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id="toc-Life_and_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1915–1929:_Childhood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1915–1929:_Childhood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>1915–1929: Childhood</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1915–1929:_Childhood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1929–1935:_Early_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1929–1935:_Early_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>1929–1935: Early career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1929–1935:_Early_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1935–1938:_Recordings_with_Teddy_Wilson" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1935–1938:_Recordings_with_Teddy_Wilson"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>1935–1938: Recordings with Teddy Wilson</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1935–1938:_Recordings_with_Teddy_Wilson-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1937–1938:_Working_for_Count_Basie_and_Artie_Shaw" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1937–1938:_Working_for_Count_Basie_and_Artie_Shaw"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>1937–1938: Working for Count Basie and Artie Shaw</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1937–1938:_Working_for_Count_Basie_and_Artie_Shaw-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1939:_"Strange_Fruit"_and_Commodore_Records" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1939:_"Strange_Fruit"_and_Commodore_Records"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>1939: "Strange Fruit" and Commodore Records</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1939:_"Strange_Fruit"_and_Commodore_Records-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1940–1947:_Commercial_success" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1940–1947:_Commercial_success"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>1940–1947: Commercial success</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1940–1947:_Commercial_success-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1947–1952:_Legal_issues_and_Carnegie_Hall_concert" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1947–1952:_Legal_issues_and_Carnegie_Hall_concert"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>1947–1952: Legal issues and Carnegie Hall concert</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1947–1952:_Legal_issues_and_Carnegie_Hall_concert-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1952–1959:_Lady_Sings_the_Blues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1952–1959:_Lady_Sings_the_Blues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>1952–1959: <i>Lady Sings the Blues</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1952–1959:_Lady_Sings_the_Blues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Illness_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Illness_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Illness and death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Illness_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artistry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artistry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Artistry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artistry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Films_and_plays_about_Holiday" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Films_and_plays_about_Holiday"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Films and plays about Holiday</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Films_and_plays_about_Holiday-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Discography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Discography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Discography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Discography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hit_records" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hit_records"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Hit records</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hit_records-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Studio_LPs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Studio_LPs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Studio LPs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Studio_LPs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filmography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filmography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Filmography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Filmography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Theatrical_films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theatrical_films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Theatrical films</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theatrical_films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television_appearances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television_appearances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Television appearances</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television_appearances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>General references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Billie Holiday</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 73 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-73" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">73 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Billie Holiday" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Billie Holiday" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="بيلي هوليدي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بيلي هوليدي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Billie Holiday" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Billie Holiday" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="بیلی هالیدی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بیلی هالیدی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Били Холидей – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Били Холидей" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Billie Holiday" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Billie Holiday" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Billie Holiday" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Billie Holiday" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Billie Holiday" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Billie Holiday" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Billie Holiday" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Billie Holiday" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Billie Holiday" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B9_%CE%A7%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%8A" title="Μπίλι Χόλιντεϊ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπίλι Χόλιντεϊ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Billie Holiday" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Billie Holiday" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Billie Holiday" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="بیلی هالیدی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بیلی هالیدی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Billie Holiday" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Billie Holiday" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Billie Holiday" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Billie Holiday" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%8C%EB%A6%AC_%ED%99%80%EB%A6%AC%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4" title="빌리 홀리데이 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="빌리 홀리데이" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AC%D5%AB_%D5%80%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%B5" title="Բիլլի Հոլիդեյ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բիլլի Հոլիդեյ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Billie Holiday" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Billie Holiday" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Billie Holiday" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Billie Holiday" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Billie Holiday" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99%D7%99" title="בילי הולידיי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בילי הולידיי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%98" title="ბილი ჰოლიდეი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბილი ჰოლიდეი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Billie Holiday" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Billie Holiday" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilija_Holideja" title="Bilija Holideja – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bilija Holideja" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Billie Holiday" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Billie Holiday" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Billie Holiday" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%98" title="Били Холидеј – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Били Холидеј" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%89_%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%89" title="بيلى هوليدى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بيلى هوليدى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Billie Holiday" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Billie Holiday" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%93%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9B%E3%83%AA%E3%83%87%E3%82%A4" title="ビリー・ホリデイ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ビリー・ホリデイ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Billie Holiday" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Billie Holiday" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Billie Holiday" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%87" title="ਬਿਲੀ ਹਾਲੀਡੇ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਿਲੀ ਹਾਲੀਡੇ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C_%DB%81%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%92" title="بلی ہالیڈے – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بلی ہالیڈے" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Billie Holiday" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Billie Holiday" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Billie Holiday" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Billie Holiday" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Billie Holiday" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Билли Холидей – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Билли Холидей" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Billie Holiday" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Billie Holiday" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Billie Holiday" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%98" title="Били Холидеј – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Били Холидеј" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Billie Holiday" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Billie Holiday" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Billie Holiday" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Billie Holiday" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5_%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="บิลลี ฮอลิเดย์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บิลลี ฮอลิเดย์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Billie Holiday" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%96_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Біллі Голідей – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Біллі Голідей" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C_%DB%81%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%92" title="بلی ہولیڈے – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بلی ہولیڈے" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Billie Holiday" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E8%8E%89%C2%B7%E8%8D%B7%E8%8E%89%E6%88%B4" title="比莉·荷莉戴 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="比莉·荷莉戴" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Billie Holiday" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E4%BD%95%E5%88%A9%E7%AC%AC" title="比利·何利第 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="比利·何利第" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E8%8E%89%C2%B7%E8%8D%B7%E8%8E%89%E6%88%B4" title="比莉·荷莉戴 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="比莉·荷莉戴" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q104358#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the singer. For her self-titled 1954 album, see <a href="/wiki/Billie_Holiday_(album)" title="Billie Holiday (album)">Billie Holiday (album)</a>. For the 1959 album originally titled <i>Billie Holiday</i>, see <a href="/wiki/Last_Recording" title="Last Recording">Last Recording</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Billie Holiday</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Billie_Holiday_and_Mister,_Downbeat,_New_York,_N.Y.,_ca._Feb._1947_(LOC,_5020400274,_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Portrait_of_Billie_Holiday_and_Mister%2C_Downbeat%2C_New_York%2C_N.Y.%2C_ca._Feb._1947_%28LOC%2C_5020400274%2C_cropped%29.jpg/220px-Portrait_of_Billie_Holiday_and_Mister%2C_Downbeat%2C_New_York%2C_N.Y.%2C_ca._Feb._1947_%28LOC%2C_5020400274%2C_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Portrait_of_Billie_Holiday_and_Mister%2C_Downbeat%2C_New_York%2C_N.Y.%2C_ca._Feb._1947_%28LOC%2C_5020400274%2C_cropped%29.jpg/330px-Portrait_of_Billie_Holiday_and_Mister%2C_Downbeat%2C_New_York%2C_N.Y.%2C_ca._Feb._1947_%28LOC%2C_5020400274%2C_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Portrait_of_Billie_Holiday_and_Mister%2C_Downbeat%2C_New_York%2C_N.Y.%2C_ca._Feb._1947_%28LOC%2C_5020400274%2C_cropped%29.jpg/440px-Portrait_of_Billie_Holiday_and_Mister%2C_Downbeat%2C_New_York%2C_N.Y.%2C_ca._Feb._1947_%28LOC%2C_5020400274%2C_cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4512" data-file-height="5022" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Holiday with her dog, Mister <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1947</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Eleanora Fagan</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1915-04-07</span>)</span>April 7, 1915<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia, Pennsylvania">Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">July 17, 1959<span style="display:none">(1959-07-17)</span> (aged 44)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Raymond%27s_Cemetery_(Bronx)" title="Saint Raymond's Cemetery (Bronx)">Saint Raymond's Cemetery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Lady Day</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Singer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1930</span>–1959</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Jimmy Monroe</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1941; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1947)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Joe Guy</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1951; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1957)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Louis McKay</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1957)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Musical career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genres</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Swing_music" title="Swing music">swing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_pop" title="Traditional pop">traditional pop</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discography</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Billie_Holiday_discography" title="Billie Holiday discography">Billie Holiday discography</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Labels</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brunswick_Records" title="Brunswick Records">Brunswick</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vocalion_Records" title="Vocalion Records">Vocalion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Okeh_Records" title="Okeh Records">Okeh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bluebird_Records" title="Bluebird Records">Bluebird</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_Records" title="Commodore Records">Commodore</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Records" title="Capitol Records">Capitol</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Decca_Records" title="Decca Records">Decca</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Aladdin_Records" title="Aladdin Records">Aladdin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Verve_Records" title="Verve Records">Verve</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/MGM_Records" title="MGM Records">MGM</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://billieholiday.com">billieholiday<wbr />.com</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104358#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Musical artist</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Billie_Holiday_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Billie_Holiday_signature.svg/150px-Billie_Holiday_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Billie_Holiday_signature.svg/225px-Billie_Holiday_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Billie_Holiday_signature.svg/300px-Billie_Holiday_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="207" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Billie Holiday</b> (born <b>Eleanora Fagan</b>; April 7, 1915 – July 17, 1959) was an American <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swing_music" title="Swing music">swing music</a> singer. Nicknamed "<b>Lady Day</b>" by her friend and music partner, <a href="/wiki/Lester_Young" title="Lester Young">Lester Young</a>, Holiday made a significant contribution to jazz music and <a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop</a> singing. Her vocal style, strongly influenced by jazz instrumentalists, inspired a new way of manipulating <a href="/wiki/Phrase_(music)" title="Phrase (music)">phrasing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tempo" title="Tempo">tempo</a>. She was known for her vocal delivery and <a href="/wiki/Jazz_improvisation" title="Jazz improvisation">improvisational</a> skills.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOstendorf,_May1993201–202_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOstendorf,_May1993201–202-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After a turbulent childhood, Holiday began singing in nightclubs in <a href="/wiki/Harlem" title="Harlem">Harlem</a> where she was heard by producer <a href="/wiki/John_Hammond_(record_producer)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Hammond (record producer)">John Hammond</a>, who liked her voice. She signed a recording contract with <a href="/wiki/Brunswick_Records" title="Brunswick Records">Brunswick</a> in 1935. Her collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Teddy_Wilson" title="Teddy Wilson">Teddy Wilson</a> produced the hit "<a href="/wiki/What_a_Little_Moonlight_Can_Do" title="What a Little Moonlight Can Do">What a Little Moonlight Can Do</a>", which became a <a href="/wiki/Jazz_standard" title="Jazz standard">jazz standard</a>. Throughout the 1930s and 1940s, Holiday had mainstream success on labels such as <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Decca_Records" title="Decca Records">Decca</a>. By the late 1940s, however, she was beset with legal troubles and drug abuse. After a short prison sentence, she performed a sold-out concert at <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Hall" title="Carnegie Hall">Carnegie Hall</a>. She was a successful concert performer throughout the 1950s, with two further sold-out shows at Carnegie Hall. Because of personal struggles and an altered voice, her final recordings were met with mixed reaction, but were mild commercial successes. Her final album, <i><a href="/wiki/Lady_in_Satin" title="Lady in Satin">Lady in Satin</a></i>, was released in 1958. Holiday died of heart failure on July 17, 1959, at age 44. </p><p>Holiday won four <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Awards</a>, all of them posthumously, for Best Historical Album. She was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Hall_of_Fame" title="Grammy Hall of Fame">Grammy Hall of Fame</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_Blues_Music_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhythm and Blues Music Hall of Fame">National Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame</a>. In 2000, she was also inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Rock_%26_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock & Roll Hall of Fame">Rock & Roll Hall of Fame</a> as an early influence; their website states that "Billie Holiday changed jazz forever".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERock_&_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERock_&_Roll_Hall_of_Fame-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was named one of the <a href="/wiki/50_Great_Voices" title="50 Great Voices">50 Great Voices</a> by <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a> and was ranked fourth on the <i><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a></i> list of "200 Greatest Singers of All Time" (2023).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several films about her life have been released, most recently <i><a href="/wiki/The_United_States_vs._Billie_Holiday" title="The United States vs. Billie Holiday">The United States vs. Billie Holiday</a></i> (2021). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_and_career">Life and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billie_Holiday&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1915–1929:_Childhood"><span id="1915.E2.80.931929:_Childhood"></span>1915–1929: Childhood</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billie_Holiday&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1915–1929: Childhood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eleanora Fagan<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClarke,20029_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarke,20029-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"About_Billie_Holiday,"2002_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"About_Billie_Holiday,"2002-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was born on April 7, 1915,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Billie_Holiday_Biography"_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Billie_Holiday_Biography"-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> to <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African American</a> unwed teenage couple <a href="/wiki/Clarence_Holiday" title="Clarence Holiday">Clarence Halliday</a> and Sarah Julia "Sadie" Fagan (née Harris). Her mother moved to Philadelphia at age 19,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Meally,199164_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Meally,199164-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after she was evicted from her parents' home in the <a href="/wiki/Sandtown-Winchester,_Baltimore" title="Sandtown-Winchester, Baltimore">Sandtown-Winchester</a> neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, Maryland, for becoming pregnant. With no support from her parents, she made arrangements with her older, married half-sister, Eva Miller, for Holiday to stay with her in Baltimore. Not long after Holiday was born, her father abandoned his family to pursue a career as a jazz banjo player and guitarist.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDufour,199940–42_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDufour,199940–42-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some historians have disputed Holiday's paternity, as a copy of her birth certificate in the Baltimore archives lists her father as "Frank DeViese". Other historians consider this an anomaly, probably inserted by a hospital or government worker.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClarke,2002xiii_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarke,2002xiii-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> DeViese lived in Philadelphia, and Sadie, then known by her maiden name Harris, may have met him through her work. Harris married Philip Gough in 1920,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the marriage only lasted a few years.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Billie_Holiday_1917.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Billie_Holiday_1917.jpg/170px-Billie_Holiday_1917.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Billie_Holiday_1917.jpg/255px-Billie_Holiday_1917.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/Billie_Holiday_1917.jpg 2x" data-file-width="321" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Holiday, aged two, in 1917</figcaption></figure> <p>Holiday grew up in Baltimore and had a very difficult childhood. Her mother often took what were then known as "transportation jobs", serving on passenger railroads.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson,199521–22_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson,199521–22-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Holiday was raised largely by Eva Miller's mother-in-law, Martha Miller, and suffered from her mother's absences and being in others' care for her first decade of life.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson,199518–23_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson,199518–23-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Holiday's autobiography, <i><a href="/wiki/Lady_Sings_the_Blues_(book)" title="Lady Sings the Blues (book)">Lady Sings the Blues</a></i>, published in 1956, is inconsistent regarding details of her early life, but much was confirmed by <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Nicholson_(jazz_historian)" title="Stuart Nicholson (jazz historian)">Stuart Nicholson</a> in his 1995 biography of the singer.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Holiday frequently skipped school which resulted in her being brought before the juvenile court at age nine.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERipatrazone,_August_14,2018_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERipatrazone,_August_14,2018-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was sent to the House of the Good Shepherd, a Catholic <a href="/wiki/Reform_school" title="Reform school">reform school</a> for girls, where the nuns locked her in a room with a dead girl overnight as punishment for misbehavior. The experience traumatized her, and for years she would "dream about it and wake up hollering and screaming".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-book1956_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-book1956-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After nine months, she was released on October 3, 1925, to her mother. Sadie had opened a restaurant, the East Side Grill, and mother and daughter worked long hours there. She dropped out of school at age 11.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson,199522–24_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson,199522–24-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On December 24, 1926, Harris came home to discover a neighbor attempting to rape Holiday. She successfully fought back, and he was arrested. Officials sent Holiday to the House of the Good Shepherd under <a href="/wiki/Protective_custody" title="Protective custody">protective custody</a> as a state witness in the rape case.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson,199525_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson,199525-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Holiday was released in February 1927, when she was nearly 12. She found a job running errands in a <a href="/wiki/Brothel" title="Brothel">brothel</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson,199527_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson,199527-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and she scrubbed <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Baltimore#Marble_steps" title="Culture of Baltimore">marble steps</a> as well as kitchen and bathroom floors of neighborhood homes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEff,201363_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEff,201363-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around this time, she first heard the records of <a href="/wiki/Louis_Armstrong" title="Louis Armstrong">Louis Armstrong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bessie_Smith" title="Bessie Smith">Bessie Smith</a>. In particular, Holiday cited "<a href="/wiki/West_End_Blues" title="West End Blues">West End Blues</a>" as an intriguing influence, pointing specifically to the <a href="/wiki/Scat_singing" title="Scat singing">scat</a> section duet with the clarinet as her favorite part.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrothers,2014298_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrothers,2014298-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of 1928, Holiday's mother moved to Harlem, New York, again leaving Holiday with Martha Miller.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson,199531_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson,199531-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By early 1929, Holiday had joined her mother in Harlem.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1929–1935:_Early_career"><span id="1929.E2.80.931935:_Early_career"></span>1929–1935: Early career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billie_Holiday&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1929–1935: Early career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a young teenager, Holiday started singing in nightclubs in Harlem. She took her professional pseudonym from <a href="/wiki/Billie_Dove" title="Billie Dove">Billie Dove</a>, an actress she admired, and Clarence Halliday, her father. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoliday_&_Dufty,195613_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoliday_&_Dufty,195613-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the outset of her career, she spelled her last name "Halliday", her father's birth surname, but eventually changed it to "Holiday", his performing name. The young singer teamed up with a neighbor, <a href="/wiki/Tenor_saxophone" title="Tenor saxophone">tenor saxophone</a> player Kenneth Hollan. They were a team from 1929 to 1931, performing at clubs such as the Grey Dawn, <a href="/wiki/Pod%27s_and_Jerry%27s" title="Pod's and Jerry's">Pod's and Jerry's</a> on <a href="/wiki/133rd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="133rd Street (Manhattan)">133rd Street</a>, and the Brooklyn Elks Club. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson,199535–37_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson,199535–37-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVail,199632_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVail,199632-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Benny_Goodman" title="Benny Goodman">Benny Goodman</a> recalled hearing Holiday in 1931 at the Bright Spot. As her reputation grew, she played in many clubs, including the Mexico's and the <a href="/wiki/The_Harlem_Alhambra" title="The Harlem Alhambra">Alhambra</a> Bar and Grill, where she met Charles Linton, a vocalist who later worked with <a href="/wiki/Chick_Webb" title="Chick Webb">Chick Webb</a>. It was also during this period that she connected with her father, who was playing in <a href="/wiki/Fletcher_Henderson" title="Fletcher Henderson">Fletcher Henderson</a>'s band.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson,199535–39_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson,199535–39-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Late in 1932, 17-year-old Holiday replaced the singer <a href="/wiki/Monette_Moore" title="Monette Moore">Monette Moore</a> at Covan's, a club on West 132nd Street. Producer <a href="/wiki/John_Hammond_(record_producer)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Hammond (record producer)">John Hammond</a>, who loved Moore's singing and had come to hear her, first heard Holiday there in early 1933. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson,199539_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson,199539-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hammond arranged for Holiday to make her recording debut at age 18, in November 1933, with Benny Goodman. She recorded two songs: "<a href="/wiki/Your_Mother%27s_Son-In-Law" title="Your Mother's Son-In-Law">Your Mother's Son-In-Law</a>" and "Riffin' the Scotch", the latter being her first hit. "Son-in-Law" sold 300 copies, and "Riffin' the Scotch", released on November 11, sold 5,000 copies. Hammond was impressed by Holiday's singing style and said of her, "Her singing almost changed my music tastes and my musical life, because she was the first girl singer I'd come across who actually sang like an improvising jazz genius." Hammond compared Holiday favorably to Armstrong and said she had a good sense of lyric content at a young age. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGourse,200073_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGourse,200073-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1935, Holiday had a small role as a woman abused by her lover in <a href="/wiki/Duke_Ellington" title="Duke Ellington">Duke Ellington</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Musical_short" title="Musical short">musical short</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/Symphony_in_Black" title="Symphony in Black">Symphony in Black: A Rhapsody of Negro Life</a></i>. She sang "Saddest Tale" in her scene.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson,199556_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson,199556-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1935–1938:_Recordings_with_Teddy_Wilson"><span id="1935.E2.80.931938:_Recordings_with_Teddy_Wilson"></span>1935–1938: Recordings with Teddy Wilson</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billie_Holiday&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1935–1938: Recordings with Teddy Wilson"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1935, Holiday was signed to Brunswick by John Hammond to record pop tunes with pianist <a href="/wiki/Teddy_Wilson" title="Teddy Wilson">Teddy Wilson</a> in the swing style for the growing <a href="/wiki/Jukebox" title="Jukebox">jukebox</a> trade. They were allowed to <a href="/wiki/Musical_improvisation" title="Musical improvisation">improvise</a> on the material. Holiday's improvisation of melody to fit the emotion was highly skillful. Their first collaboration included "<a href="/wiki/What_a_Little_Moonlight_Can_Do" title="What a Little Moonlight Can Do">What a Little Moonlight Can Do</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Miss_Brown_to_You" title="Miss Brown to You">Miss Brown to You</a>". "What a Little Moonlight Can Do" has been deemed her "claim to fame".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBush,2003239–240_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBush,2003239–240-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brunswick did not favor the recording session because producers wanted Holiday to sound more like <a href="/wiki/Cleo_Brown" title="Cleo Brown">Cleo Brown</a>. However, after "What a Little Moonlight Can Do" was successful, the company began considering Holiday an artist in her own right.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson,199565_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson,199565-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She began recording under her own name a year later for <a href="/wiki/Vocalion_Records" title="Vocalion Records">Vocalion</a> in sessions produced by Hammond and <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Hanighen" title="Bernie Hanighen">Bernie Hanighen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENovaes,_"The_Composers"_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENovaes,_"The_Composers"-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hammond said the Wilson-Holiday records from 1935 to 1938 were a great asset to Brunswick. According to Hammond, Brunswick was broke and unable to record many jazz tunes. Wilson, Holiday, Young, and other musicians came into the studio without written arrangements, reducing the recording cost. Brunswick paid Holiday a flat fee rather than <a href="/wiki/Royalties" class="mw-redirect" title="Royalties">royalties</a>, which saved the company money. "<a href="/wiki/I_Cried_for_You" title="I Cried for You">I Cried for You</a>" sold 15,000 copies, which Hammond called "a giant hit for Brunswick.... Most records that made money sold around three to four thousand."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGourse,200073–74_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGourse,200073–74-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another frequent accompanist was tenor saxophonist <a href="/wiki/Lester_Young" title="Lester Young">Lester Young</a>, who had been a boarder at her mother's house in 1934 and with whom Holiday had a rapport. Young said, "I think you can hear that on some of the old records, you know. Some time I'd sit down and listen to 'em myself, and it sound like two of the same voices ... or the same mind, or something like that."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESheldon,2011334–350_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheldon,2011334–350-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Young nicknamed her "Lady Day", and she called him "Prez".<sup id="cite_ref-ladysingstheblues1956book_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ladysingstheblues1956book-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1937–1938:_Working_for_Count_Basie_and_Artie_Shaw"><span id="1937.E2.80.931938:_Working_for_Count_Basie_and_Artie_Shaw"></span>1937–1938: Working for Count Basie and Artie Shaw</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billie_Holiday&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1937–1938: Working for Count Basie and Artie Shaw"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In late 1937, Holiday had a brief stint as a big-band vocalist with <a href="/wiki/Count_Basie" title="Count Basie">Count Basie</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker,_November2002_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker,_November2002-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The traveling conditions of the band were often poor; they performed many one-nighters in clubs, moving from city to city with little stability. Holiday chose the songs she sang and had a hand in the arrangements, choosing to portray her developing persona of a woman unlucky in love. Her tunes included "I Must Have That Man", "Travelin' All Alone", "<a href="/wiki/I_Can%27t_Get_Started" title="I Can't Get Started">I Can't Get Started</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/Summertime_(George_Gershwin_song)" title="Summertime (George Gershwin song)">Summertime</a>", a hit for Holiday in 1936, originating in <a href="/wiki/George_Gershwin" title="George Gershwin">George Gershwin</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Porgy_and_Bess" title="Porgy and Bess">Porgy and Bess</a></i> the year before. Basie became used to Holiday's heavy involvement in the band. He said, "When she rehearsed with the band, it was really just a matter of getting her tunes like she wanted them, because she knew how she wanted to sound and you couldn't tell her what to do."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson,199593–94_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson,199593–94-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the songs Holiday performed with Basie were recorded. "I Can't Get Started", "<a href="/wiki/They_Can%27t_Take_That_Away_from_Me" title="They Can't Take That Away from Me">They Can't Take That Away from Me</a>", and "Swing It Brother Swing" are all commercially available.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENovaes,_"Live_Songs,"1937_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENovaes,_"Live_Songs,"1937-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Holiday was unable to record in the studio with Basie, but she included many of his musicians in her recording sessions with Teddy Wilson. </p><p>Holiday found herself in direct competition with the popular singer <a href="/wiki/Ella_Fitzgerald" title="Ella Fitzgerald">Ella Fitzgerald</a>. The two later became friends.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGourse,200040_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGourse,200040-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fitzgerald was the vocalist for the Chick Webb Band, which was in competition with the Basie band. On January 16, 1938, the same day that Benny Goodman performed <a href="/wiki/The_Famous_1938_Carnegie_Hall_Jazz_Concert" title="The Famous 1938 Carnegie Hall Jazz Concert">his legendary Carnegie Hall jazz concert</a>, the Basie and Webb bands had a battle at the <a href="/wiki/Savoy_Ballroom" title="Savoy Ballroom">Savoy Ballroom</a>. Webb and Fitzgerald were declared winners by <i><a href="/wiki/Metronome_(magazine)" title="Metronome (magazine)">Metronome</a></i> magazine, while <i><a href="/wiki/DownBeat" title="DownBeat">DownBeat</a></i> magazine pronounced Holiday and Basie the winners. Fitzgerald won a straw poll of the audience by a three-to-one margin. </p><p>By February 1938, Holiday was no longer singing for Basie. Various reasons have been given for why she was fired. <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Rushing" title="Jimmy Rushing">Jimmy Rushing</a>, Basie's male vocalist, called her unprofessional. According to <a href="/wiki/All_Music_Guide" class="mw-redirect" title="All Music Guide">All Music Guide</a>, Holiday was fired for being "temperamental and unreliable". She complained of low pay and poor working conditions and may have refused to sing the songs requested of her or change her style.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson,199596–97_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson,199596–97-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Holiday was hired by <a href="/wiki/Artie_Shaw" title="Artie Shaw">Artie Shaw</a> a month after being fired from the Count Basie Band. This association placed her among the first black women to work with a white orchestra, an unusual arrangement at that time. This was also the first time a black female singer employed full-time toured the <a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation_in_the_United_States" title="Racial segregation in the United States">segregated</a> U.S. South with a white bandleader. When Holiday faced racism, Shaw would often stick up for his vocalist. In her autobiography, Holiday describes an incident in which she was not permitted to sit on the bandstand with other vocalists because of racist policies. Shaw said to her, "I want you on the band stand like <a href="/wiki/Helen_Forrest" title="Helen Forrest">Helen Forrest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tony_Pastor_(bandleader)" title="Tony Pastor (bandleader)">Tony Pastor</a> and everyone else."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoliday_&_Dufty,195680_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoliday_&_Dufty,195680-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When touring the South, Holiday would sometimes be heckled by members of the audience. In <a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky">Louisville, Kentucky</a>, a man called her a "nigger wench" and requested she sing another song. Holiday lost her temper and had to be escorted off the stage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGourse,2000103–104_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGourse,2000103–104-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By March 1938, Shaw and Holiday had been broadcast on New York City's powerful radio station WABC (the original WABC, now <a href="/wiki/WCBS_(AM)" class="mw-redirect" title="WCBS (AM)">WCBS</a>). Because of their success, they were given an extra time slot to broadcast in April, which increased their exposure. The <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Amsterdam_News" title="New York Amsterdam News">New York Amsterdam News</a></i> reviewed the broadcasts and reported an improvement in Holiday's performance. <i>Metronome</i> reported that the addition of Holiday to Shaw's band put it in the "top brackets". Holiday could not sing as often during Shaw's shows as she could in Basie's; the repertoire was more instrumental, with fewer vocals. Shaw was also pressured to hire a white singer, Nita Bradley, with whom Holiday did not get along but had to share a bandstand. In May 1938, Shaw won band battles against <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Dorsey" title="Tommy Dorsey">Tommy Dorsey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Red_Norvo" title="Red Norvo">Red Norvo</a>, with the audience favoring Holiday. Although Shaw admired Holiday's singing in his band, saying she had a "remarkable ear" and a "remarkable sense of time", her tenure with the band was nearing an end.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson,1995100–107_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson,1995100–107-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 1938, Holiday was asked to use the service elevator at the <a href="/wiki/Hotel_Lincoln_(New_York_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotel Lincoln (New York City)">Lincoln Hotel</a> in New York City, instead of the one used by hotel guests, because white patrons of the hotels complained. This may have been the last straw for her. She left the band shortly after. Holiday spoke about the incident weeks later, saying, "I was never allowed to visit the bar or the dining room as did other members of the band ... [and] I was made to leave and enter through the kitchen." There are no surviving live recordings of Holiday with Shaw's band. Because she was under contract to a different record label and possibly because of her race, Holiday was able to make only one record with Shaw, "Any Old Time". However, Shaw played clarinet on four songs she recorded in New York on July 10, 1936: "Did I Remember?", "No Regrets", "Summertime" and "<a href="/wiki/Billie%27s_Blues" title="Billie's Blues">Billie's Blues</a>". </p><p>By the late 1930s, Holiday had toured with Count Basie and Artie Shaw, scored a string of radio and retail hits with Teddy Wilson, and became an established artist in the recording industry. Her songs "What a Little Moonlight Can Do" and "<a href="/wiki/Easy_Living_(song)" title="Easy Living (song)">Easy Living</a>" were imitated by singers across America and were quickly becoming <a href="/wiki/Jazz_standard" title="Jazz standard">jazz standards</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson,199570_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson,199570-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 1938, Holiday's single "<a href="/wiki/I%27m_Gonna_Lock_My_Heart_(And_Throw_Away_the_Key)" title="I'm Gonna Lock My Heart (And Throw Away the Key)">I'm Gonna Lock My Heart</a>" ranked sixth as the most-played song that month. Her record label, <a href="/wiki/Vocalion" class="mw-redirect" title="Vocalion">Vocalion</a>, listed the single as its fourth-best seller for the same month, and it peaked at number 2 on the pop charts, according to Joel Whitburn's <i>Pop Memories: 1890–1954</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson,1995102_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson,1995102-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1939:_"Strange_Fruit"_and_Commodore_Records"><span id="1939:_.22Strange_Fruit.22_and_Commodore_Records"></span>1939: "Strange Fruit" and Commodore Records</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billie_Holiday&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1939: "Strange Fruit" and Commodore Records"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Holiday was in the middle of recording for <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia</a> in the late 1930s when she was introduced to "<a href="/wiki/Strange_Fruit" title="Strange Fruit">Strange Fruit</a>", a song by <a href="/wiki/Abel_Meeropol" title="Abel Meeropol">Abel Meeropol</a> based on his poem about <a href="/wiki/Lynching" title="Lynching">lynching</a>. Meeropol, a Jewish schoolteacher from <a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">the Bronx</a>, used the pseudonym "Lewis Allan" for the poem, which was set to music and performed at teachers' union meetings.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMargolick,200025–27_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargolick,200025–27-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was eventually heard by Barney Josephson, the proprietor of <a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_Society" title="Café Society">Café Society</a>, an integrated nightclub in <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Village" title="Greenwich Village">Greenwich Village</a>, who introduced it to Holiday. She performed it at the club in 1939,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMargolick,200040–46_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargolick,200040–46-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with some trepidation, fearing possible retaliation. She later said that the imagery of the song reminded her of her father's death and that this played a role in her resistance to performing it. </p><p>For her performance of "Strange Fruit" at the Café Society, she had waiters silence the crowd when the song began. During the song's long introduction, the lights dimmed and all movement had to cease. As Holiday began singing, only a small spotlight illuminated her face. On the final note, all lights went out, and when they came back on, Holiday was gone.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson,1995113_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson,1995113-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Holiday said her father, <a href="/wiki/Clarence_Holiday" title="Clarence Holiday">Clarence Holiday</a>, was denied medical treatment for a fatal lung disorder because of racial prejudice, and that singing "Strange Fruit" reminded her of the incident. "It reminds me of how Pop died, but I have to keep singing it, not only because people ask for it, but because twenty years after Pop died the things that killed him are still happening in the South", she wrote in her autobiography.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoliday_&_Dufty,195695_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoliday_&_Dufty,195695-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Holiday's producers at Columbia found the subject matter too sensitive, <a href="/wiki/Milt_Gabler" title="Milt Gabler">Milt Gabler</a> agreed to record it for his <a href="/wiki/Commodore_Records" title="Commodore Records">Commodore Records</a> label on April 20, 1939. "Strange Fruit" remained in her repertoire for 20 years. She recorded it again for <a href="/wiki/Verve_Records" title="Verve Records">Verve</a>. The Commodore release did not get any airplay, but the controversial song sold well, though Gabler attributed that mostly to the record's other side, "<a href="/wiki/Fine_and_Mellow" title="Fine and Mellow">Fine and Mellow</a>", which was a jukebox hit.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClarke,2002169_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarke,2002169-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "The version I recorded for Commodore", Holiday said of "Strange Fruit", "became my biggest-selling record".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoliday_&_Dufty,195695_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoliday_&_Dufty,195695-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Strange Fruit" was the equivalent of a top-twenty hit in the 1930s. </p><p>Holiday's popularity increased after "Strange Fruit". She received a mention in <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)"><i>Time</i></a> magazine.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson,1995115_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson,1995115-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "I open Café Society as an unknown", Holiday said. "I left two years later as a star. I needed the prestige and publicity all right, but you can't pay rent with it." She soon demanded a raise from her manager, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Glaser" title="Joe Glaser">Joe Glaser</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoliday_&_Dufty,1956104–105_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoliday_&_Dufty,1956104–105-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Holiday returned to Commodore in 1944, recording songs she made with Teddy Wilson in the 1930s, including "<a href="/wiki/I_Cover_the_Waterfront_(song)" title="I Cover the Waterfront (song)">I Cover the Waterfront</a>", "<a href="/wiki/I%27ll_Get_By_(As_Long_as_I_Have_You)" title="I'll Get By (As Long as I Have You)">I'll Get By</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/He%27s_Funny_That_Way" class="mw-redirect" title="He's Funny That Way">He's Funny That Way</a>". She also recorded new songs that were popular at the time, including, "<a href="/wiki/My_Old_Flame" title="My Old Flame">My Old Flame</a>", "How Am I to Know?", "I'm Yours", and "<a href="/wiki/I%27ll_Be_Seeing_You_(song)" title="I'll Be Seeing You (song)">I'll Be Seeing You</a>", a number one hit for <a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby" title="Bing Crosby">Bing Crosby</a>. She also recorded her version of "<a href="/wiki/Embraceable_You" title="Embraceable You">Embraceable You</a>", which was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Hall_of_Fame" title="Grammy Hall of Fame">Grammy Hall of Fame</a> in 2005. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1940–1947:_Commercial_success"><span id="1940.E2.80.931947:_Commercial_success"></span>1940–1947: Commercial success</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billie_Holiday&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1940–1947: Commercial success"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Holiday's mother Sadie, nicknamed "The Duchess", opened a restaurant called Mom Holiday's. She used money from her daughter while playing dice with members of the Count Basie band, with whom she toured in the late 1930s. "It kept Mom busy and happy and stopped her from worrying and watching over me", Holiday said. Fagan began borrowing large amounts from Holiday to support the restaurant. Holiday obliged but soon fell on hard times herself. "I needed some money one night and I knew Mom was sure to have some", she said. "So I walked in the restaurant like a stockholder and asked. Mom turned me down flat. She wouldn't give me a cent." The two argued, and Holiday shouted angrily, "God bless the child that's got his own", and stormed out. With <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Herzog_Jr." title="Arthur Herzog Jr.">Arthur Herzog, Jr.</a>, a pianist, she wrote a song based on the lyric, "<a href="/wiki/God_Bless_the_Child_(Billie_Holiday_song)" title="God Bless the Child (Billie Holiday song)">God Bless the Child</a>", and added music.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoliday_&_Dufty,1956100–101_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoliday_&_Dufty,1956100–101-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "God Bless the Child" became Holiday's most popular and most covered record. It reached number 25 on the charts in 1941 and was third in <i><a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'s</span> songs of the year, selling over a million records.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Tsort.info'',_"Billie_Holiday"_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Tsort.info'',_"Billie_Holiday"-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Jazzstandards.com,''_"1940s"_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Jazzstandards.com,''_"1940s"-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1976, the song was added to the Grammy Hall of Fame.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Herzog claimed Holiday contributed only a few lines to the lyrics. He said she came up with the line "God bless the child" from a dinner conversation the two had had.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIndiana_Public_Media,_March_4,2006_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIndiana_Public_Media,_March_4,2006-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On June 12, 1942, in Los Angeles, Holiday recorded "<a href="/wiki/Trav%27lin%27_Light_(song)" title="Trav'lin' Light (song)">Trav'lin Light</a>" with <a href="/wiki/Paul_Whiteman" title="Paul Whiteman">Paul Whiteman</a> for a new label, <a href="/wiki/Capitol_Records" title="Capitol Records">Capitol Records</a>. Because she was under contract to Columbia, she used the pseudonym "Lady Day".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson,1995130_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson,1995130-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The song reached number 23 on the pop charts and number one on the <a href="/wiki/Hot_R%26B/Hip-Hop_Songs" title="Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs">R&B charts</a>, then called the Harlem Hit Parade.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Harlem_Hit_Parade",1942–1943_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Harlem_Hit_Parade",1942–1943-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On October 11, 1943, <i>Life</i> magazine wrote, "She has the most distinctive style of any popular vocalist, [and] is imitated by other vocalists."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Life'',_October_11,1943121_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Life'',_October_11,1943121-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Milt Gabler, in addition to owning Commodore Records, became an <a href="/wiki/Artists_and_repertoire" title="Artists and repertoire">A&R</a> man for <a href="/wiki/Decca_Records" title="Decca Records">Decca Records</a>. He signed Holiday to Decca on August 7, 1944, when she was 29.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENovaes,_"Studio_Songs,"1944_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENovaes,_"Studio_Songs,"1944-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her first Decca recording was "<a href="/wiki/Lover_Man_(Oh,_Where_Can_You_Be%3F)" title="Lover Man (Oh, Where Can You Be?)">Lover Man</a>" (number 16 Pop, number 5 R&B), one of her biggest hits. The success and distribution of the song made Holiday a staple in the pop community, leading to solo concerts, rare for jazz singers in the late 1940s. Gabler said, "I made Billie a real pop singer. That was right in her. Billie loved those songs."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson,1995150_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson,1995150-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jimmy Davis and <a href="/wiki/Ram_Ramirez" title="Ram Ramirez">Roger "Ram" Ramirez</a>, the song's writers, had tried to interest Holiday in the song.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson,1995122_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson,1995122-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1943, a flamboyant male <a href="/wiki/Torch_song" title="Torch song">torch singer</a>, Willie Dukes, began singing "Lover Man" on <a href="/wiki/52nd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="52nd Street (Manhattan)">52nd Street</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShaw,1971290_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShaw,1971290-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of his success, Holiday added it to her shows. The record's flip side was "<a href="/wiki/No_More_(1944_song)" title="No More (1944 song)">No More</a>", one of her favorites.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENovaes,_"Studio_Songs,"1944_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENovaes,_"Studio_Songs,"1944-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Holiday asked Gabler for <a href="/wiki/String_section" title="String section">strings</a> on the recording. Such arrangements were associated with <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a> and Ella Fitzgerald. "I went on my knees to him", Holiday said. "I didn't want to do it with the ordinary six pieces. I begged Milt and told him I had to have strings behind me."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoliday_&_Dufty,1956114_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoliday_&_Dufty,1956114-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On October 4, 1944, Holiday entered the studio to record "Lover Man", saw the string ensemble and walked out. The musical director, <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Camarata" title="Salvador Camarata">Toots Camarata</a>, said Holiday was overwhelmed with joy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Jazzstandards.com,''_"Lover_Man"_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Jazzstandards.com,''_"Lover_Man"-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She may also have wanted strings to avoid comparisons between her commercially successful early work with Teddy Wilson and everything produced afterwards. Her 1930s recordings with Wilson used a small jazz combo; recordings for Decca often involved strings.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Jazzstandards.com,''_"Lover_Man"_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Jazzstandards.com,''_"Lover_Man"-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A month later, in November, Holiday returned to Decca to record "<a href="/wiki/That_Ole_Devil_Called_Love" title="That Ole Devil Called Love">That Ole Devil Called Love</a>", "Big Stuff", and "<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Explain_(song)" title="Don't Explain (song)">Don't Explain</a>". She wrote "Don't Explain" after she caught her husband, Jimmy Monroe, with lipstick on his collar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlagna,200361_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlagna,200361-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Holiday did not make any more records until August 1945, when she recorded "Don't Explain" for a second time, changing the lyrics "I know you raise Cain" to "Just say you'll remain" and changing "You mixed with some dame" to "What is there to gain?" Other songs recorded were "Big Stuff", "<a href="/wiki/What_Is_This_Thing_Called_Love%3F" title="What Is This Thing Called Love?">What Is This Thing Called Love?</a>", and "You Better Go Now". Ella Fitzgerald named "You Better Go Now" her favorite recording of Holiday's.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENovaes,_"Studio_Songs,"1945_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENovaes,_"Studio_Songs,"1945-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Big Stuff" and "Don't Explain" were recorded again but with additional strings and a <a href="/wiki/Viola" title="Viola">viola</a>. In 1946, Holiday recorded "<a href="/wiki/Good_Morning_Heartache" title="Good Morning Heartache">Good Morning Heartache</a>". Although the song failed to chart, she sang it in live performances; three live recordings are known.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENovaes,_"Live_Songs,"1935_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENovaes,_"Live_Songs,"1935-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Billie_Holiday_and_Mister,_New_York,_N.Y.,_ca._June_1946_(William_P._Gottlieb_04271).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Billie_Holiday_and_Mister%2C_New_York%2C_N.Y.%2C_ca._June_1946_%28William_P._Gottlieb_04271%29.jpg/220px-Billie_Holiday_and_Mister%2C_New_York%2C_N.Y.%2C_ca._June_1946_%28William_P._Gottlieb_04271%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Billie_Holiday_and_Mister%2C_New_York%2C_N.Y.%2C_ca._June_1946_%28William_P._Gottlieb_04271%29.jpg/330px-Billie_Holiday_and_Mister%2C_New_York%2C_N.Y.%2C_ca._June_1946_%28William_P._Gottlieb_04271%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Billie_Holiday_and_Mister%2C_New_York%2C_N.Y.%2C_ca._June_1946_%28William_P._Gottlieb_04271%29.jpg/440px-Billie_Holiday_and_Mister%2C_New_York%2C_N.Y.%2C_ca._June_1946_%28William_P._Gottlieb_04271%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4833" data-file-height="3626" /></a><figcaption>Holiday and her dog Mister, New York, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1946</span></figcaption></figure> <p>In September 1946, Holiday began her only major film, <i><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_(1947_film)" title="New Orleans (1947 film)">New Orleans</a></i>, in which she starred opposite Louis Armstrong and <a href="/wiki/Woody_Herman" title="Woody Herman">Woody Herman</a>. Plagued by racism and <a href="/wiki/McCarthyism" title="McCarthyism">McCarthyism</a>, producer <a href="/wiki/Jules_Levey" title="Jules Levey">Jules Levey</a> and script writer <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Biberman" title="Herbert Biberman">Herbert Biberman</a> were pressed to lessen Holiday's and Armstrong's roles to avoid the impression that black people created jazz. The attempts failed because in 1947 Biberman was listed as one of the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_blacklist" title="Hollywood blacklist">Hollywood Ten</a> and sent to jail.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson,1995152–155_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson,1995152–155-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several scenes were deleted from the film. "They had taken miles of footage of music and scenes", Holiday said, but "none of it was left in the picture. And very damn little of me. I know I wore a white dress for a number I did... and that was cut out of the picture."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoliday_&_Dufty,1956136–140_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoliday_&_Dufty,1956136–140-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She recorded "The Blues Are Brewin'" for the film's soundtrack. Other songs included in the movie are "<a href="/wiki/Do_You_Know_What_It_Means_to_Miss_New_Orleans%3F" title="Do You Know What It Means to Miss New Orleans?">Do You Know What It Means to Miss New Orleans?</a>" and "Farewell to Storyville". Holiday's drug addictions were a problem on the set. She earned more than one thousand dollars per week from club ventures but spent most of it on <a href="/wiki/Heroin" title="Heroin">heroin</a>. Her lover, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Guy_(musician)" title="Joe Guy (musician)">Joe Guy</a>, traveled to Hollywood while Holiday was filming and supplied her with drugs. Guy was banned from the set when he was found there by Holiday's manager, Joe Glaser.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson,1995152–157_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson,1995152–157-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the late 1940s, Holiday had begun recording a number of slow, sentimental ballads. <i>Metronome</i> expressed its concerns in 1946 about "Good Morning Heartache", saying, "there's a danger that Billie's present formula will wear thin, but up to now it's wearing well."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson,1995113_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson,1995113-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Herald_Tribune" title="New York Herald Tribune">New York Herald Tribune</a></i> reported of a concert in 1946 that her performance had little variation in melody and no change in tempo.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson,1995151_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson,1995151-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1947–1952:_Legal_issues_and_Carnegie_Hall_concert"><span id="1947.E2.80.931952:_Legal_issues_and_Carnegie_Hall_concert"></span>1947–1952: Legal issues and Carnegie Hall concert</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billie_Holiday&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 1947–1952: Legal issues and Carnegie Hall concert"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By 1947, Holiday was at her commercial peak, having made $250,000 in the three previous years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoliday_&_Dufty,1956147–149_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoliday_&_Dufty,1956147–149-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was ranked second in the <i>DownBeat</i> poll for 1946 and 1947, her highest ranking in that poll.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson,1995155_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson,1995155-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was ranked fifth in <i>Billboard</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s annual college poll of "girl singers" on July 6, 1947 (<a href="/wiki/Jo_Stafford" title="Jo Stafford">Jo Stafford</a> was first). In 1946, Holiday won the <i>Metronome</i> magazine popularity poll.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChilton,197592–93_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChilton,197592–93-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Billie_Holiday_mug_shot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Billie_Holiday_mug_shot.jpg/170px-Billie_Holiday_mug_shot.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Billie_Holiday_mug_shot.jpg/255px-Billie_Holiday_mug_shot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Billie_Holiday_mug_shot.jpg/340px-Billie_Holiday_mug_shot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="574" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mug_shot" title="Mug shot">Mug shot</a> of Holiday after being arrested in 1947</figcaption></figure> <p>On May 16, 1947, Holiday was arrested for possession of <a href="/wiki/Narcotic" title="Narcotic">narcotics</a> in her New York apartment. On May 27, she was in court. "It was called 'The United States of America versus Billie Holiday'. And that's just the way it felt", she recalled.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoliday_&_Dufty,1956146_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoliday_&_Dufty,1956146-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the trial, she heard that her lawyer would not come to the trial to represent her. "In plain English, that meant no one in the world was interested in looking out for me," she said. Dehydrated and unable to hold down food, she pleaded guilty and asked to be sent to the hospital. The <a href="/wiki/District_attorney" title="District attorney">district attorney</a> spoke in her defense, saying, "If your honor please, this is a case of a drug addict, but more serious, however, than most of our cases, Miss Holiday is a professional entertainer and among the higher rank as far as income was concerned." She was sentenced to <a href="/wiki/Federal_Prison_Camp,_Alderson" title="Federal Prison Camp, Alderson">Alderson Federal Prison Camp</a> in West Virginia. The drug possession conviction caused her to lose her <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Cabaret_Card" title="New York City Cabaret Card">New York City Cabaret Card</a>, preventing her working anywhere that sold alcohol; thereafter, she performed in concert venues and theaters.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELahr,_December_20,2018_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELahr,_December_20,2018-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Billie_Holiday,_Downbeat,_New_York,_N.Y.,_ca._Feb._1947_(William_P._Gottlieb_04251).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Billie_Holiday%2C_Downbeat%2C_New_York%2C_N.Y.%2C_ca._Feb._1947_%28William_P._Gottlieb_04251%29.jpg/220px-Billie_Holiday%2C_Downbeat%2C_New_York%2C_N.Y.%2C_ca._Feb._1947_%28William_P._Gottlieb_04251%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Billie_Holiday%2C_Downbeat%2C_New_York%2C_N.Y.%2C_ca._Feb._1947_%28William_P._Gottlieb_04251%29.jpg/330px-Billie_Holiday%2C_Downbeat%2C_New_York%2C_N.Y.%2C_ca._Feb._1947_%28William_P._Gottlieb_04251%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Billie_Holiday%2C_Downbeat%2C_New_York%2C_N.Y.%2C_ca._Feb._1947_%28William_P._Gottlieb_04251%29.jpg/440px-Billie_Holiday%2C_Downbeat%2C_New_York%2C_N.Y.%2C_ca._Feb._1947_%28William_P._Gottlieb_04251%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4936" data-file-height="5152" /></a><figcaption>Holiday at the <a href="/wiki/Downbeat_Jazz_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Downbeat Jazz Club">Downbeat Jazz Club</a>, New York,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Guardian'',_May_3,2015_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Guardian'',_May_3,2015-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="nowrap">c. February 1947</span></figcaption></figure> <p>Holiday was released early (on March 16, 1948) because of good behavior. When she arrived at <a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark</a>, her pianist <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Tucker" title="Bobby Tucker">Bobby Tucker</a> and her dog Mister were waiting. The dog leaped at Holiday, knocking off her hat, and tackling her to the ground. "He began lapping me and loving me like crazy", she said. A woman thought the dog was attacking Holiday. She screamed, a crowd gathered, and reporters arrived. "I might just as well have wheeled into <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Station_(Newark)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennsylvania Station (Newark)">Penn Station</a> and had a quiet little get-together with the <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="United Press">United Press</a>, and <a href="/wiki/International_News_Service" title="International News Service">International News Service</a>", she said.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoliday_&_Dufty,1956165_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoliday_&_Dufty,1956165-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ed Fishman (who fought with Joe Glaser to be Holiday's manager) thought of a comeback concert at Carnegie Hall. Holiday hesitated, unsure audiences would accept her after the arrest. She gave in and agreed to appear. On March 27, 1948, Holiday played Carnegie Hall to a sold-out crowd. Two thousand seven hundred tickets were sold in advance, a record at the time for the venue. Her popularity was unusual because she did not have a current hit record.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson,1995165–167_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson,1995165–167-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her last record to reach the charts was "Lover Man" in 1945. Holiday sang 32 songs at the Carnegie concert by her count, including <a href="/wiki/Cole_Porter" title="Cole Porter">Cole Porter</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Night_and_Day_(song)" title="Night and Day (song)">Night and Day</a>" and her 1930s hit, "Strange Fruit". During the show, someone sent her a box of <a href="/wiki/Gardenia" title="Gardenia">gardenias</a>. "My old trademark", Holiday said. "I took them out of box and fastened them smack to the side of my head without even looking twice." There was a hatpin in the gardenias and Holiday unknowingly stuck it into the side of her head. "I didn't feel anything until the blood started rushing down in my eyes and ears", she said. After the third curtain call, she passed out.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoliday_&_Dufty,1956168–169_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoliday_&_Dufty,1956168–169-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 27, 1948, Bob Sylvester and her promoter Al Wilde arranged a Broadway show for her. Titled <i>Holiday on Broadway</i>, it sold out. "The regular music critics and drama critics came and treated us like we were legit", she said. But it closed after three weeks.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoliday_&_Dufty,1956172–173_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoliday_&_Dufty,1956172–173-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Holiday was arrested again on January 22, 1949, in her room at the Hotel Mark Twain in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> by <a href="/wiki/George_Hunter_White" title="George Hunter White">George Hunter White</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Reuters'',_July_4,2008_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Reuters'',_July_4,2008-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Holiday said she began using hard drugs in the early 1940s. She married trombonist Jimmy Monroe on August 25, 1941. While still married, she became involved with trumpeter Joe Guy, her drug dealer. She divorced Monroe in 1947 and also split with Guy. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Billie_Holiday,_1949.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Billie_Holiday%2C_1949.jpg/170px-Billie_Holiday%2C_1949.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Billie_Holiday%2C_1949.jpg/255px-Billie_Holiday%2C_1949.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Billie_Holiday%2C_1949.jpg/340px-Billie_Holiday%2C_1949.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3783" data-file-height="5204" /></a><figcaption>Holiday in court over a contract dispute, late 1949</figcaption></figure> <p>In October 1949, Holiday recorded "<a href="/wiki/Crazy_He_Calls_Me" title="Crazy He Calls Me">Crazy He Calls Me</a>", which was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2010. Gabler said the hit was her most successful recording for Decca after "Lover Man". The charts of the 1940s did not list songs outside the top 30, making it impossible to recognize minor hits. By the late 1940s, despite her popularity and concert power, her singles were little played on radio, perhaps because of her reputation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClarke,2002327_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarke,2002327-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1948, Holiday played at the Ebony Club, which was against the law. Her manager, John Levy, was convinced he could get her card back and allowed her to open without one. "I opened scared", Holiday said, "[I was] expecting the cops to come in any chorus and carry me off. But nothing happened. I was a huge success."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoliday_&_Dufty,1956175_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoliday_&_Dufty,1956175-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Holiday recorded Gershwin's "<a href="/wiki/I_Loves_You,_Porgy" title="I Loves You, Porgy">I Loves You, Porgy</a>" in 1948. In 1950, Holiday appeared in the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal</a> short film <i><a href="/wiki/Sugar_Chile_Robinson,_Billie_Holiday,_Count_Basie_and_His_Sextet" title="Sugar Chile Robinson, Billie Holiday, Count Basie and His Sextet">Sugar Chile Robinson, Billie Holiday, Count Basie and His Sextet</a></i>, singing "God Bless the Child" and "Now, Baby or Never".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson,1995181_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson,1995181-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The loss of her cabaret card reduced Holiday's earnings. She had not received proper record royalties until she joined Decca, so her main revenue was club concerts. The problem worsened when Holiday's records went out of print in the 1950s. She seldom received royalties in her later years. In 1958, she received a royalty of only $11.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson,1995167,_229_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson,1995167,_229-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her lawyer in the late 1950s, Earle Warren Zaidins, registered with <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_Music,_Inc." title="Broadcast Music, Inc.">BMI</a> only two songs she had written or co-written, costing her revenue.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson,1995215_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson,1995215-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1952–1959:_Lady_Sings_the_Blues"><span id="1952.E2.80.931959:_Lady_Sings_the_Blues"></span>1952–1959: <i>Lady Sings the Blues</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billie_Holiday&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 1952–1959: Lady Sings the Blues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Billie_Holiday.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Billie_Holiday.png/220px-Billie_Holiday.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Billie_Holiday.png/330px-Billie_Holiday.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Billie_Holiday.png/440px-Billie_Holiday.png 2x" data-file-width="1925" data-file-height="1629" /></a><figcaption>Billie Holiday performing at the <a href="/wiki/Storyville_(nightclub)" title="Storyville (nightclub)">Storyville</a> club, Boston, on October 29, 1955. Photo by Mel Levine.</figcaption></figure><p>By the 1950s, Holiday's drug use, drinking, and relationships with abusive men caused her health to deteriorate. She appeared on the <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a> <a href="/wiki/Reality_television" title="Reality television">reality series</a> <i>The Comeback Story</i> to discuss attempts to overcome her poor choices. </p><p>Holiday first toured Europe in 1954 as part of a <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Feather" title="Leonard Feather">Leonard Feather</a> package. The <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Swedish</a> <a href="/wiki/Impresario" title="Impresario">impresario</a> Nils Hellstrom initiated the "Jazz Club U.S.A." (after the Leonard Feather radio show) tour starting in <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a> in January 1954 and then Germany, Netherlands, Paris and Switzerland. The tour party was Holiday, <a href="/wiki/Buddy_DeFranco" title="Buddy DeFranco">Buddy DeFranco</a>, Red Norvo, Carl Drinkard, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elaine_Leighton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elaine Leighton (page does not exist)">Elaine Leighton</a> <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elaine_Leighton" class="extiw" title="de:Elaine Leighton">(de)</a> <a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elaine_Leighton" class="extiw" title="nl:Elaine Leighton">(nl)</a> (1926–2012),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"New_Jersey_Death_Index"_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"New_Jersey_Death_Index"-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDahl,198976,_92_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDahl,198976,_92-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sonny_Clark" title="Sonny Clark">Sonny Clark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beryl_Booker" title="Beryl Booker">Beryl Booker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Raney" title="Jimmy Raney">Jimmy Raney</a> and <a href="/wiki/Red_Mitchell" title="Red Mitchell">Red Mitchell</a>. A recording of a live set in Germany was released as <i>Lady Love – Billie Holiday</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Lady_Love,''1962_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Lady_Love,''1962-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Holiday's autobiography, <i><a href="/wiki/Lady_Sings_the_Blues_(book)" title="Lady Sings the Blues (book)">Lady Sings the Blues</a></i>, was ghostwritten by <a href="/wiki/William_Dufty" title="William Dufty">William Dufty</a> and published in 1956. Dufty, a <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Post" title="New York Post">New York Post</a></i> writer and editor then married to Holiday's close friend Maely Dufty, wrote the book quickly from a series of conversations with the singer in the Duftys' 93rd Street apartment. He also drew on the work of earlier interviewers and intended to let Holiday tell her story in her own way.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''San_Francisco_Chronicle'',_September_18,2006G1_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''San_Francisco_Chronicle'',_September_18,2006G1-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his 2015 study, <i>Billie Holiday: The Musician and the Myth</i>, <a href="/wiki/John_Szwed" title="John Szwed">John Szwed</a> argued that <i>Lady Sings the Blues</i> is a generally accurate account of her life, but that co-writer Dufty was forced to water down or suppress material by the threat of legal action. According to the reviewer <a href="/wiki/Richard_Brody" title="Richard Brody">Richard Brody</a>, "Szwed traces the stories of two important relationships that are missing from the book—with <a href="/wiki/Charles_Laughton" title="Charles Laughton">Charles Laughton</a>, in the 1930s, and with <a href="/wiki/Tallulah_Bankhead" title="Tallulah Bankhead">Tallulah Bankhead</a>, in the late 1940s—and of one relationship that's sharply diminished in the book, her affair with <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a> around the time of <i><a href="/wiki/Citizen_Kane" title="Citizen Kane">Citizen Kane</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''New_Yorker'',_April_3,2015_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''New_Yorker'',_April_3,2015-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESzwed,2015_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESzwed,2015-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film version of the book was released in 1972, with <a href="/wiki/Diana_Ross" title="Diana Ross">Diana Ross</a> playing the role of Holiday.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To accompany her autobiography, Holiday released the LP <i><a href="/wiki/Lady_Sings_the_Blues_(Billie_Holiday_album)" title="Lady Sings the Blues (Billie Holiday album)">Lady Sings the Blues</a></i> in June 1956. The album featured four new tracks, "<a href="/wiki/Lady_Sings_the_Blues_(song)" title="Lady Sings the Blues (song)">Lady Sings the Blues</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Too_Marvelous_for_Words" title="Too Marvelous for Words">Too Marvelous for Words</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Willow_Weep_for_Me" title="Willow Weep for Me">Willow Weep for Me</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/I_Thought_About_You" title="I Thought About You">I Thought About You</a>", and eight new recordings of her biggest hits to date. The re-recordings included "Trav'lin' Light" "Strange Fruit" and "God Bless the Child".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENovaes,_"Studio_Discography"_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENovaes,_"Studio_Discography"-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A review of the album was published by <i>Billboard</i> magazine on December 22, 1956, calling it a worthy musical complement to her autobiography. "Holiday is in good voice now", wrote the reviewer, "and these new readings will be much appreciated by her following". "Strange Fruit" and "God Bless the Child" were called classics, and "Good Morning Heartache", another reissued track on the LP, was also noted favorably.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Billboard'',_December_22,195626_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Billboard'',_December_22,195626-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November 10, 1956, Holiday performed two concerts before packed audiences at Carnegie Hall. Live recordings of the second Carnegie Hall concert were released on a Verve/HMV album in the UK in late 1961 called <i><a href="/wiki/The_Essential_Billie_Holiday:_Carnegie_Hall_Concert_Recorded_Live" title="The Essential Billie Holiday: Carnegie Hall Concert Recorded Live">The Essential Billie Holiday</a></i>. The 13 tracks included on this album featured her own songs "I Love My Man", "Don't Explain" and "<a href="/wiki/Fine_and_Mellow_(song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fine and Mellow (song)">Fine and Mellow</a>", together with other songs closely associated with her, including "<a href="/wiki/Body_and_Soul_(1930_song)" title="Body and Soul (1930 song)">Body and Soul</a>", "<a href="/wiki/My_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="My Man">My Man</a>", and "Lady Sings the Blues" (her lyrics accompanied a tune by pianist <a href="/wiki/Herbie_Nichols" title="Herbie Nichols">Herbie Nichols</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Essential_Billie_Holiday'',1989_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Essential_Billie_Holiday'',1989-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The liner notes for this album were written partly by Gilbert Millstein of the <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">New York Times</a></i>, who, according to these notes, served as narrator of the Carnegie Hall concerts. Interspersed among Holiday's songs, Millstein read aloud four lengthy passages from her autobiography, <i>Lady Sings the Blues</i>. He later wrote: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The narration began with the ironic account of her birth in Baltimore – 'Mom and Pop were just a couple of kids when they got married. He was eighteen, she was sixteen, and I was three' – and ended, very nearly shyly, with her hope for love and a long life with 'my man' at her side. It was evident, even then, that Miss Holiday was ill. I had known her casually over the years and I was shocked at her physical weakness. Her rehearsal had been desultory; her voice sounded tinny and trailed off; her body sagged tiredly. But I will not forget the metamorphosis that night. The lights went down, the musicians began to play and the narration began. Miss Holiday stepped from between the curtains, into the white spotlight awaiting her, wearing a white evening gown and white gardenias in her black hair. She was erect and beautiful; poised and smiling. And when the first section of narration was ended, she sang – with strength undiminished – with all of the art that was hers. I was very much moved. In the darkness, my face burned and my eyes. I recall only one thing. I smiled."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Essential_Billie_Holiday'',1989_99-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Essential_Billie_Holiday'',1989-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The critic <a href="/wiki/Nat_Hentoff" title="Nat Hentoff">Nat Hentoff</a> of <i>DownBeat</i> magazine, who attended the Carnegie Hall concert, wrote the remainder of the sleeve notes on the 1961 album. He wrote of Holiday's performance: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Throughout the night, Billie was in superior form to what had sometimes been the case in the last years of her life. Not only was there assurance of phrasing and intonation; but there was also an outgoing warmth, a palpable eagerness to reach and touch the audience. And there was mocking wit. A smile was often lightly evident on her lips and her eyes as if, for once, she could accept the fact that there were people who did dig her. The beat flowed in her uniquely sinuous, supple way of moving the story along; the words became her own experiences; and coursing through it all was Lady's sound – a texture simultaneously steel-edged and yet soft inside; a voice that was almost unbearably wise in disillusion and yet still childlike, again at the centre. The audience was hers from before she sang, greeting her and saying good-bye with heavy, loving applause. And at one time, the musicians too applauded. It was a night when Billie was on top, undeniably the best and most honest jazz singer alive.</p></blockquote> <p>Her performance of "Fine and Mellow" on <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sound_of_Jazz" title="The Sound of Jazz">The Sound of Jazz</a></i> program is memorable for her interplay with her long-time friend <a href="/wiki/Lester_Young" title="Lester Young">Lester Young</a>. Both were less than two years from death. Young died in March 1959. Holiday wanted to sing at his funeral, but her request was denied. Also in 1957, she sang as a headliner with <a href="/wiki/Dinah_Washington" title="Dinah Washington">Dinah Washington</a> and others in <i>Jazz Under the Stars</i>, a summer concert series that took place at the Wollman Memorial Theater in New York City's <a href="/wiki/Central_Park" title="Central Park">Central Park</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Holiday returned to Europe almost five years later, in 1959, she made one of her last television appearances for <a href="/wiki/Granada_television" class="mw-redirect" title="Granada television">Granada</a> television's British Cabaret show, <i>Chelsea at Nine,</i> in London. The show taped what is believed to be the only existing filmed version of Holiday singing "Strange Fruit".<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her final studio recordings were made for <a href="/wiki/MGM_Records" title="MGM Records">MGM Records</a> in 1959, with lush backing from <a href="/wiki/Ray_Ellis" title="Ray Ellis">Ray Ellis</a> and his Orchestra, who had also accompanied her on the Columbia album <i><a href="/wiki/Lady_in_Satin" title="Lady in Satin">Lady in Satin</a></i> the previous year (see below). The MGM sessions were released posthumously on a self-titled album, later retitled and re-released as <i><a href="/wiki/Last_Recording" title="Last Recording">Last Recording</a></i>. </p><p>On March 28, 1957, Holiday married Louis McKay, a <a href="/wiki/Organized_crime" title="Organized crime">mob</a> enforcer. McKay, like most of the men in her life, was abusive.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''National_Post'',_May_17,2005AL1–AL2_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''National_Post'',_May_17,2005AL1–AL2-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were separated at the time of her death, but McKay had plans to start a chain of Billie Holiday vocal studios, on the model of the <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Murray" title="Arthur Murray">Arthur Murray</a> dance schools. Holiday was childless, but she had two godchildren: singer <a href="/wiki/Lorraine_Feather" title="Lorraine Feather">Billie Lorraine Feather</a> (the daughter of Leonard Feather) and <a href="/wiki/Bevan_Dufty" title="Bevan Dufty">Bevan Dufty</a> (the son of William Dufty).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''San_Francisco_Chronicle'',_September_18,2006G1_93-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''San_Francisco_Chronicle'',_September_18,2006G1-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Illness_and_death">Illness and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billie_Holiday&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Illness and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By early 1959, Holiday was diagnosed with <a href="/wiki/Cirrhosis" title="Cirrhosis">cirrhosis</a> of the liver. Although she had initially stopped drinking on her doctor's orders, it was not long before she relapsed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFeather,197282_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeather,197282-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By May 1959, she had lost 20 pounds (9.1 kg). Her manager, Joe Glaser, jazz critic Leonard Feather, photojournalist Allan Morrison, and the singer's own friends all tried in vain to persuade her to go to a hospital.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFeather,197283_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeather,197283-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On May 31, 1959, Holiday was finally taken to <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Hospital">Metropolitan Hospital</a> in New York for treatment of both liver and <a href="/wiki/Heart_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Heart disease">heart disease</a>. While in the hospital, narcotics police came to her hospital room and placed her under house arrest for narcotics possession.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On July 15, she received <a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_Sick_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Anointing of the Sick in the Catholic Church">last rites</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhite,1987110_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhite,1987110-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Holiday died at age 44 at 3:10 am on July 17, 1959, of <a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_edema" title="Pulmonary edema">pulmonary edema</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heart_failure" title="Heart failure">heart failure</a> caused by cirrhosis of the liver.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''New_York_Times'',_July_18,195915_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''New_York_Times'',_July_18,195915-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''New_York_Times_Magazine'',_December_24,19728–9,_18–19_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''New_York_Times_Magazine'',_December_24,19728–9,_18–19-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In her final years, Holiday had been progressively swindled out of her earnings by McKay and she died with US$0.70 in the bank ($7.40 in 2023). The story of her burial plot and how it was managed by her estranged husband, Louis McKay, was documented on <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a> in 2012. Her funeral was held on July 21, 1959, at the <a href="/wiki/St._Paul_the_Apostle_Church_(Manhattan)" title="St. Paul the Apostle Church (Manhattan)">Church of St. Paul the Apostle</a> in Manhattan. She was buried at <a href="/wiki/Saint_Raymond%27s_Cemetery" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Raymond's Cemetery">Saint Raymond's Cemetery</a> in the Bronx. <a href="/wiki/Michael_P._Grace_II" title="Michael P. Grace II">Michael P. Grace ll</a>, a songwriter and theater producer based in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, paid for the funeral.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENPR,_''Morning_Edition'',_July_17,2012_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENPR,_''Morning_Edition'',_July_17,2012-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gilbert Millstein of <i>The New York Times</i>, who was the announcer at Holiday's 1956 Carnegie Hall concerts and wrote parts of the sleeve notes for the album <i>The Essential Billie Holiday</i>, described her death in these sleeve notes, dated 1961: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Billie Holiday died in Metropolitan Hospital, New York, on Friday, July 17, 1959, in the bed in which she had been arrested for illegal possession of narcotics a little more than a month before, as she lay mortally ill; in the room from which a police guard had been removed – by court order – only a few hours before her death. She had been strikingly beautiful, but her talent was wasted. The worms of every kind of excess – drugs were only one – had eaten her. The likelihood exists that among the last thoughts of this cynical, sentimental, profane, generous and greatly talented woman of 44 was the belief that she was to be arraigned the following morning. She would have been, eventually, although possibly not that quickly. In any case, she removed herself finally from the jurisdiction of any court here below.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Essential_Billie_Holiday'',1989_99-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Essential_Billie_Holiday'',1989-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: Millstein's liner notes">: Millstein's liner notes </span></sup> </p></blockquote><p>When Holiday died, <i>The New York Times</i> published a short obituary on page 15 without a <a href="/wiki/Byline" title="Byline">byline</a>. She left an estate of $1,000 ($10,577 in 2023), and her best recordings from the 1930s were mostly out of print. </p><p>Holiday's public stature grew in the following years. In 1961, she was voted to the <a href="/wiki/DownBeat#Hall_of_Fame" title="DownBeat">Down Beat Hall Of Fame</a>, and soon after Columbia reissued nearly one hundred of her early records. In 1972, Diana Ross's portrayal of Holiday in <i>Lady Sings the Blues</i> was nominated for an Oscar and won a Golden Globe. Holiday was posthumously nominated for 23 Grammy awards.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENPR,_''All_Things_Considered'',_April_7,2015_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENPR,_''All_Things_Considered'',_April_7,2015-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Singer <a href="/wiki/Adelaide_Hall" title="Adelaide Hall">Adelaide Hall</a> made a secret visit to Holiday's bedside at the Metropolitan Hospital, on or around June 12, 1959. Hall's spoken account of her visit was captured on tape by the journalist Max Jones in 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hall's long-time friend, Iain Cameron Williams, and author of Hall's biography, also had direct knowledge of the visit. However, he refrained from releasing the information as he only had Hall's one-to-one spoken account and no further backup. In July 2022, after finding transcripts of Max Jones's tape, Williams wrote an article for <i>The Syncopated Times</i> about Hall's secret visit.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> George Jacobs claims Sinatra also visited Holiday on her death bed, and promised to supply her with the heroin she desperately wanted.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Artistry">Artistry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billie_Holiday&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Artistry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Billie_Holiday_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Billie at the Club Bali, Washington with Al Dunn (drums), and Bobby Tucker (piano)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Billie_Holiday_5.jpg/220px-Billie_Holiday_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Billie_Holiday_5.jpg/330px-Billie_Holiday_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Billie_Holiday_5.jpg/440px-Billie_Holiday_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1012" data-file-height="769" /></a><figcaption>Holiday performing at the Club Bali, Washington, with Al Dunn (drums), and <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Tucker" title="Bobby Tucker">Bobby Tucker</a> (piano) in 1948</figcaption></figure> <p>Holiday's vocal delivery made her performances instantly recognizable throughout her career. Her improvisational prowess compensated for her lack of formal musical education. Holiday stated that she had always wanted her voice to sound like an instrument, and some of her influences included trumpeter <a href="/wiki/Louis_Armstrong" title="Louis Armstrong">Louis Armstrong</a> and singer <a href="/wiki/Bessie_Smith" title="Bessie Smith">Bessie Smith</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuehl_&_Schocket,1973_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuehl_&_Schocket,1973-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early in her career, she was said to have had her accompanying instrumentalists stop and repeat an improvised line if she believed she could use it for a vocal line.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Holiday's last major recording, a 1958 album titled <i>Lady in Satin</i>, features the backing of a 40-piece orchestra conducted and arranged by Ray Ellis. The conductor said of the album in 1997: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I would say that the most emotional moment was her listening to the playback of "I'm a Fool to Want You". There were tears in her eyes ... After we finished the album I went into the control room and listened to all the takes. I must admit I was unhappy with her performance, but I was just listening musically instead of emotionally. It wasn't until I heard the final mix a few weeks later that I realized how great her performance really was.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESheldon,2011348_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheldon,2011348-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: KCSM interview">: KCSM interview </span></sup> </p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a> was influenced during his youth by Holiday's performances on 52nd Street. He told <i><a href="/wiki/Ebony_(magazine)" title="Ebony (magazine)">Ebony</a></i> magazine in 1958 about her impact: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p> With few exceptions, every major pop singer in the US during her generation has been touched in some way by her genius. It is Billie Holiday who was, and still remains, the greatest single musical influence on me. Lady Day is unquestionably the most important influence on American popular singing in the last twenty years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClarke,200296_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarke,200296-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billie_Holiday&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the book <i>The NPR Curious Listener's Guide to Jazz</i>, jazz historian <a href="/wiki/Loren_Schoenberg" title="Loren Schoenberg">Loren Schoenberg</a> asserted that "no one would dispute that Billie Holiday is the definitive Jazz Singer."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_117-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Billie Holiday received several <a href="/wiki/Esquire_(magazine)" title="Esquire (magazine)"><i>Esquire</i> Magazine</a> awards during her lifetime. Her posthumous awards also include being inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame, <a href="/wiki/Jazz_at_Lincoln_Center#Hall_of_Fame" title="Jazz at Lincoln Center">Ertegun Jazz Hall of Fame</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Composers,_Authors_and_Publishers" title="American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers">ASCAP</a> Jazz Wall of Fame. In 1985, a <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Billie_Holiday" title="Statue of Billie Holiday">statue of Billie Holiday</a> was erected in Baltimore; the statue was completed in 1993 with additional panels of images inspired by her seminal song "Strange Fruit". The Billie Holiday Monument is located at <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Avenue_(Baltimore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennsylvania Avenue (Baltimore)">Pennsylvania</a> and West Lafayette avenues in Baltimore's <a href="/wiki/Upton,_Baltimore" title="Upton, Baltimore">Upton</a> neighborhood.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaltimore_Heritage,_April_26,2018_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaltimore_Heritage,_April_26,2018-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Holiday is also featured in a <a href="/wiki/Romare_Bearden" title="Romare Bearden">Romare Bearden</a> mosaic at the <a href="/wiki/Upton%E2%80%93Avenue_Market_station" title="Upton–Avenue Market station">Upton metro station</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, <a href="/wiki/Chirlane_McCray" title="Chirlane McCray">Chirlane McCray</a> announced that New York City would build a statue honoring Holiday near <a href="/wiki/Queens_Borough_Hall" title="Queens Borough Hall">Queens Borough Hall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''New_York_Times'',_March_7,2019A19_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''New_York_Times'',_March_7,2019A19-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Frank_O%27Hara" title="Frank O'Hara">Frank O'Hara</a>'s poem from 1959,<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "The Day Lady Died"',<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> concludes with an impression of Holiday performing at the <a href="/wiki/Five_Spot_Caf%C3%A9" title="Five Spot Café">Five Spot Café</a> at the end of her career, and the impact of that performance on her listeners.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The song "<a href="/wiki/Angel_of_Harlem" title="Angel of Harlem">Angel of Harlem</a>" by Irish rock band <a href="/wiki/U2" title="U2">U2</a>, released as a single in December 1988, was written as a homage to Holiday.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Films_and_plays_about_Holiday">Films and plays about Holiday</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billie_Holiday&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Films and plays about Holiday"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The biographical film <i><a href="/wiki/Lady_Sings_the_Blues_(film)" title="Lady Sings the Blues (film)">Lady Sings the Blues</a></i>, loosely based on Holiday's autobiography, was released in 1972 and was nominated for five <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Academy Award for Best Actress">Best Actress</a> for <a href="/wiki/Diana_Ross" title="Diana Ross">Diana Ross</a>. Another film, <i><a href="/wiki/The_United_States_vs._Billie_Holiday" title="The United States vs. Billie Holiday">The United States vs. Billie Holiday</a></i>, starred <a href="/wiki/Andra_Day" title="Andra Day">Andra Day</a> and was released in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Def_Pen'',_July_2,2020_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Def_Pen'',_July_2,2020-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is based on the book <i><a href="/wiki/Chasing_the_Scream" title="Chasing the Scream">Chasing the Scream</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Johann_Hari" title="Johann Hari">Johann Hari</a>. Director <a href="/wiki/Lee_Daniels" title="Lee Daniels">Lee Daniels</a> saw how Holiday was portrayed in the 1972 biopic, and wanted to show her legacy as "a civil rights leader <span class="nowrap">[ ... ]</span> not just a drug addict or a jazz singer".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Los_Angeles_Times'',_February_27,2021_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Los_Angeles_Times'',_February_27,2021-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film also depicts Holiday's bisexuality and relationship with Tallulah Bankhead.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Them'',_January_12,2021_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Them'',_January_12,2021-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Day was also nominated for <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Academy Award for Best Actress">Best Actress</a> but did not win.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, she won a <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Awards" title="Golden Globe Awards">Golden Globe</a> in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Holiday is the primary character in the play <i><a href="/wiki/Lady_Day_at_Emerson%27s_Bar_and_Grill" title="Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill">Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill</a></i>, with music by Lanie Robertson. It takes place in <a href="/wiki/South_Philadelphia" title="South Philadelphia">South Philadelphia</a> in March 1959. It premiered in 1986 at the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_Theatre" title="Alliance Theatre">Alliance Theatre</a> and has been revived several times. A Broadway production starring <a href="/wiki/Audra_McDonald" title="Audra McDonald">Audra McDonald</a> was filmed and broadcast on <a href="/wiki/HBO" title="HBO">HBO</a> in 2016; McDonald received an <a href="/wiki/Emmy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmy Award">Emmy Award</a> nomination.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, she received a <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award">Tony Award</a> win.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Billie_(2019_film)" title="Billie (2019 film)">Billie</a></i> is a 2019 documentary film based on interviews in the 1970s by <a href="/wiki/Linda_Lipnack_Kuehl" title="Linda Lipnack Kuehl">Linda Lipnack Kuehl</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuehl_&_Schocket,1973_116-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuehl_&_Schocket,1973-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who was researching a book on Holiday that was never completed. </p><p>Holiday was portrayed by actress <a href="/wiki/Paula_Jai_Parker" title="Paula Jai Parker">Paula Jai Parker</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Touched_by_an_Angel" title="Touched by an Angel">Touched by an Angel</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'s</span> episode "God Bless the Child".<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discography">Discography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billie_Holiday&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Discography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Billie_Holiday_discography" title="Billie Holiday discography">Billie Holiday discography</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Billie_Holiday_1949.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Billie_Holiday_1949.jpg/220px-Billie_Holiday_1949.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="336" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Billie_Holiday_1949.jpg/330px-Billie_Holiday_1949.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Billie_Holiday_1949.jpg/440px-Billie_Holiday_1949.jpg 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="1514" /></a><figcaption>Holiday, photographed by <a href="/wiki/Carl_Van_Vechten" title="Carl Van Vechten">Carl Van Vechten</a> in 1949</figcaption></figure> <p>Billie Holiday recorded extensively for four labels: Columbia Records, which issued her recordings on its subsidiary labels <a href="/wiki/Brunswick_Records" title="Brunswick Records">Brunswick Records</a>, Vocalion Records and <a href="/wiki/OKeh_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="OKeh Records">OKeh Records</a>, from 1933 through 1942; Commodore Records in 1939 and 1944; Decca Records from 1944 through 1950; briefly for <a href="/wiki/Aladdin_Records_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aladdin Records (US)">Aladdin Records</a> in 1951; Verve Records and on its earlier imprint <a href="/wiki/Clef_Records" title="Clef Records">Clef Records</a> from 1952 through 1957, then again for Columbia Records from 1957 to 1958 and finally for MGM Records in 1959. Many of Holiday's recordings appeared on <a href="/wiki/Phonograph_record" title="Phonograph record">78-rpm records</a> prior to the <a href="/wiki/LP_record" title="LP record">long-playing vinyl record era</a>, and only Clef, Verve, and Columbia issued albums during her lifetime that were not compilations of previously released material. Many compilations have been issued since her death, as well as comprehensive <a href="/wiki/Box_set" title="Box set">box sets</a> and live recordings.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENovaes,_"Favorites"_139-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENovaes,_"Favorites"-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''AllMusic''._Discography_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''AllMusic''._Discography-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMillar,1994_141-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMillar,1994-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJepsen,1969_142-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJepsen,1969-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hit_records">Hit records</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billie_Holiday&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Hit records"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1986, <a href="/wiki/Joel_Whitburn" title="Joel Whitburn">Joel Whitburn</a>'s company Record Research compiled information on the popularity of recordings released from the era predating rock and roll and created pop charts dating back to the beginning of the commercial recording industry. The company's findings were published in the book <i>Pop Memories 1890–1954</i>. Several of Holiday's records are listed on the pop charts Whitburn created.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClarke,200274_143-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarke,200274-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Holiday began her recording career on a high note with her first major release, "Riffin' the Scotch", of which 5,000 copies were sold. It was released under the name "Benny Goodman & His Orchestra" in 1933.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClarke,200274_143-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarke,200274-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most of Holiday's early successes were released under the name "Teddy Wilson & His Orchestra". During her stay in Wilson's band, Holiday would sing a few bars and then other musicians would have a solo. Wilson, one of the most influential jazz pianists of the swing era,<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> accompanied Holiday more than any other musician. He and Holiday issued 95 recordings together.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENovaes,_"Musicians"_145-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENovaes,_"Musicians"-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 1936, Holiday began releasing sides under her own name. These songs were released under the band name "Billie Holiday & Her Orchestra".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENovaes,_"Studio_Songs,"1936_146-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENovaes,_"Studio_Songs,"1936-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most noteworthy, the popular jazz standard "Summertime" sold well and was listed on the pop charts of the time at number 12, the first time the jazz standard charted. Only <a href="/wiki/Billy_Stewart" title="Billy Stewart">Billy Stewart</a>'s R&B version of "Summertime" reached a higher chart placement than Holiday's, charting at number 10 thirty years later in 1966.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Tsort.info'',_"Summertime"_147-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Tsort.info'',_"Summertime"-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Holiday had 16 best-selling songs in 1937, making the year her most commercially successful.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It was in this year that Holiday scored her sole number one hit as a featured vocalist on the available pop charts of the 1930s, "Carelessly".<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The hit "<a href="/wiki/I%27ve_Got_My_Love_to_Keep_Me_Warm" title="I've Got My Love to Keep Me Warm">I've Got My Love to Keep Me Warm</a>", was also recorded by <a href="/wiki/Ray_Noble" title="Ray Noble">Ray Noble</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glen_Gray" title="Glen Gray">Glen Gray</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fred_Astaire" title="Fred Astaire">Fred Astaire</a>, whose rendering was a bestseller for weeks.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Previous citations had othing related to 1937, "I've Got My Love to Keep Me Warm", or any of the artists mentioned. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Holiday's version ranked 6 on the year-end single chart available for 1937.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Tsort.info'',_"Billie_Holiday"_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Tsort.info'',_"Billie_Holiday"-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1939, Holiday recorded her biggest selling record, "Strange Fruit" for Commodore, charting at number 16 on the available pop chart for the 1930s.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENovaes,_"Studio_Songs,"1939_149-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENovaes,_"Studio_Songs,"1939-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1940, <i>Billboard</i> began publishing its modern pop charts, which included the <a href="/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100" title="Billboard Hot 100">Best Selling Retail Records</a> chart, the precursor to the Hot 100. None of Holiday's songs placed on the modern pop charts, partly because <i>Billboard</i> only published the first ten slots of the charts in some issues. Minor hits and independent releases had no way of being spotlighted. </p><p>"<a href="/wiki/God_Bless_the_Child_(Billie_Holiday_song)" title="God Bless the Child (Billie Holiday song)">God Bless the Child</a>", which went on to sell over a million copies, ranked number 3 on <i>Billboard</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s year-end top songs of 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Jazzstandards.com,''_"1940s"_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Jazzstandards.com,''_"1940s"-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On October 24, 1942, <i>Billboard</i> began issuing its R&B charts. Two of Holiday's songs placed on the chart, "Trav'lin' Light" with Paul Whiteman, which topped the chart, and "Lover Man", which reached number 5. "Trav'lin' Light" also reached 18 on <i>Billboard</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s year-end chart. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Studio_LPs">Studio LPs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billie_Holiday&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Studio LPs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Billie_Holiday_Sings" title="Billie Holiday Sings">Billie Holiday Sings</a></i> (1952)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Evening_with_Billie_Holiday" title="An Evening with Billie Holiday">An Evening with Billie Holiday</a></i> (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Billie_Holiday_(album)" title="Billie Holiday (album)">Billie Holiday</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Music_for_Torching_(album)" title="Music for Torching (album)">Music for Torching</a></i> (1955)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Velvet_Mood" title="Velvet Mood">Velvet Mood</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lady_Sings_the_Blues_(Billie_Holiday_album)" title="Lady Sings the Blues (Billie Holiday album)">Lady Sings the Blues</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Body_and_Soul_(Billie_Holiday_album)" title="Body and Soul (Billie Holiday album)">Body and Soul</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Songs_for_Distingu%C3%A9_Lovers" title="Songs for Distingué Lovers">Songs for Distingué Lovers</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stay_with_Me_(Billie_Holiday_album)" title="Stay with Me (Billie Holiday album)">Stay with Me</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/All_or_Nothing_at_All_(album)" title="All or Nothing at All (album)">All or Nothing at All</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lady_in_Satin" title="Lady in Satin">Lady in Satin</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Last_Recording" title="Last Recording">Last Recording</a></i> (1959)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filmography">Filmography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billie_Holiday&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Filmography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theatrical_films">Theatrical films</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billie_Holiday&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Theatrical films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1933: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Emperor_Jones_(1933_film)" title="The Emperor Jones (1933 film)">The Emperor Jones</a></i>, appeared as an extra</li> <li>1935: <i><a href="/wiki/Symphony_in_Black" title="Symphony in Black">Symphony in Black</a></i>, short (with <a href="/wiki/Duke_Ellington" title="Duke Ellington">Duke Ellington</a>)</li> <li>1947: <i><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_(1947_film)" title="New Orleans (1947 film)">New Orleans</a></i></li> <li>1950: <i><a href="/wiki/Sugar_Chile_Robinson,_Billie_Holiday,_Count_Basie_and_His_Sextet" title="Sugar Chile Robinson, Billie Holiday, Count Basie and His Sextet">'Sugar Chile' Robinson, Billie Holiday, Count Basie and His Sextet</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television_appearances">Television appearances</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billie_Holiday&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Television appearances"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Year </th> <th scope="col">Program </th> <th scope="col">Host </th> <th scope="col">Songs </th></tr> <tr> <td>October 14, 1948 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/We_the_People_(American_TV_series)" title="We the People (American TV series)">We the People</a></i> </td> <td>Dwight Weist </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>1949 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Adventures_in_Jazz" title="Adventures in Jazz">Adventures in Jazz</a></i> </td> <td>Fred Robbins </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>August 27, 1949 </td> <td><i>Arlene Francis Show</i>, NY (1) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arlene_Francis" title="Arlene Francis">Arlene Francis</a> </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/The_Man_I_Love_(song)" title="The Man I Love (song)">The Man I Love</a>", "<a href="/wiki/All_of_Me_(jazz_standard)" title="All of Me (jazz standard)">All of Me</a>", "Lover Man" </td></tr> <tr> <td>August 27, 1949 </td> <td><i>Art Ford Show</i>, NY (1)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVail,199615_150-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVail,199615-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Art Ford </td> <td>"Lover Man", "I Cover the Waterfront", two-minute interview, "All of Me" </td></tr> <tr> <td>August 27, 1949 </td> <td><i>Eddie Condon's Floor Show</i>, NY (1)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVail,1996125_151-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVail,1996125-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Condon" title="Eddie Condon">Eddie Condon</a> </td> <td>"I Love My Man", "Keeps on Rainin'", "Lover Man" </td></tr> <tr> <td>September 3, 1949 </td> <td><i>Eddie Condon's Floor Show</i>, NY (1)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVail,1996126_152-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVail,1996126-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Eddie Condon </td> <td>"Fine & Mellow", "Porgy", "<a href="/wiki/Them_There_Eyes" title="Them There Eyes">Them There Eyes</a>", "I Love My Man" </td></tr> <tr> <td>October 15, 1949 </td> <td><i>Art Ford Show</i>, NY (1) </td> <td>Art Ford </td> <td>"Them There Eyes", "<a href="/wiki/Detour_Ahead" title="Detour Ahead">Detour Ahead</a>", "Now or Never" </td></tr> <tr> <td>May 24, 1950 </td> <td><i>Apollo Theatre Show</i>, NY (1)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVail,1996132_153-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVail,1996132-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>– </td> <td>"You're My Thrill" </td></tr> <tr> <td>July 25, 1951 </td> <td><i>Apollo Theatre Show</i>, NY (1)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVail,1996139_154-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVail,1996139-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>– </td> <td>"My Man" </td></tr> <tr> <td>October 12, 1952 </td> <td><i>Apollo Theatre Show</i>, NY (1)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVail,1996149_155-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVail,1996149-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Count Basie </td> <td>"Tenderly" </td></tr> <tr> <td>October 16, 1953 </td> <td><i>The Comeback Story</i>, NY (1)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVail,1996153_156-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVail,1996153-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_Jessel_(actor)" title="George Jessel (actor)">George Jessel</a> </td> <td>Twenty-minute interview, "God Bless the Child" </td></tr> <tr> <td>February 8, 1955 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tonight_Show" title="The Tonight Show">The Tonight Show</a></i>, NY (1)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVail,1996165_157-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVail,1996165-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Steve_Allen" title="Steve Allen">Steve Allen</a> </td> <td>"My Man", "Them There Eyes", "Lover Man" </td></tr> <tr> <td>February 10, 1956 </td> <td><i>The Tonight Show</i>, NY (1)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVail,1996172_158-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVail,1996172-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Steve Allen </td> <td>"Please Don't Talk About Me", two-minute interview, "Ghost of a Chance" </td></tr> <tr> <td>August 13, 1956 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Stars_of_Jazz" title="Stars of Jazz">Stars of Jazz</a></i>, LA, CA (2)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVail,1996179_159-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVail,1996179-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Troup" title="Bobby Troup">Bobby Troup</a> </td> <td>"Please Don't Talk About Me When I'm Gone", "Billie's Blues", "My Man" </td></tr> <tr> <td>August 29, 1956 </td> <td><i>NBC Bandstand USA</i>, NY (1)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVail,1996179_159-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVail,1996179-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvanier,_January_6,2009_160-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvanier,_January_6,2009-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Bert Parks </td> <td>"Willow Weep for Me", "<a href="/wiki/I_Only_Have_Eyes_for_You" title="I Only Have Eyes for You">I Only Have Eyes for You</a>", "My Man", "Please Don't Talk About Me" </td></tr> <tr> <td>October 29, 1956 </td> <td><i>NBC Bandstand USA</i>, NY (1)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVail,1996180_161-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVail,1996180-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvanier,_January_6,2009_160-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvanier,_January_6,2009-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Bert Parks </td> <td>"Nice Work If You Can Get It", "God Bless the Child", "Please Don't Talk About Me", "Don't Explain" </td></tr> <tr> <td>November 8, 1956 </td> <td><i>Night Beat</i>, NY (1)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVail,1996180_161-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVail,1996180-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mike_Wallace" title="Mike Wallace">Mike Wallace</a> </td> <td>Fifteen-minute interview </td></tr> <tr> <td>November 8, 1956 </td> <td><i>Peacock Alley</i>, NY (1)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVail,1996180_161-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVail,1996180-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Tex McCrary </td> <td>Twenty-minute interview </td></tr> <tr> <td>November 8, 1956 </td> <td><i>The Tonight Show</i>, NY (1)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVail,1996180_161-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVail,1996180-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Steve Allen </td> <td>"Porgy" </td></tr> <tr> <td>November 3, 1957 </td> <td>Live Broadcast from <a href="/wiki/Mister_Kelly%27s" title="Mister Kelly's">Mister Kelly's</a>, Chicago (1) </td> <td>– </td> <td>"Good Morning Heartache", "You Better Go Now" </td></tr> <tr> <td>December 8, 1957 </td> <td><i>The Seven Lively Arts: The Sound of Jazz</i>, LA (2)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVail,1996191_162-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVail,1996191-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>– </td> <td>"Fine & Mellow" </td></tr> <tr> <td>April 12, 1958 </td> <td><i>Club Oasis</i>, NY (1) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Martha_Raye" title="Martha Raye">Martha Raye</a> </td> <td>"You've Changed", "My Man" </td></tr> <tr> <td>May 26, 1958 </td> <td><i>Telethon</i>, NY </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dean_Martin" title="Dean Martin">Dean Martin</a> </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>May 29, 1958 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Jazz_Party_(TV_series)" title="Jazz Party (TV series)">Art Ford's Jazz Party</a></i>, WNTA-TV NY<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVail,1996194_163-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVail,1996194-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Art Ford </td> <td>"You've Changed", "I Love My Man", "When Your Lover Has Gone" </td></tr> <tr> <td>July 10, 1958 </td> <td><i>Art Ford's Jazz Party</i>, NY (2)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVail,1996195_164-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVail,1996195-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Art Ford </td> <td>"Foolin' Myself", "It's Easy to Remember", "What a Little Moonlight Can Do" </td></tr> <tr> <td>July 17, 1958 </td> <td><i>Art Ford's Jazz Party</i>, NY (2)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVail,1996195_164-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVail,1996195-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Art Ford </td> <td>"Moanin' Low", "Don't Explain", "When Your Lover Has Gone" </td></tr> <tr> <td>September 25, 1958 </td> <td><i>Today Show</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVail,1996197_165-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVail,1996197-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dave_Garroway" title="Dave Garroway">Dave Garroway</a> </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/My_Funny_Valentine" title="My Funny Valentine">My Funny Valentine</a>" </td></tr> <tr> <td>November 18, 1958 </td> <td>Mars Club, Music Hall Parade Voyons Un Peu, Paris France (2) </td> <td>– </td> <td>"I Only Have Eyes for You" </td></tr> <tr> <td>November 20, 1958 </td> <td><i>Gilles Margaritis Programme</i>, Paris France (2) </td> <td>Gilles Margaritis </td> <td>"Trav'lin' Light" </td></tr> <tr> <td>November 27, 1958 (Unconfirmed - Possibly December 4) </td> <td><i>Art Ford's Jazz Party</i>, NY<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFord,1958_166-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFord,1958-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Art Ford </td> <td>"All of Me", "Good Morning Heartache", "Travelin' Light" </td></tr> <tr> <td>February 23, 1959 </td> <td><i>Chelsea at Nine</i>, London, England (2)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVail,1996201_167-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVail,1996201-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Robert Beatty </td> <td>"Porgy", "Please Don't Talk About Me", "Strange Fruit" </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>(1) = Available on audio (2) = Available on DVD </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billie_Holiday&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Billie_Holiday" title="List of awards and nominations received by Billie Holiday">List of awards and nominations received by Billie Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_craters_on_Venus" title="List of craters on Venus">List of craters on Venus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_postage_stamps_of_the_United_States" title="List of people on the postage stamps of the United States">List of people on the postage stamps of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_inductees" title="List of Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees">List of Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billie_Holiday&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billie_Holiday&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOstendorf,_May1993201–202-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOstendorf,_May1993201–202_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOstendorf,_May1993">Ostendorf, May 1993</a>, pp. 201–202.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERock_&_Roll_Hall_of_Fame-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERock_&_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRock_&_Roll_Hall_of_Fame">Rock & Roll Hall of Fame</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/best-singers-all-time-1234642307/">"The 200 Greatest Singers of All Time"</a>. <i>Rolling Stone</i>. January 1, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 19,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=The+200+Greatest+Singers+of+All+Time&rft.date=2023-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Fmusic-lists%2Fbest-singers-all-time-1234642307%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarke,20029-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClarke,20029_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClarke,2002">Clarke, 2002</a>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"About_Billie_Holiday,"2002-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"About_Billie_Holiday,"2002_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREF"About_Billie_Holiday,"2002">"About Billie Holiday," 2002</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Billie_Holiday_Biography"-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Billie_Holiday_Biography"_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREF"Billie_Holiday_Biography"">"Billie Holiday Biography"</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Meally,199164-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Meally,199164_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFO'Meally,1991">O'Meally, 1991</a>, p. 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDufour,199940–42-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDufour,199940–42_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDufour,1999">Dufour, 1999</a>, pp. 40–42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarke,2002xiii-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClarke,2002xiii_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClarke,2002">Clarke, 2002</a>, p. xiii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biography.com/musician/billie-holiday">"Billie Holiday Biography"</a>. <i>Biography</i>. A&E Television Networks. April 2, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 30,</span> 2022</span>. <q>Sadie married Philip Gough in 1920...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biography&rft.atitle=Billie+Holiday+Biography&rft.date=2014-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biography.com%2Fmusician%2Fbillie-holiday&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRandolph2021" class="citation web cs1">Randolph, Elizabeth (March 22, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cheatsheet.com/entertainment/gave-billie-holiday-nickname-lady-day.html/">"Who Gave Billie Holiday the Nickname Lady Day?"</a>. <i>Showbiz Cheat Sheet</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 21,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Showbiz+Cheat+Sheet&rft.atitle=Who+Gave+Billie+Holiday+the+Nickname+Lady+Day%3F&rft.date=2021-03-22&rft.aulast=Randolph&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cheatsheet.com%2Fentertainment%2Fgave-billie-holiday-nickname-lady-day.html%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson,199521–22-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson,199521–22_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNicholson,1995">Nicholson, 1995</a>, pp. 21–22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson,199518–23-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson,199518–23_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNicholson,1995">Nicholson, 1995</a>, pp. 18–23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERipatrazone,_August_14,2018-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERipatrazone,_August_14,2018_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRipatrazone,_August_14,2018">Ripatrazone, August 14, 2018</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeares2021" class="citation magazine cs1">Meares, Hadley (February 8, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2021/02/billie-holiday-biography-lady-sings-the-blues">"Good Morning Heartache: The Life and Blues of Billie Holiday"</a>. <i>Vanity Fair</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211207153954/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2021/02/billie-holiday-biography-lady-sings-the-blues">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vanity+Fair&rft.atitle=Good+Morning+Heartache%3A+The+Life+and+Blues+of+Billie+Holiday&rft.date=2021-02-08&rft.aulast=Meares&rft.aufirst=Hadley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanityfair.com%2Fhollywood%2F2021%2F02%2Fbillie-holiday-biography-lady-sings-the-blues&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-book1956-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-book1956_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolidayDufty1956" class="citation book cs1">Holiday; Dufty (1956). <i>Lady Sings the Blues</i>. p. 118. <q>They had no more business putting me in that Catholic institution. . . . For years I used to dream about it and wake up hollering and screaming. My God, it's terrible what something like this does to you. It takes years and years to get over it; it haunts you and haunts you.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lady+Sings+the+Blues&rft.pages=118&rft.date=1956&rft.au=Holiday&rft.au=Dufty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson,199522–24-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson,199522–24_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNicholson,1995">Nicholson, 1995</a>, pp. 22–24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson,199525-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson,199525_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNicholson,1995">Nicholson, 1995</a>, p. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson,199527-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson,199527_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNicholson,1995">Nicholson, 1995</a>, p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEff,201363-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEff,201363_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEff,2013">Eff, 2013</a>, p. 63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrothers,2014298-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrothers,2014298_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrothers,2014">Brothers, 2014</a>, p. 298.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson,199531-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson,199531_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNicholson,1995">Nicholson, 1995</a>, p. 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoliday_&_Dufty,195613-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoliday_&_Dufty,195613_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoliday_&_Dufty,1956">Holiday & Dufty, 1956</a>, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson,199535–37-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson,199535–37_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNicholson,1995">Nicholson, 1995</a>, pp. 35–37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVail,199632-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVail,199632_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVail,1996">Vail, 1996</a>, p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson,199535–39-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson,199535–39_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNicholson,1995">Nicholson, 1995</a>, pp. 35–39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson,199539-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson,199539_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNicholson,1995">Nicholson, 1995</a>, p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGourse,200073-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGourse,200073_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGourse,2000">Gourse, 2000</a>, p. 73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson,199556-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson,199556_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNicholson,1995">Nicholson, 1995</a>, p. 56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBush,2003239–240-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBush,2003239–240_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBush,2003">Bush, 2003</a>, pp. 239–240.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson,199565-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson,199565_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNicholson,1995">Nicholson, 1995</a>, p. 65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENovaes,_"The_Composers"-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENovaes,_"The_Composers"_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNovaes,_"The_Composers"">Novaes, "The Composers"</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGourse,200073–74-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGourse,200073–74_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGourse,2000">Gourse, 2000</a>, pp. 73–74.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESheldon,2011334–350-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESheldon,2011334–350_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSheldon,2011">Sheldon, 2011</a>, pp. 334–350.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ladysingstheblues1956book-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ladysingstheblues1956book_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolidayDufty1956" class="citation book cs1">Holiday, Billie; Dufty, William (1956). <i>Lady Sings the Blues</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lady+Sings+the+Blues&rft.date=1956&rft.aulast=Holiday&rft.aufirst=Billie&rft.au=Dufty%2C+William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker,_November2002-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker,_November2002_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWalker,_November2002">Walker, November 2002</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson,199593–94-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson,199593–94_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNicholson,1995">Nicholson, 1995</a>, pp. 93–94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENovaes,_"Live_Songs,"1937-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENovaes,_"Live_Songs,"1937_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNovaes,_"Live_Songs,"1937">Novaes, "Live Songs," 1937</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGourse,200040-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGourse,200040_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGourse,2000">Gourse, 2000</a>, p. 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson,199596–97-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson,199596–97_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNicholson,1995">Nicholson, 1995</a>, pp. 96–97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoliday_&_Dufty,195680-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoliday_&_Dufty,195680_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoliday_&_Dufty,1956">Holiday & Dufty, 1956</a>, p. 80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGourse,2000103–104-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGourse,2000103–104_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGourse,2000">Gourse, 2000</a>, pp. 103–104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson,1995100–107-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson,1995100–107_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNicholson,1995">Nicholson, 1995</a>, pp. 100–107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson,199570-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson,199570_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNicholson,1995">Nicholson, 1995</a>, p. 70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson,1995102-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson,1995102_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNicholson,1995">Nicholson, 1995</a>, p. 102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargolick,200025–27-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMargolick,200025–27_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMargolick,2000">Margolick, 2000</a>, pp. 25–27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargolick,200040–46-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMargolick,200040–46_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMargolick,2000">Margolick, 2000</a>, pp. 40–46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson,1995113-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson,1995113_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson,1995113_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNicholson,1995">Nicholson, 1995</a>, p. 113.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoliday_&_Dufty,195695-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoliday_&_Dufty,195695_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoliday_&_Dufty,195695_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoliday_&_Dufty,1956">Holiday & Dufty, 1956</a>, p. 95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarke,2002169-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClarke,2002169_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClarke,2002">Clarke, 2002</a>, p. 169.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson,1995115-51"><span 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href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Tsort.info'',_"Billie_Holiday"_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTsort.info,_"Billie_Holiday""><i>Tsort.info</i>, "Billie Holiday"</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Jazzstandards.com,''_"1940s"-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Jazzstandards.com,''_"1940s"_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Jazzstandards.com,''_"1940s"_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJazzstandards.com,_"1940s""><i>Jazzstandards.com,</i> "1940s"</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150626200735/https://www.grammy.org/recording-academy/awards/hall-of-fame">"GRAMMY Hall Of Fame"</a>. <i>Grammy.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grammy.org/recording-academy/awards/hall-of-fame">the original</a> on June 26, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 13,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Grammy.org&rft.atitle=GRAMMY+Hall+Of+Fame&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grammy.org%2Frecording-academy%2Fawards%2Fhall-of-fame&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIndiana_Public_Media,_March_4,2006-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIndiana_Public_Media,_March_4,2006_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIndiana_Public_Media,_March_4,2006">Indiana Public Media, March 4, 2006</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson,1995130-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson,1995130_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNicholson,1995">Nicholson, 1995</a>, p. 130.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Harlem_Hit_Parade",1942–1943-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Harlem_Hit_Parade",1942–1943_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREF"Harlem_Hit_Parade",1942–1943">"Harlem Hit Parade", 1942–1943</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Life'',_October_11,1943121-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Life'',_October_11,1943121_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLife,_October_11,1943"><i>Life</i>, October 11, 1943</a>, p. 121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENovaes,_"Studio_Songs,"1944-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENovaes,_"Studio_Songs,"1944_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENovaes,_"Studio_Songs,"1944_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNovaes,_"Studio_Songs,"1944">Novaes, "Studio Songs," 1944</a>.</span> </li> <li 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 13,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Andra+Day+Becomes+the+Second+Black+Woman+to+Win+Golden+Globe+for+Best+Actress+Drama&rft.date=2021-03-01&rft.aulast=Vary&rft.aufirst=Adam+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2021%2Ffilm%2Fnews%2Fandra-day-golden-globes-best-actress-drama-1234916913%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.emmys.com/bios/audra-mcdonald">"Audra McDonald"</a>. <i>Television Academy</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Stanford University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 23,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jim+Cullum+Riverwalk+Jazz+Collection&rft.atitle=Jazz+Pianists+of+the+Swing+Era&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frwjazz.stanford.edu%2F%3Fq%3Dprogram%2Fjazz-pianists-swing-era&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENovaes,_"Musicians"-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENovaes,_"Musicians"_145-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNovaes,_"Musicians"">Novaes, "Musicians"</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENovaes,_"Studio_Songs,"1936-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENovaes,_"Studio_Songs,"1936_146-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNovaes,_"Studio_Songs,"1936">Novaes, "Studio Songs," 1936</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Tsort.info'',_"Summertime"-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Tsort.info'',_"Summertime"_147-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTsort.info,_"Summertime""><i>Tsort.info</i>, "Summertime"</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100616002911/http://ntl.matrix.com.br/pfilho/html/top1/">"Title -> "C" -> <i>Carelessly</i>"</a>. <i>#1 Songs of 1930–1999</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 13,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%231+Songs+of+1930%E2%80%931999&rft.atitle=Title+-%3E+%22C%22+-%3E+Carelessly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fntl.matrix.com.br%2Fpfilho%2Fhtml%2Ftop1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENovaes,_"Studio_Songs,"1939-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENovaes,_"Studio_Songs,"1939_149-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNovaes,_"Studio_Songs,"1939">Novaes, "Studio Songs," 1939</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVail,199615-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVail,199615_150-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVail,1996">Vail, 1996</a>, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVail,1996125-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVail,1996125_151-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVail,1996">Vail, 1996</a>, p. 125.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVail,1996126-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVail,1996126_152-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVail,1996">Vail, 1996</a>, p. 126.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVail,1996132-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVail,1996132_153-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVail,1996">Vail, 1996</a>, p. 132.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVail,1996139-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVail,1996139_154-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVail,1996">Vail, 1996</a>, p. 139.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVail,1996149-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a 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href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVail,1996179_159-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVail,1996179_159-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVail,1996">Vail, 1996</a>, p. 179.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvanier,_January_6,2009-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvanier,_January_6,2009_160-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvanier,_January_6,2009_160-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvanier,_January_6,2009">Evanier, January 6, 2009</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVail,1996180-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVail,1996180_161-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVail,1996180_161-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVail,1996180_161-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVail,1996180_161-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVail,1996">Vail, 1996</a>, p. 180.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVail,1996191-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVail,1996191_162-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVail,1996">Vail, 1996</a>, p. 191.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVail,1996194-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVail,1996194_163-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVail,1996">Vail, 1996</a>, p. 194.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVail,1996195-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVail,1996195_164-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVail,1996195_164-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVail,1996">Vail, 1996</a>, p. 195.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVail,1996197-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVail,1996197_165-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVail,1996">Vail, 1996</a>, p. 197.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFord,1958-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFord,1958_166-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFord,1958">Ford, 1958</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVail,1996201-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVail,1996201_167-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVail,1996">Vail, 1996</a>, p. 201.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billie_Holiday&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b>Books, journals, magazines, newspapers, and blogs</b></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF"About_Billie_Holiday,"2002" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110209044835/http://www.billieholiday.com/about/biography.htm">"About Billie Holiday: Biography"</a>. CMG Worldwide, Inc. & <a href="/wiki/A%26E_Television_Networks,_LLC" class="mw-redirect" title="A&E Television Networks, LLC">A&E Television Networks, LLC</a> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access#Free_access" title="Free to read"><img alt="Free access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a></span></span>. May 13, 2012 [original possibly on or before 2002]. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biography.com/musician/billie-holiday">the original</a> on February 9, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 13,</span> 2013</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Billie+Holiday%3A+Biography&rft.pub=CMG+Worldwide%2C+Inc.+%26+A%26E+Television+Networks%2C+LLC+%3Cspan+style%3D%22position%3Arelative%3B+top%3A+-2px%3B%22%3E9px%7Clink%3DOpen_access%23Free+access%7CFree+to+read%7Calt%3DFree+access+icon%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.date=2012-05-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biography.com%2Fmusician%2Fbillie-holiday&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div style="margin-left:6em">The date and attribution for this article is unclear; tho' a phrase from it has been published on two earlier dates, 2008 and 2002: "Holiday's unique diction, inimitable phrasing and acute dramatic intensity made her the outstanding jazz singer of her day."</div> <ol type="i" start="1"> <ol type="a" start="1"> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCartwright,2008" class="citation book cs1">Cartwright, Joan (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nkVxNVvex-sC&pg=PA538&dq=%22%22holiday%27s+unique+diction%2C+inimitable+phrasing%22%22">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Holiday, Billie (1915–1959)"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Carole_Boyce_Davies" title="Carole Boyce Davies">Davies, Carole Boyce</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nkVxNVvex-sC&pg=PA538&dq=%22%22holiday%27s+unique+diction%2C+inimitable+phrasing%22%22"><i>Encyclopedia of the African Diaspora – Origins, Experiences, and Culture. Vol. 1: "A–C"</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC-Clio" title="ABC-Clio">ABC-Clio</a>. pp. 537–539 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a> (limited preview).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%22Holiday%2C+Billie+%281915%E2%80%931959%29&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+African+Diaspora+%E2%80%93+Origins%2C+Experiences%2C+and+Culture.+Vol.+1%3A+%22A%E2%80%93C%22&rft.pages=537-539&rft.pub=ABC-Clio&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Cartwright&rft.aufirst=Joan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnkVxNVvex-sC%26pg%3DPA538%26dq%3D%2522%2522holiday%2527s%2Bunique%2Bdiction%252C%2Binimitable%2Bphrasing%2522%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mb6SDKfWftYC&pg=PA538&dq=%22%22holiday%27s+unique+diction%2C+inimitable+phrasing%22%22"><i><span></span></i>alternate link<i><span></span></i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=alternate+link&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dmb6SDKfWftYC%26pg%3DPA538%26dq%3D%2522%2522holiday%2527s%2Bunique%2Bdiction%252C%2Binimitable%2Bphrasing%2522%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span>) <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/2008011880">2008-11880</a></li></ol></ol> <ol type="i" start="1"> <ol type="a" start="2"> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennett_BannerScott2002" class="citation news cs1">Bennett Banner; Scott, Shana Leinaala (April 5, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newspapers.digitalnc.org/lccn/2014236904/2002-04-05/ed-1/seq-4/">"Black History" – "On This Day in April" – "7 1915 Billie Holiday a.k.a. 'Lady Day<span style="padding-right:0.15em;">'</span>"</a> (student newspaper). Vol. 23, no. 9. <a href="/wiki/Greensboro,_North_Carolina" title="Greensboro, North Carolina">Greensboro, North Carolina</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bennett_College" title="Bennett College">Bennett College</a>. p. 4 (cols. 1 & 2, bottom).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Black+History%22+%E2%80%93+%22On+This+Day+in+April%22+%E2%80%93+%227+1915+Billie+Holiday+a.k.a.+%27Lady+Day%3Cspan+style%3D%22padding-right%3A0.15em%3B%22%3E%26%2339%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=4+%28cols.+1+%26+2%2C+bottom%29&rft.date=2002-04-05&rft.au=Bennett+Banner&rft.au=Scott%2C+Shana+Leinaala&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewspapers.digitalnc.org%2Flccn%2F2014236904%2F2002-04-05%2Fed-1%2Fseq-4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span> <a href="/wiki/LCCN" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN">LCCN</a> <span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/2014236904/">2014236904</a></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/893622585/editions">893622585 (all editions)</a>.</li></ol></ol> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlagna,2003" class="citation book cs1">Alagna, Magdalena (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/billieholidayroc00magd/page/60/mode/2up"><i>Billie Holiday</i></a></span>. Series: "Rock & Roll Hall of Famers". <a href="/wiki/Rosen_Publishing_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosen Publishing Group">Rosen Publishing Group</a>. p. 61. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780823936403" title="Special:BookSources/9780823936403"><bdi>9780823936403</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kahle/Austin_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Kahle/Austin Foundation">Kahle/Austin Foundation</a>).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Billie+Holiday&rft.series=Series%3A+%22Rock+%26+Roll+Hall+of+Famers%22&rft.pages=61&rft.pub=Rosen+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780823936403&rft.aulast=Alagna&rft.aufirst=Magdalena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbillieholidayroc00magd%2Fpage%2F60%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span> <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/2002004540">2002-4540</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8239-3640-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8239-3640-6">0-8239-3640-6</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1028725008/editions">1028725008 (all editions)</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllMusic._Discography" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/mn0000079016/discography">"Discography" – "Billie Holiday"</a>. <a href="/wiki/All_Media_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="All Media Network">All Media Network</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 13,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Discography%22+%E2%80%93+%22Billie+Holiday&rft.pub=All+Media+Network&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fmn0000079016%2Fdiscography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaltimore_Heritage,_April_26,2018" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Heritage" title="Baltimore Heritage">Baltimore Heritage</a>; Pousson, Eli (April 26, 2018) [Last updated on April 29, 2021]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explore.baltimoreheritage.org/items/show/643">"Billie Holiday Statue – Monument by James Early Reid on Pennsylvania Avenue"</a>. baltimoreheritage.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 17,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Billie+Holiday+Statue+%E2%80%93+Monument+by+James+Early+Reid+on+Pennsylvania+Avenue&rft.pub=baltimoreheritage.org&rft.date=2018-04-26&rft.au=Baltimore+Heritage&rft.au=Pousson%2C+Eli&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexplore.baltimoreheritage.org%2Fitems%2Fshow%2F643&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF"Harlem_Hit_Parade",1942–1943" class="citation book cs1">"<a href="/wiki/Harlem_Hit_Parade" class="mw-redirect" title="Harlem Hit Parade">Harlem Hit Parade</a>" → "<a href="/wiki/Trav%27lin%27_Light_(song)" title="Trav'lin' Light (song)">Trav'lin' Light</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Paul_Whiteman" title="Paul Whiteman">Paul Whiteman and His Orchestra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capital_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital Records">Capital</a> 116. Recorded June 12, 1942, in Los Angeles.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Harlem+Hit+Parade%22+%E2%86%92+%22Trav%27lin%27+Light&rft.btitle=Billboard&rft.pub=Paul+Whiteman+and+His+Orchestra%2C+Capital+116.+Recorded+June+12%2C+1942%2C+in+Los+Angeles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span><div style="margin-left:6em">Personnel: Monty Kelly (<i>né</i> Montgomery Lovendale Kelly; 1910–1971), Larry Neill (<i>né</i> Lorentz Neill Orenstein; 1918–2006), Don Waddilove (<i>né</i> William Donald Waddilove) (trumpets); Skip Layton, <a href="/wiki/Murray_McEachern" title="Murray McEachern">Murray McEachern</a> (trombones); Alvy West (<i>né</i> Alvin Weisfeld; 1915–1912), Dan D'Andrea (<i>né</i> Daniel Glorian D'Andrea; 1909–1983) (alto saxes); Lenny Hartman, King Guion (<i>né</i> Earl King Guion; 1907–1973) (tenor sax); Tom Mace (bari sax, bass clarinet); Buddy Weed (<i>né</i> Eugene Harold Weed; 1918–1997) (piano); <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pingitore" title="Mike Pingitore">Mike Pingitore</a> (guitar, banjo); Harry Azen, Saul Blumenthal, David Newman (violins); <a href="/wiki/Artie_Shapiro" title="Artie Shapiro">Artie Shapiro</a> (bass); Willie Rodriguez (<i>né</i> William Valentino Rodriguez y Amador; 1918–1966) (drums); Billie Holiday, <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mercer" title="Johnny Mercer">Johnny Mercer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Teagarden" title="Jack Teagarden">Jack Teagarden</a> (vocalist); <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Mundy" title="Jimmy Mundy">Jimmy Mundy</a> (arranger); <a href="/wiki/Paul_Whiteman" title="Paul Whiteman">Paul Whiteman</a> (director).</div></li></ul> <ol type="1" start="1"> <ol type="i" start="1"> <li> No. 2. October 24, 1942 Vol. <b>54</b> no. 43. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LQwEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PP1-PT24&dq=%22%22harlem+hit+parade%22%2B%22trav%27lin+light%22%22">p. 25</a>. </li> <li> No. 2. October 31, 1942 Vol. <b>54</b> no. 44. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FwwEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PP1-PT23&dq=%22%22harlem+hit+parade%22%2B%22paul+whiteman%22%22">p. 24</a>. </li> <li> No. 1. November 7, 1942 Vol. <b>54</b> no. 45. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GAwEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA24&dq=%22%22harlem+hit+parade%22%2B%22trav%27lin+light%22%22">p. 24</a>. </li> <li> No. 5. November 14, 1942 Vol. <b>54</b> no. 46. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NQwEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT23&dq=%22%22harlem+hit+parade%22%2B%22trav%27lin+light%22%22">p. 24</a>. </li> <li> No. 1. November 21, 1942 Vol. <b>54</b> no. 47. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EAwEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT6&dq=%22%22harlem+hit+parade%22%2B%22trav%27lin+light%22%22">p. 24</a>. </li> <li> No. 6. November 28, 1942 Vol. <b>54</b> no. 48. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OgwEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT23&dq=%22%22harlem+hit+parade%22%2B%22trav%27lin+light%22%22">p. 24</a>. </li> <li> No. 1. December 5, 1942 Vol. <b>54</b> no. 49. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OQwEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT23&dq=%22%22harlem+hit+parade%22%2B%22trav%27lin+light%22%22">p. 24</a>. </li> <li> No. 3. December 12, 1942 Vol. <b>54</b> no. 50. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ngwEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT23&dq=%22%22harlem+hit+parade%22%2B%22trav%27lin+light%22%22">p. 24</a>. </li> <li> No. 4. December 19, 1942 Vol. <b>54</b> no. 51. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kQwEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT24&dq=%22%22harlem+hit+parade%22%2B%22trav%27lin+light%22%22">p. 25</a>. </li> <li> No. 6. December 26, 1942 Vol. <b>54</b> no. 52. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZQwEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT23&dq=%22%22harlem+hit+parade%22%2B%22trav%27lin+light%22%22">p. 25</a>. </li> <li> No. 3. January 2, 1943 Vol. <b>55</b> no. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QwwEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT29&dq=%22%22harlem+hit+parade%22%2B%22trav%27lin+light%22%22">p. 30</a>. </li> <li> No. 5. January 9, 1943 Vol. <b>55</b> no. 2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XQwEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA94&dq=%22%22harlem+hit+parade%22%2B%22trav%27lin+light%22%22">p. 30</a>. </li> <li> No. 3. January 16, 1943 Vol. <b>55</b> no. 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pQwEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT23&dq=%22%22harlem+hit+parade%22%2B%22trav%27lin+light%22%22">p. 24</a>. </li> <li> No. 7. January 23, 1943 Vol. <b>55</b> no. 4. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jgwEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT23&dq=%22%22harlem+hit+parade%22%2B%22trav%27lin+light%22%22">p. 24</a>. </li> <li> No. 6. January 30, 1943 Vol. <b>55</b> no. 5. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kgwEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT23&dq=%22%22harlem+hit+parade%22%2B%22trav%27lin+light%22%22">p. 24</a>. </li> <li> Not listed. February 6, 1943 Vol. <b>55</b> no. 6. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lwwEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT23&dq=%22%22harlem+hit+parade%22%2B%22trav%27lin+light%22%22">p. 24</a>. </li> <li> No. 8. February 13, 1943 Vol. <b>55</b> no. 7. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qAwEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT23&dq=%22%22harlem+hit+parade%22%2B%22trav%27lin+light%22%22">p. 24</a>. </li> <li> Not listed. February 20, 1943 Vol. <b>55</b> no. 8. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT23&dq=%22%22harlem+hit+parade%22%2B%22trav%27lin+light%22%22">p. 24</a>. </li> <li> No. 10. February 27, 1943 Vol. <b>55</b> no. 9. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lAwEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA24&dq=%22%22harlem+hit+parade%22%2B%22trav%27lin+light%22%22">p. 24</a>. </li> <li> No. 9. March 6, 1943 Vol. <b>55</b> no. 10. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QQwEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT23&dq=%22%22harlem+hit+parade%22%2B%22trav%27lin+light%22%22">p. 24</a>. </li> <li> N/A. March 13, 1943 Vol. <b>55</b> no. 11. [p. ]. </li> <li> N/A. March 20, 1943 Vol. <b>55</b> no. 12. [p. ]. </li> <li> No. 8. March 27, 1943 Vol. <b>55</b> no. 13. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PAwEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA1903&dq=%22%22harlem+hit+parade%22%2B%22trav%27lin+light%22%22">p. 24</a>. </li> <li> N/A. April 3, 1943 Vol. <b>55</b> no. 14. [p. ]. </li> <li> No. 7. April 10, 1943 Vol. <b>55</b> no. 15. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bwwEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT23&dq=%22%22harlem+hit+parade%22%2B%22trav%27lin+light%22%22">p. 24</a>. </li> <li> No. 6. April 17, 1943 Vol. <b>55</b> no. 16. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XgwEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT21&dq=%22%22harlem+hit+parade%22%2B%22trav%27lin+light%22%22">p. 22</a>. </li> </ol></ol> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBillboard,_December_22,1956" class="citation magazine cs1">Billboard (December 22, 1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hAoEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA26&dq=%22%22lady+sings+the+blues%22%22">"Review Spotlight on <span class="nowrap"> ... </span>" "Jazz Albums" <i>"Lady Sings the Blues</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></i>. Vol. 68, no. 1. p. 26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 7,</span> 2015</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Review+Spotlight+on+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E+...+%3C%2Fspan%3E%22+%22Jazz+Albums%22+%22Lady+Sings+the+Blues&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=26&rft.date=1956-12-22&rft.au=Billboard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhAoEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA26%26dq%3D%2522%2522lady%2Bsings%2Bthe%2Bblues%2522%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF"Billie_Holiday_Biography"" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090712074554/http://www.biography.com/articles/Billie-Holiday-9341902">"Billie Holiday Biography"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biography.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Biography.com">Biography.com</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biography.com/articles/Billie-Holiday-9341902">the original</a> on July 12, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biography.com&rft.atitle=Billie+Holiday+Biography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biography.com%2Farticles%2FBillie-Holiday-9341902&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span><div style="margin-left:6em">The article was also published in the following book → <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaw2011" class="citation book cs1">Shaw, Charles E. (<i>né</i> Charlie Edward Shaw; born 1941) (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CcJL93JgiPMC&pg=PA160">"Chapter 4: Musicians/Singers: Billie Holiday (1915–1959)"</a>. <i>The Untold Stories of Excellence – From a Life of Despair and Uncertainty to One That Offers Hope and a New Beginning</i>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomington,_Indiana" title="Bloomington, Indiana">Bloomington, Indiana</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xlibris_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Xlibris Corporation">Xlibris Corporation</a>. pp. 160–163 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a> (limited preview).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+4%3A+Musicians%2FSingers%3A+Billie+Holiday+%281915%E2%80%931959%29&rft.btitle=The+Untold+Stories+of+Excellence+%E2%80%93+From+a+Life+of+Despair+and+Uncertainty+to+One+That+Offers+Hope+and+a+New+Beginning&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+Indiana&rft.pages=160-163&rft.pub=Xlibris+Corporation&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Shaw&rft.aufirst=Charles+E.+%28%27%27n%C3%A9%27%27+Charlie+Edward+Shaw%3B+born+1941%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCcJL93JgiPMC%26pg%3DPA160&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4628-8835-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4628-8835-1">978-1-4628-8835-1</a> (hardcover), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4628-8836-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4628-8836-8">978-1-4628-8836-8</a> (softcover), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4628-4907-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4628-4907-9">978-1-4628-4907-9</a> (e-book); <a href="/wiki/Scribd" title="Scribd">Scribd</a> <span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/book/524244331">524244331</a></span>.</div></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrothers,2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Brothers" title="Thomas Brothers">Brothers, Thomas David</a> (2014). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/louisarmstrongma0000brot/page/298/mode/2up"><i>Louis Armstrong: Master of Modernism</i></a></span>. New York: <a href="/wiki/W.W._Norton_%26_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="W.W. Norton & Company">W.W. Norton & Company</a>. p. 298. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780393065824" title="Special:BookSources/9780393065824"><bdi>9780393065824</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Louis+Armstrong%3A+Master+of+Modernism&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=298&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9780393065824&rft.aulast=Brothers&rft.aufirst=Thomas+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flouisarmstrongma0000brot%2Fpage%2F298%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span> <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/2013037726">2013-37726</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-3930-6582-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-3930-6582-4">978-0-3930-6582-4</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/858940268/editions">858940268 (all editions)</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBush,2003" class="citation book cs1">Bush, John (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/allmusicguidetob0000unse/page/238/mode/2up">"Billie Holiday (Eleanora Fagan Gough)"</a>. <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/allmusicguidetob0000unse/page/238/mode/2up"><i>All Music Guide to the Blues: The Definitive Guide to the Blues</i></a></span> (3rd ed.). <a href="/wiki/All_Media_Guide" class="mw-redirect" title="All Media Guide">All Media Guide</a> & <a href="/wiki/Backbeat_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Backbeat Books">Backbeat Books</a>. pp. 239–240. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780879307363" title="Special:BookSources/9780879307363"><bdi>9780879307363</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kahle/Austin_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Kahle/Austin Foundation">Kahle/Austin Foundation</a>).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Billie+Holiday+%28Eleanora+Fagan+Gough%29&rft.btitle=All+Music+Guide+to+the+Blues%3A+The+Definitive+Guide+to+the+Blues&rft.pages=239-240&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=All+Media+Guide+%26+Backbeat+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780879307363&rft.aulast=Bush&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fallmusicguidetob0000unse%2Fpage%2F238%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span> <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/2003040408">2003-40408</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8793-0736-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8793-0736-6">0-8793-0736-6</a>.<div style="margin-left:6em">Online version → <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/artist/billie-holiday-mn0000079016/biography">"Billie Holiday: Biography & History"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 24,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Billie+Holiday%3A+Biography+%26+History&rft.pub=AllMusic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fbillie-holiday-mn0000079016%2Fbiography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></div></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChilton,1975" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Chilton" title="John Chilton">Chilton, John</a> (1989) [1987, 1983, 1978, 1977, 1975]. <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/billiesbluesbill00chilt/page/92/mode/2up?q=metronome"><i>Billie's Blues: The Billie Holiday Story, 1933–1959</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Da_Capo_Press" title="Da Capo Press">Da Capo Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780306803635" title="Special:BookSources/9780306803635"><bdi>9780306803635</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a> (<a href="/wiki/ARChive_of_Contemporary_Music" title="ARChive of Contemporary Music">ARChive of Contemporary Music </a>).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Billie%27s+Blues%3A+The+Billie+Holiday+Story%2C+1933%E2%80%931959&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=9780306803635&rft.aulast=Chilton&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbilliesbluesbill00chilt%2Fpage%2F92%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fq%3Dmetronome&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span> <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/75008837">75-8837</a>, <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/89011779">89-11779</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-3068-0363-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-3068-0363-1">0-3068-0363-1</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1257108/editions">1257108 (all editions)</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarke,2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Clarke_(writer)" title="Donald Clarke (writer)">Clarke, Donald</a> (2002) [2009, 2000, 1998, 1995, 1994]. <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/billieholidaywis0000clar/page/n3/mode/2up"><i>Billie Holiday: Wishing on the Moon</i></a></span> (First <a href="/wiki/Da_Capo_Press" title="Da Capo Press">Da Capo Press</a> ed.). <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780306811364" title="Special:BookSources/9780306811364"><bdi>9780306811364</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arcadia_Fund" title="Arcadia Fund">Arcadia Fund</a>).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Billie+Holiday%3A+Wishing+on+the+Moon&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.edition=First+Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780306811364&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbillieholidaywis0000clar%2Fpage%2Fn3%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span> <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/94008881">94-8881</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-6708-3771-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-6708-3771-7">0-6708-3771-7</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-3068-1136-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-3068-1136-7">0-3068-1136-7</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-3068-1136-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-3068-1136-4">978-0-3068-1136-4</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/30036926/editions">30036926 (all editions)</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDahl,1989" class="citation book cs1">Dahl, Linda (born 1949) (1989) [1884]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Sq4eXS-IbngC&pg=PA76&dq=%22%22elaine+leighton%22%22"><i>Stormy Weather: The Music and Lives of a Century of Jazzwomen</i></a>. pp. 76, 92 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a> (limited preview).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stormy+Weather%3A+The+Music+and+Lives+of+a+Century+of+Jazzwomen&rft.pages=76%2C+92&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Dahl&rft.aufirst=Linda+%28born+1949%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSq4eXS-IbngC%26pg%3DPA76%26dq%3D%2522%2522elaine%2Bleighton%2522%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span> <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/83019456">83-19456</a>, <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/89012352">89-12352</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8791-0128-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8791-0128-8">0-8791-0128-8</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8791-0128-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8791-0128-2">978-0-8791-0128-2</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/19888394/editions">19888394 (all editions)</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis,1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis">Davis, Angela Y.</a> (1998). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/blueslegaciesbla00davi/page/n5/mode/2up"><i>Blues Legacies and Black Feminism: Gertrude "Ma" Rainey, Bessie Smith, and Billie Holiday</i></a></span>. New York: Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780679450054" title="Special:BookSources/9780679450054"><bdi>9780679450054</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blues+Legacies+and+Black+Feminism%3A+Gertrude+%22Ma%22+Rainey%2C+Bessie+Smith%2C+and+Billie+Holiday&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780679450054&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Angela+Y.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fblueslegaciesbla00davi%2Fpage%2Fn5%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span> <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/97033021">97-33021</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-6797-7126-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-6797-7126-3">0-6797-7126-3</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDef_Pen,_July_2,2020" class="citation magazine cs1">Def Pen; Shepard, Ryan (July 2, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://defpen.com/paramount-pictures-acquires-the-united-states-vs-billie-holiday/">"Paramount Pictures Acquires the Rights to Lee Daniels' <span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span><i>The United States vs. Billie Holiday</i><span style="padding-right:0.15em;">'</span> Starring Andra Day"</a>. <i>Def Pen</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 6,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Def+Pen&rft.atitle=Paramount+Pictures+Acquires+the+Rights+to+Lee+Daniels%27+%27The+United+States+vs.+Billie+Holiday%3Cspan+style%3D%22padding-right%3A0.15em%3B%22%3E%26%2339%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E+Starring+Andra+Day&rft.date=2020-07-02&rft.au=Def+Pen&rft.au=Shepard%2C+Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdefpen.com%2Fparamount-pictures-acquires-the-united-states-vs-billie-holiday%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDufour,1999" class="citation book cs1">Dufour, Ronald Paul, PhD (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americannational11garr/page/40/mode/2up">"Holiday, Billie"</a>. <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americannational11garr/page/40/mode/2up"><i>American National Biography</i></a></span> (see <i><a href="/wiki/American_National_Biography" title="American National Biography">American National Biography</a></i>). Vol. 11. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a> under the auspices of the <a href="/wiki/American_Council_of_Learned_Societies" title="American Council of Learned Societies">American Council of Learned Societies</a>. pp. 40–42 – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Holiday%2C+Billie&rft.btitle=American+National+Biography&rft.pages=40-42&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press+under+the+auspices+of+the+American+Council+of+Learned+Societies&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Dufour&rft.aufirst=Ronald+Paul%2C+PhD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericannational11garr%2Fpage%2F40%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span> <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/98020826">98-20826</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-1952-0635-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-1952-0635-5">0-1952-0635-5</a> (set), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-1951-2790-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-1951-2790-0">0-1951-2790-0</a> (Vol. 11); <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/39182280/editions">39182280 (all editions)</a>.<div style="margin-left:6em">Online version → <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDufour2000" class="citation book cs1">Dufour, Ronald P. (February 2000). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.anb.org/view/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.001.0001/anb-9780198606697-e-1800581"><i><span></span></i>"Holiday, Billie (1915–1959), Singer"<i><span></span></i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fanb%2F9780198606697.article.1800581">10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1800581</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-860669-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-860669-7"><bdi>978-0-19-860669-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Holiday%2C+Billie+%281915%E2%80%931959%29%2C+Singer%22&rft.date=2000-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fanb%2F9780198606697.article.1800581&rft.isbn=978-0-19-860669-7&rft.aulast=Dufour&rft.aufirst=Ronald+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.anb.org%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Fanb%2F9780198606697.001.0001%2Fanb-9780198606697-e-1800581&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fanb%2F9780198606697.article.1800581">10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1800581</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-1986-0669-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-1986-0669-7">978-0-1986-0669-7</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/4825703966">4825703966</a>.</div></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEff,2013" class="citation book cs1">Eff, Elaine (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AuEaBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA63"><i>The Painted Screens of Baltimore: An Urban Folk Art Revealed</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Mississippi" title="University Press of Mississippi">University Press of Mississippi</a>. p. 63 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a> (limited preview).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Painted+Screens+of+Baltimore%3A+An+Urban+Folk+Art+Revealed&rft.pages=63&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Mississippi&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Eff&rft.aufirst=Elaine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAuEaBwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span> <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/2013015880">2013-15880</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4968-0392-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-4968-0392-2">1-4968-0392-2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-6170-3891-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-6170-3891-4">978-1-6170-3891-4</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/843228813/editions">843228813 (all editions)</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvanier,_January_6,2009" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Evanier" title="Mark Evanier">Evanier, Mark</a> (January 6, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oldtvtickets.com/2009/01/bert-parks-bandstand/">"Bert Park's Bandstand"</a>. <i>Old TV Tickets</i> (<a href="/wiki/WordPress" title="WordPress">WordPress</a> blog of <a href="/wiki/Mark_Evanier" title="Mark Evanier">Mark Evanier</a>)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 3,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Old+TV+Tickets&rft.atitle=Bert+Park%27s+Bandstand&rft.date=2009-01-06&rft.aulast=Evanier&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foldtvtickets.com%2F2009%2F01%2Fbert-parks-bandstand%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeather,1972" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Feather" title="Leonard Feather">Feather, Leonard</a> (1972). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fromsatchmotomil00feat/page/82/mode/2up"><i>From Satchmo to Miles</i></a></span>. Da Capo Press. p. 82. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780812814712" title="Special:BookSources/9780812814712"><bdi>9780812814712</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Satchmo+to+Miles&rft.pages=82&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=9780812814712&rft.aulast=Feather&rft.aufirst=Leonard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffromsatchmotomil00feat%2Fpage%2F82%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span> <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/70187311">70-187311</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-3068-0302-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-3068-0302-4">978-0-3068-0302-4</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFord,1958" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/jots.200013567/"><i>Art Ford's Jazz Party</i></a> (see <i><a href="/wiki/Jazz_Party_(TV_series)" title="Jazz Party (TV series)">Jazz Party</a></i>). 1958<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 3,</span> 2020</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+Ford%27s+Jazz+Party&rft.date=1958&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fitem%2Fjots.200013567%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGourse,2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Gourse" title="Leslie Gourse">Gourse, Leslie</a> (2000) [1997]. <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/billieholidaycom00gour_0"><i>The Billie Holiday Companion: Seven Decades of Commentary</i></a></span>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Schirmer_Trade_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Schirmer Trade Books">Schirmer Trade Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780028646138" title="Special:BookSources/9780028646138"><bdi>9780028646138</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kahle/Austin_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Kahle/Austin Foundation">Kahle/Austin Foundation</a>).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Billie+Holiday+Companion%3A+Seven+Decades+of+Commentary&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Schirmer+Trade+Books&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780028646138&rft.aulast=Gourse&rft.aufirst=Leslie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbillieholidaycom00gour_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span> <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/96031528">96-31528</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-0286-4613-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-0286-4613-4">0-0286-4613-4</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/35033730/editions">35033730 (all editions)</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHari,_January_17,2015" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Johann_Hari" title="Johann Hari">Hari, Johann</a> (January 17, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/01/drug-war-the-hunting-of-billie-holiday-114298">"The Hunting of Billie Holiday: How Lady Day Found Herself in the Middle of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics' Early Fight for Survival"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 22,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=The+Hunting+of+Billie+Holiday%3A+How+Lady+Day+Found+Herself+in+the+Middle+of+the+Federal+Bureau+of+Narcotics%27+Early+Fight+for+Survival&rft.date=2015-01-17&rft.aulast=Hari&rft.aufirst=Johann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fmagazine%2Fstory%2F2015%2F01%2Fdrug-war-the-hunting-of-billie-holiday-114298&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoliday_&_Dufty,1956" class="citation book cs1">Holiday, Billie (1992) [1984, 1956]. <a href="/wiki/William_Dufty" title="William Dufty">Dufty, William</a> (ed.). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ladysingsblues00holi_0/page/n3/mode/2up"><i>Lady Sings the Blues</i></a></span> (with a revised discography by Vincent Pelote). New York: <a href="/wiki/Doubleday_(publisher)" title="Doubleday (publisher)">Doubleday</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780140067620" title="Special:BookSources/9780140067620"><bdi>9780140067620</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a> (<a href="/wiki/Boston_Public_Library" title="Boston Public Library">Boston Public Library</a>; <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a>).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lady+Sings+the+Blues&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9780140067620&rft.aulast=Holiday&rft.aufirst=Billie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fladysingsblues00holi_0%2Fpage%2Fn3%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span> <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/56005962">56-5962</a>, <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/74153054">74-153054</a>, <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/83022014">83-22014</a>, <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/2007271682">2007-271682</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-1400-6762-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-1400-6762-0">0-1400-6762-0</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/884533/editions">884533 (all editions)</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jazzstandards.com/"><i>Jazzstandards.com</i></a>. Site creator: Jeremy R. Wilson (born 1948). Editor-in-chief: Sandra Burlingame (<i>née</i> Sandra Burlingame Gast; born 1937). <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a>: Jazzstandards.com, LLC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 13,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jazzstandards.com&rft.place=Portland%2C+Oregon&rft.series=Site+creator%3A+Jeremy+R.+Wilson+%28born+1948%29.+Editor-in-chief%3A+Sandra+Burlingame+%28%27%27n%C3%A9e%27%27+Sandra+Burlingame+Gast%3B+born+1937%29&rft.pub=Jazzstandards.com%2C+LLC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jazzstandards.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/71004558">71004558</a>.</li></ul> <ol type="1" start="1"> <ol type="i" start="1"> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJazzstandards.com,_"1940s"" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Chris_Tyle" title="Chris Tyle">Tyle, Chris</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jazzstandards.com/history/history-4.htm"><i><span></span></i>"Jazz History: The Standards" (1940s)<i><span></span></i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 13,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Jazz+History%3A+The+Standards%22+%281940s%29&rft.aulast=Tyle&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jazzstandards.com%2Fhistory%2Fhistory-4.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJazzstandards.com,_"Lover_Man"" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Jeremy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jazzstandards.com/compositions-0/loverman.htm"><i><span></span></i>"Lover Man" ("Oh, Where Can You Be?") (1942)<i><span></span></i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 7,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Lover+Man%22+%28%22Oh%2C+Where+Can+You+Be%3F%22%29+%281942%29&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jazzstandards.com%2Fcompositions-0%2Floverman.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></li></ol></ol> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJazzTimes,_October_7,2021" class="citation magazine cs1">JazzTimes; <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Porter" title="Lewis Porter">Porter, Lewis</a> (October 7, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jazztimes.com/features/profiles/the-united-states-vs-billie-holiday-vs-the-truth/">"<i>The United States vs. Billie Holiday</i> vs. the Truth"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/JazzTimes" title="JazzTimes">JazzTimes</a></i> (film review)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 7,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JazzTimes&rft.atitle=The+United+States+vs.+Billie+Holiday+vs.+the+Truth&rft.date=2021-10-07&rft.au=JazzTimes&rft.au=Porter%2C+Lewis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjazztimes.com%2Ffeatures%2Fprofiles%2Fthe-united-states-vs-billie-holiday-vs-the-truth%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJepsen,1969" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B8rgen_Grunnet_Jepsen" class="extiw" title="de:Jørgen Grunnet Jepsen">Jepsen, Jørgen Grunnet</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in German]</span> (1969) [1960?]. <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/discographyofbil00jeps/page/n1/mode/2up"><i>A Discography of Billie Holiday</i></a></span> (author's surname is often misspelled in library catalogs as "Jepson"). <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Emil_Knudsen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Emil Knudsen (page does not exist)">Karl Emil Knudsen</a> <a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Emil_Knudsen" class="extiw" title="nl:Karl Emil Knudsen">(nl)</a> (publisher) – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a> (<a href="/wiki/ARChive_of_Contemporary_Music" title="ARChive of Contemporary Music">ARChive of Contemporary Music</a>).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Discography+of+Billie+Holiday&rft.place=Copenhagen&rft.pub=Karl+Emil+Knudsen+%28nl%29+%28publisher%29&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Jepsen&rft.aufirst=J%C3%B8rgen+Grunnet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdiscographyofbil00jeps%2Fpage%2Fn1%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/879783/editions">879783 (all editions)</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatz,2002" class="citation book cs1">Katz, Joel (producer, director, writer) (2002). <i>Strange Fruit</i> (documentary; <a href="/wiki/35_mm_movie_film" title="35 mm movie film">35 mm film</a> & <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a>, 56:29 minutes). <a href="/wiki/California_Newsreel" title="California Newsreel">California Newsreel</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Strange+Fruit&rft.pub=California+Newsreel&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Katz&rft.aufirst=Joel+%28producer%2C+director%2C+writer%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span> Premiered April 8, 2003, 10:00 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r920966791">.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}</style><span class="smallcaps">pm</span> on <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Independent_Lens" title="Independent Lens">Independent Lens</a></i> → <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0350166/"><i>Strange Fruit</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/56733073/editions">56733073 (all editions)</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuehl_&_Schocket,1973" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Linda_Lipnack_Kuehl" title="Linda Lipnack Kuehl">Kuehl, Linda (<i>né</i> Linda Victoria Lipnack; 1940–1978)</a>; Schocket, Ellie (<i>née</i> Elsa D. Schocket; born 1941) (1973). <i>Billie Holiday Remembered</i> (booklet for exhibition of pictures, records, films, momentos, and spoken recollections, April 7, 1972 – June 30, 1972, compiled and arranged by Kuehl & Schocket; assisted by Dan Morgenstern). <a href="/wiki/New_York_Jazz_Museum" title="New York Jazz Museum">New York Jazz Museum</a> (publisher).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Billie+Holiday+Remembered&rft.pub=New+York+Jazz+Museum+%28publisher%29&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Kuehl&rft.aufirst=Linda+%28%27%27n%C3%A9%27%27+Linda+Victoria+Lipnack%3B+1940%E2%80%931978%29&rft.au=Schocket%2C+Ellie+%28%27%27n%C3%A9e%27%27+Elsa+D.+Schocket%3B+born+1941%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span> <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/77373175">77-373175</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1358163/editions">1358163 (all editions)</a>.<div style="margin-left:6em">Note: One year, eleven months, three weeks, and three days after the exhibition opening, Schocket married Morgenstern.</div></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLady_Love,1962" class="citation book cs1"><i>Lady Love</i> (liner notes by <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Feather" title="Leonard Feather">Leonard Feather</a> and <a href="/wiki/LeRoi_Jones" class="mw-redirect" title="LeRoi Jones">LeRoi Jones</a>). <a href="/wiki/United_Artists_Records" title="United Artists Records">United Artists Records</a>, UAJ-14014. 1962.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lady+Love&rft.pub=United+Artists+Records%2C+UAJ-14014&rft.date=1962&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/15585296/editions">15585296 (all editions)</a>.<div style="margin-left:6em"><i>Lady Love</i> is a 1962 issue of selections from a concert in <a href="/wiki/Basel,_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Basel, Switzerland">Basel, Switzerland</a>, February 4, 1954, during Holiday's 1954 European tour, "Jazz Club U.S.A." The location and date of this session had been previously listed incorrectly as a concert in <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>, January 23, 1954. The correction was supplied by Arild Widerøe, a Swiss Jazz discographer. The master recording was (i) taken from a tape supplied by Roman Flury, a musicologist and, back then, editor at Radio Basel (a station in Basel that ran from 1926 to 1972) and (ii) given to Leonard Feather (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lordisco.com/"><i><span></span></i>Billie Holiday [H7137].<i> The Jazz Discography Online</i></a></span>. [see <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jazz_Discography" title="The Jazz Discography">The Jazz Discography</a></i>]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Billie+Holiday+%5BH7137%5D.+The+Jazz+Discography+Online&rft.series=%5Bsee+%27%27The+Jazz+Discography%27%27%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flordisco.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span> This note is in the online edition of <i>The Jazz Discography</i> – retrieved September 15, 2022 – not in the 1994 hardcopy edition, Vol. 9).</div></li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Side A:</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ol type="1" start="1"> <ol type="1" start="1"> <li> Announcement, by <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Feather" title="Leonard Feather">Leonard Feather</a></li> <li> "<a href="/wiki/Blue_Moon_(1934_song)" title="Blue Moon (1934 song)">Blue Moon</a>"</li> <li> "<a href="/wiki/All_of_Me_(jazz_standard)" title="All of Me (jazz standard)">All of Me</a>"</li> <li> "<a href="/wiki/Mon_Homme" title="Mon Homme">My Man</a>"</li> <li> "<a href="/wiki/Them_There_Eyes" title="Them There Eyes">Them There Eyes</a>"</li> <li> "<a href="/wiki/I_Cried_For_You" class="mw-redirect" title="I Cried For You">I Cried For You</a>"</li> <li> "<a href="/wiki/What_a_Little_Moonlight_Can_Do" title="What a Little Moonlight Can Do">What a Little Moonlight Can Do</a>"</li> <li> "<a href="/wiki/I_Cover_the_Waterfront_(song)" title="I Cover the Waterfront (song)">I Cover The Waterfront</a>"</li></ol></ol> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Side B:</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ol type="1" start="1"> <ol type="1" start="1"> <li> "<a href="/wiki/Billie%27s_Blues" title="Billie's Blues">Billie's Blues</a>"</li> <li> "<a href="/wiki/Lover,_Come_Back_to_Me" title="Lover, Come Back to Me">Lover, Come Back to Me</a>"</li></ol></ol> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLahr,_December_20,2018" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Lahr" title="John Lahr">Lahr, John</a> (December 20, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lrb.co.uk/v40/n24/john-lahr/her-haunted-heart">"Her Haunted Heart"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/London_Review_of_Books" title="London Review of Books">London Review of Books</a></i> (review of a new release of the 1956 book, <i><a href="/wiki/Lady_Sings_the_Blues_(book)" title="Lady Sings the Blues (book)">Lady Sings the Blues</a></i>). <b>40</b> (24).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=London+Review+of+Books&rft.atitle=Her+Haunted+Heart&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=24&rft.date=2018-12-20&rft.aulast=Lahr&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lrb.co.uk%2Fv40%2Fn24%2Fjohn-lahr%2Fher-haunted-heart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0260-9592">0260-9592</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/7950756292">7950756292</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLife,_October_11,1943" class="citation magazine cs1">Life; <a href="/wiki/Gjon_Mili" title="Gjon Mili">Mili, Gjon (photographer)</a> (October 11, 1943). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MlcEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA121&dq=%22%22popular+vocalist%22%22">"Music: Jam Session"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Life_(magazine)" title="Life (magazine)">Life</a></i>. Vol. 15, no. 15. pp. 117–124 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Life&rft.atitle=Music%3A+Jam+Session&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=15&rft.pages=117-124&rft.date=1943-10-11&rft.au=Life&rft.au=Mili%2C+Gjon+%28photographer%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMlcEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA121%26dq%3D%2522%2522popular%2Bvocalist%2522%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0024-3019">0024-3019</a>.</li></ul> <div style="margin-left:6em">Photo caption: "Billie Holiday sings '<a href="/wiki/Fine_and_Mellow" title="Fine and Mellow">Fine and Mellow</a>,' a blues recorded for the <a href="/wiki/Commodore_Records" title="Commodore Records">Commadore</a> label. She has the most distinctive style of any popular vocalist, is imitated by other vocalists."</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMargolick,2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Margolick" title="David Margolick">Margolick, David</a> (2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/strangefruitbill00marg/page/24/mode/2up"><i>Strange Fruit: Billie Holiday, Café Society, and an Early Cry for Civil Rights</i></a></span>. Philadelphia: <a href="/wiki/Running_Press" title="Running Press">Running Press</a>. pp. 25–27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780762406777" title="Special:BookSources/9780762406777"><bdi>9780762406777</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Strange+Fruit%3A+Billie+Holiday%2C+Caf%C3%A9+Society%2C+and+an+Early+Cry+for+Civil+Rights&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=25-27&rft.pub=Running+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780762406777&rft.aulast=Margolick&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstrangefruitbill00marg%2Fpage%2F24%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span> <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/99074354">99-74354</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7624-0677-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7624-0677-1">0-7624-0677-1</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/43723261/editions">43723261 (all editions)</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillar,1994" class="citation book cs1">Millar, Jack (1994) [1979]. <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/borntosingdiscog00mill/page/n1/mode/2up"><i>Fine and Mellow: A Discography of Billie Holiday</i></a></span> [<i>Born to Sing: A Discography of Billie Holiday</i>]. London: Billie Holiday Circle – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a> (<a href="/wiki/ARChive_of_Contemporary_Music" title="ARChive of Contemporary Music">ARChive of Contemporary Music</a>).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fine+and+Mellow%3A+A+Discography+of+Billie+Holiday&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Billie+Holiday+Circle&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Millar&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fborntosingdiscog00mill%2Fpage%2Fn1%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span> <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/93169341">93-169341</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-8991-6100-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-8991-6100-7">1-8991-6100-7</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/8435589/editions">8435589 (all editions)</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEssential_Billie_Holiday,1989" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cd_the-essential-billie-holidaythe-carnegie-h_billie-holiday/"><i>The Essential Billie Holiday – The Carnegie Hall Concert</i></a> (<a href="/wiki/CD" class="mw-redirect" title="CD">CD</a>. Recorded November 10, 1956, <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Hall" title="Carnegie Hall">Carnegie Hall</a>). <a href="/wiki/Verve_Records" title="Verve Records">Verve Records</a> (<a href="/wiki/PolyGram_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="PolyGram Records">PolyGram Records</a>) 833-767-2. 1989 [2015, 1969; originally released in 1961 → Verve (E)2304117] – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kahle-Austin_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Kahle-Austin Foundation">Kahle-Austin Foundation</a>) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access#Free_access" title="Free to read"><img alt="Free access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a></span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Essential+Billie+Holiday+%E2%80%93+The+Carnegie+Hall+Concert&rft.pub=Verve+Records+%28PolyGram+Records%29+833-767-2&rft.date=1989&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcd_the-essential-billie-holidaythe-carnegie-h_billie-holiday%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/20423720/editions">20423720 (all editions)</a>.<div style="margin-left:6em">Additional access → <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.discogs.com/release/4524386">The Essential Billie Holiday</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Discogs" title="Discogs">Discogs</a></div></li></ul> <ol type="1" start="1"> <ol type="i" start="1"> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillstein,_June1961" class="citation book cs1">Millstein, Gilbert (1915–1999) (June 1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cd_the-essential-billie-holidaythe-carnegie-h_billie-holiday/"><i><span></span></i>1st liner note<i><span></span></i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1st+liner+note&rft.date=1961-06&rft.aulast=Millstein&rft.aufirst=Gilbert+%281915%E2%80%931999%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcd_the-essential-billie-holidaythe-carnegie-h_billie-holiday%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHentoff,n.d." class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nat_Hentoff" title="Nat Hentoff">Hentoff, Nat</a> (n.d.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cd_the-essential-billie-holidaythe-carnegie-h_billie-holiday/"><i><span></span></i>2nd liner note<i><span></span></i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=2nd+liner+note&rft.aulast=Hentoff&rft.aufirst=Nat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcd_the-essential-billie-holidaythe-carnegie-h_billie-holiday%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedwald,_June1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Will_Friedwald" title="Will Friedwald">Friedwald, Will</a> (June 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cd_the-essential-billie-holidaythe-carnegie-h_billie-holiday/"><i><span></span></i>3rd liner note<i><span></span></i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=3rd+liner+note&rft.date=1989-06&rft.aulast=Friedwald&rft.aufirst=Will&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcd_the-essential-billie-holidaythe-carnegie-h_billie-holiday%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></li></ol></ol> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF"New_Jersey_Death_Index"" class="citation book cs1"><i><span></span></i>"New Jersey, U.S., Death Index, 1848–1878, 1901–2017"<i><span></span></i> (Elaine Leighton → Date of birth: 22 May 1926 → Place of birth: New York City → Date of death: 13 May 2012 → Place of death: New Jersey). <a href="/wiki/Lehi,_Utah" title="Lehi, Utah">Lehi, Utah</a>. 2016 – via <a href="/wiki/Ancestry.com" title="Ancestry.com">Ancestry.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22New+Jersey%2C+U.S.%2C+Death+Index%2C+1848%E2%80%931878%2C+1901%E2%80%932017%22&rft.place=Lehi%2C+Utah&rft.date=2016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNew_Yorker,_April_3,2015" class="citation magazine cs1"><i>New Yorker</i> (<i>The</i>); <a href="/wiki/Richard_Brody" title="Richard Brody">Brody, Richard</a> (April 3, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/culture/cultural-comment/the-art-of-billie-holidays-life">"The Art of Billie Holiday's Life"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i> (review of <a href="/wiki/John_Szwed" title="John Szwed">Szwed</a>'s 2015 book, <i>Billie Holiday: The Musician and the Myth</i>). Cultural Comment<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=The+Art+of+Billie+Holiday%27s+Life&rft.date=2015-04-03&rft.au=%27%27New+Yorker%27%27+%28%27%27The%27%27%29&rft.au=Brody%2C+Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fculture%2Fcultural-comment%2Fthe-art-of-billie-holidays-life&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicholson,1995" class="citation book cs1">Nicholson, Stuart (1995). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/billieholiday00nich/page/n5/mode/2up"><i>Billie Holiday</i></a></span>. Boston: <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern University Press">Northeastern University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781555532482" title="Special:BookSources/9781555532482"><bdi>9781555532482</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brewster_Kahle" title="Brewster Kahle">Kahle/Austin Foundation</a>).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Billie+Holiday&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Northeastern+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9781555532482&rft.aulast=Nicholson&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbillieholiday00nich%2Fpage%2Fn5%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span> <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/95016155">95-16155</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-5555-3303-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-5555-3303-5">1-5555-3303-5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5555-3303-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5555-3303-8">978-1-5555-3303-8</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-5555-3248-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-5555-3248-9">1-5555-3248-9</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5555-3248-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5555-3248-2">978-1-5555-3248-2</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/32348099/editions">32348099 (all editions)</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Novaes, Paulo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billieholidaysongs.com"><i><span></span></i>Billie Holiday Songs<i><span></span></i></a>. (<a href="/wiki/WordPress" title="WordPress">WordPress</a> blog of Paulo Novaes, Publisher; Fernanda Novaes, Art Director, Brazil). Billie Holiday Songs at www.billieholidaysongs.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 18,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Billie+Holiday+Songs&rft.series=%28WordPress+blog+of+Paulo+Novaes%2C+Publisher%3B+Fernanda+Novaes%2C+Art+Director%2C+Brazil%29&rft.pub=Billie+Holiday+Songs+at+www.billieholidaysongs.com&rft.aulast=Novaes&rft.aufirst=Paulo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.billieholidaysongs.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ol type="1" start="1"> <div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;">The below 10 online references were originally retrieved November 13, 2010, and are archived via <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></div> <ol type="i" start="1"> <li> <div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNovaes,_"Live_Songs,"1935" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100423114132/http://www.billieholidaysongs.com/live_songs.htm"><i><span></span></i>"Live Songs – 1935"<i><span></span></i></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.billieholidaysongs.com/live_songs.htm">the original</a> on April 23, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Live+Songs+%E2%80%93+1935%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.billieholidaysongs.com%2Flive_songs.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></div></li> <li> <div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNovaes,_"Live_Songs,"1937" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100423114132/http://www.billieholidaysongs.com/live_songs.htm#1937"><i><span></span></i>"Live Songs – 1937"<i><span></span></i></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.billieholidaysongs.com/live_songs.htm#1937">the original</a> on April 23, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Live+Songs+%E2%80%93+1937%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.billieholidaysongs.com%2Flive_songs.htm%231937&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></div></li> <li> <div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNovaes,_"Studio_Songs,"1936" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100528124535/http://www.billieholidaysongs.com/all_songs.htm#1936"><i><span></span></i>"Studio Songs – 1936"<i><span></span></i></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.billieholidaysongs.com/all_songs.htm#1936">the original</a> on May 28, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Studio+Songs+%E2%80%93+1936%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.billieholidaysongs.com%2Fall_songs.htm%231936&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></div></li> <li> <div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNovaes,_"Studio_Songs,"1939" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120414163506/http://www.billieholidaysongs.com/all_songs.htm"><i><span></span></i>"Studio Songs – 1939"<i><span></span></i></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.billieholidaysongs.com/all_songs.htm#1939">the original</a> on April 14, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Studio+Songs+%E2%80%93+1939%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.billieholidaysongs.com%2Fall_songs.htm%231939&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></div></li> <li> <div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNovaes,_"Studio_Songs,"1944" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100528124535/http://www.billieholidaysongs.com/all_songs.htm#1944"><i><span></span></i>"Studio Songs – 1944"<i><span></span></i></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.billieholidaysongs.com/all_songs.htm#1944">the original</a> on May 28, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Studio+Songs+%E2%80%93+1944%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.billieholidaysongs.com%2Fall_songs.htm%231944&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></div></li> <li> <div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNovaes,_"Studio_Songs,"1945" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100528124535/http://www.billieholidaysongs.com/all_songs.htm#1945"><i><span></span></i>"Studio Songs – 1945"<i><span></span></i></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.billieholidaysongs.com/all_songs.htm#1945">the original</a> on May 28, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Studio+Songs+%E2%80%93+1945%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.billieholidaysongs.com%2Fall_songs.htm%231945&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></div></li> <li> <div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNovaes,_"Studio_Discography"" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100702060641/http://www.billieholidaysongs.com/vinyl_discography.htm"><i><span></span></i>"Studio Discography"<i><span></span></i></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.billieholidaysongs.com/vinyl_discography.htm">the original</a> on July 2, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Studio+Discography%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.billieholidaysongs.com%2Fvinyl_discography.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></div></li> <li> <div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNovaes,_"Favorites"" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120225224251/http://www.billieholidaysongs.com/LP_discography.htm"><i><span></span></i>"Favorites"<i><span></span></i></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.billieholidaysongs.com/LP_discography.htm">the original</a> on February 25, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Favorites%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.billieholidaysongs.com%2FLP_discography.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></div></li> <li> <div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNovaes,_"The_Composers"" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110310062032/http://www.billieholidaysongs.com/the_composers.htm"><i><span></span></i>"Discography: The Composers"<i><span></span></i></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billieholidaysongs.com/composers-2-2/all-songscomposers/">the original</a> on March 10, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Discography%3A+The+Composers%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.billieholidaysongs.com%2Fcomposers-2-2%2Fall-songscomposers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></div></li> <li> <div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNovaes,_"Musicians"" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100831024022/http://www.billieholidaysongs.com/the_musicians.htm#Wilson"><i><span></span></i>"Discography: Her Musicians"<i><span></span></i></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.billieholidaysongs.com/the_musicians.htm#Wilson">the original</a> on August 31, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Discography%3A+Her+Musicians%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.billieholidaysongs.com%2Fthe_musicians.htm%23Wilson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></div></li></ol></ol> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Meally,1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_G._O%27Meally" title="Robert G. O'Meally">O'Meally, Robert George, PhD</a> (1991). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ladydaymanyfaces00omea/page/64/mode/2up?q=Philadelphia"><i>Lady Day: The Many Faces of Billie Holiday</i></a></span>. New York: Da Capo Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781559701471" title="Special:BookSources/9781559701471"><bdi>9781559701471</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lady+Day%3A+The+Many+Faces+of+Billie+Holiday&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9781559701471&rft.aulast=O%27Meally&rft.aufirst=Robert+George%2C+PhD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fladydaymanyfaces00omea%2Fpage%2F64%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fq%3DPhiladelphia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-3068-0959-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-3068-0959-0">978-0-3068-0959-0</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/45009756/editions">45009756 (all editions)</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOstendorf,_May1993" class="citation journal cs1">Ostendorf, Berndt (May 1993). "Book Review: <i>Lady Day: The Many Faces of Billie Holiday</i> by Robert O'Meally". <i>Popular Music</i>. <b>12</b> (2). <a href="/wiki/International_Association_for_the_Study_of_Popular_Music" title="International Association for the Study of Popular Music">International Association for the Study of Popular Music</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>: 201–202. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0261143000005602">10.1017/s0261143000005602</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-1430">0261-1430</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/931303">931303</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:161429886">161429886</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Popular+Music&rft.atitle=Book+Review%3A+Lady+Day%3A+The+Many+Faces+of+Billie+Holiday+by+Robert+O%27Meally&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=201-202&rft.date=1993-05&rft.issn=0261-1430&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A161429886%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F931303%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0261143000005602&rft.aulast=Ostendorf&rft.aufirst=Berndt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5304202560">5304202560</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5548500290">5548500290</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/4668893513">4668893513</a> & <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/8271328299">8271328299</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRipatrazone,_August_14,2018" class="citation magazine cs1">Ripatrazone, Nick (August 14, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://themillions.com/2018/08/the-rhythm-becomes-a-thing-of-the-spirit-on-religion-around-billie-holiday-by-tracy-fessenden.html">"The Rhythm Becomes a Thing of the Spirit: On <span style="padding-left:0.15em;">'</span><i>Religion Around Billie Holiday</i><span style="padding-right:0.15em;">'</span> by Tracy Fessenden"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Millions" title="The Millions">The Millions</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/PWxyz,_LLC" class="mw-redirect" title="PWxyz, LLC">PWxyz, LLC</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 11,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Millions&rft.atitle=The+Rhythm+Becomes+a+Thing+of+the+Spirit%3A+On+%3Cspan+style%3D%22padding-left%3A0.15em%3B%22%3E%26%2339%3B%3C%2Fspan%3EReligion+Around+Billie+Holiday%3Cspan+style%3D%22padding-right%3A0.15em%3B%22%3E%26%2339%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E+by+Tracy+Fessenden&rft.date=2018-08-14&rft.aulast=Ripatrazone&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthemillions.com%2F2018%2F08%2Fthe-rhythm-becomes-a-thing-of-the-spirit-on-religion-around-billie-holiday-by-tracy-fessenden.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span><div style="margin-left:6em">Book reviewed: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFessenden2018" class="citation book cs1">Fessenden, Tracy (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Msy4DwAAQBAJ"><i>Religion Around Billie Holiday</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennsylvania State University Press">Pennsylvania State University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion+Around+Billie+Holiday&rft.pub=Pennsylvania+State+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Fessenden&rft.aufirst=Tracy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMsy4DwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span> <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/2017058145">2017-58145</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-2710-8095-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-2710-8095-7">0-2710-8095-7</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-2710-8095-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-2710-8095-6">978-0-2710-8095-6</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1013821115/editions">1013821115 (all editions)</a>.</div></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRock_&_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rockhall.com/inductees/billie-holiday">"Billie Holiday | Rock & Roll Hall of Fame"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 28,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Billie+Holiday+%26%23124%3B+Rock+%26+Roll+Hall+of+Fame&rft.pub=Rock+and+Roll+Hall+of+Fame&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rockhall.com%2Finductees%2Fbillie-holiday&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenstein,2018" class="citation book cs1">Rosenstein, Carole (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YHhQDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT134"><i>Understanding Cultural Policy</i></a>. Routledge. p. 134.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Cultural+Policy&rft.pages=134&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Rosenstein&rft.aufirst=Carole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYHhQDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span> <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/2017049690">2017-49690</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-3155-2683-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-3155-2683-6">978-1-3155-2683-6</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-1386-9533-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-1386-9533-7">978-1-1386-9533-7</a> (hardback), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-1386-9535-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-1386-9535-1">978-1-1386-9535-1</a> (paperback).</li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaw,1971" class="citation book cs1">Shaw, Arnold (<i>né</i> Arnold Sokolof; 1909–1989) (1971). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/52ndstreetstreet00shaw/page/n3/mode/2up"><i>52nd Street, The Street of Jazz</i></a></span>. Da Capo Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780306800689" title="Special:BookSources/9780306800689"><bdi>9780306800689</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a> (<a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_Urbana-Champaign" title="University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign">University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign</a>).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=52nd+Street%2C+The+Street+of+Jazz&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=9780306800689&rft.aulast=Shaw&rft.aufirst=Arnold+%28%27%27n%C3%A9%27%27+Arnold+Sokolof%3B+1909%E2%80%931989%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2F52ndstreetstreet00shaw%2Fpage%2Fn3%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span> <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/77023547">77-23547</a>, <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/2010481663">2010-481663</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-3068-0068-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-3068-0068-9">978-0-3068-0068-9</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/760122544/editions">760122544 (all editions)</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheldon,2011" class="citation book cs1">Sheldon, Harvey (<i>né</i> Harvey Saltzman; born 1936) (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofgoldena00shel/page/334/mode/2up">"Billie Holiday"</a>. <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofgoldena00shel/page/334/mode/2up"><i>The History of the Golden Age of Pop Music of the 30's, 40's, 50's & 60's</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Charleston, South Carolina</a>: <a href="/wiki/BookSurge" class="mw-redirect" title="BookSurge">BookSurge</a>. pp. 334–350. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781461091059" title="Special:BookSources/9781461091059"><bdi>9781461091059</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a> (<a href="/wiki/ARChive_of_Contemporary_Music" title="ARChive of Contemporary Music">ARChive of Contemporary Music</a>).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Billie+Holiday&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Golden+Age+of+Pop+Music+of+the+30%27s%2C+40%27s%2C+50%27s+%26+60%27s&rft.place=Charleston%2C+South+Carolina&rft.pages=334-350&rft.pub=BookSurge&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781461091059&rft.aulast=Sheldon&rft.aufirst=Harvey+%28%27%27n%C3%A9%27%27+Harvey+Saltzman%3B+born+1936%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofgoldena00shel%2Fpage%2F334%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4610-9105-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4610-9105-9">978-1-4610-9105-9</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4610-9105-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-4610-9105-5">1-4610-9105-5</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/759118310/editions">759118310 (all editions)</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSzwed,2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Szwed" title="John Szwed">Szwed, John F., PhD</a> (2015). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/billieholidaymus0000szwe_m3h1/page/n7/mode/2up"><i>Billie Holiday: The Musician and The Myth</i></a></span>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Viking_Press" title="Viking Press">Viking Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780670014729" title="Special:BookSources/9780670014729"><bdi>9780670014729</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kahle/Austin_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Kahle/Austin Foundation">Kahle/Austin Foundation</a>).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Billie+Holiday%3A+The+Musician+and+The+Myth&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Viking+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9780670014729&rft.aulast=Szwed&rft.aufirst=John+F.%2C+PhD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbillieholidaymus0000szwe_m3h1%2Fpage%2Fn7%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span> <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/2015001092">2015-1092</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-6700-1472-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-6700-1472-9">978-0-6700-1472-9</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/900333018/editions">900333018 (all editions)</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThem,_January_12,2021" class="citation web cs1">Them; Kim, Michelle Hyun (January 12, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.them.us/story/billie-holiday-biopic-hulu-trailer-andra-day-natasha-lyonne">"Watch Andra Day as Black, Bisexual Icon Billie Holiday in New Biopic Trailer"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Them_(website)" title="Them (website)">Them</a></i> (review of the 2021 film, <i><a href="/wiki/The_United_States_vs._Billie_Holiday" title="The United States vs. Billie Holiday">The United States vs. Billie Holiday</a></i>)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Them&rft.atitle=Watch+Andra+Day+as+Black%2C+Bisexual+Icon+Billie+Holiday+in+New+Biopic+Trailer&rft.date=2021-01-12&rft.au=Them&rft.au=Kim%2C+Michelle+Hyun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.them.us%2Fstory%2Fbillie-holiday-biopic-hulu-trailer-andra-day-natasha-lyonne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tsort.info">"Tsort.info"</a> (blog of Steven Hawtin <i>et al.,</i> of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>.).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tsort.info&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftsort.info&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ol type="1" start="1"> <ol type="i" start="1"> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTsort.info,_"Billie_Holiday"" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tsort.info/music/m8ravs.htm"><i><span></span></i>"Song Artist 178: 'Billie Holiday<span style="padding-right:0.15em;">'</span>"<i><span></span></i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 13,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Song+Artist+178%3A+%27Billie+Holiday%3Cspan+style%3D%22padding-right%3A0.15em%3B%22%3E%26%2339%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftsort.info%2Fmusic%2Fm8ravs.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTsort.info,_"Summertime"" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tsort.info/music/b7senr.htm"><i><span></span></i>"Song Title 109: 'Summertime<span style="padding-right:0.15em;">'</span>"<i><span></span></i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 13,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Song+Title+109%3A+%27Summertime%3Cspan+style%3D%22padding-right%3A0.15em%3B%22%3E%26%2339%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftsort.info%2Fmusic%2Fb7senr.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></li></ol></ol> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVail,1996" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Vail" class="extiw" title="de:Ken Vail">Vail, Ken (1939–2013)</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in German]</span> (1996). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ladydaysdiarylif00vail/page/n1/mode/2up"><i>Lady Day's Diary: The Life of Billie Holiday, 1937–1959</i></a></span> (1st ed.). Castle Communications PLC. p. 125. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781860741319" title="Special:BookSources/9781860741319"><bdi>9781860741319</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a> (<a href="/wiki/ARChive_of_Contemporary_Music" title="ARChive of Contemporary Music">ARChive of Contemporary Music</a>).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lady+Day%27s+Diary%3A+The+Life+of+Billie+Holiday%2C+1937%E2%80%931959&rft.pages=125&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Castle+Communications+PLC&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9781860741319&rft.aulast=Vail&rft.aufirst=Ken+%281939%E2%80%932013%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fladydaysdiarylif00vail%2Fpage%2Fn1%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span> <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/96212448">96-212448</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/186074-131-2" title="Special:BookSources/186074-131-2">186074-131-2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-8607-4131-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-8607-4131-9">978-1-8607-4131-9</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/35561548/editions">35561548 (all editions)</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker,_November2002" class="citation web cs1">Walker, Toby (born 1956) (November 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100823042136/http://www.soulwalking.co.uk/billie%20holiday.html">"Billie Holiday"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Blog" title="Blog">blog</a>: "Toby Walker's guide to soul music, including over a thousand biographies of artists" – founded January 2001). SoulWalking.co.uk. <a href="/wiki/Surbiton,_Surrey" class="mw-redirect" title="Surbiton, Surrey">Surbiton, Surrey</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soulwalking.co.uk/Billie%20Holiday.html">the original</a> on August 23, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 20,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Billie+Holiday&rft.place=Surbiton%2C+Surrey&rft.series=SoulWalking.co.uk&rft.date=2002-11&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Toby+%28born+1956%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.soulwalking.co.uk%2FBillie%2520Holiday.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span> Toby Walker's website → <span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tobywalker.co.uk">www<wbr />.tobywalker<wbr />.co<wbr />.uk</a></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite,1987" class="citation book cs1">White, John (1987). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/billieholidayher00white/page/110/mode/2up?q=rites"><i>Billie Holiday: Her Life & Times</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Spellmount" class="mw-redirect" title="Spellmount">Spellmount</a>. p. 110. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780946771462" title="Special:BookSources/9780946771462"><bdi>9780946771462</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a> (<a href="/wiki/ARChive_of_Contemporary_Music" title="ARChive of Contemporary Music">ARChive of Contemporary Music</a>).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Billie+Holiday%3A+Her+Life+%26+Times&rft.pages=110&rft.pub=Spellmount&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=9780946771462&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbillieholidayher00white%2Fpage%2F110%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fq%3Drites&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span> <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/87005966">87-5966</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9467-7146-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-9467-7146-4">0-9467-7146-4</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9467-7146-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9467-7146-2">978-0-9467-7146-2</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b>News media</b></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuardian,_May_3,2015" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian"><i>Guardian</i> (<i>The</i>)</a>; <a href="/wiki/Neil_Spencer" title="Neil Spencer">Spencer, Neil</a> (May 3, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/03/billie-holiday-musician-myth-review-john-szwed-celebration-true-original">"<i>Billie Holiday: The Musician and the Myth</i> Review – A Celebration of a True Original"</a> (review of <a href="/wiki/John_Szwed" title="John Szwed">Szwed</a>'s 2015 book, <i>Billie Holiday: The Musician and the Myth</i>).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Billie+Holiday%3A+The+Musician+and+the+Myth+Review+%E2%80%93+A+Celebration+of+a+True+Original&rft.date=2015-05-03&rft.au=%27%27Guardian%27%27+%28%27%27The%27%27%29&rft.au=Spencer%2C+Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2015%2Fmay%2F03%2Fbillie-holiday-musician-myth-review-john-szwed-celebration-true-original&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIndiana_Public_Media,_March_4,2006" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Public_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Indiana Public Media">Indiana Public Media</a>; Johnson, David Brent (March 4, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianapublicmedia.org/nightlights/ghosts-of-yesterday-billie-holiday-and-the-two-irenes-a-jazz-mystery.php#program-article">"Ghosts of Yesterday: Billie Holiday and the Two Irenes"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ghosts+of+Yesterday%3A+Billie+Holiday+and+the+Two+Irenes&rft.date=2006-03-04&rft.au=Indiana+Public+Media&rft.au=Johnson%2C+David+Brent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianapublicmedia.org%2Fnightlights%2Fghosts-of-yesterday-billie-holiday-and-the-two-irenes-a-jazz-mystery.php%23program-article&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLos_Angeles_Times,_February_27,2021" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>; Roberts, Randall (February 27, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/music/story/2021-02-27/united-states-vs-billie-holiday-strange-fruit-fbi">"What Really Happened When Federal Officers Persecuted Billie Holiday"</a> (Review of the 2021 film, <i><a href="/wiki/The_United_States_vs._Billie_Holiday" title="The United States vs. Billie Holiday">The United States vs. Billie Holiday</a></i>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210227155134/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/music/story/2021-02-27/united-states-vs-billie-holiday-strange-fruit-fbi">Archived</a> from the original on February 27, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 17,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=What+Really+Happened+When+Federal+Officers+Persecuted+Billie+Holiday&rft.date=2021-02-27&rft.au=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.au=Roberts%2C+Randall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fentertainment-arts%2Fmusic%2Fstory%2F2021-02-27%2Funited-states-vs-billie-holiday-strange-fruit-fbi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Post,_May_17,2005" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/National_Post" title="National Post">National Post</a>; <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fulford_(journalist)" title="Robert Fulford (journalist)">Fulford, Robert</a> (May 17, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.robertfulford.com/2005-05-17-holiday.html">"Trying to Find the Real Lady Day: Those Who Try to Tell Billie Holiday's Story Often Discover an Unknowable Life"</a>. Vol. 7, no. 172. pp. 1–2 (section AL)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 7,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Trying+to+Find+the+Real+Lady+Day%3A+Those+Who+Try+to+Tell+Billie+Holiday%27s+Story+Often+Discover+an+Unknowable+Life&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=172&rft.pages=1-2+%28section+AL%29&rft.date=2005-05-17&rft.au=National+Post&rft.au=Fulford%2C+Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.robertfulford.com%2F2005-05-17-holiday.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/514384543"><i><span></span></i>also accessible via Newspapers.com<i><span></span></i></a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=also+accessible+via+Newspapers.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F514384543&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span>).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNew_York_Times,_July_18,1959" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times"><i>New York Times</i> (<i>The</i>)</a> (July 18, 1959). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1959/07/18/80594441.html">"Billie Holiday Dies Here at 44 – Jazz Singer Had Wide Influence"</a></span>. <i>The New York Times</i>. Vol. 108, no. 37065 (Late City ed.). p. 15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 25,</span> 2013</span> – via <a href="/wiki/TimesMachine" class="mw-redirect" title="TimesMachine">TimesMachine</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Billie+Holiday+Dies+Here+at+44+%E2%80%93+Jazz+Singer+Had+Wide+Influence&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=37065&rft.pages=15&rft.date=1959-07-18&rft.au=%27%27New+York+Times%27%27+%28%27%27The%27%27%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1959%2F07%2F18%2F80594441.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nyti.ms/3S2Zi3o">"<i>permalink access</i>"</a></span>. <i>The New York Times</i> – via <a href="/wiki/TimesMachine" class="mw-redirect" title="TimesMachine">TimesMachine</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=permalink+access&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnyti.ms%2F3S2Zi3o&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span>) (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0407.html"><i><span></span></i>also accessible via "On This Day" archive series<i><span></span></i></a>. <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access#Free_access" title="Free to read"><img alt="Free access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a></span></span>. July 18, 1959.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=also+accessible+via+%22On+This+Day%22+archive+series&rft.series=%3Cspan+style%3D%22position%3Arelative%3B+top%3A+-2px%3B%22%3E9px%7Clink%3DOpen_access%23Free+access%7CFree+to+read%7Calt%3DFree+access+icon%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.date=1959-07-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Flearning%2Fgeneral%2Fonthisday%2Fbday%2F0407.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span>)<div style="margin-left:6em">"Billie Holiday, famed jazz singer, died yesterday in <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Hospital_Center" title="Metropolitan Hospital Center">Metropolitan Hospital</a>. Her age was 44. The immediate cause of death was given as congestion of the lungs complicated by heart failure."</div></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNew_York_Times_Magazine,_December_24,1972" class="citation magazine cs1"><i>New York Times Magazine</i> (<i>The</i>) – Section 6; <a href="/wiki/Nat_Hentoff" title="Nat Hentoff">Hentoff, Nat</a> (December 24, 1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180316233243/https://www.nytimes.com/1972/12/24/archives/the-real-lady-day-lady-day.html">"The Real Lady Day"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times Magazine">New York Times Magazine</a></i>. Insert of <i>The New York Times</i>. Vol. 122, no. 41973. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1972/12/24/archives/the-real-lady-day-lady-day.html">the original</a> on March 16, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Real+Lady+Day&rft.volume=122&rft.issue=41973&rft.date=1972-12-24&rft.au=%27%27New+York+Times+Magazine%27%27+%28%27%27The%27%27%29+%E2%80%93+Section+6&rft.au=Hentoff%2C+Nat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1972%2F12%2F24%2Farchives%2Fthe-real-lady-day-lady-day.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_magazine" title="Template:Cite magazine">cite magazine</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span><div style="margin-left:6em">→ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1972/12/24/issue.html?pageNumber=191"><i><span></span></i>p. 8 (digital image 191)<i><span></span></i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=p.+8+%28digital+image+191%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1972%2F12%2F24%2Fissue.html%3FpageNumber%3D191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1972/12/24/issue.html?pageNumber=69"><i><span></span></i>p. 9 (digital image 69)<i><span></span></i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=p.+9+%28digital+image+69%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1972%2F12%2F24%2Fissue.html%3FpageNumber%3D69&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1972/12/24/issue.html?pageNumber=198"><i><span></span></i>p. 18 (digital image 198)<i><span></span></i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=p.+18+%28digital+image+198%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1972%2F12%2F24%2Fissue.html%3FpageNumber%3D198&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1972/12/24/issue.html?pageNumber=199"><i><span></span></i>p. 19 (digital image 199)<i><span></span></i></a></span> – via <a href="/wiki/TimesMachine" class="mw-redirect" title="TimesMachine">TimesMachine</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=p.+19+%28digital+image+199%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1972%2F12%2F24%2Fissue.html%3FpageNumber%3D199&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></div></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNew_York_Times,_March_7,2019" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times"><i>New York Times</i> (<i>The</i>)</a>; Jacobs, Julia (March 6, 2019). "New York Will Add 4 Statues of Women".</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=New+York+Will+Add+4+Statues+of+Women&rft.date=2019-03-06&rft.au=%27%27New+York+Times%27%27+%28%27%27The%27%27%29&rft.au=Jacobs%2C+Julia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ol type="1" start="1"> <ol type="i" start="1"> <li> Blog → <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacobs2019" class="citation news cs1">Jacobs, Julia (March 6, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/06/nyregion/women-statues-nyc.html">"New York Will Add 4 Statues of Women to Help Fix 'Glaring' Gender Gap in Public Art"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access#Free_access" title="Free to read"><img alt="Free access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a></span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=New+York+Will+Add+4+Statues+of+Women+to+Help+Fix+%27Glaring%27+Gender+Gap+in+Public+Art&rft.date=2019-03-06&rft.aulast=Jacobs&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F03%2F06%2Fnyregion%2Fwomen-statues-nyc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/2188361248">2188361248</a> (US Newsstream database). </li><li> Print → <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"City Will Add 4 Statues of Women" (Late ed.; East Coast). Metropolital Desk. p. 18 (section A).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=City+Will+Add+4+Statues+of+Women&rft.pages=18+%28section+A%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/2188518727">2188518727</a> (US Newsstream database).</li></ol></ol> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNPR,_All_Things_Considered,_April_7,2015" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/All_Things_Considered" title="All Things Considered">NPR, <i>All Things Considered</i></a>; McDonough, John (April 7, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2015/04/07/397877385/">"Billie Holiday: A Singer Beyond Our Understanding"</a> (radio broadcast transcript).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Billie+Holiday%3A+A+Singer+Beyond+Our+Understanding&rft.date=2015-04-07&rft.au=NPR%2C+%27%27All+Things+Considered%27%27&rft.au=McDonough%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2015%2F04%2F07%2F397877385%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/7659178250">7659178250</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/8966496156">8966496156</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNPR,_Morning_Edition,_July_17,2012" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Morning_Edition" title="Morning Edition">NPR, <i>Morning Edition</i></a>; Blair, Elizabeth (July 17, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2012/07/17/156686608/">"Looking For Lady Day's Resting Place? Detour Ahead"</a> (radio broadcast transcript)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 29,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Looking+For+Lady+Day%27s+Resting+Place%3F+Detour+Ahead&rft.date=2012-07-17&rft.au=NPR%2C+%27%27Morning+Edition%27%27&rft.au=Blair%2C+Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2012%2F07%2F17%2F156686608%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/8184700432">8184700432</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/8234932309">8234932309</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReuters,_July_4,2008" class="citation news cs1">Fahmy, Miral, ed. (July 4, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-travel-picks-rooms/idUSSP29329220080704">"Travel Picks: Top 10 Famous Hotel Rooms"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 29,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Travel+Picks%3A+Top+10+Famous+Hotel+Rooms&rft.date=2008-07-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-travel-picks-rooms%2FidUSSP29329220080704&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1932-8672">1932-8672</a>; (US Newsstream database).</li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSan_Francisco_Chronicle,_September_18,2006" class="citation news cs1">Hamlin, Jesse (September 18, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sfgate.com/entertainment/article/Billie-Holiday-s-bio-Lady-Sings-the-Blues-may-2469428.php">"Billie Holiday's bio, 'Lady Sings the Blues,' may be full of lies, but it gets at jazz great's core"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/SFGate" title="SFGate">SFGate</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 15,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SFGate&rft.atitle=Billie+Holiday%27s+bio%2C+%27Lady+Sings+the+Blues%2C%27+may+be+full+of+lies%2C+but+it+gets+at+jazz+great%27s+core&rft.date=2006-09-18&rft.aulast=Hamlin&rft.aufirst=Jesse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fentertainment%2Farticle%2FBillie-Holiday-s-bio-Lady-Sings-the-Blues-may-2469428.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_references">General references</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billie_Holiday&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: General references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b>Books, journals, magazines, papers, and blogs</b></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlackburn2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Julia_Blackburn" title="Julia Blackburn">Blackburn, Julia</a> (2005). <i>With Billie: A New Look at the Unforgettable Lady Day</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=With+Billie%3A+A+New+Look+at+the+Unforgettable+Lady+Day&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Blackburn&rft.aufirst=Julia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span> <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/2004058661">2004-58661</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/56413085/editions">56413085 (all editions)</a>.</li></ul> <ol type="1" start="1"> <ol type="i" start="1"> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlackburn,2005" class="citation book cs1"><span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/withbillie00blac_0/page/n5/mode/2up"><i><span></span></i>Registration required<i><span></span></i></a></span> (1st American ed.). <a href="/wiki/Pantheon_Books" title="Pantheon Books">Pantheon Books</a>. 2005. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780375406102" title="Special:BookSources/9780375406102"><bdi>9780375406102</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a> (China-America Digital Academic Library at <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_University_Library" title="Zhejiang University Library">Zhejiang University Library</a>).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Registration+required&rft.edition=1st+American&rft.pub=Pantheon+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780375406102&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwithbillie00blac_0%2Fpage%2Fn5%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-3754-0610-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-3754-0610-7">0-3754-0610-7</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-3754-0610-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-3754-0610-2">978-0-3754-0610-2</a>.</li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C4mJ778JZicC&pg=PR3"><i><span></span></i>Limited preview<i><span></span></i></a> (1st <a href="/wiki/Vintage_Books" title="Vintage Books">Vintage Books</a> ed.). April 2006 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Limited+preview&rft.edition=1st+Vintage+Books&rft.date=2006-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC4mJ778JZicC%26pg%3DPR3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-3757-0580-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-3757-0580-5">0-3757-0580-5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-3757-0580-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-3757-0580-9">978-0-3757-0580-9</a>.</li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AC8BmUfNLNoC&pg=PP7"><i><span></span></i>Limited preview<i><span></span></i></a> (1st <a href="/wiki/Vintage_Books" title="Vintage Books">Vintage Books</a> ed.). April 2006 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Limited+preview&rft.edition=1st+Vintage+Books&rft.date=2006-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAC8BmUfNLNoC%26pg%3DPP7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></li></ol></ol> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Lincoln_Collier" title="James Lincoln Collier">Collier, James Lincoln</a> (1888). <i><span></span></i>"Holiday, Billie"<i><span></span></i> (dictionary biography, with references).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Holiday%2C+Billie%22&rft.date=1888&rft.aulast=Collier&rft.aufirst=James+Lincoln&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span> In →</li></ul> <ol type="1" start="1"> <ol type="i" start="1"> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKernfeld1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Kernfeld" title="Barry Kernfeld">Kernfeld, Barry Dean (born 1950)</a>, ed. (1988). <i>The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz</i>. (2 Vols.). London: <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Macmillan Press">Macmillan Press</a>. pp. 533–534.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Grove+Dictionary+of+Jazz&rft.place=London&rft.series=%282+Vols.%29&rft.pages=533-534&rft.pub=Macmillan+Press&rft.date=1988&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: editors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_editors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: editors list">link</a>)</span> <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/87025452">87-25452</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9358-5939-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-9358-5939-X">0-9358-5939-X</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-3333-9846-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-3333-9846-7">0-3333-9846-7</a> (both Vols).</li> <ol type="a" start="1"> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newgrovedictiona0000unse_v3h2/page/532/mode/2up"><i><span></span></i>Vol. 1 "A–K"<i><span></span></i></a></span>. 1988 – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kahle/Austin_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Kahle/Austin Foundation">Kahle/Austin Foundation</a>).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vol.+1+%22A%E2%80%93K%22&rft.date=1988&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewgrovedictiona0000unse_v3h2%2Fpage%2F532%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></li></ol> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKernfeld1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Kernfeld" title="Barry Kernfeld">Kernfeld, Barry Dean (born 1950)</a>, ed. (1994). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newgrovedictiona00kernf/page/n5/mode/2up"><i>The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz</i></a></span>. (1 Vol.). New York: <a href="/wiki/St._Martin%27s_Press" title="St. Martin's Press">St. Martin's Press</a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a> (<a href="/wiki/ARChive_of_Contemporary_Music" title="ARChive of Contemporary Music">ARChive of Contemporary Music</a>).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Grove+Dictionary+of+Jazz&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=%281+Vol.%29&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=1994&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewgrovedictiona00kernf%2Fpage%2Fn5%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: editors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_editors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: editors list">link</a>)</span> <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/94012667">94-12667</a>.</li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKernfeld2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Kernfeld" title="Barry Kernfeld">Kernfeld, Barry Dean (born 1950)</a>, ed. (2000) [1988, 1991, 1994, 1995, 1996]. <i>The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz</i> (<a href="/wiki/Alyn_Shipton" title="Alyn Shipton">Alyn Shipton</a>, consultant ed.; <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Sadie" title="Stanley Sadie">Stanley Sadie</a>, series ed.). (in 1 Vol.). <a href="/wiki/St._Martin%27s_Press" title="St. Martin's Press">St. Martin's Press</a>. pp. 533–534.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Grove+Dictionary+of+Jazz&rft.series=%28in+1+Vol.%29&rft.pages=533-534&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=2000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: editors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_editors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: editors list">link</a>)</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-3121-1357-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-3121-1357-9">0-3121-1357-9</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-3121-1357-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-3121-1357-5">978-0-3121-1357-5</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/723223640/editions">723223640 (all editions)</a>.</li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKernfeld2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Kernfeld" title="Barry Kernfeld">Kernfeld, Barry Dean (born 1950)</a>, ed. (2002) [1988, 1991, 1994, 1995, 1996, 2000]. <i>The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz</i> (<a href="/wiki/Alyn_Shipton" title="Alyn Shipton">Alyn Shipton</a>, consultant ed.; <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Sadie" title="Stanley Sadie">Stanley Sadie</a>, series ed.). in 3 Vols. (2nd ed.). London: <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Macmillan Press">Macmillan Press</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/St._Martin%27s_Press" title="St. Martin's Press">St. Martin's Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Grove+Dictionary+of+Jazz&rft.series=in+3+Vols.&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=London%3A+Macmillan+Press.+New+York%3A+St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=2002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: editors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_editors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: editors list">link</a>)</span> <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/2001040794">2001-40794</a> (2nd ed; 2002); <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/723223640/editions">723223640 (all editions)</a>.</li> <ol type="a" start="1"> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKernfeld2002" class="citation book cs1">Kernfeld, Barry Dean (2002). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newgrovedictiona0002unse_l1j0/page/262/mode/2up"><i><span></span></i>Vol. 2 "Gabler–Niewood"<i><span></span></i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781561592845" title="Special:BookSources/9781561592845"><bdi>9781561592845</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kahle/Austin_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Kahle/Austin Foundation">Kahle/Austin Foundation</a>).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vol.+2+%22Gabler%E2%80%93Niewood%22&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9781561592845&rft.aulast=Kernfeld&rft.aufirst=Barry+Dean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewgrovedictiona0002unse_l1j0%2Fpage%2F262%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></li></ol></ol></ol> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriffin,2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Farah_Griffin" title="Farah Griffin">Griffin, Farah Jasmine, PhD</a> (2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ifyoucantbefreeb00grif/page/n7/mode/2up"><i>If You Can't Be Free, Be a Mystery: In Search of Billie Holiday</i></a></span>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Free_Press_(publisher)" title="Free Press (publisher)">The Free Press</a>; <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780684868080" title="Special:BookSources/9780684868080"><bdi>9780684868080</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a> (<a href="/wiki/ARChive_of_Contemporary_Music" title="ARChive of Contemporary Music">ARChive of Contemporary Music</a>).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=If+You+Can%27t+Be+Free%2C+Be+a+Mystery%3A+In+Search+of+Billie+Holiday&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=The+Free+Press%3B+Random+House&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780684868080&rft.aulast=Griffin&rft.aufirst=Farah+Jasmine%2C+PhD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fifyoucantbefreeb00grif%2Fpage%2Fn7%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span> <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/2001018962">2001-18962</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-6848-6808-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-6848-6808-3">0-6848-6808-3</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/123102571/editions">123102571 (all editions)</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIngham,2000" class="citation book cs1">Ingham, Chris (2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/billieholiday0000ingh/page/n3/mode/2up"><i>Billie Holiday</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Darby,_Pennsylvania" title="Darby, Pennsylvania">Darby, Pennsylvania</a>: Diane Publishing – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kahle/Austin_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Kahle/Austin Foundation">Kahle/Austin Foundation</a>).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Billie+Holiday&rft.place=Darby%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pub=Diane+Publishing&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Ingham&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbillieholiday0000ingh%2Fpage%2Fn3%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-5664-9170-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-5664-9170-3">1-5664-9170-3</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/45501503/editions">45501503 (all editions)</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames,1984" class="citation book cs1">James, Burnett (1984). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/billieholiday00jame/page/4/mode/2up"><i>Billie Holiday</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Gloucestershire,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Gloucestershire, England">Gloucestershire, England</a>: Spellmount Publishers – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a> (<a href="/wiki/ARChive_of_Contemporary_Music" title="ARChive of Contemporary Music">ARChive of Contemporary Music</a>).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Billie+Holiday&rft.place=Gloucestershire%2C+England&rft.pub=Spellmount+Publishers&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=Burnett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbillieholiday00jame%2Fpage%2F4%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span> <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/84122032">84-122032</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9467-7105-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-9467-7105-7">0-9467-7105-7</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/10938837/editions">10938837 (all editions)</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaplan,_February2002" class="citation journal cs1">Kaplan, Samuel W. (February 2002). "Film review: <i>Strange Fruit</i> – A Film Documentary Produced, Directed, and Edited by Joel Katz, California Newsreel, 2002, $195". <i><a href="/wiki/Humanity_%26_Society" title="Humanity & Society">Humanity & Society</a></i>. <b>26</b> (1): 77–83. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F016059760202600106">10.1177/016059760202600106</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0160-5976">0160-5976</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:220898299">220898299</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Humanity+%26+Society&rft.atitle=Film+review%3A+Strange+Fruit+%E2%80%93+A+Film+Documentary+Produced%2C+Directed%2C+and+Edited+by+Joel+Katz%2C+California+Newsreel%2C+2002%2C+%24195&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=77-83&rft.date=2002-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A220898299%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0160-5976&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F016059760202600106&rft.aulast=Kaplan&rft.aufirst=Samuel+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span> (<a href="/wiki/Sage_Journals" class="mw-redirect" title="Sage Journals">Sage Journals</a>); <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/1977661018">1977661018</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/7256045161">7256045161</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5723561205">5723561205</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKliment,1990" class="citation book cs1">Kliment, Bud (<i>né</i> Edward Mader Kliment, Jr.; born 1955) (1990). <i>Billie Holiday</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Billie+Holiday&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Kliment&rft.aufirst=Bud+%28%27%27n%C3%A9%27%27+Edward+Mader+Kliment%2C+Jr.%3B+born+1955%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span> <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/89030450">89-30450</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/19848784/editions">19848784 (all editions)</a>.</li></ul> <ol type="1" start="1"> <ol type="i" start="1"> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKliment,1990" class="citation book cs1"><span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/billieholiday00klime/page/n5/mode/2up"><i><span></span></i>Registration required<i><span></span></i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Chelsea_House_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Chelsea House Publishers">Chelsea House Publishers</a>. 1990 – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a> (<a href="/wiki/ARChive_of_Contemporary_Music" title="ARChive of Contemporary Music">ARChive of Contemporary Music</a>).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Registration+required&rft.pub=Chelsea+House+Publishers&rft.date=1990&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbillieholiday00klime%2Fpage%2Fn5%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-5554-6592-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-5554-6592-7">1-5554-6592-7</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/07910-0241-1" title="Special:BookSources/07910-0241-1">07910-0241-1</a>.</li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/billieholiday0000klim/page/n3/mode/2up"><i><span></span></i>Registration required<i><span></span></i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Melrose_Square_Publishing_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Melrose Square Publishing Company">Melrose Square Publishing Company</a>. 1990. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780870675614" title="Special:BookSources/9780870675614"><bdi>9780870675614</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kahle/Austin_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Kahle/Austin Foundation">Kahle/Austin Foundation</a>).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Registration+required&rft.pub=Melrose+Square+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=9780870675614&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbillieholiday0000klim%2Fpage%2Fn3%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8706-7561-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8706-7561-3">0-8706-7561-3</a>.</li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AAH2fH6UXlAC&pg=PA3"><i><span></span></i>Limited preview<i><span></span></i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Melrose_Square_Publishing_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Melrose Square Publishing Company">Melrose Square Publishing Company</a>. 1990 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Limited+preview&rft.pub=Melrose+Square+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1990&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAAH2fH6UXlAC%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8706-7561-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8706-7561-3">0-8706-7561-3</a>.</li></ol></ol> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Lord" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom Lord">Lord, Tom</a>, ed. (1994). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jazz_Discography" title="The Jazz Discography">Jazz Discography</a> </i>(<i>The</i>)<i><span></span></i>. <a href="/wiki/West_Vancouver,_British_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="West Vancouver, British Columbia">West Vancouver, British Columbia</a>: Lord Music Reference Inc. – <a href="/wiki/Redwood,_New_York" title="Redwood, New York">Redwood, New York</a>: Cadence Jazz Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jazz+Discography+%28The%29&rft.pub=West+Vancouver%2C+British+Columbia%3A+Lord+Music+Reference+Inc.+%E2%80%93+Redwood%2C+New+York%3A+Cadence+Jazz+Books&rft.date=1994&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ol type="1" start="1"> <ol type="i" start="1"> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF" class="citation book cs1">Lord, Tom (1998). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jazzdiscogvol1900lord/page/738/mode/2up"><i><span></span></i>"Billie Holiday"<i><span></span></i></a></span>. Vol. 9. Lord Music Reference. pp. H739–H767. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781881993186" title="Special:BookSources/9781881993186"><bdi>9781881993186</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a> (<a href="/wiki/ARChive_of_Contemporary_Music" title="ARChive of Contemporary Music">ARChive of Contemporary Music</a>).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Billie+Holiday%22&rft.pages=H739-H767&rft.pub=Lord+Music+Reference&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9781881993186&rft.aulast=Lord&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjazzdiscogvol1900lord%2Fpage%2F738%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-8819-9308-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-8819-9308-6">1-8819-9308-6</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/30547554/editions">30547554 (all editions)</a>.</li></ol></ol> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRust,1978" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Rust" title="Brian Rust">Rust, Brian Arthur Lovell (1922–2011)</a> (1978). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jazzrecords1897100rust/page/766/mode/2up"><i>Jazz Records, 1897–1942. </i>"Billie Holilday"<i><span></span></i></a></span>. Vol. 1 (4th and enlarged ed.). <a href="/wiki/Arlington_House_Publishers" title="Arlington House Publishers">Arlington House Publishers</a>. pp. 767–770. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780870004049" title="Special:BookSources/9780870004049"><bdi>9780870004049</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a> (<a href="/wiki/ARChive_of_Contemporary_Music" title="ARChive of Contemporary Music">ARChive of Contemporary Music</a>).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jazz+Records%2C+1897%E2%80%931942.+%22Billie+Holilday%22&rft.pages=767-770&rft.edition=4th+and+enlarged&rft.pub=Arlington+House+Publishers&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=9780870004049&rft.aulast=Rust&rft.aufirst=Brian+Arthur+Lovell+%281922%E2%80%932011%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjazzrecords1897100rust%2Fpage%2F766%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span> <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/78001693">78-1693</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8700-0404-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8700-0404-2">0-8700-0404-2</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/3649797/editions">3649797 (all editions)</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b>News media</b></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNew_York_Times,_September_10,2015" class="citation book cs1"><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">New York Times</a></i> (<i>The</i>), Chow, Andrew R<i><span></span></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+York+Times+%28The%29%2C+Chow%2C+Andrew+R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ol type="1" start="1"> <ol type="i" start="1"> <li> <div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;">Blog → <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/09/09/billie-holiday-hologram-to-debut-at-apollo-this-year/">"Billie Holiday, via Hologram, Returning to the Apollo"</a></span>. September 9, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 10,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Billie+Holiday%2C+via+Hologram%2C+Returning+to+the+Apollo&rft.date=2015-09-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fartsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F09%2F09%2Fbillie-holiday-hologram-to-debut-at-apollo-this-year%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/1715656534">1715656534</a> (US Newsstream database)</div></li> <li> <div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;">Print → <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Billie Holiday at Apollo, Via a Hologram" (Late ed.; East Coast). September 10, 2015. p. C3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Billie+Holiday+at+Apollo%2C+Via+a+Hologram&rft.pages=C3&rft.date=2015-09-10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/1710599891">1710599891</a> (US Newsstream database)</div></li></ol></ol> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPittsburgh_Courier,_July_25,1959" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Courier" title="Pittsburgh Courier">Pittsburgh Courier</a>; Keith, Harold LeRoy (1920–2002) (July 25, 1959). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26532173/billie-holiday-obit-pittsburgh-courier/">"She Had a Right to Sing the Blues – Billie (Lady Day) Holiday Bows Out"</a></span>. <i>The Pittsburgh Courier</i> (obituary). Vol. 51, no. 30. p. 24 – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Pittsburgh+Courier&rft.atitle=She+Had+a+Right+to+Sing+the+Blues+%E2%80%93+Billie+%28Lady+Day%29+Holiday+Bows+Out&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=30&rft.pages=24&rft.date=1959-07-25&rft.au=Pittsburgh+Courier&rft.au=Keith%2C+Harold+LeRoy+%281920%E2%80%932002%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F26532173%2Fbillie-holiday-obit-pittsburgh-courier%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fultonhistory.com/Newspapers%2023/Pittsburgh%20PA%20Courier/Pittsburgh%20PA%20Courier%201959/Pittsburgh%20PA%20Courier%201959%20-%201193.pdf"><i><span></span></i>alternate link<i><span></span></i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Fultonhistory.com" title="Fultonhistory.com">Fultonhistory.com</a> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access#Free_access" title="Free to read"><img alt="Free access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a></span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=alternate+link&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252023%2FPittsburgh%2520PA%2520Courier%2FPittsburgh%2520PA%2520Courier%25201959%2FPittsburgh%2520PA%2520Courier%25201959%2520-%25201193.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABillie+Holiday" class="Z3988"></span>)<div style="margin-left:6em">Note: Keith, the author, was, at the time, Editor of the <i>Pittsburgh Courier.</i></div></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billie_Holiday&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output 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data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday" class="extiw" title="commons:Billie Holiday"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Billie Holiday</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Billie_Holiday" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Billie Holiday">Billie Holiday</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://billieholiday.be">Discography</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080628203928/http://www.jazz.com/dozens/b-holiday-dozens">"Twelve Essential Billie Holiday Recordings"</a> by Stuart Nicholson, Jazz.com</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.playbill.com/person/billie-holiday-vault-0000016849">Billie Holiday</a> at <a href="/wiki/Playbill#Other_media" title="Playbill"><i>Playbill</i> Vault</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120624085938/http://www.playbillvault.com/Person/Detail/16849/Billie-Holiday">archive</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/489/billie-holiday">Billie Holiday</a> on <a href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find A Grave</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0390507/">Billie Holiday</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-cast-staff/45383">Billie Holiday</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Broadway_Database" title="Internet Broadway Database">Internet Broadway Database</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104358#P1220" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li>Emory University: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pid.emory.edu/ark:/25593/8zfrk">Billie Holiday collection, 1953-1981</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)}html.skin-theme-clienpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-title{background-color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clienpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-title{background-color:inherit}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox navbox-musical-artist navbox-musical-artist-solo" aria-labelledby="Billie_Holiday" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vcard hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Billie_Holiday" title="Template:Billie Holiday"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Billie_Holiday" title="Template talk:Billie Holiday"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Billie_Holiday" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Billie Holiday"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Billie_Holiday" class="fn" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Billie Holiday</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billie_Holiday_discography" title="Billie Holiday discography">Discography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Billie_Holiday" title="List of awards and nominations received by Billie Holiday">Awards and nominations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Billie_Holiday_Sings" title="Billie Holiday Sings">Billie Holiday Sings/Solitude</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Evening_with_Billie_Holiday" title="An Evening with Billie Holiday">An Evening with Billie Holiday</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Billie_Holiday_(album)" title="Billie Holiday (album)">Billie Holiday</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Billie_Holiday_at_Jazz_at_the_Philharmonic" title="Billie Holiday at Jazz at the Philharmonic">Billie Holiday at Jazz at the Philharmonic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stay_with_Me_(Billie_Holiday_album)" title="Stay with Me (Billie Holiday album)">Stay with Me</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Music_for_Torching_(album)" title="Music for Torching (album)">Music for Torching</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Velvet_Mood" title="Velvet Mood">Velvet Mood</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lady_Sings_the_Blues_(Billie_Holiday_album)" title="Lady Sings the Blues (Billie Holiday album)">Lady Sings the Blues</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Body_and_Soul_(Billie_Holiday_album)" title="Body and Soul (Billie Holiday album)">Body and Soul</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Songs_for_Distingu%C3%A9_Lovers" title="Songs for Distingué Lovers">Songs for Distingué Lovers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ella_Fitzgerald_and_Billie_Holiday_at_Newport" title="Ella Fitzgerald and Billie Holiday at Newport">Ella Fitzgerald and Billie Holiday at Newport</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/All_or_Nothing_at_All_(album)" title="All or Nothing at All (album)">All or Nothing at All</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lady_in_Satin" title="Lady in Satin">Lady in Satin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Last_Recording" title="Last Recording">Last Recording</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Essential_Billie_Holiday:_Carnegie_Hall_Concert_Recorded_Live" title="The Essential Billie Holiday: Carnegie Hall Concert Recorded Live">The Essential Billie Holiday: Carnegie Hall Concert Recorded Live</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lady_in_Autumn:_The_Best_of_the_Verve_Years" title="Lady in Autumn: The Best of the Verve Years">Lady in Autumn: The Best of the Verve Years</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lady_Day:_The_Complete_Billie_Holiday_on_Columbia_1933%E2%80%931944" title="Lady Day: The Complete Billie Holiday on Columbia 1933–1944">Lady Day: The Complete Billie Holiday on Columbia 1933–1944</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lady_Day_Swings" title="Lady Day Swings">Lady Day Swings</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Remixed_and_Reimagined_(Billie_Holiday_album)" title="Remixed and Reimagined (Billie Holiday album)">Remixed and Reimagined</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Songs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Ain%27t_Nobody%27s_Business" title="Ain't Nobody's Business">Ain't Nobody's Business</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/As_Time_Goes_By_(song)" title="As Time Goes By (song)">As Time Goes By</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Billie%27s_Blues" title="Billie's Blues">Billie's Blues</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Blue_Moon_(1934_song)" title="Blue Moon (1934 song)">Blue Moon</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Body_and_Soul_(1930_song)" title="Body and Soul (1930 song)">Body and Soul</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Do_You_Know_What_It_Means_to_Miss_New_Orleans%3F" title="Do You Know What It Means to Miss New Orleans?">Do You Know What It Means to Miss New Orleans?</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Explain_(song)" title="Don't Explain (song)">Don't Explain</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Easy_Living_(song)" title="Easy Living (song)">Easy Living</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Embraceable_You" title="Embraceable You">Embraceable You</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Everything_Happens_for_the_Best" title="Everything Happens for the Best">Everything Happens for the Best</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Everything_Happens_to_Me_(song)" title="Everything Happens to Me (song)">Everything Happens to Me</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Fine_and_Mellow" title="Fine and Mellow">Fine and Mellow</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Gloomy_Sunday" title="Gloomy Sunday">Gloomy Sunday</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/God_Bless_the_Child_(Billie_Holiday_song)" title="God Bless the Child (Billie Holiday song)">God Bless the Child</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Good_Morning_Heartache" title="Good Morning Heartache">Good Morning Heartache</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Cover_the_Waterfront_(song)" title="I Cover the Waterfront (song)">I Cover the Waterfront</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Loves_You,_Porgy" title="I Loves You, Porgy">I Loves You, Porgy</a>"</li> <li>"If You Were Mine"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Thought_About_You" title="I Thought About You">I Thought About You</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I%27ll_Be_Seeing_You_(song)" title="I'll Be Seeing You (song)">I'll Be Seeing You</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I%27ll_Get_By_(As_Long_as_I_Have_You)" title="I'll Get By (As Long as I Have You)">I'll Get By</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I%27ll_Never_Be_the_Same" title="I'll Never Be the Same">I'll Never Be the Same</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I%27ve_Got_My_Love_to_Keep_Me_Warm" title="I've Got My Love to Keep Me Warm">I've Got My Love to Keep Me Warm</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Just_One_of_Those_Things_(song)" title="Just One of Those Things (song)">Just One of Those Things</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lady_Sings_the_Blues_(song)" title="Lady Sings the Blues (song)">Lady Sings the Blues</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Left_Alone_(song)" title="Left Alone (song)">Left Alone</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Love_for_Sale_(song)" title="Love for Sale (song)">Love for Sale</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lover_Man_(Oh,_Where_Can_You_Be%3F)" title="Lover Man (Oh, Where Can You Be?)">Lover Man (Oh, Where Can You Be?)</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Me,_Myself,_and_I_(1937_song)" title="Me, Myself, and I (1937 song)">Me, Myself, and I</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Miss_Brown_to_You" title="Miss Brown to You">Miss Brown to You</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Mon_Homme" title="Mon Homme">My Man</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Moonlight_in_Vermont_(song)" title="Moonlight in Vermont (song)">Moonlight in Vermont</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Night_and_Day_(song)" title="Night and Day (song)">Night and Day</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/No_More_(1944_song)" title="No More (1944 song)">No More</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Now_or_Never_(Billie_Holiday_song)" title="Now or Never (Billie Holiday song)">Now or Never</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Our_Love_Is_Different" title="Our Love Is Different">Our Love Is Different</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/P.S._I_Love_You_(1934_song)" title="P.S. I Love You (1934 song)">P.S. I Love You</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Pennies_from_Heaven_(song)" title="Pennies from Heaven (song)">Pennies from Heaven</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Please_Don%27t_Do_It_Here" title="Please Don't Do It Here">Please Don't Do It Here</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Preacher_Boy" title="Preacher Boy">Preacher Boy</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sophisticated_Lady" title="Sophisticated Lady">Sophisticated Lady</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Stormy_Blues" title="Stormy Blues">Stormy Blues</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Stormy_Weather_(song)" title="Stormy Weather (song)">Stormy Weather</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Strange_Fruit" title="Strange Fruit">Strange Fruit</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sugar_(Maceo_Pinkard_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sugar (Maceo Pinkard song)">Sugar</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Summertime_(George_Gershwin_song)" title="Summertime (George Gershwin song)">Summertime</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/That_Ole_Devil_Called_Love" title="That Ole Devil Called Love">That Ole Devil Called Love</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/These_Foolish_Things_(Remind_Me_of_You)" title="These Foolish Things (Remind Me of You)">These Foolish Things (Remind Me of You)</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Too_Marvelous_for_Words" title="Too Marvelous for Words">Too Marvelous for Words</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Trav%27lin%27_Light_(song)" title="Trav'lin' Light (song)">Trav'lin' Light</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_a_Little_Moonlight_Can_Do" title="What a Little Moonlight Can Do">What a Little Moonlight Can Do</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_Is_This_Thing_Called_Love%3F" title="What Is This Thing Called Love?">What Is This Thing Called Love?</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Why_Was_I_Born%3F" title="Why Was I Born?">Why Was I Born?</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Willow_Weep_for_Me" title="Willow Weep for Me">Willow Weep for Me</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You_Go_to_My_Head" title="You Go to My Head">You Go to My Head</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Your_Mother%27s_Son-In-Law" title="Your Mother's Son-In-Law">Your Mother's Son-In-Law</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Angel_of_Harlem" title="Angel of Harlem">Angel of Harlem</a>"</li> <li><i>Lady Sings the Blues</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Sings_the_Blues_(book)" title="Lady Sings the Blues (book)">book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Sings_the_Blues_(film)" title="Lady Sings the Blues (film)">film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Sings_the_Blues_(soundtrack)" title="Lady Sings the Blues (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lady_Day_at_Emerson%27s_Bar_and_Grill" title="Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill">Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Billie_Holiday" title="Statue of Billie Holiday">Statue</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_United_States_vs._Billie_Holiday" title="The United States vs. Billie Holiday">The United States vs. Billie Holiday</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_United_States_vs._Billie_Holiday_(soundtrack)" title="The United States vs. Billie Holiday (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Billie_Holiday" title="Category:Billie Holiday">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Awards_for_Billie_Holiday" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Awards_for_Billie_Holiday" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Billie_Holiday" title="List of awards and nominations received by Billie Holiday">Awards for Billie Holiday</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cedff2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Template:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Template talk:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award">Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1963–1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1963 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby" title="Bing Crosby">Bing Crosby</a></li></ul></li> <li>1965 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a></li></ul></li> <li>1966 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duke_Ellington" title="Duke Ellington">Duke Ellington</a></li></ul></li> <li>1967 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Fitzgerald" title="Ella Fitzgerald">Ella Fitzgerald</a></li></ul></li> <li>1968 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin">Irving Berlin</a></li></ul></li> <li>1971 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a></li></ul></li> <li>1972 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Armstrong" title="Louis Armstrong">Louis Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahalia_Jackson" title="Mahalia Jackson">Mahalia Jackson</a></li></ul></li> <li>1984 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Berry" title="Chuck Berry">Chuck Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Parker" title="Charlie Parker">Charlie Parker</a></li></ul></li> <li>1985 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a></li></ul></li> <li>1986 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Goodman" title="Benny Goodman">Benny Goodman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones" title="The Rolling Stones">The Rolling Stones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Segovia" title="Andrés Segovia">Andrés Segovia</a></li></ul></li> <li>1987 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Acuff" title="Roy Acuff">Roy Acuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Carter" title="Benny Carter">Benny Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Caruso" title="Enrico Caruso">Enrico Caruso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles">Ray Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fats_Domino" title="Fats Domino">Fats Domino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Herman" title="Woody Herman">Woody Herman</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Billie Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B.B._King" class="mw-redirect" title="B.B. King">B.B. King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Stern" title="Isaac Stern">Isaac Stern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Igor Stravinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arturo_Toscanini" title="Arturo Toscanini">Arturo Toscanini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hank_Williams" title="Hank Williams">Hank Williams</a></li></ul></li> <li>1989 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Astaire" title="Fred Astaire">Fred Astaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Casals" title="Pablo Casals">Pablo Casals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dizzy_Gillespie" title="Dizzy Gillespie">Dizzy Gillespie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jascha_Heifetz" title="Jascha Heifetz">Jascha Heifetz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lena_Horne" title="Lena Horne">Lena Horne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leontyne_Price" title="Leontyne Price">Leontyne Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Smith" title="Bessie Smith">Bessie Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Tatum" title="Art Tatum">Art Tatum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Vaughan" title="Sarah Vaughan">Sarah Vaughan</a></li></ul></li> <li>1990 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nat_King_Cole" title="Nat King Cole">Nat King Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis">Miles Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Horowitz" title="Vladimir Horowitz">Vladimir Horowitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1991–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1991 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Anderson" title="Marian Anderson">Marian Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitty_Wells" title="Kitty Wells">Kitty Wells</a></li></ul></li> <li>1992 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Brown" title="James Brown">James Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Coltrane" title="John Coltrane">John Coltrane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimi_Hendrix" title="Jimi Hendrix">Jimi Hendrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muddy_Waters" title="Muddy Waters">Muddy Waters</a></li></ul></li> <li>1993 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chet_Atkins" title="Chet Atkins">Chet Atkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Richard" title="Little Richard">Little Richard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelonious_Monk" title="Thelonious Monk">Thelonious Monk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Monroe" title="Bill Monroe">Bill Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger">Pete Seeger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fats_Waller" title="Fats Waller">Fats Waller</a></li></ul></li> <li>1994 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Evans" title="Bill Evans">Bill Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Rubinstein" title="Arthur Rubinstein">Arthur Rubinstein</a></li></ul></li> <li>1995 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patsy_Cline" title="Patsy Cline">Patsy Cline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_Lee" title="Peggy Lee">Peggy Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Mancini" title="Henry Mancini">Henry Mancini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Mayfield" title="Curtis Mayfield">Curtis Mayfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a></li></ul></li> <li>1996 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Brubeck" title="Dave Brubeck">Dave Brubeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Gaye" title="Marvin Gaye">Marvin Gaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Solti" title="Georg Solti">Georg Solti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a></li></ul></li> <li>1997 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Bland" title="Bobby Bland">Bobby "Blue" Bland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Everly_Brothers" title="The Everly Brothers">The Everly Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland">Judy Garland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Grappelli" title="Stéphane Grappelli">Stéphane Grappelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Holly" title="Buddy Holly">Buddy Holly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Mingus" title="Charles Mingus">Charles Mingus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Peterson" title="Oscar Peterson">Oscar Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa">Frank Zappa</a></li></ul></li> <li>1998 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bo_Diddley" title="Bo Diddley">Bo Diddley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mills_Brothers" title="The Mills Brothers">The Mills Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Orbison" title="Roy Orbison">Roy Orbison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Robeson" title="Paul Robeson">Paul Robeson</a></li></ul></li> <li>1999 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash">Johnny Cash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Cooke" title="Sam Cooke">Sam Cooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otis_Redding" title="Otis Redding">Otis Redding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smokey_Robinson" title="Smokey Robinson">Smokey Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Torm%C3%A9" title="Mel Tormé">Mel Tormé</a></li></ul></li> <li>2000 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Belafonte" title="Harry Belafonte">Harry Belafonte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Guthrie" title="Woody Guthrie">Woody Guthrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lee_Hooker" title="John Lee Hooker">John Lee Hooker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitch_Miller" title="Mitch Miller">Mitch Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Nelson" title="Willie Nelson">Willie Nelson</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2001–2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2001 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Beach_Boys" title="The Beach Boys">The Beach Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Bennett" title="Tony Bennett">Tony Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammy_Davis_Jr." title="Sammy Davis Jr.">Sammy Davis Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Marley" title="Bob Marley">Bob Marley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Who" title="The Who">The Who</a></li></ul></li> <li>2002 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Count_Basie" title="Count Basie">Count Basie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Clooney" title="Rosemary Clooney">Rosemary Clooney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perry_Como" title="Perry Como">Perry Como</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Green" title="Al Green">Al Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joni_Mitchell" title="Joni Mitchell">Joni Mitchell</a></li></ul></li> <li>2003 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Etta_James" title="Etta James">Etta James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mathis" title="Johnny Mathis">Johnny Mathis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Miller" title="Glenn Miller">Glenn Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tito_Puente" title="Tito Puente">Tito Puente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Garfunkel" title="Simon & Garfunkel">Simon & Garfunkel</a></li></ul></li> <li>2004 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Van_Cliburn" title="Van Cliburn">Van Cliburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Funk_Brothers" title="The Funk Brothers">The Funk Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Jenkins" title="Ella Jenkins">Ella Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonny_Rollins" title="Sonny Rollins">Sonny Rollins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artie_Shaw" title="Artie Shaw">Artie Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doc_Watson" title="Doc Watson">Doc Watson</a></li></ul></li> <li>2005 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eddy_Arnold" title="Eddy Arnold">Eddy Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Blakey" title="Art Blakey">Art Blakey</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Carter_Family" title="Carter Family">Carter Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morton_Gould" title="Morton Gould">Morton Gould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janis_Joplin" title="Janis Joplin">Janis Joplin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Led_Zeppelin" title="Led Zeppelin">Led Zeppelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Lee_Lewis" title="Jerry Lee Lewis">Jerry Lee Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jelly_Roll_Morton" title="Jelly Roll Morton">Jelly Roll Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinetop_Perkins" title="Pinetop Perkins">Pinetop Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Staple_Singers" title="The Staple Singers">The Staple Singers</a></li></ul></li> <li>2006 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Bowie" title="David Bowie">David Bowie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cream_(band)" title="Cream (band)">Cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merle_Haggard" title="Merle Haggard">Merle Haggard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Johnson" title="Robert Johnson">Robert Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessye_Norman" title="Jessye Norman">Jessye Norman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Pryor" title="Richard Pryor">Richard Pryor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Weavers" title="The Weavers">The Weavers</a></li></ul></li> <li>2007 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Baez" title="Joan Baez">Joan Baez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booker_T._%26_the_M.G.%27s" title="Booker T. & the M.G.'s">Booker T. & the M.G.'s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Callas" title="Maria Callas">Maria Callas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ornette_Coleman" title="Ornette Coleman">Ornette Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Doors" title="The Doors">The Doors</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Grateful_Dead" title="Grateful Dead">Grateful Dead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Wills" title="Bob Wills">Bob Wills</a></li></ul></li> <li>2008 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burt_Bacharach" title="Burt Bacharach">Burt Bacharach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Band" title="The Band">The Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cab_Calloway" title="Cab Calloway">Cab Calloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doris_Day" title="Doris Day">Doris Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itzhak_Perlman" title="Itzhak Perlman">Itzhak Perlman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Roach" title="Max Roach">Max Roach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Scruggs" title="Earl Scruggs">Earl Scruggs</a></li></ul></li> <li>2009 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Autry" title="Gene Autry">Gene Autry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Blind_Boys_of_Alabama" title="The Blind Boys of Alabama">The Blind Boys of Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Tops" title="Four Tops">The Four Tops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hank_Jones" title="Hank Jones">Hank Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenda_Lee" title="Brenda Lee">Brenda Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Martin" title="Dean Martin">Dean Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Paxton" title="Tom Paxton">Tom Paxton</a></li></ul></li> <li>2010 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Cohen" title="Leonard Cohen">Leonard Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Darin" title="Bobby Darin">Bobby Darin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_%22Honeyboy%22_Edwards" title="David "Honeyboy" Edwards">David "Honeyboy" Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Lynn" title="Loretta Lynn">Loretta Lynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Previn" title="André Previn">André Previn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark_Terry" title="Clark Terry">Clark Terry</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2011–2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2011 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Andrews" title="Julie Andrews">Julie Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Haynes" title="Roy Haynes">Roy Haynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juilliard_String_Quartet" title="Juilliard String Quartet">Juilliard String Quartet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Kingston_Trio" title="The Kingston Trio">The Kingston Trio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolly_Parton" title="Dolly Parton">Dolly Parton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramones" title="Ramones">Ramones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Beverly_Shea" title="George Beverly Shea">George Beverly Shea</a></li></ul></li> <li>2012 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Allman_Brothers_Band" title="The Allman Brothers Band">The Allman Brothers Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Campbell" title="Glen Campbell">Glen Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B4nio_Carlos_Jobim" title="Antônio Carlos Jobim">Antônio Carlos Jobim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Jones" title="George Jones">George Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Memphis_Horns" title="The Memphis Horns">The Memphis Horns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Ross" title="Diana Ross">Diana Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gil_Scott-Heron" title="Gil Scott-Heron">Gil Scott-Heron</a></li></ul></li> <li>2013 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Gould" title="Glenn Gould">Glenn Gould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Haden" title="Charlie Haden">Charlie Haden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightnin%27_Hopkins" title="Lightnin' Hopkins">Lightnin' Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carole_King" title="Carole King">Carole King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patti_Page" title="Patti Page">Patti Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Shankar" title="Ravi Shankar">Ravi Shankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Temptations" title="The Temptations">The Temptations</a></li></ul></li> <li>2014 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifton_Chenier" title="Clifton Chenier">Clifton Chenier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Isley_Brothers" title="The Isley Brothers">The Isley Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraftwerk" title="Kraftwerk">Kraftwerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kris_Kristofferson" title="Kris Kristofferson">Kris Kristofferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armando_Manzanero" title="Armando Manzanero">Armando Manzanero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maud_Powell" title="Maud Powell">Maud Powell</a></li></ul></li> <li>2015 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bee_Gees" title="Bee Gees">Bee Gees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez">Pierre Boulez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Guy" title="Buddy Guy">Buddy Guy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Harrison" title="George Harrison">George Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flaco_Jim%C3%A9nez" title="Flaco Jiménez">Flaco Jiménez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Louvin_Brothers" title="The Louvin Brothers">The Louvin Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Shorter" title="Wayne Shorter">Wayne Shorter</a></li></ul></li> <li>2016 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Brown" title="Ruth Brown">Ruth Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celia_Cruz" title="Celia Cruz">Celia Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire" title="Earth, Wind & Fire">Earth, Wind & Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbie_Hancock" title="Herbie Hancock">Herbie Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Airplane" title="Jefferson Airplane">Jefferson Airplane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Ronstadt" title="Linda Ronstadt">Linda Ronstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Run-DMC" title="Run-DMC">Run-DMC</a></li></ul></li> <li>2017 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Caesar" title="Shirley Caesar">Shirley Caesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Jamal" title="Ahmad Jamal">Ahmad Jamal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charley_Pride" title="Charley Pride">Charley Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmie_Rodgers_(country_singer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimmie Rodgers (country singer)">Jimmie Rodgers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nina_Simone" title="Nina Simone">Nina Simone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sly_Stone" title="Sly Stone">Sly Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Velvet_Underground" title="The Velvet Underground">The Velvet Underground</a></li></ul></li> <li>2018 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Blaine" title="Hal Blaine">Hal Blaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Diamond" title="Neil Diamond">Neil Diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmylou_Harris" title="Emmylou Harris">Emmylou Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Jordan" title="Louis Jordan">Louis Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Meters" title="The Meters">The Meters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_(band)" title="Queen (band)">Queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner">Tina Turner</a></li></ul></li> <li>2019 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sabbath" title="Black Sabbath">Black Sabbath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Clinton_(funk_musician)" title="George Clinton (funk musician)">George Clinton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parliament-Funkadelic" title="Parliament-Funkadelic">Parliament-Funkadelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Eckstine" title="Billy Eckstine">Billy Eckstine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donny_Hathaway" title="Donny Hathaway">Donny Hathaway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julio_Iglesias" title="Julio Iglesias">Julio Iglesias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_%26_Dave" title="Sam & Dave">Sam & Dave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionne_Warwick" title="Dionne Warwick">Dionne Warwick</a></li></ul></li> <li>2020 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_(band)" title="Chicago (band)">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberta_Flack" title="Roberta Flack">Roberta Flack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Hayes" title="Isaac Hayes">Isaac Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iggy_Pop" title="Iggy Pop">Iggy Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Prine" title="John Prine">John Prine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Enemy" title="Public Enemy">Public Enemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister_Rosetta_Tharpe" title="Sister Rosetta Tharpe">Sister Rosetta Tharpe</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2021–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2021 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grandmaster_Flash_and_the_Furious_Five" title="Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five">Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Hampton" title="Lionel Hampton">Lionel Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Horne" title="Marilyn Horne">Marilyn Horne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt-N-Pepa" title="Salt-N-Pepa">Salt-N-Pepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selena" title="Selena">Selena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talking_Heads" title="Talking Heads">Talking Heads</a></li></ul></li> <li>2022 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Raitt" title="Bonnie Raitt">Bonnie Raitt</a></li></ul></li> <li>2023 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_McFerrin" title="Bobby McFerrin">Bobby McFerrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirvana_(band)" title="Nirvana (band)">Nirvana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Rainey" title="Ma Rainey">Ma Rainey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slick_Rick" title="Slick Rick">Slick Rick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nile_Rodgers" title="Nile Rodgers">Nile Rodgers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Supremes" title="The Supremes">The Supremes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Wilson" title="Ann Wilson">Ann Wilson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Wilson_(rock_musician)" title="Nancy Wilson (rock musician)">Nancy Wilson</a></li></ul></li> <li>2024 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laurie_Anderson" title="Laurie Anderson">Laurie Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Clark_Sisters" title="The Clark Sisters">The Clark Sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladys_Knight" title="Gladys Knight">Gladys Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N.W.A" title="N.W.A">N.W.A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Summer" title="Donna Summer">Donna Summer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tammy_Wynette" title="Tammy Wynette">Tammy Wynette</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Maryland_Women&#039;s_Hall_of_Fame" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Maryland_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:Maryland Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Maryland_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template talk:Maryland Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Maryland_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Maryland Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Maryland_Women&#039;s_Hall_of_Fame" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Maryland Women's Hall of Fame">Maryland Women's Hall of Fame</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1980s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1980s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1985</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Brent" title="Margaret Brent">Margaret Brent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Carson" title="Rachel Carson">Rachel Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_C._Davidson" title="Rita C. Davidson">Rita C. Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladys_Spellman" title="Gladys Spellman">Gladys Spellman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Tubman" title="Harriet Tubman">Harriet Tubman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1986</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lillie_Mae_Carroll_Jackson" class="mw-redirect" title="Lillie Mae Carroll Jackson">Lillie Mae Carroll Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Ann_Seton" title="Elizabeth Ann Seton">Elizabeth Ann Seton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Szold" title="Henrietta Szold">Henrietta Szold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanette_Rosner_Wolman" title="Jeanette Rosner Wolman">Jeanette Rosner Wolman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiltgunt_Zassenhaus" title="Hiltgunt Zassenhaus">Hiltgunt Zassenhaus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1987</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Barton" title="Clara Barton">Clara Barton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Ellen_Watkins_Harper" title="Frances Ellen Watkins Harper">Frances Ellen Watkins Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juanita_Jackson_Mitchell" title="Juanita Jackson Mitchell">Juanita Jackson Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Shaw_Shorb" title="Mary Shaw Shorb">Mary Shaw Shorb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_B._Taussig" title="Helen B. Taussig">Helen B. Taussig</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1988</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Mikulski" title="Barbara Mikulski">Barbara Mikulski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadie_Kneller_Miller" title="Sadie Kneller Miller">Sadie Kneller Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Eliza_Risteau" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Eliza Risteau">Mary Eliza Risteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Carey_Thomas" class="mw-redirect" title="Martha Carey Thomas">Martha Carey Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verda_Welcome" title="Verda Welcome">Verda Welcome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1989</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bertha_Adkins" title="Bertha Adkins">Bertha Adkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenie_Clark" title="Eugenie Clark">Eugenie Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavinia_Engle" title="Lavinia Engle">Lavinia Engle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lena_King_Lee" title="Lena King Lee">Lena King Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estelle_R._Ramey" class="mw-redirect" title="Estelle R. Ramey">Estelle R. Ramey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1990s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1990s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucille_Maurer" title="Lucille Maurer">Lucille Maurer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enolia_McMillan" title="Enolia McMillan">Enolia McMillan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauli_Murray" title="Pauli Murray">Pauli Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adele_Hagner_Stamp" title="Adele Hagner Stamp">Adele Hagner Stamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Lemist_Titcomb" title="Mary Lemist Titcomb">Mary Lemist Titcomb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rita_R._Colwell" title="Rita R. Colwell">Rita R. Colwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Elizabeth_Lange" title="Mary Elizabeth Lange">Mary Elizabeth Lange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claire_McCardell" title="Claire McCardell">Claire McCardell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Moses" title="Bessie Moses">Bessie Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alta_Schrock" title="Alta Schrock">Alta Schrock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1992</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Armstrong" title="Annie Armstrong">Annie Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Ella_Carroll" title="Anna Ella Carroll">Anna Ella Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Kushner" title="Rose Kushner">Rose Kushner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Collins_Schweinhaut" class="mw-redirect" title="Margaret Collins Schweinhaut">Margaret Collins Schweinhaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmen_Delgado_Votaw" title="Carmen Delgado Votaw">Carmen Delgado Votaw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1993</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosalyn_Blake_Bell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rosalyn Blake Bell (page does not exist)">Rosalyn Blake Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucille_Clifton" title="Lucille Clifton">Lucille Clifton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_King_Ellicott" title="Elizabeth King Ellicott">Elizabeth King Ellicott</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Spencer_(Maryland)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Spencer (Maryland) (page does not exist)">Jean Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Ellicott_Tyson" title="Martha Ellicott Tyson">Martha Ellicott Tyson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1994</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rosalie_Silber_Abrams" title="Rosalie Silber Abrams">Rosalie Silber Abrams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Elizabeth_Banning" title="Mary Elizabeth Banning">Mary Elizabeth Banning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Elizabeth_Brown" title="Harriet Elizabeth Brown">Harriet Elizabeth Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connie_Morella" title="Connie Morella">Connie Morella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Adelaide_Nutting" title="Mary Adelaide Nutting">Mary Adelaide Nutting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1995</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jill_Moss_Greenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jill Moss Greenberg (page does not exist)">Jill Moss Greenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_L._Nock" title="Mary L. Nock">Mary L. Nock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amanda_Taylor_Norris" title="Amanda Taylor Norris">Amanda Taylor Norris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nettie_Barcroft_Taylor" title="Nettie Barcroft Taylor">Nettie Barcroft Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphemia_Mary_Goldsborough_Willson" title="Euphemia Mary Goldsborough Willson">Euphemia Mary Goldsborough Willson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1996</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_L._Ellicott" class="mw-redirect" title="Madeleine L. Ellicott">Madeleine L. Ellicott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethel_Ennis" title="Ethel Ennis">Ethel Ennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Digges_Lee" title="Mary Digges Lee">Mary Digges Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigid_G._Leventhal" class="mw-redirect" title="Brigid G. Leventhal">Brigid G. Leventhal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_A._Robinson" title="Barbara A. Robinson">Barbara A. Robinson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1997</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diane_L._Adams&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diane L. Adams (page does not exist)">Diane L. Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sol_del_Ande_Mendez_Eaton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sol del Ande Mendez Eaton (page does not exist)">Sol del Ande Mendez Eaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_R._Gira" title="Catherine R. Gira">Catherine R. Gira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_L._Koss" title="Helen L. Koss">Helen L. Koss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Ponselle" title="Rosa Ponselle">Rosa Ponselle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constance_Ross_Beims&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constance Ross Beims (page does not exist)">Constance Ross Beims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Katharine_Goddard" title="Mary Katharine Goddard">Mary Katharine Goddard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_Ryan_Hedges" title="Elaine Ryan Hedges">Elaine Ryan Hedges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Carter_Smith" title="Mary Carter Smith">Mary Carter Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Riefle_Bahr" title="Florence Riefle Bahr">Florence Riefle Bahr</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lillian_C._Compton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lillian C. Compton (page does not exist)">Lillian C. Compton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Houghton_Hooker" title="Edith Houghton Hooker">Edith Houghton Hooker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Fran_Johnson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elizabeth Fran Johnson (page does not exist)">Elizabeth Fran Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernice_Smith_White" title="Bernice Smith White">Bernice Smith White</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2000s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2000s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constance_Uriolo_Battle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constance Uriolo Battle (page does not exist)">Constance Uriolo Battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lois_Green_Carr" title="Lois Green Carr">Lois Green Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Pressman_Fuentes" title="Sonia Pressman Fuentes">Sonia Pressman Fuentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_Jacobsen" title="Josephine Jacobsen">Josephine Jacobsen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosetta_Stith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rosetta Stith (page does not exist)">Rosetta Stith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Feeley" title="Kathleen Feeley">Kathleen Feeley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Misbah_Khan_(pediatrician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Misbah Khan (pediatrician) (page does not exist)">Misbah Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charmaine_Krohe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charmaine Krohe (page does not exist)">Charmaine Krohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunice_Kennedy_Shriver" title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver">Eunice Kennedy Shriver</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sandra_W._Tomlinson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sandra W. Tomlinson (page does not exist)">Sandra W. Tomlinson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2002</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mabel_Houze_Hubbard" title="Mabel Houze Hubbard">Mabel Houze Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Florence_P._Kendall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Florence P. Kendall (page does not exist)">Florence P. Kendall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Young_Pickersgill" title="Mary Young Pickersgill">Mary Young Pickersgill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine_Sheehan" class="mw-redirect" title="Lorraine Sheehan">Lorraine Sheehan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Walcott_Beauchamp" title="Virginia Walcott Beauchamp">Virginia Walcott Beauchamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Clarke" title="Edith Clarke">Edith Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathryn_J._DuFour" title="Kathryn J. DuFour">Kathryn J. DuFour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_L._Kirschstein" title="Ruth L. Kirschstein">Ruth L. Kirschstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etta_Haynie_Maddox" title="Etta Haynie Maddox">Etta Haynie Maddox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debbie_Yow" title="Debbie Yow">Debbie Yow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2004</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edmonson_sisters" title="Edmonson sisters">Edmonson sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Grasmick" title="Nancy Grasmick">Nancy Grasmick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_McCready" title="Esther McCready">Esther McCready</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Byrd_Rawson" title="Margaret Byrd Rawson">Margaret Byrd Rawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivian_V._Simpson" title="Vivian V. Simpson">Vivian V. Simpson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shoshana_Shoubin_Cardin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shoshana Shoubin Cardin (page does not exist)">Shoshana Shoubin Cardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Olive_Cole" title="Bessie Olive Cole">Bessie Olive Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Susan_R._Panny&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susan R. Panny (page does not exist)">Susan R. Panny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edyth_H._Schoenrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Edyth H. Schoenrich">Edyth H. Schoenrich</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2006</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Pardee_Baker" title="Susan Pardee Baker">Susan Pardee Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liebe_Sokol_Diamond" title="Liebe Sokol Diamond">Liebe Sokol Diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bea_Gaddy" title="Bea Gaddy">Bea Gaddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Hughes_Gaston" class="mw-redirect" title="Marilyn Hughes Gaston">Marilyn Hughes Gaston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Alban_Hoffberger" title="Rebecca Alban Hoffberger">Rebecca Alban Hoffberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Snively" title="Grace Snively">Grace Snively</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Annette_M.Deener&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Annette M.Deener (page does not exist)">Annette M.Deener</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sally_T._Grant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sally T. Grant (page does not exist)">Sally T. Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prasanna_Nair" title="Prasanna Nair">Prasanna Nair</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karen_H._Rothenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karen H. Rothenberg (page does not exist)">Karen H. Rothenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Audrey_E._Scott&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Audrey E. Scott (page does not exist)">Audrey E. Scott</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2008</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramona_McCarthy_Hawkins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ramona McCarthy Hawkins (page does not exist)">Ramona McCarthy Hawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellen_Moses_Heller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ellen Moses Heller (page does not exist)">Ellen Moses Heller</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Billie Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Menes" title="Pauline Menes">Pauline Menes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toby_Orenstein" title="Toby Orenstein">Toby Orenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Wilson_Walker" title="Emily Wilson Walker">Emily Wilson Walker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ilia_Fehrer" title="Ilia Fehrer">Ilia Fehrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Griffin_(biologist)" title="Diane Griffin (biologist)">Diane Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harriet_Legum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harriet Legum (page does not exist)">Harriet Legum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allyson_R._Solomon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allyson R. Solomon (page does not exist)">Allyson R. Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_St._Clair_Wright" title="Anne St. Clair Wright">Anne St. Clair Wright</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2010s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2010s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Claire_M._Fraser" title="Claire M. Fraser">Claire M. Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Catherine_Hoof_Green" title="Anne Catherine Hoof Green">Anne Catherine Hoof Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irene_Morgan_Kirkaldy" class="mw-redirect" title="Irene Morgan Kirkaldy">Irene Morgan Kirkaldy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almira_Hart_Lincoln_Phelps" class="mw-redirect" title="Almira Hart Lincoln Phelps">Almira Hart Lincoln Phelps</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernice_R._Sandler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernice R. Sandler (page does not exist)">Bernice R. Sandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillie_Shockney" title="Lillie Shockney">Lillie D. Shockney</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carol_W._Greider" title="Carol W. Greider">Carol W. Greider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Holdridge" title="Barbara Holdridge">Barbara Holdridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligia_Peralta" title="Ligia Peralta">Ligia Peralta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Poe" title="Gertrude Poe">Gertrude Poe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Diggs_Slowe" title="Lucy Diggs Slowe">Lucy Diggs Slowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_A._Willenz" title="June A. Willenz">June A. Willenz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2012</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maureen_Black" title="Maureen Black">Maureen Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Dunkle" title="Margaret Dunkle">Margaret Dunkle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Kopp" title="Nancy Kopp">Nancy Kopp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Manicur" title="Alice Manicur">Alice Manicur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Gribbon_Motz" title="Diana Gribbon Motz">Diana Gribbon Motz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwendolyn_Rooks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gwendolyn Rooks (page does not exist)">Gwendolyn Rooks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Delich_Bentley" title="Helen Delich Bentley">Helen Delich Bentley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_B._Cryor" title="Jean B. Cryor">Jean B. Cryor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlene_Dukes" title="Charlene Dukes">Charlene Dukes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Sauerbrey" title="Ellen Sauerbrey">Ellen Sauerbrey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linda_A._Shevitz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linda A. Shevitz (page does not exist)">Linda A. Shevitz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beatrice_P._Tignor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beatrice P. Tignor (page does not exist)">Beatrice P. Tignor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_F._Bailey" title="Dorothy F. Bailey">Dorothy F. Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Kane_Callum" title="Agnes Kane Callum">Agnes Kane Callum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renee_E._Fox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Renee E. Fox (page does not exist)">Renee E. Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_K._Goering" class="mw-redirect" title="Susan K. Goering">Susan K. Goering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Lacks" title="Henrietta Lacks">Henrietta Lacks</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann_Cipriano_Rees&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ann Cipriano Rees (page does not exist)">Ann Cipriano Rees</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_B._Byron" class="mw-redirect" title="Beverly B. Byron">Beverly B. Byron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._Gail_de_Planque" title="E. Gail de Planque">E. Gail de Planque</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_S._Feik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary S. Feik (page does not exist)">Mary S. Feik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_O%27Brien" title="Katherine O'Brien">Katherine O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_L._Singh" title="Linda L. Singh">Linda L. Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sue_Fryer_Ward" title="Sue Fryer Ward">Sue Fryer Ward</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sophia_Arabatzis_Balis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sophia Arabatzis Balis (page does not exist)">Sophia Arabatzis Balis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oretha_Bridgwaters-Simms&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oretha Bridgwaters-Simms (page does not exist)">Oretha Bridgwaters-Simms</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_C._Goodwillie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary C. Goodwillie (page does not exist)">Mary C. Goodwillie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_Danforth_Harmon" class="mw-redirect" title="Elaine Danforth Harmon">Elaine Danforth Harmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanne_Katz" title="Joanne Katz">Joanne Katz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lizette_Woodworth_Reese" title="Lizette Woodworth Reese">Lizette Woodworth Reese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marsha_Coleman-Adebayo" title="Marsha Coleman-Adebayo">Marsha Coleman-Adebayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Colvin" title="Carolyn Colvin">Carolyn Colvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Edwards" title="Donna Edwards">Donna Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Garrett" title="Mary Garrett">Mary Garrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Blodgett_Gebbie" title="Katharine Blodgett Gebbie">Katharine Blodgett Gebbie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katie_Ledecky" title="Katie Ledecky">Katie Ledecky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Maroulis" title="Helen Maroulis">Helen Maroulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilian_Welsh" title="Lilian Welsh">Lilian Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sandra_I._Barnes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sandra I. Barnes (page does not exist)">Sandra I. Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Williams_Ortega" title="Sandra Williams Ortega">Sandra Williams Ortega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Saunders_Plummer" title="Emily Saunders Plummer">Emily Saunders Plummer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rita_L._Robinson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rita L. Robinson (page does not exist)">Rita L. Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hattie_N._Washington&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hattie N. Washington (page does not exist)">Hattie N. Washington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marielsa_A._Bernard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marielsa A. Bernard (page does not exist)">Marielsa A. Bernard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusta_T._Chissell" title="Augusta T. Chissell">Augusta T. Chissell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Dawes" title="Dominique Dawes">Dominique Dawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Hall" title="Virginia Hall">Virginia Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Gumataotao_Rios" title="Rosa Gumataotao Rios">Rosa Gumataotao Rios</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evelyn_Williams_Townsend&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evelyn Williams Townsend (page does not exist)">Evelyn Williams Townsend</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phyllis_B._Trickett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phyllis B. Trickett (page does not exist)">Phyllis B. Trickett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Woo_Tsui" title="Pauline Woo Tsui">Pauline Woo Tsui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2020s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2020s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victorine_Q._Adams" title="Victorine Q. Adams">Victorine Q. Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evelyn_O._A._Darden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evelyn O. A. Darden (page does not exist)">Evelyn O. A. Darden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claire_Parkinson" title="Claire Parkinson">Claire Parkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Roman" title="Nancy Roman">Nancy Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_R._Wolfe" title="Leslie R. Wolfe">Leslie R. Wolfe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Bobo" title="Elizabeth Bobo">Elizabeth Bobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Hawkins" title="Margaret Hawkins">Margaret Hawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruby_Reese_Moone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruby Reese Moone (page does not exist)">Ruby Reese Moone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy_K._Welker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nancy K. Welker (page does not exist)">Nancy K. Welker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Celeste_Revillon_Winans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Celeste Revillon Winans (page does not exist)">Celeste Revillon Winans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Blum" title="Dorothy Blum">Dorothy Blum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_L._Cleave" title="Mary L. Cleave">Mary L. Cleave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Richardson" title="Gloria Richardson">Gloria Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beatrice_Rodgers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beatrice Rodgers (page does not exist)">Beatrice Rodgers</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odessa_M._Shannon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Odessa M. Shannon (page does not exist)">Odessa M. Shannon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2023</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Janeen_L._Birckhead" title="Janeen L. Birckhead">Janeen L. Birckhead</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charlotte_M._Cooksey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charlotte M. Cooksey (page does not exist)">Charlotte M. Cooksey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ana_Sol_Gutierrez" title="Ana Sol Gutierrez">Ana Sol Gutierrez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_G._Lawlah" title="Gloria G. Lawlah">Gloria G. Lawlah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Ronne" title="Jackie Ronne">Jackie Ronne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2024</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adrienne_A._Jones" title="Adrienne A. Jones">Adrienne A. Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_C._Lee" title="Susan C. Lee">Susan C. Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooke_Lierman" title="Brooke Lierman">Brooke Lierman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aruna_Miller" title="Aruna Miller">Aruna Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Inductees_to_the_National_Women&#039;s_Hall_of_Fame" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:National Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template talk:National Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Inductees_to_the_National_Women&#039;s_Hall_of_Fame" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Inductees to the <a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Women's Hall of Fame">National Women's Hall of Fame</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1970–1979" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1970–1979</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1973</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Jane Addams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Anderson" title="Marian Anderson">Marian Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony">Susan B. Anthony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Barton" title="Clara Barton">Clara Barton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_McLeod_Bethune" title="Mary McLeod Bethune">Mary McLeod Bethune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackwell" title="Elizabeth Blackwell">Elizabeth Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_S._Buck" title="Pearl S. Buck">Pearl S. Buck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Carson" title="Rachel Carson">Rachel Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt">Mary Cassatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Dickinson" title="Emily Dickinson">Emily Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Earhart" title="Amelia Earhart">Amelia Earhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Hamilton" title="Alice Hamilton">Alice Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Hayes" title="Helen Hayes">Helen Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Keller" title="Helen Keller">Helen Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Eleanor Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_R._Sabin" title="Florence R. Sabin">Florence Sabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Chase_Smith" title="Margaret Chase Smith">Margaret Chase Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton" title="Elizabeth Cady Stanton">Elizabeth Cady Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_B._Taussig" title="Helen B. Taussig">Helen Brooke Taussig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Tubman" title="Harriet Tubman">Harriet Tubman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abigail_Adams" title="Abigail Adams">Abigail Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Mead" title="Margaret Mead">Margaret Mead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babe_Didrikson_Zaharias" title="Babe Didrikson Zaharias">Mildred "Babe" Didrikson Zaharias</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1979</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Dix" title="Dorothea Dix">Dorothea Dix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliette_Gordon_Low" title="Juliette Gordon Low">Juliette Gordon Low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Paul" title="Alice Paul">Alice Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Ann_Seton" title="Elizabeth Ann Seton">Elizabeth Bayley Seton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1980–1989" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1980–1989</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1981</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Sanger" title="Margaret Sanger">Margaret Sanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sojourner_Truth" title="Sojourner Truth">Sojourner Truth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1982</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carrie_Chapman_Catt" title="Carrie Chapman Catt">Carrie Chapman Catt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Perkins" title="Frances Perkins">Frances Perkins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1983</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belva_Ann_Lockwood" title="Belva Ann Lockwood">Belva Lockwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucretia_Mott" title="Lucretia Mott">Lucretia Mott</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1984</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones" title="Mother Jones">Mary "Mother" Harris Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Smith" title="Bessie Smith">Bessie Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1986</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">Barbara McClintock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Stone" title="Lucy Stone">Lucy Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Beecher_Stowe" title="Harriet Beecher Stowe">Harriet Beecher Stowe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1988</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gwendolyn_Brooks" title="Gwendolyn Brooks">Gwendolyn Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willa_Cather" title="Willa Cather">Willa Cather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Ride" title="Sally Ride">Sally Ride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Risteau" title="Mary Risteau">Mary Risteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_B._Wells" title="Ida B. Wells">Ida B. Wells-Barnett</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1990–1999" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1990–1999</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Bourke-White" title="Margaret Bourke-White">Margaret Bourke-White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Jordan" title="Barbara Jordan">Barbara Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billie_Jean_King" title="Billie Jean King">Billie Jean King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_B._Seibert" title="Florence B. Seibert">Florence B. Seibert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_B._Elion" title="Gertrude B. Elion">Gertrude Belle Elion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1993</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethel_Percy_Andrus" title="Ethel Percy Andrus">Ethel Percy Andrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoinette_Brown_Blackwell" title="Antoinette Brown Blackwell">Antoinette Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Blackwell" title="Emily Blackwell">Emily Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Chisholm" title="Shirley Chisholm">Shirley Chisholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Cochran" title="Jacqueline Cochran">Jacqueline Cochran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Johnson_Colvin" title="Ruth Johnson Colvin">Ruth Colvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Wright_Edelman" title="Marian Wright Edelman">Marian Wright Edelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Catherine_Evans" title="Alice Catherine Evans">Alice Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Friedan" title="Betty Friedan">Betty Friedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Grasso" title="Ella Grasso">Ella Grasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Griffiths" title="Martha Griffiths">Martha Wright Griffiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fannie_Lou_Hamer" title="Fannie Lou Hamer">Fannie Lou Hamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Height" title="Dorothy Height">Dorothy Height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolores_Huerta" title="Dolores Huerta">Dolores Huerta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Putnam_Jacobi" title="Mary Putnam Jacobi">Mary Putnam Jacobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mae_Jemison" title="Mae Jemison">Mae Jemison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Lyon" title="Mary Lyon">Mary Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Eliza_Mahoney" title="Mary Eliza Mahoney">Mary Mahoney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_Mankiller" title="Wilma Mankiller">Wilma Mankiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_Baker_Motley" title="Constance Baker Motley">Constance Baker Motley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_O%27Keeffe" title="Georgia O'Keeffe">Georgia O'Keeffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Oakley" title="Annie Oakley">Annie Oakley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks" title="Rosa Parks">Rosa Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_Peterson" title="Esther Peterson">Esther Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeannette_Rankin" title="Jeannette Rankin">Jeannette Rankin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Swallow_Richards" title="Ellen Swallow Richards">Ellen Swallow Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_Roulet" title="Elaine Roulet">Elaine Roulet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Siva_Saubel" title="Katherine Siva Saubel">Katherine Siva Saubel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Steinem" title="Gloria Steinem">Gloria Steinem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Stephens" title="Helen Stephens">Helen Stephens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Wald" title="Lillian Wald">Lillian Wald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madam_C._J._Walker" title="Madam C. J. Walker">Madam C. J. Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faye_Wattleton" title="Faye Wattleton">Faye Wattleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Sussman_Yalow" title="Rosalyn Sussman Yalow">Rosalyn S. Yalow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Yerkovich" title="Gloria Yerkovich">Gloria Yerkovich</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1994</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bella_Abzug" title="Bella Abzug">Bella Abzug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Baker" title="Ella Baker">Ella Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myra_Bradwell" title="Myra Bradwell">Myra Bradwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Jump_Cannon" title="Annie Jump Cannon">Annie Jump Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Cunningham_Croly" title="Jane Cunningham Croly">Jane Cunningham Croly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Shipe_East" title="Catherine Shipe East">Catherine East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Ferraro" title="Geraldine Ferraro">Geraldine Ferraro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Perkins_Gilman" title="Charlotte Perkins Gilman">Charlotte Perkins Gilman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Hopper" title="Grace Hopper">Grace Hopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_LaKelly_Hunt" title="Helen LaKelly Hunt">Helen LaKelly Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zora_Neale_Hurston" title="Zora Neale Hurston">Zora Neale Hurston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Hutchinson" title="Anne Hutchinson">Anne Hutchinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Wisebart_Jacobs" title="Frances Wisebart Jacobs">Frances Wisebart Jacobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susette_La_Flesche" title="Susette La Flesche">Susette La Flesche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_McManus" title="Louise McManus">Louise McManus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Mitchell" title="Maria Mitchell">Maria Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonia_Novello" title="Antonia Novello">Antonia Novello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Richards" title="Linda Richards">Linda Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_Rudolph" title="Wilma Rudolph">Wilma Rudolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Bone_Schiess" title="Betty Bone Schiess">Betty Bone Schiess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muriel_Siebert" title="Muriel Siebert">Muriel Siebert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nettie_Stevens" title="Nettie Stevens">Nettie Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Winnemucca" title="Sarah Winnemucca">Sarah Winnemucca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Wright" title="Frances Wright">Fanny Wright</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1995</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Apgar" title="Virginia Apgar">Virginia Apgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Bancroft" title="Ann Bancroft">Ann Bancroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Bloomer" title="Amelia Bloomer">Amelia Bloomer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Carson_Breckinridge" title="Mary Carson Breckinridge">Mary Breckinridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eileen_Collins" title="Eileen Collins">Eileen Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Dole" title="Elizabeth Dole">Elizabeth Hanford Dole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Dallas_Dudley" title="Anne Dallas Dudley">Anne Dallas Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Baker_Eddy" title="Mary Baker Eddy">Mary Baker Eddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Fitzgerald" title="Ella Fitzgerald">Ella Fitzgerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Fuller" title="Margaret Fuller">Margaret Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_Joslyn_Gage" title="Matilda Joslyn Gage">Matilda Joslyn Gage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Moller_Gilbreth" title="Lillian Moller Gilbreth">Lillian Moller Gilbreth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nannerl_O._Keohane" title="Nannerl O. Keohane">Nannerl O. Keohane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Kuhn" title="Maggie Kuhn">Maggie Kuhn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor" title="Sandra Day O'Connor">Sandra Day O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_St._Pierre_Ruffin" title="Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin">Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Schroeder" title="Pat Schroeder">Pat Schroeder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_G._Solomon" title="Hannah G. Solomon">Hannah Greenebaum Solomon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1996</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louisa_May_Alcott" title="Louisa May Alcott">Louisa May Alcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Bunch" title="Charlotte Bunch">Charlotte Anne Bunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Xavier_Cabrini" title="Frances Xavier Cabrini">Frances Xavier Cabrini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Hallaren" title="Mary Hallaren">Mary A. Hallaren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oveta_Culp_Hobby" title="Oveta Culp Hobby">Oveta Culp Hobby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_Holladay" title="Wilhelmina Holladay">Wilhelmina Cole Holladay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Morrow_Lindbergh" title="Anne Morrow Lindbergh">Anne Morrow Lindbergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Goeppert_Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert Mayer">Maria Goeppert Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernestine_Rose" title="Ernestine Rose">Ernestine Louise Potowski Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Tallchief" title="Maria Tallchief">Maria Tallchief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Wharton" title="Edith Wharton">Edith Wharton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Albright" title="Madeleine Albright">Madeleine Albright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nellie_Bly" title="Nellie Bly">Nellie Bly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Moss_Bradley" title="Lydia Moss Bradley">Lydia Moss Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Calderone" title="Mary Calderone">Mary Steichen Calderone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ann_Shadd" title="Mary Ann Shadd">Mary Ann Shadd Cary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Ganz_Cooney" title="Joan Ganz Cooney">Joan Ganz Cooney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerty_Cori" title="Gerty Cori">Gerty Cori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Moore_Grimk%C3%A9" title="Sarah Moore Grimké">Sarah Grimké</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Ward_Howe" title="Julia Ward Howe">Julia Ward Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Ann_Jackson" title="Shirley Ann Jackson">Shirley Ann Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannon_Lucid" title="Shannon Lucid">Shannon Lucid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_McCormick" title="Katharine McCormick">Katharine Dexter McCormick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rozanne_L._Ridgway" title="Rozanne L. Ridgway">Rozanne L. Ridgway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Nourse_Rogers" title="Edith Nourse Rogers">Edith Nourse Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felice_Schwartz" title="Felice Schwartz">Felice Schwartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunice_Kennedy_Shriver" title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver">Eunice Kennedy Shriver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_Sills" title="Beverly Sills">Beverly Sills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Wald" title="Florence Wald">Florence Wald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelina_Grimk%C3%A9" title="Angelina Grimké">Angelina Grimké Weld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chien-Shiung_Wu" title="Chien-Shiung Wu">Chien-Shiung Wu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2000–2009" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2000–2009</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faye_Glenn_Abdellah" title="Faye Glenn Abdellah">Faye Glenn Abdellah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Smith_DeVoe" title="Emma Smith DeVoe">Emma Smith DeVoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjory_Stoneman_Douglas" title="Marjory Stoneman Douglas">Marjory Stoneman Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Dyer" title="Mary Dyer">Mary Dyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Earle" title="Sylvia Earle">Sylvia A. Earle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Eastman" title="Crystal Eastman">Crystal Eastman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_M._Holm" title="Jeanne M. Holm">Jeanne Holm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leontine_T._Kelly" title="Leontine T. Kelly">Leontine T. Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Oldham_Kelsey" title="Frances Oldham Kelsey">Frances Oldham Kelsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Mullany" title="Kate Mullany">Kate Mullany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Reno" title="Janet Reno">Janet Reno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Howard_Shaw" title="Anna Howard Shaw">Anna Howard Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Smith_(Smith_College)" title="Sophia Smith (Smith College)">Sophia Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Tarbell" title="Ida Tarbell">Ida Tarbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_Vaught" title="Wilma Vaught">Wilma L. Vaught</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Edwards_Walker" title="Mary Edwards Walker">Mary Edwards Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Dodge_Wauneka" title="Annie Dodge Wauneka">Annie Dodge Wauneka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudora_Welty" title="Eudora Welty">Eudora Welty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Willard" title="Frances Willard">Frances E. Willard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Hansine_Andersen" title="Dorothy Hansine Andersen">Dorothy H. Andersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucille_Ball" title="Lucille Ball">Lucille Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalynn_Carter" title="Rosalynn Carter">Rosalynn Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Maria_Child" title="Lydia Maria Child">Lydia Maria Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Coleman" title="Bessie Coleman">Bessie Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Dorothy Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_de_Forest" title="Marian de Forest">Marian de Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Althea_Gibson" title="Althea Gibson">Althea Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Hicks" title="Beatrice Hicks">Beatrice A. Hicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Holdridge" title="Barbara Holdridge">Barbara Holdridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Williams_Russell_Strong" title="Harriet Williams Russell Strong">Harriet Williams Russell Strong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Howell_Warner" title="Emily Howell Warner">Emily Howell Warner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Woodhull" title="Victoria Woodhull">Victoria Woodhull</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2002</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paulina_Kellogg_Wright_Davis" class="mw-redirect" title="Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis">Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg" title="Ruth Bader Ginsburg">Ruth Bader Ginsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Graham" title="Katharine Graham">Katharine Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertha_Holt" title="Bertha Holt">Bertha Holt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Engle_Pennington" title="Mary Engle Pennington">Mary Engle Pennington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercy_Otis_Warren" title="Mercy Otis Warren">Mercy Otis Warren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linda_G._Alvarado" title="Linda G. Alvarado">Linda G. Alvarado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_de_Varona" title="Donna de Varona">Donna de Varona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Ederle" title="Gertrude Ederle">Gertrude Ederle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Matilda_Harper" title="Martha Matilda Harper">Martha Matilda Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Roberts_Harris" title="Patricia Roberts Harris">Patricia Roberts Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Kwolek" title="Stephanie Kwolek">Stephanie L. Kwolek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Lange" title="Dorothea Lange">Dorothea Lange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Robbins_Leet" title="Mildred Robbins Leet">Mildred Robbins Leet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patsy_Mink" title="Patsy Mink">Patsy Takemoto Mink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacagawea" title="Sacagawea">Sacagawea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Sullivan" title="Anne Sullivan">Anne Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Widnall" title="Sheila Widnall">Sheila E. Widnall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florence_E._Allen" title="Florence E. Allen">Florence E. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Benedict" title="Ruth Benedict">Ruth Fulton Benedict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Bumpers" title="Betty Bumpers">Betty Bumpers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_R._Colwell" title="Rita R. Colwell">Rita Rossi Colwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Cope" title="Marianne Cope">Mother Marianne Cope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Lin" title="Maya Lin">Maya Y. Lin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Locke" title="Patricia Locke">Patricia A. Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanche_Scott" class="mw-redirect" title="Blanche Scott">Blanche Stuart Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Burnett_Talbert" title="Mary Burnett Talbert">Mary Burnett Talbert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_K._Baum" title="Eleanor K. Baum">Eleanor K. Baum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Child" title="Julia Child">Julia Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Coffin_Wright" title="Martha Coffin Wright">Martha Coffin Pelham Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swanee_Hunt" title="Swanee Hunt">Swanee Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winona_LaDuke" title="Winona LaDuke">Winona LaDuke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_K%C3%BCbler-Ross" title="Elisabeth Kübler-Ross">Elisabeth Kübler-Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Pipher" title="Judith Pipher">Judith L. Pipher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Filene_Shouse" title="Catherine Filene Shouse">Catherine Filene Shouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Szold" title="Henrietta Szold">Henrietta Szold</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Bourgeois" title="Louise Bourgeois">Louise Bourgeois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Cohn" title="Mildred Cohn">Mildred Cohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_DeCrow" title="Karen DeCrow">Karen DeCrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Kelly-Dreiss" title="Susan Kelly-Dreiss">Susan Kelly-Dreiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allie_B._Latimer" title="Allie B. Latimer">Allie B. Latimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Lazarus" title="Emma Lazarus">Emma Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Patrick" title="Ruth Patrick">Ruth Patrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Talbot_Perkins" title="Rebecca Talbot Perkins">Rebecca Talbot Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Solomon" title="Susan Solomon">Susan Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Stoneman" title="Kate Stoneman">Kate Stoneman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2010–2019" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2010–2019</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Drexel" title="Katharine Drexel">St. Katharine Drexel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Harrison_Eustis" title="Dorothy Harrison Eustis">Dorothy Harrison Eustis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Ford" title="Loretta Ford">Loretta C. Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abby_Kelley_Foster" title="Abby Kelley Foster">Abby Kelley Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Murray_Free" title="Helen Murray Free">Helen Murray Free</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Billie Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coretta_Scott_King" title="Coretta Scott King">Coretta Scott King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilly_Ledbetter" title="Lilly Ledbetter">Lilly Ledbetter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Mikulski" title="Barbara Mikulski">Barbara A. Mikulski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Shalala" title="Donna Shalala">Donna E. Shalala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathrine_Switzer" title="Kathrine Switzer">Kathrine Switzer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Ford" title="Betty Ford">Betty Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ina_May_Gaskin" title="Ina May Gaskin">Ina May Gaskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Krone" title="Julie Krone">Julie Krone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Millett" title="Kate Millett">Kate Millett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Joseph_Rogers" title="Mary Joseph Rogers">Mary Joseph Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernice_Sandler" title="Bernice Sandler">Bernice Sandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Schwartz" title="Anna Schwartz">Anna Schwartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Willard" title="Emma Willard">Emma Willard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tenley_Albright" title="Tenley Albright">Tenley Albright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Brinker" title="Nancy Brinker">Nancy Brinker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Graham" title="Martha Graham">Martha Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcia_Greenberger" title="Marcia Greenberger">Marcia Greenberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Iglewski" title="Barbara Iglewski">Barbara Iglewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Kilbourne" title="Jean Kilbourne">Jean Kilbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlotta_Walls_LaNier" title="Carlotta Walls LaNier">Carlotta Walls LaNier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippa_Marrack" title="Philippa Marrack">Philippa Marrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Harriman_Rumsey" title="Mary Harriman Rumsey">Mary Harriman Rumsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Smeal" title="Eleanor Smeal">Eleanor Smeal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_Cuomo" title="Matilda Cuomo">Matilda Cuomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Grandin" title="Temple Grandin">Temple Grandin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine_Hansberry" title="Lorraine Hansberry">Lorraine Hansberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Jackson_(entrepreneur)" title="Victoria Jackson (entrepreneur)">Victoria Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherry_Lansing" title="Sherry Lansing">Sherry Lansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_Boothe_Luce" title="Clare Boothe Luce">Clare Boothe Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aimee_Mullins" title="Aimee Mullins">Aimee Mullins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Mutter" title="Carol Mutter">Carol Mutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Rowley" title="Janet Rowley">Janet Rowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Waters" title="Alice Waters">Alice Waters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Allred" title="Gloria Allred">Gloria Allred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis">Angela Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Deer" title="Sarah Deer">Sarah Deer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Fonda" title="Jane Fonda">Jane Fonda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Malachowski" title="Nicole Malachowski">Nicole Malachowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_O%27Neill" title="Rose O'Neill">Rose O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Slaughter" title="Louise Slaughter">Louise Slaughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor" title="Sonia Sotomayor">Sonia Sotomayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurie_Spiegel" title="Laurie Spiegel">Laurie Spiegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flossie_Wong-Staal" title="Flossie Wong-Staal">Flossie Wong-Staal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2020–2029" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2020–2029</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Hillary_(adventurer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbara Hillary (adventurer)">Barbara Hillary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Rose_Johns" title="Barbara Rose Johns">Barbara Rose Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Lacks" title="Henrietta Lacks">Henrietta Lacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Toni Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Church_Terrell" title="Mary Church Terrell">Mary Church Terrell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Octavia_E._Butler" title="Octavia E. Butler">Octavia E. Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Chicago" title="Judy Chicago">Judy Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_S._Halstead" title="Rebecca S. Halstead">Rebecca S. Halstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mia_Hamm" title="Mia Hamm">Mia Hamm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joy_Harjo" title="Joy Harjo">Joy Harjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Howland" title="Emily Howland">Emily Howland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="Katherine Johnson">Katherine Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indra_Nooyi" title="Indra Nooyi">Indra Nooyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2024</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Bath" title="Patricia Bath">Patricia Bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Bridges" title="Ruby Bridges">Ruby Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elouise_P._Cobell" title="Elouise P. Cobell">Elouise P. Cobell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimberl%C3%A9_Crenshaw" title="Kimberlé Crenshaw">Kimberlé Crenshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_McIntosh" title="Peggy McIntosh">Peggy McIntosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Plaskow" title="Judith Plaskow">Judith Plaskow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Ross" title="Loretta Ross">Loretta Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Stone_(artist)" title="Sandy Stone (artist)">Sandy Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Wessels_Williams" title="Anna Wessels Williams">Anna Wessels Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serena_Williams" title="Serena Williams">Serena Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_–_Class_of_2000" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2000_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:2000 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2000_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template talk:2000 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2000_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2000 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_–_Class_of_2000" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a> – <a href="/wiki/List_of_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_inductees" title="List of Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees">Class of 2000</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Performers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Eric_Clapton" title="Eric Clapton">Eric Clapton</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire" title="Earth, Wind & Fire">Earth, Wind & Fire</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Bailey" title="Philip Bailey">Philip Bailey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Larry_Dunn" title="Larry Dunn">Larry Dunn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Graham_(musician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Johnny Graham (musician)">Johnny Graham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Johnson_(musician)" title="Ralph Johnson (musician)">Ralph Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_McKay" title="Al McKay">Al McKay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fred_White_(musician)" title="Fred White (musician)">Fred White</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_White" title="Maurice White">Maurice White</a>, <a href="/wiki/Verdine_White" title="Verdine White">Verdine White</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Woolfolk" title="Andrew Woolfolk">Andrew Woolfolk</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/The_Lovin%27_Spoonful" title="The Lovin' Spoonful">The Lovin' Spoonful</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Boone" title="Steve Boone">Steve Boone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Butler" title="Joe Butler">Joe Butler</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Sebastian" title="John Sebastian">John Sebastian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zal_Yanovsky" title="Zal Yanovsky">Zal Yanovsky</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/The_Moonglows" title="The Moonglows">The Moonglows</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prentiss_Barnes" title="Prentiss Barnes">Prentiss Barnes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Fuqua" title="Harvey Fuqua">Harvey Fuqua</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Graves_(musician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Graves (musician) (page does not exist)">Peter Graves</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Billy_Johnson_(musician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Billy Johnson (musician) (page does not exist)">Billy Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Lester" class="mw-redirect" title="Bobby Lester">Bobby Lester</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Raitt" title="Bonnie Raitt">Bonnie Raitt</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/James_Taylor" title="James Taylor">James Taylor</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early influences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nat_King_Cole" title="Nat King Cole">Nat King Cole</a></b></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Billie Holiday</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-performers<br />(Ahmet Ertegun Award)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Clive_Davis" title="Clive Davis">Clive Davis</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sidemen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Hal_Blaine" title="Hal Blaine">Hal Blaine</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/King_Curtis" title="King Curtis">King Curtis</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/James_Jamerson" title="James Jamerson">James Jamerson</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Scotty_Moore" title="Scotty Moore">Scotty Moore</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Earl_Palmer" title="Earl Palmer">Earl Palmer</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104358#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104358#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104358#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Fagan, Eleonora"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000368571283">ISNI</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Holiday, Billie"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000110215599">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/14857262">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/11114/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJfrG76xTW7xxBBkFrkYyd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Billie Holiday"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118706454">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Holiday, Billie"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50033023">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12402944q">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12402944q">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00522683">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Holiday, Billie"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/RAVV030947">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35201923">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ola2002158382&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Holiday, Billie"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX916691">Spain</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/123136">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p072310464">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90138477">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000067650&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000132350&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=89094">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199612631">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/pm1477c752kp024">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810624618405606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007499175605171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000194966">Finland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058522349006706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14220032">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA03236615?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Billie Holiday"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/d59c4cda-11d9-48db-8bfe-b557ee602aed">MusicBrainz</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Billie Holiday with the All-Star Jam Band"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/a17dd03a-80e6-4280-963a-e25ec9050b6f">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/9fd0d0ad-f207-4c50-acbd-0b7d2990d617">KulturNav</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/names/102008">Discography of American Historical Recordings</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grammy.com/artists/billie-holiday/11866">Grammy Awards</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/862795">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118706454.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118706454">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02778360X">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10581105">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6n87bns">SNAC</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rism.online/people/51015803">RISM</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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195.252 1 Template:Infobox_musical_artist"," 5.29% 178.719 95 Template:Catalog_lookup_link"," 5.19% 175.324 34 Template:Cite_web"," 5.00% 168.963 10 Template:Cite_magazine"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"2.132","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":17258555,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n\"\"\ntable#1 {\n}\n\"\"\ntable#1 {\n}\n\"\"\nanchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREF\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREF\u0026quot;About_Billie_Holiday,\u0026quot;2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF\u0026quot;Billie_Holiday_Biography\u0026quot;\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF\u0026quot;Harlem_Hit_Parade\u0026quot;,1942–1943\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF\u0026quot;New_Jersey_Death_Index\u0026quot;\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlagna,2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAllMusic._Discography\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaltimore_Heritage,_April_26,2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBennett_BannerScott2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBillboard,_December_22,1956\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlackburn,2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlackburn2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrothers,2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBush,2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCartwright,2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChilton,1975\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClarke,2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCollins2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDahl,1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavis,1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDef_Pen,_July_2,2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDixon2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDufour,1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDufour2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEff,2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEssential_Billie_Holiday,1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvanier,_January_6,2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFeather,1972\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFessenden2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFord,1958\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFriedwald,_June1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrost\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGourse,2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGriffin,2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGuardian,_May_3,2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHari,_January_17,2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHentoff,n.d.\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHolidayDufty1956\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFHoliday_\u0026amp;_Dufty,1956\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIndiana_Public_Media,_March_4,2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIngham,2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJacobs2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJacobs2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJames,1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJazzTimes,_October_7,2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJazzstandards.com,_\u0026quot;1940s\u0026quot;\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJazzstandards.com,_\u0026quot;Lover_Man\u0026quot;\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJepsen,1969\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaplan,_February2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKatz,2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKernfeld1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKernfeld1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKernfeld2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKernfeld2002\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFKliment,1990\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFKuehl_\u0026amp;_Schocket,1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLady_Love,1962\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLahr,_December_20,2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLife,_October_11,1943\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLobl2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLos_Angeles_Times,_February_27,2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMargolick,2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeares2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMillar,1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMillstein,_June1961\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoore2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNPR,_All_Things_Considered,_April_7,2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNPR,_Morning_Edition,_July_17,2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNational_Post,_May_17,2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNew_York_Times,_July_18,1959\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNew_York_Times,_March_7,2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNew_York_Times,_September_10,2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNew_York_Times_Magazine,_December_24,1972\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNew_Yorker,_April_3,2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNicholson,1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNovaes,_\u0026quot;Favorites\u0026quot;\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNovaes,_\u0026quot;Live_Songs,\u0026quot;1935\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNovaes,_\u0026quot;Live_Songs,\u0026quot;1937\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNovaes,_\u0026quot;Musicians\u0026quot;\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNovaes,_\u0026quot;Studio_Discography\u0026quot;\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNovaes,_\u0026quot;Studio_Songs,\u0026quot;1936\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNovaes,_\u0026quot;Studio_Songs,\u0026quot;1939\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNovaes,_\u0026quot;Studio_Songs,\u0026quot;1944\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNovaes,_\u0026quot;Studio_Songs,\u0026quot;1945\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNovaes,_\u0026quot;The_Composers\u0026quot;\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Hara2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Meally,1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOstendorf,_May1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPerloff2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPittsburgh_Courier,_July_25,1959\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRandolph2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReuters,_July_4,2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRipatrazone,_August_14,2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRock_\u0026amp;_Roll_Hall_of_Fame\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRosenstein,2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRust,1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSan_Francisco_Chronicle,_September_18,2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchoenberg2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShaw,1971\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShaw2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSheldon,2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSonneborn2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSzwed,2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThem,_January_12,2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTsort.info,_\u0026quot;Billie_Holiday\u0026quot;\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTsort.info,_\u0026quot;Summertime\u0026quot;\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVail,1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVary2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalker,_November2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhite,1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliams2022\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 1,\n [\"'\"] = 3,\n [\"'-\"] = 5,\n [\"'s\"] = 2,\n [\"-'\"] = 1,\n [\"2000 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame\"] = 1,\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"Age in years, months, weeks and days\"] = 1,\n [\"AllMusic\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Billie Holiday\"] = 1,\n [\"Birth date\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 5,\n [\"Circa\"] = 3,\n [\"Citation\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 89,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 10,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 17,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 34,\n [\"Clear\"] = 1,\n [\"Commons\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Holiday, Billie\"] = 1,\n [\"Death date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"Discogs release\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col end\"] = 1,\n [\"Doi\"] = 1,\n [\"Free access\"] = 5,\n [\"GBurl\"] = 36,\n [\"Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award\"] = 1,\n [\"Hanging indent\"] = 17,\n [\"Hlist\"] = 2,\n [\"IBDB name\"] = 1,\n [\"IMDb name\"] = 1,\n [\"IMDb title\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 45,\n [\"ISSN\"] = 3,\n [\"Infobox musical artist\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox person\"] = 1,\n [\"LCCN\"] = 37,\n [\"Main\"] = 1,\n [\"Marriage\"] = 3,\n [\"Maryland Women's Hall of Fame\"] = 1,\n [\"National Women's Hall of Fame\"] = 1,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 3,\n [\"OCLC\"] = 40,\n [\"OCLC search link\"] = 1,\n [\"Official URL\"] = 1,\n [\"Pipe\"] = 1,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 1,\n [\"Playbill person\"] = 1,\n [\"ProQuest\"] = 6,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 4,\n [\"Refend\"] = 4,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Rp\"] = 2,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 151,\n [\"SfnRef\"] = 89,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Smallcaps\"] = 1,\n [\"URL\"] = 3,\n [\"Use american english\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikiquote\"] = 1,\n [\"_'\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","500","20.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","360","14.5"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","300","12.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","160","6.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","160","6.5"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","120","4.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","100","4.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","40","1.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::preprocess","40","1.6"],["citation0 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Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-04-25T21:59:27Z","dateModified":"2024-11-21T20:30:22Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/bf\/Portrait_of_Billie_Holiday_and_Mister%2C_Downbeat%2C_New_York%2C_N.Y.%2C_ca._Feb._1947_%28LOC%2C_5020400274%2C_cropped%29.jpg","headline":"American jazz singer (1915\u20131959)"}</script> </body> </html>