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蛋白质二级结构之β-转角超全解析 - 腾讯云开发者社区-腾讯云
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class="cdc-m-header__placeholder"></div><div class="cdc-m-header__inner"><div class="cdc-m-guider-banner is-sticky"><div class="cdc-m-guider-banner__guide-mvp" track-exposure="{"areaId":118000}" track-click="{"areaId":118000}"><div class="cdc-m-guider-banner__guide-mvp-text">精选内容/技术社群/优惠产品,<em>尽在小程序</em></div><div class="cdc-m-guider-banner__guide-mvp-btn">立即前往</div></div></div><div class="cdc-m-header__main"><div class="cdc-m-header__trigger"></div><div class="cdc-m-header__logo"><i class="cdc-m-header__logo-icon"></i></div><div class="cdc-m-header__search"><i class="cdc-m-header__search-icon"></i></div><div class="cdc-m-header__operate"><span class="cdc-m-header__operate-icon"></span></div></div></div></div><div class="J-body col-body news-body"><div class="com-body" qct-area="快讯详情页"><div class="com-body-main"><div class="com-2-layout"><div class="layout-main"><div><section class="c-mod col-article"><h1 class="col-article-title">蛋白质二级结构之β-转角超全解析</h1><div class="col-article-infos"><span class="article-infos-item">文章来源：<!-- -->企鹅号 - 小殷同学yinfo</span><div class="extra-part"><div class="com-operations"><a href="javascript:;" class="com-opt-link link-report link-hidden"><i class="com-i-warn"></i>举报</a></div></div></div><div id="news-detail-content-product-container"></div><div><div class="rno-markdown undefined rno-"><figure class=""><div class="image-block"><span class="lazy-image-holder" dataurl="https://inews.gtimg.com/om_bt/OWqUGrKxXzKROlt268TmbhPPEGkChx8c-9ECxklRP4X7kAA/0"></span></div></figure><p><strong>β-转角知多少？</strong></p><p>在蛋白质科学中，β-转角作为蛋白质折叠和功能中的关键局部结构，扮演着至关重要的角色。它们不仅在蛋白质链的折叠过程中起到桥梁作用，还在蛋白质的稳定性和生物活性中发挥着核心影响。</p><p>本文将深入探讨β-转角的定义、特征、多样性以及在蛋白质结构和功能中的作用，以揭示这些微妙结构元素的重要性。</p><p></p><figure class=""><div class="image-block"><span class="lazy-image-holder" dataurl="https://inews.gtimg.com/om_bt/O1zpevNGU9vPuWYByzUTjv-VfnJ3cFlESNKhCnp7HuKWIAA/0"></span></div></figure><p><strong>01 β-转角的定义与特征</strong></p><p>β-转角是蛋白质多肽链中的一种重要局部结构，它使得链的方向能够发生改变，最常见的是大约180度的回转。这种结构的关键特征是<strong>第一和第四个氨基酸残基之间形成的氢键，这个氢键通常跨过3个肽键，将羰基氧与氨基氢相连</strong>，为蛋白质的整体构象提供稳定性。</p><p></p><figure class=""><div class="image-block"><span class="lazy-image-holder" dataurl="https://inews.gtimg.com/om_bt/OlBqXemjseaSunkXM9xFETEZl_ajHn0O1ZqsrnrbxRiCQAA/0"></span></div></figure><p>β-转角的Cα原子间距较短，一般介于5到7Å（0.5到0.7nm），且根据氢键的位置和肽链的方向，它们可以呈现顺式或反式构型。</p><p>尽管大多数情况下，氢键的形成与Cα原子的接近程度相吻合，但并非总是如此。因此，β-转角的识别既考虑氢键的模式，也考虑Cα原子间的距离关系，这两个因素共同定义了β-转角的结构特性。</p><p><strong>02 β-转角的多样性</strong></p><p>β-转角的类型有很多，如类型I、II、IV和VIII等，每种都有其独特的氨基酸序列模式和空间构象。</p><p></p><figure class=""><div class="image-block"><span class="lazy-image-holder" dataurl="https://inews.gtimg.com/om_bt/OdD5AYuOQEDWTd4CuDWThXtwLL-6TZ3Duwt5AjkQ1wrnIAA/0"></span></div></figure><p><strong>2.1 残基数量</strong></p><p>β-转角通常包含2到4个氨基酸残基，其中最常见的是包含四个连续残基的类型，如I型和II型β-转角。</p><p><strong>2.2 主链扭转角</strong></p><p>β-转角中的主链扭转角（φ和ψ）对于确定转弯的具体类型和形状至关重要。</p><p>例如，在I型和II型β-转角中，残基i+1和i+2的扭转角对于形成特定的拉氏图模式非常关键。特别是<strong>在II型β-转角中，第二个残基往往是甘氨酸</strong>，因为甘氨酸的侧链非常小，可以适应这种转弯所需的紧凑空间和特定的扭转角度。</p><p></p><figure class=""><div class="image-block"><span class="lazy-image-holder" dataurl="https://inews.gtimg.com/om_bt/OX3dadBfnZzdbOEyDQxesXO2httzUTkwLER4LV52yHeJoAA/0"></span></div></figure><p>在I型β-转角中，氢键通常在第一个残基的羰基（C=O）和第四个残基的氨基（NH）之间形成。这种氢键模式有助于稳定一个紧凑的构象，因此I型β-转角往往呈现出较为紧密的“发夹”结构。</p><p></p><figure class=""><div class="image-block"><span class="lazy-image-holder" dataurl="https://inews.gtimg.com/om_bt/OVZNNxxcr9dTG_jLIflLIykB11cRtq-uqenIvwvpizH1gAA/0"></span></div></figure><p>而在II型β-转角中氢键主要在第二个残基的羰基和第三个残基的氨基之间形成。这种氢键模式促成了一个更为开放的构象，使得II型β-转角呈现出类似“U型”或“倒Ω型”的结构特征。</p><p><strong>03 β-转角的作用</strong></p><p><strong>3.1 折叠和组装</strong></p><p>作为蛋白质折叠的关键元件，β-转角通过改变多肽链的方向，促进蛋白质链的紧密折叠，有助于二级结构的形成，这对于蛋白质的正确组装至关重要。</p><p><strong>3.2 稳定性</strong></p><p>β-转角通过氢键和其他非共价相互作用在蛋白质的次级和三级结构中发挥关键作用，增强了蛋白质的稳定性。在蛋白质药物的开发中，β-转角的稳定性对于药物的疗效和半衰期至关重要。</p><p>例如，<strong>通过在蛋白质药物的关键β-转角区域引入脯氨酸或甘氨酸，可以提高蛋白质的稳定性</strong>。特别是脯氨酸，其刚性环状结构有助于维持蛋白质的特定构象，这有助于提高药物的疗效并减少副作用。</p><p></p><figure class=""><div class="image-block"><span class="lazy-image-holder" dataurl="https://inews.gtimg.com/om_bt/OaPjeaZiIXswiwV5etd756kafYTJPpDAmc9D19XSLhepUAA/0"></span></div></figure><p><strong>β-转角位于蛋白质表面，常常参与形成重要的生物学功能位点</strong>，如抗体识别、磷酸化、糖基化和羟基化位点。这些位点对于蛋白质的活性、调节以及与其它分子的相互作用至关重要。</p><p>例如，青霉素类药物通过与细菌细胞壁合成酶的活性位点结合，阻止细菌细胞壁的合成。在这些酶中，β-转角的存在为药物提供了一个稳定的结合口袋，使得药物可以精确地与目标蛋白结合，从而发挥其抗菌效果。</p><p></p><figure class=""><div class="image-block"><span class="lazy-image-holder" dataurl="https://inews.gtimg.com/om_bt/OnUky-yPeO2B4sYpmO8L046yiYlhai4D6O3SGfRld3FKAAA/0"></span></div></figure><p>β-转角是蛋白质多肽链中的一种关键局部结构，其多样性和复杂性对于蛋白质的稳定性和功能至关重要。从紧凑的I型β-转角到开放的II型β-转角，每一种转弯类型都通过其独特的氢键模式和主链扭转角，为蛋白质提供了丰富的结构多样性。</p><p>通过深入理解β-转角的这些特性，科研人员能够更好地预测蛋白质的行为，并在药物设计和蛋白质工程中进行有效的结构改造，以开发出更有效的治疗策略和生物技术应用。</p><p>Turns in Peptides and Proteins Rose GD, Gierasch LM and Smith JA Adv. Prot. Chem. 37 1985</p><p>Analysis and Prediction of the Different Types of beta-Turn in Proteins Wilmot CM, and Thornton JM J. Mol. Biol 203 1988</p></div></div><div id="J-viewLargeImageBox" class="zoom-mask" style="display:none;width:100%;height:100%"><div class="zoom-close"></div><div class="zoom-wrap"><img/><div class="c-loading"><div class="c-loading-inner"><div class="one"></div><div class="two"></div><div class="three"></div></div></div></div></div><ul class="col-article-source"><li><span class="article-source-item">发表于: <time dateTime="2024-09-04 17:52:45" title="2024-09-04 17:52:45"> 2024-09-04<span class="com-v-box">2024-09-04 17:52:45</span></time></span></li><li>原文链接<!-- -->：<!-- -->https://page.om.qq.com/page/OfGzFGRk-7v374rQYbHXGcIg0</li><li>腾讯「腾讯云开发者社区」是腾讯内容开放平台帐号（企鹅号）传播渠道之一，根据<a href="https://om.qq.com/notice/a/20160429/047194.htm" target="_blank" class="com-link" style="color:#00a4ff" rel="nofollow">《腾讯内容开放平台服务协议》</a>转载发布内容。</li><li>如有侵权，请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除。</li></ul><div class="col-article-tags com-v-box"><nav class="col-tags"></nav></div><div class="com-widget-operations" 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window.$render({"newsDetail":{"id":1714524,"title":"蛋白质二级结构之β-转角超全解析","status":0,"mediaName":"小殷同学yinfo","crawlTime":1725444331,"publishTime":1725443565,"content":"blocks|key|177484|text|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|177485|📷|atomic|offset|length|177486|177487|β-转角知多少？|style|BOLD|177488|在蛋白质科学中，β-转角作为蛋白质折叠和功能中的关键局部结构，扮演着至关重要的角色。它们不仅在蛋白质链的折叠过程中起到桥梁作用，还在蛋白质的稳定性和生物活性中发挥着核心影响。|177489|本文将深入探讨β-转角的定义、特征、多样性以及在蛋白质结构和功能中的作用，以揭示这些微妙结构元素的重要性。|177490|177491|177492|177493|01+β-转角的定义与特征|177494|β-转角是蛋白质多肽链中的一种重要局部结构，它使得链的方向能够发生改变，最常见的是大约180度的回转。这种结构的关键特征是第一和第四个氨基酸残基之间形成的氢键，这个氢键通常跨过3个肽键，将羰基氧与氨基氢相连，为蛋白质的整体构象提供稳定性。|177495|177496|177497|177498|β-转角的Cα原子间距较短，一般介于5到7Å（0.5到0.7nm），且根据氢键的位置和肽链的方向，它们可以呈现顺式或反式构型。|177499|尽管大多数情况下，氢键的形成与Cα原子的接近程度相吻合，但并非总是如此。因此，β-转角的识别既考虑氢键的模式，也考虑Cα原子间的距离关系，这两个因素共同定义了β-转角的结构特性。|177500|02+β-转角的多样性|177501|β-转角的类型有很多，如类型I、II、IV和VIII等，每种都有其独特的氨基酸序列模式和空间构象。|177502|177503|177504|177505|2.1+残基数量|177506|β-转角通常包含2到4个氨基酸残基，其中最常见的是包含四个连续残基的类型，如I型和II型β-转角。|177507|2.2+主链扭转角|177508|β-转角中的主链扭转角（φ和ψ）对于确定转弯的具体类型和形状至关重要。|177509|例如，在I型和II型β-转角中，残基i%2B1和i%2B2的扭转角对于形成特定的拉氏图模式非常关键。特别是在II型β-转角中，第二个残基往往是甘氨酸，因为甘氨酸的侧链非常小，可以适应这种转弯所需的紧凑空间和特定的扭转角度。|177510|177511|177512|177513|在I型β-转角中，氢键通常在第一个残基的羰基（C=O）和第四个残基的氨基（NH）之间形成。这种氢键模式有助于稳定一个紧凑的构象，因此I型β-转角往往呈现出较为紧密的“发夹”结构。|177514|177515|177516|177517|而在II型β-转角中氢键主要在第二个残基的羰基和第三个残基的氨基之间形成。这种氢键模式促成了一个更为开放的构象，使得II型β-转角呈现出类似“U型”或“倒Ω型”的结构特征。|177518|03+β-转角的作用|177519|3.1+折叠和组装|177520|作为蛋白质折叠的关键元件，β-转角通过改变多肽链的方向，促进蛋白质链的紧密折叠，有助于二级结构的形成，这对于蛋白质的正确组装至关重要。|177521|3.2+稳定性|177522|β-转角通过氢键和其他非共价相互作用在蛋白质的次级和三级结构中发挥关键作用，增强了蛋白质的稳定性。在蛋白质药物的开发中，β-转角的稳定性对于药物的疗效和半衰期至关重要。|177523|例如，通过在蛋白质药物的关键β-转角区域引入脯氨酸或甘氨酸，可以提高蛋白质的稳定性。特别是脯氨酸，其刚性环状结构有助于维持蛋白质的特定构象，这有助于提高药物的疗效并减少副作用。|177524|177525|177526|177527|β-转角位于蛋白质表面，常常参与形成重要的生物学功能位点，如抗体识别、磷酸化、糖基化和羟基化位点。这些位点对于蛋白质的活性、调节以及与其它分子的相互作用至关重要。|177528|例如，青霉素类药物通过与细菌细胞壁合成酶的活性位点结合，阻止细菌细胞壁的合成。在这些酶中，β-转角的存在为药物提供了一个稳定的结合口袋，使得药物可以精确地与目标蛋白结合，从而发挥其抗菌效果。|177529|177530|177531|177532|β-转角是蛋白质多肽链中的一种关键局部结构，其多样性和复杂性对于蛋白质的稳定性和功能至关重要。从紧凑的I型β-转角到开放的II型β-转角，每一种转弯类型都通过其独特的氢键模式和主链扭转角，为蛋白质提供了丰富的结构多样性。|177533|通过深入理解β-转角的这些特性，科研人员能够更好地预测蛋白质的行为，并在药物设计和蛋白质工程中进行有效的结构改造，以开发出更有效的治疗策略和生物技术应用。|177534|Turns+in+Peptides+and+Proteins+Rose+GD,+Gierasch+LM+and+Smith+JA+Adv.+Prot.+Chem.+37+1985|177535|Analysis+and+Prediction+of+the+Different+Types+of+beta-Turn+in+Proteins+Wilmot+CM,+and+Thornton+JM+J.+Mol.+Biol+203+1988|entityMap|0|IMAGE|mutability|IMMUTABLE|imageUrl|https://inews.gtimg.com/om_bt/OWqUGrKxXzKROlt268TmbhPPEGkChx8c-9ECxklRP4X7kAA/0|imageAlt|1|https://inews.gtimg.com/om_bt/O1zpevNGU9vPuWYByzUTjv-VfnJ3cFlESNKhCnp7HuKWIAA/0|2|https://inews.gtimg.com/om_bt/OlBqXemjseaSunkXM9xFETEZl_ajHn0O1ZqsrnrbxRiCQAA/0|3|https://inews.gtimg.com/om_bt/OdD5AYuOQEDWTd4CuDWThXtwLL-6TZ3Duwt5AjkQ1wrnIAA/0|4|https://inews.gtimg.com/om_bt/OX3dadBfnZzdbOEyDQxesXO2httzUTkwLER4LV52yHeJoAA/0|5|https://inews.gtimg.com/om_bt/OVZNNxxcr9dTG_jLIflLIykB11cRtq-uqenIvwvpizH1gAA/0|6|https://inews.gtimg.com/om_bt/OaPjeaZiIXswiwV5etd756kafYTJPpDAmc9D19XSLhepUAA/0|7|https://inews.gtimg.com/om_bt/OnUky-yPeO2B4sYpmO8L046yiYlhai4D6O3SGfRld3FKAAA/0^0|0|0|1|0|0|0|0|8|0|0|0|0|0|1|1|0|0|0|D|0|1P|16|0|0|0|1|2|0|0|0|0|0|B|0|0|0|0|1|3|0|0|0|8|0|0|0|9|0|0|1D|L|0|0|0|1|4|0|0|0|0|0|1|5|0|0|0|0|A|0|0|9|0|0|0|7|0|0|3|12|0|0|0|1|6|0|0|0|S|0|0|0|0|1|7|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|-4|4|5|6|39|7|@]|8|@]|9|$]]|$1|A|3|B|4|C|6|3A|7|@]|8|@$D|3B|E|3C|1|3D]]|9|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|4|5|6|3E|7|@]|8|@]|9|$]]|$1|G|3|H|4|5|6|3F|7|@$D|3G|E|3H|I|J]]|8|@]|9|$]]|$1|K|3|L|4|5|6|3I|7|@]|8|@]|9|$]]|$1|M|3|N|4|5|6|3J|7|@]|8|@]|9|$]]|$1|O|3|-4|4|5|6|3K|7|@]|8|@]|9|$]]|$1|P|3|B|4|C|6|3L|7|@]|8|@$D|3M|E|3N|1|3O]]|9|$]]|$1|Q|3|-4|4|5|6|3P|7|@]|8|@]|9|$]]|$1|R|3|S|4|5|6|3Q|7|@$D|3R|E|3S|I|J]]|8|@]|9|$]]|$1|T|3|U|4|5|6|3T|7|@$D|3U|E|3V|I|J]]|8|@]|9|$]]|$1|V|3|-4|4|5|6|3W|7|@]|8|@]|9|$]]|$1|W|3|B|4|C|6|3X|7|@]|8|@$D|3Y|E|3Z|1|40]]|9|$]]|$1|X|3|-4|4|5|6|41|7|@]|8|@]|9|$]]|$1|Y|3|Z|4|5|6|42|7|@]|8|@]|9|$]]|$1|10|3|11|4|5|6|43|7|@]|8|@]|9|$]]|$1|12|3|13|4|5|6|44|7|@$D|45|E|46|I|J]]|8|@]|9|$]]|$1|14|3|15|4|5|6|47|7|@]|8|@]|9|$]]|$1|16|3|-4|4|5|6|48|7|@]|8|@]|9|$]]|$1|17|3|B|4|C|6|49|7|@]|8|@$D|4A|E|4B|1|4C]]|9|$]]|$1|18|3|-4|4|5|6|4D|7|@]|8|@]|9|$]]|$1|19|3|1A|4|5|6|4E|7|@$D|4F|E|4G|I|J]]|8|@]|9|$]]|$1|1B|3|1C|4|5|6|4H|7|@]|8|@]|9|$]]|$1|1D|3|1E|4|5|6|4I|7|@$D|4J|E|4K|I|J]]|8|@]|9|$]]|$1|1F|3|1G|4|5|6|4L|7|@]|8|@]|9|$]]|$1|1H|3|1I|4|5|6|4M|7|@$D|4N|E|4O|I|J]]|8|@]|9|$]]|$1|1J|3|-4|4|5|6|4P|7|@]|8|@]|9|$]]|$1|1K|3|B|4|C|6|4Q|7|@]|8|@$D|4R|E|4S|1|4T]]|9|$]]|$1|1L|3|-4|4|5|6|4U|7|@]|8|@]|9|$]]|$1|1M|3|1N|4|5|6|4V|7|@]|8|@]|9|$]]|$1|1O|3|-4|4|5|6|4W|7|@]|8|@]|9|$]]|$1|1P|3|B|4|C|6|4X|7|@]|8|@$D|4Y|E|4Z|1|50]]|9|$]]|$1|1Q|3|-4|4|5|6|51|7|@]|8|@]|9|$]]|$1|1R|3|1S|4|5|6|52|7|@]|8|@]|9|$]]|$1|1T|3|1U|4|5|6|53|7|@$D|54|E|55|I|J]]|8|@]|9|$]]|$1|1V|3|1W|4|5|6|56|7|@$D|57|E|58|I|J]]|8|@]|9|$]]|$1|1X|3|1Y|4|5|6|59|7|@]|8|@]|9|$]]|$1|1Z|3|20|4|5|6|5A|7|@$D|5B|E|5C|I|J]]|8|@]|9|$]]|$1|21|3|22|4|5|6|5D|7|@]|8|@]|9|$]]|$1|23|3|24|4|5|6|5E|7|@$D|5F|E|5G|I|J]]|8|@]|9|$]]|$1|25|3|-4|4|5|6|5H|7|@]|8|@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β-转角的定义与特征\nβ-转角是蛋白质多肽链中的一种重要局部结构，它使得链的方向能够发生改变，最常见的是大约180度的回转。这种结构的关键特征是第一和第四个氨基酸残基之间形成的氢键，这个氢键通","originalUrl":"https://page.om.qq.com/page/OfGzFGRk-7v374rQYbHXGcIg0","readNum":51,"likeNum":0,"coverImage":"","auditTime":1725444331,"type":0,"extra":{"contentType":"packed"},"deleted":false,"keywords":[],"tags":{}},"adjacentNews":{"prevNews":{"id":1714513,"articleId":1714513,"newsId":1714513,"title":"SE-2600的视频锦集","content":"","summary":"","abstract":"","status":0,"mediaName":"","crawlTime":0,"publishTime":0,"auditTime":0,"originalUrl":"","coverImage":"","coverImageUrl":"","type":0},"nextNews":{"id":1714542,"articleId":1714542,"newsId":1714542,"title":"华为9月19日巴塞罗那举行全球创新产品发布会","content":"","summary":"","abstract":"","status":0,"mediaName":"","crawlTime":0,"publishTime":0,"auditTime":0,"originalUrl":"","coverImage":"","coverImageUrl":"","type":0}},"relatedNews":[{"auditTime":1730109651,"createTime":1730109651,"newsId":1841022,"origialPublishTime":1730109405,"status":0,"title":"你对蛋白质超二级结构了解多少？"},{"auditTime":1725507293,"createTime":1725507293,"newsId":1717775,"origialPublishTime":1725506209,"status":0,"title":"蛋白质可视化的七种表示方法"},{"createTime":1565081108,"newsId":412075,"origialPublishTime":1565070987,"status":0,"title":"人工智能成功预测蛋白质3D结构，生命科学开启新纪元"},{"auditTime":1725787875,"createTime":1725787874,"newsId":1731663,"origialPublishTime":1725786949,"status":0,"title":"JBC南方科技大学鄢仁鸿合作开发靶向ACE2-SIT1新抑制剂"},{"createTime":1698888316,"newsId":1231574,"origialPublishTime":1698887727,"status":0,"title":"揭秘蛋白质一级结构测定：从序列到结构的基本程序"},{"auditTime":1606875445,"createTime":1606857915,"newsId":734329,"origialPublishTime":1606791180,"status":1,"title":"重磅！AI解决生物学50年大挑战，破解蛋白质分子折叠问题"},{"auditTime":1725462098,"createTime":1725462098,"newsId":1715920,"origialPublishTime":1725461247,"status":0,"title":"终于有人研究CAR 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