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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Critical_reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Critical reception</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Critical_reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Illness_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Illness_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Illness and death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Illness_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Works</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Works-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Works subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Book_reviews" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Book_reviews"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Book reviews</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Book_reviews-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div 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class="mw-page-title-main">Tony Judt</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%AA" title="توني جدت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="توني جدت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8A%D0%B4" title="Тони Джъд – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тони Джъд" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Judt" title="Tony Judt – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tony Judt" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Judt" title="Tony Judt – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tony Judt" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Judt" title="Tony Judt – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tony Judt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Judt" title="Tony Judt – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tony Judt" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Judt" title="Tony Judt – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tony Judt" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Judt" title="Tony Judt – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tony Judt" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Judt" title="Tony Judt – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tony Judt" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Judt" title="Tony Judt – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tony Judt" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EB%8B%88_%EC%A3%BC%ED%8A%B8" title="토니 주트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="토니 주트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Judt" title="Tony Judt – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tony Judt" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Judt" title="Tony Judt – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tony Judt" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%92%27%D7%90%D7%98" title="טוני ג'אט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טוני ג'אט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonius_Judt" title="Antonius Judt – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Antonius Judt" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Judt" title="Tony Judt – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Tony Judt" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%89_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%AA" title="تونى جدت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تونى جدت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Judt" title="Tony Judt – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tony Judt" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%83%E3%83%88" title="トニー・ジャット – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トニー・ジャット" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Judt" title="Tony Judt – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tony Judt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Judt" title="Tony Judt – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tony Judt" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Judt" title="Tony Judt – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tony Judt" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Judt" title="Tony Judt – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tony Judt" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%82,_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Джадт, Тони – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Джадт, Тони" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Judt" title="Tony Judt – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tony Judt" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Judt" title="Tony Judt – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tony Judt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5_%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="โทนี จัดต์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โทนี จัดต์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Judt" title="Tony Judt – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tony Judt" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%82" title="Тоні Джадт – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тоні Джадт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%98%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E6%9C%B1%E7%89%B9" title="托尼·朱特 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="托尼·朱特" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q312279#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Tony Judt</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_British_Academy" title="Fellow of the British Academy">FBA</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Tony_Judt_brooklyn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f6/Tony_Judt_brooklyn.jpg/220px-Tony_Judt_brooklyn.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f6/Tony_Judt_brooklyn.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="283" data-file-height="352" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Tony Robert Judt</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1948-01-02</span>)</span>2 January 1948<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">London, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">6 August 2010<span style="display:none">(2010-08-06)</span> (aged 62)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">New York City, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Normale_Sup%C3%A9rieure" class="mw-redirect" title="École Normale Supérieure">École Normale Supérieure</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Historian; <a href="/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque">Erich Maria Remarque</a> Professor in European Studies at <a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Homans" title="Jennifer Homans">Jennifer Homans</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Tony Robert Judt</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_British_Academy" title="Fellow of the British Academy">FBA</a></span></span> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">JUT</span></i></a>; 2 January 1948 – 6 August 2010)<sup id="cite_ref-grimes_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grimes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was an English historian, essayist and university professor who specialised in <a href="/wiki/European_history" class="mw-redirect" title="European history">European history</a>. Judt moved to New York and served as the <a href="/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque">Erich Maria Remarque</a> Professor in European Studies at <a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a> and director of NYU's <a href="/wiki/Remarque_Institute" title="Remarque Institute">Remarque Institute</a>. He was a frequent contributor to <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Review_of_Books" title="The New York Review of Books">The New York Review of Books</a></i>. In 1996 Judt was elected a Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> and in 2007 a corresponding Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/British_Academy" title="British Academy">British Academy</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tony_Judt&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Judt was born on 2 January 1948 in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Jewish_secularism" title="Jewish secularism">secular Jewish</a> parents,<sup id="cite_ref-grimes_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grimes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Isaac Joseph ("Joe") Judt and Stella S Judt. His mother's parents had emigrated from Russia and Romania, and his father was born in Belgium and had immigrated as a boy to Ireland and then subsequently to England. Judt's parents lived in <a href="/wiki/North_London" title="North London">North London</a>, but due to the closure of the local hospitals in response to an outbreak of infant <a href="/wiki/Dysentery" title="Dysentery">dysentery</a>, Judt was born in a <a href="/wiki/Salvation_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Salvation Army">Salvation Army</a> maternity unit in <a href="/wiki/Bethnal_Green" title="Bethnal Green">Bethnal Green</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/East_End_of_London" title="East End of London">East End of London</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When he was a small boy, the family moved from <a href="/wiki/Tottenham" title="Tottenham">Tottenham</a> to a flat above his mother's business in <a href="/wiki/Putney" title="Putney">Putney</a>, South London. When Judt was nine years of age, following the birth of his sister, the family moved to a house in <a href="/wiki/Kingston-upon-Thames" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingston-upon-Thames">Kingston-upon-Thames</a>, Surrey. The family's main language was English, although Judt often spoke French to his father and his father's family.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Judt won a place at <a href="/wiki/Emanuel_School" title="Emanuel School">Emanuel School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wandsworth" title="Wandsworth">Wandsworth</a>, and following his education at Emanuel, he went on to study as a scholarship student at <a href="/wiki/King%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="King's College, Cambridge">King's College, Cambridge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wheatcroft_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wheatcroft-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the first member of his family to finish secondary school and to go to university.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At Cambridge, Judt became close friends with <a href="/wiki/Martyn_Poliakoff" title="Martyn Poliakoff">Martyn Poliakoff</a>, who later became well known as a chemist and star of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Periodic_Table_of_Videos" class="mw-redirect" title="The Periodic Table of Videos">The Periodic Table of Videos</a></i> (Judt watched his videos and would regularly write to him about them).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He obtained a BA degree in history in 1969 and after spending a year at the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Normale_Sup%C3%A9rieure" class="mw-redirect" title="École Normale Supérieure">École Normale Supérieure</a> in Paris completed a PhD in 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-Grimes_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grimes-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a high school and university student he was a left-wing <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionist</a>, and worked summers on kibbutzim. He moved away from Zionism after the <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a> of 1967, later saying, "I went with this idealistic fantasy of creating a socialist, communitarian country", but that he came to realise that left-wing Zionists were "remarkably unconscious of the people who had been kicked out of the country...to make this fantasy possible".<sup id="cite_ref-Wheatcroft_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wheatcroft-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He came to describe his Zionism as his particular "ideological overinvestment" and he moved away from <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a> in the 1970s and 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-NPR_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPR-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Judt wrote in February 2010, "Before even turning twenty I had become, been, and ceased to be a Zionist, a Marxist, and a communitarian settler: no mean achievement for a south London teenager".<sup id="cite_ref-Kibbutz_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kibbutz-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In later life, he described himself as "a universalist social democrat".<sup id="cite_ref-Kibbutz_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kibbutz-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After completing his Cambridge doctorate, Judt was elected a junior fellow of <a href="/wiki/King%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="King's College, Cambridge">King's College, Cambridge</a> in 1972, where he taught modern French history until 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a brief stint teaching social history at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a>, he returned to the United Kingdom in 1980 to teach politics at <a href="/wiki/St_Anne%27s_College,_Oxford" title="St Anne's College, Oxford">St Anne's College, Oxford</a>. He moved to <a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a> in 1987. </p><p>Judt's works include the highly acclaimed <i><a href="/wiki/Postwar:_A_History_of_Europe_Since_1945" title="Postwar: A History of Europe Since 1945">Postwar</a></i>, a history of Europe after the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>. He was also well known for his views on Israel, which generated significant debate after he advocated a <a href="/wiki/One-state_solution" title="One-state solution">one-state solution</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a>. According to journalist David Herman, Judt's directorship of the Remarque Institute, <i>Postwar</i> and his articles on Israel made him "one of the best-known public intellectuals in America", having previously been "a fairly obscure British historian, specializing in modern French history".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In an interview a few weeks before his death, Judt said, "I see myself as first and above all a teacher of history; next a writer of European history; next a commentator on European affairs; next a public intellectual voice within the American Left; and only then an occasional, opportunistic participant in the pained American discussion of the <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> matter".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Judt was married three times, his first two marriages ending in divorce. His third marriage was to <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Homans" title="Jennifer Homans">Jennifer Homans</a>, <i>The New Republic'</i>s dance critic, with whom he had two children.<sup id="cite_ref-grimes_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grimes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-observer_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-observer-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2010, Judt and his son Daniel wrote a dialogue about Barack Obama, politics and corporate behaviour for <i>The New York Times</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writings">Writings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tony_Judt&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Writings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_history">European history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tony_Judt&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: European history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Judt's experiences in Paris contributed to a long and fruitful relationship with French political culture. He translated his Cambridge doctorate into French and published it in 1976 as <i>La reconstruction du parti socialiste: 1921–1926</i>. It was introduced by Annie Kriegel, who along with <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Agulhon" title="Maurice Agulhon">Maurice Agulhon</a> was an important influence on his early work as a French social historian. Judt's second book, <i>Socialism in Provence 1871–1914: A Study in the Origins of the French Modern Left</i>, an "enquiry into a political tradition that shaped a nation",<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was an attempt to explain early origins and the continuities of left-wing politics in the region. More than any other work by Judt, <i>Socialism in Provence</i> was based on extensive archival research. It was his only attempt to place himself within the social history that was dominant in the 1970s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Modern_French_history">Modern French history</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tony_Judt&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Modern French history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1970s and 1980s, Judt was a historian of modern France. <i>Marxism and the French Left: Studies in Labour and Politics in France 1830–1981</i> collects several previously unpublished essays on the 19th and 20th centuries, ending with a discussion of <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a>. In <i>Past Imperfect: French Intellectuals, 1944–1956</i>, Judt moved away both from social history toward intellectual history, and from the endorsement of <a href="/wiki/French_Left" title="French Left">French Left</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marxist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist">Marxist</a> traditions to their critique. In <i>Past Imperfect</i>, he castigated French intellectuals of the postwar era, above all <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Jean-Paul Sartre</a>, for their "self-imposed moral amnesia".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Judt criticised what he considered blind faith in <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>'s communism. In Judt's reading, French thinkers such as Sartre were blinded by their own provincialism, and unable to see that their calls for intellectual authenticity should have required them to interrogate their own attachment to communism and criticise the Soviet Union for its policies in postwar eastern Europe. This was in some sense a criticism from within, using French sources and polemical style against famous French intellectuals. Judt made a similar case in some of his more popular writings. </p><p>After President <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chirac" title="Jacques Chirac">Jacques Chirac</a> recognised the responsibility of the French state during the <a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany_and_Fascist_Italy" title="Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy">collaboration</a> in 1995, on the anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Vel%27_d%27Hiv_Roundup" title="Vel' d'Hiv Roundup">Vel' d'Hiv raid</a>, Judt wrote in a <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i> op-ed, "people like Jean-Paul Sartre and <a href="/wiki/Michel_Foucault" title="Michel Foucault">Michel Foucault</a> were curiously silent. One reason was their near-obsession with Communism. While proclaiming the need to 'engage', to take a stand, two generations of intellectuals avoided any ethical issue that could not advance or, in some cases, retard the Marxist cause. Vichy was dismissed as the work of a few senile Fascists. No one looked closely at what had happened during the Occupation, perhaps because very few intellectuals of any political stripe could claim to have had a 'good' war, as <a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Albert Camus</a> did. No one stood up to cry '<a href="/wiki/J%27Accuse%E2%80%A6!" class="mw-redirect" title="J'Accuse…!">J'accuse!</a>' at high functionaries, as <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Zola" title="Émile Zola">Émile Zola</a> did during the <a href="/wiki/Dreyfus_affair" title="Dreyfus affair">Dreyfus affair</a>. When <a href="/wiki/Simone_de_Beauvoir" title="Simone de Beauvoir">Simone de Beauvoir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roland_Barthes" title="Roland Barthes">Roland Barthes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida">Jacques Derrida</a> entered the public arena, it usually involved a crisis far away—in Madagascar, Vietnam or Cambodia. Even today, politically engaged writers call for action in Bosnia but intervene only sporadically in debates about the French past."<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Postwar"><i>Postwar</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tony_Judt&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Postwar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the years after the publication of <i>Past Imperfect</i>, Judt turned his attention to wider issues of European history. He spent the 1980s and much of the 1990s at Emory, Oxford, Stanford, and Vienna, where he taught political theory, learned Czech and became friendly with a number of east European intellectuals. <a href="/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque">Erich Maria Remarque</a>'s widow, actress <a href="/wiki/Paulette_Goddard" title="Paulette Goddard">Paulette Goddard</a>, bequeathed her fortune to <a href="/wiki/NYU" class="mw-redirect" title="NYU">NYU</a>, enabling the Institute of European Studies bearing Remarque's name to come into being under Judt's direction. </p><p>Judt's first broader book of this period—the result of a speech delivered at the <a href="/wiki/Bologna_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Bologna Center">Johns Hopkins-SAIS Bologna Center</a> in 1995—was <i>A Grand Illusion?</i> In this extended essay, he dealt directly with the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> and its prospects, which, in his view, were quite bleak. According to Judt, Europe's sense of its divisions had long been one of the "defining obsessions of its inhabitants".<sup id="cite_ref-grand_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grand-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 46">: 46 </span></sup> The benefits of European unity, he argued, were unevenly distributed and the regions that EU policy favoured came to have more in common with each other than with their neighbours in the same state. The <a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a> region in southwestern Germany, the <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" title="Rhône-Alpes">Rhône-Alpes</a> region of France, <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a> were invoked as examples of disproportionately rich "super-regions". Another division, Judt claimed, could be seen in the <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Agreement" title="Schengen Agreement">Schengen Agreement</a>. Nothing more than a "highest common factor of discriminatory political arithmetic",<sup id="cite_ref-grand_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grand-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 125">: 125 </span></sup> the Schengen Agreement made Eastern European countries into barrier states designed to keep undesirable immigrants at bay. Similar dangers existed in eastern Europe, where former critics of Soviet universalism deftly recycled themselves into anti-European, nationalist agitators. </p><p>These problems, Judt wrote, could find resolution only in increased national intervention. States would be called upon to redistribute wealth and preserve the decaying social fabric of the societies they governed. This conception of the role of the state was carried over—albeit in slightly different form—into Judt's 2005 book, <i><a href="/wiki/Postwar:_A_History_of_Europe_Since_1945" title="Postwar: A History of Europe Since 1945">Postwar: A History of Europe Since 1945</a></i>. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Postwar_book_tony_judt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/98/Postwar_book_tony_judt.jpg/150px-Postwar_book_tony_judt.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/98/Postwar_book_tony_judt.jpg/225px-Postwar_book_tony_judt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/98/Postwar_book_tony_judt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="389" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Postwar:_A_History_of_Europe_Since_1945" title="Postwar: A History of Europe Since 1945">Postwar: A History of Europe Since 1945</a></i> cover</figcaption></figure> <p>In <i>Postwar</i>, Judt examined the history of Europe from the end of World War II (1945) to 2005. Writing on such a broad subject was something of a departure for Judt, whose earlier works, such as <i>Socialism in Provence</i> and <i>Past Imperfect</i>, had focused on challenging conventional assumptions about the French Left. At nearly 900 pages, <i>Postwar</i> has won considerable praise for its sweeping, encyclopaedic scope<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was a runner-up for the 2006 <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_General_Nonfiction" title="Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction">Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Judt's obituary, the BBC wrote that <i>Postwar</i> was "acclaimed by historians as one of the best works on the subject" of modern European history.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>New York Times Book Review</i> named the book one of the ten best of 2005<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, in 2009, the <i><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Star" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Star</a></i> named it the decade's best historical book.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ill_Fares_the_Land"><i>Ill Fares the Land</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tony_Judt&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Ill Fares the Land"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Judt's last book published during his lifetime, <i>Ill Fares the Land</i>, projected lessons learned forward, challenging readers to debate "what comes next?" The book made the case for renewed <a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">social democracy</a>; it received mixed reviews.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Written under the debilitating effects of <a href="/wiki/Amyotrophic_lateral_sclerosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis">amyotrophic lateral sclerosis</a>, <i>Ill Fares The Land</i> (2010) has been called Judt's "most overtly political book" and a "dramatic intervention" in the decline of the progressive ideals of the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Prospect_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prospect-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Judt laments the breakdown of the postwar Keynesian policy consensus as well as the rise of <a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">neoliberal</a> economics with its political manifestations under <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Thatcher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Reagan</a>, and others. In analysing the limited success achieved by <a href="/wiki/Third_Way_(centrism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Way (centrism)">Third Way</a> triangulation and the paradoxical resurgence of unfettered capitalism after the <a href="/wiki/Global_Financial_Crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Global Financial Crisis">global financial crisis</a>, Judt calls the recent past "lost decades" marked by "fantasies of prosperity".<sup id="cite_ref-Harpers2010_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harpers2010-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The missing reward from modern government has been <a href="/wiki/Social_progress" class="mw-redirect" title="Social progress">social progress</a>, and Judt explores how the <a href="/wiki/Social_contract" title="Social contract">social contract</a> that had defined the postwar world—with guarantees of security, stability, and fairness—is no longer considered a legitimate social goal.<sup id="cite_ref-aljaz_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aljaz-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He concludes the book with a "passionate appeal for a return to social-democratic ideals".<sup id="cite_ref-Harpers2010_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harpers2010-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israel">Israel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tony_Judt&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Israel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Judt's parents were British citizens and secular Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-Wheatcroft_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wheatcroft-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He enthusiastically embraced Zionism at age 15. For a time he wished to emigrate to Israel, against the wishes of his parents, who were concerned about his studies. In 1966, having won an exhibition to King's College, Cambridge, he worked for the summer on kibbutz Machanaim. When Nasser expelled UN troops from Sinai in 1967, and Israel mobilised for war, he volunteered to replace kibbutz members who had been called up. During and in the aftermath of the Six-Day War, he worked as a driver and translator for the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-forward_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forward-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the war, Judt's belief in the Zionist enterprise began to unravel. </p><p>In October 2003, in an article for <i>The New York Review of Books</i>, Judt argued that Israel was on its way to becoming a "belligerently intolerant, faith-driven ethno-state." He called for the conversion of "Israel from a Jewish state to a <a href="/wiki/Binational_solution" class="mw-redirect" title="Binational solution">binational</a> one" that would include all of what is now Israel, Gaza, East Jerusalem, and the West Bank. This proposed new state would have equal rights for all Jews and <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a> living in Israel and the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Palestinian territories</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The article, which presented a view of Middle Eastern history and politics that had rarely been given exposure in the mainstream media in the U.S., generated an explosive response, positive as well as negative. It drew strong criticism from pro-Israeli writers who saw such a plan as "destroying" Israel and replacing it with a predominantly Palestinian state governed by a Palestinian majority.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>NYRB</i> was inundated with over a thousand letters within a week of its publication, peppered with terms like "antisemite" and "<a href="/wiki/Self-hating_Jew" title="Self-hating Jew">self-hating Jew</a>", and the article led to Judt's removal from the <a href="/wiki/Editorial_board" title="Editorial board">editorial board</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Republic" title="The New Republic">The New Republic</a>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2004 Judt gave a public speech at Columbia University in which he further developed his views.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2006, Judt wrote an op-ed piece for <i>The New York Times</i> about the <a href="/wiki/John_Mearsheimer" title="John Mearsheimer">John Mearsheimer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Walt" title="Stephen Walt">Stephen Walt</a> paper "<a href="/wiki/The_Israel_Lobby_and_U.S._Foreign_Policy" title="The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy">The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy</a>". Judt argued that "[in] spite of [the paper's] provocative title, the essay draws on a wide variety of standard sources and is mostly uncontentious [.... Does] the Israel Lobby affect our foreign policy choices? Of course—that is one of its goals [...]. But does pressure to support Israel distort American decisions? That's a matter of judgment." He summed up his assessment of Mearsheimer and Walt's paper by asserting that "this essay, by two 'realist' political scientists with no interest whatsoever in the Palestinians, is a straw in the wind." He predicted that "it will not be self-evident to future generations of Americans why the imperial might and international reputation of the United States are so closely aligned with one small, controversial Mediterranean client state."<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2006, Judt continued in a similar vein with a feature-length article, "The Country That Wouldn't Grow Up", for the Israeli newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>.</i> The article, published the day before <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Independence_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Independence Day">Israeli Independence Day</a>, recaps Israel's short history, describing what Judt saw as a steady decline in Israel's credibility that began with the Six-Day War in 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-Hatz_2006_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hatz_2006-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 4 October 2006, Judt's scheduled New York talk before the organisation <a href="/w/index.php?title=Network_20/20&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Network 20/20 (page does not exist)">Network 20/20</a> was abruptly cancelled after Polish Consul Krzysztof Kasprzyk suddenly withdrew his offer of a venue following phone calls from the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League" title="Anti-Defamation League">Anti-Defamation League</a> and the <a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_Committee" title="American Jewish Committee">American Jewish Committee</a>. The consul later told a reporter, "I don't have to subscribe to the <a href="/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="First Amendment to the United States Constitution">First Amendment</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Sun" title="The New York Sun">The New York Sun</a></i>, "the appearance at the Polish consulate was canceled after the Polish government decided that Mr. Judt's views critical of Israel were not consistent with Poland's friendly relations with the Jewish state."<sup id="cite_ref-nysun_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nysun-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>, the ADL and AJC had complained to the Polish consul that Judt was "too critical of Israel and American Jewry", though both organisations deny asking that the talk be cancelled. ADL National Chairman <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Foxman" title="Abraham Foxman">Abraham Foxman</a> called Judt's claims of interference "wild conspiracy theories." Kasprzyk told <i>The Washington Post</i> that "the phone calls were very elegant but may be interpreted as exercising a delicate pressure. That's obvious—we are adults and our IQs are high enough to understand that." Judt, who had planned to argue that the Israel lobby in the U.S. often stifled honest debate, called the implications of the cancellation "serious and frightening." He added that "only in America—not in Israel—is this a problem", charging that vigorous criticism of Israeli policy, acceptable in Israel itself, is taboo in the U.S. Of the ADL and AJC, he said, "These are Jewish organizations that believe they should keep people who disagree with them on the Middle East away from anyone who might listen."<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The cancellation evoked protest from a roster of academics and intellectuals who said there had been an attempt to intimidate and shut down free debate.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Lilla" title="Mark Lilla">Mark Lilla</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Sennett" title="Richard Sennett">Richard Sennett</a> wrote a letter to Foxman in protest, which was signed by 114 people and published in <i>The New York Review of Books</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a later exchange on the subject in <i>The New York Review of Books</i>, Lilla and Sennet argued, "Even without knowing the substance of those 'nice' calls from the ADL and AJC, any impartial observer will recognize them as not so subtle forms of pressure."<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ADL and AJC defended their decision to contact the Polish consulate and rejected Judt's characterisation of them. Foxman accused his critics of themselves stifling free speech when "they use inflammatory words like 'threaten,' 'pressure,' and 'intimidate' that bear no resemblance to what actually transpired." He wrote that the "ADL did not threaten or intimidate or pressure anyone. The Polish consul general made his decision concerning Tony Judt's appearance strictly on his own." Foxman said that Judt had "taken the position that Israel shouldn't exist [and t]hat puts him on our radar", while AJC executive director David A. Harris said that he wanted to tell the consulate that the thrust of Judt's talk ran "contrary to the entire spirit of Polish foreign policy".<sup id="cite_ref-nysun_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nysun-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a March 2007 interview, Judt argued the American need to block <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Israel" title="Criticism of Israel">criticism of Israel</a> stemmed from the rise of <a href="/wiki/Identity_politics" title="Identity politics">identity politics</a> in the U.S. "I didn't think I knew until then just how deep and how uniquely American this obsession with blocking any criticism of Israel is. It is uniquely American." He added ruefully: "Apparently, the line you take on Israel trumps everything else in life".<sup id="cite_ref-FT_interview_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FT_interview-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Asked during an interview with <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a> shortly before his death about his taste for controversy, Judt said, "I've only ever published four little essays in a lifetime of book writing and lecturing and teaching, just four little essays which touched controversially on painful bits of other people's anatomies, so to speak. Two of them were about Israel".<sup id="cite_ref-NPR_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPR-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Critical_reception">Critical reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tony_Judt&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Critical reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Judt's peers praised him for his wide-ranging knowledge and versatility in historical analysis. <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Freedland" title="Jonathan Freedland">Jonathan Freedland</a> wrote in <i>NYRB</i>, "There are not many professors in any field equipped to produce, for example, learned essays on the novels of <a href="/wiki/Primo_Levi" title="Primo Levi">Primo Levi</a> and the writings of the now forgotten <a href="/wiki/Manes_Sperber" class="mw-redirect" title="Manes Sperber">Manès Sperber</a>—yet also able to turn their hand to, say, a close, diplomatic analysis of the <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">Cuban missile crisis</a> of 1962."<sup id="cite_ref-nyrb2008_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyrb2008-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Freedland added that Judt had demonstrated "through more than a decade of essays written for America's foremost journals... that he belongs to each one of those rare, polymathic categories."<sup id="cite_ref-nyrb2008_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyrb2008-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In reviewing Judt's <i>Reappraisals: Reflections on the Forgotten Twentieth Century</i>, Freedland wrote that Judt had put conscience ahead of friendship during his life and demanded the same courage in others. </p><p>In 2009, Judt received a Special <a href="/wiki/Orwell_Prize" title="Orwell Prize">Orwell Prize</a> for Lifetime Achievement for his contribution to British political writing.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some of his peers had a more critical view of Judt. Dylan Riley of the University of California, Berkeley, argued that Judt was more of a pamphleteer and a polemicist than a historian, and that he changed his views without hesitation or good reason.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2007 Judt received the <a href="/wiki/Hannah_Arendt_Prize" title="Hannah Arendt Prize">Hannah Arendt Prize</a> for Political Thought (German: <i>Hannah-Arendt-Preis für politisches Denken</i>), a prize awarded to individuals representing the tradition of political theorist <a href="/wiki/Hannah_Arendt" title="Hannah Arendt">Hannah Arendt</a>, especially in regard to totalitarianism. It was instituted by the German Heinrich Böll Foundation (affiliated with the Alliance '90/The Greens) and the government of Bremen in 1994, and is awarded by an international jury. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Illness_and_death">Illness and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tony_Judt&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Illness and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In September 2008, Judt was diagnosed with <a href="/wiki/Amyotrophic_lateral_sclerosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis">amyotrophic lateral sclerosis</a> (ALS). From October 2009, he was paralysed from the neck down. He was nevertheless able to give a two-hour public lecture.<sup id="cite_ref-Pilkington_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pilkington-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2010, Judt wrote a short article about his condition, the first of a series of memoirs published in <i>The New York Review of Books</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2010, Judt was interviewed by <a href="/wiki/Terry_Gross" title="Terry Gross">Terry Gross</a> on NPR's <i><a href="/wiki/Fresh_Air" title="Fresh Air">Fresh Air</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-NPR_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPR-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in June he was interviewed by the BBC's disability affairs correspondent <a href="/wiki/Peter_White_(broadcaster)" title="Peter White (broadcaster)">Peter White</a> for the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">Radio 4</a> programme <i>No Triumph, No Tragedy</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Judt died of ALS at his home in Manhattan on 6 August 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was two weeks after a major interview and retrospective of his work in <i><a href="/wiki/Prospect_(magazine)" title="Prospect (magazine)">Prospect</a></i> magazine<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the day before an article about his illness was published in the <i><a href="/wiki/Irish_Independent" title="Irish Independent">Irish Independent</a></i> indicating that he "won't surrender anytime soon" and comparing his suffering to that of author <a href="/wiki/Terry_Pratchett" title="Terry Pratchett">Terry Pratchett</a>, who was diagnosed with early-onset <a href="/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease" title="Alzheimer's disease">Alzheimer's disease</a> in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly before his death, according to <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>, he was said to have possessed the "liveliest mind in New York."<sup id="cite_ref-Historian_Tony_Judt_dies_aged_62_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historian_Tony_Judt_dies_aged_62-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He continued his work as a public intellectual right up until his death, writing essays for <i>The New York Review of Books</i><sup id="cite_ref-Historian_Tony_Judt_dies_aged_62_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historian_Tony_Judt_dies_aged_62-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and composing and completing a synthetic intellectual history, <i><a href="/wiki/Thinking_the_Twentieth_Century" title="Thinking the Twentieth Century">Thinking the Twentieth Century</a></i>, with fellow historian <a href="/wiki/Timothy_D._Snyder" class="mw-redirect" title="Timothy D. Snyder">Timothy D. Snyder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Snyder_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Snyder-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Judt also wrote a memoir, <i>The Memory Chalet</i>, published posthumously in November 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his illness, Judt made use of the <a href="/wiki/Method_of_loci" title="Method of loci">memory palace</a> technique to remember paragraphs of text during the night, which he placed mentally in rooms of a <a href="/wiki/Chalet" title="Chalet">Swiss chalet</a> and then dictated to his assistant the next day.<sup id="cite_ref-NPR_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPR-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pilkington_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pilkington-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Judt's death, <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> called him "a historian of the very first order, a public intellectual of an old-fashioned kind and—in more ways than one—a very brave man".<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also praised for carrying out what he called the historian's task: "to tell what is almost always an uncomfortable story and explain why the discomfort is part of the truth we need to live well and live properly. A well-organised society is one in which we know the truth about ourselves collectively, not one in which we tell pleasant lies about ourselves". Mark Levine, a professor of history at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_at_Irvine" class="mw-redirect" title="University of California at Irvine">University of California at Irvine</a>, said that Judt's "writings on European history and the need for a new social contract between rulers and ruled can inspire a new generation of scholars and activists in other cultures".<sup id="cite_ref-aljaz_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aljaz-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his obituary in <i>The New York Review of Books</i>, <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Garton_Ash" title="Timothy Garton Ash">Timothy Garton Ash</a> placed Judt in "the great tradition of the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">spectateur engagé</i></span>, the politically engaged but independent and critical intellectual."<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tony_Judt&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/20px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/30px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text" style="width: auto;"><div class="mbox-text-span">This list is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">incomplete</a>; you can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tony_Judt&action=edit">adding missing items</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2018</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tony_Judt&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJudt1976" class="citation book cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Judt, Tony</a> (1976). <i>La reconstruction du parti socialiste : 1921–1926</i>. Presses de la Fondation nationale des sciences politique. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2724603385" title="Special:BookSources/978-2724603385"><bdi>978-2724603385</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+reconstruction+du+parti+socialiste+%3A+1921%E2%80%931926&rft.pub=Presses+de+la+Fondation+nationale+des+sciences+politique&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-2724603385&rft.aulast=Judt&rft.aufirst=Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertsReddyJudtExell1979" class="citation book cs1">Roberts, Michael; Reddy, William; Judt, Tony; Exell, Arthur; Armstrong, Frankie; Pearson, Brain; Wilen, Sean (1979). <i>History Workshop, a Journal of Socialist Historians No 7 Spring 1979</i>. Camelot Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780904383966" title="Special:BookSources/9780904383966"><bdi>9780904383966</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+Workshop%2C+a+Journal+of+Socialist+Historians+No+7+Spring+1979&rft.pub=Camelot+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=9780904383966&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Reddy%2C+William&rft.au=Judt%2C+Tony&rft.au=Exell%2C+Arthur&rft.au=Armstrong%2C+Frankie&rft.au=Pearson%2C+Brain&rft.au=Wilen%2C+Sean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJudt1979" class="citation book cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Judt, Tony</a> (1979). <i>Socialism in Provence 1871–1914: A Study in the Origins of the Modern French Left</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-22172-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-22172-2"><bdi>0-521-22172-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Socialism+in+Provence+1871%E2%80%931914%3A+A+Study+in+the+Origins+of+the+Modern+French+Left&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0-521-22172-2&rft.aulast=Judt&rft.aufirst=Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTony_Judt1989" class="citation book cs1">Tony Judt, ed. (1989). <i>Resistance and Revolution in Mediterranean Europe 1939–1948</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-01580-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-01580-4"><bdi>0-415-01580-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Resistance+and+Revolution+in+Mediterranean+Europe+1939%E2%80%931948&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-415-01580-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span> (Editor)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJudt1990" class="citation book cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Judt, Tony</a> (1990). <i>Marxism and the French Left: Studies on Labour and Politics in France 1830–1982</i>. Clarendon. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-821578-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-821578-9"><bdi>0-19-821578-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marxism+and+the+French+Left%3A+Studies+on+Labour+and+Politics+in+France+1830%E2%80%931982&rft.pub=Clarendon&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-19-821578-9&rft.aulast=Judt&rft.aufirst=Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJudt1992" class="citation book cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Judt, Tony</a> (1992). <i><a href="/wiki/Past_Imperfect:_French_Intellectuals,_1944-1956" class="mw-redirect" title="Past Imperfect: French Intellectuals, 1944-1956">Past Imperfect: French Intellectuals, 1944-1956</a></i>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-07921-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-07921-3"><bdi>0-520-07921-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Past+Imperfect%3A+French+Intellectuals%2C+1944-1956&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-520-07921-3&rft.aulast=Judt&rft.aufirst=Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJudt1996" class="citation book cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Judt, Tony</a> (1996). <i>A Grand Illusion? An Essay on Europe</i>. Douglas & McIntyre. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8090-5093-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8090-5093-5"><bdi>0-8090-5093-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Grand+Illusion%3F+An+Essay+on+Europe&rft.pub=Douglas+%26+McIntyre&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-8090-5093-5&rft.aulast=Judt&rft.aufirst=Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJudt1998" class="citation book cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Judt, Tony</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/burdenofresponsi00judt"><i>The Burden of Responsibility: Blum, Camus, Aron, and the French Twentieth Century</i></a>. University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-41418-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-41418-3"><bdi>0-226-41418-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Burden+of+Responsibility%3A+Blum%2C+Camus%2C+Aron%2C+and+the+French+Twentieth+Century&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-226-41418-3&rft.aulast=Judt&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fburdenofresponsi00judt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIstván_DeákJan_T._GrossTony_Judt2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Istv%C3%A1n_De%C3%A1k" title="István Deák">István Deák</a>; <a href="/wiki/Jan_T._Gross" title="Jan T. Gross">Jan T. Gross</a>; Tony Judt, eds. (2000). <i>The Politics of Retribution in Europe: World War II and its Aftermath</i>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4039-6393-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-4039-6393-2"><bdi>1-4039-6393-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Politics+of+Retribution+in+Europe%3A+World+War+II+and+its+Aftermath&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-4039-6393-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span> (Editor)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_GaulleHoffmannThatcherBundt2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">de Gaulle, Charles</a>; Hoffmann, Stanely; <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Thatcher, Margaret</a>; Bundt, Kate Hansen; Mearsheimer, John J.; Malcolm, Noel; Figaro, Le; Chevènement, Jean-Pierre; Pasqua, Charles (30 July 2001). Tiersky, Ronald (ed.). <i>Euro-skepticism: A Reader</i>. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780742510531" title="Special:BookSources/9780742510531"><bdi>9780742510531</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Euro-skepticism%3A+A+Reader&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield+Publishers&rft.date=2001-07-30&rft.isbn=9780742510531&rft.aulast=de+Gaulle&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.au=Hoffmann%2C+Stanely&rft.au=Thatcher%2C+Margaret&rft.au=Bundt%2C+Kate+Hansen&rft.au=Mearsheimer%2C+John+J.&rft.au=Malcolm%2C+Noel&rft.au=Figaro%2C+Le&rft.au=Chev%C3%A8nement%2C+Jean-Pierre&rft.au=Pasqua%2C+Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span> (Contributor)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJudt2001" class="citation book cs1">Judt, Tony (18 August 2001). Schain, Martin A. (ed.). <i>The Marshall Plan: Fifty Years After(Europe in Transition: The NYU European Studies Series)</i>. Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781349627509" title="Special:BookSources/9781349627509"><bdi>9781349627509</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Marshall+Plan%3A+Fifty+Years+After%28Europe+in+Transition%3A+The+NYU+European+Studies+Series%29&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2001-08-18&rft.isbn=9781349627509&rft.aulast=Judt&rft.aufirst=Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span> (Introduction)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZertalJudt2002" class="citation book cs1">Zertal, Idith; Judt, Tony (2002). <i>Israel's Holocaust and the Politics of Nationhood</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780511124044" title="Special:BookSources/9780511124044"><bdi>9780511124044</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israel%27s+Holocaust+and+the+Politics+of+Nationhood&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780511124044&rft.aulast=Zertal&rft.aufirst=Idith&rft.au=Judt%2C+Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span> (Foreward)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaidSaidJudt2004" class="citation book cs1">Said, Edward W.; Said, Wadie E.; Judt, Tony (2004). <i>From Oslo to Iraq and the Road Map: Essays</i>. Vintage. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781400076710" title="Special:BookSources/9781400076710"><bdi>9781400076710</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Oslo+to+Iraq+and+the+Road+Map%3A+Essays&rft.pub=Vintage&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9781400076710&rft.aulast=Said&rft.aufirst=Edward+W.&rft.au=Said%2C+Wadie+E.&rft.au=Judt%2C+Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span> (Foreward)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTony_JudtDenis_Lacorne2004" class="citation book cs1">Tony Judt & Denis Lacorne, eds. (2004). <i>Language, Nation, and State: Identity Politics in a Multilingual Age</i>. Palgrave. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4039-6393-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-4039-6393-2"><bdi>1-4039-6393-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language%2C+Nation%2C+and+State%3A+Identity+Politics+in+a+Multilingual+Age&rft.pub=Palgrave&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-4039-6393-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span> (Editor)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJudt2005" class="citation book cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Judt, Tony</a> (2005). <a href="/wiki/Postwar:_A_History_of_Europe_Since_1945" title="Postwar: A History of Europe Since 1945"><i>Postwar: A History of Europe Since 1945</i></a>. Penguin Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59420-065-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-59420-065-3"><bdi>1-59420-065-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Postwar%3A+A+History+of+Europe+Since+1945&rft.pub=Penguin+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-59420-065-3&rft.aulast=Judt&rft.aufirst=Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTony_JudtDenis_Lacorne2005" class="citation book cs1">Tony Judt & Denis Lacorne, eds. (2005). <i>With Us or Against Us: Studies in Global Anti-Americanism</i>. Palgrave. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-230-60226-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-230-60226-6"><bdi>0-230-60226-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=With+Us+or+Against+Us%3A+Studies+in+Global+Anti-Americanism&rft.pub=Palgrave&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-230-60226-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarnardvan_Berlovan_IstendaelJudt2005" class="citation book cs1">Barnard, Benno; van Berlo, Martine; van Istendael, Geert; Judt, Tony; Reynebeau, Marc; De Schaepdrijver, Sophie (23 September 2005). <i>How Can One Not Be Interested in Belgian History: War, Language and Consensus in Belgium Since 1830</i>. Academia Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789038208169" title="Special:BookSources/9789038208169"><bdi>9789038208169</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Can+One+Not+Be+Interested+in+Belgian+History%3A+War%2C+Language+and+Consensus+in+Belgium+Since+1830&rft.pub=Academia+Press&rft.date=2005-09-23&rft.isbn=9789038208169&rft.aulast=Barnard&rft.aufirst=Benno&rft.au=van+Berlo%2C+Martine&rft.au=van+Istendael%2C+Geert&rft.au=Judt%2C+Tony&rft.au=Reynebeau%2C+Marc&rft.au=De+Schaepdrijver%2C+Sophie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJudt2008" class="citation book cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Judt, Tony</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/reappraisalsrefl00judt_0"><i>Reappraisals: Reflections on the Forgotten Twentieth Century</i></a>. Penguin Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59420-136-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59420-136-3"><bdi>978-1-59420-136-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reappraisals%3A+Reflections+on+the+Forgotten+Twentieth+Century&rft.pub=Penguin+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-59420-136-3&rft.aulast=Judt&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Freappraisalsrefl00judt_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJudt2010" class="citation book cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Judt, Tony</a> (2010). <i>Ill Fares the Land</i>. Penguin Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59420-276-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59420-276-6"><bdi>978-1-59420-276-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ill+Fares+the+Land&rft.pub=Penguin+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-59420-276-6&rft.aulast=Judt&rft.aufirst=Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJudt2010" class="citation book cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Judt, Tony</a> (2010). <i>The Memory Chalet</i>. London: William Heinemann. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-434-02096-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-434-02096-6"><bdi>978-0-434-02096-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Memory+Chalet&rft.place=London&rft.pub=William+Heinemann&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-434-02096-6&rft.aulast=Judt&rft.aufirst=Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJudtSnyder2012" class="citation book cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Judt, Tony</a>; <a href="/wiki/Timothy_D._Snyder" class="mw-redirect" title="Timothy D. Snyder">Snyder, Timothy</a> (2012). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thinkingtwentiet0000judt"><i>Thinking the Twentieth Century</i></a></span>. London: Penguin Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59420-323-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59420-323-7"><bdi>978-1-59420-323-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thinking+the+Twentieth+Century&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Penguin+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-59420-323-7&rft.aulast=Judt&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft.au=Snyder%2C+Timothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthinkingtwentiet0000judt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJudt2015" class="citation book cs1">Judt, Tony (2015). <i>When the Facts Change: Essays, 1995–2010</i>. <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Penguin Press">Penguin Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59420600-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59420600-9"><bdi>978-1-59420600-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=When+the+Facts+Change%3A+Essays%2C+1995%E2%80%932010&rft.pub=Penguin+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-59420600-9&rft.aulast=Judt&rft.aufirst=Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span> 400 pp.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJudt2010" class="citation book cs1">Judt, Tony (2010). <i>The Glory of the Rails</i>. ERIS Gems. ERIS (published 1 August 2022). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781912475834" title="Special:BookSources/9781912475834"><bdi>9781912475834</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Glory+of+the+Rails&rft.series=ERIS+Gems&rft.pub=ERIS&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781912475834&rft.aulast=Judt&rft.aufirst=Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Book_reviews">Book reviews</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tony_Judt&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Book reviews"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJudt1994" class="citation journal cs1">Judt, Tony (3 November 1994). "Truth and consequences". <i>The New York Review of Books</i>. <b>41</b> (18): 8–12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Review+of+Books&rft.atitle=Truth+and+consequences&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=18&rft.pages=8-12&rft.date=1994-11-03&rft.aulast=Judt&rft.aufirst=Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPéan" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_P%C3%A9an" title="Pierre Péan">Péan, Pierre</a>. <i>Une jeunesse française : François Mitterrand 1934–1947</i>. Fayard.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Une+jeunesse+fran%C3%A7aise+%3A+Fran%C3%A7ois+Mitterrand+1934%E2%80%931947&rft.pub=Fayard&rft.aulast=P%C3%A9an&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tony_Judt&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Hobsbawm" title="Eric Hobsbawm">Eric Hobsbawm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Aron" title="Raymond Aron">Raymond Aron</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tony_Judt&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-grimes-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-grimes_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grimes_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grimes_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrimes2010" class="citation news cs1">Grimes, William (7 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/08/books/08judt.html?pagewanted=1&_r=1">"Tony Judt, Chronicler of History, Is Dead at 62"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230822105412/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/08/books/08judt.html?pagewanted=1&_r=1">Archived</a> from the original on 22 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Tony+Judt%2C+Chronicler+of+History%2C+Is+Dead+at+62&rft.date=2010-08-07&rft.aulast=Grimes&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F08%2F08%2Fbooks%2F08judt.html%3Fpagewanted%3D1%26_r%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Notes on contributors". <i>History Workshop</i>. <b>7</b> (7): 248. 1979. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fhwj%2F7.1.248">10.1093/hwj/7.1.248</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4288253">4288253</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+Workshop&rft.atitle=Notes+on+contributors&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=248&rft.date=1979&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fhwj%2F7.1.248&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4288253%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Preceding information contributed in person by Deborah Judt, sister of Tony Judt.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wheatcroft-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wheatcroft_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wheatcroft_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wheatcroft_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWheatcroft2010" class="citation news cs1">Wheatcroft, Geoffrey (8 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2010/aug/08/tony-judt-obituary">"Tony Judt obituary"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230822105352/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2010/aug/08/tony-judt-obituary">Archived</a> from the original on 22 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Tony+Judt+obituary&rft.date=2010-08-08&rft.aulast=Wheatcroft&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2010%2Faug%2F08%2Ftony-judt-obituary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJudt2010" class="citation journal cs1">Judt, Tony (19 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2010/aug/19/meritocrats/?pagination=false#fnr3-84119476">"Meritocrats"</a>. <i>The New York Review of Books</i>. <b>57</b> (13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230822105418/https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2010/08/19/meritocrats/?pagination=false#fnr3-84119476">Archived</a> from the original on 22 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Review+of+Books&rft.atitle=Meritocrats&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=13&rft.date=2010-08-19&rft.aulast=Judt&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nybooks.com%2Farticles%2Farchives%2F2010%2Faug%2F19%2Fmeritocrats%2F%3Fpagination%3Dfalse%23fnr3-84119476&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3rhBHwQEWpQ">Toast to Tony</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160306184501/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3rhBHwQEWpQ">Archived</a> 6 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Periodic Table of Videos, accessed 22 January 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grimes-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Grimes_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrimes2010" class="citation news cs1">Grimes, William (8 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/08/books/08judt.html">"Tony Judt, Chronicler of History, Is Dead at 62"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. p. A18. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230822105352/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/08/books/08judt.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Tony+Judt%2C+Chronicler+of+History%2C+Is+Dead+at+62&rft.pages=A18&rft.date=2010-08-08&rft.aulast=Grimes&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F08%2F08%2Fbooks%2F08judt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NPR-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NPR_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPR_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPR_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPR_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/transcript/transcript.php?storyId=129090687">"Fresh Air Remembers Historian Tony Judt: Transcript"</a>. NPR. 11 August 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100818020356/http://www.npr.org/templates/transcript/transcript.php?storyId=129090687">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fresh+Air+Remembers+Historian+Tony+Judt%3A+Transcript&rft.pub=NPR&rft.date=2010-08-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Ftranscript%2Ftranscript.php%3FstoryId%3D129090687&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kibbutz-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kibbutz_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kibbutz_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJudt2010" class="citation journal cs1">Judt, Tony (11 February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2010/feb/11/kibbutz/">"Kibbutz"</a>. <i>The New York Review of Books</i>. <b>57</b> (2). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100821150022/http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2010/feb/11/kibbutz/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Review+of+Books&rft.atitle=Kibbutz&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2010-02-11&rft.aulast=Judt&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nybooks.com%2Farticles%2Farchives%2F2010%2Ffeb%2F11%2Fkibbutz%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">College website <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kings.cam.ac.uk/news/2010/historian-tony-judt-dies.html">Historian Tony Judt dies</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100921162933/http://www.kings.cam.ac.uk/news/2010/historian-tony-judt-dies.html">Archived</a> 21 September 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>King's College Cambridge website</i>, 9 August 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerman2009" class="citation journal cs1">Herman, David (11 May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110212012113/http://jewishquarterly.org/2009/05/reappraisals-reflections-on-the-forgotten-twentieth-century-by-tony-judt/#more-492">"Reappraisals: Reflections on the Forgotten Twentieth Century"</a>. <i>Jewish Quarterly</i>. <b>213</b>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jewishquarterly.org/2009/05/reappraisals-reflections-on-the-forgotten-twentieth-century-by-tony-judt/#more-492">the original</a> on 12 February 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Reappraisals%3A+Reflections+on+the+Forgotten+Twentieth+Century&rft.volume=213&rft.date=2009-05-11&rft.aulast=Herman&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjewishquarterly.org%2F2009%2F05%2Freappraisals-reflections-on-the-forgotten-twentieth-century-by-tony-judt%2F%23more-492&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJukes2010" class="citation journal cs1">Jukes, Peter (22 July 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/2010/07/tony-judt-interview/">"Tony Judt: The Last Interview"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Prospect_(magazine)" title="Prospect (magazine)">Prospect</a></i>. <b>173</b>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111129221948/http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/2010/07/tony-judt-interview/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Prospect&rft.atitle=Tony+Judt%3A+The+Last+Interview&rft.volume=173&rft.date=2010-07-22&rft.aulast=Jukes&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prospectmagazine.co.uk%2F2010%2F07%2Ftony-judt-interview%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-observer-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-observer_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHansen2006" class="citation news cs1">Hansen, Suzy (15 October 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080726171542/http://www.observer.com/node/39587">"Judt at War"</a>. <i>The New York Observer</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.observer.com/node/39587">the original</a> on 26 July 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Observer&rft.atitle=Judt+at+War&rft.date=2006-10-15&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=Suzy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.observer.com%2Fnode%2F39587&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJudtJudt2010" class="citation news cs1">Judt, Daniel; Judt, Tony (19 June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/20/opinion/20judt.html?pagewanted=all">"Generations in the Balance"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100625035633/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/20/opinion/20judt.html?pagewanted=all">Archived</a> from the original on 25 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Generations+in+the+Balance&rft.date=2010-06-19&rft.aulast=Judt&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.au=Judt%2C+Tony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F06%2F20%2Fopinion%2F20judt.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJudt2010" class="citation news cs1">Judt, Daniel (22 June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedailybeast.com/blogs-and-stories/2010-06-22/tony-judts-son-responds-to-michael-wolff-on-new-york-times-oped/">"Michael Wolff Is the Child"</a>. <i>The Daily Beast</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100825153415/http://www.thedailybeast.com/blogs-and-stories/2010-06-22/tony-judts-son-responds-to-michael-wolff-on-new-york-times-oped/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=Michael+Wolff+Is+the+Child&rft.date=2010-06-22&rft.aulast=Judt&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Fblogs-and-stories%2F2010-06-22%2Ftony-judts-son-responds-to-michael-wolff-on-new-york-times-oped%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tony Judt, Socialism in Provence 1871–1914: A Study in the Origins of the Modern French Left, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Past Imperfect: French Intellectuals 1944–1956</i>, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Judt, Tony (19 July 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=990CE4DD1239F93AA25754C0A963958260">"French War Stories"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230822104629/https://www.nytimes.com/1995/07/19/opinion/french-war-stories.html">Archived</a> 22 August 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. Retrieved 18 August 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-grand-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-grand_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grand_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJudt2011" class="citation book cs1">Judt, Tony (2011). <i>A grand illusion?: an essay on Europe</i>. New York: New York University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780814743584" title="Special:BookSources/9780814743584"><bdi>9780814743584</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/772696414">772696414</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+grand+illusion%3F%3A+an+essay+on+Europe&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=New+York+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F772696414&rft.isbn=9780814743584&rft.aulast=Judt&rft.aufirst=Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060320171544/http://www.metacritic.com/books/authors/judttony/postwar">"<i>Postwar</i> by Tony Judt"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metacritic.com/books/authors/judttony/postwar">the original</a> on 20 March 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Metacritic&rft.atitle=Postwar+by+Tony+Judt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metacritic.com%2Fbooks%2Fauthors%2Fjudttony%2Fpostwar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-year/2006">"The Pulitzer Prize Winners 2006: General NonFiction"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151224072301/http://www.pulitzer.org/citation/2006-Beat-Reporting">Archived</a> from the original on 24 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Pulitzer+Prize+Winners+2006%3A+General+NonFiction&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pulitzer.org%2Fprize-winners-by-year%2F2006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-10907411">"Acclaimed British historian Tony Judt dies aged 62"</a>. BBC News. 8 August 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100808185928/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-10907411">Archived</a> from the original on 8 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Acclaimed+British+historian+Tony+Judt+dies+aged+62&rft.date=2010-08-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-10907411&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/11/books/review/tenbest.html">"The 10 Best Books of 2005"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 11 December 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110501091329/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/11/books/review/tenbest.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+10+Best+Books+of+2005&rft.date=2005-12-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2005%2F12%2F11%2Fbooks%2Freview%2Ftenbest.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPevereWagnerSmith2009" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Geoff_Pevere" title="Geoff Pevere">Pevere, Geoff</a>; Wagner, Vit; Smith, Dan (20 June 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/article/653178">"The Century So Far: Books"</a>. <i>Toronto Star</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090710044319/http://www.thestar.com/article/653178">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=The+Century+So+Far%3A+Books&rft.date=2009-06-20&rft.aulast=Pevere&rft.aufirst=Geoff&rft.au=Wagner%2C+Vit&rft.au=Smith%2C+Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Farticle%2F653178&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatten2010" class="citation news cs1">Patten, Chris (11 April 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2010/apr/11/ill-fares-land-tony-judt">"Ill Fares the Land by Tony Judt"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140804014445/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2010/apr/11/ill-fares-land-tony-judt">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Ill+Fares+the+Land+by+Tony+Judt&rft.date=2010-04-11&rft.aulast=Patten&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2010%2Fapr%2F11%2Fill-fares-land-tony-judt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChambers2010" class="citation news cs1">Chambers, David (21 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2010/may/21/book-review-ill-fares-the-land/">"What then must we do?"</a>. <i>The Washington Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100611040618/http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2010/may/21/book-review-ill-fares-the-land/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Times&rft.atitle=What+then+must+we+do%3F&rft.date=2010-05-21&rft.aulast=Chambers&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtontimes.com%2Fnews%2F2010%2Fmay%2F21%2Fbook-review-ill-fares-the-land%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarner2010" class="citation news cs1">Garner, Dwight (22 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/17/books/17book.html?pagewanted=all">"Renewing an Old Idea: Common Good"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100318053230/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/17/books/17book.html?pagewanted=all">Archived</a> from the original on 18 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Renewing+an+Old+Idea%3A+Common+Good&rft.date=2010-03-22&rft.aulast=Garner&rft.aufirst=Dwight&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F03%2F17%2Fbooks%2F17book.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Prospect-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Prospect_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJukes2010" class="citation journal cs1">Jukes, Peter (22 July 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/2010/07/tony-judt-a-man-of-his-word/">"A Man of his Word"</a>. <i>Prospect</i>. <b>173</b>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111210012012/http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/2010/07/tony-judt-a-man-of-his-word/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Prospect&rft.atitle=A+Man+of+his+Word&rft.volume=173&rft.date=2010-07-22&rft.aulast=Jukes&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prospectmagazine.co.uk%2F2010%2F07%2Ftony-judt-a-man-of-his-word%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harpers2010-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Harpers2010_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harpers2010_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoser2010" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Moser" title="Benjamin Moser">Moser, Benjamin</a> (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.harpers.org/archive/2010/06/0082997">"New Books: <i>Ill Fares the Land</i>"</a>. <i>Harper's</i>. Vol. 320, no. 1, 921. Harper's Foundation. pp. 71–72. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111106115241/http://harpers.org/archive/2010/06/0082997">Archived</a> from the original on 6 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2011</span>. <q>Judt offers his solution to the crisis of what he calls the past two 'lost decades,' in which 'fantasies of prosperity and limitless personal advancement displaced all talk of political liberation, social justice or collective action': a revival of the ideals of social democracy that brought stability and prosperity to a devastated Europe and security to generations of Americans who benefited from such public programs as Social Security and Medicare. Judt's passionate appeal for a return to social-democratic ideals....</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harper%27s&rft.atitle=New+Books%3A+Ill+Fares+the+Land&rft.volume=320&rft.issue=1%2C+921&rft.pages=71-72&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Moser&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.harpers.org%2Farchive%2F2010%2F06%2F0082997&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aljaz-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aljaz_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aljaz_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeVine2010" class="citation news cs1">LeVine, Mark (14 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/focus/2010/08/201081084238516548.html">"Tony Judt: An intellectual hero"</a>. Al Jazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180820114434/https://www.aljazeera.com/focus/2010/08/201081084238516548.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Tony+Judt%3A+An+intellectual+hero&rft.date=2010-08-14&rft.aulast=LeVine&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Ffocus%2F2010%2F08%2F201081084238516548.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-forward-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-forward_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929095426/http://www.forward.com/articles/embattled-academic-tony-judt-defends-call-for-bina/">"Embattled Academic Tony Judt Defends Call for Binational State"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forward.com/articles/embattled-academic-tony-judt-defends-call-for-bina/">the original</a> on 29 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.randomhouse.co.uk/catalog/book.htm?command=Search&db=main.txt&eqisbndata=0434020966">the original</a> on 7 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Memory+Chalet+by+Tony+Judt&rft.pub=Random+House&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.randomhouse.co.uk%2Fcatalog%2Fbook.htm%3Fcommand%3DSearch%26db%3Dmain.txt%26eqisbndata%3D0434020966&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElliott,_Michael2010" class="citation magazine cs1">Elliott, Michael (7 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,2009254,00.html">"Tony Judt: A Public Intellectual Remembered"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Time_Inc." title="Time Inc.">Time Inc.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160309124856/http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,2009254,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Tony+Judt%3A+A+Public+Intellectual+Remembered&rft.date=2010-08-07&rft.au=Elliott%2C+Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fnation%2Farticle%2F0%2C8599%2C2009254%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarton_Ash2010" class="citation news cs1">Garton Ash, Timothy (20 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nybooks.com/blogs/nyrblog/2010/aug/20/tony-judt-1948-2010/">"Tony Judt (1948–2010)"</a>. The New York Review of Books. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100823192040/http://www.nybooks.com/blogs/nyrblog/2010/aug/20/tony-judt-1948-2010/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Tony+Judt+%281948%E2%80%932010%29&rft.date=2010-08-20&rft.aulast=Garton+Ash&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nybooks.com%2Fblogs%2Fnyrblog%2F2010%2Faug%2F20%2Ftony-judt-1948-2010%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATony+Judt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tony_Judt&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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<li><b><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANZUS" title="ANZUS">ANZUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Treaty_Organization" title="Central Treaty Organization">METO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia_Treaty_Organization" title="Southeast Asia Treaty Organization">SEATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Asia_Treaty_Organization" title="Northeast Asia Treaty Organization">NEATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Treaty_of_Reciprocal_Assistance" title="Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance">Rio Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1940s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morgenthau_Plan" title="Morgenthau Plan">Morgenthau Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hukbalahap_rebellion" title="Hukbalahap rebellion">Hukbalahap rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_political_conflict" title="Jamaican political conflict">Jamaican political conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dekemvriana" title="Dekemvriana">Dekemvriana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_war_in_the_Baltic_states" title="Guerrilla war in the Baltic states">Guerrilla war in the Baltic states</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Priboi" title="Operation Priboi">Operation <i>Priboi</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Jungle" title="Operation Jungle">Operation <i>Jungle</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Occupation of the Baltic states</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursed_soldiers" title="Cursed soldiers">Cursed soldiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Unthinkable" title="Operation Unthinkable">Operation <i>Unthinkable</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouzenko_Affair" title="Gouzenko Affair">Gouzenko Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">Division of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">Indonesian National Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Vietnam_(1945%E2%80%931946)" title="War in Vietnam (1945–1946)">Operation <i>Masterdom</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Beleaguer" title="Operation Beleaguer">Operation <i>Beleaguer</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Blacklist_Forty" title="Operation Blacklist Forty">Operation <i>Blacklist Forty</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_crisis_of_1946" title="Iran crisis of 1946">Iran crisis of 1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Civil_War" title="Greek Civil War">Greek Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_Plan" title="Baruch Plan">Baruch Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corfu_Channel_incident" title="Corfu Channel incident">Corfu Channel incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Straits_crisis" title="Turkish Straits crisis">Turkish Straits crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restatement_of_Policy_on_Germany" title="Restatement of Policy on Germany">Restatement of Policy on Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">First Indochina War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_Polish_parliamentary_election" title="1947 Polish parliamentary election">1947 Polish parliamentary election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truman_Doctrine" title="Truman Doctrine">Truman Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Relations_Conference" title="Asian Relations Conference">Asian Relations Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1947_crises" title="May 1947 crises">May 1947 crises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_war_of_1947%E2%80%931948" title="Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948">Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestine_war" title="1948 Palestine war">1947–1949 Palestine war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%931948_civil_war_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine">1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight">1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">Marshall Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comecon" title="Comecon">Comecon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Czechoslovak_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état">1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Control_Council#Incapacitation_of_the_council" title="Allied Control Council">Incapacitation of the Allied Control Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Wathbah_uprising" title="Al-Wathbah uprising">Al-Wathbah uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split" title="Tito–Stalin split">Tito–Stalin split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Blockade" title="Berlin Blockade">Berlin Blockade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Hyderabad" title="Annexation of Hyderabad">Annexation of Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madiun_Affair" title="Madiun Affair">Madiun Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_betrayal" title="Western betrayal">Western betrayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Curtain" title="Iron Curtain">Iron Curtain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Bloc" title="Western Bloc">Western Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Revolution" title="Chinese Communist Revolution">Chinese Communist Revolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" title="Malayan Emergency">Malayan Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1949_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="March 1949 Syrian coup d'état">March 1949 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Valuable" title="Operation Valuable">Operation Valuable</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_curtain" title="Bamboo curtain">Bamboo curtain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCarthyism" title="McCarthyism">McCarthyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Cold_War" title="Arab Cold War">Arab Cold War (1952–1979)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Egyptian_revolution" title="1952 Egyptian revolution">1952 Egyptian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Intifada_(1952)" title="Iraqi Intifada (1952)">Iraqi Intifada (1952)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mau_Mau_rebellion" title="Mau Mau rebellion">Mau Mau rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_German_uprising_of_1953" title="East German uprising of 1953">East German uprising of 1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Iranian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1953 Iranian coup d'état">1953 Iranian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pact_of_Madrid" title="Pact of Madrid">Pact of Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bricker_Amendment" title="Bricker Amendment">Bricker Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1954 Syrian coup d'état">1954 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrov_Affair" title="Petrov Affair">Petrov Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domino_theory" title="Domino theory">Domino theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Geneva_Conference" title="1954 Geneva Conference">1954 Geneva Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Guatemalan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1954 Guatemalan coup d'état">1954 Guatemalan coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_the_Tuapse" title="Capture of the Tuapse">Capture of the <i>Tuapse</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="First Taiwan Strait Crisis">First Taiwan Strait Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jebel_Akhdar_War" title="Jebel Akhdar War">Jebel Akhdar War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_War" title="Algerian War">Algerian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Princess" title="Kashmir Princess">Kashmir Princess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandung_Conference" title="Bandung Conference">Bandung Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Summit_(1955)" title="Geneva Summit (1955)">Geneva Summit (1955)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Emergency" title="Cyprus Emergency">Cyprus Emergency</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/On_the_Cult_of_Personality_and_Its_Consequences" title="On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences">On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Pozna%C5%84_protests" title="1956 Poznań protests">1956 Poznań protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1956">Hungarian Revolution of 1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_October" title="Polish October">Polish October</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/We_will_bury_you" title="We will bury you">We will bury you</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Gladio" title="Operation Gladio">Operation <i>Gladio</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Crisis_of_1957" title="Syrian Crisis of 1957">Syrian Crisis of 1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_crisis" title="Sputnik crisis">Sputnik crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ifni_War" title="Ifni War">Ifni War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14_July_Revolution" title="14 July Revolution">Iraqi 14 July Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Lebanon_crisis" title="1958 Lebanon crisis">1958 Lebanon crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="Second Taiwan Strait Crisis">Second Taiwan Strait Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Mosul_uprising" title="1959 Mosul uprising">1959 Mosul uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Tibetan_uprising" title="1959 Tibetan uprising">1959 Tibetan uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laotian_Civil_War" title="Laotian Civil War">Laotian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_Debate" title="Kitchen Debate">Kitchen Debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolution" title="Cuban Revolution">Cuban Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consolidation_of_the_Cuban_Revolution" title="Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution">Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_split" title="Sino-Soviet split">Sino-Soviet split</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congo_Crisis" title="Congo Crisis">Congo Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simba_rebellion" title="Simba rebellion">Simba rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_U-2_incident" title="1960 U-2 incident">1960 U-2 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Pigs_Invasion" title="Bay of Pigs Invasion">Bay of Pigs Invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1960 Turkish coup d'état">1960 Turkish coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian%E2%80%93Soviet_split" title="Albanian–Soviet split">Albanian–Soviet split</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_Soviets_from_Albania" title="Expulsion of Soviets from Albania">Expulsion of Soviets from Albania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_conflict" title="Iraqi–Kurdish conflict">Iraqi–Kurdish conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_War" title="First Iraqi–Kurdish War">First Iraqi–Kurdish War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Crisis_of_1961" title="Berlin Crisis of 1961">Berlin Crisis of 1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Wall" title="Berlin Wall">Berlin Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Goa" title="Annexation of Goa">Annexation of Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_conflict" title="Papua conflict">Papua conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Malaysia_confrontation" title="Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation">Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_War" title="Sand War">Sand War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Colonial_War" title="Portuguese Colonial War">Portuguese Colonial War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_War_of_Independence" title="Angolan War of Independence">Angolan War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_War_of_Independence" title="Guinea-Bissau War of Independence">Guinea-Bissau War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_War_of_Independence" title="Mozambican War of Independence">Mozambican War of Independence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">Cuban Missile Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Porte%C3%B1azo" title="El Porteñazo">El Porteñazo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_War" title="Sino-Indian War">Sino-Indian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Sarawak" title="Communist insurgency in Sarawak">Communist insurgency in Sarawak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramadan_Revolution" title="Ramadan Revolution">Ramadan Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_War_of_Independence" title="Eritrean War of Independence">Eritrean War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Yemen_civil_war" title="North Yemen civil war">North Yemen civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1963 Syrian coup d'état">1963 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">Assassination of John F. Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aden_Emergency" title="Aden Emergency">Aden Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_intercommunal_violence#Crisis_of_1963–1964" title="Cypriot intercommunal violence">Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shifta_War" title="Shifta War">Shifta War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Dirty_War" title="Mexican Dirty War">Mexican Dirty War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tlatelolco_massacre" title="Tlatelolco massacre">Tlatelolco massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_Civil_War" title="Guatemalan Civil War">Guatemalan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_conflict" title="Colombian conflict">Colombian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Brazilian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1964 Brazilian coup d'état">1964 Brazilian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Civil_War" title="Dominican Civil War">Dominican Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodesian_Bush_War" title="Rhodesian Bush War">Rhodesian Bush War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_mass_killings_of_1965%E2%80%9366" title="Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66">Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_to_the_New_Order" title="Transition to the New Order">Transition to the New Order (Indonesia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Declaration" title="ASEAN Declaration">ASEAN Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1966 Syrian coup d'état">1966 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Revolution" title="Argentine Revolution">Argentine Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Border_War" title="South African Border War">South African Border War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_DMZ_Conflict" title="Korean DMZ Conflict">Korean DMZ Conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12-3_incident" title="12-3 incident">12-3 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_junta" title="Greek junta">Greek junta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Hong_Kong_riots" title="1967 Hong Kong riots">1967 Hong Kong riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Years_of_Lead_(Italy)" title="Years of Lead (Italy)">Years of Lead (Italy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Attrition" title="War of Attrition">War of Attrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhofar_War" title="Dhofar War">Dhofar War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Wadiah_War" title="Al-Wadiah War">Al-Wadiah War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Civil_War" title="Nigerian Civil War">Nigerian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_of_1968" title="Protests of 1968">Protests of 1968</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_68" title="May 68">May 68</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague_Spring" title="Prague Spring">Prague Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Pueblo_(AGER-2)#Pueblo_incident" title="USS Pueblo (AGER-2)">USS <i>Pueblo</i> incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Polish_political_crisis" title="1968 Polish political crisis">1968 Polish political crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968%E2%80%931971_East_Pakistan_communist_insurgency" title="1968–1971 East Pakistan communist insurgency">1968–1971 East Pakistan communist insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Malaysia_(1968%E2%80%931989)" title="Communist insurgency in Malaysia (1968–1989)">Communist insurgency in Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact_invasion_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia">Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_July_Revolution" title="17 July Revolution">17 July Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Peruvian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1968 Peruvian coup d'état">1968 Peruvian coup d'état</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Government_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_Peru" title="Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces of Peru">Revolutionary Government</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1969 Sudanese coup d'état">1969 Sudanese coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Libyan_revolution" title="1969 Libyan revolution">1969 Libyan revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goulash_Communism" title="Goulash Communism">Goulash Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_border_conflict" title="Sino-Soviet border conflict">Sino-Soviet border conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_People%27s_Army_rebellion" title="New People's Army rebellion">New People's Army rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9tente" title="Détente">Détente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Non-Proliferation_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons">Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_September" title="Black September">Black September</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcora_Exercise" title="Alcora Exercise">Alcora Exercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_Movement_(Syria)" title="Corrective Movement (Syria)">Corrective Movement (Syria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_conflict" title="Western Sahara conflict">Western Sahara conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Civil_War" title="Cambodian Civil War">Cambodian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Thailand" title="Communist insurgency in Thailand">Communist insurgency in Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Polish_protests" title="1970 Polish protests">1970 Polish protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koza_riot" title="Koza riot">Koza riot</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Realpolitik" title="Realpolitik">Realpolitik</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ping-pong_diplomacy" title="Ping-pong diplomacy">Ping-pong diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_JVP_insurrection" title="1971 JVP insurrection">1971 JVP insurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_revolution_(Egypt)" title="Corrective revolution (Egypt)">Corrective revolution (Egypt)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Turkish_military_memorandum" title="1971 Turkish military memorandum">1971 Turkish military memorandum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1971 Sudanese coup d'état">1971 Sudanese coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Power_Agreement_on_Berlin" title="Four Power Agreement on Berlin">Four Power Agreement on Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">Bangladesh Liberation War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_visit_by_Richard_Nixon_to_China" title="1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China">1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Yemen#Disputes_with_North_Yemen" title="South Yemen">North Yemen-South Yemen Border conflict of 1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Yemenite_War" title="First Yemenite War">First Yemenite War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich_massacre" title="Munich massacre">Munich massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972%E2%80%931975_Bangladesh_insurgency" title="1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency">1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Civil_Wars" title="Eritrean Civil Wars">Eritrean Civil Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Uruguayan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Uruguayan coup d'état">1973 Uruguayan coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Afghan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Afghan coup d'état">1973 Afghan coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Chilean coup d'état">1973 Chilean coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_oil_crisis" title="1973 oil crisis">1973 oil crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnation_Revolution" title="Carnation Revolution">Carnation Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_transition_to_democracy" title="Spanish transition to democracy">Spanish transition to democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapolitefsi" title="Metapolitefsi">Metapolitefsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Arms_Limitation_Talks" title="Strategic Arms Limitation Talks">Strategic Arms Limitation Talks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_War" title="Second Iraqi–Kurdish War">Second Iraqi–Kurdish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus" title="Turkish invasion of Cyprus">Turkish invasion of Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15_August_1975_Bangladeshi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="15 August 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état">15 August 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_November_1975_Bangladeshi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="3 November 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état">Siege of Dhaka (1975)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7_November_1975_Bangladeshi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="7 November 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état">Sipahi-Janata revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_Civil_War" title="Angolan Civil War">Angolan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_genocide" title="Cambodian genocide">Cambodian genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1976_protests" title="June 1976 protests">June 1976 protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_Civil_War" title="Mozambican Civil War">Mozambican Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oromo_conflict" title="Oromo conflict">Oromo conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogaden_War" title="Ogaden War">Ogaden War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Somali_coup_attempt" title="1978 Somali coup attempt">1978 Somali coup attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_War" title="Western Sahara War">Western Sahara War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Civil_War" title="Ethiopian Civil War">Ethiopian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Civil_War" title="Lebanese Civil War">Lebanese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Albanian_split" title="Sino-Albanian split">Sino-Albanian split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Indochina_War" title="Third Indochina War">Third Indochina War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian%E2%80%93Vietnamese_War" title="Cambodian–Vietnamese War">Cambodian–Vietnamese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_conflict_(1979%E2%80%931998)" title="Cambodian conflict (1979–1998)">Cambodian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Condor" title="Operation Condor">Operation <i>Condor</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirty_War" title="Dirty War">Dirty War (Argentina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Argentine_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1976 Argentine coup d'état">1976 Argentine coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian%E2%80%93Libyan_War" title="Egyptian–Libyan War">Egyptian–Libyan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Autumn" title="German Autumn">German Autumn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_902" title="Korean Air Lines Flight 902">Korean Air Lines Flight 902</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Revolution" title="Nicaraguan Revolution">Nicaraguan Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda%E2%80%93Tanzania_War" title="Uganda–Tanzania War">Uganda–Tanzania War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NDF_Rebellion" title="NDF Rebellion">NDF Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadian%E2%80%93Libyan_War" title="Chadian–Libyan War">Chadian–Libyan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Yemenite_War" title="Second Yemenite War">Second Yemenite War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Mosque_seizure" title="Grand Mosque seizure">Grand Mosque seizure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_revolution" title="Iranian revolution">Iranian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saur_Revolution" title="Saur Revolution">Saur Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Vietnamese_War" title="Sino-Vietnamese War">Sino-Vietnamese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jewel_Movement" title="New Jewel Movement">New Jewel Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Herat_uprising" title="1979 Herat uprising">1979 Herat uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Days_to_the_River_Rhine" title="Seven Days to the River Rhine">Seven Days to the River Rhine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Struggle_against_political_abuse_of_psychiatry_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union">Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Civil_War" title="Salvadoran Civil War">Salvadoran Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics_boycott" title="1980 Summer Olympics boycott">1980</a> and <a href="/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics_boycott" title="1984 Summer Olympics boycott">1984 Summer Olympics boycotts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gera_Demands" title="Gera Demands">Gera Demands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Civil_War_of_1980%E2%80%932000" title="Peruvian Civil War of 1980–2000">Peruvian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk_Agreement" title="Gdańsk Agreement">Gdańsk Agreement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_(Polish_trade_union)" title="Solidarity (Polish trade union)">Solidarity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Civil_Wars" title="Eritrean Civil Wars">Eritrean Civil Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1980 Turkish coup d'état">1980 Turkish coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_Bush_War" title="Ugandan Bush War">Ugandan Bush War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Sidra_incident_(1981)" title="Gulf of Sidra incident (1981)">Gulf of Sidra incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_law_in_Poland" title="Martial law in Poland">Martial law in Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casamance_conflict" title="Casamance conflict">Casamance conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Ethiopian%E2%80%93Somali_Border_War" title="1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War">1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndogboyosoi_War" title="Ndogboyosoi War">Ndogboyosoi War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Grenada" title="United States invasion of Grenada">United States invasion of Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Able_Archer_83" title="Able Archer 83">Able Archer 83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Defense_Initiative" title="Strategic Defense Initiative">Star Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Summit_(1985)" title="Geneva Summit (1985)">1985 Geneva Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Rebellion" title="Somali Rebellion">Somali Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk_Summit" title="Reykjavík Summit">Reykjavík Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Black_Sea_incident" title="1986 Black Sea incident">1986 Black Sea incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Yemen_civil_war" title="South Yemen civil war">South Yemen civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_War" title="Toyota War">Toyota War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Lieyu_massacre" title="1987 Lieyu massacre">1987 Lieyu massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Denver" title="Operation Denver">Operation Denver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987%E2%80%931989_JVP_insurrection" title="1987–1989 JVP insurrection">1987–1989 JVP insurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Resistance_Army_insurgency" title="Lord's Resistance Army insurgency">Lord's Resistance Army insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Black_Sea_bumping_incident" title="1988 Black Sea bumping incident">1988 Black Sea bumping incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8888_Uprising" title="8888 Uprising">8888 Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Solidarity" title="History of Solidarity">Solidarity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Soviet_reaction_to_the_Polish_crisis_of_1980%E2%80%931981" title="Soviet reaction to the Polish crisis of 1980–1981">Soviet reaction</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contras" title="Contras">Contras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_crisis" title="Central American crisis">Central American crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_RYAN" title="Operation RYAN">Operation RYAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_007" title="Korean Air Lines Flight 007">Korean Air Lines Flight 007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">People Power Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasnost" title="Glasnost">Glasnost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perestroika" title="Perestroika">Perestroika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bougainville_conflict" title="Bougainville conflict">Bougainville conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="First Nagorno-Karabakh War">First Nagorno-Karabakh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1989%E2%80%931992)" title="Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)">Afghan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Panama" title="United States invasion of Panama">United States invasion of Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Polish_strikes" title="1988 Polish strikes">1988 Polish strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Round_Table_Agreement" title="Polish Round Table Agreement">Polish Round Table Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre" title="1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre">1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1989" title="Revolutions of 1989">Revolutions of 1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Berlin_Wall" title="Fall of the Berlin Wall">Fall of the Berlin Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_inner_German_border" title="Fall of the inner German border">Fall of the inner German border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velvet_Revolution" title="Velvet Revolution">Velvet Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_revolution" title="Romanian revolution">Romanian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peaceful_Revolution" title="Peaceful Revolution">Peaceful Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Revolution_of_1990" title="Mongolian Revolution of 1990">Mongolian Revolution of 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_Ping_Yu_No._5540_incident" title="Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident">Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_Ping_Yu_No._5202" title="Min Ping Yu No. 5202">Min Ping Yu No. 5202</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">German reunification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_unification" title="Yemeni unification">Yemeni unification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_communism_in_Albania" title="Fall of communism in Albania">Fall of communism in Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">Breakup of Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Dissolution of the Soviet Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1991_Soviet_coup_attempt" title="1991 Soviet coup attempt">1991 August Coup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Dissolution of Czechoslovakia">Dissolution of Czechoslovakia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Frozen_conflict" title="Frozen conflict">Frozen conflicts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia_conflict" title="Abkhazia conflict">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">China-Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Kosovo" title="Political status of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian%E2%80%93Ossetian_conflict" title="Georgian–Ossetian conflict">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria_War" title="Transnistria War">Transnistria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_border_dispute" title="Sino-Indian border dispute">Sino-Indian border dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Borneo_dispute" title="North Borneo dispute">North Borneo dispute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Foreign policy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Truman_Doctrine" title="Truman Doctrine">Truman Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Containment" title="Containment">Containment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Doctrine" title="Eisenhower Doctrine">Eisenhower Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domino_theory" title="Domino theory">Domino theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallstein_Doctrine" title="Hallstein Doctrine">Hallstein Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Doctrine" title="Kennedy Doctrine">Kennedy Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peaceful_coexistence" title="Peaceful coexistence">Peaceful coexistence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostpolitik" title="Ostpolitik">Ostpolitik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Doctrine" title="Johnson Doctrine">Johnson Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brezhnev_Doctrine" title="Brezhnev Doctrine">Brezhnev Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixon_Doctrine" title="Nixon Doctrine">Nixon Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulbricht_Doctrine" title="Ulbricht Doctrine">Ulbricht Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter_Doctrine" title="Carter Doctrine">Carter Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_Doctrine" title="Reagan Doctrine">Reagan Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rollback" title="Rollback">Rollback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinmen_Agreement" title="Kinmen Agreement">Kinmen Agreement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Ideologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">Capitalism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_school_of_economics" title="Chicago school of economics">Chicago school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">American conservatism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keynesian_economics" title="Keynesian economics">Keynesianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monetarism" title="Monetarism">Monetarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_economics" title="Neoclassical economics">Neoclassical economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reaganomics" title="Reaganomics">Reaganomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supply-side_economics" title="Supply-side economics">Supply-side economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_capitalism" title="Democratic capitalism">Democratic capitalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Fidel_Castro" title="Politics of Fidel Castro">Castroism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurocommunism" title="Eurocommunism">Eurocommunism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guevarism" title="Guevarism">Guevarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoxhaism" title="Hoxhaism">Hoxhaism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Juche" title="Juche">Juche</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_Thought" title="Ho Chi Minh Thought">Ho Chi Minh Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoism" title="Maoism">Maoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trotskyism" title="Trotskyism">Trotskyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalinism" title="Stalinism">Stalinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titoism" title="Titoism">Titoism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">Anti-imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">Ultranationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauvinism" title="Chauvinism">Chauvinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">Ethnic nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">Neo-Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">Authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autocracy" title="Autocracy">Autocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracy" title="Liberal democracy">Liberal democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illiberal_democracy" title="Illiberal democracy">Illiberal democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guided_democracy" title="Guided democracy">Guided democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third-worldism" title="Third-worldism">Third-worldism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">White supremacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">White nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy#White_separatism" title="White supremacy">White separatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">Apartheid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia_Treaty_Organization" title="Southeast Asia Treaty Organization">SEATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Treaty_Organization" title="Central Treaty Organization">METO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">EEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comecon" title="Comecon">Comecon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutral_and_Non-Aligned_European_States" title="Neutral and Non-Aligned European States">NN States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">ASEAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Association_for_Regional_Cooperation" title="South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation">SAARC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_Club" title="Safari Club">Safari Club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Propaganda</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Pro-communist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_measures" title="Active measures">Active measures</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Izvestia" title="Izvestia">Izvestia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neues_Deutschland" title="Neues Deutschland">Neues Deutschland</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pravda" title="Pravda">Pravda</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Moscow" title="Radio Moscow">Radio Moscow</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rud%C3%A9_pr%C3%A1vo" title="Rudé právo">Rudé právo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trybuna_Ludu" title="Trybuna Ludu">Trybuna Ludu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TASS" title="TASS">TASS</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Russian_Life" title="Russian Life">Soviet Life</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Pro-Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amerika_(magazine)" title="Amerika (magazine)">Amerika</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_for_Freedom" title="Crusade for Freedom">Crusade for Freedom</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paix_et_Libert%C3%A9" title="Paix et Liberté">Paix et Liberté</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty">Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_Scare" title="Red Scare">Red Scare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_America" title="Voice of America">Voice of America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Technological<br />competition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arms_race" title="Arms race">Arms race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_arms_race" title="Nuclear arms race">Nuclear arms race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Race" title="Space Race">Space Race</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Historians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gar_Alperovitz" title="Gar Alperovitz">Gar Alperovitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Bailey" title="Thomas A. Bailey">Thomas A. Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Beschloss" title="Michael Beschloss">Michael Beschloss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archie_Brown_(historian)" title="Archie Brown (historian)">Archie Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_H._Carroll" title="Warren H. Carroll">Warren H. Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Cioroianu" title="Adrian Cioroianu">Adrian Cioroianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Costello_(historian)" title="John Costello (historian)">John Costello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Cox_(academic)" title="Michael Cox (academic)">Michael Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_J._Cull" title="Nicholas J. Cull">Nicholas J. Cull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Davies" title="Norman Davies">Norman Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Drees" title="Willem Drees">Willem Drees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_D._English" title="Robert D. English">Robert D. English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Feis" title="Herbert Feis">Herbert Feis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hugh_Ferrell" title="Robert Hugh Ferrell">Robert Hugh Ferrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Fontaine" title="André Fontaine">André Fontaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anneli_Ute_Gabanyi" title="Anneli Ute Gabanyi">Anneli Ute Gabanyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lewis_Gaddis" title="John Lewis Gaddis">John Lewis Gaddis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Gardner" title="Lloyd Gardner">Lloyd Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Garton_Ash" title="Timothy Garton Ash">Timothy Garton Ash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Gorodetsky" title="Gabriel Gorodetsky">Gabriel Gorodetsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Halliday" title="Fred Halliday">Fred Halliday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jussi_Hanhim%C3%A4ki" title="Jussi Hanhimäki">Jussi Hanhimäki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Earl_Haynes" title="John Earl Haynes">John Earl Haynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_J._Hearden" title="Patrick J. Hearden">Patrick J. Hearden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tvrtko_Jakovina" title="Tvrtko Jakovina">Tvrtko Jakovina</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tony Judt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Klehr" title="Harvey Klehr">Harvey Klehr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Kolko" title="Gabriel Kolko">Gabriel Kolko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_LaFeber" title="Walter LaFeber">Walter LaFeber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Laqueur" title="Walter Laqueur">Walter Laqueur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melvyn_P._Leffler" title="Melvyn P. Leffler">Melvyn P. Leffler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geir_Lundestad" title="Geir Lundestad">Geir Lundestad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vojtech_Mastny_(historian)" title="Vojtech Mastny (historian)">Vojtech Mastny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_F._Matlock_Jr." title="Jack F. Matlock Jr.">Jack F. Matlock Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._McCormick" title="Thomas J. McCormick">Thomas J. McCormick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Naftali" title="Timothy Naftali">Timothy Naftali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marius_Oprea" title="Marius Oprea">Marius Oprea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_S._Painter" title="David S. Painter">David S. Painter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Pickett" title="William B. Pickett">William B. Pickett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_E._Powaski" title="Ronald E. Powaski">Ronald E. Powaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakov_M._Rabkin" title="Yakov M. Rabkin">Yakov M. Rabkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._E._Sarotte" title="M. E. Sarotte">M. E. Sarotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_M._Schlesinger_Jr." title="Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.">Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Schrecker" title="Ellen Schrecker">Ellen Schrecker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giles_Scott-Smith" title="Giles Scott-Smith">Giles Scott-Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_Zhihua" title="Shen Zhihua">Shen Zhihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Snyder" title="Timothy Snyder">Timothy Snyder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athan_Theoharis" title="Athan Theoharis">Athan Theoharis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Thorpe" title="Andrew Thorpe">Andrew Thorpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Tism%C4%83neanu" title="Vladimir Tismăneanu">Vladimir Tismăneanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Vaughan" title="Patrick Vaughan">Patrick Vaughan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_von_Tunzelmann" title="Alex von Tunzelmann">Alex von Tunzelmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odd_Arne_Westad" title="Odd Arne Westad">Odd Arne Westad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Appleman_Williams" title="William Appleman Williams">William Appleman Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Reed_Winkler" title="Jonathan Reed Winkler">Jonathan Reed Winkler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolph_Winnacker" title="Rudolph Winnacker">Rudolph Winnacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Young" title="Ken Young">Ken Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Espionage and<br />intelligence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Eastern_Bloc_agents_in_the_United_States" title="List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States">List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_espionage_in_the_United_States" title="Soviet espionage in the United States">Soviet espionage in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_espionage_in_the_United_States" title="Russian espionage in the United States">Russian espionage in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_espionage_in_the_Soviet_Union_and_Russian_Federation" title="American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation">American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIA_and_the_Cultural_Cold_War" title="CIA and the Cultural Cold War">CIA and the Cultural Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MI5" title="MI5">MI5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MI6" title="MI6">MI6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_involvement_in_regime_change" title="United States involvement in regime change">United States involvement in regime change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_involvement_in_regime_change" title="Soviet involvement in regime change">Soviet involvement in regime change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_(Soviet_Union)" title="Ministry of Internal Affairs (Soviet Union)">MVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KGB" title="KGB">KGB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stasi" title="Stasi">Stasi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_intervention_in_the_Russian_Civil_War" title="Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War">Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Soviet Union–United States relations">Soviet Union–United States relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Soviet_Union%E2%80%93United_States_summits" title="List of Soviet Union–United States summits">Soviet Union–United States summits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Russia–NATO relations">Russia–NATO relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brinkmanship#Cold_War" title="Brinkmanship">Brinkmanship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Cold_War" title="Second Cold War">Second Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cold_War" title="Category:Cold War">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_related_to_the_Cold_War" title="List of conflicts related to the Cold War">List of conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Cold_War" title="Timeline of the Cold War">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Historians_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Historians_of_Europe" title="Template:Historians of Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Historians_of_Europe" title="Template talk:Historians of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Historians_of_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Historians of Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Historians_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Historians_of_Europe" title="Category:Historians of Europe">Historians of Europe</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Dalberg-Acton,_1st_Baron_Acton" title="John Dalberg-Acton, 1st Baron Acton">Acton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._C._W._Blanning" title="T. C. W. Blanning">Blanning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernand_Braudel" title="Fernand Braudel">Braudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Burckhardt" title="Jacob Burckhardt">Burckhardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Davies" title="Norman Davies">Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Dawson" title="Christopher Dawson">Dawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Eisenstein" title="Elizabeth Eisenstein">Eisenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Evans" title="Richard J. Evans">Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Hobsbawm" title="Eric Hobsbawm">Hobsbawm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Jacoby" title="Russell Jacoby">Jacoby</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Judt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Kagan" title="Donald Kagan">Kagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Kershaw" title="Ian Kershaw">Kershaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_von_Kuehnelt-Leddihn" title="Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn">von Kuehnelt-Leddihn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lukacs" title="John Lukacs">Lukacs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri-Jean_Martin" title="Henri-Jean Martin">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Mazower" title="Mark Mazower">Mazower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Ozment" title="Steven Ozment">Ozment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Pirenne" title="Henri Pirenne">Pirenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polybius" title="Polybius">Polybius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_von_Ranke" title="Leopold von Ranke">von Ranke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Roberts_(historian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew Roberts (historian)">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._M._Roberts" title="J. M. Roberts">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Spengler" title="Oswald Spengler">Spengler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Stone" title="Norman Stone">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thucydides" title="Thucydides">Thucydides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._D._Unwin" title="J. D. Unwin">Unwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Zamoyski" title="Adam Zamoyski">Zamoyski</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Belgium" title="History of Belgium">Belgium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Pirenne" title="Henri Pirenne">Pirenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_de_Schaepdrijver" title="Sophie de Schaepdrijver">de Schaepdrijver</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="History of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and<br />Herzegovina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0brahim_Pe%C3%A7evi" title="İbrahim Peçevi">Peçevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antun_Kne%C5%BEevi%C4%87" title="Antun Knežević">Knežević</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamdija_Kre%C5%A1evljakovi%C4%87" title="Hamdija Kreševljaković">Kreševljaković</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enver_Red%C5%BEi%C4%87" title="Enver Redžić">Redžić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marko_Vego" title="Marko Vego">Vego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmedin_Mesihovi%C4%87" title="Salmedin Mesihović">Mesihović</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of the United Kingdom">United<br />Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Adamson" title="Donald Adamson">Adamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Allen" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert C. Allen">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perry_Anderson" title="Perry Anderson">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Armstrong" title="Karen Armstrong">Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Bailyn" title="Bernard Bailyn">Bailyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asa_Briggs" title="Asa Briggs">Briggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Butterfield" title="Herbert Butterfield">Butterfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davies_(historian)" title="John Davies (historian)">Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eamon_Duffy" title="Eamon Duffy">Duffy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Rudolph_Elton" class="mw-redirect" title="Geoffrey Rudolph Elton">Elton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niall_Ferguson" title="Niall Ferguson">Ferguson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Harding_Firth" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Harding Firth">Firth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonia_Fraser" title="Antonia Fraser">Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Rawson_Gardiner" title="Samuel Rawson Gardiner">Gardiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Geoffrey of Monmouth">Geoffrey of Monmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Hastings" title="Max Hastings">Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Edward_Christopher_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="John Edward Christopher Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Himmelfarb" title="Gertrude Himmelfarb">Himmelfarb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Hobsbawm" title="Eric Hobsbawm">Hobsbawm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">Hume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Hyde,_1st_Earl_of_Clarendon" title="Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon">Hyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Johnson_(writer)" title="Paul Johnson (writer)">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Edward_Lloyd" title="John Edward Lloyd">Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wm._Roger_Louis" title="Wm. Roger Louis">Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Babington_Macaulay" title="Thomas Babington Macaulay">Macaulay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._J._Marshall" title="P. J. Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Bernstein_Namier" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewis Bernstein Namier">Namier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_O._Morgan" title="Kenneth O. Morgan">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Roberts_(historian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew Roberts (historian)">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Seeley" title="John Robert Seeley">Seeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Starkey" title="David Starkey">Starkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Stone" title="Lawrence Stone">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._H._Tawney" title="R. H. Tawney">Tawney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Thomas_(historian)" title="Keith Thomas (historian)">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._P._Thompson" title="E. P. Thompson">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Macaulay_Trevelyan" class="mw-redirect" title="George Macaulay Trevelyan">Trevelyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Trevor-Roper,_Baron_Dacre_of_Glanton" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugh Trevor-Roper, Baron Dacre of Glanton">Trevor-Roper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._V._Wedgwood" title="C. V. Wedgwood">Wedgwood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Croatia" title="History of Croatia">Croatia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ivo_Banac" title="Ivo Banac">Banac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirjana_Gross" title="Mirjana Gross">Gross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radoslav_Kati%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Radoslav Katičić">Katičić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nada_Klai%C4%87" title="Nada Klaić">Klaić (Nada)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vjekoslav_Klai%C4%87" title="Vjekoslav Klaić">Klaić (Vjekoslav)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Lucius" title="Johannes Lucius">Lucius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trpimir_Macan" title="Trpimir Macan">Macan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franjo_Ra%C4%8Dki" title="Franjo Rački">Rački</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdo_%C5%A0i%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Ferdo Šišić">Šišić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadija_Smi%C4%8Diklas" title="Tadija Smičiklas">Smičiklas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavao_Ritter_Vitezovi%C4%87" title="Pavao Ritter Vitezović">Vitezović</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Finland" title="History of Finland">Finland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Borodkin" title="Mikhail Borodkin">Borodkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesar_Ordin" title="Kesar Ordin">Ordin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrik_Gabriel_Porthan" title="Henrik Gabriel Porthan">Porthan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_France" title="History of France">France</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Bainville" title="Jacques Bainville">Bainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Bloch" title="Marc Bloch">Bloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Becker" title="Jean-Jacques Becker">Becker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Carlyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalie_Zemon_Davis" title="Natalie Zemon Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Duby" title="Georges Duby">Duby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Febvre" title="Lucien Febvre">Febvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alistair_Horne" title="Alistair Horne">Horne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Johnson_(historian)" title="Douglas Johnson (historian)">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Le_Roy_Ladurie" title="Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie">Ladurie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Marrus" title="Michael Marrus">Marrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Michelet" title="Jules Michelet">Michelet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_Mousnier" title="Roland Mousnier">Mousnier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Roswell_Palmer" title="Robert Roswell Palmer">Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Paxton" title="Robert Paxton">Paxton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Renouvin" title="Pierre Renouvin">Renouvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Roberts_(historian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew Roberts (historian)">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeev_Sternhell" title="Zeev Sternhell">Sternhell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Taine" title="Hippolyte Taine">Taine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville" title="Alexis de Tocqueville">de Tocqueville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugen_Weber" title="Eugen Weber">Weber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Germany" title="History of Germany">Germany</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Austria" title="History of Austria">Austria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gisela_Bock" title="Gisela Bock">Bock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Dietrich_Bracher" title="Karl Dietrich Bracher">Bracher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Broszat" title="Martin Broszat">Broszat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Bullock" title="Alan Bullock">Bullock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Citino" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Citino">Citino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_A._Craig" title="Gordon A. Craig">Craig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Evans" title="Richard J. Evans">Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Fest" title="Joachim Fest">Fest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Fischer_(historian)" title="Fritz Fischer (historian)">Fischer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_G%C3%B6rres" title="Joseph Görres">Görres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Hildebrand" title="Klaus Hildebrand">Hildebrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Hillgruber" title="Andreas Hillgruber">Hillgruber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_House" title="Jonathan House">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Hirschfeld" title="Gerhard Hirschfeld">Hirschfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eberhard_J%C3%A4ckel" title="Eberhard Jäckel">Jäckel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Kershaw" title="Ian Kershaw">Kershaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Komlos" title="John Komlos">Komlos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Koonz" title="Claudia Koonz">Koonz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieter_Langewiesche" title="Dieter Langewiesche">Langewiesche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendy_Lower" title="Wendy Lower">Lower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Mason" title="Timothy Mason">Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Meinecke" title="Friedrich Meinecke">Meinecke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Moeller_van_den_Bruck" title="Arthur Moeller van den Bruck">Moeller van den Bruck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Mommsen" title="Hans Mommsen">Mommsen (Hans)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Mommsen" title="Wolfgang Mommsen">Mommsen (Wolfgang)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Mosse" title="George Mosse">Mosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Nolte" title="Ernst Nolte">Nolte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detlev_Peukert" title="Detlev Peukert">Peukert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Ritter" title="Gerhard Ritter">Ritter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Rothfels" title="Hans Rothfels">Rothfels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Stern" title="Fritz Stern">Stern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Stahel" title="David Stahel">Stahel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_St%C3%BCrmer" title="Michael Stürmer">Stürmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_von_Treitschke" title="Heinrich von Treitschke">von Treitschke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._J._P._Taylor" title="A. J. P. Taylor">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Trevor-Roper" title="Hugh Trevor-Roper">Trevor-Roper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Ulrich_Wehler" title="Hans-Ulrich Wehler">Wehler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfram_Wette" title="Wolfram Wette">Wette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Wolffsohn" title="Michael Wolffsohn">Wolffsohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred-Maurice_de_Zayas" title="Alfred-Maurice de Zayas">de Zayas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Zitelmann" title="Rainer Zitelmann">Zitelmann</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland" title="History of Ireland">Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Bonaventure_Browne" title="Mary Bonaventure Browne">Browne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_John_Byrne" title="Francis John Byrne">Byrne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%ADche%C3%A1l_%C3%93_Cl%C3%A9irigh" title="Mícheál Ó Cléirigh">Cléirigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Hughes_(historian)" title="Kathleen Hughes (historian)">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Keating" title="Geoffrey Keating">Keating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F.S.L._Lyons" class="mw-redirect" title="F.S.L. Lyons">Lyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muirchu_moccu_Machtheni" class="mw-redirect" title="Muirchu moccu Machtheni">Machtheni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Curry" title="Eugene O'Curry">O'Curry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_O%27Donovan_(scholar)" title="John O'Donovan (scholar)">O'Donovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%ADrech%C3%A1n" title="Tírechán">Tírechán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_James_Ware" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir James Ware">Ware</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Italy" title="History of Italy">Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Arnone_Sipari" title="Lorenzo Arnone Sipari">Arnone Sipari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R.J.B._Bosworth" class="mw-redirect" title="R.J.B. Bosworth">Bosworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Croce" title="Benedetto Croce">Croce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Cronin" title="Vincent Cronin">Cronin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renzo_De_Felice" title="Renzo De Felice">De Felice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Gentile" title="Emilio Gentile">Gentile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ginsborg" title="Paul Ginsborg">Ginsborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Ginzburg" title="Carlo Ginzburg">Ginzburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrigo_Petacco" title="Arrigo Petacco">Petacco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Salvemini" title="Gaetano Salvemini">Salvemini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Mack_Smith" title="Denis Mack Smith">Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Moldova" title="History of Moldova">Moldova</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petre_Cazacu" class="mw-redirect" title="Petre Cazacu">Cazacu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Iorga" title="Nicolae Iorga">Iorga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Nistor" title="Ion Nistor">Nistor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_King_(professor_of_international_affairs)" title="Charles King (professor of international affairs)">King</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Netherlands" title="History of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pieter_Geyl" title="Pieter Geyl">Geyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lothrop_Motley" title="John Lothrop Motley">Motley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Israel" title="Jonathan Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Schama" title="Simon Schama">Schama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland" title="History of Poland">Poland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Davies" title="Norman Davies">Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawel_Jasienica" class="mw-redirect" title="Pawel Jasienica">Jasienica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wickham_Steed" title="Wickham Steed">Steed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Portugal" title="History of Portugal">Portugal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Hermano_Saraiva" title="José Hermano Saraiva">Hermano Saraiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mattoso" title="José Mattoso">Mattoso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._H._de_Oliveira_Marques" title="A. H. de Oliveira Marques">Oliveira Marques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Rosas" title="Fernando Rosas">Rosas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Romania" title="History of Romania">Romania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucian_Boia" title="Lucian Boia">Boia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogdan_Petriceicu_Hasdeu" title="Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu">Hasdeu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Iorga" title="Nicolae Iorga">Iorga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihail_Kogalniceanu" class="mw-redirect" title="Mihail Kogalniceanu">Kogalniceanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Mitrany" title="David Mitrany">Mitrany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Tismaneanu" class="mw-redirect" title="Vladimir Tismaneanu">Tismaneanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_D._Xenopol" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandru D. Xenopol">Xenopol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Russia" title="History of Russia">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Applebaum" title="Anne Applebaum">Applebaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Bethell" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas Bethell">Bethell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Conquest" title="Robert Conquest">Conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Cronin" title="Vincent Cronin">Cronin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Danilov" title="Viktor Danilov">Danilov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Figes" title="Orlando Figes">Figes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Fitzpatrick" title="Sheila Fitzpatrick">Fitzpatrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Kennedy_Grimsted" title="Patricia Kennedy Grimsted">Grimsted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harald_Hj%C3%A4rne" title="Harald Hjärne">Hjärne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Hosking" title="Geoffrey Hosking">Hosking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindsey_Hughes" title="Lindsey Hughes">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Karamzin" title="Nikolay Karamzin">Karamzin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kenez" title="Peter Kenez">Kenez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleg_Khlevniuk" title="Oleg Khlevniuk">Khlevniuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Lewin" title="Moshe Lewin">Lewin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Medvedev" title="Roy Medvedev">Medvedev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikita_Petrov" title="Nikita Petrov">Petrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Pipes" title="Richard Pipes">Pipes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Service_(historian)" title="Robert Service (historian)">Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Shearer" title="David Shearer">Shearer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn" title="Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn">Solzhenitsyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Taubman" title="William Taubman">Taubman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Ulam" title="Adam Ulam">Ulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Werth" title="Nicolas Werth">Werth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Serbia" title="History of Serbia">Serbia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_%C4%86orovi%C4%87" title="Vladimir Ćorović">Ćorović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sima_%C4%86irkovi%C4%87" title="Sima Ćirković">Ćirković</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jovan_I._Dereti%C4%87" title="Jovan I. Deretić">Deretić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rade_Mihalj%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Rade Mihaljčić">Mihaljčić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stojan_Novakovi%C4%87" title="Stojan Novaković">Novaković</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanoje_Stanojevi%C4%87" title="Stanoje Stanojević">Stanojević</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Scotland" title="History of Scotland">Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G._W._S._Barrow" title="G. W. S. Barrow">Barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector_Boece" title="Hector Boece">Boece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Buchanan" title="George Buchanan">Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Burnet" title="Gilbert Burnet">Burnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Fordun" title="John of Fordun">John of Fordun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Harvie" title="Christopher Harvie">Harvie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Kidd" title="Colin Kidd">Kidd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Lynch_(historian)" title="Michael Lynch (historian)">Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Oram" title="Richard Oram">Oram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Scott" title="Walter Scott">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Tranter" title="Nigel Tranter">Tranter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Slovakia" title="History of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ladislav_De%C3%A1k" title="Ladislav Deák">Deák</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Kamenec" title="Ivan Kamenec">Kamenec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Franti%C5%A1ek_Koll%C3%A1r" title="Adam František Kollár">Kollár</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juraj_Marusiak" class="mw-redirect" title="Juraj Marusiak">Marusiak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zora_Mintalov%C3%A1-Zubercov%C3%A1" title="Zora Mintalová-Zubercová">Mintalová-Zubercová</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Jozef_%C5%A0af%C3%A1rik" title="Pavel Jozef Šafárik">Šafárik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Slovenia" title="History of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bogo_Grafenauer" title="Bogo Grafenauer">Grafenauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasilij_Melik" title="Vasilij Melik">Melik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marta_Verginella" title="Marta Verginella">Verginella</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Spain" title="History of Spain">Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Altamira_y_Crevea" title="Rafael Altamira y Crevea">Altamira y Crevea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Ari%C3%A9" title="Rachel Arié">Arié</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antony_Beevor" title="Antony Beevor">Beevor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_Bennassar" title="Bartolomé Bennassar">Bennassar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Biclaro" title="John of Biclaro">John of Biclaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Carr" title="Raymond Carr">Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Collins" title="Roger Collins">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Elliott_(historian)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Elliott (historian)">Elliott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_Florencio" title="Rafael Núñez Florencio">Florencio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Gibson_(author)" title="Ian Gibson (author)">Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreu_Ivars" title="Andreu Ivars">Ivars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Kamen" title="Henry Kamen">Kamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Parker_(historian)" title="Geoffrey Parker (historian)">Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_G._Payne" title="Stanley G. Payne">Payne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P%C3%A9rez" title="Joseph Pérez">Pérez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Preston" title="Paul Preston">Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Jim%C3%A9nez_de_Rada" title="Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada">de Rada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Ribera_y_Tarrag%C3%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Julian Ribera y Tarragó">Ribera y Tarragó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Thomas,_Baron_Thomas_of_Swynnerton" title="Hugh Thomas, Baron Thomas of Swynnerton">Thomas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sweden" title="History of Sweden">Sweden</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Englund" title="Peter Englund">Englund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anders_Fryxell" title="Anders Fryxell">Fryxell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Gustaf_Geijer" title="Erik Gustaf Geijer">Geijer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Grimberg" title="Carl Grimberg">Grimberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Harrison" title="Dick Harrison">Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnhild_Hatton" title="Ragnhild Hatton">Hatton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harald_Hj%C3%A4rne" title="Harald Hjärne">Hjärne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_L%C3%B6nnroth" title="Erik Lönnroth">Lönnroth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olaus_Magnus" title="Olaus Magnus">Magnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_von_Pufendorf" title="Samuel von Pufendorf">von Pufendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Ringmar" title="Erik Ringmar">Ringmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Roberts_(historian)" title="Michael Roberts (historian)">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Robinson_(1650%E2%80%931723)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Robinson (1650–1723)">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sven_Stolpe" title="Sven Stolpe">Stolpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curt_Weibull" title="Curt Weibull">Weibull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauritz_Weibull" title="Lauritz Weibull">Weibull</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ivo_Banac" title="Ivo Banac">Banac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misha_Glenny" title="Misha Glenny">Glenny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Jelavich" title="Barbara Jelavich">Jelavich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Schwartz_(journalist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen Schwartz (journalist)">Schwartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jozo_Tomasevich" title="Jozo Tomasevich">Tomasevich</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312279#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000108762550">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/19699030">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1914557/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJxrWYfr7WmfxRDKv8MHG3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/120831864">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85235982">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12060189j">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12060189j">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01120394">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35705606">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0043730&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1327123">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1361415">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068282397">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90709142">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000031511&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000032400&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=313658">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC200805269">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/1zcgmllk06lhjjd">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810596166005606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007263511505171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058522432706706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14540408">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00362453?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Tony Judt"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/45ca4318-fa7b-4551-8223-87a10d2679b1">MusicBrainz</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1050788">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd120831864.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/120831864">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028851935">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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