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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Modified Arabic script for writing Rohingya</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="padding:0.25em; background:palegreen;">Rohingya Arabic Alphabet<br /><div style="font-weight:normal"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1009643411">.mw-parser-output .script-Rohg{font-family:"Noto Sans Hanifi Rohingya"}</style><span class="script-Rohg">𐴌𐴟𐴇𐴥𐴝𐴚𐴒𐴙𐴝 𐴀𐴝𐴌𐴡𐴁𐴞 𐴓𐴠𐴑𐴤𐴝</span><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227789315">.mw-parser-output .script-arabic{font-family:"Scheherazade New","SF Arabic",Amiri,"Noto Naskh Arabic","Droid Arabic Naskh","Noto Sans Arabic","Sakkal Majalla","Harmattan","Arabic Typesetting","Arabic Transparent","Times New Roman",Arial,Calibri,"Microsoft Sans Serif","Segoe UI",serif,sans-serif;font-weight:normal}</style><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">رُحَ࣪ڠۡگَ࣪ࢬ عَرࣤبِي لࣦكَ࣪</span>‎<br />Ruáingga Arobi leká</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Script type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Abjad" title="Abjad">Abjad</a> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Time period</div></th><td class="infobox-data">c. 19 c. to the present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Direction</th><td class="infobox-data">Right-to-left</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rohingya_language" title="Rohingya language">Rohingya</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Related scripts</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Parent systems</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding-top:0.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic_script" title="Proto-Sinaitic script">Proto-Sinaitic</a><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Aramaic</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Nabataean_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Nabataean alphabet">Nabataean</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_alphabet" title="Arabic alphabet">Arabic</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Persian_alphabet" title="Persian alphabet">Perso-Arabic</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Urdu_alphabet" title="Urdu alphabet">Urdu</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>Rohingya Arabic Alphabet</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;"><span style="font-size:90%"> This article contains <b><a href="/wiki/Phonetic_transcription" title="Phonetic transcription">phonetic transcriptions</a> in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA)</b>. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>. For the distinction between <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ /</span> and ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"> </span>⟩, see <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Brackets_and_transcription_delimiters" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters</a>.</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Rohingya Arabic Alphabet</b> is a modified <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic script</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Rohingya_language" title="Rohingya language">Rohingya language</a>. Rohingya today is written in three scripts, <a href="/wiki/Hanifi_Rohingya_script" title="Hanifi Rohingya script">Hanifi Rohingya script</a>, Arabic (Rohingya Fonna) Alphabet, and Latin (Rohingyalish). Rohingya was first written in the 19th century with a version of the <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Perso-Arabic script</a>. In 1975, an orthographic Arabic script was developed and approved by the community leaders, based on the <a href="/wiki/Urdu_alphabet" title="Urdu alphabet">Urdu alphabet</a> but with unique innovations to make the script suitable to Rohingya.<sup id="cite_ref-proposal_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proposal-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pandey_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pandey-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1980s, <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Hanif_(scholar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad Hanif (scholar)">Mohammad Hanif</a> and his colleagues created the suitable <a href="/wiki/Phonetic_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Phonetic script">phonetic script</a> based on Arabic letters; the <a href="/wiki/Hanifi_Rohingya_script" title="Hanifi Rohingya script">Hanifi Rohingya script</a>; it has been compared to the <a href="/wiki/N%E2%80%99ko" class="mw-redirect" title="N’ko">N’ko</a> script. This script has gained popularity among Rohingya speakers, challenging the position of Arabic script, and presenting itself as a uniquely Rohingya script. </p><p>Nevertheless, as most Rohingya children attend Arabic and Quranic classes and are intimately familiar with the <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic script</a>, Rohingya Arabic script remains suitable and relevant for Rohingya language. Tests that have been conducted suggest that this script can be learned in a matter of hours if the reader has learned Arabic in a <a href="/wiki/Madrassa" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrassa">madrassa</a>. </p><p>One of the most significant advocates of Rohingya Arabic script has been <a href="/wiki/Kyaw_Hla_Aung" title="Kyaw Hla Aung">Kyaw Hla Aung</a>, a world-renowned Rohingya lawyer and civil rights activist.<sup id="cite_ref-proposal_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proposal-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the most important features of Rohingya Arabic Alphabet, a feature which makes this script unique among other adaptions of the Arabic script, is tone markers. Another feature of Rohingya Arabic script is that unlike its parent systems, <a href="/wiki/Persian_alphabet" title="Persian alphabet">Persian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Urdu_alphabet" title="Urdu alphabet">Urdu</a>, vowel diacritics are essential for writing in Rohingya. Whereas Persian and Urdu use three diacritics (rarely written) as well as three letters to represent their 6 vowel sounds, Rohingya has been modified to eliminate the reliance on such a dual system, instead solely relying on diacritics. In doing so, 3 new diacritics have been introduced to Rohingya, which are <i>"curly"</i> versions of the three existing diacritics. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alphabet">Alphabet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rohingya_Arabic_Alphabet&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Alphabet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Letters">Letters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rohingya_Arabic_Alphabet&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Letters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rohingya Arabic script consists of 40 letters, of which 36 are from its parent systems, Arabic, Persian, and Urdu alphabets. 4 are new characters unique to Rohingya. These new consonants represent consonants that undergo <a href="/wiki/Fusion_(phonetics)" title="Fusion (phonetics)">fusion</a> with a consonant preceding them. 10 of these letters are exclusively used in writing of loanwords from Arabic or from European languages.<sup id="cite_ref-proposal_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proposal-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fonna_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fonna-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Letters in yellow boxes are solely used in loanwords. Letters in green boxes are uniquely Rohingya. </p><p><br /> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <caption>Primary Letters of Rohingya Arabic Alphabet </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Name </th> <th colspan="4">Forms </th> <th rowspan="2">Sound represented </th> <th rowspan="2">Latin equivalent </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hanifi_Rohingya_script" title="Hanifi Rohingya script">Hanifi</a> equivalent </th> <th rowspan="2">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <th>Isolated </th> <th>Final </th> <th>Medial </th> <th>Initial </th></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴀𐴝𐴓𐴞𐴉</span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">اَلِف</span>‎<br />alif </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ا</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـا</span>‎</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʔ/</span> </td> <td>- </td> <td><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴀</span></span> </td> <td>Pronounced as /ʔ/. Acts as a carrier of vowel diacritic in the beginning of words that start with a vowel sound </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴁𐴠</span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">بࣦ</span>‎<br />be </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ب</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـب</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـبـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">بـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/b/</span> </td> <td>b </td> <td><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴁</span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴂𐴠</span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">پࣦ</span>‎<br />pe </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">پ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـپ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـپـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">پـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/p/</span> </td> <td>p </td> <td><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴂</span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴃𐴠</span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">تࣦ</span>‎<br />te </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ت</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـت</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـتـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">تـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/t/</span> </td> <td>t </td> <td><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴃</span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴄𐴝</span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ٹَ</span>‎<br />tha </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ٹ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـٹ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـٹـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ٹـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʈ/</span> </td> <td>th </td> <td><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴄</span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#FFEFD5"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴃𐴃𐴠</span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ثࣦ</span>‎<br />tse </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ث</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـث</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـثـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ثـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ts<span class="wrap"> </span>~<span class="wrap"> </span>θ/</span> </td> <td>ts </td> <td><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴃𐴃</span></span> </td> <td>Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴅𐴞𐴔</span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">جِيۡم</span>‎<br />jim </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ج</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـج</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـجـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">جـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɟ/</span> </td> <td>j </td> <td><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴅</span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴆𐴞𐴔</span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">چِيۡم</span>‎<br />chim </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">چ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـچ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـچـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">چـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/c/</span> </td> <td>ch </td> <td><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴆</span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴇𐴠</span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">حࣦ</span>‎<br />he </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ح</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـح</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـحـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">حـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/h/</span> </td> <td>h </td> <td><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴇</span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴈𐴠</span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">خࣦ</span>‎<br />khe </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">خ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـخ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـخـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">خـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/h<span class="wrap"> </span>~<span class="wrap"> </span>x/</span> </td> <td>h, kh </td> <td><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴈</span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴊𐴝𐴓</span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">دَل</span>‎<br />dal </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">د</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـد</span>‎</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/d/</span> </td> <td>d </td> <td><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴊</span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴋𐴝𐴓</span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ڈَل</span>‎<br />dhal </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ڈ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـڈ</span>‎</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɖ/</span> </td> <td>dh </td> <td><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴋</span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#FFEFD5"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴎𐴝𐴓</span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ذَل</span>‎<br />zal </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ذ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـذ</span>‎</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/z/</span> </td> <td>z </td> <td><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴎</span></span> </td> <td>Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴌𐴠</span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">رࣦ</span>‎<br />re </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ر</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـر</span>‎</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɾ/</span> </td> <td>r </td> <td><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴌</span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#d0dead"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">بࣤٹِࢬ رࣦ</span>‎<br />bottya re </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ࢪ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـࢪ</span>‎</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɽ/</span> </td> <td>r </td> <td><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴌</span></span> </td> <td>Unique to Rohingya.<br />Cannot occur at beginning of words.<br />Inextricably merged as a single sound with the preceding consonant when pronounced.<br /> Example: <b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ٹࣦلِ࣭گَ࣪ࢪفۡ</span>‎</b> (teligráf, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴃𐴠𐴓𐴞𐴒𐴝𐴌𐴝𐴉𐴢</span>) <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̪ɛ.lɪ.ˈgɾɑf]</span> <i>(meaning telegraph)</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴍𐴝</span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ڑَ</span>‎<br />ça </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ڑ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـڑ</span>‎</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɽ/</span> </td> <td>ç </td> <td><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴍</span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴎𐴠</span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">زࣦ</span>‎<br />ze </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ز</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـز</span>‎</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/z/</span> </td> <td>z </td> <td><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴎</span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴏𐴞𐴕</span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">سِين</span>‎<br />sin </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">س</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـس</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـسـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">سـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/s/</span> </td> <td>s </td> <td><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴏</span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴐𐴞𐴕</span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">شِين</span>‎<br />cin </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ش</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـش</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـشـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">شـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʃ/</span> </td> <td>c </td> <td><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴐</span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#FFEFD5"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴏𐴝𐴊</span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">صَد</span>‎<br />sad </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ص</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـص</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـصـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">صـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/s/</span> </td> <td>s </td> <td><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴏</span></span> </td> <td>Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#FFEFD5"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴊𐴝𐴊</span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ضَد</span>‎<br />dad </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ض</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـض</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـضـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ضـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/d/</span> </td> <td>d </td> <td><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴊</span></span> </td> <td>Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#FFEFD5"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴃𐴝𐴀𐴠</span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">طَاࣦ</span>‎<br />tae </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ط</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـط</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـطـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">طـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/t/</span> </td> <td>t </td> <td><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴃</span></span> </td> <td>Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#FFEFD5"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴎𐴝𐴀𐴠</span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ظَاࣦ</span>‎<br />zae </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ظ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـظ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـظـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ظـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/t/</span> </td> <td>z </td> <td><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴎</span></span> </td> <td>Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#FFEFD5"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴀𐴠𐴕</span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">عࣦين</span>‎<br />en </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ع</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـع</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـعـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">عـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʔ/</span> </td> <td>- </td> <td><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴀</span></span> </td> <td>Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#FFEFD5"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴒𐴠𐴕</span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">غࣦين</span>‎<br />gen </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">غ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـغ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـغـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">غـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">//g<span class="wrap"> </span>~<span class="wrap"> </span>ɣ/</span> </td> <td>g </td> <td><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴒</span></span> </td> <td>Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#d0dead"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴚𐴝</span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ڠَ</span>‎<br />nga </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ڠ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـڠ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـڠـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td>- </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ŋ/</span> </td> <td>ng </td> <td><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴚</span></span> </td> <td>Also found in <a href="/wiki/Jawi_script" title="Jawi script">Jawi script</a>.<br />Cannot occur at beginning of words. </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴉𐴝</span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">فَ</span>‎<br />fa </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ف</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـف</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـفـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">فـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/f/</span> </td> <td>f </td> <td><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴉</span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#FFEFD5"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴜𐴝</span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ڤَ</span>‎<br />va </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ڤ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـڤ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـڤـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ڤـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/v/</span> </td> <td>v </td> <td><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴜</span></span> </td> <td>Only used in loanwords of European origin </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#FFEFD5"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴑𐴝𐴝</span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">قَف</span>‎<br />kaf </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ق</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـق</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـقـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">قـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/k<span class="wrap"> </span>~<span class="wrap"> </span>q/</span> </td> <td>k </td> <td><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴑</span></span> </td> <td>Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴑𐴝𐴝</span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">كَف</span>‎<br />kaf </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ك</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـك</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـكـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">كـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/k/</span> </td> <td>k </td> <td><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴑</span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴒𐴝𐴝</span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">گَف</span>‎<br />gaf </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">گ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـگ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـگـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">گـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/g/</span> </td> <td>g </td> <td><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴒</span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴓𐴝𐴔</span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">لَم</span>‎<br />lam </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ل</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـل</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـلـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">لـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span> </td> <td>l </td> <td><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴓</span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴔𐴞𐴔</span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">مِيم</span>‎<br />mim </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">م</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـم</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـمـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">مـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/m/</span> </td> <td>m </td> <td><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴔</span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴕𐴟𐴕</span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">نُون</span>‎<br />nun </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ن</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـن</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـنـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">نـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/n<span class="wrap"> </span>~<span class="wrap"> </span>ɳ/</span> </td> <td>n </td> <td><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴕</span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">شۤ࣪نۡزُكۡ نَگَ نُون</span>‎<br />cóñzuk naga nun </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ں</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـں</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـنـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td>- </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/◌̃/</span> </td> <td>ñ </td> <td><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴕</span></span> </td> <td>Cannot occur at beginning of words.<br />Alternatively, postnasalized (double) vowel diacritics can be used. Example: <b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">شِ࣭يَ࣪اں</span>‎</b> (cíyañ, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴐𐴠𐴥𐴛𐴝</span>) <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʃĩ.ˈjã]</span> <i>(meaning horn, shofar)</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴖𐴢𐴖</span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">وَاو</span>‎<br />vav </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">و</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـو</span>‎</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʋ,<span class="wrap"> </span>v/</span> </td> <td>v </td> <td><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴖</span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#d0dead"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">بࣤٹِࢬ وَاو</span>‎<br />bottya vav </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ࢫ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـࢫ</span>‎</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/w/</span> </td> <td>w </td> <td><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴖</span></span> </td> <td>Unique to Rohingya.<br />Inextricably merged as a single sound with the preceding consonant when pronounced. Example: <b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">تࣤلَّࢫ</span>‎</b> (tollwa, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴃𐴡𐴓𐴧𐴗𐴝</span>) <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈt̪ɑl.lu͡ɑ]</span> <i>(meaning dependent)</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴇𐴠</span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">هࣦ</span>‎<br />he </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ه</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـه</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـهـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">هـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/h/</span> </td> <td>h </td> <td><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴇</span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴘𐴝</span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">يَ</span>‎<br />ya </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ي</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـي</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـيـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">يـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td>/j/ </td> <td>y </td> <td><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴘</span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#d0dead"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">بࣤٹِࢬ يَ</span>‎<br />bottya ya </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ࢬ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـࢬ</span>‎</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/j/</span> </td> <td>y </td> <td><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴘</span></span> </td> <td>Unique to Rohingya.<br />Does not come after letters with no medial form (non-joinders, such as د, ر, و)<br />Inextricably merged as a single sound with the preceding consonant when pronounced. Example: <b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">رُحَ࣪ڠۡگَ࣪ࢬ </span>‎</b> (Ruáingga, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴓𐴠𐴑𐴤𐴝</span>) <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈɾo.ɪŋ.ˌgʲa]</span> <i>(meaning Rohingya)</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vowel_Diacritics">Vowel Diacritics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rohingya_Arabic_Alphabet&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Vowel Diacritics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The purpose of vowel diacritics in an <a href="/wiki/Abjad" title="Abjad">Abjad</a> script is to give vowels to each consonants. Unlike parent system, <a href="/wiki/Persian_alphabet" title="Persian alphabet">Persian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Urdu_alphabet" title="Urdu alphabet">Urdu</a>, Rohingya cannot be written or read without diacritics. The shape and position of diacritic is very important. There are 7 diacritics in Rohingya Arabic Alphabet, which include the <a href="/wiki/Arabic_diacritics#Sukūn" title="Arabic diacritics">Sukun diacritic</a> (zero-vowel), the <a href="/wiki/Arabic_diacritics#Harakat_(short_vowel_marks)" title="Arabic diacritics">3 diacritics</a> inherited from Arabic, representing sounds /a/, /i/, and /u/, as well as three new diacritics unique to Rohingya, representing vowel sounds /ɔ~ɑ/, /e/, and /o/. All of these diacritics represent short vowel sounds. </p><p>6 <a href="/wiki/Nunation" title="Nunation">Tanween</a> (double) diacrictics are also used to represent the post-nasalized versions of the 6 vowel sounds. Alternatively, a "ں‎, ـں‎, ـنـ" (dotless "n") can be used as well. </p><p><i>Tashdid</i> (◌ّ) diacritic is used for <a href="/wiki/Gemination" title="Gemination">gemination</a> (doubling of consonant). </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>Vowel diacritics in Rohingya Arabic Alphabet </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="7">Short Vowels</th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <th>-a</th> <th>-o</th> <th>-i</th> <th>-e</th> <th>-u</th> <th>-ou </th> <th rowspan="2">Sukun<br />(Zero-vowel) </th> <th>Tashdid<br />(Gemination) </th></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">ـ𐴝</span></span> </th> <th><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">ـ𐴡</span></span> </th> <th><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">ـ𐴞</span></span> </th> <th><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">ـ𐴠</span></span> </th> <th><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">ـ𐴟</span></span> </th> <th><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">ـ𐴡</span></span> </th> <th><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">◌𐴧</span></span> </th></tr> <tr dir="rtl"> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">◌َ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">◌ࣤ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">◌ِ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">◌ࣦ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">◌ُ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">◌ࣥ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">◌ۡ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">◌ّ</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="8">Postnasalized Vowels </th></tr> <tr dir="rtl"> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">◌ً</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">◌ࣤ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">◌ٍ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">◌ࣦ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">◌ࣱ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">◌ࣨ</span>‎</span> </td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>When a syllable starts with a vowel, be it the first syllable of the word, or a syllable in the middle of the word, the letter <i>alif</i> is used as vowel carrier. Examples include: </p> <ul><li><b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">اَكُوَشَّ</span>‎</b> (akuaicca, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴀𐴝𐴑𐴟𐴖𐴝𐴙𐴐𐴧𐴝</span>) <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɑ.ku.ˈwəʃ.ˌʃʲə]</span> <i>(meaning inconvenient, difficult)</i></li> <li><b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">بࣦاَرَمۡ</span>‎</b> (biaram, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴁𐴞𐴘𐴝𐴌𐴝𐴔</span>) <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈbi.jɑ.ɾɑm]</span> <i>(meaning illness)</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tone_markers">Tone markers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rohingya_Arabic_Alphabet&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Tone markers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rohingya is a <a href="/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)" title="Tone (linguistics)">tonal language</a>. Historically Arabic script has been adopted and used by many tonal languages, examples include <a href="/wiki/Xiao%27erjing" title="Xiao'erjing">Xiao'erjing</a> for <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin Chinese</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Ajami_script" title="Ajami script">Ajami script</a> adopted for writing various languages of Western Africa. However, one of the shortcomings of Arabic, especially in comparison to Latin-derived scrips or other indigenous writing systems was that Arabic did not have a way of indicating tones. </p><p>However, in the adoption of the Arabic Script for <a href="/wiki/Rohingya_language" title="Rohingya language">Rohingya language</a>, in a unique modification, tone markers have been introduced to the Arabic script. Three (3) tone markers have been developed and are used in Rohingya.<sup id="cite_ref-proposal_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proposal-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pandey_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pandey-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tone markers act as "modifiers" of vowel diacritics. In simpler words, they are "diacritics for the diacritics". They are written "outside" of the word, meaning that they are written above the vowel diacritic if the diacritic is written above the word, and they are written below the diacritic if the diacritic is written below the word. They are only ever written where there are vowel diacritics. This is important to note, as without the diacritic present, there is no way to distinguish between tone markers and <i>I‘jām</i> i.e. dots that are used for purpose of phonetic distinctions of consonants. </p> <div style="float:left;margin:0;margin-right:1em;border:1px solid #eee;padding:0.3em;font-size:180%;line-height:1.5;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">◌࣪ / ◌࣭</span>‎</div><p> The <b>Hārbāy</b> (represented with diacritic <span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">◌𐴤</span></span> in <a href="/wiki/Hanifi_Rohingya_script" title="Hanifi Rohingya script">Hanifi script</a>, and with an <a href="/wiki/Acute_accent" title="Acute accent">acute accent</a> ◌́/<i>á</i> in Latin): a single dot that's placed on top of <i>Fatḥah</i> and <i>Ḍammah</i>, or <i>curly Fatḥah</i> and <i>curly Ḍammah</i> (vowel diacritics unique to Rohinghya), or their respective <i>Fatḥatan</i> and <i>Ḍammatan</i> versions, and it's placed underneath <i>Kasrah</i> or <i>curly Kasrah</i>, or their respective <i>Kasratan</i> version. (e.g. <span style="font-size:130%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">دً࣪ / دٌ࣪ / دࣨ࣪ / دٍ࣭</span>‎</span>) This tone marker indicates a <a href="/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)" title="Tone (linguistics)">short high tone</a> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/˥/</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-proposal_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proposal-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pandey_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pandey-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div style="float:left;margin:0;margin-right:1em;border:1px solid #eee;padding:0.3em;font-size:180%;line-height:1.5;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">◌࣫ / ◌࣮</span>‎</div><p> The <b>Ṭelā</b> (represented with diacritic <span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">◌𐴥</span></span> in <a href="/wiki/Hanifi_Rohingya_script" title="Hanifi Rohingya script">Hanifi script</a>, and with double vowels with <a href="/wiki/Acute_accent" title="Acute accent">acute accent</a> on the first; ◌́◌/<i>áa</i> in Latin):, is two dots that are placed on top of <i>Fatḥah</i> and <i>Ḍammah</i>, or <i>curly Fatḥah</i> and <i>curly Ḍammah</i>, or their respective <i>Fatḥatan</i> and <i>Ḍammatan</i> versions, and it's placed underneath <i>Kasrah</i> or <i>curly Kasrah</i>, or their respective <i>Kasratan</i> version. (e.g. <span style="font-size:130%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">دَ࣫ / دُ࣫ / دِ࣮</span>‎</span>) This tone marker indicates a <a href="/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)" title="Tone (linguistics)">long falling tone</a> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/˥˩/</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-proposal_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proposal-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pandey_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pandey-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div style="float:left;margin:0;margin-right:1em;border:1px solid #eee;padding:0.3em;font-size:180%;line-height:1.5;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">◌࣬ / ◌࣯</span>‎</div><p> The <b>Ṭāna</b> (represented with diacritic <span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">◌𐴦</span></span> in <a href="/wiki/Hanifi_Rohingya_script" title="Hanifi Rohingya script">Hanifi script</a>, and with double vowels with <a href="/wiki/Acute_accent" title="Acute accent">acute accent</a> on the first; ◌◌́/<i>aá</i> in Latin), is a fish-like looping line that is placed on top of <i>Fatḥah</i> and <i>Ḍammah</i>, or <i>curly Fatḥah</i> and <i>curly Ḍammah</i>, or their respective <i>Fatḥatan</i> and <i>Ḍammatan</i> versions, and it's placed underneath <i>Kasrah</i> or <i>curly Kasrah</i>, or their respective <i>Kasratan</i> version. (e.g. <span style="font-size:130%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">دࣤ࣬ / دࣥ࣬ / دࣦ࣯</span>‎</span>) This tone marker indicates a <a href="/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)" title="Tone (linguistics)">long rising tone</a> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/˨˦/</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-proposal_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proposal-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pandey_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pandey-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diacritic_Chart">Diacritic Chart</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rohingya_Arabic_Alphabet&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Diacritic Chart"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6">Vowel at the beginning of syllable </th></tr> <tr> <th>A</th> <th>O</th> <th>I</th> <th>E</th> <th>U</th> <th>Ou </th></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴀𐴝</span></span> </th> <th><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴀𐴡</span></span> </th> <th><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴀𐴞</span></span> </th> <th><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴀𐴠</span></span> </th> <th><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴀𐴟</span></span> </th> <th><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴀𐴡</span></span> </th></tr> <tr dir="rtl"> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">اَ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">اࣤ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">اِ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">اࣦ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">اُ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">اࣥ</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="6">Vowel following a consonant, no tone </th></tr> <tr> <th>Sa</th> <th>So</th> <th>Si</th> <th>Se</th> <th>Su</th> <th>Sou </th></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴏𐴝</span></span> </th> <th><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴏𐴡</span></span> </th> <th><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴏𐴞</span></span> </th> <th><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴏𐴠</span></span> </th> <th><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴏𐴟</span></span> </th> <th><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴏𐴡</span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">سَـ / سَ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">سࣤـ / سࣤ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">سِـ / سِ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">سࣦـ / سࣦ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">سُـ / سُ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">سࣥـ / سࣥ</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="6">Vowel following a consonant, Short high tone <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)" title="Tone (linguistics)">˥</a>/</span> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Sá</th> <th>Sό</th> <th>Sí</th> <th>Sé</th> <th>Sú</th> <th>Sόu </th></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴏𐴝𐴤</span></span> </th> <th><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴏𐴡𐴤</span></span> </th> <th><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴏𐴞𐴤</span></span> </th> <th><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴏𐴠𐴤</span></span> </th> <th><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴏𐴟𐴤</span></span> </th> <th><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴏𐴡𐴤</span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">سَ࣪ـ / سَ࣪</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">سࣤ࣪ـ / سࣤ࣪</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">سِ࣭ـ / سِ࣭</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">سࣦ࣭ـ / سࣦ࣭</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">سُ࣪ـ / سُ࣪</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">سࣥ࣪ـ / سࣥ࣪</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="6">Vowel following a consonant, Long falling tone <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)" title="Tone (linguistics)">˥˩</a>/</span> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Sáa</th> <th>Sόo</th> <th>Síi</th> <th>Sée</th> <th>Súu</th> <th>Sόou </th></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴏𐴝𐴥</span></span> </th> <th><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴏𐴡𐴥</span></span> </th> <th><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴏𐴞𐴥</span></span> </th> <th><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴏𐴠𐴥</span></span> </th> <th><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴏𐴟𐴥</span></span> </th> <th><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴏𐴡𐴥</span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">سَ࣫ـ / سَ࣫</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">سࣤ࣫ـ / سࣤ࣫</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">سِ࣮ـ / سِ࣮</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">سࣦ࣮ـ / سࣦ࣮</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">سُ࣫ـ / سُ࣫</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">سࣥ࣫ـ / سࣥ࣫</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="6">Vowel following a consonant, Long rising tone <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)" title="Tone (linguistics)">˨˦</a>/</span> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Saá</th> <th>Soό</th> <th>Sií</th> <th>Seé</th> <th>Suú</th> <th>Soόu </th></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴏𐴝𐴦</span></span> </th> <th><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴏𐴡𐴦</span></span> </th> <th><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴏𐴞𐴦</span></span> </th> <th><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴏𐴠𐴦</span></span> </th> <th><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴏𐴟𐴦</span></span> </th> <th><span style="font-size:120%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴏𐴡𐴦</span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">سَ࣬ـ / سَ࣬</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">سࣤ࣬ـ / سࣤ࣬</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">سِ࣯ـ / سِ࣯</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">سࣦ࣯ـ / سࣦ࣯</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">سُ࣬ـ / سُ࣬</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">سࣥ࣬ـ / سࣥ࣬</span>‎</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sample_text">Sample text</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rohingya_Arabic_Alphabet&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sample text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Rohingya_Arabic_Alphabet" title="Special:EditPage/Rohingya Arabic Alphabet">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The following is a sample text in Rohingya of Article 1 of the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Universal Declaration of Human Rights">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a> with English, contrasted with versions of the text in Bengali and Assamese. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Rohingya in Rohingya Arabic Script </th> <td dir="rtl"><span title="Rohingya-language text"><span lang="rhg-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">مَنُ࣪شۡ بࣦگُّ࣪نۡ اَزَدۡ حِ࣭سَفࣦ، اَرۡ عِزّࣤتۡ اَرۡدࣦ حࣤ࣪قۡ اࣤ࣪كّࣤلۡ اࣤ࣪تۡ، فُ࣪وَ࣪نَّ࣪ࢬ حِ࣭سَفࣦ فࣤيۡدَ اࣤ࣪يّࣦ۔ فࣤتِّ اِنۡسَ࣪نۡ اࣤ࣪تُّ هࣤنࣤ࣪ فࣤرࣤ࣪كۡ سَ࣪رَ࣪ عࣦلَنۡ اࣤتۡ اَسࣦ࣭دࣦ تَمَ࣪مۡ حࣤ࣪قۡ اࣤ࣪كّࣤلۡ اَرۡدࣦ اَزَدِ اࣤ࣪كّࣤلۡ لࣤيۡ فَ࣫يۡدَ࣪ گࣤرࣤ࣫نۡ اࣤ࣪رۡ حࣤ࣪قۡ اَسࣦ࣭۔ اَرۡ، تَرَ࣪رࣦ࣭ دِلۡ اَرۡدࣦ دࣦمَكۡ دِيࣦ࣭۔ اࣤ࣪تࣤ࣪لَّ، تَرَ࣪تُّ࣪ اࣦك زࣤنۡ لࣤيۡ اَرۡ اࣦكۡزࣤنۡ بَ࣪يۡ حِ࣭سَفࣦ مَامَلَ گࣤرࣤ࣫نۡ سَ࣬۔</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Rohingya in Hanifi Script </th> <td dir="rtl"><span title="Rohingya-language text"><span lang="rhg-Rohg" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">𐴔𐴝𐴕𐴟𐴤𐴞𐴐 𐴁𐴠𐴒𐴧𐴟𐴤𐴕 𐴝𐴎𐴝𐴊 𐴇𐴞𐴤𐴏𐴝𐴉𐴠,. 𐴝𐴌 𐴞𐴎𐴧𐴡𐴃𐴝𐴌𐴊𐴠 𐴇𐴡𐴤𐴑 𐴡𐴤𐴑𐴧𐴡𐴓 𐴡𐴤𐴃, 𐴉𐴟𐴤𐴝𐴞𐴕𐴧𐴝 𐴇𐴞𐴤𐴏𐴝𐴉𐴠 𐴉𐴡𐴞𐴊𐴝 𐴡𐴤𐴞𐴘𐴠. 𐴉𐴡𐴃𐴧𐴞𐴤 𐴞𐴕𐴏𐴝𐴤𐴕 𐴡𐴤𐴃𐴧𐴟 𐴇𐴡𐴕𐴡𐴤 𐴉𐴡𐴌𐴡𐴤𐴑. 𐴏𐴝𐴤𐴌𐴝 𐴠𐴓𐴝𐴕 𐴡𐴃 𐴀𐴏𐴠𐴤𐴊𐴠 𐴃𐴝𐴔𐴝𐴤𐴔 𐴇𐴡𐴤𐴑 𐴡𐴤𐴑𐴧𐴡𐴓 𐴝𐴌𐴊𐴠 𐴝𐴎𐴝𐴊𐴞 𐴡𐴤𐴑𐴧𐴡𐴓 𐴓𐴡𐴞 𐴉𐴝𐴥𐴞𐴊𐴝 𐴒𐴡𐴌𐴡𐴥𐴕 𐴡𐴤𐴌 𐴇𐴡𐴤𐴑 𐴝𐴌, 𐴃𐴝𐴌𐴝𐴤𐴌𐴠, 𐴊𐴞𐴓 𐴝𐴌𐴊𐴠 𐴊𐴠𐴔𐴝𐴑 𐴊𐴞𐴘𐴠𐴤. 𐴡𐴤𐴃𐴡𐴓𐴧𐴝, 𐴃𐴝𐴌𐴝𐴤𐴃𐴧𐴟 𐴠𐴑𐴎𐴡𐴕 𐴓𐴡𐴞. 𐴝𐴌𐴠𐴑𐴎𐴡𐴕 𐴁𐴝𐴤𐴞 𐴇𐴞𐴤𐴏𐴝𐴉𐴠 𐴔𐴝𐴧𐴔𐴠𐴓𐴝 𐴒𐴡𐴌𐴡𐴥𐴕 𐴏𐴝𐴦.</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Rohingya in Rohingya Latin alphabet </th> <td><span title="Rohingya-language text"><i lang="rhg-Latn">Manúic beggún azad hísafe, ar izzot arde hók ókkol ót, fúainna hísafe foida óiye. Fottí insán óttu honó forók sára elan ot aséde tamám hók ókkol arde azadi ókkol loi fáaida goróon ór hók asé. Ar, taráre dil arde demak diyé. Ótolla, taráttu ekzon loi arekzon bái hísafe maamela goróon saá.</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>English </th> <td>All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rohingya_Arabic_Alphabet&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-proposal-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-proposal_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-proposal_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-proposal_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-proposal_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-proposal_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-proposal_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-proposal_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPriestHoskenSIL_International2010" class="citation web cs1">Priest, Lorna A; Hosken, Martin; <a href="/wiki/SIL_International" title="SIL International">SIL International</a> (12 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n3882.pdf">"<i>Proposal to add Arabic script characters for African and Asian languages</i>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. pp. 13–18, 34–37.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Proposal+to+add+Arabic+script+characters+for+African+and+Asian+languages&rft.pages=13-18%2C+34-37&rft.date=2010-08-12&rft.aulast=Priest&rft.aufirst=Lorna+A&rft.au=Hosken%2C+Martin&rft.au=SIL+International&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dkuug.dk%2Fjtc1%2Fsc2%2Fwg2%2Fdocs%2Fn3882.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARohingya+Arabic+Alphabet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pandey-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pandey_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pandey_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pandey_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pandey_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pandey_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPandey2012" class="citation web cs1">Pandey, Anshuman (20 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unicode.org/L2/L2012/12214-rohingya.pdf">"Preliminary Proposal to Encode the Rohingya Script"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Expanding Unicode</i>. Anshuman Pandey<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Expanding+Unicode&rft.atitle=Preliminary+Proposal+to+Encode+the+Rohingya+Script&rft.date=2012-06-20&rft.aulast=Pandey&rft.aufirst=Anshuman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funicode.org%2FL2%2FL2012%2F12214-rohingya.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARohingya+Arabic+Alphabet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fonna-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fonna_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Muhammad Ibrahim, (2013) Rohingya Text Book I. رُحَ࣪ڠۡگِ࣭ࢬ فࣤنَّ࣪رۡ كِتَفۡ لࣤمۡبࣤ࣪رۡ (١), Published by Rohingya fonna</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wolfram Siegel (2022-02-19) <i>Rohingya Scripts</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omniglot.com/charts/rohingya.pdf">https://omniglot.com/charts/rohingya.pdf</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rohingya_Arabic_Alphabet&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Tri-orthographic dictionary application <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.bengalcreativemedia.rhg.rohingya">Google Playstore</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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title="Avar language">Avar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_alphabet" title="Azerbaijani alphabet">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Arabic_alphabet" title="Belarusian Arabic alphabet">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_language#Alphabets" title="Chechen language">Chechen</a></li> <li>Circassian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adyghe_language#Other_writing_systems" title="Adyghe language">Adyghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabardian_language#Orthography" title="Kabardian language">Kabardian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_alphabet" title="Crimean Tatar alphabet">Crimean Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobrujan_Tatar_alphabet" title="Dobrujan Tatar alphabet">Dobrujan Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Aljamiado" title="Greek Aljamiado">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karachay-Balkar" title="Karachay-Balkar">Karachay-Balkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_alphabets" title="Kazakh alphabets">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumyk_language" title="Kumyk language">Kumyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lak_language#Writing_Comparison_Table" title="Lak language">Lak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish_alphabet" title="Ottoman Turkish alphabet">Ottoman Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arebica" title="Arebica">Serbo-Croatian</a></li> <li>Tatar (<a href="/wiki/%C4%B0ske_iml%C3%A2_alphabet" title="İske imlâ alphabet">İske imlâ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%C3%B1a_iml%C3%A2_alphabet" title="Yaña imlâ alphabet">Yaña imlâ</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_alphabet" title="Arabic alphabet">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_alphabet" title="Azerbaijani alphabet">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochi_Standard_Alphabet" title="Balochi Standard Alphabet">Balochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buri_Wolio" title="Buri Wolio">Buri Wolio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burushaski#Writing_system" title="Burushaski">Burushaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_Jawi" title="Cham Jawi">Cham Jawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawi_script" title="Jawi script">Jawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_language#Writing_system" title="Kashmiri language">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_alphabets" title="Kazakh alphabets">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khowar_alphabet" title="Khowar alphabet">Khowar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_alphabets" title="Kurdish alphabets">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_alphabets" title="Kyrgyz alphabets">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabi_Malayalam_script" title="Arabi Malayalam script">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish_alphabet" title="Ottoman Turkish alphabet">Ottoman Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marwari_language" title="Marwari language">Marwari (Rajasthani)</a></li> <li>Pamir (<a href="/wiki/Munji_language" title="Munji language">Munjani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarikoli_language" title="Sarikoli language">Sarikoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shughni_language" title="Shughni language">Shughni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakhi_language" title="Wakhi language">Wakhi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkari_Koli_language" title="Parkari Koli language">Parkari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashto_alphabet" title="Pashto alphabet">Pashto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegon_script" title="Pegon script">Pegon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_alphabet" title="Persian alphabet">Persian</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rohingya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraiki_alphabet" title="Saraiki alphabet">Saraiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language#Writing_system" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahmukhi" title="Shahmukhi">Shahmukhi</a></li> <li>Shina <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shina_language#Orthography" title="Shina language">Gilgiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohistani_Shina#Alphabet" title="Kohistani Shina">Kohistani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tausug_language" title="Tausug language">Sulat Sug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arwi" title="Arwi">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torwali_language#Alphabet" title="Torwali language">Torwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_alphabet" title="Turkmen alphabet">Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdu_alphabet" title="Urdu alphabet">Urdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Arabic_alphabet" title="Uyghur Arabic alphabet">Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_alphabet" title="Uzbek alphabet">Uzbek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiao%27erjing" title="Xiao'erjing">Xiao'erjing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_Afrikaans" title="Arabic Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berber_Arabic_alphabet" title="Berber Arabic alphabet">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comorian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Comorian language">Comorain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fula_alphabets" title="Fula alphabets">Fula Ajami</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adamawa_Fulfulde#Orthography" title="Adamawa Fulfulde">Adamawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagirmi_Fulfulde#Orthography" title="Bagirmi Fulfulde">Bagirmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Fulfulde" title="Nigerian Fulfulde">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pular_language#Writing" title="Pular language">Fuuta Jalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulaar_language#Orthography" title="Pulaar language">Fuuta Tooro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maasina_Fulfulde#Orthography" title="Maasina Fulfulde">Maasina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushi_language" title="Bushi language">Kibushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hausa_Ajami" title="Hausa Ajami">Hausa Ajami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanembu_language" title="Kanembu language">Kanembu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maba_language" title="Maba language">Maba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer_language#Writing_system" title="Serer language">Serer Ajami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maore_dialect" title="Maore dialect">Shimaore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songhay_languages" title="Songhay languages">Songhay</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Humburi_Senni_language" title="Humburi Senni language">Humburi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koyra_Chiini_language" title="Koyra Chiini language">Koyra Chiini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koyraboro_Senni" title="Koyraboro Senni">Koyraboro Senni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarma_language" title="Zarma language">Zarma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorabe_alphabet" title="Sorabe alphabet">Sorabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuareg_languages" title="Tuareg languages">Tuareg</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Tamajeq_language" title="Air Tamajeq language">Air Tamajeq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawellemmet_language" title="Tawellemmet language">Tawellemmet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swahili_Ajami" title="Swahili Ajami">Swahili Ajami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadaad%27s_writing" title="Wadaad's writing">Wadaad's</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Somali_language" title="Somali language">Somali</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolofal_alphabet" title="Wolofal alphabet">Wolof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anjemi" title="Anjemi">Yoruba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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