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> <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Brandya,_zergatik_eta_nola" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brandya,_zergatik_eta_nola"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Brandya, zergatik eta nola</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brandya,_zergatik_eta_nola-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brandy-mota_ezagunak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brandy-mota_ezagunak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Brandy-mota ezagunak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brandy-mota_ezagunak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etiketakoaren_esanahia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etiketakoaren_esanahia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Etiketakoaren esanahia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Etiketakoaren_esanahia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Etiketakoaren esanahia azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Etiketakoaren_esanahia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sistema_tradizionala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sistema_tradizionala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Sistema tradizionala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sistema_tradizionala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brandy_de_Jerez" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brandy_de_Jerez"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Brandy de Jerez</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brandy_de_Jerez-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Errusiako_brandya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Errusiako_brandya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Errusiako brandya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Errusiako_brandya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aintzat_hartzekoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aintzat_hartzekoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Aintzat hartzekoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aintzat_hartzekoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teknologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teknologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Teknologia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teknologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ontze_edo_zahartzea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ontze_edo_zahartzea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ontze edo zahartzea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ontze_edo_zahartzea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kontsumoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kontsumoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Kontsumoa</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kontsumoa-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Kontsumoa azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kontsumoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Zerbitzua" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zerbitzua"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Zerbitzua</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zerbitzua-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sukaldaritzan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sukaldaritzan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Sukaldaritzan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sukaldaritzan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Osasun-erabilera_historikoak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Osasun-erabilera_historikoak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Osasun-erabilera historikoak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Osasun-erabilera_historikoak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Eduki-taula" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Brandy</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 76 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-76" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">76 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandewyn" title="Brandewyn – afrikaansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Brandewyn" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weinbrand" title="Weinbrand – Suitzako alemana" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Weinbrand" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Suitzako alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="براندي – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="براندي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%89" title="براندى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="براندى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandi" title="Brandi – asturiera" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Brandi" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Бренди – baxkirera" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Бренди" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baxkirera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weinbrand" title="Weinbrand – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Weinbrand" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96" title="Брэндзі – bielorrusiera" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Брэндзі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96" title="Брэндзі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Брэндзі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Бренди – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бренди" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandi" title="Brandi – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Brandi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandy" title="Brandy – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Brandy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandi" title="Brandi – galesa" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Brandi" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandy" title="Brandy – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Brandy" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weinbrand" title="Weinbrand – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Weinbrand" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandy" title="Brandy – behe-sorabiera" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Brandy" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="behe-sorabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%85" title="Μπράντυ – greziera" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπράντυ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandy" title="Brandy – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Brandy" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandy" title="Brandy – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Brandy" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%A4ndi" title="Brändi – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Brändi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="برندی – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="برندی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandy" title="Brandy – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Brandy" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandy_(alcool)" title="Brandy (alcool) – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Brandy (alcool)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branda" title="Branda – irlandera" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Branda" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branndaidh" title="Branndaidh – Eskoziako gaelikoa" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Branndaidh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Eskoziako gaelikoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandy" title="Brandy – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Brandy" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A1%E0%AB%80" title="બ્રાન્ડી – gujaratera" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="બ્રાન્ડી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujaratera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%99" title="ברנדי – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ברנדי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80" title="ब्रांडी – hindia" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ब्रांडी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinjak" title="Vinjak – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vinjak" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borp%C3%A1rlat" title="Borpárlat – hungariera" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Borpárlat" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB" title="Բրենդի – armeniera" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բրենդի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandy" title="Brandy – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Brandy" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brendi" title="Brendi – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Brendi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandio" title="Brandio – idoa" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Brandio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brand%C3%AD" title="Brandí – islandiera" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Brandí" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandy" title="Brandy – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Brandy" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%83%BC" title="ブランデー – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ブランデー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%A9ndi" title="Bréndi – javera" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Bréndi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ბრენდი – georgiera" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბრენდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B8%8C%EB%9E%9C%EB%94%94" title="브랜디 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="브랜디" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiritus_vini" title="Spiritus vini – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Spiritus vini" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%A4ibrand" title="Wäibrand – luxenburgera" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Wäibrand" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxenburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brendis" title="Brendis – lituaniera" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Brendis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brendijs" title="Brendijs – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Brendijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Бренди – mazedoniera" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бренди" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="mazedoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandi" title="Brandi – malaysiera" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Brandi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaysiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brendi" title="Brendi – maltera" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Brendi" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%9B%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE" title="ဘရန်ဒီ – birmaniera" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဘရန်ဒီ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weinbrand" title="Weinbrand – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Weinbrand" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandy" title="Brandy – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Brandy" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandy" title="Brandy – okzitaniera" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Brandy" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okzitaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80" title="ਬਰਾਂਡੀ – punjabera" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਰਾਂਡੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandy" title="Brandy – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Brandy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%88%DB%8C" title="برانڈی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="برانڈی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conhaque" title="Conhaque – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Conhaque" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinars" title="Vinars – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Vinars" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Бренди – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бренди" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%8A%D9%8A" title="برانڊي – sindhia" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="برانڊي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandy" title="Brandy – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Brandy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Бренди – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бренди" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandy_(spritdryck)" title="Brandy (spritdryck) – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Brandy (spritdryck)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandi" title="Brandi – swahilia" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Brandi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF" title="பிராந்தி – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிராந்தி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5" title="บรั่นดี – thailandiera" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บรั่นดี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brendi" title="Brendi – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Brendi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96" title="Бренді – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бренді" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88%DB%8C" title="برینڈی – urdua" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="برینڈی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brendi" title="Brendi – uzbekera" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Brendi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandy" title="Brandy – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Brandy" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%85%B0%E5%9C%B0" title="白兰地 – wu txinera" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="白兰地" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ბრენდი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბრენდი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%99" title="ברענדי – yiddisha" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ברענדי" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddisha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%85%B0%E5%9C%B0" title="白兰地 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="白兰地" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandy" title="Brandy – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Brandy" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E8%98%AD%E5%9C%B0" title="白蘭地 – kantonera" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="白蘭地" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q146470#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Aldatu hizkuntzen arteko loturak" class="wbc-editpage">Aldatu loturak</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Izen-tarteak"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Brandy" title="Eduki orrialdea ikusi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikulua</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon 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colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;border-top: 2px solid #DBA901; border-bottom: 2px solid #DBA901; background-color:#DBA901;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ardo_destilatu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ardo destilatu (sortu gabe)">ardo destilatu</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Martell_in_brandy_snifter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Martell_in_brandy_snifter.jpg/330px-Martell_in_brandy_snifter.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="323" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Martell_in_brandy_snifter.jpg/500px-Martell_in_brandy_snifter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Martell_in_brandy_snifter.jpg/960px-Martell_in_brandy_snifter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="993" data-file-height="1232" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: #DBA901">Historia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Honen izena du</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cognac" title="Cognac">Cognac</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Brandya</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ardo, muztio edo pattarra <a href="/wiki/Destilazio" title="Destilazio">destilatuz</a> erdiesten den <a href="/wiki/Edari_alkoholiko" class="mw-redirect" title="Edari alkoholiko">edari alkoholikoa</a> da eta, gurean koñaka esaten bazaio ere, <b>brandy</b> du izen estandarizatua, <a href="/wiki/Nederlandera" title="Nederlandera">nederlanderazko</a> <i>brandewijn</i> (ardo errea) hitzaren <a href="/wiki/Apokope" title="Apokope">apokopetik</a> ekarria. Litro bat brandy egiteko 3 - 5 litro ardo behar dira. Edari bizi honen ohiko alkohol edukia % 36 – 40 ingurukoa bada ere, % 60raino ere iristen da, merkaturatzean. Brandy izenari besterik ezartzen ez zaionean oinarria mahatsez eginiko ardoa duela ulertu behar da (<a href="/wiki/Abrikot" title="Abrikot">abrikot</a>-brandy eta <a href="/wiki/Zereal" title="Zereal">zereal</a>-brandy ere badira). Edari hau <a href="/wiki/Alanbike" title="Alanbike">alanbiketik</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolorge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kolorge (sortu gabe)">kolorge</a> ateratzen da baina <a href="/wiki/Haritz" title="Haritz">haritz</a> edo <a href="/wiki/Arte_(zuhaitza)" title="Arte (zuhaitza)">artezko</a> barrikan egonik, oxidatu eta karamelu kolorea hartuko du, gerora. Brandyaren jatorria iluna da eta, hein handi batean, <a href="/wiki/Destilazio" title="Destilazio">destilazioaren</a> garapenari dago lotua. <a href="/wiki/Babiloniar_Inperioa" title="Babiloniar Inperioa">Babilonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atenas" title="Atenas">Atenas</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Erromatar_Inperioa" title="Erromatar Inperioa">Erroma</a> klasikoetan edari alkoholdun kontzentratuak egiten ziren baina brandya, halakotzat, <a href="/wiki/XII._mendea" title="XII. mendea">XII. mende</a> inguruan agertu eta <a href="/wiki/XIV._mendea" title="XIV. mendea">XIV.ean</a> herritartu zen. Hastapenean, ardoa destilatzen zen, kontserbatzeko, merkatariek garraioa erraz eta arinago egin ahal izateko, zama eta bolumena kenduta. Gero, brandya ura gehituta edaten zen. Haritzezko barrikak edariari emaniko ondorio mesedegarriak gerora ikusi ziren. Munduan hainbat aldaera badaude ere, gertuko ezagunenak <a href="/wiki/Ko%C3%B1ak" title="Koñak">koñaka</a> edo <a href="/wiki/Armagnac" title="Armagnac">armagnaca</a> dira. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Brandya,_zergatik_eta_nola"><span id="Brandya.2C_zergatik_eta_nola"></span>Brandya, zergatik eta nola</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandy&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Brandya, zergatik eta nola»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Brandya, zergatik eta nola"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ardoa egiten den eskualde guztietan, oro har, brandya ere egiten da: </p> <ul><li>horrela, espazio gutxiago beteko duelako eta garraiatzen errazagoa izango delako; gero, “galdutako ura” erantsi eta, kito;</li> <li>destilatuz gero hobeki kontserbatuko delako, mindu gabe;</li> <li>merkataritzan, <a href="/wiki/Balio_erantsi" title="Balio erantsi">balio erantsia</a> duen zerbait eskaini ahal izango delako;</li> <li>sobratutako ardoa ez aprobetxatzea galera litzatekeelako, <a href="/wiki/Kontsumismo" title="Kontsumismo">kontsumismoaz</a> bestelako ekonomietan;</li> <li>sendagai gisa erabiliko delako, ustez;</li> <li>“aparteko” gutizia delako, gizarte behartsuetan…</li></ul> <p>Egun, brandyaren ekoizpena arautzen duen legeriak edariari fruta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Beratuak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beratuak (sortu gabe)">beratuak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arbendol" title="Arbendol">amandak</a>, haritz-<a href="/wiki/Zuntz" class="mw-disambig" title="Zuntz">zuntza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banilla" title="Banilla">banilla</a> eta karamelua, behintzat, gehitzea onartua du, brandyaren kolorea iluntzeko. Horrek, hasteko, brandy batzuk bestetatik bereiztea errazten du: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sagar_brandy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sagar brandy (sortu gabe)">sagar brandya</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Melokotoi_brandya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melokotoi brandya (sortu gabe)">melokotoi brandya</a>, adibidez. Nolanahi ere, brandyaren jatorrizko izaerari eustea nahiago izan dute ekoizle batzuek, mahats ardo destilatuarekin bakar-bakarrik egiten dutenek. </p><p>Prozesua hasiko da <a href="/wiki/Hartzidura" title="Hartzidura">hartzidura</a> egin berri duen ardoa egosi ondoren, horren alkohol-lurrunak kondentsatzean, lehen destilatze prozesuari esker nahasketako ura bereizi delako; bestetik, ardoaren funtsezko printzipio gehientsuak bertan dautzalako eta horrek, aurrerago, ontze-etaparen oinarriak ezarriko ditu. </p><p>Brandya prestatzeko elementuen artean, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkohol_metiliko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alkohol metiliko (sortu gabe)">alkohol metilikoa</a> eta burdina proportzio txiki-txikian ditugu: lehenengoa, <a href="/wiki/Likore" title="Likore">likorearen</a> berezko aromaren euskarria da; bigarrena, berriz, <a href="/wiki/Tanino" title="Tanino">taninoarekin</a> erraz konbinatzen da eta <a href="/wiki/Pattar" title="Pattar">pattarra</a> tonu gris berdexkaz janzten du. </p><p>Lehen destilatzetik lortutako likoreak gehienez 75° alkohol eduki behar du, brandya egiteko prozesuan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oinarrizko_pattar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oinarrizko pattar (sortu gabe)">oinarrizko pattarra</a> izango bada. Horren ondoren heltze-etapa dator; orain, bi metodoetako bat aukeratu behar da: frantsesa edo “solera” jereztarra. </p><p>Metodo frantsesean, likorea ontziratuta, haritz zurezko edukiontzietan destilatuko da, upelen tamaina kontuan hartu gabe, denbora-tarte jakin batez. Ondoren, alkohol-maila 44 graduraino murriztuko da, horretarako behar den ur kantitatea gehituz; <a href="/wiki/Ziropa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ziropa">ziropa</a> dosi txikiak ere erantsiko zaizkio. Ondoren, upeltegira itzuliko da, pausatzea osatzeko eta, azkenik, botilaratu, etiketatu eta merkaturatu egingo da. </p><p>Solera metodo jereztarrak frantsesarekin bat egiten du pattarraren alkohol-maila 44 gradutara urarekin jaistean eta haritz-zurezko barriketan biltegiratzean. Etapa honetan, ordea, eskala graduatuetan antolatuko da, likore zaharrenak lehen mailetan eta berrienak azkenekoetan pausa daitezen. Horrela, saltzeko garaia iritsitakoan, likore zaharrenak eskuratzen dira lehenik eta, orduan, berrienek likore zahar horien lekua hartuko dute, katea errepikatuz. </p><p><br /> Hitz gutxitan, brandya etapa hauetan egiten da: </p> <ol><li>Mahatsak bilduta, haziak erauziko zaizkio.</li> <li>Ardoa tarte labur batez pausaturik, kobrezko alanbikeetan destilatuko da.</li> <li>Lortutako likorea haritzezko barriketan onduko da, brandy bihurtzeko.</li> <li>Pattarra botilaratze-etapara igaroko da, adituen iritziz, nahikoa zahartua denean.</li> <li>Mahatsak ez dira baztertuko; sakatu egingo dira oraindik, ahalik eta zuku gehien ateratzeko.</li> <li>Mahats-zukua altzairuzko andeletan gordeko da eta, hori hartzitu ondoren, “ardo” izenekoa erdietsiko da.</li></ol> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 166px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 164px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Map_of_Cognac_Regions3.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Koñaka ekoizten den eskualdearen mapa"><img alt="Koñaka ekoizten den eskualdearen mapa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Map_of_Cognac_Regions3.svg/246px-Map_of_Cognac_Regions3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="164" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Map_of_Cognac_Regions3.svg/370px-Map_of_Cognac_Regions3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Map_of_Cognac_Regions3.svg/493px-Map_of_Cognac_Regions3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="704" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Koñaka ekoizten den eskualdearen mapa</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 62px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 60px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Koniak_Martell.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Martell koñaka"><img alt="Martell koñaka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Koniak_Martell.JPG/76px-Koniak_Martell.JPG" decoding="async" width="51" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Koniak_Martell.JPG/114px-Koniak_Martell.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Koniak_Martell.JPG/152px-Koniak_Martell.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1180" data-file-height="3263" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Martell koñaka</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 188.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 186.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Cognac_pot_still_DSC04032.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Koñakaren destilazioa"><img alt="Koñakaren destilazioa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Cognac_pot_still_DSC04032.JPG/330px-Cognac_pot_still_DSC04032.JPG" decoding="async" width="187" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Cognac_pot_still_DSC04032.JPG/500px-Cognac_pot_still_DSC04032.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Cognac_pot_still_DSC04032.JPG/560px-Cognac_pot_still_DSC04032.JPG 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="486" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Koñakaren destilazioa</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 106.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 104.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:LouisXIIIdeR%C3%A9myMartin.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rémy Martin koñaka"><img alt="Rémy Martin koñaka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/LouisXIIIdeR%C3%A9myMartin.jpg/157px-LouisXIIIdeR%C3%A9myMartin.jpg" decoding="async" width="105" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/LouisXIIIdeR%C3%A9myMartin.jpg/236px-LouisXIIIdeR%C3%A9myMartin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/LouisXIIIdeR%C3%A9myMartin.jpg/315px-LouisXIIIdeR%C3%A9myMartin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rémy Martin koñaka</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Brandy-mota_ezagunak">Brandy-mota ezagunak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandy&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Brandy-mota ezagunak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Brandy-mota ezagunak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><b>mahatsezkoa</b></i>: mahats-zuku hartzituaren destilazioz egiten da eta bi azpi-mota daude: <i><b>koñaka</b></i> (bitan destilatua) eta <i><b>armagnaca</b></i> (eskualde horretako mahatsez osatu, destilazio jarraituan bihurritu eta bertako haritzezko barriketan pausatua);</li> <li><i><b>patsezkoa</b></i>: zukua ateratakoan, geratu diren mahats-mami, hazi eta kondarrez (pats edo lapak) egiten da;</li> <li><i><b>frutazkoa:</b></i> mahatsaz bestelako frutekin eginikoa; zeregin horretan, sagar, <a href="/wiki/Aran" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Aran">aran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abrikot" title="Abrikot">abrikot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuaxa" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuaxa">tuaxa</a>, gerezi, <a href="/wiki/Mugurdi" title="Mugurdi">mugurdi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masusta_(sasiaren_fruitua)" title="Masusta (sasiaren fruitua)">masusta</a>… dira fruta erabilienak. Honelakok ez dute mahatsezkoaren urre kolorea, margul edo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurbil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zurbil (sortu gabe)">zurbila</a> da eta, eskuarki, biziki hozturik kontsumitzen da. <i><b><a href="/wiki/Calvados_(edaria)" title="Calvados (edaria)">Calvados</a></b></i> edaria Normandiako sagarrez (sagardoa lehenik eta pattarra geroago) eginiko brandya da eta <i><b><a href="/wiki/Kirsch" title="Kirsch">kirsch</a></b></i>, gereziez eginiko pattarra da.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etiketakoaren_esanahia">Etiketakoaren esanahia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandy&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Etiketakoaren esanahia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Etiketakoaren esanahia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sistema_tradizionala">Sistema tradizionala</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandy&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Sistema tradizionala»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Sistema tradizionala"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Brandyak adinaren araberako sistema tradizionalaren arabera sailkatzen dira, hori Cognac eta Armagnac-etik kanpo oraingoz arautu gabe badago ere. Adierazle hauetako bat eskuarki marka-izenaren ondoko etiketan agertzen da: </p> <ul><li><b>V.S.</b> (<i>very special</i>,"oso berezia") edo ✯✯✯ (hiru izar), nahasketako <a href="/wiki/Pattar" title="Pattar">pattar</a> gazteenak upelean gutxienez bi urte eman dituela adierazten du.</li> <li><b>V.S.O.P.</b> (<i>very superior old pale</i>, "oso goi mailako zurbil zaharra"), <b>Erreserba</b> edo ✯✯✯✯✯ (bost izar) deiturak, nahasketako pattar gazteenak upelean gutxienez lau urte eman dituela adierazten du.</li> <li><b>XO</b> (<i>extra old</i>, "estra zaharra") edo <b>Napoleon</b> deiturak nahasketako pattar gazteenak upelean gutxienez sei urte eman dituela adierazten du.</li> <li><b>Hors d'âge</b> (<i>beyond age</i> "adinetik haratago") deiturak, formalki Cognac-entzat <b>XO</b>-ren berdina den izendapena da, baina Armagnac-entzat gutxienez 10 urte dituen pattarra adierazten du. Praktikan, termino hauek erabiltzen dituzten ekoizleek kalitate handiko produktu bat merkaturatzeko adin-eskala ofizialetik haratago eta, gehienetan, goragokoa da.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brandy_de_Jerez">Brandy de Jerez</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandy&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Brandy de Jerez»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Brandy de Jerez"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Bodega-TioPepe-Jerez-Dsc02980.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Bodega-TioPepe-Jerez-Dsc02980.jpg/250px-Bodega-TioPepe-Jerez-Dsc02980.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Bodega-TioPepe-Jerez-Dsc02980.jpg/330px-Bodega-TioPepe-Jerez-Dsc02980.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Bodega-TioPepe-Jerez-Dsc02980.jpg/500px-Bodega-TioPepe-Jerez-Dsc02980.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jerez_de_la_Frontera" title="Jerez de la Frontera">Jerez-eko</a> brandya upeletan zahartzen.</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Consejo Regulador de la Denominacion Brandy de <a href="/wiki/Jerez_de_la_Frontera" title="Jerez de la Frontera">Jerez</a></i><a href="/wiki/Jerez_de_la_Frontera" title="Jerez de la Frontera">-ek</a> brandyen adina honela sailkatzen du: </p> <ul><li><b>Brandy de Jerez Solera</b>: 6 hilabetekoa.</li> <li><b>Brandy de Jerez Solera Reserva</b>: urtebetekoa.</li> <li><b>Brandy de Jerez Solera Gran Reserva</b>: hiru urtekoa.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Errusiako_brandya">Errusiako brandya</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandy&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Errusiako brandya»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandy&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Errusiako brandya"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD.jpg/220px-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD.jpg/330px-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD.jpg/440px-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3789" data-file-height="4816" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Errusia" title="Errusia">Errusiako</a> brandy bat.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Errusiako brandyak</b> (tradizioz, <a href="/wiki/Errusia" title="Errusia">Errusia</a> barnean eta <a href="/wiki/Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialisten_Batasuna" title="Sobietar Errepublika Sozialisten Batasuna">sobietar</a> izaniko herrialde askotan "cognac" izenez ezaguna), frantsesaren antzeko errusiar sistema tradizionalaren arabera sailkatzen dira, aukerak ugariagoak direla: </p> <ul><li><b>Hiru izar</b> (edo ✯✯✯) deiturak nahasketako pattar gazteenak upelean gutxienez bi urte dituela adierazten du, eta Frantziako <b>V.S.-</b>aren parekoa da.</li> <li><b>Lau izar (</b>edo ✯✯✯✯) deiturak nahasketako pattar gazteenak upelean gutxienez hiru urte dituela adierazten du.</li> <li><b>Bost izar</b> deiturak nahasketako pattar gazteenak gutxienez lau urte dituela adierazten du, Frantziako V.S.O.P.-en antzera.</li> <li><b>КВ/KV</b> (Cognac ondua) "XO" edo "Napoléon"-i dagokien izendapenak nahasketako pattar gazteenak gutxienez sei urte dituela adierazten du.</li> <li><b>КС/KS</b> (Cognac Zaharra): nahasketako osagai gazteenak gutxienez hamar urte dituela adierazten du (Armagnacen "Hors d'âge"-ren antzekoa).</li> <li><b>ОС/OS</b> (Oso Zaharra): Frantziako sistemaz kanpokoetan, 20 urte baino gehiago dituxzten nahasketak izendatzen ditu.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aintzat_hartzekoa">Aintzat hartzekoa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandy&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Aintzat hartzekoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandy&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Aintzat hartzekoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Upategi bakoitzak bere V.S.O.P. ekoizten du, urtez urte berdina izateko joeraz. Autore batzuen iritziz, X.O. —“Extra Old” itzultzen dena— horrek ez du adierazten nahasketa jakin bat, behin eta berriro errepikatzen dena, berrogei urteko zahardadea baizik. Nolanahi ere, autore gehienen aburuz, lauzpabost urtetik aurrera brandyen adina kalkulatzerik ez dago; nahasketak kontrolatzea are eta zailagoa da. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandy&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Historia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandy&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Historia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Brandyaren sorburua ez dago batere argi, baina argi dago destilazioaren bilakaerarekin lotuak dagoela. Alkoholdun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edari_kontzentratu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edari kontzentratu (sortu gabe)">edari kontzentratuak</a> <a href="/wiki/Grezia_klasikoa" title="Grezia klasikoa">Grezia</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Erromatar_Inperioa" title="Erromatar Inperioa">Erroma</a> klasikoetan ezagunak ziren, baina pattarraren historia zaharragoa izan liteke, antzinako Babilonian arakatuz gero. Brandya, gaur egun ezagun dugun bezala, XII. mendean agertu eta XIV.ean herritartu zen. </p><p>Mediterraneoko herrialde zenbaitetan, X. mendean, <i>acqua di vite</i> ("bizitzako ura") izeneko pattarra egiten zen. Geroago, ipar aldeko eskualde batzuetara esportatzen hastean, izena egokitu zitzaion (<i>eau de vie</i>) merkaturatzeko baina, hainbat eragozpenen ondorez, beste deitura bat eman behar izan zitzaion. </p><p>Prozesua garai klasikoan ezaguna bazen ere, ia ez zen erabili edariak ekoizteko XV. mendera arte. XVI. mendearen hasieran, Frantziako brandyak <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atlantikoko_triangelu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atlantikoko triangelu (sortu gabe)">Atlantikoko triangeluaren</a> merkataritza indartzen lagundu zuen <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugalgo</a> “ardo gotortuaren” protagonismo nagusia kendu zionean, alkohol-eduki handiagoa zuelako eta bidaltzeko errazagoa zelako. Afrika aldeko <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanoazale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanoazale (sortu gabe)">kanoazaleek</a> eta zaindariek, eskuarki, pattarretan kobratzen zuten. Nolanahi ere, XVII. mende amaieran, <a href="/wiki/Ron" title="Ron">ron</a> edo erromak brandya ordezkatua zuen triangeluko merkataritzan <a href="/wiki/Truke_(kontratua)" title="Truke (kontratua)">trukeko</a> edari gisa. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Copper_Pot_Stills.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Copper_Pot_Stills.jpg/250px-Copper_Pot_Stills.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Copper_Pot_Stills.jpg/330px-Copper_Pot_Stills.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Copper_Pot_Stills.jpg/500px-Copper_Pot_Stills.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4269" data-file-height="2542" /></a><figcaption>Brandya destilatzen.</figcaption></figure> <p>Hasieran, ardoa segurtasunagatik destilatzen zen, <a href="/wiki/Kontserbagarri" title="Kontserbagarri">kontserbagarri</a> bihurtzeko metodo gisa, eta <a href="/wiki/Merkatari" class="mw-redirect" title="Merkatari">merkatariei</a> <a href="/wiki/Garraio" title="Garraio">garraioa</a> errazteko, ura galduta askoz bolumen eta zama txikiagoak izango zituelako. Era berean, jatorriz ardoa destilatu omen zen <a href="/wiki/Zerga" title="Zerga">zergak</a> jaisteko, bolumenaren arabera baloratzen baitzen merkantzia. Destilazioan kendutako ura, kontsumitu baino pixka bat lehenago patarrari berriro gehitzen zitzaion. Eta hor aurkikuntza gertatu zen: egurrezko kupeletan tarte batez eduki ondoren, oraingo edaria jatorrizko destilatuaren haren aldean askoz hobea zela egiaztatu zuten. </p><p>Edariko ura kentzeaz gainera, destilazio-prozesuak osagai aromatiko ugari sortzea eta deskonposatzea eragin zuen, jatorriko destilatuaren osaketa funtsez aldarazita. <a href="/wiki/Pigmentu" title="Pigmentu">Pigmentuak</a>, azukreak, gatzak eta antzeko substantzia ez-<a href="/wiki/Hegazkortasun_(argipena)" class="mw-disambig" title="Hegazkortasun (argipena)">lurrunkorrak</a> alanbikean geratzen ziren, gainera. Ondorioz, destilatuaren zaporea jatorrikoaren ez bezalakoa zen gehienetan, konplexu eta dotoreagoa. </p><p>1728ko <i><a href="/wiki/Cyclopaedia" title="Cyclopaedia">Cyclopedia</a></i> aldizkarian azaldu zen bezala, pattarra destilatzeko metodo hau erabiltzen zuten: </p><p><br /> <i>“<a href="/wiki/Kuia" title="Kuia">Kuia</a> bat erdiraino bete zen brandyaren oinarri izango zen likoreaz eta gero su txiki batean berotzen zen, seirena inguru destilatu arte, edo ontzira erortzen zena erabat suharbera bilakatu arte. Behin bakarrik destilatutako likore horri ardo-espiritu edo brandy esaten zitzaion. Beste destilazio baten (edo beste batzuen) bidez araztutakoari, ardo-espiritu zuzendua zeritzon. Bigarren destilazioa balneo mariae-n (“<a href="/wiki/Maria_bainu" title="Maria bainu">maria bainu</a>tan”) egiten zen, beirazko kui batean, eta <a href="/wiki/Likore" title="Likore">likorearen</a> erdira ingurura arte destilatzen zen. Likido hura areago zuzenduko zen, operadoreak brandy ekoizteko beharrezkoa zela uste zuen bitartean».</i> </p><p><br /> Destilazio ugari, luze eta zail haiek laburtzeko, prozesu osoa destilazio bakarrera zekarren tresna kimiko bat asmatu zen, hara: parte bati su eman zitzaion, “zuzendutako” ardo-espiritu zuzenaren garbitasuna probatzeko. Likore ona zen baldin eta suak dena kontsumitzen bazuen, ezpurutasunik utzi gabe. </p><p>Beste proba bat, aurrekoa baino hobea, espirituaren hondoan bolbora pixka bat jartzea zen. espiritua suak kontsumitutakoan, bolbora pizten bazen likore ona zen hura. </p><p>Brandy gehienak mahatsezkoetatik destilatu direnez, horrelako edari bikainak ekoizten dituzten munduko eskualdeek gutxi gorabehera ardotarako mahatsa ekoizten duten eremuekin bat datoz. </p><p>XIX. mendearen amaieran, Europako mendebaldeko merkatuetan —eta, hedaduraz, beren <a href="/wiki/Itsasoz_haraindiko_Frantzia" title="Itsasoz haraindiko Frantzia">itsasoz haraindiko</a> inperioetan— frantziar eta espainiar brandyak ia bakarrik zebiltzan; Europa ekialdean, aldiz, Itsaso Beltzeko (Bulgaria, Krimea eta Georgia barne) pattarrak ziren nagusi. </p><p>1884an, David Sarajishvilik brandy fabrika bat sortu zuen Tbilisin (<a href="/wiki/Georgia" title="Georgia">Georgia</a>), <a href="/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia">Turkiako</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erdialdeko_Asia" title="Erdialdeko Asia">Erdialdeko Asia</a>ko, <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-disambig" title="Persia">Persiako</a> eta, garai hartan, <a href="/wiki/Errusiako_Inperioa" title="Errusiako Inperioa">Errusiar Inperio</a> izan zenaren zati bateko merkataritza bideen arteko gurutzean. Horri esker, brandya “munduan barna” hedatu ahal izan zen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teknologia">Teknologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandy&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Teknologia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandy&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Teknologia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ekoizle erraldoi batzuen kasuan izan ezik, brandyaren ekoizpenak eta kontsumoak tokian tokiko izaera ohi du eta, beraz, ekoizpen-metodoak nabarmen aldatzen dira batetik bestera. Brandy ardoa mahats-<a href="/wiki/Kultibar" title="Kultibar">kultibar</a> ezberdinak nahasiz ekoizten da. Kalitate handiko brandiak egiteko, usain eta izaera bereziak dituzten kultibarren aukeraketa egiten da; brandy merkeagoak, berriz, eskura dagoen edozein ardorekin. </p><p>Brandya, ohiko ardoez arras bestelakoa izaten den <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oinarri-ardo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oinarri-ardo (sortu gabe)">oinarri-ardo</a></i> izenekoarekin egiten da, hasierako mahatsez, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Azido-kontzentrazio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azido-kontzentrazio (sortu gabe)">azido-kontzentrazio</a> handiagoa eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Azukre-gradu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azukre-gradu (sortu gabe)">azukre-gradu</a> txikiagoa erdiesteko. Oinarri-ardoak, oro har, ardo arruntek baino sufre gutxiago du (20 mg/L arte), nahi ez den kobre (II) sulfatoa sortzen duelako alanbikean kobrearekiko erreakzioan. Hartziduran sortutako <a href="/wiki/Legamia" title="Legamia">legamia</a>-<a href="/wiki/Sedimentu" title="Sedimentu">sedimentua</a> ardotan gorde daiteke edo ez, osatu nahi den brandy estiloaren arabera. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Arthez_alambic_Ognoas_1804.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Arthez_alambic_Ognoas_1804.jpg/250px-Arthez_alambic_Ognoas_1804.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Arthez_alambic_Ognoas_1804.jpg/330px-Arthez_alambic_Ognoas_1804.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Arthez_alambic_Ognoas_1804.jpg/500px-Arthez_alambic_Ognoas_1804.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>1804ko alanbikea <a href="/wiki/Landak" title="Landak">Landetan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Art%C3%A9s_d%27Armanhac" title="Artés d'Armanhac">Artés d'Armanhac</a>). </figcaption></figure> <p>Brandya oinarri-ardotik bi fasetan destilatzen da. Lehenengoan, ur eta solidoen parte handi bat erauzten da, "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ardo_apal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ardo apal (sortu gabe)">ardo apal</a>" deritzona lortzeko. Honek, % 28-30 <a href="/w/index.php?title=ABV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ABV (sortu gabe)">ABV</a> duen ardo kontzentratua da. Bigarren fasean, ardo apala brandytan destilatzen da. Likidoa alanbiketik irteten da hiru fasetan: "burua", "bihotza" eta "buztana" izenekoetan, hurrenez hurren. </p><p>Lehen zatiak, "buruak", %83 (166 US froga) inguruko alkohol-kontzentrazioa du  eta usain ezatsegina, kiratsa. Bukaerako parte ahula, "buztana", buruarekin batera baztertzen da eta, oro har, beste ardo apal batekin nahasten da, destilazio-zikloan berriro sartzeko. Erdialdeko frakzioa, “bihotza”, usain eta zaporeetan aberatsena, geroago ontzeko kontserbatzen da.[10] </p><p>Destilazioaren emaitza ez da ardoaren alkohol-edukia hobetzea bakarrik. Aitzitik, produktua destilatzeko erabilitako beroak eta alambikearen materialak (kobrea, ohiz) erreakzio kimikoak eragiten dituzte destilazioan. Horrek, osagai lurrunkor ugari sortarazten ditu, ardoaren usain-osagaien kantitate erlatiboetan aldaketak, eta osagai batzuen (<a href="/wiki/Ester" title="Ester">esterrena</a>, adibidez) <a href="/wiki/Hidrolisi" title="Hidrolisi">hidrolisia</a> eragiten du. </p><p>Segun eta zein estilotako brandya ekoitzi nahi den, halako edo bestelako alanbidea aukeratuko da. <a href="/wiki/Cognaceko_barrutia" title="Cognaceko barrutia">Cognac</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Hegoafrika" title="Hegoafrika">Hegoafrikako</a> brandyak loteka ekoitzitako brandyen adibideak dira; Amerikako brandy asko erdiesteko, berriz, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estilazio_zatikatu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estilazio zatikatu (sortu gabe)">destilazio zatikatua</a> erabiltzen dute zutikako alanbikeetan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ontze_edo_zahartzea">Ontze edo zahartzea</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandy&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ontze edo zahartzea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandy&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Ontze edo zahartzea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Brandyak hiru modu hauetako batean ekoizten dira: </p> <ul><li>Zahartze-prozesurik nozitu gabe: horrela egiten dira frutazko pattarrak, kolore argikoak, orokorki.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Single_barrel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Single barrel (sortu gabe)">Single barrel</a></i>: urre edo karamelu koloreko edari hauek normalean pausalekua duten haritzezko <a href="/wiki/Upategi" title="Upategi">upa</a> edo barrika bakar batean zahartzen dira.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solera (sortu gabe)">Solera</a></i> metodoa: brandy batzuk —espainiarrak, bereziki— solera sistemaren bidez zahartzen dira.</li></ul> <p>Europar Batasuneko 110/2008 Araudiak honela definitzen du heltze edo ontzea: “… ontzi egokietan erreakzio jakin batzuk modu naturalean garatzen uztean da zahartzea; erreakzio horiek kasuan kasuko edari espiritutsuari lehen ez zituen ezaugarri organoleptikoak emango dizkiote.” </p><p> Ontze edo zahartzea garrantzitsua da ia pattar guztientzat, patsak eta frutaz egindakoentzat izan ezik, hauetako gehienak ondu egiten ez direlako. <a href="/wiki/Tekila" title="Tekila">Tekilak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Ron" title="Ron">ronak</a> “gazte” edo “urtetsu” motakoak dira. <a href="/wiki/Whiski" title="Whiski">Whiskya</a> eta brandya, berriz, ondu behar dira nahitaez, izen horrekin merkaturatzeko, Europar Komunitateko legeria beteko bada.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:The_Brandy_Library,_Manhattan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/The_Brandy_Library%2C_Manhattan.jpg/220px-The_Brandy_Library%2C_Manhattan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/The_Brandy_Library%2C_Manhattan.jpg/330px-The_Brandy_Library%2C_Manhattan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/The_Brandy_Library%2C_Manhattan.jpg/440px-The_Brandy_Library%2C_Manhattan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="932" /></a><figcaption>Brandyen liburutegia, <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan-en</a></figcaption></figure><p>Zahartzearen ondoriozko airearekiko esposizioak brandya gorritu egiten du eta gorritze hori, normalean, karamelu kolorea gehituz areagotzen da. Koloratzaileari horrela esaten zaio azukretik datorrelako, baina ez da zapore gozokoa eta, ia gehienetan, C<sub>12</sub>H<sub>13</sub>O<sub>9</sub> formularen arabera egina dago. Airearekiko kontaktu hori mesedegarria da, destilatuaren <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metanol-kondar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metanol-kondar (sortu gabe)">metanol-kondarrak</a> lurruntzen diren heinean. Airearekiko kontaktua hiru faktoreren arabera gauzatuko da, funtsean: </p><ul><li>erabilitako haritza,</li> <li>ontziaren tamaina eta</li> <li>edariaren ontzi-aldaketen maiztasunaren arabera.</li></ul> <p>Litro gutxiko <a href="/wiki/Barrikote" title="Barrikote">barrikote</a> batean, adibidez, airearekiko kontaktua edukiera handiko andeletan baino askoz handiagoa izango da. Zenbat eta ontzi-aldaketa gehiago egin, orduan eta airearekiko kontaktua handiagoa izango da, era berean.   </p><p>Destilazioa amaitu ondoren, zahartu beharreko brandya haritzezko upeletan sartzen da, ontzeko. Normalean, urre kolore naturala duten pattarrak haritzezko upeletan zahartu dira (<i>single barrel</i> = “upel bakarrean onduak”). </p><p>Brandy batzuk, batez ere Espainian eginikoak, <i><b>solera</b></i> sistemaren bidez ontzen dira, hau da, ekoizleak urtero-urtero upelez aldatzen ditu brandyak. Estiloaren, klasearen eta lege-baldintzen araberako zahartze-aldi baten ondoren, brandy ondua ur destilatuarekin nahasten da, alkohol-kontzentrazioa murrizteko, eta botilan sartzen da. Zenbait brandyri azukrea gehitzen zaie, karamelu zapore eta kolorea emateko, upeletan luze zahartu direla sinestarazteko. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kontsumoa">Kontsumoa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandy&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kontsumoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandy&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Kontsumoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zerbitzua">Zerbitzua</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandy&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Zerbitzua»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandy&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Zerbitzua"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Martell_in_brandy_snifter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Martell_in_brandy_snifter.jpg/250px-Martell_in_brandy_snifter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Martell_in_brandy_snifter.jpg/330px-Martell_in_brandy_snifter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Martell_in_brandy_snifter.jpg/500px-Martell_in_brandy_snifter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="993" data-file-height="1232" /></a><figcaption>Kopa eskuan <a class="mw-selflink selflink">brandya</a> berotzeko.</figcaption></figure> <p>Tradizioz, brandya giro-tenperaturan zerbitzatzen da, berariazko kopan edo tulipa-kopan. Giro-tenperaturan edaten denean, eskuarki pittin bat epeltzen da, kopa <a href="/wiki/Esku-ahur" title="Esku-ahur">esku ahurrean</a> edukita edo suabe-suabe berotuz. Brandya gehiegi berotzeak alkohola indartsuegi lurruntzea ondoriozta lezake, haren usaina nabarmenegia bihurtuz. Brandy epelaren zaleek, edaria berotzea gustatzen bazaie, edalontzia berotzeko eskatzen dute, pattarra bertan ipini baino lehen. </p><p>Brandya beste edari batzuei gehi dakieke, hainbat koktel ezagun osatzeko, hala nola Brandy Sour, Brandy Alexander, Sidecar, Brandy Daisy, Brandy Old Fashioned, etab. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sukaldaritzan">Sukaldaritzan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandy&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Sukaldaritzan»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandy&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Sukaldaritzan"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sukaldean brandyari hainbat erabilera eman izan zaio: haragiak prestatzeko saltsak osatzeko, zopa eta kremak lurrintzeko, postregintzan, errekiak labeko plakan utziriko karameluak <a href="/w/index.php?title=Desglasat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desglasat (sortu gabe)">desglasatzeko</a>, etab., normalean, jakiaren gustua goxatu, sakondu eta nabarmenduz. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Osasun-erabilera_historikoak">Osasun-erabilera historikoak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandy&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Osasun-erabilera historikoak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandy&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Osasun-erabilera historikoak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>XIX. mendean, pattarra <a href="/wiki/Sendagai" title="Sendagai">sendagai</a> gisa erabili ohi zen, ustez zituen propietate "estimulatzaileak" zirela eta. Era berean, Afrika tropikalean europar <a href="/wiki/Esploratzaile" class="mw-redirect" title="Esploratzaile">esploratzaile</a> askok ere hartzen zuten, brandy dosi erregular eta moderatuak <a href="/wiki/Sukar" title="Sukar">sukarra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Depresio" title="Depresio">depresioa</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Estres" title="Estres">estresa</a> mendean hartzen lagun zezaketelakoan. Baina iritzi horiek baztertuz joan ziren XIX. mendearen amaieran eta XX.aren hasieran, jendeak brandyaren ezaugarri "medikoak" aitzakiatzat erabiltzen ari zirelako, edari sozial bihurtzeko. </p> <table style="background-color:#e0e0e0;border-collapse:collapse;border-radius: 6px;border-style:none;margin: .5em 2.75em; padding: 20px;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="20" valign="top" style="color:silver;font-size:40px;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;">« </td> <td align="left" style="padding:10px; padding-bottom:0; font-size: 90%;">[...] Hitz arruntetan (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">brandy</a>, dandy, ferry, hippy, hockey, playboy, rally, royalty, sexy) nola leku- eta pertsona-izenetan eta abizenetan (Annecy, Bobigny, Chambéry, Guernesey, Jersey, Midway, Sydney; Kennedy, Sarkozy, Faraday, Paisley, Presley, Hillary, Terry, Lucy). Deklinatze-ondorioetarako, bokaltzat hartuko da. Beraz, y letraz amaitutako hitzak, idatziz, i letraz amaitutako hitzak bezala deklinatzen dira. </td> <td width="20" valign="bottom" style="color:silver;font-size:40px;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;text-align:right;padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;">» </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="padding: 10px; padding-top:0; font-size: 85%;"><p style="line-height:1em;text-align: right"><cite style="font-style:normal;">—Euskaltzaindia (184. araua)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandy&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandy&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Euskalterm" title="Euskalterm">Euskalterm</a>: [Hipermerkatuetako Produktuak Hiztegia] [2009]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> </span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euskaltzaindia.eus/dok/arauak/Araua_0184.pdf"><i>Erdal hitzen deklinabidea. Euskaltzaindia (184. araua). </i></a> Euskaltzaindia</span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandy&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kanpo estekak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandy&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Kanpo estekak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="clear:both;"></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7786466">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control{margin-top:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9236165">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Autoritate_kontrola" style="width: inherit;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Autoritate_kontrola" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Autoritate_kontrola" title="Laguntza:Autoritate kontrola">Autoritate kontrola</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Wikimedia proiektuak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146470" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q146470">Q146470</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Brandy">Brandy</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q146470%22">Q146470</a></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4189458-3">4189458-3</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85016414">sh85016414</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00561059">00561059</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph316205">ph316205</a></span></li> <li><b>Hiztegiak eta entziklopediak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/brandy">url</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146470" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q146470">Q146470</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Brandy">Brandy</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q146470%22">Q146470</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236167" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236165" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Edari_alkoholdunak" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#66BB66"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236167" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9235565">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-ikusi"><a href="/wiki/Txantiloi:Navbox" title="Txantiloi:Navbox"><abbr title="Txantiloi hau ikusi" style=";background:#66BB66;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">i</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-eztabaida"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Txantiloi_eztabaida:Navbox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Txantiloi eztabaida:Navbox (sortu gabe)"><abbr title="Txantiloi hau eztabaidatu" style=";background:#66BB66;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-aldatu"><a class="external text" href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Txantiloi:Navbox&action=edit"><abbr title="Txantiloi hau aldatu" style=";background:#66BB66;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">a</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Edari_alkoholdunak" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Edari_alkoholdun" title="Edari alkoholdun">Edari alkoholdunak</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#66BB66;"><b>Edari irakinak</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Zekalea:</b> <a href="/wiki/Garagardo" title="Garagardo">Garagardoa</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Huangjiu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huangjiu (sortu gabe)">Huangjiua</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Makgeolli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Makgeolli (sortu gabe)">Makgeollia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kvas" title="Kvas">Kvasa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sake" title="Sake">Sakea</a> <br /> <b>Eztia:</b> <a href="/wiki/Ezti-ur" title="Ezti-ur">Ezti-ura</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chouchenn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chouchenn (sortu gabe)">Chouchenna</a> <br /> <b>Fruituak:</b> **<a href="/wiki/Ardo" title="Ardo">Ardoa</a> (**<a href="/wiki/Arabako_Txakolina" title="Arabako Txakolina">Arabako Txakolina</a> • **<a href="/wiki/Bizkaiko_Txakolina" title="Bizkaiko Txakolina">Bizkaiko Txakolina</a> • **<a href="/wiki/Errioxako_Ardoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Errioxako Ardoa">Errioxako Ardoa</a> • **<a href="/wiki/Getariako_Txakolina" title="Getariako Txakolina">Getariako Txakolina</a> • **<a href="/wiki/Irulegiko_Arnoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Irulegiko Arnoa">Irulegiko Arnoa</a> • **<a href="/wiki/Nafarroako_Ardoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Nafarroako Ardoa">Nafarroako Ardoa</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Ardo_apardun" title="Ardo apardun">Ardo aparduna</a> • **<a href="/wiki/Sagardo" title="Sagardo">Sagardoa</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Madari_ardoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madari ardoa (sortu gabe)">Madari ardoa</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palmera_ardoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palmera ardoa (sortu gabe)">Palmera ardoa</a> • <br /> <b>Beste batzuk:</b> <a href="/wiki/Chicha" title="Chicha">Chicha</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pulque" title="Pulque">Pulquea</a></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Euskal_Sagardoa1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Euskal_Sagardoa1.JPG/120px-Euskal_Sagardoa1.JPG" decoding="async" width="80" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Euskal_Sagardoa1.JPG/250px-Euskal_Sagardoa1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#66BB66;"><b><a href="/wiki/Edari_destilatu" title="Edari destilatu">Edari destilatuak</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Zekalea:</b> <a href="/wiki/Whiski" title="Whiski">Whiskia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eskoziar_whiski" title="Eskoziar whiski">Eskoziar whiskia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Irlandar_whiski" title="Irlandar whiski">Irlandar whiskia</a>) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baijiu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baijiu (sortu gabe)">Baijiu</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dch%C5%AB" title="Shōchū">Shōchū</a> <br /> <b>Fruituak:</b> <a href="/wiki/Armagnac_(edaria)" title="Armagnac (edaria)">Armagnaca</a> • <a href="/wiki/Boukha" title="Boukha">Boukha</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Brandya</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ko%C3%B1ak" title="Koñak">Koñaka</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kirsch" title="Kirsch">Kirscha</a> • <a href="/wiki/Palinka" title="Palinka">Palinka</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pisco" title="Pisco">Pisco</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rakia" title="Rakia">Rakia</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Schnaps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schnaps (sortu gabe)">Schnapsa</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Singani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Singani (sortu gabe)">Singani</a> <br /> <b>Azukre kanabera:</b> <a href="/wiki/Pattar" title="Pattar">Pattarra</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cacha%C3%A7a" title="Cachaça">Cachaça</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ron" title="Ron">Ron</a> <br /> <b>Agavea:</b> <a href="/wiki/Mezkala" title="Mezkala">Mezkala</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tekila" title="Tekila">Tekila</a> - Mahats patsa: <a href="/wiki/Grappa" title="Grappa">Grappa</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marc (sortu gabe)">Marca</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ts%C3%ADpouro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsípouro (sortu gabe)">Tsípouro</a> <br /> <b>Beste batzuk:</b> <a href="/wiki/Absenta" title="Absenta">Absenta</a> • <a href="/wiki/Poit%C3%ADn" title="Poitín">Poitín</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arrack&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arrack (sortu gabe)">Arrack</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Br%C3%A4nnvin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brännvin (sortu gabe)">Brännvina</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%A4rd%C3%B6pfeler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Härdöpfeler (sortu gabe)">Härdöpfelera</a> • **<a href="/wiki/Karpy_likorea" class="mw-redirect" title="Karpy likorea">Karpy likorea</a> • <a href="/wiki/Queimada" title="Queimada">Queimada</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vodka" title="Vodka">Vodka</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#66BB66;"><b>Edari onduak</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Fruituak:</b> **<a href="/wiki/Patxaran" title="Patxaran">Patxarana</a> • **<a href="/wiki/Anis_(edaria)" title="Anis (edaria)">Anisa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rak%C4%B1" title="Rakı">Rakı</a> <br /> <b>Belarrak:</b> <a href="/wiki/Ratafia" title="Ratafia">Ratafia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#66BB66;"><b>Edari konbinatuak</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Koktel" title="Koktel">Koktelak</a>:</b> **<a href="/wiki/Kalimotxo" title="Kalimotxo">Kalimotxoa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Black_Velvet_(koktela)" title="Black Velvet (koktela)">Black Velveta</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bloody_Mary_(koktela)" title="Bloody Mary (koktela)">Bloody Mary</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gin_tonic" title="Gin tonic">Gin tonica</a> • <a href="/wiki/Grog" title="Grog">Groga</a> • <a href="/wiki/Irlandar_kafe" title="Irlandar kafe">Irlandar kafea</a> • <a href="/wiki/Baileys_Irish_Cream" title="Baileys Irish Cream">Baileys Irish Cream</a> • <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_(koktela)" title="Manhattan (koktela)">Manhattan koktela</a> • <a href="/wiki/Martini" title="Martini">Martini</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mojito" title="Mojito">Mojito</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sangria" title="Sangria">Sangria</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="padding:0.3em 0 0.2em; 0; line-height:1.2em; background:#66BB66;"><div> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Euskal_Herria" title="Euskal Herria">Euskal Herrian</a> sustraituta dauden edariak.</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget \"ErrefAurrebista\" was not loaded. 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