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key stone</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: open stack key stone"> <meta name="keywords" content="open stack key stone"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="open stack key stone"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 3453</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: open stack key stone</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3453</span> Impact of Stack Caches: Locality Awareness and Cost Effectiveness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulrahman%20K.%20Alshegaifi">Abdulrahman K. Alshegaifi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chun-Hsi%20Huang"> Chun-Hsi Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Treating data based on its location in memory has received much attention in recent years due to its different properties, which offer important aspects for cache utilization. Stack data and non-stack data may interfere with each other’s locality in the data cache. One of the important aspects of stack data is that it has high spatial and temporal locality. In this work, we simulate non-unified cache design that split data cache into stack and non-stack caches in order to maintain stack data and non-stack data separate in different caches. We observe that the overall hit rate of non-unified cache design is sensitive to the size of non-stack cache. Then, we investigate the appropriate size and associativity for stack cache to achieve high hit ratio especially when over 99% of accesses are directed to stack cache. The result shows that on average more than 99% of stack cache accuracy is achieved by using 2KB of capacity and 1-way associativity. Further, we analyze the improvement in hit rate when adding small, fixed, size of stack cache at level1 to unified cache architecture. The result shows that the overall hit rate of unified cache design with adding 1KB of stack cache is improved by approximately, on average, 3.9% for Rijndael benchmark. The stack cache is simulated by using SimpleScalar toolset. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hit%20rate" title="hit rate">hit rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=locality%20of%20program" title=" locality of program"> locality of program</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stack%20cache" title=" stack cache"> stack cache</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stack%20data" title=" stack data"> stack data</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46309/impact-of-stack-caches-locality-awareness-and-cost-effectiveness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46309.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">303</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3452</span> Application of Post-Stack and Pre-Stack Seismic Inversion for Prediction of Hydrocarbon Reservoirs in a Persian Gulf Gas Field</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nastaran%20Moosavi">Nastaran Moosavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Mokhtari"> Mohammad Mokhtari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Seismic inversion is a technique which has been in use for years and its main goal is to estimate and to model physical characteristics of rocks and fluids. Generally, it is a combination of seismic and well-log data. Seismic inversion can be carried out through different methods; we have conducted and compared post-stack and pre- stack seismic inversion methods on real data in one of the fields in the Persian Gulf. Pre-stack seismic inversion can transform seismic data to rock physics such as P-impedance, S-impedance and density. While post- stack seismic inversion can just estimate P-impedance. Then these parameters can be used in reservoir identification. Based on the results of inverting seismic data, a gas reservoir was detected in one of Hydrocarbon oil fields in south of Iran (Persian Gulf). By comparing post stack and pre-stack seismic inversion it can be concluded that the pre-stack seismic inversion provides a more reliable and detailed information for identification and prediction of hydrocarbon reservoirs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=density" title="density">density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=p-impedance" title=" p-impedance"> p-impedance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=s-impedance" title=" s-impedance"> s-impedance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-stack%20seismic%20inversion" title=" post-stack seismic inversion"> post-stack seismic inversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-stack%20seismic%20inversion" title=" pre-stack seismic inversion"> pre-stack seismic inversion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54295/application-of-post-stack-and-pre-stack-seismic-inversion-for-prediction-of-hydrocarbon-reservoirs-in-a-persian-gulf-gas-field" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54295.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">324</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3451</span> Effect of Current Density, Temperature and Pressure on Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyser Stack</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Na%20Li">Na Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20Simon%20Araya"> Samuel Simon Araya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S%C3%B8ren%20Knudsen%20K%C3%A6r"> Søren Knudsen Kær</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates the effects of operating parameters of different current density, temperature and pressure on the performance of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis stack. A 7-cell PEM water electrolysis stack was assembled and tested under different operation modules. The voltage change and polarization curves under different test conditions, namely current density, temperature and pressure, were recorded. Results show that higher temperature has positive effect on overall stack performance, where temperature of 80 ℃ improved the cell performance greatly. However, the cathode pressure and current density has little effect on stack performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PEM%20electrolysis%20stack" title="PEM electrolysis stack">PEM electrolysis stack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current%20density" title=" current density"> current density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure" title=" pressure"> pressure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131951/effect-of-current-density-temperature-and-pressure-on-proton-exchange-membrane-electrolyser-stack" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131951.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">201</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3450</span> Effects of Blast Load on Historic Stone Masonry Buildings in Canada: A Review and Analytical Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abass%20Braimah">Abass Braimah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maha%20Hussein%20Abdallah"> Maha Hussein Abdallah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The global ascendancy of terrorist attacks on building infrastructure with economic and heritage significance has increased awareness of the possibility of terrorism in Canada. Many structures in Canada that are at risk of terrorist attacks include government buildings, built many years ago of historic stone masonry construction. Although many researchers are investigating ways to retrofit masonry stone buildings to mitigate the effect of blast loadings, lack of knowledge on the dynamic behavior of historic stone masonry structures under blast loads makes it difficult to ascertain the effectiveness of the retrofitting techniques. This paper presents a review of open-source literature for the experimental and numerical stone masonry structures under blast loads. This review yielded very little information of the response of the historic stone masonry structures under blast loads. Thus, a comprehensive study is needed to understand the blast load effects on historic stone masonry buildings. The out-of-plane response of historic masonry structures to blast loads is investigated by using single-degree-of-freedom analysis. This approach presents equations that can be used effectively in the analysis of historic masonry walls to out-of-plane blast loading. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blast%20loads" title="blast loads">blast loads</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=historical%20buildings" title=" historical buildings"> historical buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=masonry%20structure" title=" masonry structure"> masonry structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single-degree-of-freedom%20analysis" title=" single-degree-of-freedom analysis"> single-degree-of-freedom analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129638/effects-of-blast-load-on-historic-stone-masonry-buildings-in-canada-a-review-and-analytical-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129638.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">184</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3449</span> Circular Raft Footings Strengthened by Stone Columns under Static Loads</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Ziaie%20Moayed">R. Ziaie Moayed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Mohammadi-Haji"> B. Mohammadi-Haji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Stone columns have been widely employed to improve the load-settlement characteristics of soft soils. The results of two small scale displacement control loading tests on stone columns were used in order to validate numerical finite element simulations. Additionally, a series of numerical calculations of static loading have been performed on strengthened raft footing to investigate the effects of using stone columns on bearing capacity of footings. The bearing capacity of single and group of stone columns under static loading compares with unimproved ground. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circular%20raft%20footing" title="circular raft footing">circular raft footing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20analysis" title=" numerical analysis"> numerical analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=validation" title=" validation"> validation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertically%20encased%20stone%20column" title=" vertically encased stone column"> vertically encased stone column</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43844/circular-raft-footings-strengthened-by-stone-columns-under-static-loads" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43844.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">311</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3448</span> Cleaner Technology for Stone Crushers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20M.%20Ahuja">S. M. Ahuja</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There are about 12000 stone crusher units in India and are located in clusters around urban areas to the stone quarries. These crushers create lot of fugitive dust emissions and noise pollution which is a major health hazard for the people working in the crushers and also living in its vicinity. Ambient air monitoring was carried out near various stone crushers and it has been observed that fugitive emission varied from 300 to 8000 mg/Nm3. A number of stone crushers were thoroughly studied and their existing pollution control devices were examined. Limitations in the existing technology were also studied. A technology consisting of minimal effective spray nozzles to reduce the emissions at source followed by a containment cum control system having modular cyclones as air pollution control device has been conceived. Besides preliminary energy audit has also been carried out in some of the stone crushers which indicates substantial potential for energy saving. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stone%20crushers" title="stone crushers">stone crushers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spray%20nozzles" title=" spray nozzles"> spray nozzles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20audit" title=" energy audit"> energy audit</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32058/cleaner-technology-for-stone-crushers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32058.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">332</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3447</span> Shear Reinforcement of Stone Columns During Soil Liquefaction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeineb%20Ben%20Salem">Zeineb Ben Salem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wissem%20Frikha"> Wissem Frikha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mounir%20Bouassida"> Mounir Bouassida</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper is to assess the effectiveness of stone columns as a liquefaction countermeasure focusing on shear reinforcementbenefit. In fact, stone columns which have high shear modulus relative to the surrounding soils potentially can carry higher shear stress levels. Thus, stone columns provide shear reinforcement and decrease the Cyclic Shear Stress Ratio CSR to which the treated soils would be subjected during an earthquake. In order to quantify the level of shear stress reduction in reinforced soil, several approaches have been developed. Nevertheless, the available approaches do not take into account the improvement of the soil parameters, mainly the shear modulusdue to stone columns installation. Indeed, in situ control tests carried out before and after the installation of stone columns based upon the results of collected data derived from 24 case histories have given evidence of the improvement of the existing soil properties.In this paper, the assessment of shear reinforcement of stone columns that accounts such improvement of the soil parameters due to stone column installation is investigated. Comparative results indicate that considering the improvement effects considerably affect the assessment of shear reinforcement for liquefaction analysis of reinforced soil by stone columns. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stone%20column" title="stone column">stone column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquefaction" title=" liquefaction"> liquefaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20reinforcement" title=" shear reinforcement"> shear reinforcement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CSR" title=" CSR"> CSR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20improvement" title=" soil improvement"> soil improvement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146200/shear-reinforcement-of-stone-columns-during-soil-liquefaction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146200.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3446</span> Evaluation of Stone Column Behavior Strengthened Circular Raft Footing under Static Load</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Ziaie%20Moayed">R. Ziaie Moayed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Mohammadi-Haji"> B. Mohammadi-Haji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Stone columns have been widely employing to improve the load-settlement characteristics of soft soils. The results of two small scale displacement control loading tests on stone columns were used in order to validate numerical finite element simulations. Additionally, a series of numerical calculations of static loading have been performed on strengthened raft footing to investigate the effects of using stone columns on bearing capacity of footings. The bearing capacity of single and group of stone columns under static loading compares with unimproved ground. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circular%20raft%20footing" title="circular raft footing">circular raft footing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20analysis" title=" numerical analysis"> numerical analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=validation" title=" validation"> validation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertically%20encased%20stone%20column" title=" vertically encased stone column"> vertically encased stone column</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48311/evaluation-of-stone-column-behavior-strengthened-circular-raft-footing-under-static-load" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48311.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3445</span> Effect of Saturation and Deformation Rate on Split Tensile Strength for Various Sedimentary Rocks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20K.%20Soni">D. K. Soni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A study of engineering properties of stones, i.e. compressive strength, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, density, hardness were carried out to explore the possibility of optimum utilization of stone. The laboratory test results on equally dimensioned discs of the stone show a considerable variation in computed split tensile strength with varied rates of deformation. Hence, the effect of strain rate on the tensile strength of a sand stone and lime stone under wet and dry conditions has been studied experimentally using the split tensile strength test technique. It has been observed that the tensile strength of these stone is very much dependent on the rate of deformation particularly in a dry state. On saturation the value of split tensile strength reduced considerably depending upon the structure of rock and amount of water absorption. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sedimentary%20rocks" title="sedimentary rocks">sedimentary rocks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=split%20tensile%20test" title=" split tensile test"> split tensile test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deformation%20rate" title=" deformation rate"> deformation rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saturation%20rate" title=" saturation rate"> saturation rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sand%20stone" title=" sand stone"> sand stone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lime%20stone" title=" lime stone"> lime stone</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7251/effect-of-saturation-and-deformation-rate-on-split-tensile-strength-for-various-sedimentary-rocks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7251.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">410</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3444</span> A Study of Standing-Wave Thermoacoustic Refrigerator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patcharin%20Saechan">Patcharin Saechan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isares%20Dhuchakallaya"> Isares Dhuchakallaya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thermoacoustic refrigerator is a cooling device which uses the acoustic waves to produce the cooling effect. The aim of this paper is to explore the experimental and numerical feasibility of a standing-wave thermoacoustic refrigerator. The effects of the stack length, position of stack and operating frequency on the cooling performance are carried out. The circular pore stacks are tested under the atmospheric pressure. A low-cost loudspeaker is used as an acoustic driver. The results show that the location of stack installed in resonator tube has a greater effect on the cooling performance than the stack length and operating frequency, respectively. The temperature difference across the ends of the stack can be generated up to 13.7°C, and the temperature of cold-end is dropped down by 5.3°C from the ambient temperature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooling%20performance" title="cooling performance">cooling performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=refrigerator" title=" refrigerator"> refrigerator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standing-wave" title=" standing-wave"> standing-wave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermoacoustics" title=" thermoacoustics"> thermoacoustics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39857/a-study-of-standing-wave-thermoacoustic-refrigerator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39857.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">196</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3443</span> Numerical Analysis of Geosynthetic-Encased Stone Columns under Laterally Loads</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Ziaie%20Moayed">R. Ziaie Moayed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Hossein%20Zade"> M. Hossein Zade</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Out of all methods for ground improvement, stone column became more popular these days due to its simple construction and economic consideration. Installation of stone column especially in loose fine graded soil causes increasing in load bearing capacity and settlement reduction. Encased granular stone columns (EGCs) are commonly subjected to vertical load. However, they may also be subjected to significant amount of shear loading. In this study, three-dimensional finite element (FE) analyses were conducted to estimate the shear load capacity of EGCs in sandy soil. Two types of different cases, stone column and geosynthetic encased stone column were studied at different normal pressures varying from 15 kPa to 75 kPa. Also, the effect of diameter in two cases was considered. A close agreement between the experimental and numerical curves of shear stress - horizontal displacement trend line is observed. The obtained result showed that, by increasing the normal pressure and diameter of stone column, higher shear strength is mobilized by soil; however, in the case of encased stone column, increasing the diameter had more dominated effect in mobilized shear strength. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=encased%20stone%20column" title="encased stone column">encased stone column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laterally%20load" title=" laterally load"> laterally load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ordinary%20stone%20column" title=" ordinary stone column"> ordinary stone column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=validation" title=" validation"> validation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55939/numerical-analysis-of-geosynthetic-encased-stone-columns-under-laterally-loads" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55939.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">369</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3442</span> Optimization of Temperature Difference Formula at Thermoacoustic Cryocooler Stack with Genetic Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Afsari">H. Afsari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Shokouhmand"> H. Shokouhmand</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> When stack is placed in a thermoacoustic resonator in a cryocooler, one extremity of the stack heats up while the other cools down due to the thermoacoustic effect. In the present, with expression a formula by linear theory, will see this temperature difference depends on what factors. The computed temperature difference is compared to the one predicted by the formula. These discrepancies can not be attributed to non-linear effects, rather they exist because of thermal effects. Two correction factors are introduced for close up results among linear theory and computed and use these correction factors to modified linear theory. In fact, this formula, is optimized by GA (Genetic Algorithm). Finally, results are shown at different Mach numbers and stack location in resonator. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title="heat transfer">heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermoacoustic%20cryocooler" title=" thermoacoustic cryocooler"> thermoacoustic cryocooler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stack" title=" stack"> stack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resonator" title=" resonator"> resonator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mach%20number" title=" mach number"> mach number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm" title=" genetic algorithm"> genetic algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39263/optimization-of-temperature-difference-formula-at-thermoacoustic-cryocooler-stack-with-genetic-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39263.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">378</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3441</span> Study on the Protection and Transformation of Stone House Building in Shitang Town, Wenling, Zhejiang</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhang%20Jiafeng">Zhang Jiafeng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Stone houses, represented by Shitang town, Wenling town, Taizhou city, are very precious cultural relics in Zhejiang province and even in the whole country. The coastal residences in eastern Zhejiang with distinctive regional characteristics are completely different from the traditional residential styles in the inland areas of Zhejiang. However, with the aggravation of the conflict between the use function of traditional stone houses and the modern lifestyle, and the lack of effective protection, stone houses are disappearing in large numbers. Therefore, it is very important to protect and inherit the stone house building, and make effective and feasible development strategies. This paper will analyze the formation background, location selection, plane layout, architectural form, spatial organization, material application, and construction technology of the stone houses through literature research and field investigation. In addition, a series of feasibility studies are carried out on the protection and renovation of stone houses. The ultimate purpose is to attract people's attention and provide some reference for the protection, inheritance, development, and utilization of traditional houses in coastal areas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regional" title="regional">regional</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stone%20house%20building" title=" stone house building"> stone house building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20houses" title=" traditional houses"> traditional houses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wenling%20Shitang" title=" Wenling Shitang"> Wenling Shitang</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116506/study-on-the-protection-and-transformation-of-stone-house-building-in-shitang-town-wenling-zhejiang" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116506.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3440</span> Thermal Radiation and Noise Safety Assessment of an Offshore Platform Flare Stack as Sudden Emergency Relief Takes Place</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lai%20Xuejiang">Lai Xuejiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huang%20Li"> Huang Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Yi"> Yang Yi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To study the potential hazards of the sudden emergency relief of flare stack, the thermal radiation and noise calculation of flare stack is carried out by using Flaresim program 2.0. Thermal radiation and noise analysis should be considered as the sudden emergency relief takes place. According to the Flaresim software simulation results, the thermal radiation and noise meet the requirement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flare%20stack" title="flare stack">flare stack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20radiation" title=" thermal radiation"> thermal radiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety%20assessment" title=" safety assessment"> safety assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noise" title=" noise"> noise</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51004/thermal-radiation-and-noise-safety-assessment-of-an-offshore-platform-flare-stack-as-sudden-emergency-relief-takes-place" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51004.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">355</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3439</span> Determinants of Stone Free Status After a Single Session of Flexible Ureteroscopy with Laser Lithotripsy for Renal Calculi</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Elkoushy">Mohamed Elkoushy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sameer%20Munshi"> Sameer Munshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waseem%20Tayeb"> Waseem Tayeb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Flexible ureteroscopy (fURS) has dramatically improved the minimally invasive management of complex nephrolithiasis. fUR is increasingly being used as the first-line treatment for patients with renal stones. Stone-free status (SFS) is the primary goal in the management of patients with urolithiasis. However, substantial variations exist in the reported SFS following fURS. Objectives: This study determines the predictors of SFS after a single session of fURS with holmium laser lithotripsy (HLL) for renal calculi. Methods: A retrospective review of prospectively collected data was performed for all consecutive patients undergoing fURS and HLL for renal calculi at a tertiary care center. Patients with previous ipsilateral URS for the same stones were excluded. All patients underwent JJ ureteral stent insertion at the end of the procedure. SFS was defined as the presence of no residuals or ≤4-mm non-obstructing stone and was assessed by CT/KUB imaging after 3-4 weeks post-operatively. Multivariate logistic regression was used to detect possible predictors of SFS. Results: A total of 212 patients were included with a mean age of 52.3±8.3 years and a stone burden <20 mm (49.1%), 20-30 mm (41.0%) and >30 mm (9.9%). Overall SFS after a single session of fURS was 71.7%, 92% and 52% for stones less and larger than 20 mm, respectively. Patients with stones> 20 mm need retreatment with a mean number of 1.8 (1.3-2.7) fURS. SFS was significantly associated with male gender, stone bulk <20 mm (95.7% vs. 56.2%), non-lower pole stones, hydronephrotic kidney, low stone intensity, ureteral access sheath, and preoperative stenting. SFS was associated with a lower readmission rate (5.9% vs. 38.9%) and urinary tract infections (3.8% vs. 25.9%). In multivariate regression analysis, SFS maintains its significant association with low stone burden of <20 mm (OR: 5.21), stone intensity <600 HFU (OR: 2.87), and non-lower caliceal stones (OR: 3.84). Conclusion: Best results after a single-session fURS for renal stone were obtained for the stone burden of less than 20 mm and low stone attenuation. Lower calyceal stones may influence stone clearance and need a different approach than fURS, especially for higher stone burden. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ureteroscopy" title="ureteroscopy">ureteroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kidney%20stone" title=" kidney stone"> kidney stone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lithotripsy" title=" lithotripsy"> lithotripsy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stone-free" title=" stone-free"> stone-free</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=predictors" title=" predictors"> predictors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192556/determinants-of-stone-free-status-after-a-single-session-of-flexible-ureteroscopy-with-laser-lithotripsy-for-renal-calculi" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192556.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">18</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3438</span> Circular Raft Footings Strengthened by Stone Columns under Dynamic Harmonic Loads</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Ziaie%20Moayed">R. Ziaie Moayed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Mahigir"> A. Mahigir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Stone column technique has been successfully employed to improve the load-settlement characteristics of foundations. A series of finite element numerical analyses of harmonic dynamic loading have been conducted on strengthened raft footing to study the effects of single and group stone columns on settlement of circular footings. The settlement of circular raft footing that improved by single and group of stone columns are studied under harmonic dynamic loading. This loading is caused by heavy machinery foundations. A detailed numerical investigation on behavior of single column and group of stone columns is carried out by varying parameters like weight of machinery, loading frequency and period. The result implies that presence of single and group of stone columns enhanced dynamic behavior of the footing so that the maximum and residual settlement of footing significantly decreased.  <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title="finite element analysis">finite element analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=harmonic%20loading" title=" harmonic loading"> harmonic loading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=settlement" title=" settlement"> settlement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stone%20column" title=" stone column"> stone column</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78842/circular-raft-footings-strengthened-by-stone-columns-under-dynamic-harmonic-loads" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78842.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">371</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3437</span> Comparative Study of Stone Column with and without Encasement Using Waste Aggregate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20K.%20Stalin">V. K. Stalin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Paneerselvam"> V. Paneerselvam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Bharath"> M. Bharath</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Kirithika"> M. Kirithika</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In developing countries like India due to the rapid urbanization, large amount of waste materials are produced every year. These waste materials can be utilized in the improvement of problematic soils. Stone column is one of the best methods to improve soft clay deposits. In this study, load tests were conducted to ensure the suitability of waste as column materials. The variable parameters studied are material, number of column and encasement. The materials used for the study are stone aggregate, copper slag, construction waste, for one, two and three number of columns with geotextile and geogrid encasement. It was found that the performance of waste as column material are comparable to that of conventional stone column with and without encasement. Hence, it is concluded that the copper slag and construction waste may be used as a column material in place of conventional stone aggregate to improve the soft clay advantage being utilization of waste. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stone%20column" title="stone column">stone column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geocomposite" title=" geocomposite"> geocomposite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20waste" title=" construction waste"> construction waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copper%20slag" title=" copper slag"> copper slag</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57622/comparative-study-of-stone-column-with-and-without-encasement-using-waste-aggregate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57622.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3436</span> A Study on ESD Protection Circuit Applying Silicon Controlled Rectifier-Based Stack Technology with High Holding Voltage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hee-Guk%20Chae">Hee-Guk Chae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bo-Bae%20Song"> Bo-Bae Song</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyoung-Il%20Do"> Kyoung-Il Do</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeong-Yun%20Seo"> Jeong-Yun Seo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yong-Seo%20Koo"> Yong-Seo Koo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, an improved Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) protection circuit with low trigger voltage and high holding voltage is proposed. ESD has become a serious problem in the semiconductor process because the semiconductor density has become very high these days. Therefore, much research has been done to prevent ESD. The proposed circuit is a stacked structure of the new unit structure combined by the Zener Triggering (SCR ZTSCR) and the High Holding Voltage SCR (HHVSCR). The simulation results show that the proposed circuit has low trigger voltage and high holding voltage. And the stack technology is applied to adjust the various operating voltage. As the results, the holding voltage is 7.7 V for 2-stack and 10.7 V for 3-stack. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ESD" title="ESD">ESD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SCR" title=" SCR"> SCR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=latch-up" title=" latch-up"> latch-up</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20clamp" title=" power clamp"> power clamp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=holding%20voltage" title=" holding voltage"> holding voltage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80537/a-study-on-esd-protection-circuit-applying-silicon-controlled-rectifier-based-stack-technology-with-high-holding-voltage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80537.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">548</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3435</span> Load Carrying Capacity of Soils Reinforced with Encased Stone Columns</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Chandrakaran">S. Chandrakaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Govind"> G. Govind</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Stone columns are effectively used to improve bearing strength of soils and also for many geotechnical applications. In soft soils when stone columns are loaded they undergo large settlements due to insufficient lateral confinement. Use of geosynthetics encasement has proved to be a solution for this problem. In this paper, results of a laboratory experimental study carried out with model stone columns with and without encasement. Sand was used for making test beds, and grain size of soil varies from 0.075mm to 4.75mm. Woven geotextiles produced by Gareware ropes India with mass per unit area of 240gm/M2 and having tensile strength of 52KN/m is used for the present investigation. Tests were performed with large scale direct shear box and also using scaled laboratory plate load tests. Stone column of 50mm and 75mm is used for the present investigation. Diameter of stone column, size of stones used for making stone columns is varied in making stone column in the present study. Two types of stone were used namely small and bigger in size. Results indicate that there is an increase in angle of internal friction and also an increase in the shear strength of soil when stone columns are encased. With stone columns with 50mm dia, an average increase of 7% in shear strength and 4.6 % in angle of internal friction was achieved. When large stones were used increase in the shear strength was 12.2%, and angle of internal friction was increased to 5.4%. When the stone column diameter has increased to 75mm increase in shear strength and angle of internal friction was increased with smaller size of stones to 7.9 and 7.5%, and with large size stones, it was 7.7 and 5.48% respectively. Similar results are obtained in plate load tests, also. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stone%20columns" title="stone columns">stone columns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=encasement" title=" encasement"> encasement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20strength" title=" shear strength"> shear strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plate%20load%20test" title=" plate load test"> plate load test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76343/load-carrying-capacity-of-soils-reinforced-with-encased-stone-columns" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76343.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">236</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3434</span> Analysis of Stacked SCR-Based ESD Protection Circuit with Low Trigger Voltage and Latch-Up Immunity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun-Geol%20Park">Jun-Geol Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyoung-Il%20Do"> Kyoung-Il Do</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Min-Ju%20Kwon"> Min-Ju Kwon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyung-Hyun%20Park"> Kyung-Hyun Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yong-Seo%20Koo"> Yong-Seo Koo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we proposed the SCR (Silicon Controlled Rectifier)-based ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) protection circuit for latch-up immunity. The proposed circuit has a lower trigger voltage and a higher holding voltage characteristic by using the zener diode structure. These characteristics prevent latch-up problem in normal operating conditions. The proposed circuit was analyzed to figure out the electrical characteristics by the variations of design parameters D1, D2 and stack technology to obtain the n-fold electrical characteristics. The simulations are accomplished by using the Synopsys TCAD simulator. When using the stack technology, 2-stack has the holding voltage of 6.9V and 3-stack has the holding voltage of 10.9V. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ESD" title="ESD">ESD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SCR" title=" SCR"> SCR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trigger%20voltage" title=" trigger voltage"> trigger voltage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=holding%20voltage" title=" holding voltage"> holding voltage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56482/analysis-of-stacked-scr-based-esd-protection-circuit-with-low-trigger-voltage-and-latch-up-immunity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56482.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">525</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3433</span> Predicting Stack Overflow Accepted Answers Using Features and Models with Varying Degrees of Complexity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osayande%20Pascal%20Omondiagbe">Osayande Pascal Omondiagbe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sherlock%20a%20Licorish"> Sherlock a Licorish</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Stack Overflow is a popular community question and answer portal which is used by practitioners to solve technology-related challenges during software development. Previous studies have shown that this forum is becoming a substitute for official software programming languages documentation. While tools have looked to aid developers by presenting interfaces to explore Stack Overflow, developers often face challenges searching through many possible answers to their questions, and this extends the development time. To this end, researchers have provided ways of predicting acceptable Stack Overflow answers by using various modeling techniques. However, less interest is dedicated to examining the performance and quality of typically used modeling methods, and especially in relation to models’ and features’ complexity. Such insights could be of practical significance to the many practitioners that use Stack Overflow. This study examines the performance and quality of various modeling methods that are used for predicting acceptable answers on Stack Overflow, drawn from 2014, 2015 and 2016. Our findings reveal significant differences in models’ performance and quality given the type of features and complexity of models used. Researchers examining classifiers’ performance and quality and features’ complexity may leverage these findings in selecting suitable techniques when developing prediction models. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feature%20selection" title="feature selection">feature selection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling%20and%20prediction" title=" modeling and prediction"> modeling and prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20network" title=" neural network"> neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=random%20forest" title=" random forest"> random forest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stack%20overflow" title=" stack overflow"> stack overflow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143309/predicting-stack-overflow-accepted-answers-using-features-and-models-with-varying-degrees-of-complexity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143309.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3432</span> Algebraic Characterization of Sheaves over Boolean Spaces</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U.%20M.%20Swamy">U. M. Swamy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A compact Hausdorff and totally disconnected topological space are known as Boolean space in view of the stone duality between Boolean algebras and such topological spaces. A sheaf over X is a triple (S, p, X) where S and X are topological spaces and p is a local homeomorphism of S onto X (that is, for each element s in S, there exist open sets U and G containing s and p(s) in S and X respectively such that the restriction of p to U is a homeomorphism of U onto G). Here we mainly concern on sheaves over Boolean spaces. From a given sheaf over a Boolean space, we obtain an algebraic structure in such a way that there is a one-to-one correspondence between these algebraic structures and sheaves over Boolean spaces. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boolean%20algebra" title="Boolean algebra">Boolean algebra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boolean%20space" title=" Boolean space"> Boolean space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sheaf" title=" sheaf"> sheaf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stone%20duality" title=" stone duality"> stone duality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124439/algebraic-characterization-of-sheaves-over-boolean-spaces" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124439.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">349</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3431</span> Comparative Analysis of a Self-Supporting Wall of Granite Slabs in a Multi-Leaves Enclosure System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miguel%20Angel%20Calvo%20Salve">Miguel Angel Calvo Salve</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Building enclosures and façades not only have an aesthetic component they must also ensure thermal comfort and improve the acoustics and air quality in buildings. The role of facades design, its assemblies, and construction are key in developing a greener future in architecture. This research and study focus on the design of a multi-leaves building envelope, with a self-supporting wall of granite slabs. The study will demonstrate the advantages of its use in compare with the hanging stone veneer in a vented cladding system. Using the Design of the School of Music and Theatre of the Atlantic Area in Spain as a case study where the multi-leaves enclosure system consists in a self-supported outer leaf of large granite slabs of 15cm. of thickness, a vent cavity with thermal isolation, a brick wall, and a series of internal layers. The methodology used were simulations and data collected in building. The advantages of the self-supporting wall of granite slabs in the outer leaf (15cm). compared with a hanging stone veneer in a vented cladding system can summarize the goals as follows: Using the stone in more natural way, by compression. The weight of the stone slabs goes directly to a strip-footing and don't overload the reinforced concrete structure of the building. The weight of the stone slabs provides an external aerial soundproofing, preventing the sound transmission to the structure. The thickness of the stone slabs is enough to provide the external waterproofing of the building envelope. The self-supporting system with minimum anchorages allows having a continuous and external thermal isolation without thermal bridges. The thickness of ashlars masonry provides a thermal inertia that balances the temperatures between day and night in the external thermal insulation layer. The absence of open joints gives the quality of a continuous envelope transmitting the sensations of the stone, the heaviness in the facade, the rhythm of the music and the sequence of the theatre. The main cost of stone due his bigger thickness is more than compensated with the reduction in assembly costs. Don´t need any substructure systems for hanging stone veneers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-supporting%20wall" title="self-supporting wall">self-supporting wall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stone%20cladding%20systems" title=" stone cladding systems"> stone cladding systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hanging%20veneer%20cladding%20systems" title=" hanging veneer cladding systems"> hanging veneer cladding systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability%20of%20facade%20systems" title=" sustainability of facade systems"> sustainability of facade systems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177649/comparative-analysis-of-a-self-supporting-wall-of-granite-slabs-in-a-multi-leaves-enclosure-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177649.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">64</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3430</span> Study on the Effect of Bolt Locking Method on the Deformation of Bipolar Plate in PEMFC</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tao%20Chen">Tao Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ShiHua%20Liu"> ShiHua Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=JiWei%20Zhang"> JiWei Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Assembly of the proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) has a very important influence on its performance and efficiency. The various components of PEMFC stack are usually locked and fixed by bolts. Locking bolt will cause the deformation of the bipolar plate and the other components, which will affect directly the deformation degree of the integral parts of the PEMFC as well as the performance of PEMFC. This paper focuses on the object of three-cell stack of PEMFC. Finite element simulation is used to investigate the deformation of bipolar plate caused by quantity and layout of bolts, bolt locking pressure, and bolt locking sequence, etc. Finally, we made a conclusion that the optimal combination packaging scheme was adopted to assemble the fuel cell stack. The scheme was in use of 3.8 MPa locking pressure imposed on the fuel cell stack, type Ⅱ of four locking bolts and longitudinal locking method. The scheme was obtained by comparatively analyzing the overall displacement contour of PEMFC stack, absolute displacement curve of bipolar plate along the given three paths in the Z direction and the polarization curve of fuel cell. The research results are helpful for the fuel cell stack assembly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bipolar%20plate" title="bipolar plate">bipolar plate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deformation" title=" deformation"> deformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20simulation" title=" finite element simulation"> finite element simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20cell" title=" fuel cell"> fuel cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=locking%20bolt" title=" locking bolt"> locking bolt</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89167/study-on-the-effect-of-bolt-locking-method-on-the-deformation-of-bipolar-plate-in-pemfc" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89167.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">413</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3429</span> Stiffness and Modulus of Subgrade Reaction of the Soft Soil Improved by Stone Columns</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudheer%20Kumar%20J.">Sudheer Kumar J.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudhanshu%20Sharma"> Sudhanshu Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Stone columns are extensively used as constructive and environmentally sustainable improvement methods for improving stiffness, modulus of subgrade reaction, and maximum lateral displacement in the multilayer soil system. The advantage of using stone columns in improving the single-layer soft soil as a ground reinforcement element for supporting various structures up to shallow depth is well researched, but the understanding of strengthening the multiplayer soil system for a deeper level requires further studies. In this paper, a series of cases have been conducted to study the behaviour of ordinary stone columns (OSC), geosynthetic encased stone columns (GESC) over various objectives for strengthening multilayer soil system up to deep level. A finite element analyses were carried out using the software package PLAXIS to study further correlate the results. The study aims to find the stiffness of composite soil, modulus of subgrade reaction, which is generally required for designing of various foundations, and also discusses the maximum horizontal displacement location, which is the major failure criteria seen after the installation of stone columns. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stone%20columns" title="stone columns">stone columns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geotextile" title=" geotextile"> geotextile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title=" finite element method"> finite element method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stiffness" title=" stiffness"> stiffness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modulus%20of%20subgrade%20reaction" title=" modulus of subgrade reaction"> modulus of subgrade reaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20lateral%20displacement%20point" title=" maximum lateral displacement point"> maximum lateral displacement point</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137244/stiffness-and-modulus-of-subgrade-reaction-of-the-soft-soil-improved-by-stone-columns" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137244.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3428</span> Stack Overflow Detection and Prevention on Operating Systems Using Machine Learning and Control-Flow Enforcement Technology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cao%20Jiayu">Cao Jiayu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lan%20Ximing"> Lan Ximing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huang%20Jingjia"> Huang Jingjia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Burra%20Venkata%20Durga%20Kumar"> Burra Venkata Durga Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The first virus to attack personal computers was born in early 1986, called C-Brain, written by a pair of Pakistani brothers. In those days, people still used dos systems, manipulating computers with the most basic command lines. In the 21st century today, computer performance has grown geometrically. But computer viruses are also evolving and escalating. We never stop fighting against security problems. Stack overflow is one of the most common security vulnerabilities in operating systems. It may result in serious security issues for an operating system if a program in it has a vulnerability with administrator privileges. Certain viruses change the value of specific memory through a stack overflow, allowing computers to run harmful programs. This study developed a mechanism to detect and respond to time whenever a stack overflow occurs. We demonstrate the effectiveness of standard machine learning algorithms and control flow enforcement techniques in predicting computer OS security using generating suspicious vulnerability functions (SVFS) and associated suspect areas (SAS). The method can minimize the possibility of stack overflow attacks occurring. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operating%20system" title="operating system">operating system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stack%20overflow" title=" stack overflow"> stack overflow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buffer%20overflow" title=" buffer overflow"> buffer overflow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control-flow%20enforcement%20technology" title=" control-flow enforcement technology"> control-flow enforcement technology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153142/stack-overflow-detection-and-prevention-on-operating-systems-using-machine-learning-and-control-flow-enforcement-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153142.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">115</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3427</span> Settlement of Group of Stone Columns</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adel%20Hanna">Adel Hanna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahar%20Ayadat"> Tahar Ayadat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Etezad"> Mohammad Etezad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cyrille%20Cros"> Cyrille Cros</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A number of theoretical methods have been developed over the years to calculate the amount settlement of the soil reinforced with group of stone columns. The results deduced from these methods sometimes show large disagreement with the experimental observations. The reason of this divergence might be due to the fact that many of the previous methods assumed the deform shape of the columns which is different with the actual case. A new method to calculate settlement of the ground reinforced with group of stone columns is presented in this paper which overcomes the restrictions made by previous theories. This method is based on results deduced from numerical modeling. Results obtained from the model are validated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stone%20columns" title="stone columns">stone columns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=group" title=" group"> group</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soft%20soil" title=" soft soil"> soft soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=settlement" title=" settlement"> settlement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prediction" title=" prediction"> prediction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15458/settlement-of-group-of-stone-columns" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15458.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">506</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3426</span> Reliability Based Performance Evaluation of Stone Column Improved Soft Ground</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20GuhaRay">A. GuhaRay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20V.%20S.%20P.%20Kiranmayi"> C. V. S. P. Kiranmayi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Rudraraju"> S. Rudraraju</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study considers the effect of variation of different geotechnical random variables in the design of stone column-foundation systems for assessing the bearing capacity and consolidation settlement of highly compressible soil. The soil and stone column properties, spacing, diameter and arrangement of stone columns are considered as the random variables. Probability of failure (<em>P<sub>f</sub></em>) is computed for a target degree of consolidation and a target safe load by Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS). The study shows that the variation in coefficient of radial consolidation (<em>c<sub>r</sub></em>) and cohesion of soil (<em>c<sub>s</sub></em>) are two most important factors influencing Pf. If the coefficient of variation (COV) of <em>c</em><sub>r</sub> exceeds 20%, <em>P<sub>f</sub></em> exceeds 0.001, which is unsafe following the guidelines of US Army Corps of Engineers. The bearing capacity also exceeds its safe value for COV of <em>c<sub>s</sub></em> > 30%. It is also observed that as the spacing between the stone column increases, the probability of reaching a target degree of consolidation decreases. Accordingly, design guidelines, considering both consolidation and bearing capacity of improved ground, are proposed for different spacing and diameter of stone columns and geotechnical random variables. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bearing%20capacity" title="bearing capacity">bearing capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consolidation" title=" consolidation"> consolidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geotechnical%20random%20variables" title=" geotechnical random variables"> geotechnical random variables</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probability%20of%20failure" title=" probability of failure"> probability of failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stone%20columns" title=" stone columns"> stone columns</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69435/reliability-based-performance-evaluation-of-stone-column-improved-soft-ground" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69435.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">359</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3425</span> 3D Numerical Analysis of Stone Columns Reinforced with Horizontal and Vertical Geosynthetic Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Ziaie%20Moayed">R. Ziaie Moayed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Khalili"> A. Khalili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Improvement and reinforcement of soils with poor strength and engineering properties for constructing low height structures or structures such as liquid storage tanks, bridge columns, and heavy structures have necessitated applying particular techniques. Stone columns are among the well-known methods applied in such soils. This method provides an economically justified way for improving engineering properties of soft clay and loose sandy soils. Stone column implementation in these soils increases their bearing capacity and reduces the settlement of foundation build on them. In the present study, the finite difference based FLAC3D software was used to investigate the performance and effect of soil reinforcement through stone columns without lining and those with geosynthetic lining with different levels of stiffness in horizontal and vertical modes in clayey soils. The results showed that soil improvement using stone columns with lining in vertical and horizontal modes results in improvement of bearing capacity and foundation settlement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bearing%20capacity" title="bearing capacity">bearing capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FLAC3D" title=" FLAC3D"> FLAC3D</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geosynthetic" title=" geosynthetic"> geosynthetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=settlement" title=" settlement"> settlement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stone%20column" title=" stone column"> stone column</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79453/3d-numerical-analysis-of-stone-columns-reinforced-with-horizontal-and-vertical-geosynthetic-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79453.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3424</span> The Behavior of Ordinary and Encased Stone Columns in Soft Clay Soil of Egypt: A Finite Element Study </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoud%20F.%20Awad-Allah">Mahmoud F. Awad-Allah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Rabeih"> Mohammed Rabeih</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eman%20Abdel%20Baseer"> Eman Abdel Baseer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soft to very soft soil deposits are widely speared in some areas of Egypt such as East Port Said, Damietta, Kafr El-Sheik, Alexandria, etc. The construction projects in these areas have faced the challenge of the presence of extended deep layers of soft and very soft clays which reach to depths of 40 to 60 m from the ground level. Stone columns are commonly used to support structures overlying soft ground soils and surcharged by embankment type loading. Therefore, this paper introduces a wide comparison numerical study between the ordinary stone columns (OSC) versus the geosynthetic encased stone columns (ESC) installed in soft clay soil deposit using finite element method (FEM). Parametric study of an embankment on soft soils reinforced with stone columns is performed using commercial computer program based on the finite element technique (PLAXIS 2D). The investigation will present the influence of the following parameters: diameter of stone columns, stiffness of geosynthetic encasement, embedded depth of stone column from ground level, and the length encasement of the stone column on the consolidation time, vertical settlement, and lateral displacement of soft clay soil formations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title="finite element method">finite element method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geosynthetic" title=" geosynthetic"> geosynthetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20displacement" title=" lateral displacement"> lateral displacement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=settlement" title=" settlement"> settlement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soft%20clay" title=" soft clay"> soft clay</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94555/the-behavior-of-ordinary-and-encased-stone-columns-in-soft-clay-soil-of-egypt-a-finite-element-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94555.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">211</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20stack%20key%20stone&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20stack%20key%20stone&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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