundo/manchu.htm">Tungusic languages</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kaltric.de/mat/matlingu/even">Vergleich der Reziproken des Ewenischen mit verwandten Sprachen</a></li></ul> <div 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.navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Rumpun_bahasa_Tungus" title="Templat:Rumpun bahasa Tungus"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Rumpun_bahasa_Tungus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Rumpun bahasa Tungus (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Rumpun_bahasa_Tungus&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rumpun_bahasa_Tungus" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rumpun bahasa Tungus</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Utara<br />(Ewenik)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Even</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Even" title="Bahasa Even">Even</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Evenki</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Evenki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Evenki (halaman belum tersedia)">Evenki</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Kili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Kili (halaman belum tersedia)">Kili</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Negidal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Negidal (halaman belum tersedia)">Negidal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Oroqen" title="Bahasa Oroqen">Oroqen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Udegheik</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Oroch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Oroch (halaman belum tersedia)">Oroch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Udege&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Udege (halaman belum tersedia)">Udege</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Selatan<br />(Jurchenik-Nanaik)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Jurchenik</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Jurchen" title="Bahasa Jurchen">Jurchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Manchu" title="Bahasa Manchu">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Xibe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Xibe (halaman belum tersedia)">Xibe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Bala_(Tiongkok)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Bala (Tiongkok) (halaman belum tersedia)">Bala</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Nanaik</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nanai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Nanai (halaman belum tersedia)">Nanai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Orok" title="Bahasa Orok">Orok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Ulch" title="Bahasa Ulch">Ulch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34230#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34230#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengawasan_otoritas" title="Bantuan:Pengawasan otoritas">Pengawasan otoritas</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34230#identifiers" title="Sunting ini di Wikidata"><img alt="Sunting ini di Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Umum</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4107316-2">Integrated Authority File (Jerman)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perpustakaan nasional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX544755">Spanyol</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11942242n">Prancis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11942242n">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000173798&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lain-lain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1158930/">Faceted Application of Subject Terminology</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUDOC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SUDOC (identifier)">SUDOC (Prancis)</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02736481X">1</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div 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