CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="pl" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Angstrem – Wikipedia, wolna encyklopedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )plwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","styczeń","luty","marzec","kwiecień","maj","czerwiec","lipiec","sierpień","wrzesień","październik","listopad","grudzień"],"wgRequestId":"917b73a3-1ab5-497c-99e5-7ba1c8f5b47b","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Angstrem","wgTitle":"Angstrem","wgCurRevisionId":71823434,"wgRevisionId":71823434,"wgArticleId":271,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Jednostki wielkości pochodzące od nazwisk"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"pl","wgPageContentLanguage":"pl","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Angstrem","wgRelevantArticleId":271,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"accuracy":{"levels":1}}},"wgStableRevisionId":71823434, "wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"pl","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"pl"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":3000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q81454","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.wikiflex":"ready","ext.gadget.infobox":"ready", "ext.gadget.hlist":"ready","ext.gadget.darkmode-overrides":"ready","ext.gadget.small-references":"ready","ext.gadget.citation-access-info":"ready","ext.gadget.sprawdz-problemy-szablony":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.math.styles":"ready","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.flaggedRevs.basic":"ready","mediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP", "ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.flaggedRevs.advanced","ext.gadget.ll-script-loader","ext.gadget.veKeepParameters","ext.gadget.szablon-galeria","ext.gadget.NavFrame","ext.gadget.citoid-overrides","ext.gadget.maps","ext.gadget.padlock-indicators","ext.gadget.interwiki-langlist","ext.gadget.edit-summaries","ext.gadget.edit-first-section","ext.gadget.wikibugs","ext.gadget.map-toggler","ext.gadget.narrowFootnoteColumns","ext.gadget.WDsearch","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=pl&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.flaggedRevs.basic%7Cext.math.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=pl&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=pl&modules=ext.gadget.citation-access-info%2Cdarkmode-overrides%2Chlist%2Cinfobox%2Csmall-references%2Csprawdz-problemy-szablony%2Cwikiflex&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=pl&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Angstrem – Wikipedia, wolna encyklopedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//pl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angstrem"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edytuj" href="/w/index.php?title=Angstrem&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (pl)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//pl.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angstrem"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pl"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Kanał Atom Wikipedii" href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Ostatnie_zmiany&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Angstrem rootpage-Angstrem skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Przejdź do zawartości</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu główne" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu główne</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu główne</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Nawigacja </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Strona_g%C5%82%C3%B3wna" title="Przejdź na stronę główną [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Strona główna</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Losowa_strona" title="Załaduj losową stronę [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Losuj artykuł</span></a></li><li id="n-Kategorie" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Kategorie_G%C5%82%C3%B3wne"><span>Kategorie artykułów</span></a></li><li id="n-Featured-articles" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wyr%C3%B3%C5%BCniona_zawarto%C5%9B%C4%87_Wikipedii"><span>Najlepsze artykuły</span></a></li><li id="n-FAQ" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomoc:FAQ"><span>Częste pytania (FAQ)</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-zmiany" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-zmiany" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dla czytelników </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-czytelnicy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:O_Wikipedii"><span>O Wikipedii</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt_z_wikipedystami"><span>Kontakt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-edytorzy" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-edytorzy" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dla wikipedystów </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-pierwsze-kroki" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki"><span>Pierwsze kroki</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal_wikipedyst%C3%B3w" title="O projekcie – co możesz zrobić, gdzie możesz znaleźć informacje"><span>Portal wikipedystów</span></a></li><li id="n-Noticeboard" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tablica_og%C5%82osze%C5%84"><span>Ogłoszenia</span></a></li><li id="n-Guidelines" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Zasady"><span>Zasady</span></a></li><li id="n-helppage-name" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Spis_tre%C5%9Bci"><span>Pomoc</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ostatnie_zmiany" title="Lista ostatnich zmian w Wikipedii. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Ostatnie zmiany</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Strona_g%C5%82%C3%B3wna" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="wolna encyklopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-pl.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Szukaj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Przeszukaj Wikipedię [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Szukaj</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Przeszukaj Wikipedię" aria-label="Przeszukaj Wikipedię" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Przeszukaj Wikipedię [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Specjalna:Szukaj"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Szukaj</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Narzędzia osobiste"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Wygląd"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Zmień rozmiar czcionki, szerokość oraz kolorystykę strony" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wygląd" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wygląd</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pl.wikipedia.org&uselang=pl" class=""><span>Wspomóż Wikipedię</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Utw%C3%B3rz_konto&returnto=Angstrem" title="Zachęcamy do stworzenia konta i zalogowania, ale nie jest to obowiązkowe." class=""><span>Utwórz konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Zaloguj&returnto=Angstrem" title="Zachęcamy do zalogowania się, choć nie jest to obowiązkowe. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Zaloguj się</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Więcej opcji" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Narzędzia osobiste" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Narzędzia osobiste</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu użytkownika" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pl.wikipedia.org&uselang=pl"><span>Wspomóż Wikipedię</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Utw%C3%B3rz_konto&returnto=Angstrem" title="Zachęcamy do stworzenia konta i zalogowania, ale nie jest to obowiązkowe."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Utwórz konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Zaloguj&returnto=Angstrem" title="Zachęcamy do zalogowania się, choć nie jest to obowiązkowe. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Zaloguj się</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Strony dla anonimowych edytorów <a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki" aria-label="Dowiedz się więcej na temat edytowania"><span>dowiedz się więcej</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:M%C3%B3j_wk%C5%82ad" title="Lista edycji wykonanych z tego adresu IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Edycje</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Moja_dyskusja" title="Dyskusja użytkownika dla tego adresu IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Spis treści" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Spis treści</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Użycie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Użycie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Użycie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Użycie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geneza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geneza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geneza</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geneza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zobacz_też" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zobacz_też"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Zobacz też</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zobacz_też-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Przypisy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Przypisy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Przypisy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Przypisy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Angstrem</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 85 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-85" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">85 języków</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m_(eenheid)" title="Ångström (eenheid) – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ångström (eenheid)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कर्विमान – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="कर्विमान" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%BA%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85" title="أنغستروم – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أنغستروم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81ngstrom" title="Ángstrom – asturyjski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ángstrom" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anqstrem" title="Anqstrem – azerbejdżański" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Anqstrem" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdżański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%95" title="অ্যাংস্ট্রম একক – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অ্যাংস্ট্রম একক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BC" title="Ангстрэм – białoruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ангстрэм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="białoruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BC" title="Ангстрэм – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ангстрэм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Ангстрьом – bułgarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ангстрьом" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bułgarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ongstrem" title="Ongstrem – bośniacki" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ongstrem" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bośniacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angstr%C3%B6m" title="Angström – bretoński" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Angström" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80ngstrom" title="Àngstrom – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Àngstrom" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Ангстрем – czuwaski" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ангстрем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="czuwaski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m" title="Ångström – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ångström" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85ngstr%C3%B8m" title="Ångstrøm – duński" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ångstrøm" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="duński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%86%DD%A3%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85" title="أنݣستروم – marokański arabski" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="أنݣستروم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="marokański arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m_(Einheit)" title="Ångström (Einheit) – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ångström (Einheit)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ongstr%C3%B6m" title="Ongström – estoński" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ongström" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%8F%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%BC" title="Ώνγκστρεμ – grecki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ώνγκστρεμ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angstrom" title="Angstrom – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Angstrom" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81ngstrom" title="Ángstrom – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ángstrom" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anstromo" title="Anstromo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Anstromo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m" title="Ångström – estremadurski" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Ångström" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="estremadurski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angstrom" title="Angstrom – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Angstrom" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85" title="آنگستروم – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آنگستروم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m" title="Ångström – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ångström" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angstrom" title="Angstrom – friulski" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Angstrom" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m" title="Ångström – irlandzki" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ångström" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m" title="Ångström – szkocki gaelicki" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ångström" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="szkocki gaelicki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81ngstrom" title="Ángstrom – galicyjski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ángstrom" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%B9%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A1%AC" title="옹스트롬 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="옹스트롬" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%BD%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B4" title="Անգստրեմ – ormiański" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Անգստրեմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ormiański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कर्विमान – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कर्विमान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angstrem" title="Angstrem – chorwacki" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Angstrem" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m" title="Ångström – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ångström" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m" title="Ångström – islandzki" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ångström" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m" title="Ångström – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ångström" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9D" title="אנגסטרום – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנגסטרום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E2%80%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ಆ‍ಯ್ಂಗ್ ಸ್ಟ್ರಾಮ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆ‍ಯ್ಂಗ್ ಸ್ಟ್ರಾಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ანგსტრემი – gruziński" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ანგსტრემი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruziński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Ангстрем – kazachski" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ангстрем" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazachski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Ангстрем – kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ангстрем" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m_(unitas)" title="Ångström (unitas) – łaciński" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ångström (unitas)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="łaciński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angstr%C4%93ms" title="Angstrēms – łotewski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Angstrēms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="łotewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angstr%C3%B6m_(Eenheet)" title="Angström (Eenheet) – luksemburski" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Angström (Eenheet)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angstremas" title="Angstremas – litewski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Angstremas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m" title="Ångström – węgierski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ångström" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="węgierski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Ангстрем – macedoński" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ангстрем" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कर्विमान – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कर्विमान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ანგსტრემი – megrelski" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ანგსტრემი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="megrelski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angstrom" title="Angstrom – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Angstrom" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angstrom" title="Angstrom – minangkabu" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Angstrom" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m_(eenheid)" title="Ångström (eenheid) – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ångström (eenheid)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0" title="オングストローム – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オングストローム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85ngstr%C3%B8m" title="Ångstrøm – norweski (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ångstrøm" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norweski (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m" title="Ångström – norweski (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ångström" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norweski (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80ngstrom" title="Àngstrom – oksytański" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Àngstrom" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksytański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angstrem_(birlik)" title="Angstrem (birlik) – uzbecki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Angstrem (birlik)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85" title="انګستروم – paszto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="انګستروم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paszto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angstrom" title="Angstrom – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Angstrom" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m" title="Ångström – rumuński" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ångström" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumuński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m" title="Ångström – keczua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ångström" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="keczua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Ангстрем – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ангстрем" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Ангстрем – jakucki" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ангстрем" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakucki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angstrom" title="Angstrom – albański" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Angstrom" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m" title="Ångström – sycylijski" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ångström" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sycylijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angstrom" title="Angstrom – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Angstrom" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angstr%C3%B6m" title="Angström – słowacki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Angström" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="słowacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angstrem" title="Angstrem – słoweński" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Angstrem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="słoweński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC_(%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0)" title="Ангстрем (јединица) – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ангстрем (јединица)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angstrem_(jedinica)" title="Angstrem (jedinica) – serbsko-chorwacki" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Angstrem (jedinica)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbsko-chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m" title="Ångström – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ångström" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m" title="Ångström – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ångström" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angstrom" title="Angstrom – tagalski" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Angstrom" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="ஆங்ஸ்டிராம் – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆங்ஸ்டிராம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1" title="อังสตรอม – tajski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อังสตรอม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Ангстрем – tadżycki" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ангстрем" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadżycki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m" title="Ångström – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ångström" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Ангстрем – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ангстрем" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m" title="Ångström – wietnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ångström" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="wietnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m" title="Ångström – zachodnioflamandzki" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Ångström" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="zachodnioflamandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angstrom" title="Angstrom – waraj" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Angstrom" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waraj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97" title="埃格斯特朗 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="埃格斯特朗" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97" title="埃格斯特朗 – kantoński" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="埃格斯特朗" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97" title="埃斯特朗 – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="埃斯特朗" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q81454#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edytuj linki pomiędzy wersjami językowymi" class="wbc-editpage">Edytuj linki</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Przestrzenie nazw"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Angstrem" title="Zobacz stronę treści [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artykuł</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dyskusja:Angstrem" rel="discussion" title="Dyskusja o zawartości tej strony [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Zmień wariant języka" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">polski</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Widok"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Angstrem"><span>Czytaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angstrem&veaction=edit" title="Edytuj tę stronę [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Edytuj</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angstrem&action=edit" title="Edycja kodu źródłowego strony [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edytuj kod źródłowy</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angstrem&action=history" title="Starsze wersje tej strony [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wyświetl historię</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Narzędzia" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Narzędzia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Narzędzia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Więcej opcji" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Działania </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Angstrem"><span>Czytaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angstrem&veaction=edit" title="Edytuj tę stronę [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Edytuj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angstrem&action=edit" title="Edycja kodu źródłowego strony [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edytuj kod źródłowy</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angstrem&action=history"><span>Wyświetl historię</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ogólne </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Linkuj%C4%85ce/Angstrem" title="Pokaż listę wszystkich stron linkujących do tej strony [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Linkujące</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Zmiany_w_linkowanych/Angstrem" rel="nofollow" title="Ostatnie zmiany w stronach, do których ta strona linkuje [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Zmiany w linkowanych</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Prześlij_plik" title="Prześlij pliki [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Prześlij plik</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Strony_specjalne" title="Lista wszystkich stron specjalnych [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Strony specjalne</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angstrem&oldid=71823434" title="Stały link do tej wersji tej strony"><span>Link do tej wersji</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angstrem&action=info" title="Więcej informacji na temat tej strony"><span>Informacje o tej stronie</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Cytuj&page=Angstrem&id=71823434&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacja o tym jak należy cytować tę stronę"><span>Cytowanie tego artykułu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Skr%C3%B3%C4%87_adres_URL&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAngstrem"><span>Zobacz skrócony adres URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Kod_QR&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAngstrem"><span>Pobierz kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Drukuj lub eksportuj </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCka&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Angstrem"><span>Utwórz książkę</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:DownloadAsPdf&page=Angstrem&action=show-download-screen"><span>Pobierz jako PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angstrem&printable=yes" title="Wersja do wydruku [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Wersja do druku</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> W innych projektach </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m_(unit_of_length)" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q81454" title="Link do powiązanego elementu w repozytorium danych [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidanych</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Wygląd"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Wygląd</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedii, wolnej encyklopedii</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox"> <caption class="naglowek" style="background-color:#CCF; color:#000000;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r65781301">.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex{display:flex;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-ikona{flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0;font-size:7px;max-width:40px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-tekst{flex-grow:1}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-1{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-2{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-3{font-style:italic;font-size:90%}</style><div class="iboxt-1">angstrem [Å]</div> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Uk%C5%82ad_jednostek_miar" title="Układ jednostek miar">Układ</a> </th> <td> <p>– </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Wymiar_wielko%C5%9Bci_fizycznej" title="Wymiar wielkości fizycznej">Wymiar</a> </th> <td> <p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [{\mbox{m}}]}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>m</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [{\mbox{m}}]}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8228dd7128be6ebdf98fa1e96f92b5e9094c1e4f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.23ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [{\mbox{m}}]}"></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jednostka </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/D%C5%82ugo%C5%9B%C4%87_fizyczna" title="Długość fizyczna">długości</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odleg%C5%82o%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Odległość">odległości</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C5%82ugo%C5%9B%C4%87_fali" title="Długość fali">długości fali</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Typowe symbole wielkości </th> <td> <p><i>l</i>, <i>x</i>, <i>λ</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>w jednostkach <a href="/wiki/Uk%C5%82ad_SI" title="Układ SI">SI</a> </th> <td> <p>10<sup>−10</sup> m </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>w jednostkach <a href="/wiki/Uk%C5%82ad_jednostek_miar_CGS" title="Układ jednostek miar CGS">CGS</a> </th> <td> <p>10<sup>−8</sup> cm </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>w <a href="/wiki/Jednostki_imperialne" title="Jednostki imperialne">jednostkach anglosaskich</a> </th> <td> <p>3,937·10<sup>−9</sup> in </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Źródło nazwy </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Anders_Jonas_%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m" title="Anders Jonas Ångström">Anders Jonas Ångström</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jednostka podstawowa </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Metr" title="Metr">metr</a> </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="infobox noprint plainlinks" cellpadding="4" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; width:30px;"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/28px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/42px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/56px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="122" data-file-height="117" /></span></span> </td> <td style="line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; flex:unset;"><a href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/angstrem" class="extiw" title="wikt:angstrem"><strong>Zobacz hasło</strong> <em>angstrem</em> w Wikisłowniku</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Angstrem</b> (<a href="/wiki/%C3%85_(litera)" title="Å (litera)">Å</a>) – jednostka długości równa 10<sup>−10</sup> m<sup id="cite_ref-epwn_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-epwn-1">[1]</a></sup>. Angstrem nie jest w Polsce legalną jednostką miar<sup id="cite_ref-DzU_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DzU-2">[2]</a></sup>; nie jest jednostką <a href="/wiki/Uk%C5%82ad_SI" title="Układ SI">układu SI</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Użycie"><span id="U.C5.BCycie"></span>Użycie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angstrem&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Użycie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angstrem&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Użycie"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Służy do liczbowego wyrażania wartości bardzo małych długości, porównywalnych z rozmiarami <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atomów</a>. Często stosowany w chemii i fizyce przy opisywaniu obiektów i zjawisk zachodzących w skali atomowej, gdzie posługiwanie się jednostkami układu SI wymagałoby używania ułamków (1 Å = 0,1 <a href="/wiki/Nanometr" title="Nanometr">nm</a>) lub liczbami rzędu setek (1 Å = 100 <a href="/wiki/Pikometr" title="Pikometr">pm</a>). Przykładowo <a href="/wiki/Promie%C5%84_van_der_Waalsa" title="Promień van der Waalsa">promień van der Waalsa</a> atomu <a href="/wiki/Wod%C3%B3r" title="Wodór">wodoru</a> wynosi 0,53 Å, a długość <a href="/wiki/Wi%C4%85zanie_chemiczne" title="Wiązanie chemiczne">wiązania</a> H−H w <a href="/wiki/Wod%C3%B3r" title="Wodór">cząsteczkach <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">H<sub>2</sub></span></a> to 0,74 Å. Jednostka ta używana jest też do oznaczania długości fal promieniowania, np. <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awiat%C5%82o_widzialne" title="Światło widzialne">widzialnego</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ultrafiolet" title="Ultrafiolet">ultrafioletowego</a>, <a href="/wiki/Promieniowanie_rentgenowskie" title="Promieniowanie rentgenowskie">rentgenowskiego</a> i in. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geneza">Geneza</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angstrem&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Geneza" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angstrem&action=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Geneza"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nazwa angstrem pochodzi od nazwiska <a href="/wiki/Anders_Jonas_%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m" title="Anders Jonas Ångström">Andersa Jönasa Ångströma</a><sup id="cite_ref-SWO_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SWO-3">[3]</a></sup>, szwedzkiego fizyka i astronoma, jednego z twórców <a href="/wiki/Astrofizyka" title="Astrofizyka">astrofizyki</a> i pioniera <a href="/wiki/Spektroskopia" title="Spektroskopia">spektroskopii</a>, który po raz pierwszy wprowadził tę jednostkę w 1868 roku. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zobacz_też"><span id="Zobacz_te.C5.BC"></span>Zobacz też</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angstrem&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj sekcję: Zobacz też" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angstrem&action=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Zobacz też"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Promie%C5%84_atomu_Bohra" title="Promień atomu Bohra">promień atomu Bohra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_(jednostka_d%C5%82ugo%C5%9Bci)" title="X (jednostka długości)">X (jednostka długości)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angstrem&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angstrem&action=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-epwn-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-epwn_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web open-access"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/;3869566"><i>angstrem</i></a>, [w:] <i><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_PWN_(internetowa)" title="Encyklopedia PWN (internetowa)">Encyklopedia PWN</a></i> [online], <a href="/wiki/Wydawnictwo_Naukowe_PWN" title="Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN">Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN</a><span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2021-10-15]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=unknown&rft.atitle=angstrem&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BWydawnictwo+Naukowe+PWN%5D%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fencyklopedia.pwn.pl%2Fhaslo%2F%3B3869566" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DzU-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-DzU_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rozporządzenie Rady Ministrów z dnia 5 czerwca 2020 r. w sprawie legalnych jednostek miar (<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20200001024">Dz.U. z 2020 r. poz. 1024</a></span>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SWO-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-SWO_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120129203815/http://swo.pwn.pl/haslo.php?id=1313">Angstrem</a>. Słownik wyrazów obcych, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. [dostęp 2012-05-29]. [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swo.pwn.pl/haslo.php?id=1313">tego adresu</a> (2012-01-29)].</cite></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox do-not-make-smaller mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="pokaż" data-collapsetext="ukryj"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74983602">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin:auto;text-align:center;padding:3px;margin-top:1em;clear:both}.mw-parser-output table.navbox:not(.pionowy){width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{border-top:0;margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy{width:250px;float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 0.4em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy .before,.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy .after{padding:0.5em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>.caption,.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr>th{background:#ccf;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navbox .tnavbar{font-weight:normal;font-size:xx-small;white-space:nowrap;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox>.tnavbar{margin-left:1em;float:left}.mw-parser-output .navbox .below>hr+.tnavbar{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .navbox .below>.tnavbar:before{content:"Ten szablon: "}.mw-parser-output .navbox .tnavbar li:after{content:" · "}.mw-parser-output .navbox .tnavbar li:last-child:after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .navbox hr{margin:0.2em 1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .title{background:#ddf;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content:not(.grupa-szablonów-nawigacyjnych){margin-top:2px;padding:0;font-size:smaller;overflow:auto}.mw-parser-output .navbox .above+div,.mw-parser-output .navbox .above+.navbox-main-content,.mw-parser-output .navbox .below,.mw-parser-output .navbox .title+.grid{margin-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.above,.mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.below{background:#ddf;text-align:center;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .navbox:not(.pionowy) .flex{display:flex;flex-direction:row}.mw-parser-output .navbox .flex>.before,.mw-parser-output .navbox .flex>.after{align-self:center;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox .flex>.navbox-main-content{flex-grow:1}.mw-parser-output .navbox:not(.pionowy) .before{margin-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navbox:not(.pionowy) .after{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard{border-spacing:0;border-collapse:collapse;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard>tbody>tr>.opis{text-align:right;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard>tbody>tr>.opis+.spis{border-left:2px solid var(--background-color-base,#fff);text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard>tbody>tr>td{padding:0;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard>tbody>tr>td:first-child{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard .inner-standard>tbody>tr>td{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard>tbody>tr>.navbox-odd,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard>tbody>tr>.navbox-even{padding:0 0.3em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard>tbody>tr+tr>th,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard>tbody>tr+tr>td{border-top:2px solid var(--background-color-base,#fff)}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard>tbody>tr>th+td{border-left:2px solid var(--background-color-base,#fff)}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns{table-layout:fixed}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr>th,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr>td{padding:0;border-left:2px solid var(--background-color-base,#fff);border-right:2px solid var(--background-color-base,#fff)}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr>td{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr+tr>td{border-top:2px solid var(--background-color-base,#fff)}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr>th:first-child,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr>td:first-child{border-left:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr>th:last-child,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr>td:last-child{border-right:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr>td>ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr>td>ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr>td>dl{text-align:left;column-width:24em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-group>div+div,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-group>div>div+div,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-group>div>div+table{margin-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-group>div>.opis,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-group>div>.spis{padding:0.1em 1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-group>div.mw-collapsible>.mw-collapsible-toggle{width:4em;text-align:right;margin-right:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .navbox>.fakebar,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-group>div.mw-collapsible>.fakebar{float:left;width:4em;height:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .opis{background:#ddf;padding:0 1em;white-space:nowrap;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy .opis{white-space:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy .navbox-even,.mw-parser-output .navbox:not(.pionowy) .navbox-odd{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy .navbox-odd,.mw-parser-output .navbox:not(.pionowy) .navbox-even{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-group>div>div+div{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox p{margin:0;padding:0.3em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a1,.mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a1 .opis{background:gold}.mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a2,.mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a2 .opis{background:silver}.mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a3,.mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a3 .opis{background:#c96}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox-main-content>ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox-main-content>dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox-main-content>ol{column-width:24em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbox ul{list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .navbox .references{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hwrap .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hwrap .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hwrap .hlist li{white-space:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox .rok{display:inline-block;width:4em;padding-right:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox-statistics{margin-top:2px;border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:small}.mw-parser-output .navbox-summary>.title{font-weight:bold;font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .navbox:not(.grupa-szablonów) .navbox{margin:0;border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox.grupa-szablonów>.grupa-szablonów-nawigacyjnych>.navbox:first-child{margin-top:2px}@media(max-width:800px){.mw-parser-output .navbox:not(.pionowy) .flex>.before,.mw-parser-output .navbox:not(.pionowy) .flex>.after{display:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox .opis img,.mw-parser-output .navbox .opis .flagicon,.mw-parser-output .navbox>.caption>.flagicon,.mw-parser-output .navbox>.caption>.image{display:none}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>.caption,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr>th{background-color:#3a3c3e}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox .title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.below,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox .opis{background-color:#303234}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a1,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a1 .opis{background:#715f00}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a2,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a2 .opis{background:#5f5f5f}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a3,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a3 .opis{background:#764617}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>.caption,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr>th{background-color:#3a3c3e}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox .title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.below,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox .opis{background-color:#303234}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a1,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a1 .opis{background:#715f00}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a2,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a2 .opis{background:#5f5f5f}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a3,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a3 .opis{background:#764617}}</style><ul class="tnavbar noprint plainlinks hlist"><li><a href="/wiki/Szablon:Jednostki_odleg%C5%82o%C5%9Bci" title="Szablon:Jednostki odległości"><span title="Pokaż ten szablon">p</span></a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyskusja_szablonu:Jednostki_odleg%C5%82o%C5%9Bci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dyskusja szablonu:Jednostki odległości (strona nie istnieje)"><span title="Dyskusja na temat tego szablonu">d</span></a></li><li title="Możesz edytować ten szablon. Użyj przycisku podglądu przed zapisaniem zmian."><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szablon:Jednostki_odleg%C5%82o%C5%9Bci&action=edit">e</a></li></ul><div class="navbox-title caption">Jednostki <a href="/wiki/Odleg%C5%82o%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Odległość">odległości</a> i <a href="/wiki/D%C5%82ugo%C5%9B%C4%87_fizyczna" title="Długość fizyczna">długości</a></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content"><table class="navbox-main-content inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a1"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Uk%C5%82ad_SI" title="Układ SI">metryczne</a></th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Femtometr" title="Femtometr">femtometr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pikometr" title="Pikometr">pikometr</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">angstrem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanometr" title="Nanometr">nanometr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikrometr" title="Mikrometr">mikrometr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milimetr" title="Milimetr">milimetr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centymetr" title="Centymetr">centymetr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decymetr" title="Decymetr">decymetr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metr" title="Metr">metr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dekametr" title="Dekametr">dekametr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hektometr" title="Hektometr">hektometr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilometr" title="Kilometr">kilometr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megametr" title="Megametr">megametr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigametr" title="Gigametr">gigametr</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a2"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Fizyka" title="Fizyka">fizyczne</a></th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%C5%82ugo%C5%9B%C4%87_Plancka" title="Długość Plancka">długość Plancka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_(jednostka_d%C5%82ugo%C5%9Bci)" title="X (jednostka długości)">X</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a3"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Geografia" title="Geografia">geograficzno</a>-<br />-<a href="/wiki/Nawigacja" title="Nawigacja">nawigacyjne</a></th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mila_morska" title="Mila morska">mila morska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liga_morska" title="Liga morska">liga morska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mila_geograficzna" title="Mila geograficzna">mila geograficzna</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a4"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Astronomiczne_jednostki_odleg%C5%82o%C5%9Bci" title="Astronomiczne jednostki odległości">astronomiczne</a></th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Promie%C5%84_Ziemi" title="Promień Ziemi">promień Ziemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promie%C5%84_Jowisza" title="Promień Jowisza">promień Jowisza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promie%C5%84_S%C5%82o%C5%84ca" title="Promień Słońca">promień Słońca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LD_(astronomia)" title="LD (astronomia)">LD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jednostka_astronomiczna" title="Jednostka astronomiczna">jednostka astronomiczna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsek" title="Parsek">parsek</a></li> <li>jednostki świetlne <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minuta_%C5%9Bwietlna" title="Minuta świetlna">minuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzina_%C5%9Bwietlna" title="Godzina świetlna">godzina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzie%C5%84_%C5%9Bwietlny" title="Dzień świetlny">dzień</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rok_%C5%9Bwietlny" title="Rok świetlny">rok</a></li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a5"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Jednostki_imperialne" title="Jednostki imperialne">imperialne</a></th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mil_(jednostka_miary)" title="Mil (jednostka miary)">mil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linia_(jednostka)" title="Linia (jednostka)">linia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cal" title="Cal">cal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U_(jednostka_d%C5%82ugo%C5%9Bci)" title="U (jednostka długości)">U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stopa_angielska" title="Stopa angielska">stopa angielska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jard" title="Jard">jard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C4%99t_(miara)" title="Pręt (miara)">pręt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81a%C5%84cuch_(miara_d%C5%82ugo%C5%9Bci)" title="Łańcuch (miara długości)">łańcuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furlong" title="Furlong">furlong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mila_mi%C4%99dzynarodowa" title="Mila międzynarodowa">mila międzynarodowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liga_l%C4%85dowa" title="Liga lądowa">liga lądowa</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a6"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Antropometria" title="Antropometria">antropometryczne</a></th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digitus_(miara)" title="Digitus (miara)">digitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werszek" title="Werszek">werszek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C5%82o%C5%84_(miara)" title="Dłoń (miara)">dłoń</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%86wier%C4%87_(miara)" title="Ćwierć (miara)">ćwierć</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi%C4%99d%C5%BA" title="Piędź">piędź</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sztych_(miara)" title="Sztych (miara)">sztych</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stopa_(miara)" title="Stopa (miara)">stopa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stopa_polska" title="Stopa polska">polska</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81okie%C4%87_(miara)" title="Łokieć (miara)">łokieć</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arszyn" title="Arszyn">arszyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krok_(miara)" title="Krok (miara)">krok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skok_(miara)" title="Skok (miara)">skok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%85%C5%BCe%C5%84" title="Sążeń">sążeń</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C4%99ze%C5%82_(jednostka_d%C5%82ugo%C5%9Bci)" title="Węzeł (jednostka długości)">węzeł</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postaw" title="Postaw">postaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sznur_(miara)" title="Sznur (miara)">sznur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staja" title="Staja">staja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stadion_(miara)" title="Stadion (miara)">stadion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiorsta" title="Wiorsta">wiorsta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mila_(jednostka_d%C5%82ugo%C5%9Bci)" title="Mila (jednostka długości)">mila</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mila_londy%C5%84ska" title="Mila londyńska">londyńska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mila_polska" title="Mila polska">polska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mila_pruska" title="Mila pruska">pruska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mila_rzymska" title="Mila rzymska">rzymska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mila_wroc%C5%82awska" title="Mila wrocławska">wrocławska</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasanga" title="Parasanga">parasanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schojn_(starogrecka_jednostka_miary)" title="Schojn (starogrecka jednostka miary)">schojn grecki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schojn_(staroegipska_jednostka_miary)" title="Schojn (staroegipska jednostka miary)">schojn egipski</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a7"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Dawny_japo%C5%84ski_system_miar_i_wag" title="Dawny japoński system miar i wag">japońskie</a></th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rin_(jednostka_miary)" title="Rin (jednostka miary)">rin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bu_(jednostka_miary)" title="Bu (jednostka miary)">bu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_(jednostka_miary)" title="Sun (jednostka miary)">sun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaku_(jednostka_miary)" title="Shaku (jednostka miary)">shaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_(jednostka_miary)" title="Ken (jednostka miary)">ken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8D_(jednostka_miary)" title="Jō (jednostka miary)">jō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8D_(jednostka_miary)" title="Chō (jednostka miary)">chō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ri_(jednostka_miary)" title="Ri (jednostka miary)">ri</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a8"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">inne</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81awka_(jednostka_d%C5%82ugo%C5%9Bci)" title="Ławka (jednostka długości)">ławka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeres" title="Zeres">zeres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81atr" title="Łatr">łatr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_(jednostka_d%C5%82ugo%C5%9Bci)" title="Li (jednostka długości)">li</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}</style> <div id="normdaten" class="catlinks"><div class="normdaten-typ-fehlt"><div><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_internetowa" title="Encyklopedia internetowa">Encyklopedie internetowe</a> (<span class="description">jednostka miary długości</span>):</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_Britannica" title="Encyklopedia Britannica">Britannica</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/angstrom">science/angstrom</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wielka_Encyklopedia_Rosyjska" title="Wielka Encyklopedia Rosyjska">БРЭ</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://old.bigenc.ru/text/1822060">1822060</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalencyklopedin" title="Nationalencyklopedin">NE.se</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/lång/%C3%A5ngstr%C3%B6m">ångström</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Store_norske_leksikon" title="Store norske leksikon">SNL</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=4342&url_prefix=https://snl.no/&id=%C3%A5ngstr%C3%B8m">ångstrøm</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_Store_Danske_Encyklop%C3%A6di" title="Den Store Danske Encyklopædi">DSDE</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8313&url_prefix=https://lex.dk/&id=%C3%A5ngstr%C3%B8m">ångstrøm</a></span></li></ul> </div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Źródło: „<a dir="ltr" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angstrem&oldid=71823434">https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angstrem&oldid=71823434</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Kategorie" title="Specjalna:Kategorie">Kategoria</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Jednostki_wielko%C5%9Bci_pochodz%C4%85ce_od_nazwisk" title="Kategoria:Jednostki wielkości pochodzące od nazwisk">Jednostki wielkości pochodzące od nazwisk</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Tę stronę ostatnio edytowano 12 lis 2023, 10:39.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst udostępniany na licencji <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pl">Creative Commons: uznanie autorstwa, na tych samych warunkach</a>, z możliwością obowiązywania dodatkowych ograniczeń. Zobacz szczegółowe informacje o <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Terms_of_Use/pl">warunkach korzystania</a>.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Polityka prywatności</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:O_Wikipedii">O Wikipedii</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Korzystasz_z_Wikipedii_tylko_na_w%C5%82asn%C4%85_odpowiedzialno%C5%9B%C4%87">Korzystasz z Wikipedii tylko na własną odpowiedzialność</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Powszechne Zasady Postępowania</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Dla deweloperów</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/pl.wikipedia.org">Statystyki</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Oświadczenie o ciasteczkach</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//pl.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angstrem&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Wersja mobilna</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-57488d5c7d-7f4ms","wgBackendResponseTime":186,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.435","walltime":"0.663","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1427,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":24700,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2991,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":20,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":12377,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":6,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 583.693 1 -total"," 34.67% 202.354 1 Szablon:Kontrola_autorytatywna"," 33.09% 193.142 1 Szablon:Jednostki_odległości"," 32.33% 188.726 1 Szablon:Szablon_nawigacyjny"," 11.03% 64.375 1 Szablon:Jednostka_miary_infobox"," 10.93% 63.790 1 Szablon:Przypisy"," 6.50% 37.966 1 Szablon:Infobox_tytuł"," 6.00% 35.012 1 Szablon:Chem"," 4.65% 27.165 1 Szablon:Encyklopedia_PWN"," 4.08% 23.790 1 Szablon:Chem/initialA0"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.321","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":2625830,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"required = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\n\n== Szablon:Szablon nawigacyjny ==\n\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-5d596fc66-x5xts","timestamp":"20241111132958","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Angstrem","url":"https:\/\/pl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Angstrem","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q81454","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q81454","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wsp\u00f3\u0142tw\u00f3rcy projekt\u00f3w Fundacji Wikimedia"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-08-06T09:33:55Z","headline":"jednostka d\u0142ugo\u015bci; r\u00f3wna 0.1 nanometra"}</script> </body> </html>