CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913582740fce481c',cH: 'rUmr0Qj_cfOeqNjSmhWxakZrOVVv1IfFjHHQzEV52YA-1739792499-1.2.1.1-tya36EGbL0trQshtF7qwMszm7__QestWBJ9sMkgW5Fyt3z8FqIHTPMZAbFKEq8N_',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=teaching%20children&__cf_chl_tk=2OMr4M5P_2m.aj0mgc5l94LhqBerFJ54XlUE5TptuZQ-1739792499-1.0.1.1-3FRRBjAz7gp_tLGoy9.i8VbvE9K_ovyDaB7Ty9CxSrk",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739792499',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=teaching%20children&__cf_chl_f_tk=2OMr4M5P_2m.aj0mgc5l94LhqBerFJ54XlUE5TptuZQ-1739792499-1.0.1.1-3FRRBjAz7gp_tLGoy9.i8VbvE9K_ovyDaB7Ty9CxSrk",md: "4cIEFnD3dFuR.8Cj7HW.QStB_s3kuSgmy8rcf30We40-1739792499-1.2.1.1-QaRioofz0d3l81Cqe4pYEF8cjsWEFUlMBSQ6Fzk5Njm1Ejg_1ZwkI31k5Y1Wvms2W4elSw.LLNcBZDDD52apKuMbJPfLvC.HA545iPBUPO7FuwW596qRXfFHkv.zCKHWGD..l7Ssa0X7PC4jiTLnJTDalhjb9envK7AjGLehkAJt1nPnDMJ4KL_.FW2T1kYRG.xHmAVS7jVF_1.k042MNvOM2i3UuzwibtIpoIFYEJUZXf6kORiR6gHFKjRPWPOxh9.zBr2EA89NK0SUvrRwmyTLLXtAIsqeH9JQBjZ91KVz.iwJZuY4C.EUC0rEF9NXEhs4asmqpqRfvIifbW.wwVThHg7kJiGoQUIFV4XGSkOgxXT4vdc12B3Dd269CiktTPwTGnVLBLuv2mfw9Tz6aHAHF7yn4KYy.TbF7HPIhZnixWtqZtg3T7cNdxVNMcu3w6V1JlRofsmTw6wtbH_IXRxCUevBKdSlZLF4atEDnjdJy5q0Mxp7kYJ2muHmNn1ashemfaLfnqvymmBroydjYT3yRzlG.AOrvU0b7rfe2b3R76nTvEhU.loE7Qo1odPewbSwfqfUN9i7mR6hixxIB4UzTmBsrNEomkp4cFDCM6JRi8_kvXnVw5S69BzCWEh7qTINh5SKB9oWGCIIK.dnztSABcrrY95ARF6yvBD8vW4UqUWtwHiyEtZM5NjLNuXrIA5NHZHJbpqk6fryEj6F8its.FUaeXxdtUCFgYB1W8EApz6x7Cs8LljfNd2jDLyC5ZmE5Pb5opQbyebsn.SE7C9KAC46anFw8h0kAie4BnvW5vYP3av7FIGRzzQy4Ax8xfxiEEPKEncmMlZpAk_DAUrJprulXJiThJcWM3AgnN9MtX9hlPaqE01_c6yCtUCPafEoJ.mvOMtqoP0sEB8IWsSd84RTGYs9y43H1X2EV6QQbF7zqFbM7ZwmYiEFRP9gqpIhIftWrme8_v_G4LwmSr9f67YfbAjgjgiDcglCai1rN7dNa976vSyG4rmCkrqQoA.OdQIhOXiLKSpHcIvSB3q3A9wOt4DAX8qkFBVTA79SBLMRxEnjtTvZN3RJR8Y14gBGh1n9IGjtWLl0sm7R87pvZEfBcpqpnGeEBBn2_oqWsoqCZhgunADBXZ3lE8pek9i0Cd4Sm8uk8OajZNFt2z75aA2oxP_YjqdmwnrO_IxpkDRNzNAo93reXIw_ZpAnwV.e8s8YuMXy3z19kbdOwfYRSc21BYn9dYeBtlsk7EKoRS4MfZOlXcmG03x6tVETHadHqd1uqRdZKDHvMwzwOUExcDOxKkceK4u.FSFR2zJboCvTIoDUL21LCKlrzvTZFAUu1Hril8Rnn54rA2vTTDZaQJKxi1ca2WeUIIDCcilT3lpJbx2jq5JOyS21FTkCrBMzJkZpVq8nr2uaZ3PQ_E.dCPsvWPj5CnF9lg.haT8pBWPfl2QfkjXnBwMoVQLoVN78g9XKau2hMuGnZYCXBWbI.pNm50h4lbVOr52jMoP0ctrT.Za0t7WKsf0pHCrOlpTVaGdIBfxLxGG8xOd26dUwKSA6qHQ5o6NkdTTZcq3EoHGl2EoaAuQ.EvS9pzs62n2pWA7dVG6haDLHbGPPcrCoN6igO.P0XyEd3nGm7wxzNBbh96nDPbSGg1SUqc04ZtrxV6dNEZIMi8s5OT9G.rboYwLt6GFOIqqncRA8yDDTr.pN.Fsf1T.mHdZbCiejPLKD9.OZ.1uztj4GVKDRPB_QY5JdpzBeLnbq1MfdOoYWIRTYwhbQ68EquhxxNh94MbIsXKxDw.v0LY63KxL2tCkiVzWlJ9dB3oDFlDE.NuGNEjZVfDQOj.UO7znaY0iYGi5bQud6TUDcT6yY2B5STSygQW9H0l.hRSRFV.PbVAYzhDnXKOy5WHkXP.7Lf72TJT_mSpGHQMA92sWxCXZEXhe9dgIZ_xy_5Ze0pL_eYQs",mdrd: "nsLIgjc7JSFnHHqSr5nAkLWNQY06F7WFYyfAX.cJlQw-1739792499-1.2.1.1-rsGLxl8E8XYEXFjoY19jTDAQl6DUDxLHQwztu6UA4z5nGLcW3gH8T2eIMYv9S8fs9Qp1ThyIuVV_7DVfEAglueMxUw5g_HNaV2mpLdYR31qlmOOuetpPxw1vfypArjtcESMXKNvnBzfR3.26LPu4cND0wRVV10YThV25R8maFyMBItYDQMNj0HooQYlBSAHw4s3fb4xaII8ZERURwMrEP8CQKMPpUDc4p5jx.9cPxb0Mp_xz4YohwdY_EbwuAh45wzBgk9qcOGxAYwLmxrauDZWWxrHU4lmX5k1i91NCGwIBVo6wGRILJphsT8WsQM8l.wWELSON2L7NZX_zI0hwpKtGkqv2nVVym0saco7_5o1cJplDgIW.eII5M4TMh.s.V3HGwia7a_1A7eRACbk3A3QJF93Rj1YlIN498owwl2Yf5UnmUu_zPupN_rFAirTvaYiR6ldoPOoHRU7bouuzKDzIZ6DAYOoZUDY2Ljy0C8tF2JuyOKA8PTddTjlRGhK4JegODtLxpiY0Fs_A1wos04gV1paDe8VAYL8CaYveWQAWPAABRp09KAu6aks1mpSDVg6euDDX5FyU3jVipb0e0ulHOtbOc8IlYwGPbTl81kE9bjwE3RW0LWFegDWvgQOZxC5T6YQGqisp6eV.NdgM7gs6km3qjVe_f3hUD4xhb7.y2obUAEiYBj2yj8HI3Bm7G398j8jm1e6XsEkYbzNrsG1ODNQ0PYNbkb5f7985DaPm8njjfAk2NZl34Dk16zGO2r._m2UFD4tOcr1ETTXKwUgikhxuVOfOxDPf7Sz_eThFBqtjxrE87I0AHyAdWp9c4F3la1kEneDqjC3iRrtZXBLMWaudcrhaaaSMGl_j3.yQlN2gTLJfmxpiTM5nQJIgBojIZkIF4Uii_Op1tQ1ncAukXt4bokIwCqhm1zyGE6fmgRFSXkVIRWDkGmQNT.94J824DCII5vmRYbZUqkwlZ.V4LyQRgL56VsNdqtxQMrt8KCZKWVddmKeFrgl23Weogz.ToeFtq7uhxZdwY3ZkQPhVFxk3JbQeLKVsBXjtWN68Hm6NjcVkNsIWeEaeIYPLGEtdzPGw8ZljUkojRbmuCJtafFhyHEfJOBplyE1RkP_VDNhIJmleLyXBWHvmKxN7ynIRA83s.rhdfA3lqHC8.KKxQ42k8i0RggvXG1URI6aX9YY3ZjBpt_SwA0oCdeOsTBl4.urWbv1ayfEguBuTJq3BlvUBHsSnaplZ1bH2.ge3QuVoESgnrs4L7Xe3zmdpNisQONNHdCPKFdZZxzf0b0JUbaIVeqtxqffx5eo6x_b512nJzyUrakdI6jHTl7HgABcsqlAPtMY5scd4e5PjLNSZW78tSy4eFsMA4N1JIulWo5j68M5qSN8Vgk6pe_SXdTryc8Z8CNWM73Ash4jScFfdI62VzZbOgqu0I71V9af1m.qzh8FsDNc6rx7LlZNIWGIDS7PPr6Jppru39WuVUeTiAHhNIRqawMpEnSdVbxM6S6XdYbkbc5wEbSB_JqsLqdMtD5Qq4XzqMt1n9UmfBvvhgHwc5OGt9jRHdidJJe1zfaedP2AnqxNA6DmpAp3Zi9GfNuZs1rohqWRUxY4bMRW.QrM7VA4KRSpf1oR7rf4xLMCNT6sjBL3g0V37vkkNS6Ymqkje0LVfkUskShzIPXB7p8882XincIsiFO97PQoqTi_.yOMmcHVPDUx9ceyEtDGrOXrmlBg7jBz6vLHZoWIrFj359JDcL2I1b43DWtz6c608ZWk.yBSmROTgLOjCHBOu0o9E8ayrH2gFlmGoBl7h.Sm7nLkl_Ac1ql6VIaScMAWVKaX7.PNGqSRbQAmCU9KsF8_4W6wfuj7UrgPRXseoDC6o3.8YgdC1vYNA67sX5ud_M6pRjD9MyXmY2siCAKv7uiPPPlcNLjQ5zHkKXII5xKbzryzR7.mTdhplO8yN3eK3fbWjQAXL23N.ocHS"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913582740fce481c';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=teaching%20children&__cf_chl_rt_tk=2OMr4M5P_2m.aj0mgc5l94LhqBerFJ54XlUE5TptuZQ-1739792499-1.0.1.1-3FRRBjAz7gp_tLGoy9.i8VbvE9K_ovyDaB7Ty9CxSrk" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>