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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Modern amphitheatres</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_amphitheatres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Natural_amphitheatres" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natural_amphitheatres"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Natural amphitheatres</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natural_amphitheatres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Amphitheatre</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" 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Available in 68 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-68" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">68 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AD_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="مسرح روماني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مسرح روماني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfiteatr" title="Amfiteatr – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Amfiteatr" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%84%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80" title="Амфітэатр – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Амфітэатр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Амфитеатър – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Амфитеатър" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfiteatar" title="Amfiteatar – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Amfiteatar" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfiteatr" title="Amfiteatr – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Amfiteatr" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfiteatre" title="Amfiteatre – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Amfiteatre" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfite%C3%A1tr" title="Amfiteátr – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Amfiteátr" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amffitheatr" title="Amffitheatr – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Amffitheatr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfiteater" title="Amfiteater – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Amfiteater" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphitheater" title="Amphitheater – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Amphitheater" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfiteater" title="Amfiteater – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Amfiteater" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BC%CF%86%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%AD%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF" title="Αμφιθέατρο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αμφιθέατρο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anfiteatro" title="Anfiteatro – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anfiteatro" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfiteatro" title="Amfiteatro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Amfiteatro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anfiteatro" title="Anfiteatro – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Anfiteatro" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%81%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%AA%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="آمفی‌تئاتر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آمفی‌تئاتر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphith%C3%A9%C3%A2tre" title="Amphithéâtre – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Amphithéâtre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfiteater" title="Amfiteater – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Amfiteater" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfait%C3%A9atar" title="Amfaitéatar – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Amfaitéatar" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anfiteatro" title="Anfiteatro – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Anfiteatro" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="أمفي تیاتر – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="أمفي تیاتر" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9B%90%ED%98%95%EA%B7%B9%EC%9E%A5" title="원형극장 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="원형극장" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B4%D6%86%D5%AB%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Ամֆիթատրոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ամֆիթատրոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF" title="रंगभूमि – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रंगभूमि" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfiteatar" title="Amfiteatar – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Amfiteatar" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfiteatro" title="Amfiteatro – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Amfiteatro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfiteater" title="Amfiteater – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Amfiteater" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphitheatro" title="Amphitheatro – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Amphitheatro" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anfiteatro" title="Anfiteatro – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anfiteatro" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%90%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F" title="אמפיתיאטרון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אמפיתיאטרון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ამფითეატრი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ამფითეატრი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80" title="Амфитеатр – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Амфитеатр" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amf%C3%AEtiyatro" title="Amfîtiyatro – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Amfîtiyatro" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphitheatrum" title="Amphitheatrum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Amphitheatrum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfite%C4%81tris" title="Amfiteātris – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Amfiteātris" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfiteatras" title="Amfiteatras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Amfiteatras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfite%C3%A1trum" title="Amfiteátrum – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Amfiteátrum" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Амфитеатар – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Амфитеатар" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC" title="ആംഫിതിയേറ്റർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആംഫിതിയേറ്റർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perani" title="Perani – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perani" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80" title="Амфитеатр – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Амфитеатр" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfitheater" title="Amfitheater – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Amfitheater" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%86%E3%82%A2%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E3%83%A0" title="アンフィテアトルム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アンフィテアトルム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfiteater" title="Amfiteater – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Amfiteater" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfiteater" title="Amfiteater – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Amfiteater" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfiteatr" title="Amfiteatr – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Amfiteatr" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfiteatr" title="Amfiteatr – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Amfiteatr" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anfiteatro" title="Anfiteatro – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Anfiteatro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfiteatru" title="Amfiteatru – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Amfiteatru" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumay_aranwa" title="Tumay aranwa – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Tumay aranwa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80" title="Амфитеатр – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Амфитеатр" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfiteatri" title="Amfiteatri – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Amfiteatri" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphitheatre" title="Amphitheatre – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Amphitheatre" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfite%C3%A1ter_(stavba)" title="Amfiteáter (stavba) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Amfiteáter (stavba)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfiteater" title="Amfiteater – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Amfiteater" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfityjater" title="Amfityjater – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Amfityjater" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Амфитеатар – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Амфитеатар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfiteatar" title="Amfiteatar – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Amfiteatar" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfiteatteri" title="Amfiteatteri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Amfiteatteri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfiteater" title="Amfiteater – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Amfiteater" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80" title="Амфитеатр – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Амфитеатр" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Open air entertainment venue</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Amphitheatre_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Amphitheatre (disambiguation)">Amphitheatre (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rome_Colosseum_exterior_panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Rome_Colosseum_exterior_panorama.jpg/220px-Rome_Colosseum_exterior_panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Rome_Colosseum_exterior_panorama.jpg/330px-Rome_Colosseum_exterior_panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Rome_Colosseum_exterior_panorama.jpg/440px-Rome_Colosseum_exterior_panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7303" data-file-height="3423" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Colosseum" title="Colosseum">Colosseum</a>, an amphitheatre in Rome (built 72–80 AD)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arles_-_2017-05-24_-_Roman_Amphitheatre_-_3804.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Arles_-_2017-05-24_-_Roman_Amphitheatre_-_3804.jpg/220px-Arles_-_2017-05-24_-_Roman_Amphitheatre_-_3804.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Arles_-_2017-05-24_-_Roman_Amphitheatre_-_3804.jpg/330px-Arles_-_2017-05-24_-_Roman_Amphitheatre_-_3804.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Arles_-_2017-05-24_-_Roman_Amphitheatre_-_3804.jpg/440px-Arles_-_2017-05-24_-_Roman_Amphitheatre_-_3804.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4538" data-file-height="2553" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arles_Amphitheatre" title="Arles Amphitheatre">Arles Amphitheatre</a>, France: a Roman arena still used<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for <a href="/wiki/Bullfighting" title="Bullfighting">bullfighting</a>, plays, and summer concerts.</figcaption></figure> <p>An <b>amphitheatre</b> (<a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">U.S. English</a>: <b>amphitheater</b>) is an open-air venue used for entertainment, performances, and sports.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term derives from the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">ancient Greek</a> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc" style="font-style: normal;">ἀμφιθέατρον</span></span> (<i><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">amphitheatron</i></span></i>),<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc" style="font-style: normal;">ἀμφί</span></span> (<i><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">amphi</i></span></i>), meaning "on both sides" or "around"<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc" style="font-style: normal;">θέατρον</span></span> (<i><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">théātron</i></span></i>), meaning "place for viewing".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ancient Greek <a href="/wiki/Theater_(structure)" title="Theater (structure)">theatres</a> were typically built on hillsides and semi-circular in design. The first amphitheatre may have been built at Pompeii around 70 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ancient <a href="/wiki/Roman_amphitheatre" title="Roman amphitheatre">Roman amphitheatres</a> were oval or circular in plan, with seating tiers that surrounded the central performance area, like a modern open-air <a href="/wiki/Stadium" title="Stadium">stadium</a>. In contrast, both ancient Greek and ancient <a href="/wiki/Roman_theatre_(structure)" title="Roman theatre (structure)">Roman theatres</a> were built in a <a href="/wiki/Semicircle" title="Semicircle">semicircle</a>, with tiered seating rising on one side of the performance area. </p><p>Modern english parlance uses "amphitheatre" for any structure with sloping seating, including <a href="/wiki/Theater_(structure)" title="Theater (structure)">theatre-style</a> stages with spectator seating on only one side, <a href="/wiki/Theatre_in_the_round" title="Theatre in the round">theatres in the round</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Stadium" title="Stadium">stadia</a>. They can be indoor or outdoor. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Roman_amphitheatres">Roman amphitheatres</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amphitheatre&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Roman amphitheatres"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Roman_amphitheatre" title="Roman amphitheatre">Roman amphitheatre</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_new_old_amphitheater_in_Pula_Istria_(19629095974).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/The_new_old_amphitheater_in_Pula_Istria_%2819629095974%29.jpg/220px-The_new_old_amphitheater_in_Pula_Istria_%2819629095974%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/The_new_old_amphitheater_in_Pula_Istria_%2819629095974%29.jpg/330px-The_new_old_amphitheater_in_Pula_Istria_%2819629095974%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/The_new_old_amphitheater_in_Pula_Istria_%2819629095974%29.jpg/440px-The_new_old_amphitheater_in_Pula_Istria_%2819629095974%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4443" data-file-height="2962" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pula_Arena" title="Pula Arena">Pula Arena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></figcaption></figure><p>About <a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_amphitheatres" title="List of Roman amphitheatres">230 Roman amphitheatres</a> have been found across the area of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>. Their typical shape, functions and name distinguish them from <a href="/wiki/Roman_theatre_(structure)" title="Roman theatre (structure)">Roman theatres</a>, which are more or less semicircular in shape; from the <a href="/wiki/Circus_(building)" class="mw-redirect" title="Circus (building)">circuses</a> (similar to <a href="/wiki/Hippodrome" title="Hippodrome">hippodromes</a>) whose much longer circuits were designed mainly for horse or chariot racing events; and from the smaller <a href="/wiki/Stadium" title="Stadium">stadia</a>, which were primarily designed for <a href="/wiki/Sport" title="Sport">athletics</a> and footraces.<sup id="cite_ref-Bomgardner372_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bomgardner372-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Roman amphitheatres were circular or oval in plan, with a central <a href="/wiki/Arena" title="Arena">arena</a> surrounded by perimeter seating tiers. The seating tiers were pierced by entrance-ways controlling access to the arena floor, and isolating it from the audience. Temporary wooden structures functioning as amphitheaters would have been erected for the funeral games held in honour of deceased Roman <a href="/wiki/Magnate" title="Magnate">magnates</a> by their heirs, featuring fights to the death by <a href="/wiki/Gladiator" title="Gladiator">gladiators</a>, usually armed prisoners of war, at the funeral pyre or tomb of the deceased. These games are described in Roman histories as <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Munera_(ancient_Rome)" title="Munera (ancient Rome)">munera</a></i></span></i>, gifts, entertainments or duties to honour deceased individuals, Rome's gods and the Roman community.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some Roman writers interpret the earliest attempts to provide permanent amphitheaters and seating for the lower classes as populist political graft, rightly blocked by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Senate" title="Roman Senate">Senate</a> as morally objectionable; too-frequent, excessively "luxurious" <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">munera</i></span></i> would corrode traditional Roman morals. The provision of permanent seating was thought a particularly objectionable luxury.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest permanent, stone and timber Roman amphitheatre with perimeter seating was built in the <span title="Latin-language text"><span lang="la" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Campus_Martius" title="Campus Martius">Campus Martius</a></span></span> in 29 BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most were built under Imperial rule, from the <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustan</a> period (27 BCE–14 CE) onwards.<sup id="cite_ref-Bomgardner59_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bomgardner59-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Imperial amphitheatres were built throughout the Roman Empire, especial in provincial capitals and major colonies, as an essential aspect of <i><a href="/wiki/Romanitas" title="Romanitas">Romanitas</a></i>. There was no standard size; the largest could accommodate 40,000–60,000 spectators. The most elaborate featured multi-storeyed, arcaded façades and were decorated with <a href="/wiki/Marble" title="Marble">marble</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stucco" title="Stucco">stucco</a> and statuary.<sup id="cite_ref-Bomgardner62_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bomgardner62-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The best-known and largest Roman amphitheatre is the <a href="/wiki/Colosseum" title="Colosseum">Colosseum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, also known as the Flavian Amphitheatre (<i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Amphitheatrum Flavium</i></span></i>), after the <a href="/wiki/Flavian_dynasty" title="Flavian dynasty">Flavian dynasty</a> who had it built. After the ending of gladiatorial games in the 5th century and of staged animal hunts in the 6th, most amphitheatres fell into disrepair. Their materials were mined or recycled. Some were razed, and others were converted into fortifications. A few continued as convenient open meeting places; in some of these, churches were sited.<sup id="cite_ref-Bomgardner201_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bomgardner201-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_amphitheatres">Modern amphitheatres</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amphitheatre&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Modern amphitheatres"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_contemporary_amphitheatres" title="List of contemporary amphitheatres">List of contemporary amphitheatres</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Amphitheatre" title="Special:EditPage/Amphitheatre">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hollywood_Bowl_USGS_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Hollywood_Bowl_USGS_2010.jpg/220px-Hollywood_Bowl_USGS_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Hollywood_Bowl_USGS_2010.jpg/330px-Hollywood_Bowl_USGS_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Hollywood_Bowl_USGS_2010.jpg/440px-Hollywood_Bowl_USGS_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Aerial photograph of the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Bowl" title="Hollywood Bowl">Hollywood Bowl</a>, showing the seating after the 2005 renovation.</figcaption></figure> <p>In modern english usage of the word, an amphitheatre is not only a circular, but can also be a semicircular or curved performance space, particularly one located outdoors.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contemporary amphitheatres often include standing structures, called <a href="/wiki/Bandshell" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandshell">bandshells</a>, sometimes curved or bowl-shaped, both behind the stage and behind the audience, creating an area which echoes or amplifies sound, making the amphitheatre ideal for musical or theatrical performances. Small-scale amphitheatres can serve to host outdoor local community performances. </p><p>Notable modern amphitheatres include the <a href="/wiki/Shoreline_Amphitheatre" title="Shoreline Amphitheatre">Shoreline Amphitheatre</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Bowl" title="Hollywood Bowl">Hollywood Bowl</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Aula_Magna_(Stockholm_University)" title="Aula Magna (Stockholm University)">Aula Magna</a> at Stockholm University. The term "amphitheatre" is also used for some indoor venues, such as the (by now demolished) <a href="/wiki/Gibson_Amphitheatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibson Amphitheatre">Gibson Amphitheatre</a> and Chicago <a href="/wiki/International_Amphitheatre" title="International Amphitheatre">International Amphitheatre</a>. </p><p>In other languages (like <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>) an <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphitheater" class="extiw" title="de:Amphitheater">amphitheatre</a> can only be a circular performance space. A performance space where the audience is not all around the stage can not be called an amphitheatre—by definition of the word. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Natural_amphitheatres">Natural amphitheatres</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amphitheatre&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Natural amphitheatres"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bryce_Amphitheater_from_Sunrise_Point_Highres_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Bryce_Amphitheater_from_Sunrise_Point_Highres_2013.jpg/220px-Bryce_Amphitheater_from_Sunrise_Point_Highres_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Bryce_Amphitheater_from_Sunrise_Point_Highres_2013.jpg/330px-Bryce_Amphitheater_from_Sunrise_Point_Highres_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Bryce_Amphitheater_from_Sunrise_Point_Highres_2013.jpg/440px-Bryce_Amphitheater_from_Sunrise_Point_Highres_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="19709" data-file-height="6688" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bryce_Canyon_National_Park" title="Bryce Canyon National Park">Bryce Canyon</a> Amphitheatre from Sunrise Point</figcaption></figure> <p>A natural amphitheatre is a performance space located in a spot where a steep mountain or a particular rock formation naturally amplifies or echoes sound, making it ideal for musical and theatrical performances. An amphitheatre can be naturally occurring formations which would be ideal for this purpose, even if no theatre has been constructed there. </p><p>Notable natural amphitheatres include the <a href="/wiki/Amphitheatre_(Drakensberg)" title="Amphitheatre (Drakensberg)">Drakensberg Amphitheatre</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slane_Castle" title="Slane Castle">Slane Castle</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Meredith_Music_Festival" title="Meredith Music Festival">Supernatural Amphitheatre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Red_Rocks_Amphitheatre" title="Red Rocks Amphitheatre">Red Rocks</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Gorge_Amphitheatre" title="The Gorge Amphitheatre">the Gorge</a> Amphitheatres in the western <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. </p><p>There is evidence that the <a href="/wiki/Anasazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Anasazi">Anasazi</a> people used natural amphitheatres for the public performance of music in <a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era" title="Pre-Columbian era">Pre-Columbian</a> times including a large constructed performance space in <a href="/wiki/Chaco_Canyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaco Canyon">Chaco Canyon</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amphitheatre&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Odeon_(building)" title="Odeon (building)">Odeon (building)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colosseum" title="Colosseum">Colosseum</a></li> <li>Ancient theatres <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_ancient_Greece" title="Theatre of ancient Greece">Theatre of ancient Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_theatres" title="List of ancient Greek theatres">List of ancient Greek theatres</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena" title="Arena">Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thing_(assembly)" title="Thing (assembly)">Thingplatz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_amphitheatres" title="List of Roman amphitheatres">List of Roman amphitheatres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_contemporary_amphitheatres" title="List of contemporary amphitheatres">List of contemporary amphitheatres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_indoor_arenas" title="List of indoor arenas">List of indoor arenas</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amphitheatre&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michel Tournier, <i>Le coq de bruyère</i>, W. D. Redfern, Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press, 1996, p. 69</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Britannica Concise Encyclopedia</i> (1 ed.). Encyclopaedia Britannica, Incorporated. 2006. p. 64. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781593394929" title="Special:BookSources/9781593394929"><bdi>9781593394929</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britannica+Concise+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=64&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Encyclopaedia+Britannica%2C+Incorporated&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781593394929&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmphitheatre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0058%3Aentry%3Da%29mfiqe%2Fatron">ἀμφιθέατρον</a>, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, <i>An Intermediate Greek-English Lexicon</i>, on Peseus</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Da%29mfi%2F">ἀμφί</a>, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, <i>A Greek-English Lexicon</i>, on Perseus</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A199975579579579.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dqe%2Fatron">θέατρον</a>, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, <i>A Greek-English Lexicon</i>, on Perseus</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoad1996" class="citation book cs1">Hoad, T.F. (1996). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conciseoxforddic00tfho/page/14"><i>The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology</i></a></span>. Oxford University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conciseoxforddic00tfho/page/14">14, 489</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-283098-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-283098-8"><bdi>0-19-283098-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Concise+Oxford+Dictionary+of+English+Etymology&rft.pages=14%2C+489&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-19-283098-8&rft.aulast=Hoad&rft.aufirst=T.F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fconciseoxforddic00tfho%2Fpage%2F14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmphitheatre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrout" class="citation web cs1">Grout, James. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/gladiators/amphitheatrum.html">"The amphitheater at Pompeii"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Romana</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopaedia+Romana&rft.atitle=The+amphitheater+at+Pompeii&rft.aulast=Grout&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpenelope.uchicago.edu%2F~grout%2Fencyclopaedia_romana%2Fgladiators%2Famphitheatrum.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmphitheatre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bomgardner372-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bomgardner372_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bomgardner, 37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dodge, Hazel, <i>Amphitheaters in the Roman World</i>, pp.545-553, Ch. 37 in "Blackwell companions to the Ancient World", edited by Christesen, P & Kyle, Donald, Wiley Blackwell, 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Appian, <i>The Civil Wars</i>, 128; Livy, <i>Perochiae</i>, 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKyle2017" class="citation book cs1">Kyle, Donald G. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vwJLDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA89">"Ancient Greek and Roman Sport"</a>. In Edelman, Robert; Wilson, Wayne (eds.). <i>The Oxford Handbook of Sports History</i>. Oxford Handbooks Online. p. 89. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780199858910.001.0001">10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199858910.001.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-985891-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-985891-0"><bdi>978-0-19-985891-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ancient+Greek+and+Roman+Sport&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Sports+History&rft.series=Oxford+Handbooks+Online&rft.pages=89&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780199858910.001.0001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-985891-0&rft.aulast=Kyle&rft.aufirst=Donald+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvwJLDgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA89&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmphitheatre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bomgardner59-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bomgardner59_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bomgardner, 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bomgardner62-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bomgardner62_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bomgardner, 62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bomgardner201-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bomgardner201_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bomgardner, 201–223.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEncyclopaedia2006" class="citation book cs1">Encyclopaedia, B. I. (4 March 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://public.ebookcentral.proquest.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=361914"><i>Britannica Concise Encyclopedia</i></a> (1 ed.). Encyclopaedia Britannica, Incorporated. p. 64. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781593394929" title="Special:BookSources/9781593394929"><bdi>9781593394929</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britannica+Concise+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=64&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Encyclopaedia+Britannica%2C+Incorporated&rft.date=2006-03-04&rft.isbn=9781593394929&rft.aulast=Encyclopaedia&rft.aufirst=B.+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.ebookcentral.proquest.com%2Fchoice%2Fpublicfullrecord.aspx%3Fp%3D361914&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmphitheatre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoose2008" class="citation journal cs1">Loose, Richard W. (March 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.2752/175169608783489080">"Tse'Biinaholts'a Yalti (Curved Rock That Speaks)"</a>. <i>Time and Mind: The Journal of Archaeology, Consciousness and Culture</i>. <b>1</b> (1): 31–49. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2752%2F175169608783489080">10.2752/175169608783489080</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1751-696X">1751-696X</a> – via Taylor & Francis.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time+and+Mind%3A+The+Journal+of+Archaeology%2C+Consciousness+and+Culture&rft.atitle=Tse%27Biinaholts%27a+Yalti+%28Curved+Rock+That+Speaks%29&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=31-49&rft.date=2008-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2752%2F175169608783489080&rft.issn=1751-696X&rft.aulast=Loose&rft.aufirst=Richard+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.2752%2F175169608783489080&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmphitheatre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amphitheatre&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output 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width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/amphitheatre" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/amphitheatre">amphitheatre</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBomgardner2000" class="citation book cs1">Bomgardner, David Lee (October 2000). <i>The Story of the Roman Amphitheatre</i>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-16593-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-16593-8"><bdi>0-415-16593-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+the+Roman+Amphitheatre&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2000-10&rft.isbn=0-415-16593-8&rft.aulast=Bomgardner&rft.aufirst=David+Lee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmphitheatre" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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