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E.g. [[20th meridian west|20° west]] is the antimeridian of [[160th meridian east|160° east]].</ref> is the [[meridian (geography)|meridian]] 180° both east and west of the [[prime meridian]] in a [[Geographic coordinate system|geographical coordinate system]]. The [[longitude]] at this line can be given as either [[east]] or [[west]]. On [[Earth]], the prime and 180th meridians form a [[great circle]] that divides the planet into the [[Western Hemisphere|Western]] and [[Eastern Hemisphere]]s. The antimeridian passes mostly through the open waters of the [[Pacific Ocean]] but also runs across land in [[Russia]], [[Fiji]], and [[Antarctica]]. An important function of this meridian is its use as the basis for the [[International Date Line]], which snakes around national borders to maintain date consistency within the territories of Russia, the United States, Kiribati, Fiji and New Zealand. Starting at the [[North Pole]] of the Earth and heading south to the [[South Pole]], the 180th meridian passes through: {| class="wikitable" ! Width="125"|Co-ordinates<br />(approximate) ! Country, territory or sea ! Notes |-valign="top" | style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|90|0|N|180|0|E|type:waterbody|name=Arctic Ocean}} | style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Arctic Ocean]] | style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[North Pole]] |-valign="top" | {{Coord|71|32|N|180|0|E|type:country|name=Russia}} | {{RUS}} | [[Chukotka Autonomous Okrug]] — [[Wrangel Island]] |-valign="top" | style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|70|58|N|180|0|E|type:waterbody|name=Chukchi Sea}} | style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Chukchi Sea]] | style="background:#b0e0e6;" | |-valign="top" | {{Coord|68|59|N|180|0|E|type:country|name=Russia}} | {{RUS}} | [[Chukotka Autonomous Okrug]] |-valign="top" | style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|65|02|N|180|0|E|type:waterbody|name=Bering Sea}} | style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Bering Sea]] | style="background:#b0e0e6;" | |-valign="top" | style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|52|0|N|180|0|E|type:waterbody|name=Amchitka Pass}} | style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Amchitka Pass]] | style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just east of [[Semisopochnoi Island]], [[Alaska]], {{USA}} (at {{Coord|51|57|N|179|47|E|type:isle|name=Semisopochnoi Island}}) |-valign="top" | style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|51|0|N|180|0|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}} | style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]] | style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just east of [[Nukulaelae]] atoll, {{TUV}} (at {{Coord|9|25|S|179|52|E|type:isle|name=Nukulaelae atoll}})<br/> Passing just west of the island of [[Cikobia-i-Lau]], {{FJI}} (at {{Coord|15|43|S|179|59|W|type:isle|name=Cikobia}}) |-valign="top" | {{Coord|16|9|S|180|0|E|type:country|name=Fiji}} | {{FJI}} | Islands of [[Vanua Levu]], [[Rabi Island|Rabi]], and [[Taveuni]] |-valign="top" | style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|16|59|S|180|0|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}} | style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]] | style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just east of the island of [[Moala Island|Moala]], {{FJI}} (at {{Coord|18|33|S|179|57|E|type:isle|name=Moala}})<br/> Passing just west of the island of [[Totoya]], {{FJI}} (at {{Coord|19|0|S|179|52|W|type:isle|name=Totoya}})<br/> Passing just east of the island of [[Matuku Island|Matuku]], {{FJI}} (at {{Coord|19|10|S|179|47|E|type:isle|name=Matuku}}) |-valign="top" | style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|60|0|S|180|0|E|type:waterbody|name=Southern Ocean}} | style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Southern Ocean]] | style="background:#b0e0e6;" | |-valign="top" | {{Coord|78|13|S|180|0|E|type:country|name=Antarctica}} | [[Antarctica]] | [[Ross Dependency]], [[List of Antarctic territorial claims|claimed]] by {{NZL}} |-valign="top" | {{Coord|90|0|S|180|0|E|type:city|name=Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station}} | [[Antarctica]] | [[Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station]], [[South Pole]] |} [[File:TodayYesterday.jpg|thumb|180° Meridian, [[Taveuni]], [[Fiji]]. The man pictured is facing southward.]] The meridian also passes between (but not particularly close to): *through the [[Aleutian Islands|Aleutian Island]] chain of US territory *the [[Gilbert Islands]] and the [[Phoenix Islands]] of [[Kiribati]] *[[North Island]] and the [[Kermadec Islands]] of [[New Zealand]] *the [[Bounty Islands]] and the [[Chatham Islands]], also of New Zealand The only places where roads cross this meridian are in Fiji and Russia. Fiji has several such roads and some buildings very close to it. Russia has three roads in the [[Chukotka Autonomous Okrug]].  ==Software representation problems== Many geographic software libraries or data formats project the world to a rectangle; very often this rectangle is split exactly at the 180th meridian. This often makes it non-trivial to do simple tasks (like representing an area, or a line) over the 180th meridian. Some examples: * The [[GeoJSON]] specification strongly suggests splitting geometries so that neither of their parts cross the antimeridian.<ref>{{Cite ietf|rfc=7946 |section=3.1.9|title=RFC 7946 – The GeoJSON Format|year=2016 |doi=10.17487/RFC7946 |last1=Butler |first1=H. |last2=Daly |first2=M. |last3=Doyle |first3=A. |last4=Gillies |first4=S. |last5=Hagen |first5=S. |last6=Schaub |first6=T. |doi-access=free }}</ref> * In [[OpenStreetMap]], areas (like the boundary of Russia) are split at the 180th meridian. * [[QGIS]] may present lines and polygons in a wrapped way if they cross the 180 meridian. ==See also== *[[179th meridian east]] *[[179th meridian west]] *[[Prime meridian]] *[[International Date Line]] ==Notes== {{Reflist}} {{-}} {{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}} {{Time measurement and standards}} [[Category:Meridians (geography)|m180 meridian]] [[Category:Pacific Ocean]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p><span 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