CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9136b8fc6d45d439',cH: 'rjdK7STLQZZWZCXA4BHCX4pQf_BBEHq3nv9vTnYMs3o-1739805219-1.2.1.1-7ZEpPWXINpmF8BRbknUut1oOgJP2PypvXCbIowm7.CgnyN0.5mK5km69QcR3iylP',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=constant%20area-mixing&__cf_chl_tk=N0jryMmXhzQOlhUcxW.HpX0JL6HANbPefLBQ7y2Z5vE-1739805219-1.0.1.1-_XZqJvwi2lAPU0lBIUWZ6UX6WRuWi3EFV3QKLZHwxOc",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739805219',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=constant%20area-mixing&__cf_chl_f_tk=N0jryMmXhzQOlhUcxW.HpX0JL6HANbPefLBQ7y2Z5vE-1739805219-1.0.1.1-_XZqJvwi2lAPU0lBIUWZ6UX6WRuWi3EFV3QKLZHwxOc",md: "mmbO2GIjuQTjo4rZnKoMthBp3sChJ8ZID0yP03D_zNg-1739805219-1.2.1.1-BSYdQFzpaFfubHl8EDJNBd1z_SjfM7cHsSLWX5ANNFUzvsG_H7NLOOpzCyt7D9jyiEjcK5xJUEaT1R4Vhgs0zkmYStcu3n9d4HN17ecXrE.W1W0lF75n25LLmAEuT9wPYE8ycAQWfT4fZPKjEjGN4y8m_VA7_r6KWUKLCb9X_UrMLidkb3_EqaIl0KMASFL.vWRDJdZH7Hzwg.CBB7JABMUTJL9S5WtMk8wRrIRUQFW8Y0iPB18LMoWBU95ZCRYldJLcSw_xlxB4c9C6ttpgZiA9aYhB3P46jcmROLzFIiFnTrOnFhztv.9h4CzQuazxeteIJ4uJsDS7Nkoj3q94cfCnWSS9BcoF_2RC0IjYqoHTocJKjtrzJS1O3kN3gJburxWEZA_dBvsMGUvUnDWeNw2myJI1Lw3jihi3JrvWvh7ehpAjVdFjdp7ecRddxo3HHQTrI2nxOQkF0GlQzNZ6eNclfJFJ_n83rmtEJo1Jc8nzNvn45kqfKPeFZPwRCnrK2LPbGwVvGwwG8UHPoWMH5F71RavuDjJPKDQxsdA2SWRg3UnFoH2S9sUecWcesiLUVOXOgHIdW2iVrkfn4Lwc0AgUS.StwbszcbHOsEQz.pNXNo3RCQy7RkgHPL7W_VXOxy5zisUuaMSfi97gATiDCje3KgI.c9MiCr_Nqt9S24rm2MZ3v5VPrHA.YjFPMZfsWerbwQZuYdFrK24cLTHIvaxKMX32BkbbDFPxljf5OZ27maVgKdWQR4gO1hbfqdMKdWJrbHHvzWjhAXhp4bADtGVcGLX3yx3p_T57ZkbiwAoSZ8NFnLxFQ__7x3jP4LXvRxvqCh8QOi67tC9Nxaku7W5sdpRGeC9tz_sr3crWrns16p.YLBLrONhCOtpW8hSRx5HUaDz3UJRR0_IXR8nQHlaePDXhCtFgG1fZeQKlbuIid9Hco2yUzLIvs8rhid67VmIElsGxuWc0Iw9yQVw5ehlsWK8Jf.J3ofLTGssAt5AO.LQ8yMuy9BrKSo5WcjNsYsA4pnGFCzqQK16c6zyEMyceZ0aJT598M8WH2QwwSS7c.gz49pNCCeUrlSQr0zmoWcw6mugxoXfJI9dSQT9FptmIRGXGxmEAPO12iF5gHqgLRUQmT6QubvWTqGhhR2I6ko0Js8FWa4Swp__b6JOzIA4VfL3MLsPtUmwFkXlZP3ECDyAvvSFOy70C3q48ZcYUQ1I6qVeqQJ1_0WSa1YGTjfyGJxvBQdqHQGp4qUjcd4sG1i84LOKVJTePpLeI4gKmQZR.WCcczHCHbfcJp77ZYGl9w.uwDPMxnl_u4q8zocRsf.6PYOAru2JNqULgZ814l1FTNesgcJviOX4xZUWw.GxcImElp5wc5P0nwC6wxWAH2cycoIEgKlfsXBzcNo.Z1K_48Cm801tclGVo.5YbfHEwyCkw56YahLh58.ZpgTUCPBEfgbBWgZ0OuwNMrmr3RMCOSMRPf3TTdNGhAuxUBlWi5bmQgUURggb7EVRHFuqKP3D3JEFBBSNFNbp7j8KlFUqKyGWRowtDnytRKLLm6kXiGsbwhizbwAbfN0SYQe_UNd8Fao1.b84MYQhpEh09mJ7khXlx8k1.PUsHP4mT0YyRNFf8KXS5_nyioD4QWKF.mJncoCxc.hvdy3mLLJG3gYqyNPb9YLgJgaa3HR9DFyzx.9UXj6YhOuROmLqSEOPEgVug4IqWMST0zxACMr5Vg2z6ySfS1mGorB24uQdbaKSOtTgwSZbXnbZCS22tewe1H7HmS6NtIkZbd_utd4xMjJZbkKS.7eP5BV7.6LFIuHIGYIjwf0JXYjoUCVH9PnzNONJBzSZrq.v6nulNKoNQ81dqe1jO.RdZOkn0kZmtuusxOtWNFMg_9x_EzQpfIChcZ.eedpex1Huj9MlF7fMqAU1vTYJE9Rkvy9tlweFhrPoqtTLMEj0f9jjpqwYfASvhM_SNla5rt8V_6gbhW1qe",mdrd: "IUmF6Fi5sLvHIYAcBVXzfwdbp3Erux0DnyAXvFHKb34-1739805219-1.2.1.1-_gAohkgyFXwxG4K0xc0N0oxlgGzsoaJe763Qx7jdeRhPBY0Qnu3paTOuSl50Wc3E2EsTuzc1sgjn5dILm1WVO5MEKUt_cGwx4l0krl53bNhiVkXmeyUbRA7F6e3keiQcoBaoxvKaVf9qXUkTFGccSPxPS7Yb3G1SKQeDo6CGSYaRQ5MakPN_vXUC__9l.hJ2uTHF14Y.iiUVl1lHaN4kX0yiyx8LvfBhL_3PERalyYzHf.iQP4I.MRdKpWpRqkr98UF.o050Fafk6w6b570ogvj4eC8LdfTr6aIWw_2ad7_PdBVujIotEVQDSi.2SJ8fO6IDoCbcs0AAPvxvaZuAFxkPJcNYmGc5xJ1xM1RKRTSwuwqNrRMW3NRayp72YDeIHJB4VWN9fmH_rt_JyIbrFb13gSit5FbzK6j.daR_O.ZQFJdrmRnzxoXXubYiaaGkUQEQFbrKyAsVW17ENTGcxIbrb0hYS5e5zlcz_n6QGFbG2UADZ.qVNfRkBvtAPXRjo3UOlGjxUpePaQJGmQdPsRUz2Oh45ydI24ZdtEDqHv3rZt7ngtPrZpRxBscWCGtNOv47BFvu2LdVud_npN13Ea5M8n4UyXJDkinPgzk9YqB4gouvQ5OAp.vDubIlsrc0msH8R126PeHTBS6BoU_DPTTOkkRu1D7OzTAJI5cq6P1ltaH.gQywGTvbF8F1J17OEaHj46yQbJRjLrD7q9DHaMcQ.ADHY2v_iJmK2_Wp7KNZpTG6nMtiwE1BjYM.O0SUYB426drd8B.kEfm0CL1.wTOsBp4Xzv1jHsXvs8H6bSgq8.2YER4bO8o4Nb0O88CwMWTR2VsNykvzaEVlnZBOUHc8YOa6YGlqzj0cxg6t1BVHzXxCjRIRZLxbqS7jKQhGR1L3sdQ9lai1RTFN7NwPYrll8VOT7YzyzBJSEwiBFk2BADfYKnlcTIq2ks1qG6TV3NMHOw9KBo9O2LQ1FSbCQspk1slPePKN38rgwwkPzXX_RIb5ns1okPRMUXY.lt3cVX4Zx5FFnZ6qAS1IuLzcJcQGGEc3sdBD2drjwuE6j7hctTvbUcSo8dsIb_5.KMfdegRCd2yh4ZotKE6aQtayeraoKg2ZJ8UA5YKy3PAsLX4LcpxNZS_7J._9Vwz2PMKjUstjzLPTaiylpZ7WhzEVFc_LJr2OFvXtyVAR5CXldebFH2qCmq1uXZXS4I5l5mfuaEG__x5PUOVg60Z5hds_NqFZi3gYmh__2c5Wsu.49qkygHohGsyIe2DXNtejISg.BO3qlBfaCfl1cXmm0A7bxLogHgU7Nup0fDO.Np6XDM2ceGGlzZEO96xtmuoic8u5VJPrULLDpV2ZqayyUmjwb8BIj6cxGGzs1TwfN8DIMc4wLaMQm.zUn82LGRDR9Cwq4FsD6jGQ7u7DLbfUt4mILVIjg60XHJfq5LwAb.m5QX7UxGCd9U9UmqhhfMUyX3AdZ1JTXBFo9czNRHo6_ormadEjBYo97Xd6KlnD.GmXa1hbxlgj8HT_9bafKhqf3C0VqckfOqS1yYTm1.WF9tLlTaXUZo_F..ueOdZaJ5PXhj3yRN6VwihLS8LGFdOb9alzOsQuMavUaTByLHBSC3i01.O7QTByIoupeHp20yHErU1ZNsWIN3.4LAzkw4n5LQvrq9fXYiuoTjpmbNjX1vEBoO31mt_xwBhB8.c2327Jec2FDsnW95lY_lz4ZnEFL1pBH.RCnSmc4s08FyT.7OJ.O7odk_imsAuJh8chraCY6oL7zDTGpE4LhCgbnpchdZ37qTqqqqSzLplkv5i8X_ZwYINc2JJnwAkcAed7M9Jr2y1XBeiNYQhDvfdvgUsFB6VnFpHoIFCEuAdWZYoCwJgnS07uTisA3LBBrKslZDPFLeGUZwyTuGfhpXM8Y84z9iNGo7gMb3XggGyKtaDmFZ0a6JIZ.SiF5mj5__G_RUMyuhis2_w61rDde517xbyiZKmh"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9136b8fc6d45d439';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=constant%20area-mixing&__cf_chl_rt_tk=N0jryMmXhzQOlhUcxW.HpX0JL6HANbPefLBQ7y2Z5vE-1739805219-1.0.1.1-_XZqJvwi2lAPU0lBIUWZ6UX6WRuWi3EFV3QKLZHwxOc" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>