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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Temporal_resolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Temporal resolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Temporal_resolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radiometric_resolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radiometric_resolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Radiometric resolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radiometric_resolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resolution_in_various_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resolution_in_various_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Resolution in various media</span> </div> </a> <ul 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href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafi%C4%8Dki_standardi" title="Grafički standardi – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Grafički standardi" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resoluci%C3%B3_d%27una_imatge" title="Resolució d'una imatge – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Resolució d'una imatge" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opl%C3%B8sning_(billede)" title="Opløsning (billede) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Opløsning (billede)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bildaufl%C3%B6sung" title="Bildauflösung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bildauflösung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahutusv%C3%B5ime" title="Lahutusvõime – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lahutusvõime" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resoluci%C3%B3n_de_imagen" title="Resolución de imagen – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Resolución de imagen" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilda_distingokapablo" title="Bilda distingokapablo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bilda distingokapablo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irudi-bereizmen" title="Irudi-bereizmen – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Irudi-bereizmen" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%AD_%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="وضوح تصویر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="وضوح تصویر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8" title="छवि विभेदन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="छवि विभेदन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resolusi_gambar" title="Resolusi gambar – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Resolusi gambar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risoluzione_(grafica)" title="Risoluzione (grafica) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Risoluzione (grafica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%94" title="רזולוציה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רזולוציה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larawan_Sala" title="Larawan Sala – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Larawan Sala" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwonekano_picha" title="Mwonekano picha – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mwonekano picha" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skiriamoji_geba" title="Skiriamoji geba – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Skiriamoji geba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peleraian_imej" title="Peleraian imej – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Peleraian imej" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E5%83%8F%E5%BA%A6" title="解像度 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="解像度" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_imagem" title="Resolução de imagem – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Resolução de imagem" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lo%C4%8Dljivost_slike" title="Ločljivost slike – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ločljivost slike" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resoluutio_(kuvatekniikka)" title="Resoluutio (kuvatekniikka) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Resoluutio (kuvatekniikka)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilduppl%C3%B6sning" title="Bildupplösning – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bildupplösning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E" title="ความละเอียดภาพ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ความละเอียดภาพ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%27%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Роздільна здатність (комп'ютерна графіка) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Роздільна здатність (комп'ютерна графіка)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%86%E8%BE%A8%E7%8E%87" title="分辨率 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="分辨率" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Measure of how fine an image is</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Optical_resolution" title="Optical resolution">Optical resolution</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Hi-res" redirects here. For the London-based design firm, see <a href="/wiki/Hi-ReS!" title="Hi-ReS!">Hi-ReS!</a> For the digital audio quality term, see <a href="/wiki/High-resolution_audio" title="High-resolution audio">High-resolution audio</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Image_resolution" title="Special:EditPage/Image resolution">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Image+resolution%22">"Image resolution"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Image+resolution%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Image+resolution%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Image+resolution%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Image+resolution%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Image+resolution%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Image resolution</b> is the level of detail of an <a href="/wiki/Image" title="Image">image</a>. The term applies to digital images, film images, and other types of images. "Higher resolution" means more image detail. Image resolution can be measured in various ways. Resolution quantifies how close lines can be to each other and still be visibly <i>resolved</i>. Resolution units can be tied to physical sizes (e.g. lines per mm, lines per inch), to the overall size of a picture (lines per picture height, also known simply as lines, TV lines, or TVL), or to angular subtense. Instead of single lines, <b>line pairs</b> are often used, composed of a dark line and an adjacent light line; for example, a resolution of 10 lines per millimeter means 5 dark lines alternating with 5 light lines, or 5 line pairs per millimeter (5 LP/mm). Photographic lens are most often quoted in line pairs per millimeter. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Image_resolution&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Image_resolution" title="Special:EditPage/Image resolution">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The resolution of digital cameras can be described in many different ways. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pixel_count">Pixel count<span class="anchor" id="Pixel_resolution"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Image_resolution&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Pixel count"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <i>resolution</i> is often considered equivalent to <a href="/wiki/Pixel" title="Pixel">pixel</a> count in <a href="/wiki/Digital_imaging" title="Digital imaging">digital imaging</a>, though international standards in the <a href="/wiki/Digital_camera" title="Digital camera">digital camera</a> field specify it should instead be called "Number of Total Pixels" in relation to image sensors, and as "Number of Recorded Pixels" for what is fully captured. Hence, <a href="/wiki/CIPA_DCG-001" class="mw-redirect" title="CIPA DCG-001">CIPA DCG-001</a> calls for notation such as "Number of Recorded Pixels 1000 × 1500".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the same standards, the "Number of Effective Pixels" that an <a href="/wiki/Image_sensor" title="Image sensor">image sensor</a> or <a href="/wiki/Digital_camera" title="Digital camera">digital camera</a> has is the count of <a href="/wiki/Pixel" title="Pixel">pixel</a> sensors that contribute to the final image (including pixels not in said image but nevertheless support the image filtering process), as opposed to the number of <i>total pixels</i>, which includes unused or light-shielded pixels around the edges. </p><p>An image of N pixels height by M pixels wide can have any resolution less than N lines per picture height, or N TV lines. But when the pixel counts are referred to as "resolution", the convention is to describe the <i>pixel resolution</i> with the set of two positive <a href="/wiki/Integer" title="Integer">integer</a> numbers, where the first number is the number of pixel columns (width) and the second is the number of pixel rows (height), for example as <i>7680 × 6876</i>. Another popular convention is to cite resolution as the total number of pixels in the image, typically given as number of <a href="/wiki/Megapixel" class="mw-redirect" title="Megapixel">megapixels</a>, which can be calculated by multiplying pixel columns by pixel rows and dividing by one million. Other conventions include describing pixels per length unit or pixels per area unit, such as <a href="/wiki/Pixels_per_inch" class="mw-redirect" title="Pixels per inch">pixels per inch</a> or per square inch. None of these <i>pixel resolutions</i> are true resolutions<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="(August 2017)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, but they are widely referred to as such; they serve as <a href="/wiki/Upper_bound" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper bound">upper bounds</a> on image resolution. </p><p>Below is an illustration of how the same image might appear at different pixel resolutions, if the pixels were poorly rendered as sharp squares (normally, a smooth image reconstruction from pixels would be preferred, but for illustration of pixels, the sharp squares make the point better). </p><p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Resolution_illustration.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Resolution_illustration.png" decoding="async" width="788" height="133" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="788" data-file-height="133" /></a></span> </p><p>An image that is 2048 pixels in width and 1536 pixels in height has a total of 2048×1536 = 3,145,728 pixels or 3.1 megapixels. One could refer to it as 2048 by 1536 or a 3.1-megapixel image. The image would be a very low quality image (72ppi) if printed at about 28.5 inches wide, but a very good quality (300ppi) image if printed at about 7 inches wide. </p><p>The number of photodiodes in a color <a href="/wiki/Digital_camera" title="Digital camera">digital camera</a> image sensor is often a multiple of the number of pixels in the image it produces, because information from an array of color <a href="/wiki/Image_sensors" class="mw-redirect" title="Image sensors">image sensors</a> is used to reconstruct the color of a single pixel. The image has to be interpolated or <a href="/wiki/Demosaic" class="mw-redirect" title="Demosaic">demosaiced</a> to produce all three colors for each output pixel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spatial_resolution">Spatial resolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Image_resolution&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Spatial resolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Spatial_resolution" title="Spatial resolution">Spatial resolution</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Focus_(optics)" title="Focus (optics)">Focus (optics)</a></div> <p>The terms blurriness and sharpness are used for digital images but other descriptors are used to reference the hardware capturing and displaying the images. </p><p>Spatial resolution in radiology is the ability of the imaging modality to differentiate two objects. Low spatial resolution techniques will be unable to differentiate between two objects that are relatively close together. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1951usaf_test_target.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/1951usaf_test_target.jpg/250px-1951usaf_test_target.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/1951usaf_test_target.jpg/375px-1951usaf_test_target.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/1951usaf_test_target.jpg/500px-1951usaf_test_target.jpg 2x" data-file-width="618" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/1951_USAF_resolution_test_chart" title="1951 USAF resolution test chart">1951 USAF resolution test target</a> is a classic test target used to determine spatial resolution of imaging sensors and imaging systems.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:408px;max-width:408px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Matakis_-_blurred.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Matakis_-_blurred.jpg/200px-Matakis_-_blurred.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Matakis_-_blurred.jpg/300px-Matakis_-_blurred.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Matakis_-_blurred.jpg/400px-Matakis_-_blurred.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2748" data-file-height="2834" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MARTAKIS1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/MARTAKIS1.jpg/200px-MARTAKIS1.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/MARTAKIS1.jpg/300px-MARTAKIS1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/MARTAKIS1.jpg/400px-MARTAKIS1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2290" data-file-height="2362" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Image at left has a higher <i>pixel count</i> than the one to the right, but is still of worse spatial resolution.</div></div></div></div> <p>The measure of how closely lines can be resolved in an image is called spatial resolution, and it depends on properties of the system creating the image, not just the pixel resolution in <a href="/wiki/Pixels_per_inch" class="mw-redirect" title="Pixels per inch">pixels per inch</a> (ppi). For practical purposes the clarity of the image is decided by its spatial resolution, not the number of pixels in an image. In effect, spatial resolution is the number of <i>independent</i> pixel values per unit length. </p><p>The spatial resolution of consumer displays ranges from 50 to 800 pixel lines per inch. With scanners, <a href="/wiki/Optical_resolution" title="Optical resolution">optical resolution</a> is sometimes used to distinguish spatial resolution from the number of pixels per inch. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Remote_sensing" title="Remote sensing">remote sensing</a>, spatial resolution is typically limited by <a href="/wiki/Diffraction_limit" class="mw-redirect" title="Diffraction limit">diffraction</a>, as well as by aberrations, imperfect focus, and atmospheric distortion. The <a href="/wiki/Ground_sample_distance" title="Ground sample distance">ground sample distance</a> (GSD) of an image, the pixel spacing on the Earth's surface, is typically considerably smaller than the resolvable spot size. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a>, one often measures spatial resolution in data points per arcsecond subtended at the point of observation, because the physical distance between objects in the image depends on their distance away and this varies widely with the object of interest. On the other hand, in <a href="/wiki/Electron_microscopy" class="mw-redirect" title="Electron microscopy">electron microscopy</a>, line or fringe resolution is the minimum separation detectable between adjacent parallel lines (e.g. between planes of atoms), whereas point resolution is instead the minimum separation between adjacent points that can be both detected <i>and interpreted</i> e.g. as adjacent columns of atoms, for instance. The former often helps one detect periodicity in specimens, whereas the latter (although more difficult to achieve) is key to visualizing how individual atoms interact. </p><p>In Stereoscopic 3D images, spatial resolution could be defined as the spatial information recorded or captured by two viewpoints of a <a href="/wiki/Stereo_camera" title="Stereo camera">stereo camera</a> (left and right camera). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spectral_resolution">Spectral resolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Image_resolution&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Spectral resolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/ICC_profile" title="ICC profile">ICC profile</a></div> <p>Pixel encoding limits the information stored in a digital image, and the term color profile is used for digital images but other descriptors are used to reference the hardware capturing and displaying the images. </p><p>Spectral resolution is the ability to resolve spectral features and bands into their separate components. <a href="/wiki/Color_image" class="mw-redirect" title="Color image">Color images</a> distinguish light of different <a href="/wiki/Visible_spectrum" title="Visible spectrum">spectra</a>. <a href="/wiki/Multispectral_image" class="mw-redirect" title="Multispectral image">Multispectral images</a> can resolve even finer differences of spectrum or <a href="/wiki/Wavelength" title="Wavelength">wavelength</a> by measuring and storing more than the traditional 3 of common RGB color images. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Temporal_resolution">Temporal resolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Image_resolution&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Temporal resolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Frame_rate" title="Frame rate">Frame rate</a></div> <p>Temporal resolution (TR) is the precision of a measurement with respect to time. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Movie_camera" title="Movie camera">Movie cameras</a> and <a href="/wiki/High-speed_camera" title="High-speed camera">high-speed cameras</a> can resolve events at different points in time. The time resolution used for movies is usually 24 to 48 <a href="/wiki/Frames_per_second" class="mw-redirect" title="Frames per second">frames per second</a> (frames/s), whereas high-speed cameras may resolve 50 to 300 frames/s, or even more. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Uncertainty_principle" title="Uncertainty principle">Heisenberg uncertainty principle</a> describes the fundamental limit on the maximum spatial resolution of information about a particle's coordinates imposed by the measurement or existence of information regarding its momentum to any degree of precision. </p><p>This fundamental limitation can, in turn, be a factor in the maximum imaging resolution at subatomic scales, as can be encountered using <a href="/wiki/Scanning_electron_microscope" title="Scanning electron microscope">scanning electron microscopes</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radiometric_resolution">Radiometric resolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Image_resolution&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Radiometric resolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Color_depth" title="Color depth">Color depth</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Radiometric" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiometric">Radiometric</a> resolution determines how finely a system can represent or distinguish differences of <a href="/wiki/Luminous_intensity" title="Luminous intensity">intensity</a>, and is usually expressed as a number of levels or a number of <a href="/wiki/Bit" title="Bit">bits</a>, for example 8 bits or 256 levels that is typical of computer image files. The higher the radiometric resolution, the better subtle differences of intensity or <a href="/wiki/Reflectivity" class="mw-redirect" title="Reflectivity">reflectivity</a> can be represented, at least in theory. In practice, the effective radiometric resolution is typically limited by the noise level, rather than by the number of bits of representation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Resolution_in_various_media">Resolution in various media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Image_resolution&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Resolution in various media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This is a list of traditional, analogue horizontal resolutions for various media. The list only includes popular formats, not rare formats, and all values are approximate, because the actual quality can vary machine-to-machine or tape-to-tape. For ease-of-comparison, all values are for the NTSC system. (For PAL systems, replace 480 with 576.) Analog formats usually had less chroma resolution. </p> <ul><li>Analogue and early digital<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Many cameras and displays offset the color components relative to each other or mix up temporal with spatial resolution: </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bayer_matrix.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="digital camera (Bayer color filter array)"><img alt="digital camera (Bayer color filter array)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Bayer_matrix.svg/120px-Bayer_matrix.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Bayer_matrix.svg/180px-Bayer_matrix.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Bayer_matrix.svg/240px-Bayer_matrix.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="270" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Digital_camera" title="Digital camera">digital camera</a> (Bayer <a href="/wiki/Color_filter_array" title="Color filter array">color filter array</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lcd_display_dead_pixel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="LCD (Triangular pixel geometry)"><img alt="LCD (Triangular pixel geometry)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Lcd_display_dead_pixel.jpg/120px-Lcd_display_dead_pixel.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Lcd_display_dead_pixel.jpg/180px-Lcd_display_dead_pixel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Lcd_display_dead_pixel.jpg/240px-Lcd_display_dead_pixel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Liquid-crystal_display" title="Liquid-crystal display">LCD</a> (Triangular <a href="/wiki/Pixel_geometry" title="Pixel geometry">pixel geometry</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shadow_mask_closeup_cursor.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="CRT (shadow mask)"><img alt="CRT (shadow mask)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Shadow_mask_closeup_cursor.jpg/69px-Shadow_mask_closeup_cursor.jpg" decoding="async" width="69" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Shadow_mask_closeup_cursor.jpg/103px-Shadow_mask_closeup_cursor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Shadow_mask_closeup_cursor.jpg/137px-Shadow_mask_closeup_cursor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="580" data-file-height="1012" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cathode-ray_tube" title="Cathode-ray tube">CRT</a> (shadow mask)</div> </li> </ul> <ul><li>Narrowscreen 4:3 computer <a href="/wiki/Display_resolution" title="Display resolution">display resolutions</a> <ul><li>320×200: <a href="/wiki/Multi-Color_Graphics_Array" title="Multi-Color Graphics Array">MCGA</a></li> <li>320×240: QVGA</li> <li>640×350: <a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Graphics_Adapter" title="Enhanced Graphics Adapter">EGA</a></li> <li>640×480: <a href="/wiki/Video_Graphics_Array" title="Video Graphics Array">VGA</a></li> <li>800×600: <a href="/wiki/Super_VGA" title="Super VGA">Super VGA</a></li> <li>1024×768: XGA / EVGA</li> <li>1600×1200: UXGA</li></ul></li> <li>Analog <ul><li>320×200: <a href="/wiki/CRT_monitor" class="mw-redirect" title="CRT monitor">CRT monitors</a></li> <li>333×480: <a href="/wiki/VHS" title="VHS">VHS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Video8" class="mw-redirect" title="Video8">Video8</a>, <a href="/wiki/Umatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Umatic">Umatic</a></li> <li>350×480: <a href="/wiki/Betamax" title="Betamax">Betamax</a></li> <li>420×480: Super Betamax, <a href="/wiki/Betacam" title="Betacam">Betacam</a></li> <li>460×480: Betacam SP, Umatic SP, NTSC (Over-The-Air TV)</li> <li>580×480: <a href="/wiki/Super_VHS" class="mw-redirect" title="Super VHS">Super VHS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hi8" class="mw-redirect" title="Hi8">Hi8</a>, <a href="/wiki/LaserDisc" title="LaserDisc">LaserDisc</a></li> <li>700×480: Enhanced Definition Betamax, Analog broadcast limit (<a href="/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC">NTSC</a>)</li> <li>768×576: Analog broadcast limit (<a href="/wiki/PAL" title="PAL">PAL</a>, <a href="/wiki/SECAM" title="SECAM">SECAM</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>Digital <ul><li>352×240: <a href="/wiki/Video_CD" title="Video CD">Video CD</a></li> <li>500×480: <a href="/wiki/Digital8" title="Digital8">Digital8</a></li> <li>720×480: <a href="/wiki/D-VHS" title="D-VHS">D-VHS</a>, <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a>, <a href="/wiki/MiniDV" class="mw-redirect" title="MiniDV">miniDV</a>, Digital Betacam (NTSC)</li> <li>720×480: Widescreen DVD (anamorphic) (NTSC)</li> <li>854×480: EDTV (Enhanced Definition Television)</li> <li>720×576: <a href="/wiki/D-VHS" title="D-VHS">D-VHS</a>, <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a>, <a href="/wiki/MiniDV" class="mw-redirect" title="MiniDV">miniDV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Digital8" title="Digital8">Digital8</a>, Digital Betacam (PAL/SECAM)</li> <li>720×576 or 1024 x 576: Widescreen DVD (anamorphic) (PAL/SECAM)</li> <li>1280×720: D-VHS, <a href="/wiki/HD_DVD" title="HD DVD">HD DVD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">Blu-ray</a>, HDV (miniDV)</li> <li>1440×1080: HDV (miniDV)</li> <li>1920×1080: HDV (miniDV), AVCHD, HD DVD, Blu-ray, HDCAM SR</li> <li>1998×1080: 2K Flat (1.85:1)</li> <li>2048×1080: 2K Digital Cinema</li> <li>3840×2160: <a href="/wiki/4K_resolution#Resolutions" title="4K resolution">4K UHDTV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ultra_HD_Blu-ray" title="Ultra HD Blu-ray">Ultra HD Blu-ray</a></li> <li>4096×2160: <a href="/wiki/4K_resolution" title="4K resolution">4K Digital Cinema</a></li> <li>7680×4320: <a href="/wiki/8K_resolution" title="8K resolution">8K UHDTV</a></li> <li>15360×8640: <a href="/wiki/16k_resolution" class="mw-redirect" title="16k resolution">16K Digital Cinema</a></li> <li>30720x17280: <a href="/wiki/32K_resolution" title="32K resolution">32K</a></li> <li>Sequences from newer films are scanned at 2,000, 4,000, or even 8,000 columns, called <a href="/wiki/Digital_cinema" title="Digital cinema">2K, 4K, and 8K</a>, for quality visual-effects editing on computers.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMAX" title="IMAX">IMAX</a>, including IMAX HD and OMNIMAX: approximately 10,000×7,000 (7,000 lines) resolution. It is about 70 MP, which is currently highest-resolution single-sensor digital cinema camera (as of January 2012).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul></li> <li>Film <ul><li><a href="/wiki/35_mm_movie_film" title="35 mm movie film">35 mm film</a> is scanned for release on DVD at 1080 or 2000 lines as of 2005.</li> <li>The actual resolution of 35 mm <a href="/wiki/Original_camera_negative" title="Original camera negative">original camera negatives</a> is the subject of much debate. Measured resolutions of negative film have ranged from 25–200 LP/mm, which equates to a range of 325 lines for <a href="/wiki/2-perf_pulldown" class="mw-redirect" title="2-perf pulldown">2-perf</a>, to (theoretically) over 2300 lines for <a href="/wiki/Negative_pulldown" title="Negative pulldown">4-perf</a> shot on T-Max 100.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kodak" title="Kodak">Kodak</a> states that 35 mm film has the equivalent of 6K resolution horizontally according to a Senior Vice President of IMAX.<sup id="cite_ref-IMAX_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMAX-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>Print</li></ul> <table class="wikitable sortable alternance" style="text-align:center; width:400px;"> <tbody><tr> <th width="100px">PPI</th> <th width="150px">Pixels</th> <th width="150px">mm </th></tr> <tr> <td>800</td> <td>1000</td> <td>31.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>300</td> <td>1000</td> <td>84.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>200</td> <td>1000</td> <td>127 </td></tr> <tr> <td>72</td> <td>1000</td> <td>352.8 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable alternance" style="text-align:center; width:400px;"> <tbody><tr> <th width="100px">PPI</th> <th width="150px">Pixels</th> <th width="150px">mm </th></tr> <tr> <td>800</td> <td>3150</td> <td>100 </td></tr> <tr> <td>300</td> <td>1181</td> <td>100 </td></tr> <tr> <td>200</td> <td>787</td> <td>100 </td></tr> <tr> <td>72</td> <td>283</td> <td>100 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable alternance" style="text-align:center; width:500px;"> <tbody><tr> <th width="100px">PPI</th> <th width="150px">Pixels</th> <th width="150px">mm</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Paper_size" title="Paper size">Paper size</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>300</td> <td>9921×14008</td> <td>840×1186</td> <td>A0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>300</td> <td>7016×9921</td> <td>594×840</td> <td>A1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>300</td> <td>4961×7016</td> <td>420×594</td> <td>A2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>300</td> <td>3508×4961</td> <td>297×420</td> <td>A3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>300</td> <td>2480×3508</td> <td>210×297</td> <td>A4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>300</td> <td>1748×2480</td> <td>148×210</td> <td>A5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>300</td> <td>1240×1748</td> <td>105×148</td> <td>A6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>300</td> <td>874×1240</td> <td>74×105</td> <td>A7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>300</td> <td>614×874</td> <td>52×74</td> <td>A8 </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Modern digital camera resolutions <ul><li>Digital medium format camera – single, not combined one large digital sensor – 80 MP (starting from 2011, current as of 2013) – 10320 × 7752 or 10380 × 7816 (81.1 MP).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Mobile phone – <a href="/wiki/Nokia_808_PureView" title="Nokia 808 PureView">Nokia 808 PureView</a> – 41 MP (7728 × 5368), <a href="/wiki/Nokia_Lumia_1020" title="Nokia Lumia 1020">Nokia Lumia 1020</a> – also 41 MP (7712 × 5360)</li> <li>Digital still camera – <a href="/wiki/Canon_EOS_5DS" title="Canon EOS 5DS">Canon EOS 5DS</a> – 51 MP (8688 × 5792)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Image_resolution&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Display_resolution" title="Display resolution">Display resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dots_per_inch" title="Dots per inch">Dots per inch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-exposure_HDR_capture" title="Multi-exposure HDR capture">Multi-exposure HDR capture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-resolution_picture_transmission" title="High-resolution picture transmission">High-resolution picture transmission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_scaling" title="Image scaling">Image scaling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_scanner" title="Image scanner">Image scanner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kell_factor" title="Kell factor">Kell factor</a>, which typically limits the number of visible lines to 0.7x of the device resolution</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_density" title="Pixel density">Pixel density</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Image_resolution&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.cipa.jp/std/documents/e/DCG-001_E.pdf">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170202125644/http://www.cipa.jp/std/documents/e/DCG-001_E.pdf">Archived</a> 2017-02-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Guideline for Noting Digital Camera Specifications in Catalogs. "The term 'Resolution' shall not be used for the number of recorded pixels"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051126202022/http://webstore.ansi.org/ansidocstore/product.asp?sku=ANSI%2FI3A+IT10%2E7000%2D2004">ANSI/I3A IT10.7000–2004</a> Photography – Digital Still Cameras – Guidelines for Reporting Pixel-Related Specifications</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170807190919/http://www.derose.net/steve/resources/video-resolution.html">"Video resolution comparison chart"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.derose.net/steve/resources/video-resolution.html">the original</a> on 2017-08-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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