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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Waller" title="William Waller – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="William Waller" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Waller" title="William Waller – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="William Waller" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A9%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC" title="ウィリアム・ウォラー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウィリアム・ウォラー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li 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</div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/William_Waller_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="William Waller (disambiguation)">William Waller (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;">General Sir</div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">William Waller</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Justice_of_the_peace" title="Justice of the peace">JP</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_William_Waller_by_Cornelius_Johnson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Sir_William_Waller_by_Cornelius_Johnson.jpg/220px-Sir_William_Waller_by_Cornelius_Johnson.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Sir_William_Waller_by_Cornelius_Johnson.jpg/330px-Sir_William_Waller_by_Cornelius_Johnson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Sir_William_Waller_by_Cornelius_Johnson.jpg/440px-Sir_William_Waller_by_Cornelius_Johnson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2937" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Portrait by <a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Johnson_(artist)" title="Cornelius Johnson (artist)">Cornelius Johnson</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1643</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of Parliament<br />for <a href="/wiki/Middlesex_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Middlesex (UK Parliament constituency)">Middlesex</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />25 April 1660 – 29 December 1660</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of Parliament<br />for <a href="/wiki/Andover_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Andover (UK Parliament constituency)">Andover</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1640 – 1648 (suspended)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">1598<br /><a href="/wiki/Knole" title="Knole">Knole House</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">19 September 1668<span style="display:none">(1668-09-19)</span> (aged 69–70)<br /><a href="/wiki/Osterley_Park" title="Osterley Park">Osterley Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isleworth" title="Isleworth">Isleworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middlesex" title="Middlesex">Middlesex</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Chapel" title="Westminster Chapel">Westminster Chapel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">(1) Jane Reynell (1622–1633) <br /> (2) Anne Finch (1638–1652) <br /> (3) <a href="/wiki/Anne_Waller,_Lady_Waller" title="Anne Waller, Lady Waller">Anne Harcourt</a> (1652–1661)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Waller" title="Edmund Waller">Edmund Waller</a> (1606–1687) <br /> Sir <a href="/wiki/Hardress_Waller" title="Hardress Waller">Hardress Waller</a> (1604–1666)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">(1) Margaret (1633–1694); <br /> (2) <a href="/wiki/William_Waller_(informer)" title="William Waller (informer)">William</a> (1639–1699)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Sir Thomas and Lady Margaret Waller</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Magdalen_Hall,_Oxford" class="mw-redirect" title="Magdalen Hall, Oxford">Magdalen Hall, Oxford</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data">Soldier and politician</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1617 to 1621, 1642 to 1645</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Major_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Major General">Major General</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uskok_War" title="Uskok War">Uskok War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Three_Kingdoms" title="Wars of the Three Kingdoms">Wars of the Three Kingdoms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lansdowne" title="Battle of Lansdowne">Lansdowne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Roundway_Down" title="Battle of Roundway Down">Roundway Down</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Basing_House" title="Siege of Basing House">Basing House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Alton" title="Battle of Alton">Alton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Arundel" title="Siege of Arundel">Arundel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cheriton" title="Battle of Cheriton">Cheriton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cropredy_Bridge" title="Battle of Cropredy Bridge">Cropredy Bridge</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Sir William Waller</b> <a href="/wiki/Justice_of_the_peace" title="Justice of the peace">JP</a> (c. 1598 – 19 September 1668) was an English soldier and politician, who commanded <a href="/wiki/Roundhead" title="Roundhead">Parliamentarian</a> armies during the <a href="/wiki/First_English_Civil_War" title="First English Civil War">First English Civil War</a>. Elected <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">MP</a> for <a href="/wiki/Andover_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Andover (UK Parliament constituency)">Andover</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Long_Parliament" title="Long Parliament">Long Parliament</a> in 1640, Waller relinquished his military positions under the <a href="/wiki/Self-denying_Ordinance" title="Self-denying Ordinance">Self-denying Ordinance</a> in 1645. Although deeply religious and a devout <a href="/wiki/Puritan" class="mw-redirect" title="Puritan">Puritan</a>, he belonged to the moderate <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian">Presbyterian</a> faction, who opposed the involvement of the <a href="/wiki/New_Model_Army" title="New Model Army">New Model Army</a> in politics post 1646. As a result, he was one of the <a href="/wiki/Eleven_Members" title="Eleven Members">Eleven Members</a> excluded by the army in July 1647, then again by <a href="/wiki/Pride%27s_Purge" title="Pride's Purge">Pride's Purge</a> in December 1648 for refusing to support the <a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Charles_I" title="Trial of Charles I">Trial of Charles I</a>, and his subsequent <a href="/wiki/Execution_of_Charles_I" title="Execution of Charles I">execution</a> in January 1649. </p><p>Arrested several times during the <a href="/wiki/British_Interregnum" title="British Interregnum">British Interregnum</a>, in the run-up to the <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Restoration" title="Stuart Restoration">Stuart Restoration</a> in 1660, he was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Convention_Parliament_(1660)" title="Convention Parliament (1660)">Convention Parliament</a>. He retired from politics when it was dissolved, and died at his home in <a href="/wiki/Osterley_Park" title="Osterley Park">Osterley Park</a> in September 1668. Waller was one of many who served in the <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Three_Kingdoms" title="Wars of the Three Kingdoms">Wars of the Three Kingdoms</a> with great reluctance, but did so based on deeply held religious or political principles. He is perhaps best remembered by a letter written in 1643 to his close friend and <a href="/wiki/Cavalier" title="Cavalier">Royalist</a> opponent, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Hopton,_1st_Baron_Hopton" title="Ralph Hopton, 1st Baron Hopton">Sir Ralph Hopton</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>That great God who is the searcher of my heart knows with what a sad sense I go upon this service, and with what a perfect hatred I detest this war without an enemy;... We are both upon the stage and must act such parts as are assigned us in this tragedy, let us do it in a way of honour, and without personal animosities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaller1793xiii–xiv_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaller1793xiii–xiv-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_details">Personal details</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Waller&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Personal details"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>William Waller was born in <a href="/wiki/Knole" title="Knole">Knole</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Sevenoaks" title="Sevenoaks">Sevenoaks</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a>, son of Sir Thomas Waller and his wife Margaret Lennard, the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Fiennes,_11th_Baroness_Dacre" title="Margaret Fiennes, 11th Baroness Dacre">Margaret Fiennes, 11th Baroness Dacre</a>. He attended <a href="/wiki/Hertford_College,_Oxford#Magdalen_Hall" title="Hertford College, Oxford">Magdalen Hall, Oxford</a>, then a well-known centre of <a href="/wiki/Puritan" class="mw-redirect" title="Puritan">Puritan</a> education, but did not graduate.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaller179322_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaller179322-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both his father and grandfather served in <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_England" title="Parliament of England">Parliament</a>, while his first cousin was Sir <a href="/wiki/Hardress_Waller" title="Hardress Waller">Hardress Waller</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELefevre2010_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELefevre2010-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He married three times; Jane Reynell (1622–1633), Lady Anne Finch (1638–1652), and <a href="/wiki/Anne_Waller,_Lady_Waller" title="Anne Waller, Lady Waller">Lady Anne Harcourt</a> (1652–1661). In all, he had three sons and three daughters, only two of whom survived to adulthood; Margaret (1633–1694) and <a href="/wiki/William_Waller_(informer)" title="William Waller (informer)">William</a> (1639–1699).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonagan2008_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonagan2008-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_career_in_Europe">Military career in Europe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Waller&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Military career in Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_Horace_Vere_-_Horatius_Veer_(1565-1635).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Sir_Horace_Vere_-_Horatius_Veer_%281565-1635%29.jpg/180px-Sir_Horace_Vere_-_Horatius_Veer_%281565-1635%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Sir_Horace_Vere_-_Horatius_Veer_%281565-1635%29.jpg/270px-Sir_Horace_Vere_-_Horatius_Veer_%281565-1635%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Sir_Horace_Vere_-_Horatius_Veer_%281565-1635%29.jpg/360px-Sir_Horace_Vere_-_Horatius_Veer_%281565-1635%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2074" data-file-height="2652" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Horace_Vere,_1st_Baron_Vere_of_Tilbury" title="Horace Vere, 1st Baron Vere of Tilbury">Sir Horace Vere</a>; Waller served with him in Venice and Holland</figcaption></figure> <p>The Waller family held various offices in the 16th century, including constable of <a href="/wiki/Dover_Castle" title="Dover Castle">Dover Castle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Member_of_parliament" title="Member of parliament">MP</a> for <a href="/wiki/Dover_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dover (UK Parliament constituency)">Dover</a>, but lost most of their money in the 1590s. William's father Thomas served in <a href="/wiki/Nine_Years%27_War_(Ireland)" title="Nine Years' War (Ireland)">Ireland</a> and in 1601 purchased the family estates at <a href="/wiki/Groombridge" title="Groombridge">Groombridge</a> from his uncle George Waller.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELefevre2010_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELefevre2010-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Waller followed his father by becoming a professional soldier and in 1617, he joined the army of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venetian Republic</a>, where he met the English mercenary leader, <a href="/wiki/Horace_Vere,_1st_Baron_Vere_of_Tilbury" title="Horace Vere, 1st Baron Vere of Tilbury">Sir Horace Vere</a>. In 1620, he and <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Hopton,_1st_Baron_Hopton" title="Ralph Hopton, 1st Baron Hopton">Sir Ralph Hopton</a> were members of the personal bodyguard for <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Stuart,_Queen_of_Bohemia" title="Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia">Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia</a>, sister of the future <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I</a>. After her husband <a href="/wiki/Frederick_V_of_the_Palatinate" title="Frederick V of the Palatinate">Frederick</a> was defeated at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_White_Mountain" title="Battle of White Mountain">White Mountain</a> in November, they escorted her to safety in <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonagan2008_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonagan2008-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On his return to England in 1622, he was rewarded with a knighthood, while he inherited the right to <a href="/wiki/Butlerage" title="Butlerage">wine import duties</a> from his grandmother, which brought him the then substantial sum of £1,000 – £3,000 per year. This allowed him to marry Jane Reynell, from a wealthy <a href="/wiki/Devon" title="Devon">Devon</a> family; she died in 1633, followed by her father in 1634, then their son Richard in 1636. Waller inherited most of her estates, and he purchased a quarter-share in the <a href="/wiki/Providence_Island_Company" title="Providence Island Company">Providence Island Company</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKupperman198246_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKupperman198246-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A devout <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian">Presbyterian</a>, this directly connected to others who shared his beliefs, and later became prominent supporters of Parliament, among them <a href="/wiki/John_Pym" title="John Pym">John Pym</a>, Henry Darley, <a href="/wiki/William_Fiennes,_1st_Viscount_Saye_and_Sele" title="William Fiennes, 1st Viscount Saye and Sele">Lord Saye</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Greville,_2nd_Baron_Brooke" title="Robert Greville, 2nd Baron Brooke">Lord Brooke</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuinen2007531_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuinen2007531-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His second wife, Lady Anne Finch, was related to another influential Kent politician, the <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Winchilsea#Earls_of_Winchilsea_(1628)_and_Nottingham_(1681)" title="Earl of Winchilsea">Earl of Winchilsea</a>, and shared his religious beliefs. They purchased <a href="/wiki/Winchester_Castle" title="Winchester Castle">Winchester Castle</a> in 1638, and lived a 'retired life' in the country, but as the political conflict between Charles and <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_England" title="Parliament of England">Parliament</a> increased, Waller felt it his duty to participate. In April 1640, he was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Short_Parliament" title="Short Parliament">Short Parliament</a> as <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">Member of Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/Andover_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Andover (UK Parliament constituency)">Andover</a>, then re-elected to the <a href="/wiki/Long_Parliament" title="Long Parliament">Long Parliament</a> on 3 May 1642.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHenning1983_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHenning1983-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wars_of_the_Three_Kingdoms">Wars of the Three Kingdoms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Waller&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Wars of the Three Kingdoms"><span>edit</span></a><span 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typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:England_south_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="William Waller is located in Southern England"><img alt="William Waller is located in Southern England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/England_south_location_map.svg/420px-England_south_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="420" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/England_south_location_map.svg/630px-England_south_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/England_south_location_map.svg/840px-England_south_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="816" data-file-height="495" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:69.056%;left:36.766%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Exeter"><img alt="Exeter" 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class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bristol"><img alt="Bristol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div>Bristol</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:36%;left:62.663%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Oxford"><img alt="Oxford" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div>Oxford</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:53.056%;left:68.194%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Farnham"><img alt="Farnham" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Farnham</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:66.4%;left:65.714%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Portsmouth"><img alt="Portsmouth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div>Portsmouth</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:48.8%;left:54.286%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Roundway Down"><img alt="Roundway Down" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div>Roundway Down</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:32.256%;left:51.623%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Gloucester"><img alt="Gloucester" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div>Gloucester</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:47.2%;left:61.909%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Newbury"><img alt="Newbury" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div>Newbury</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:80.256%;left:29.714%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Plymouth"><img alt="Plymouth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Plymouth</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:5.056%;left:45.52%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Shrewsbury"><img alt="Shrewsbury" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div>Shrewsbury</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:57.856%;left:62.48%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Cheriton"><img alt="Cheriton" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div>Cheriton</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:78.656%;left:23.806%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Lostwithiel"><img alt="Lostwithiel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div>Lostwithiel</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:24.256%;left:62.091%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Copredy Bridge"><img alt="Copredy Bridge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div>Copredy Bridge</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:69.056%;left:43.623%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Lyme"><img alt="Lyme" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Lyme</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:22.144%;left:51.806%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Worcester"><img alt="Worcester" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div>Worcester</div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:England_south_location_map.svg" title="File:England south location map.svg">class=notpageimage| </a></div>Waller's war, England & Wales, 1642–1645</div></div></div> <p>A firm supporter of Parliament, when the <a href="/wiki/First_English_Civil_War" title="First English Civil War">First English Civil War</a> began in August 1642, Waller was appointed a colonel, <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Portsmouth" title="Siege of Portsmouth">capturing Portsmouth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Farnham,_Surrey" class="mw-redirect" title="Farnham, Surrey">Farnham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Winchester,_Hampshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Winchester, Hampshire">Winchester</a> and other key locations in southern England. In early 1643, Waller was promoted <a href="/wiki/Major-general" class="mw-redirect" title="Major-general">Major-general</a> and given command of the Western Association army, his opponent being Sir Ralph Hopton, an old friend leading <a href="/wiki/Cavalier" title="Cavalier">Royalist</a> forces in the west.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFirth191179–80_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFirth191179–80-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the inconclusive <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lansdowne" title="Battle of Lansdowne">Battle of Lansdowne</a> on 5 July, Hopton was joined by <a href="/wiki/Maurice_of_the_Palatinate" title="Maurice of the Palatinate">Prince Maurice</a> and on 13 July, their combined force destroyed Waller's army at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Roundway_Down" title="Battle of Roundway Down">Roundway Down</a>. Waller and around 500 cavalry escaped to <a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a>, much of whose garrison had been lost at Roundway Down; not wishing to be trapped in the city, on 21 July he and his remaining troops made their way to <a href="/wiki/Evesham" title="Evesham">Evesham</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFirthLeslie1925183_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFirthLeslie1925183-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Four days later, <a href="/wiki/Storming_of_Bristol" title="Storming of Bristol">Bristol</a> surrendered to <a href="/wiki/Prince_Rupert_of_the_Rhine" title="Prince Rupert of the Rhine">Prince Rupert</a>, leaving Parliamentarian forces in the west confined to isolated garrisons in Plymouth and elsewhere.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoyle2004243–245_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoyle2004243–245-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although defeat had little impact on Waller's military reputation, there were increasing signs on all sides of war weariness, including anti-war demonstrations on 7 to 9 August in London. At a strategy meeting in <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>, the Royalist high command agreed <a href="/wiki/Prince_Rupert_of_the_Rhine" title="Prince Rupert of the Rhine">Prince Rupert</a> would <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Gloucester" title="Siege of Gloucester">capture Gloucester</a>, the last major Parliamentary position in the west, then move against London.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoyle2004275_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoyle2004275-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This would be supported by Hopton advancing into <a href="/wiki/Hampshire" title="Hampshire">Hampshire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sussex" title="Sussex">Sussex</a>, whose <a href="/wiki/Wealden_iron_industry" title="Wealden iron industry">iron foundries</a> were Parliament's main source of armaments.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWedgwood1958281_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWedgwood1958281-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Waller assembled a new army at <a href="/wiki/Farnham_Castle" title="Farnham Castle">Farnham Castle</a>, consisting of <a href="/wiki/Trained_Bands" class="mw-redirect" title="Trained Bands">Trained Bands</a> from the South-Eastern Association of <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a>, Sussex and Hampshire, bolstered by others from London.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWanklynJones2005139_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWanklynJones2005139-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout the war, both sides relied on these militia; service was normally limited to 30 days, within their home area, but as the largest and best equipped, London units were often used by Parliament to fill gaps. Waller's army included several regiments mustered to repel Prince Rupert's advance on London, which ended at <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Newbury" title="First Battle of Newbury">Newbury</a> in late September. An attack on <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Basing_House" title="Siege of Basing House">Basing House</a> in November failed, with many shouting 'Home! Home!'<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagel1982145–148_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENagel1982145–148-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under instructions from the <a href="/wiki/Robert_Devereux,_3rd_Earl_of_Essex" title="Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex">Earl of Essex</a> to retake <a href="/wiki/Alton,_Hampshire" title="Alton, Hampshire">Alton</a>, then <a href="/wiki/Arundel" title="Arundel">Arundel</a>, Waller persuaded the London Bands to help him <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Alton" title="Battle of Alton">capture Alton</a> on 13 December. When he asked for their help with Arundel, they refused, and were sent home on 15 December.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagel1982150_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENagel1982150-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, he successfully <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Arundel" title="Siege of Arundel">captured Arundel</a> on 6 January, before a heavy snow fall ended operations for the next few weeks.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWanklynJones2005140_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWanklynJones2005140-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of February, Waller's army had been increased to 5,000 infantry and 3,500 horse; he was ordered to slip past Hopton and retake the west. Despite the defection of <a href="/wiki/Sir_Richard_Grenville,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Richard Grenville, 1st Baronet">Sir Richard Grenville</a> in early March, who shared this information with Hopton, Waller defeated him at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cheriton" title="Battle of Cheriton">Cheriton</a> on 29 March 1644, ending the Royalist threat in the south-east.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWanklynJones2005142–143_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWanklynJones2005142–143-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ralph_Hopton,_1st_Baron_Hopton_of_Stratton_from_NPG.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Ralph_Hopton%2C_1st_Baron_Hopton_of_Stratton_from_NPG.jpg/180px-Ralph_Hopton%2C_1st_Baron_Hopton_of_Stratton_from_NPG.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Ralph_Hopton%2C_1st_Baron_Hopton_of_Stratton_from_NPG.jpg/270px-Ralph_Hopton%2C_1st_Baron_Hopton_of_Stratton_from_NPG.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Ralph_Hopton%2C_1st_Baron_Hopton_of_Stratton_from_NPG.jpg/360px-Ralph_Hopton%2C_1st_Baron_Hopton_of_Stratton_from_NPG.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2992" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Hopton,_1st_Baron_Hopton" title="Ralph Hopton, 1st Baron Hopton">Ralph Hopton</a>, Waller's close friend and opponent</figcaption></figure> <p>Waller now joined Essex to attack <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>; to avoid being trapped there, Charles and the main Royalist field army retreated to <a href="/wiki/Worcester,_England" title="Worcester, England">Worcester</a>; Essex ordered Waller to follow him, while he went west to relieve the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Lyme_Regis" title="Siege of Lyme Regis">siege of Lyme Regis</a>. On 29 June, Waller clashed with Charles at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cropredy_Bridge" title="Battle of Cropredy Bridge">Cropredy Bridge</a>; his losses were minimal, but his men were demoralised. His army disintegrated, causing panic in London, and allowing Charles to pursue Essex into the West Country.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWedgwood1958330–331_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWedgwood1958330–331-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Essex was defeated at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lostwithiel" title="Battle of Lostwithiel">Lostwithiel</a> in September and although he escaped with the cavalry, 5,000 infantry were forced to surrender. At <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Newbury" title="Second Battle of Newbury">Second Newbury</a> on 27 October, the Royalists lifted the siege of <a href="/wiki/Donnington_Castle" title="Donnington Castle">Donnington Castle</a>; lack of co-ordination among the Parliamentary forces under Waller, Essex and Manchester allowed Charles to re-enter Oxford.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWedgwood1958385_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWedgwood1958385-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Parliament was split between those who wanted an immediate, negotiated settlement and those for whom military victory was the only way to secure their objectives. They also objected to the Scottish alliance, especially the demand for a unified, Presbyterian church of England and Scotland; <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a> claimed he would fight, rather than accept such terms.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERees2016118–119_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERees2016118–119-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This conflict became public in recriminations over the failure to exploit Marston Moor, Essex' capitulation at Lostwithiel, and Manchester's alleged unwillingness to fight at Second Newbury; Waller supported these criticisms.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECotton1975212_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECotton1975212-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Vane_the_Younger" title="Henry Vane the Younger">Sir Henry Vane</a> introduced the <a href="/wiki/Self-denying_Ordinance" title="Self-denying Ordinance">Self-denying Ordinance</a>, requiring any officers in the army or navy who were also members of Parliament to resign from one, or the other. This automatically removed Manchester and Essex, since they could not resign their titles, although later amended to allow them to be re-appointed, 'if Parliament approved.' Waller supported the Ordinance, and resigned his commission in April 1645.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWedgwood1958398–399_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWedgwood1958398–399-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life_and_death">Later life and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Waller&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Later life and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Considered for command in Ireland, Waller also briefly explored returning to <a href="/wiki/Cretan_War_(1645%E2%80%931669)" title="Cretan War (1645–1669)">Venetian service</a>, but this ended his active military career. Although he backed the creation of the <a href="/wiki/New_Model_Army" title="New Model Army">New Model Army</a>, like other Presbyterians, he came to see it as a threat, and supported attempts to disband it when the war ended in 1646. In June 1647, he was one of the <a href="/wiki/Eleven_members" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleven members">Eleven members</a> accused by Cromwell and other Independents of 'plotting to destabilise the kingdom', and fled abroad in August.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoyle2004406_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoyle2004406-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He stayed in <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>, where he renewed his acquaintance with Elizabeth of Bohemia, before returning home in June 1648. He was arrested in 1650, allegedly for conspiring to restore <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II</a>, then released in early 1652. He purchased <a href="/wiki/Osterley_Park" title="Osterley Park">Osterley Park</a> in 1654, and while frequently questioned under <a href="/wiki/The_Protectorate" title="The Protectorate">the Protectorate</a>, avoided implication in the 1655 <a href="/wiki/Penruddock_uprising" title="Penruddock uprising">Penruddock uprising</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonagan2008_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonagan2008-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Restoration" title="Stuart Restoration">1660 Restoration</a>, he was elected for <a href="/wiki/Middlesex_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Middlesex (UK Parliament constituency)">Middlesex</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Convention_Parliament_(1660)" title="Convention Parliament (1660)">Convention Parliament</a>, but subsequently retired from political life. He spent some of his time writing <i>A Vindication of the Character and Conduct of Sir William Waller</i>, which was not published until 1793.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonagan2008_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonagan2008-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He died on 19 September 1668, and was buried in <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Waller&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaller1793xiii–xiv-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaller1793xiii–xiv_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWaller1793">Waller 1793</a>, pp. xiii–xiv.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaller179322-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaller179322_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWaller1793">Waller 1793</a>, p. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELefevre2010-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELefevre2010_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELefevre2010_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLefevre2010">Lefevre 2010</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonagan2008-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonagan2008_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonagan2008_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonagan2008_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonagan2008_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDonagan2008">Donagan 2008</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKupperman198246-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKupperman198246_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKupperman1982">Kupperman 1982</a>, p. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuinen2007531-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuinen2007531_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDuinen2007">Duinen 2007</a>, p. 531.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHenning1983-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHenning1983_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHenning1983">Henning 1983</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFirth191179–80-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFirth191179–80_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFirth1911">Firth 1911</a>, pp. 79–80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFirthLeslie1925183-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFirthLeslie1925183_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFirthLeslie1925">Firth & Leslie 1925</a>, p. 183.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoyle2004243–245-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoyle2004243–245_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoyle2004">Royle 2004</a>, pp. 243–245.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoyle2004275-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoyle2004275_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoyle2004">Royle 2004</a>, p. 275.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWedgwood1958281-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWedgwood1958281_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWedgwood1958">Wedgwood 1958</a>, p. 281.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWanklynJones2005139-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWanklynJones2005139_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWanklynJones2005">Wanklyn & Jones 2005</a>, p. 139.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENagel1982145–148-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagel1982145–148_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNagel1982">Nagel 1982</a>, pp. 145–148.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENagel1982150-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagel1982150_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNagel1982">Nagel 1982</a>, p. 150.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWanklynJones2005140-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWanklynJones2005140_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWanklynJones2005">Wanklyn & Jones 2005</a>, p. 140.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWanklynJones2005142–143-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWanklynJones2005142–143_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWanklynJones2005">Wanklyn & Jones 2005</a>, pp. 142–143.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWedgwood1958330–331-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWedgwood1958330–331_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWedgwood1958">Wedgwood 1958</a>, pp. 330–331.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWedgwood1958385-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWedgwood1958385_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWedgwood1958">Wedgwood 1958</a>, p. 385.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERees2016118–119-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERees2016118–119_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRees2016">Rees 2016</a>, pp. 118–119.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECotton1975212-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECotton1975212_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCotton1975">Cotton 1975</a>, p. 212.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWedgwood1958398–399-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWedgwood1958398–399_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWedgwood1958">Wedgwood 1958</a>, pp. 398–399.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoyle2004406-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoyle2004406_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoyle2004">Royle 2004</a>, p. 406.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.westminster-abbey.org/abbey-commemorations/commemorations/sir-william-waller">"Sir William Waller"</a>. <i>Westminster Abbey</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Westminster+Abbey&rft.atitle=Sir+William+Waller&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.westminster-abbey.org%2Fabbey-commemorations%2Fcommemorations%2Fsir-william-waller&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Waller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Waller&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdair1997" class="citation book cs1">Adair, John (1997). <i>Roundhead General: the Campaigns of Sir William Waller</i>. Thrupp, Gloucestershire: Sutton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7509-1312-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7509-1312-6"><bdi>0-7509-1312-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Roundhead+General%3A+the+Campaigns+of+Sir+William+Waller&rft.place=Thrupp%2C+Gloucestershire&rft.pub=Sutton&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-7509-1312-6&rft.aulast=Adair&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Waller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCotton1975" class="citation journal cs1">Cotton, ANB (1975). "Cromwell and the Self-Denying Ordinance". <i>History</i>. <b>62</b> (205): 211–231. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1468-229X.1977.tb02337.x">10.1111/j.1468-229X.1977.tb02337.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24411238">24411238</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History&rft.atitle=Cromwell+and+the+Self-Denying+Ordinance&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=205&rft.pages=211-231&rft.date=1975&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-229X.1977.tb02337.x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24411238%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Cotton&rft.aufirst=ANB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Waller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonagan2008" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Donagan, Barbara (2008). "Waller, Sir William". <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F28561">10.1093/ref:odnb/28561</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Waller%2C+Sir+William&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F28561&rft.aulast=Donagan&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Waller" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuinen2007" class="citation book cs1">Duinen, Jared, van (2007). <i>The Nature of Puritan Opposition in 1630s England in "Prosopography Approaches" and Applications: A Handbook</i>. University of Oxford Linacre College Unit for Prosopographical Research. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1900934121" title="Special:BookSources/978-1900934121"><bdi>978-1900934121</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Nature+of+Puritan+Opposition+in+1630s+England+in+%22Prosopography+Approaches%22+and+Applications%3A+A+Handbook&rft.pub=University+of+Oxford+Linacre+College+Unit+for+Prosopographical+Research&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1900934121&rft.aulast=Duinen&rft.aufirst=Jared%2C+van&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Waller" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFirth1911" class="citation book cs1">Firth, CH (1911). <i>February 1643: Ordinance to appoint Sir William Waller Serjeant Major General of the Forces in Gloucester and other adjacent Counties, and for paying his Army' in Acts and Ordinances of the Interregnum, 1642–1660 Volume I</i>. HMSO.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=February+1643%3A+Ordinance+to+appoint+Sir+William+Waller+Serjeant+Major+General+of+the+Forces+in+Gloucester+and+other+adjacent+Counties%2C+and+for+paying+his+Army%27+in+Acts+and+Ordinances+of+the+Interregnum%2C+1642%E2%80%931660+Volume+I&rft.pub=HMSO&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Firth&rft.aufirst=CH&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Waller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFirthLeslie1925" class="citation journal cs1">Firth, Charles Harding; Leslie, JH (1925). "The Siege and capture of Bristol by Royalist forces in 1643". <i>Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research</i>. <b>4</b> (18): 180–203. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44227516">44227516</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Society+for+Army+Historical+Research&rft.atitle=The+Siege+and+capture+of+Bristol+by+Royalist+forces+in+1643&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=18&rft.pages=180-203&rft.date=1925&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44227516%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Firth&rft.aufirst=Charles+Harding&rft.au=Leslie%2C+JH&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Waller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenning1983" class="citation book cs1">Henning, Basil, ed. (1983). <i><span></span>'Sir William Waller, (1598–1668) in 'The House of Commons, 1660–90 (The History of Parliament Trust)</i>. Haynes Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0436192746" title="Special:BookSources/978-0436192746"><bdi>978-0436192746</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%27Sir+William+Waller%2C+%281598%E2%80%931668%29+in+%27The+House+of+Commons%2C+1660%E2%80%9390+%28The+History+of+Parliament+Trust%29&rft.pub=Haynes+Publishing&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0436192746&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Waller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKupperman1982" class="citation book cs1">Kupperman, Karen (1982). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/providenceisland00kare"><i>Providence Island 1630–1641: The Other Puritan Colony</i></a></span>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521352055" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521352055"><bdi>978-0521352055</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Providence+Island+1630%E2%80%931641%3A+The+Other+Puritan+Colony&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0521352055&rft.aulast=Kupperman&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fprovidenceisland00kare&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Waller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLefevre2010" class="citation book cs1">Lefevre, Peter (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1604-1629/member/waller-sir-thomas-1569-1613"><i>WALLER, Sir Thomas (c.1569–1613), of Groombridge and Dover Castle, Kent; formerly of Brenchley, Kent. in </i>The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1604–1629<i><span></span></i></a>. CUP.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=WALLER%2C+Sir+Thomas+%28c.1569%E2%80%931613%29%2C+of+Groombridge+and+Dover+Castle%2C+Kent%3B+formerly+of+Brenchley%2C+Kent.+in+The+History+of+Parliament%3A+the+House+of+Commons+1604%E2%80%931629&rft.pub=CUP&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Lefevre&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyofparliamentonline.org%2Fvolume%2F1604-1629%2Fmember%2Fwaller-sir-thomas-1569-1613&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Waller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNagel1982" class="citation book cs1">Nagel, Lawson Chase (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/"><i>The militia of London, 1641–1649</i></a>. University of London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+militia+of+London%2C+1641%E2%80%931649&rft.pub=University+of+London&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Nagel&rft.aufirst=Lawson+Chase&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkclpure.kcl.ac.uk%2Fportal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Waller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlant2010" class="citation book cs1">Plant, David (7 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081009002117/http://www.british-civil-wars.co.uk/biog/waller.htm"><i>Biography of Sir William Waller</i></a>. British Civil Wars and Commonwealth website. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.british-civil-wars.co.uk/biog/waller.htm">the original</a> on 9 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biography+of+Sir+William+Waller&rft.pub=British+Civil+Wars+and+Commonwealth+website&rft.date=2010-08-07&rft.aulast=Plant&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.british-civil-wars.co.uk%2Fbiog%2Fwaller.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Waller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRees2016" class="citation book cs1">Rees, John (2016). <i>The Leveller Revolution</i>. Verso. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1784783907" title="Special:BookSources/978-1784783907"><bdi>978-1784783907</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Leveller+Revolution&rft.pub=Verso&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1784783907&rft.aulast=Rees&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Waller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoyle2004" class="citation book cs1">Royle, Trevor (2004). <i>Civil War: The War of the Three Kingdoms 1638–1660</i>. Brown, Little. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0316861250" title="Special:BookSources/978-0316861250"><bdi>978-0316861250</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Civil+War%3A+The+War+of+the+Three+Kingdoms+1638%E2%80%931660&rft.pub=Brown%2C+Little&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0316861250&rft.aulast=Royle&rft.aufirst=Trevor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Waller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaller1793" class="citation book cs1">Waller, Sir William (1793). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vindicationchar00wallgoog"><i>Vindication of the Character and Conduct of Sir William Waller</i></a>. Debrett.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vindication+of+the+Character+and+Conduct+of+Sir+William+Waller&rft.pub=Debrett&rft.date=1793&rft.aulast=Waller&rft.aufirst=Sir+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvindicationchar00wallgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Waller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWanklynJones2005" class="citation book cs1">Wanklyn, Frank; Jones, Robert (2005). <i>A Military History of the English Civil War: 1642–1649</i>. Pearson Longman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0582772816" title="Special:BookSources/978-0582772816"><bdi>978-0582772816</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Military+History+of+the+English+Civil+War%3A+1642%E2%80%931649&rft.pub=Pearson+Longman&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0582772816&rft.aulast=Wanklyn&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft.au=Jones%2C+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Waller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWedgwood1958" class="citation book cs1">Wedgwood, CV (1958). <i>The King's War, 1641–1647</i> (2001 ed.). Penguin Classics. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0141390727" title="Special:BookSources/978-0141390727"><bdi>978-0141390727</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+King%27s+War%2C+1641%E2%80%931647&rft.edition=2001&rft.pub=Penguin+Classics&rft.date=1958&rft.isbn=978-0141390727&rft.aulast=Wedgwood&rft.aufirst=CV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Waller" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Waller&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.westminster-abbey.org/abbey-commemorations/commemorations/sir-william-waller">"Sir William Waller"</a>. <i>Westminster Abbey</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Westminster+Abbey&rft.atitle=Sir+William+Waller&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.westminster-abbey.org%2Fabbey-commemorations%2Fcommemorations%2Fsir-william-waller&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Waller" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_England" title="Parliament of England">Parliament of England</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Francis_Gerard,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir Francis Gerard, 2nd Baronet">Francis Gerard</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Chaloner_Chute" title="Chaloner Chute">Chaloner Chute</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of Parliament for <a href="/wiki/Middlesex_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Middlesex (UK Parliament constituency)">Middlesex</a> </b><br />1660–1661 <br />With: <b> <a href="/wiki/Lancelot_Lake" title="Lancelot Lake">Sir Lancelot Lake</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Lancelot_Lake" title="Lancelot Lake">Sir Lancelot Lake</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Allen_(English_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Allen (English politician)">Sir Thomas Allen</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000027255979">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/56831545">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/147345/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJgCQH8ppJr3qvTTt9M9Dq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/120404257">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n84133500">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14450057d">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14450057d">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p339733527">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810654092005606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007422674305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div 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