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url(https://www.omniglot.com/radio/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/cropped-bg_radio_omniglot.jpg)"> <div class="site-branding"> <h1 class="site-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/" rel="home">Radio Omniglot</a></h1> <h2 class="site-description">Podcasts about languages and words</h2> </div> <nav id="site-navigation" class="main-navigation" role="navigation"> <button id="menu-button" class="menu-toggle" aria-controls="primary-menu" aria-expanded="false">Primary Menu</button> <div class="menu-top-menu-container"><ul id="primary-menu" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-22" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-home menu-item-22"><a href="http://www.omniglot.com/radio/">Home</a></li> <li id="menu-item-23" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-23"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?page_id=9">About</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2627" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2627"><a 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class="page-title">Category: <span>Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)</span></h1> </header> <article id="post-3836" class="post-3836 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-breton category-catalan-catala category-celtic-pathways category-cornish category-czech category-english category-etymology category-french category-gaulish category-irish category-language category-manx category-music category-podcast category-polish-polski category-proto-celtic category-proto-indo-european category-russian category-scottish-gaelic category-swedish category-welsh tag-celtic tag-etymology tag-gaelic tag-language tag-linguistics tag-music tag-omniglot tag-podcast tag-soot tag-words"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3836" rel="bookmark">Celtic Pathways – Sooty Soot</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3836" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2025-03-15T17:24:20+00:00">15th March 2025</time><time class="updated" datetime="2025-03-15T17:31:36+00:00">15th March 2025</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AudioObject"><meta itemprop="name" content="Celtic Pathways &#8211; Sooty Soot" /><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2025-03-15T17:24:20+00:00" /><meta itemprop="encodingFormat" content="audio/mpeg" /><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT1M38S" /><meta itemprop="description" content="In this episode we discover the possible Celtic roots of words for soot in English, French and various other languages. The Proto-Celtic word *sūdyā means soot and comes from Proto-Indo-European *suh₃d- (soot [?]), or from sed- (to sit) [source]. ..." /><meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/soot.mp3" /><meta itemprop="contentSize" content="1.3" /><div class="powerpress_player" id="powerpress_player_6193"> <audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-3836-1" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/soot.mp3?_=1" /><a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/soot.mp3">https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/soot.mp3</a></audio></div></div><p class="powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3" style="margin-bottom: 1px !important;">Podcast: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/soot.mp3" class="powerpress_link_pinw" target="_blank" title="Play in new window" onclick="return powerpress_pinw('https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?powerpress_pinw=3836-podcast');" rel="nofollow">Play in new window</a> | <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/soot.mp3" class="powerpress_link_d" title="Download" rel="nofollow" download="soot.mp3">Download</a></p><p>In this episode we discover the possible Celtic roots of words for <strong>soot</strong> in English, French and various other languages.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/112261457@N06/33398368658/in/photolist-STinqo-rhtLns-3zST4N-ZQKjEN-FYFEaF-rc2XP-cWg4yh-5N4HUM-8MQyG-r4xL96-3gKWnK-bXdyCx-8mPt11-2icdrms-2o5t4Fv-2jAmL2D-96MEHr-8kxCq4-RD8DE5-6hKwm-2mrYiS4-aMmhPe-aEHEEY-2kQce4L-cRTwyY-wCcoe-bGP358-5Z2Anw-2icbfBL-dXkZ7c-FLWER6-ZvPDXA-2gnW1fU-2qtJLWe-2ktoevy-2kfynGR-5YXj5z-kiQE3r-UT91Tu-uioey-2onwm66-2mwK2QD-2ms5mCe-2mrZzcE-2qsSAFc-2ontA2E-2pUapfy-s8V3zd-28i8yuK-pZdYzi" title="Anybody else smell smoke??"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/7903/33398368658_d79cd4108b_z.jpg" width="640" height="427" alt="Anybody else smell smoke??"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p>The Proto-Celtic word <strong>*sūdyā</strong> means soot and comes from Proto-Indo-European <em>*suh₃d-</em> (soot [?]), or from <em>sed-</em> (to sit) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/huddygl#Welsh">source</a>].</p> <p>Related words in the modern Celtic languages include: </p> <ul> <li><strong>súiche</strong> [ˈsˠuːçɪ] = soot in Irish</li> <li><strong>sùith</strong> [suːj] = soot in Scottish Gaelic</li> <li><strong>sooie</strong> = smut, soot in Manx</li> <li><strong>huddygl</strong> [ˈhɨ̞ðɨ̞ɡl / ˈhɪðɪɡl] = soot in Welsh</li> <li><strong>hudhygel</strong> = soot in Cornish</li> <li><strong>huzil</strong> [ˈhyː(z)il] = soot in Breton</li> </ul> <p>For more about words for <strong>soot</strong> and related things in Celtic languages, see the Celtiadur post: <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/2025/03/15/soot/">Soot</a>.</p> <p>Words from the same Proto-Celtic root, via Gaulish <em>*sūdiā</em> (soot [?]), include <strong>sutge</strong> (soot) in Catalan, <strong>suie</strong> (soot) in French, and maybe <strong>soot</strong> in English, <strong>sot</strong> (soot) in Swedish, <strong>sadza</strong> (soot) in Polish, <strong>сажа</strong> (saža – soot) in Russian, and <strong>saze</strong> (soot) in Czech [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/s%C5%ABdy%C4%81">source</a>].</p> <p>Incidentally, another Welsh word for soot is <strong>fflacs</strong>, which refers specifically to soot blown down a chimney on a windy day [<a href="https://welsh-dictionary.ac.uk/gpc/gpc.html">source</a>].</p> <p>Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with <a href="https://blubrry.com/services/podcast-hosting/?code=omniglot">Blubrry Podcast Hosting</a>, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code <strong>omniglot</strong>.</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img decoding="async" src="/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3836" data-a2a-title="Celtic Pathways – Sooty Soot"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3836&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Sooty%20Soot" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/twitter?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3836&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Sooty%20Soot" title="Twitter" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_pinterest" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/pinterest?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3836&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Sooty%20Soot" title="Pinterest" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a></div></div> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=38" rel="category">Breton (Brezhoneg)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=115" rel="category">Catalan (català)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=122" rel="category">Celtic Pathways</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=37" rel="category">Cornish (Kernewek)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=33" rel="category">Czech (čeština)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=20" rel="category">English</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=56" rel="category">Etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=23" rel="category">French (français)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=117" rel="category">Gaulish</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=6" rel="category">Irish (Gaeilge)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=4" rel="category">Language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=36" rel="category">Manx (Gaelg)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=11" rel="category">Music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=1" rel="category">Podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=63" rel="category">Polish (polski)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=94" rel="category">Proto-Celtic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=59" rel="category">Proto-Indo-European</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=32" rel="category">Russian (Русский)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=5" rel="category">Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=30" rel="category">Swedish (svenska)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=7" rel="category">Welsh (Cymraeg)</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=celtic" rel="tag">celtic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=etymology" rel="tag">etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=gaelic" rel="tag">gaelic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=language" rel="tag">language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=linguistics" rel="tag">linguistics</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=music" rel="tag">music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=omniglot" rel="tag">omniglot</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=podcast" rel="tag">podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=soot" rel="tag">soot</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=words" rel="tag">words</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3836#respond">Leave a comment</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-3800" class="post-3800 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-adventures-in-etymology category-ancient-greek- category-english category-etymology category-language category-latin category-middle-english category-music category-persian-farsi- category-podcast category-scottish-gaelic category-spanish category-welsh tag-accent tag-accents tag-etymology tag-language tag-linguistics tag-music tag-omniglot tag-podcast tag-prosody tag-words"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3800" rel="bookmark">Adventures in Etymology – Accents</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3800" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2025-02-22T15:34:24+00:00">22nd February 2025</time><time class="updated" datetime="2025-02-22T16:04:28+00:00">22nd February 2025</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AudioObject"><meta itemprop="name" content="Adventures in Etymology &#8211; Accents" /><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2025-02-22T15:34:24+00:00" /><meta itemprop="encodingFormat" content="audio/mpeg" /><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT2M18S" /><meta itemprop="description" content="In this Adventure in Etymology, we find what the word accent has to do with singing. An accent [ˈak.sənt / ˈæk.sɛnt] is: The way in which people in a particular area, country, or social group pronounce words. A mark written or printed over a let..." /><meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/accent.mp3" /><meta itemprop="contentSize" content="2.4" /><div class="powerpress_player" id="powerpress_player_6194"><audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-3800-2" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/accent.mp3?_=2" /><a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/accent.mp3">https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/accent.mp3</a></audio></div></div><p class="powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3" style="margin-bottom: 1px !important;">Podcast: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/accent.mp3" class="powerpress_link_pinw" target="_blank" title="Play in new window" onclick="return powerpress_pinw('https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?powerpress_pinw=3800-podcast');" rel="nofollow">Play in new window</a> | <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/accent.mp3" class="powerpress_link_d" title="Download" rel="nofollow" download="accent.mp3">Download</a></p><p>In this Adventure in Etymology, we find what the word <strong>accent</strong> has to do with <strong>singing</strong>.</p> <p><img decoding="async" src="https://www.omniglot.com/images/videos/accents.jpg" width="630" height="354" alt="Adventures in Etymology - Accents" /></p> <p>An <strong>accent</strong> [ˈak.sənt / ˈæk.sɛnt] is:</p> <ul> <li>The way in which people in a particular area, country, or social group pronounce words.</li> <li>A mark written or printed over a letter to show how to pronounce it.</li> <li>A special emphasis given to a particular syllable in a word, word in a sentence, or note in a set of musical notes. [<a href="https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/accent">source</a> – <em>other meanings are available</em>]</li> </ul> <p>It comes from Middle English <em>accent</em> (accent, modulation), from Latin <em>accentus</em> (a blast, signal, accent, tone), from <em>accinō / accanō</em> (to sing to), from <em>ad</em> (to[wards]), and <em>canō</em> (to sing, recite, sound), a calque of Ancient Greek <em>προσῳδία</em> (prosōidía – song sung to music; pronunciation of syllable), from <em>πρός</em> (prós – to) and <em>ᾠδή</em> (ōidḗ – song) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/accent#English">source</a>].</p> <p>Words for <strong>accent</strong> in many other languages come from the same roots, as do the words <strong>chant</strong>, <strong>descant</strong>, <strong>enchant</strong>, <strong>incant</strong> and <strong>hen</strong> in English, <strong>canu</strong> (to sing, intone, chant) in Welsh, <strong>can</strong> (to say) in Scottish Gaelic, <strong>cicogna</strong> (stork) in Spanish, <strong>káně </strong> (buzzard) in Czech, and <strong>خوانْدَن</strong> (xândan – to read, recite, sing, study) in Persian [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cano#Latin">source</a>].</p> <p>Incidentally, the Ancient Greek word <strong>προσῳδία</strong> (prosōidía – song sung to music; pronunciation of syllable) is the root (via Middle French and Latin) of the English word <strong>prosody</strong>, which is study of rhythm, intonation, stress, and related attributes in speech, or the study of the patterns of sounds and rhythms in poetry [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/prosody#English">source</a>].</p> <p>You might believe that you don’t have an accent, but you do. We all do. You might think that because you sound similar to most people around you, you don’t have an accent, while people from elsewhere do. From their perspective, it’s you that has an accent. I have a bit of a wandering accent that changes depending on who I’ve been listening and/or talking to.</p> <p>You can also listen to this podcast on: <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/radio-omniglot/id1432641094">Apple Podcasts</a>, <a href="https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/8b1b1d1b-b39e-4277-b28d-479a3b5043b3/radio-omniglot">Amazon Music</a>, <a href="https://tunein.com/podcasts/Education-Podcasts/Radio-Omniglot-p1154145/">TuneIn</a>, <a href="https://www.podchaser.com/podcasts/radio-omniglot-716327">Podchaser</a>, <a href="<a href="https://podbay.fm/p/radio-omniglot">Podbay</a> or <a href="https://podtail.com/da/podcast/radio-omniglot/">Podtail</a> and other pod places.</p> <p>If you would like to support this podcast, you can make a donation via <a href="https://www.paypal.com/uk/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_flow&SESSION=aLjPfXL-vP_1gQ_U23Iz8_hSWLlhzLHPMFZrt32dIEfG8htoNFLYaPoWkv8&dispatch=5885d80a13c0db1f8e263663d3faee8def8934b92a630e40b7fef61ab7e9fe63">PayPal</a> or <a href="https://www.patreon.com/omniglot">Patreon</a>, or <a href="http://www.omniglot.com/donations.htm">contribute to Omniglot in other ways</a>.</p> <p>Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with <a href="https://blubrry.com/services/podcast-hosting/?code=omniglot">Blubrry Podcast Hosting</a>, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code <strong>omniglot</strong>.</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://www.omniglot.com/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <p>I also write about words, etymology and other language-related topics on the <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/">Omniglot Blog</a>, and I explore etymological connections between Celtic languages on the <a href="http://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/">Celtiadur</a> blog.</p> <div align="center"><a href="http://my.kualo.com/uk/go/00572" target="_blank"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://cdn.kualo.com/rewards/uk-unlimited-728x90.gif" width="728" height="90" border="0" alt="Unlimited Web Hosting - Kualo"/></a></div> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3800" data-a2a-title="Adventures in Etymology – Accents"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3800&linkname=Adventures%20in%20Etymology%20%E2%80%93%20Accents" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/twitter?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3800&linkname=Adventures%20in%20Etymology%20%E2%80%93%20Accents" title="Twitter" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_pinterest" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/pinterest?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3800&linkname=Adventures%20in%20Etymology%20%E2%80%93%20Accents" title="Pinterest" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a></div></div> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=98" rel="category">Adventures in Etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=97" rel="category">Ancient Greek (Ἑλληνική)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=20" rel="category">English</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=56" rel="category">Etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=4" rel="category">Language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=50" rel="category">Latin (Lingua Latina)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=58" rel="category">Middle English (Englisch)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=11" rel="category">Music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=157" rel="category">Persian (Fārsī / فارسی)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=1" rel="category">Podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=5" rel="category">Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=28" rel="category">Spanish (español)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=7" rel="category">Welsh (Cymraeg)</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=accent" rel="tag">accent</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=accents" rel="tag">accents</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=etymology" rel="tag">etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=language" rel="tag">language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=linguistics" rel="tag">linguistics</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=music" rel="tag">music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=omniglot" rel="tag">omniglot</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=podcast" rel="tag">podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=prosody" rel="tag">prosody</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=words" rel="tag">words</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3800#comments">2 Comments</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-3782" class="post-3782 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-breton category-celtic-pathways category-cornish category-dutch category-english category-etymology category-french category-german category-irish category-language category-manx category-middle-english category-middle-french category-music category-old-english-aenglisc category-podcast category-proto-celtic category-proto-germanic category-proto-indo-european category-scottish-gaelic category-welsh tag-celtic tag-etymology tag-gulls tag-language tag-music tag-omniglot tag-podcast tag-seagulls tag-words"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3782" rel="bookmark">Celtic Pathways – Gulls</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3782" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2025-02-15T16:31:58+00:00">15th February 2025</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AudioObject"><meta itemprop="name" content="Celtic Pathways &#8211; Gulls" /><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2025-02-15T16:31:58+00:00" /><meta itemprop="encodingFormat" content="audio/mpeg" /><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT2M14S" /><meta itemprop="description" content="In this episode we discover the possible Celtic roots of English and French words for seagull. The Proto-Celtic word *wailannā means seagull, and possibly comes from the Proto-Indo-European *wáy (oh! ah! woe! alas!), and maybe related to *waylos (..." /><meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/gulls.mp3" /><meta itemprop="contentSize" content="2.5" /><div class="powerpress_player" id="powerpress_player_6195"><audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-3782-3" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/gulls.mp3?_=3" /><a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/gulls.mp3">https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/gulls.mp3</a></audio></div></div><p class="powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3" style="margin-bottom: 1px !important;">Podcast: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/gulls.mp3" class="powerpress_link_pinw" target="_blank" title="Play in new window" onclick="return powerpress_pinw('https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?powerpress_pinw=3782-podcast');" rel="nofollow">Play in new window</a> | <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/gulls.mp3" class="powerpress_link_d" title="Download" rel="nofollow" download="gulls.mp3">Download</a></p><p>In this episode we discover the possible Celtic roots of English and French words for <strong>seagull</strong>.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/omniglot/8669890780/in/photolist-CK25VS-CK27Kd-CK28Ab-CK2bh3-FUqCZZ-FUqDKr-RnJ5aY-VmySKU-WzcBBq-WQihiY-Xeg1VF-Xeg49Z-XFjAgk-XVbVC5-Ybi4Te-YfJGDe-YRhzKA-ZLgxUY-ZLgzc7-ZLgDqN-ZLgFxU-ZQZeZg-23DSofy-2hfkDSr-2jEus7W-nwQjkH-Q9JBGu-Qcx3CB-ed8stw" title="Gulls"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/8263/8669890780_4edd1de330_z.jpg" width="640" height="480" alt="Gulls"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p>The Proto-Celtic word <strong>*wailannā</strong> means seagull, and possibly comes from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*wáy</em> (oh! ah! woe! alas!), and maybe related to <em>*waylos</em> (howler, wolf) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/wailann%C4%81">source</a>].</p> <p>Related words in the modern Celtic languages include: </p> <ul> <li><strong>faoileán</strong> = gull, seagull in Irish</li> <li><strong>faoileann</strong> [fɯːlən̪ˠ] = gull, seagull, common gull in Scottish Gaelic</li> <li><strong>foillan</strong> = gull, seagull in Manx</li> <li><strong>gwylan</strong> [ˈɡʊɨ̯lan / ˈɡʊi̯lan] = sea-gull, fair maiden, glutton in Welsh</li> <li><strong>golan</strong> [ˈɡoːlan / ˈɡʊlɐn] = gull, seagull in Cornish</li> <li><strong>gouelan</strong> [ˈɡweːlãn] = seagull in Breton</li> </ul> <p>For more about words for <strong>gulls</strong> and related things in Celtic languages, see the Celtiadur post: <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/2020/08/15/gulls/">Gulls</a></p> <p>The English word <strong>gull</strong> comes from Middle English <strong>gulle</strong> (gull, water bird), which was probably borrowed from a Brythonic language (Welsh or Cornish) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gull#English">source</a>].</p> <p>The French word <strong>goéland</strong> [ɡɔ.e.lɑ̃] (gull, herring gull) was borrowed from Middle Breton <strong>goelan</strong> (gull, seagull) in the 15th century [<a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/go%C3%A9land">source</a>].</p> <p>A more common French word for (sea)gull is <strong>mouette</strong> [mwɛt], which comes from Middle French <em>mouette</em> (seagull) from Old French <em>moette</em> (seagull), from <em>maoe</em> (seagull), from Old English <em>mǣw</em> (seagull) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kelh%E2%82%82-">source</a>]. </p> <p>The Old Englsh word <em>mǣw</em>, comes from Proto-Germanic <em>*maiwiz</em> (seagull), from a non-Indo-European substrate, or is of imitative origin. It’s also found in Middle English as <em>mewe</em> (gull, seagull), in the archaic / dialectal English word <strong>mew</strong> (gull, seagull), in Dutch as <strong>meeuw</strong> (seagull), and in German as <strong>Möwe</strong> (seagull) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/m%C3%A6w#Old_English">source</a>]. </p> <p>Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with <a href="https://blubrry.com/services/podcast-hosting/?code=omniglot">Blubrry Podcast Hosting</a>, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code <strong>omniglot</strong>.</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3782" data-a2a-title="Celtic Pathways – Gulls"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3782&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Gulls" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/twitter?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3782&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Gulls" title="Twitter" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_pinterest" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/pinterest?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3782&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Gulls" title="Pinterest" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a></div></div> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=38" rel="category">Breton (Brezhoneg)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=122" rel="category">Celtic Pathways</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=37" rel="category">Cornish (Kernewek)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=47" rel="category">Dutch (Nederlands)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=20" rel="category">English</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=56" rel="category">Etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=23" rel="category">French (français)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=24" rel="category">German (Deutsch)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=6" rel="category">Irish (Gaeilge)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=4" rel="category">Language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=36" rel="category">Manx (Gaelg)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=58" rel="category">Middle English (Englisch)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=140" rel="category">Middle French (françois)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=11" rel="category">Music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=55" rel="category">Old English (Ænglisc)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=1" rel="category">Podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=94" rel="category">Proto-Celtic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=57" rel="category">Proto-Germanic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=59" rel="category">Proto-Indo-European</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=5" rel="category">Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=7" rel="category">Welsh (Cymraeg)</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=celtic" rel="tag">celtic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=etymology" rel="tag">etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=gulls" rel="tag">gulls</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=language" rel="tag">language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=music" rel="tag">music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=omniglot" rel="tag">omniglot</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=podcast" rel="tag">podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=seagulls" rel="tag">seagulls</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=words" rel="tag">words</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3782#respond">Leave a comment</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-3761" class="post-3761 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-breton category-bulgarian- category-catalan-catala category-celtic-pathways category-cornish category-croatian-hrvatski category-czech category-etymology category-french category-gaulish category-german category-irish category-italian category-language category-latin category-manx category-music category-podcast category-polish-polski category-portuguese category-proto-celtic category-proto-indo-european category-scottish-gaelic category-slovak-slovencina category-slovenian-slovenscina category-welsh"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3761" rel="bookmark">Celtic Pathways – Calamitous Swords</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3761" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2025-01-25T14:45:04+00:00">25th January 2025</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AudioObject"><meta itemprop="name" content="Celtic Pathways &#8211; Calamitous Swords" /><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2025-01-25T14:45:04+00:00" /><meta itemprop="encodingFormat" content="audio/mpeg" /><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT2M29S" /><meta itemprop="description" content="In this episode we discover the possible Celtic roots of some words for sword, hammer and related things in Romance and Slavic languages. The Proto-Celtic word *kladiwos means sword, and comes from Proto-Celtic *kladeti (to stab, dig), from Proto..." /><meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/calamitousswords.mp3" /><meta itemprop="contentSize" content="2.7" /><div class="powerpress_player" id="powerpress_player_6196"><audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-3761-4" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/calamitousswords.mp3?_=4" /><a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/calamitousswords.mp3">https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/calamitousswords.mp3</a></audio></div></div><p class="powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3" style="margin-bottom: 1px !important;">Podcast: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/calamitousswords.mp3" class="powerpress_link_pinw" target="_blank" title="Play in new window" onclick="return powerpress_pinw('https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?powerpress_pinw=3761-podcast');" rel="nofollow">Play in new window</a> | <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/calamitousswords.mp3" class="powerpress_link_d" title="Download" rel="nofollow" download="calamitousswords.mp3">Download</a></p><p>In this episode we discover the possible Celtic roots of some words for <strong>sword</strong>, <strong>hammer</strong> and related things in Romance and Slavic languages.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/squage/26001024422/in/photolist-FBC3Gw-dTyQc-8uREX4-61r772-fCjHAV-22i9dUP-2j8zaaF-fXxpQg-ahqBzA-5kmX2G-eqyNzo-qmWEs4-orWuG-d97GK7-fC5q6Q-4vsims-ivas39-4ktch9-8rShYs-i2WYkb-8rPcHD-2gCdKV2-bsnyGL-5Jdbcy-VDm53d-AiujQB-p2mxSL-27L7HcB-7wQuNL-Tfati-obZmpX-igb8ut-ehBaGr-9UnGWs-bUFnmy-dtDTac-doagYm-b6fHJx-HrGTKQ-9DM3eq-YpPMmy-hoYAkN-b6fGbP-fPzccZ-7ArGfi-G2j2m8-b6fF68-Xp3S13-4gDGVY-b6fGqg" title="Swords"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/1583/26001024422_76880e9047_z.jpg" width="640" height="427" alt="Swords"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p>The Proto-Celtic word <strong>*kladiwos</strong> means sword, and comes from Proto-Celtic <em>*kladeti</em> (to stab, dig), from Proto-Indo-European <em>*kl̥h₂dʰ-é-ti</em>, from <em>*kelh₂-</em> (to beat, strike) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kladiwos">source</a>].</p> <p>Related words in the modern Celtic languages include: </p> <ul> <li><strong>claíomh</strong> [kl̪ˠiːvˠ/kl̪ˠiːw] = sword in Irish</li> <li><strong>claidheamh</strong> [kl̪ˠajəv] = sword in Scottish Gaelic</li> <li><strong>cliwe</strong> = sword in Manx</li> <li><strong>cleddyf</strong> [ˈklɛðɨ̞v/ˈkleːðɪv] = sword, blade, brace (<em>on a door or wall</em>) in Welsh</li> <li><strong>kledha</strong> = sword in Cornish</li> <li><strong>kleze</strong> [ˈkleː.ze] = sword, glaive (a light lance with a long, sharp-pointed head) in Breton</li> </ul> <p>For more about words for <strong>sword</strong> and related things in Celtic languages, see the Celtiadur post: <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/2024/12/20/swords-spikes/">Swords & Spikes</a></p> <p>Words directly from the same Proto-Celtic root <em>*kladiwos</em> (sword) include <strong>kladivo</strong> (hammer, gavel) in Croatian, <strong>kladivo</strong> (hammer, sledgehammer) in Czech, <strong>kladivo</strong> (hammer, stamp, maul, hammerhead) in Slovak, <strong>kladivo</strong> (hammer, sledgehammer) in Slovenian [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kladiwos">source</a>].</p> <p>Words from the same Proto-Celtic root <em>*kladiwos</em> (sword), via Gaulish <em>*kladyos</em> (sword), and Latin <em>gladius</em> (sword, death, a gladiatorial contest), possibly include <strong>gladiator</strong>, <strong>gladiolus</strong> and <strong>glaive</strong> in English, <strong>esglai</strong> (fright) in Catalan, <strong>ghiado</strong> (sword, dagger, knife, frost, cold), and <strong>giaggiolo</strong> (iris [flower]) in Italian, <strong>gládio</strong> (sword, power, strength) in Portuguese and <strong>glaïeul</strong> (gladiolus) in French [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gladius#Latin">source</a>].</p> <p>Words from the same PIE roots include <strong>calamity</strong>, <strong>clade</strong>, <strong>clergy</strong>, <strong>cleric</strong>, <strong>clerk</strong>, <strong>coup</strong>, and <strong>glaive</strong> in English, <strong>коля</strong> (kolja – to slaughter, butcher) in Bulgarian, <strong>kłoda </strong> (log, trunk, beehive, barrel) in Polish, and <strong>Holz</strong> (wood) in German [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kelh%E2%82%82-">source</a>]. </p> <p>Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with <a href="https://blubrry.com/services/podcast-hosting/?code=omniglot">Blubrry Podcast Hosting</a>, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code <strong>omniglot</strong>.</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3761" data-a2a-title="Celtic Pathways – Calamitous Swords"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3761&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Calamitous%20Swords" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/twitter?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3761&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Calamitous%20Swords" title="Twitter" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_pinterest" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/pinterest?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3761&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Calamitous%20Swords" title="Pinterest" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a></div></div> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=38" rel="category">Breton (Brezhoneg)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=121" rel="category">Bulgarian (Български)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=115" rel="category">Catalan (català)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=122" rel="category">Celtic Pathways</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=37" rel="category">Cornish (Kernewek)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=202" rel="category">Croatian (hrvatski)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=33" rel="category">Czech (čeština)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=56" rel="category">Etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=23" rel="category">French (français)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=117" rel="category">Gaulish</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=24" rel="category">German (Deutsch)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=6" rel="category">Irish (Gaeilge)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=12" rel="category">Italian (italiano)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=4" rel="category">Language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=50" rel="category">Latin (Lingua Latina)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=36" rel="category">Manx (Gaelg)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=11" rel="category">Music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=1" rel="category">Podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=63" rel="category">Polish (polski)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=27" rel="category">Portuguese (português)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=94" rel="category">Proto-Celtic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=59" rel="category">Proto-Indo-European</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=5" rel="category">Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=72" rel="category">Slovak (slovenčina)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=203" rel="category">Slovenian (slovenščina)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=7" rel="category">Welsh (Cymraeg)</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3761#respond">Leave a comment</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-3707" class="post-3707 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-breton category-celtic-pathways category-cimbrian-tzimbrisch category-cornish category-danish category-french category-gaulish category-german category-irish category-italian category-language category-latin category-manx category-music category-podcast category-proto-celtic category-proto-indo-european category-scottish-gaelic category-welsh tag-bro tag-broch tag-brugh tag-celtic tag-etymology tag-gaelic tag-language tag-linguistics tag-music tag-omniglot tag-pathways tag-podcast"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3707" rel="bookmark">Celtic Pathways – Country Gardens</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3707" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2024-12-08T15:03:50+00:00">8th December 2024</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AudioObject"><meta itemprop="name" content="Celtic Pathways &#8211; Country Gardens" /><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2024-12-08T15:03:50+00:00" /><meta itemprop="encodingFormat" content="audio/mpeg" /><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT2M09S" /><meta itemprop="description" content="In this episode we uncover links between words for country and land in Celtic languages, and words for garden, wood and related things in other languages. Bodnant Garden / Gardd Bodnant The Proto-Celtic word *mrogis means border(land), march, mar..." /><meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/countrygardens.mp3" /><meta itemprop="contentSize" content="1.8" /><div class="powerpress_player" id="powerpress_player_6197"><audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-3707-5" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/countrygardens.mp3?_=5" /><a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/countrygardens.mp3">https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/countrygardens.mp3</a></audio></div></div><p class="powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3" style="margin-bottom: 1px !important;">Podcast: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/countrygardens.mp3" class="powerpress_link_pinw" target="_blank" title="Play in new window" onclick="return powerpress_pinw('https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?powerpress_pinw=3707-podcast');" rel="nofollow">Play in new window</a> | <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/countrygardens.mp3" class="powerpress_link_d" title="Download" rel="nofollow" download="countrygardens.mp3">Download</a></p><p>In this episode we uncover links between words for <strong>country</strong> and <strong>land</strong> in Celtic languages, and words for <strong>garden</strong>, <strong>wood</strong> and related things in other languages.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/omniglot/27480012075/in/album-72157680530437275" title="Bodnant"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/7447/27480012075_d092212376_z.jpg" width="640" height="360" alt="Bodnant"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script><br /> <em>Bodnant Garden / Gardd Bodnant </em></p> <p>The Proto-Celtic word <strong>*mrogis</strong> means border(land), march, mark, region, country, territory or province, and comes from Proto-Indo-European <em>*mórǵs</em> (frontier, border) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/mrogis">source</a>]</p> <p>Related words in the modern Celtic languages include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>brugh</strong> = dwelling, mansion in Irish</li> <li><strong>brugh</strong> [bruh] = broch (a type of Iron Age stone tower with hollow double-layered walls – see below), fortified tower, large house, mansion, fairy mound in Scottish Gaelic</li> <li><strong>brogh</strong> = broch in Manx</li> <li><strong>bro</strong> [broː] = region, country, land, neighbourhood, border, limit, boundary in Welsh</li> <li><strong>bro</strong> = country, land in Cornish</li> <li><strong>bro</strong> [broː] = counry(-side) in Breton</li> </ul> <p>For more about words for <strong>border</strong>, <strong>land</strong>, <strong>country</strong> and related things in Celtic languages, see the Celtiadur post: <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/2023/01/25/region-and-country/">Region and Country</a></p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/duncan/2275224652/in/photolist-4t482f-4tNDxn-4tSGh1-Gb1qbP-4KRvsQ-538mci-8XUDm5-5hbALx-8XRDgX-8XUHK1-5hbCix-d1uEMA-8xWZjV-8xQixU-5hbEbX-ajcVDM-d1uFDq-Ks2p7U-8XRDJD-d1uFdj-9nVPBx-8wfw2c-95SGNF-b4tChZ-95TDbT-jZCWc-9nVPBD-5Tfu18-jZDop-ajBp4N-8XV7to-qvijq-FZJfJz-Pto-Ptm-KwpnGf-qJBPzW-P3Mz9m-8Vu8e4-799eNm-8WjM3X-795Eht-8WjLNB-2gk1xph-8WjLW2-qviha-LzBxNk-pVQ94V-qvihZ-9srkUN" title="Mousa Broch"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/2092/2275224652_5374218295_z.jpg" width="640" height="480" alt="Mousa Broch"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p>Words from the same Proto-Celtic root, via Gaulish <em>*brogis</em> and Latin <em>brogi-/broges</em>, include <strong>brolo</strong> (vegetable garden, orchard, grove) in Italian, and <strong>breuil</strong> (wood, copse, coppice) in French, <strong>bröol</strong> (a lawn or vegetable garden surrounding house) in Cimbrian, and <strong>Brühl</strong> (enclosed land, (wet/swampy) meadow) in German (<em>found mainly in place names</em>).</p> <p>Words from the same PIE root include <strong>margin</strong>, and <strong>march</strong> (a border region; formal, rhythmic way of walking) in English, and <strong>marge</strong> (margin, markup) in French, <strong>marca</strong> (brand, make, trademark) in Italian [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/margo#Latin">source</a>], <strong>Mark</strong> (a fortified border area, marches) in German, and <strong>mark</strong> (field) in Danish, as in <strong>Denmark</strong> [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mark%C5%8D">source</a>].</p> <p>Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with <a href="https://blubrry.com/services/podcast-hosting/?code=omniglot">Blubrry Podcast Hosting</a>, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code <strong>omniglot</strong>.</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3707" data-a2a-title="Celtic Pathways – Country Gardens"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3707&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Country%20Gardens" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/twitter?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3707&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Country%20Gardens" title="Twitter" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_pinterest" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/pinterest?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3707&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Country%20Gardens" title="Pinterest" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a></div></div> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=38" rel="category">Breton (Brezhoneg)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=122" rel="category">Celtic Pathways</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=188" rel="category">Cimbrian (Tzimbrisch)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=37" rel="category">Cornish (Kernewek)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=31" rel="category">Danish (dansk)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=23" rel="category">French (français)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=117" rel="category">Gaulish</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=24" rel="category">German (Deutsch)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=6" rel="category">Irish (Gaeilge)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=12" rel="category">Italian (italiano)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=4" rel="category">Language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=50" rel="category">Latin (Lingua Latina)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=36" rel="category">Manx (Gaelg)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=11" rel="category">Music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=1" rel="category">Podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=94" rel="category">Proto-Celtic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=59" rel="category">Proto-Indo-European</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=5" rel="category">Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=7" rel="category">Welsh (Cymraeg)</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=bro" rel="tag">bro</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=broch" rel="tag">broch</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=brugh" rel="tag">brugh</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=celtic" rel="tag">celtic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=etymology" rel="tag">etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=gaelic" rel="tag">gaelic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=language" rel="tag">language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=linguistics" rel="tag">linguistics</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=music" rel="tag">music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=omniglot" rel="tag">omniglot</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=pathways" rel="tag">pathways</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=podcast" rel="tag">podcast</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3707#respond">Leave a comment</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-3683" class="post-3683 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-albanian-shqip category-breton category-celtic-pathways category-cornish category-english category-etymology category-french category-gaulish category-german category-greek- category-irish category-language category-latin category-music category-podcast category-proto-celtic category-proto-indo-european category-sanskrit- category-scottish-gaelic category-spanish category-welsh tag-celtic tag-etymology tag-language tag-linguistics tag-music tag-oak tag-omniglot tag-podcast tag-tan tag-tannery tag-tannin tag-words"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3683" rel="bookmark">Celtic Pathways – Tan Oaks</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3683" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-23T13:51:25+00:00">23rd November 2024</time><time class="updated" datetime="2024-11-23T14:36:10+00:00">23rd November 2024</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AudioObject"><meta itemprop="name" content="Celtic Pathways &#8211; Tan Oaks" /><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2024-11-23T13:51:25+00:00" /><meta itemprop="encodingFormat" content="audio/mpeg" /><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT1M44S" /><meta itemprop="description" content="In this episode we discover the possible Celtic roots of words such as tan, tannin and Tannenbaum. The Proto-Celtic word *tannos means green oak, and comes from Proto-Indo-European *(s)dʰnwos/*(s)dʰonu (fir). Related words in the Celtic language..." /><meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/tanoaks.mp3" /><meta itemprop="contentSize" content="1.9" /><div class="powerpress_player" id="powerpress_player_6198"><audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-3683-6" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/tanoaks.mp3?_=6" /><a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/tanoaks.mp3">https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/tanoaks.mp3</a></audio></div></div><p class="powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3" style="margin-bottom: 1px !important;">Podcast: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/tanoaks.mp3" class="powerpress_link_pinw" target="_blank" title="Play in new window" onclick="return powerpress_pinw('https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?powerpress_pinw=3683-podcast');" rel="nofollow">Play in new window</a> | <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/tanoaks.mp3" class="powerpress_link_d" title="Download" rel="nofollow" download="tanoaks.mp3">Download</a></p><p>In this episode we discover the possible Celtic roots of words such as <strong>tan</strong>, <strong>tannin</strong> and <strong>Tannenbaum</strong>.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/treehouse1977/3978101840/in/photolist-74wP5L-8BjyYL-U5h1hU-qeY6Sr-qeY4Ui-qwjwZ9-24bjmU2-4wrr4-2oBmmJ6-J7pKYk-pxgvaP-2oMLYzF-2qdNpiC-2nD2Fh3-2pMiG9Q-25ivJZo-2qgj5X7-2qdG9hf-2pNUish-2oaao4D-2jJ38BR-2nSeimS-ovSnyy-2kJWsTG-2pN5Fx3-2kf4jwG-2kK1do9-2kJWtai-2izeouy-2iZtTAn-2mKaPC1-2kJWsX4-2pNTPJR-pzCcA4-2jz8f8m-2jz8f1Y-2izeozy-2BvRae-2jE6gGP-2ix3EpZ-qzkunt-bDEYrG-qeWpuX-4qiWna-8Qfjhc-2iujFii-2pgri8T-2jBTUvs-eQ4WN4-2jJ38xY" title="September"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/2566/3978101840_687f5419bf_z.jpg" width="640" height="509" alt="September"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p>The Proto-Celtic word <strong>*tannos</strong> means green oak, and comes from Proto-Indo-European <em>*(s)dʰnwos/*(s)dʰonu</em> (fir). </p> <p>Related words in the Celtic languages include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>tinne</strong> = the letter t in the Ogham alphabet (ᚈ) in Irish</li> <li><strong>tinne</strong> [tʲenə] = the letter t (ᚈ) in Ogham; gorse, whin, furze (archaic) in Scottish Gaelic</li> <li><strong>taneru</strong> = to tan (hide) in Welsh</li> <li><strong>glastanen gelyn</strong> = holm oak in Cornish</li> <li><strong>tann</strong> = sessile oaks in Breton</li> </ul> <p>For more about words for <strong>oak</strong> and related things, see the Celtiadur post: <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/2019/08/21/oaks/">Oak (trees)</a></p> <p>Words from the same Proto-Celtic roots, via Gaulish <em>*tannos</em> (oak) and Latin <em>tannum</em> (oak bark), include <strong>tan</strong> (pulped oak bark used in the tanning process of leather) in French, <strong>tano</strong> (stem, slip) in Galician, <strong>tanería</strong> (tannery) in Spanish, <strong>Tannenbaum</strong> (fir tree, Christmas tree) in German, <strong>θάμνος</strong> (thámnos – bush) in Greek, and <strong>tan</strong>, <strong>tannery</strong>, <strong>tannin</strong> (tannic acid) in English.</p> <p>Words from the same PIE roots include <strong>thanë</strong> (cranberry bush) in Albanian, and <strong>धनु</strong> (dhanu – bow, Sagittarius) in Sanskrit. [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/tannos">source</a>]. </p> <p>Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with <a href="https://blubrry.com/services/podcast-hosting/?code=omniglot">Blubrry Podcast Hosting</a>, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code <strong>omniglot</strong>.</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3683" data-a2a-title="Celtic Pathways – Tan Oaks"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3683&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Tan%20Oaks" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/twitter?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3683&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Tan%20Oaks" title="Twitter" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_pinterest" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/pinterest?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3683&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Tan%20Oaks" title="Pinterest" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a></div></div> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=126" rel="category">Albanian (shqip)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=38" rel="category">Breton (Brezhoneg)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=122" rel="category">Celtic Pathways</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=37" rel="category">Cornish (Kernewek)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=20" rel="category">English</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=56" rel="category">Etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=23" rel="category">French (français)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=117" rel="category">Gaulish</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=24" rel="category">German (Deutsch)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=61" rel="category">Greek (ελληνικά)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=6" rel="category">Irish (Gaeilge)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=4" rel="category">Language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=50" rel="category">Latin (Lingua Latina)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=11" rel="category">Music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=1" rel="category">Podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=94" rel="category">Proto-Celtic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=59" rel="category">Proto-Indo-European</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=65" rel="category">Sanskrit (संस्कृतम्)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=5" rel="category">Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=28" rel="category">Spanish (español)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=7" rel="category">Welsh (Cymraeg)</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=celtic" rel="tag">celtic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=etymology" rel="tag">etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=language" rel="tag">language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=linguistics" rel="tag">linguistics</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=music" rel="tag">music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=oak" rel="tag">oak</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=omniglot" rel="tag">omniglot</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=podcast" rel="tag">podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=tan" rel="tag">tan</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=tannery" rel="tag">tannery</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=tannin" rel="tag">tannin</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=words" rel="tag">words</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3683#respond">Leave a comment</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-3613" class="post-3613 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-ancient-greek- category-breton category-catalan-catala category-celtic-pathways category-cornish category-danish category-dutch category-english category-etymology category-finnish-suomi category-gaulish category-german category-irish category-language category-latin category-manx category-music category-podcast category-proto-celtic category-proto-indo-european category-scottish-gaelic category-swedish category-welsh tag-celtic tag-etymology tag-language tag-linguistics tag-music tag-omniglot tag-podcast tag-words"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3613" rel="bookmark">Celtic Pathways – Oaken Larches</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3613" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-26T14:32:02+00:00">26th October 2024</time><time class="updated" datetime="2024-10-26T14:33:14+00:00">26th October 2024</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AudioObject"><meta itemprop="name" content="Celtic Pathways &#8211; Oaken Larches" /><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2024-10-26T14:32:02+00:00" /><meta itemprop="encodingFormat" content="audio/mpeg" /><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT2M16S" /><meta itemprop="description" content="In this episode we discover the possible Celtic roots of words for larch (tree) in various non-Celtic languages. A larch [ˈlɑːtʃ/ˈlɑɹtʃ] is a confierous tree of the genus Larix having deciduous leaves in fascicles (bundles). The most common type o..." /><meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/oakenlarches.mp3" /><meta itemprop="contentSize" content="2.4" /><div class="powerpress_player" id="powerpress_player_6199"><audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-3613-7" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/oakenlarches.mp3?_=7" /><a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/oakenlarches.mp3">https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/oakenlarches.mp3</a></audio></div></div><p class="powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3" style="margin-bottom: 1px !important;">Podcast: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/oakenlarches.mp3" class="powerpress_link_pinw" target="_blank" title="Play in new window" onclick="return powerpress_pinw('https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?powerpress_pinw=3613-podcast');" rel="nofollow">Play in new window</a> | <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/oakenlarches.mp3" class="powerpress_link_d" title="Download" rel="nofollow" download="oakenlarches.mp3">Download</a></p><p>In this episode we discover the possible Celtic roots of words for <strong>larch</strong> (tree) in various non-Celtic languages.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/superdove/39870338794/in/photolist-23KcUEo-ztvVoC-db2dk8-2m73nzd-db2aTV-db2huJ-F9feA2-TcHPrj-dzE86X-7XUXMH-wkCZTk-zJZW6Y-eez89q-7XYdqb-r3r1e8-F7JWGg-zLMXrE-25Pm1bz-dzKCWW-6WK7Zy-yRFbHi-2i661mT-2jN1xo8-763k68-SbA7D8-SRz2J1-tAWSyh-Tryhk8-zu1QK3-2o1iJVp-AMSCed-7ShZPa-9D2G9D-HwfDiV-AjtmNw-tTx8H6-Hwf9mY-6WK7c1-FawhbW-njyE7c-7SmgQN-dzKBjY-dzE9CP-dzE8WM-9mbqQV-TgpinQ-24rgiH-7VLCRG-zMya6Z-e6rbT" title="Walk In A Larch Wood"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/4662/39870338794_0156c90dd3_z.jpg" width="640" height="427" alt="Walk In A Larch Wood"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p>A <strong>larch</strong> [ˈlɑːtʃ/ˈlɑɹtʃ] is a confierous tree of the genus <em>Larix</em> having deciduous leaves in fascicles (bundles). The most common type of larch tree in Europe is the <strong>European larch</strong> (<em>Larix decidua</em>), which is native to northern Italy. Other types of larch are availble.</p> <p>The English word <strong>larch</strong> comes from early modern German <em>Larche/Lärche</em>, from Middle High German <em>larche</em>, from Old High German <em>larihha</em>, from Latin <em>larix</em> (larch), from Ancient Greek <em>λάριξ</em> (lárix – larch, Venice turpentine*), possibly from Gaulish <em>*devro</em> (oak?) from Proto-Celtic <em>*daru</em> (oak), from PIE <em>*dóru</em> (tree) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/larch#English">source</a>].</p> <p><em><strong>*Venice turpentine</strong> = A thick substance made from the tree resin of the European larch (<em>Larix decidua</em>), formerly used as a component in the oil paintings to create glossy, translucent glazes [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Venice_turpentine#English">source</a>].</em></p> <p>Words in the modern Celtic languages from the same Proto-Celtic root include: <strong>dair</strong> [d̪ˠaɾʲ] (oak) in Irish, <strong>dair</strong> [darʲ] (oak) in Scottish Gaelic, <strong>darragh</strong> (oak) in Manx, <strong>dâr</strong> [ˈdaːr] (oak tree, leader, mighty lord) in Welsh, <strong>dar</strong> [daːr / dæːr] (oak) in Cornish, and <strong>dar</strong> [dɑːr] (oak) in Breton [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/daru">source</a>].</p> <p>Words from the same Proto-Celtic root in other languages include: <strong>làrix</strong> in Catalan, <strong>lariks</strong> in Dutch <strong>learag</strong> in Scottish Gaelic, <strong>larch</strong> in English, <strong>Lärche</strong> in German, and <strong>lærk</strong> in Danish, all of which mean <strong>larch</strong> (tree) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/larix#Latin">source</a>].</p> <p>Incidentally, the French word <strong>mélèze</strong> (larch) has doubly Celtic roots: it comes from Franco-Provençal (Dauphinois) <em>melèzo</em> (larch tree), from Vulgar Latin <em>*melice</em> (larch), from Gaulish <em>*mel-</em> (larch) and Latin <em>larix</em> (larch). The Gaulish word <em>*mel-</em> comes from Proto-Celtic <em>*meli</em> (honey) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/m%C3%A9l%C3%A8ze">source</a>]. </p> <p>Words from the same PIE root include <strong>δόρυ</strong> (dóry – spear) in Greek, <strong>terva</strong> (tar) in Finnish, <strong>dearbh</strong> (sure, certain) in Irish, <strong>tree</strong>, <strong>trim</strong>, and <strong>trough</strong> and <strong>true</strong> in English, and <strong>trä</strong> (wood) in Swedish [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/d%C3%B3ru">source</a>]. </p> <p>See the Celtiadur post <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/2019/08/21/oaks/">Oak (trees)</a> for more details of words for <strong>oak</strong> and related things in Celtic languages. I also write about words, etymology and other language-related topics on the <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/">Omniglot Blog</a>.</p> <p>Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with <a href="https://blubrry.com/services/podcast-hosting/?code=omniglot">Blubrry Podcast Hosting</a>, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code <strong>omniglot</strong>.</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3613" data-a2a-title="Celtic Pathways – Oaken Larches"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3613&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Oaken%20Larches" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" 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rel="category">Celtic Pathways</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=37" rel="category">Cornish (Kernewek)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=31" rel="category">Danish (dansk)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=47" rel="category">Dutch (Nederlands)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=20" rel="category">English</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=56" rel="category">Etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=125" rel="category">Finnish (suomi)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=117" rel="category">Gaulish</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=24" rel="category">German (Deutsch)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=6" rel="category">Irish (Gaeilge)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=4" rel="category">Language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=50" rel="category">Latin (Lingua Latina)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=36" rel="category">Manx (Gaelg)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=11" rel="category">Music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=1" rel="category">Podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=94" rel="category">Proto-Celtic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=59" rel="category">Proto-Indo-European</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=5" rel="category">Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=30" rel="category">Swedish (svenska)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=7" rel="category">Welsh (Cymraeg)</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=celtic" rel="tag">celtic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=etymology" rel="tag">etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=language" rel="tag">language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=linguistics" rel="tag">linguistics</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=music" rel="tag">music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=omniglot" rel="tag">omniglot</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=podcast" rel="tag">podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=words" rel="tag">words</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3613#comments">2 Comments</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-3547" class="post-3547 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-albanian-shqip category-breton category-celtic-pathways category-cornish category-czech category-danish category-dutch category-english category-etymology category-german category-irish category-language category-manx category-middle-english category-music category-old-english-aenglisc category-podcast category-proto-celtic category-proto-germanic category-proto-indo-european category-scottish-gaelic category-spanish category-swedish category-welsh"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3547" rel="bookmark">Celtic Pathways – Leather</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3547" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2024-09-14T16:49:52+00:00">14th September 2024</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AudioObject"><meta itemprop="name" content="Celtic Pathways &#8211; Leather" /><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2024-09-14T16:49:52+00:00" /><meta itemprop="encodingFormat" content="audio/mpeg" /><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT2M12S" /><meta itemprop="description" content=" The Irish word leathar and the Welsh word lledr both mean leather, and various other things. You might think that they were borrowed from English, but in fact the English word leather might ultimately come from a Proto-Celtic word, via Middle and O..." /><meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/leather.mp3" /><meta itemprop="contentSize" content="2.4" /><div class="powerpress_player" id="powerpress_player_6200"><audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-3547-8" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/leather.mp3?_=8" /><a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/leather.mp3">https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/leather.mp3</a></audio></div></div><p class="powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3" style="margin-bottom: 1px !important;">Podcast: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/leather.mp3" class="powerpress_link_pinw" target="_blank" title="Play in new window" onclick="return powerpress_pinw('https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?powerpress_pinw=3547-podcast');" rel="nofollow">Play in new window</a> | <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/leather.mp3" class="powerpress_link_d" title="Download" rel="nofollow" download="leather.mp3">Download</a></p><p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/26344495@N05/49482716781/in/photolist-9EhaSZ-2nRo2Jt-fysKT5-2Zih9j-2ncnkV1-8zynPE-2jHXay6-eghGKd-2hZUEKR-2nKtjTW-5zQHdK-2ioBRKk-e2imZK-2k2wZ3D-6bgL5M-QaEGra-e2CT14-fLuxJJ-2mKBw8u-v6bA6D-DGXXFU-9ciir6-CmscSD-egbXuF-2hffuWX-eaYdEf-2kYMffN-JQtjp7-nfNtKm-uNAJbJ-D7qg1n-e1LmBh-2144hsf-6xanNq-2hp8gt8-g2Uwvf-bpsKh8-2p9Q3Sv-2koeNCw-4RiRoq-6xanNh-2bCjKLM-2hgkJ5i-4ZcFZ4-2hfftdX-dieQmw-Zo7s-2j8TZ2R-zoX1a-2j8HgGn" title="Close-up of a leather sole on a shoe form"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/49482716781_f4e0ba9873_z.jpg" width="640" height="427" alt="Close-up of a leather sole on a shoe form"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p>The Irish word <strong>leathar</strong> and the Welsh word <strong>lledr</strong> both mean leather, and various other things. You might think that they were borrowed from English, but in fact the English word <strong>leather</strong> might ultimately come from a Proto-Celtic word, via Middle and Old English and Proto-Germanic [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/leather#English">source</a>]. </p> <p>The Proto-Celtic word for leather or hide was <strong>*(ɸ)letros</strong>, which comes from Proto-Indo-European <em>*péltrom</em>, from <em>*pel-</em> (to cover, to wrap, skin, hide, cloth) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/letros">source</a>]. </p> <p>Related words in the modern Celtic languages include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>leathar</strong> [ˈl̠ʲahəɾˠ] = skin, hide, leather in Irish</li> <li><strong>leathar</strong> [l̪ʲɛhər] = leather, leathery in Scottish Gaelic</li> <li><strong>l(h)iare</strong> = leather in Manx</li> <li><strong>lledr</strong> [ɬɛdr/ˈɬeːdɛr] = leather, parchment, vellum, skin, hide in Welsh</li> <li><strong>ledher</strong> = leather in Cornish</li> <li><strong>lêr</strong> [lɛːr] = leather in Breton</li> </ul> <p>The Proto-Germanic word <em>*leþrą</em> [ˈle.θrɑ̃] (leather), which was possibly was borrowed from Proto-Celtic, and from these roots we get words such as <strong>leather</strong> in English, <strong>leer</strong> (leather) in Dutch, <strong>Leder</strong> (leather, suede, hide) in German, <strong>læder</strong> (leather) in Danish, and <strong>läder</strong> (leather, suede) in Swedish [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/le%C3%BEr%C4%85">source</a>].</p> <p>Words from the same PIE root include <strong>pall</strong>, <strong>pelt</strong>, <strong>camouflage</strong> and <strong>film</strong> in English; <strong>plena</strong> (membrane) in Czech; <strong>piel</strong> (skin, fur) in Spanish, <strong>plah</strong> (to cover, veil) in Albanian, and <strong>pall</strong> (cloak, curtain, covering, tent) in Welsh [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pel-">source</a>].</p> <p>See the Celtiadur post <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/2024/09/10/leathery-hide/">Leathery Hide</a> for more details of words for leather and related things in Celtic languages.</p> <p>You can find more connections between Celtic languages on the <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/">Celtiadur blog</a>. I also write about words, etymology and other language-related topics on the <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/">Omniglot Blog</a>.</p> <p>Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with <a href="https://blubrry.com/services/podcast-hosting/?code=omniglot">Blubrry Podcast Hosting</a>, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code <strong>omniglot</strong>.</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3547" data-a2a-title="Celtic Pathways – Leather"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3547&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Leather" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/twitter?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3547&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Leather" title="Twitter" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_pinterest" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/pinterest?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3547&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Leather" title="Pinterest" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a></div></div> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=126" rel="category">Albanian (shqip)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=38" rel="category">Breton (Brezhoneg)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=122" rel="category">Celtic Pathways</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=37" rel="category">Cornish (Kernewek)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=33" rel="category">Czech (čeština)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=31" rel="category">Danish (dansk)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=47" rel="category">Dutch (Nederlands)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=20" rel="category">English</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=56" rel="category">Etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=24" rel="category">German (Deutsch)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=6" rel="category">Irish (Gaeilge)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=4" rel="category">Language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=36" rel="category">Manx (Gaelg)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=58" rel="category">Middle English (Englisch)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=11" rel="category">Music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=55" rel="category">Old English (Ænglisc)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=1" rel="category">Podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=94" rel="category">Proto-Celtic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=57" rel="category">Proto-Germanic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=59" rel="category">Proto-Indo-European</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=5" rel="category">Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=28" rel="category">Spanish (español)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=30" rel="category">Swedish (svenska)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=7" rel="category">Welsh (Cymraeg)</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3547#respond">Leave a comment</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-3510" class="post-3510 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-breton category-catalan-catala category-celtic-pathways category-cornish category-english category-etymology category-french category-irish category-italian category-language category-latin category-manx category-middle-english category-music category-old-english-aenglisc category-podcast category-portuguese category-proto-celtic category-proto-germanic category-proto-indo-european category-scottish-gaelic category-welsh"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3510" rel="bookmark">Celtic Pathways – Tin</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3510" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-08-17T16:45:40+00:00">17th August 2024</time><time class="updated" datetime="2024-08-17T17:37:46+00:00">17th August 2024</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AudioObject"><meta itemprop="name" content="Celtic Pathways &#8211; Tin" /><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2024-08-17T16:45:40+00:00" /><meta itemprop="encodingFormat" content="audio/mpeg" /><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT1M55S" /><meta itemprop="description" content="In this episode, we're looking into the Celtic roots of some Romance tins. The Proto-Celtic word *stagnos means tin and probably comes from the Proto-Indo-European *sth₂gʰ-nó-s (standing, firm), from *steh₂- (to stand) [source]. Related words in..." /><meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/tin.mp3" /><meta itemprop="contentSize" content="2.2" /><div class="powerpress_player" id="powerpress_player_6201"><audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-3510-9" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/tin.mp3?_=9" /><a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/tin.mp3">https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/tin.mp3</a></audio></div></div><p class="powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3" style="margin-bottom: 1px !important;">Podcast: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/tin.mp3" class="powerpress_link_pinw" target="_blank" title="Play in new window" onclick="return powerpress_pinw('https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?powerpress_pinw=3510-podcast');" rel="nofollow">Play in new window</a> | <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/tin.mp3" class="powerpress_link_d" title="Download" rel="nofollow" download="tin.mp3">Download</a></p><p>In this episode, we’re looking into the Celtic roots of some Romance tins.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/friedwater/8108747206/in/photolist-dmxs3j-2kZWUvJ-8ckD56-cjpTtG-2orY1Wj-2n1rPWg-2os1Tut-qmWL6F-2mZYULF-2ntENzm-2n64aq2-4AnkL5-2n16vGs-2n6aL4L-2k6fg82-2mZYUDG-2n15fna-2n64ajv-2ndxiWM-2n18ec5-2n64auk-2n64afT-2nhGgND-26vKKDG-2hXqLCo-2k6fS19-2kjnM9V-2k6ffQP-2n16vKJ-CDRnHz-2hXrNB7-2ndsbqf-2hXqLR4-2n69BKH-2n698Jv-2hXrNzi-2k6fRyn-2n16vvW-2k6ffCe-2hRY9Bz-2k6fRUN-2mZYURk-5ZZDeA-2k6ffYE-e6vm3p-2mvMSEf-2k6fRRS-2k6ffDb-2hkTLdd-9kHZCa" title="french tinned butter biscuits"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/8333/8108747206_43e4e086c9_z.jpg" width="640" height="480" alt="french tinned butter biscuits"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p>The Proto-Celtic word <strong>*stagnos</strong> means tin and probably comes from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*sth₂gʰ-nó-s</em> (standing, firm), from <em>*steh₂-</em> (to stand) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/stagnos">source</a>]. </p> <p>Related words in the modern Celtic languages include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>stán</strong> = tin, tin vessel in Irish</li> <li><strong>staoin</strong> [sdɯːn̪ʲ] = tin, pewter in Scottish Gaelic</li> <li><strong>stainney</strong> = tin, can, tin-plate in Manx</li> <li><strong>(y)staen</strong> [ˈ(ə)staɨ̯n] = tin, pewter in Welsh</li> <li><strong>sten</strong> [stɛːn / steːn] = tin in Cornish</li> <li><strong>staen</strong> [ˈstɛːn] = tin in Breton</li> </ul> <p>Words from the same Celtic roots, via Gaulish <strong>*stagnom</strong> (tin) and Latin <em>stannum</em> (tin, silver-lead alloy), include <strong>estany</strong> (tin) in Catalan, <strong>étain</strong> (tin) in French, <strong>stagno</strong> (tin) in Italian, and <strong> estanho</strong> (tin) in Portuguese [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Galician_words_of_Celtic_origin">source</a>].</p> <p>I forgot to mention in the recording that the symbol for the element tin is <strong>Sn</strong>, which comes from Latin <em>stannum</em>, and the English words such as <strong>stannary</strong> (of or pertaining to tin mining, especially in Cornwall), and <strong>stanniferous</strong> (containing or producing the metal tin) come from the same roots [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stanno-#English">source</a>].</p> <p>Words from the same PIE roots include <strong>cost</strong>, <strong>distant</strong>, <strong>estate</strong>, <strong>instant</strong>, <strong>obstinate</strong>, <strong>stand</strong>, <strong>stem</strong> and <strong>stool</strong> in English [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:English_terms_derived_from_the_Proto-Indo-European_root_*steh%E2%82%82-">source</a>], and words from <strong>heel</strong> in Celtic languages, such as <strong>sawdl</strong> in Welsh and <strong>sáil</strong> in Irish [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sawdl#Welsh">source</a>].</p> <p>Incidentally, the word <strong>tin</strong> comes from Middle English <em>tyn(ne)</em> (tin), from Old English <em>tin</em> (tin), from Proto-Germanic <em>*tiną</em> (tin), probably from a pre-Indo-European language [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tin#English">source</a>].</p> <p>More about words for <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/2022/06/02/tin/">Tin</a> and related tools in Celtic languages.</p> <p>You can find more connections between Celtic languages on the <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/">Celtiadur blog</a>. I also write about words, etymology and other language-related topics on the <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/">Omniglot Blog</a>.</p> <p>Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with <a href="https://blubrry.com/services/podcast-hosting/?code=omniglot">Blubrry Podcast Hosting</a>, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code <strong>omniglot</strong>.</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3510" data-a2a-title="Celtic Pathways – Tin"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3510&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Tin" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/twitter?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3510&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Tin" title="Twitter" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_pinterest" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/pinterest?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3510&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Tin" title="Pinterest" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a></div></div> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=38" rel="category">Breton (Brezhoneg)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=115" rel="category">Catalan (català)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=122" rel="category">Celtic Pathways</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=37" rel="category">Cornish (Kernewek)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=20" rel="category">English</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=56" rel="category">Etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=23" rel="category">French (français)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=6" rel="category">Irish (Gaeilge)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=12" rel="category">Italian (italiano)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=4" rel="category">Language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=50" rel="category">Latin (Lingua Latina)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=36" rel="category">Manx (Gaelg)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=58" rel="category">Middle English (Englisch)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=11" rel="category">Music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=55" rel="category">Old English (Ænglisc)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=1" rel="category">Podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=27" rel="category">Portuguese (português)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=94" rel="category">Proto-Celtic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=57" rel="category">Proto-Germanic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=59" rel="category">Proto-Indo-European</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=5" rel="category">Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=7" rel="category">Welsh (Cymraeg)</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3510#respond">Leave a comment</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-3489" class="post-3489 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-breton category-catalan-catala category-celtic-pathways category-cornish category-czech category-english category-etymology category-french category-galician-galego category-gaulish category-german category-irish category-italian category-language category-latin category-manx category-middle-english category-music category-old-english-aenglisc category-podcast category-proto-celtic category-proto-indo-european category-scottish-gaelic category-spanish category-welsh"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3489" rel="bookmark">Celtic Pathways – Boring Tools</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3489" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-08-03T13:33:51+00:00">3rd August 2024</time><time class="updated" datetime="2024-08-03T14:41:50+00:00">3rd August 2024</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AudioObject"><meta itemprop="name" content="Celtic Pathways &#8211; Boring Tools" /><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2024-08-03T13:33:51+00:00" /><meta itemprop="encodingFormat" content="audio/mpeg" /><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT2M45S" /><meta itemprop="description" content="In this episode we're drilling down to find the possibly Celtic roots of words for drill, auger and related tools in some Romance languages. The Proto-Celtic word *taratrom means auger and comes from the Proto-Indo-European *térh₁trom (tool for dr..." /><meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/boringtools.mp3" /><meta itemprop="contentSize" content="3.0" /><div class="powerpress_player" id="powerpress_player_6202"><audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-3489-10" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/boringtools.mp3?_=10" /><a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/boringtools.mp3">https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/boringtools.mp3</a></audio></div></div><p class="powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3" style="margin-bottom: 1px !important;">Podcast: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/boringtools.mp3" class="powerpress_link_pinw" target="_blank" title="Play in new window" onclick="return powerpress_pinw('https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?powerpress_pinw=3489-podcast');" rel="nofollow">Play in new window</a> | <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/boringtools.mp3" class="powerpress_link_d" title="Download" rel="nofollow" download="boringtools.mp3">Download</a></p><p>In this episode we’re drilling down to find the possibly Celtic roots of words for <strong>drill</strong>, <strong>auger</strong> and related tools in some Romance languages.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/aucklandmuseum_collections/51360395283/in/photolist-vWM3Br-vWCKwE-wbWpNQ-vhem6S-9ecfTU-5rPZrq-ocwdmb-2mfxs9B-5rKzua-pHqdQA-otP43q-2peo3fC-ocwmck-vDd9pZ-ocwtjA-ocwmGD-ou24in-ou21Ri-ocwfdh-ocxubn-orZbxE-ocwoGR-orZa47-ocww5q-ocxrPZ-ocweCu-ou22cP-8KReon-8KUigA-8KRezg-8KRdQZ-8KUhJj-8KRe1K-8KRgs2-weGJQx-weGwCM-3aEyCZ-2iBmtR-2iANbT-2iBmiH-57ZsJH-8KUjdJ-Dm9eQ-8KUkmE-2iFKjj-8KReX8-8KRfRV-8KUiEA-2iFK9L-584HrG" title="Auger, shipwright's (x8)"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/51360395283_41aa3ac6a4_z.jpg" width="640" height="427" alt="Auger, shipwright's (x8)"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p>The Proto-Celtic word <strong>*taratrom</strong> means auger and comes from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*térh₁trom</em> (tool for drilling), from <em> *terh₁-</em> (to rub, turn, drill, pierce) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/taratrom">source</a>]. </p> <p>Related words in the modern Celtic languages include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>tarathar</strong> = auger in Irish</li> <li><strong>tora</strong> [tɔrə] = auger, gimble, gimlet in Scottish Gaelic</li> <li><strong>tarrar</strong> = drill in Manx</li> <li><strong>taradr</strong> [ˈtaradr] = auger, drill, borer, awl, gimlet in Welsh</li> <li><strong>tarder</strong> = drill in Cornish</li> <li><strong>tarar</strong> [ˈtɑː.rar] = augur, chignole (<em>a hand drill</em>), shipworm (<em>mollusk</em>) in Breton</li> </ul> <p>Words that possibly come from the same Celtic roots, via Gaulish <strong>taratron</strong> (auger) and Late Latin <em>taratrum</em>, include <strong>taradre</strong> (to bore) in Catalan, <strong>trade</strong> (auger) in Galician, <strong>taladro</strong> (drill) in Spanish and <strong>tarière</strong> (auger) in French [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Galician_words_of_Celtic_origin">source</a>].</p> <p>Words from the same PIE roots include <strong>thread</strong>, <strong>thresh</strong>, <strong>trout</strong> and <strong>throw</strong> in English, <strong>settentrione </strong> (north) in Italian, <strong>třít</strong> (to rub) in Czech, and <strong>drehen</strong> (to turn) in German [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/terh%E2%82%81-">source</a>].</p> <p>Incidentally, an <strong>auger</strong> is a carpenter’s tool for boring holes longer than those bored by a gimlet (a small screw-tipped tool for boring holes); a plumber’s snake (a plumbing tool for removing obstructions from pipes); a tool used to bore holes in the ground, or a hollow drill used to take core samples of soil, ice, etc. for scientific study [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/auger#English">source</a>].</p> <p>In Middle English it was <em>a nauger</em> [ə ˈnau̯ɡər], which was rebracketed as <strong>an auger</strong> in modern English. It comes from Old English <em>nafugār</em> (nave drill, lit. “nave spear”) – <strong>nave</strong> refers to the hub of a wheel and not the body of a church, and is related to <strong>navel</strong> [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/auger#English">source</a>].</p> <p>The <em>gār</em> part of <em>nafugār</em> means spear, arrow or dart, and is possibly the root of the <strong>ger</strong> part of my surname <strong>Ager</strong> [<a href="https://www.surnamedb.com/Surname/Ager">source</a>].</p> <p><strong>Auger</strong> should not be confused with <strong>augur</strong>, which refers to a diviner who foretells events by observing the behaviour of birds or other animals, or by signs derived from celestial phenomena, or unusual occurrences. In ancient Rome, an <strong>augur</strong> was an official who interpreted omens before the start of public events [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/augur#English">source</a>]. </p> <p>More about words for <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/2024/08/02/drills-augers/">Drills & Augers</a> and related tools in Celtic languages.</p> <p>The theme tune for this episode is one I wrote in 2017 called <strong>The Clockwork Octopus / Yr Wythdroed Clocwaith</strong>. You can hear a longer version here:</p> <p><iframe loading="lazy" width="100%" height="166" scrolling="no" frameborder="no" allow="autoplay" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/325504918&color=%23ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&show_teaser=true"></iframe></p> <div style="font-size: 10px; color: #cccccc;line-break: anywhere;word-break: normal;overflow: hidden;white-space: nowrap;text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Interstate,Lucida Grande,Lucida Sans Unicode,Lucida Sans,Garuda,Verdana,Tahoma,sans-serif;font-weight: 100;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/simon-ager" title="Simon Ager" target="_blank" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" rel="noopener">Simon Ager</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/simon-ager/the-clockwork-octopus" title="The Clockwork Octopus / Yr Wythdroed Clocwaith" target="_blank" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" rel="noopener">The Clockwork Octopus / Yr Wythdroed Clocwaith</a></div> <p>You can find more connections between Celtic languages on the <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/">Celtiadur blog</a>. I also write about words, etymology and other language-related topics on the <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/">Omniglot Blog</a>.</p> <p>Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with <a href="https://blubrry.com/services/podcast-hosting/?code=omniglot">Blubrry Podcast Hosting</a>, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code <strong>omniglot</strong>.</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3489" data-a2a-title="Celtic Pathways – Boring Tools"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3489&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Boring%20Tools" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" 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