Colombia | Country Page | World | Human Rights Watch

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <script>window['sa_metadata'] = {"title":"Colombia","langcode":"en","taxonomy_term_id":"9513","entity_type":"taxonomy_term","taxonomy_term_type":"region_country"};</script> <script async defer src="/libraries/custom/simpleanalytics.js"></script> <script src="/modules/custom/hrw_consent/js/hrwconsent.js?v=1.7"></script> <script> HrwConsent = new HrwConsent; HrwConsentSettings.domain = 'hrw.org'; HrwConsentSettings.expires = 365; </script> <script>var _mtm = window._mtm = window._mtm || [];_mtm.push({"mtm.startTime": (new Date().getTime()), "event": "mtm.Start"});var d = document, g = d.createElement("script"), s = d.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];g.type = "text/javascript";g.async = true;g.src="https://open-analytics.hrw.org/js/container_MOFt5fSb.js";s.parentNode.insertBefore(g, s);</script> <meta name="description" content="The decades-long armed conflict between the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and the government officially ended with a peace accord in 2016, but the National Liberation Army (ELN) guerrillas, groups that emerged from the FARC and successor groups to paramilitaries that emerged after an official demobilization process over a decade ago continue to commit serious abuses. Rights defenders, Indigenous and Afro-Colombian leaders, and other community activists face constant threats and violence. Violence associated with the armed conflict has forcibly displaced millions and impunity for grave abuses remains a serious concern. Police used excessive and often brutal force in response to mostly peaceful demonstrations occurring between 2019 and 2021. High levels of poverty, especially among Indigenous and Afro-descendant communities, remains a serious human rights concern." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.hrw.org/americas/colombia" /> <meta name="google" content="H_DzcJuJMJKVAO6atlPsK4HHr2WienspT6e74P5fVFY" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <script type="application/ld+json">{ "@context": "https://schema.org", "@graph": [ { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https://www.hrw.org/americas/colombia", "speakable": { "@type": "SpeakableSpecification", "xpath": [ "/html/head/title", "/html/head/meta[@name=\u0027description\u0027]" ] } } ] }</script> <link rel="icon" href="/sites/default/files/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <script src="/sites/default/files/google_tag/hrw_tag_manager/google_tag.script.js?ss1bbc" defer></script> <link rel="preload" as="font" href="/themes/custom/hrw_design/dist/app-drupal/assets/fonts/main/Fonts/38b5004a-00f0-4ad8-a6f6-4c8fe48b074b.woff2" type="font/woff2" crossorigin /> <link rel="preload" as="font" href="/themes/custom/hrw_design/dist/app-drupal/assets/fonts/main/Fonts/32a02776-64bf-464c-9c4f-4f57df3d72d6.woff2" type="font/woff2" crossorigin /> <link rel="preload" as="font" href="/themes/custom/hrw_design/dist/app-drupal/assets/fonts/main/Fonts/b273cf7b-f375-4188-9216-9101312446b2.woff2" type="font/woff2" crossorigin /> <title>Colombia | Country Page | World | Human Rights Watch</title> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_aROVNuSm8gj8GqprdfEmcql9_9LRYOBPfnp4wGLiXNI.css?delta=0&language=en&theme=hrw_design&include=eJyVj-EOgyAMhF8I5ZEIyg2bQTEU5vb2Y27J9Jf6p-ldv17TMWXoMcU5MbhIP-XF_GXXDbWUxGo8wALx3VxhEefJCskhHdNAAWaCdchn6QiuV1hTMnBiwdlwSLUodsRe4Vk-r2qX62xD_5Nqz2sf0tBSvy5L8_SmX30HIc_6c3irb4mLCTSikSZa4nUo1XtIocR6L5W8pCDqwQrUg7CIXmvf3qoBb-iizhE" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_ur9FJckJq86RjeigkgbYw09qFkP5n5zG7JE7SQ8yQx4.css?delta=1&language=en&theme=hrw_design&include=eJyVj-EOgyAMhF8I5ZEIyg2bQTEU5vb2Y27J9Jf6p-ldv17TMWXoMcU5MbhIP-XF_GXXDbWUxGo8wALx3VxhEefJCskhHdNAAWaCdchn6QiuV1hTMnBiwdlwSLUodsRe4Vk-r2qX62xD_5Nqz2sf0tBSvy5L8_SmX30HIc_6c3irb4mLCTSikSZa4nUo1XtIocR6L5W8pCDqwQrUg7CIXmvf3qoBb-iizhE" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="//fast.fonts.net/t/1.css?apiType=css&projectid=b0af8052-798a-4f60-9b66-62993aa79ad2" async defer /> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_tS_eBIoUabe6Zmx6cEF7atTdjtzp9S8D3Gieam-qGpw.js?scope=header&delta=0&language=en&theme=hrw_design&include=eJyVjVsSwjAIRTeUliVlaMIkmRLo5KF299qq4-un_nHgXK7TQuA0LyokrY6xnO0LhyHrlJhsJPRUjDtmZ5L-j2tbIToQ8MjGY0PGlQpMFPGUtFRDl8ZJZvClL8jjA832YGJ1c7Wu16YZfja746mmILD171x7CFRbUoFP_L4ySugY7ql2q1XhFZ7Dm3kFSPiOyA"></script> </head> <body class="ltr"> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-W5D7ZP" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <div class="page"> <header> <a href="#hrw-cookie-dialog" id="hrw-cookie-popup-skip-link" class="visually-hidden focusable" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Skip to cookie privacy notice </a> <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable"> Skip to main content </a> <div class="region--header"> <div class="header-bar hidden xl:flex w-full justify-center relative z-30"> <span class="bg-gray-900 absolute h-16 w-full z-n10"></span> <div class="header-bar__container flex w-lg mt-4"> <div class="header-bar__logo block absolute z-10 w-14 h-14 xl:w-24 xl:h-24 xl:relative flex-shrink-0"> <a href="/"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="62" height="62" viewBox="0 0 62 62" fill="none"> <g clip-path="url(#clip0_1358_62)"> <mask id="mask0_1358_62" style="mask-type:luminance" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="0" y="0" width="62" height="62"> <path d="M62 0H0V62H62V0Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#mask0_1358_62)"> <path d="M62 0H0V62H62V0Z" fill="#0072CE"/> <path d="M13.2008 18.3186H14.6278V20.5341H15.6424V15.5703H14.6278V17.4974H13.2008V15.5703H12.2081V20.5341H13.2008V18.3186Z" fill="white"/> <path d="M23.9124 19.691C23.9854 19.4757 23.9927 19.3844 23.9927 18.9136V15.5703H22.9781V18.7494C22.9781 19.0121 22.9781 19.0851 22.9635 19.191C22.9197 19.5559 22.6423 19.7713 22.2044 19.7713C21.8759 19.7713 21.6386 19.6509 21.5255 19.4282C21.4671 19.3187 21.4416 19.1435 21.4416 18.8333V15.5703H20.4197V19.0267C20.4197 19.5049 20.4708 19.7056 20.635 19.9611C20.9124 20.3954 21.4708 20.6254 22.2263 20.6254C23.2956 20.6254 23.7846 20.0815 23.9124 19.691Z" fill="white"/> <path d="M30.7336 20.5341H31.584L32.3687 17.8186C32.4525 17.5193 32.4964 17.3405 32.5547 17.0558C32.5547 17.3186 32.5693 17.5704 32.5912 17.8843L32.7774 20.5341H33.7555L33.3138 15.5703H32.0438L31.3722 18.034C31.2919 18.326 31.2373 18.5851 31.1934 18.8406C31.1495 18.5851 31.1168 18.4136 31.0218 18.0559L30.3723 15.5703H29.0949L28.6313 20.5341H29.6241L29.7957 17.9391C29.8175 17.6325 29.8322 17.3405 29.8322 17.0448C29.8833 17.3295 29.9671 17.6799 30.0328 17.9245L30.7408 20.5305L30.7336 20.5341Z" fill="white"/> <path d="M39.7445 17.6069C39.8357 17.2346 39.9781 16.6506 39.9781 16.6506C39.9781 16.6506 40.1279 17.3003 40.179 17.5302C40.2846 18.0084 40.449 18.5303 40.449 18.5303H39.4781C39.584 18.2018 39.6497 17.9646 39.7445 17.6106M39.2373 19.3625H40.6936L41.0437 20.5414H42.1168L40.5512 15.563H39.4744L37.8468 20.5414H38.8906L39.241 19.3625H39.2373Z" fill="white"/> <path d="M47.2847 18.4136C47.2775 17.9975 47.27 17.4135 47.2336 17.0047C47.3249 17.3113 47.6277 18.0121 47.9052 18.6325L48.7556 20.5341H49.7994V15.5703H48.8503L48.8724 17.5996C48.8796 17.9427 48.916 18.5778 48.949 18.9647C48.8503 18.607 48.6569 18.0851 48.4051 17.5595L47.4563 15.574H46.3505V20.5378H47.3139L47.2847 18.4172V18.4136Z" fill="white"/> <path d="M14.2701 30.6294C14.1351 30.7499 13.949 30.7938 13.5219 30.7938H13.1862V29.4507H13.5438C13.7884 29.4507 13.9928 29.4797 14.1059 29.5236C14.3431 29.6111 14.4636 29.8229 14.4636 30.1294C14.4636 30.3375 14.3906 30.5163 14.2701 30.6294ZM15.511 30.1076C15.511 29.2352 14.9307 28.6514 14.0548 28.6514H12.2044V33.6151H13.1825V31.5421C13.2482 31.5492 13.2884 31.5639 13.3395 31.5857C13.5183 31.6661 13.6679 31.9069 14.1606 32.8012C14.3541 33.1516 14.4307 33.2865 14.6241 33.6151H15.803C15.803 33.6151 14.8942 32.042 14.6095 31.6842C14.5439 31.6003 14.5037 31.5564 14.4015 31.4763C15.0147 31.4617 15.5074 30.8484 15.5074 30.1039" fill="white"/> <path d="M20.5693 28.6514H19.5255V33.6151H20.5693V28.6514Z" fill="white"/> <path d="M26.5839 31.6735H27.3395V32.8014C27.1751 32.8889 26.9963 32.9219 26.7738 32.9219C26.4527 32.9219 26.1826 32.8232 25.9964 32.6444C25.7481 32.3961 25.6241 31.9363 25.6241 31.2283C25.6241 30.4873 25.7082 29.9509 26.0437 29.6297C26.2153 29.4653 26.4636 29.3815 26.7592 29.3815C27.1386 29.3815 27.4744 29.502 27.7956 29.7683L28.3248 29.1478C27.8906 28.7681 27.3467 28.5747 26.7483 28.5747C26.2773 28.5747 25.9051 28.6806 25.5403 28.9251C24.8469 29.3886 24.5037 30.1334 24.5037 31.1807C24.5037 31.9254 24.6679 32.4509 25.0329 32.9182C25.4344 33.4328 25.9817 33.6736 26.7262 33.6736C27.3103 33.6736 27.8688 33.5312 28.3759 33.2321V30.8595H26.4561L26.5839 31.6735Z" fill="white"/> <path d="M34.8723 30.582H33.4453V28.6514H32.4525V33.6151H33.4453V31.4032H34.8723V33.6151H35.8869V28.6514H34.8723V30.582Z" fill="white"/> <path d="M39.6096 29.4797H40.821V33.6151H41.8359V29.4797H43.0218L43.1862 28.6514H39.6096V29.4797Z" fill="white"/> <path d="M50.0767 32.0528C50.0767 31.3155 49.635 30.7972 48.8213 30.5745L48.2226 30.4103C47.8102 30.2972 47.6753 30.1695 47.6753 29.9104C47.6753 29.5746 47.96 29.3372 48.3687 29.3372C48.7409 29.3372 49.0767 29.4431 49.5256 29.7169L49.9963 29.0014C49.5621 28.6877 48.9453 28.5015 48.3394 28.5015C47.2884 28.5015 46.562 29.1294 46.562 30.0381C46.562 30.3156 46.6352 30.5745 46.7701 30.7972C46.9489 31.0965 47.2554 31.29 47.7482 31.4251L48.2992 31.5747C48.7409 31.6952 48.949 31.8958 48.949 32.217C48.949 32.6587 48.6497 32.896 48.0765 32.896C47.5766 32.896 47.1788 32.739 46.7118 32.4945L46.3395 33.2717C46.8395 33.5564 47.4672 33.7209 48.0329 33.7209C49.2702 33.7209 50.0838 33.0565 50.0838 32.0491" fill="white"/> <path d="M16.1934 43.6195C16.0876 44.1048 15.938 45.1122 15.9234 45.2692C15.9234 45.2692 15.8029 44.4188 15.708 43.9552L15.2518 41.7324H14.1606L13.719 43.7397C13.5693 44.4259 13.4818 45.134 13.4635 45.3274C13.4635 45.3274 13.3978 44.6194 13.2007 43.6924L12.7737 41.7359H11.7153L12.9015 46.7435H14.0365L14.4489 44.7069C14.5985 43.9771 14.6861 43.2799 14.6861 43.2799C14.7007 43.4149 14.7774 44.0574 14.9197 44.7216L15.3613 46.7435H16.4526L17.6533 41.7359H16.6022L16.1934 43.6229V43.6195Z" fill="white"/> <path d="M23.4271 44.6925C23.5329 44.3641 23.5986 44.1268 23.6935 43.7729C23.7847 43.4004 23.9307 42.8166 23.9307 42.8166C23.9307 42.8166 24.0804 43.4661 24.1314 43.6963C24.2373 44.1742 24.4015 44.6962 24.4015 44.6962H23.4307L23.4271 44.6925ZM23.4198 41.7217L21.792 46.7H22.8358L23.1862 45.521H24.6424L24.9927 46.7H26.0621L24.5001 41.7217H23.4234H23.4198Z" fill="white"/> <path d="M29.916 42.561H31.1314V46.6999H32.146V42.561H33.3322L33.4964 41.7324H29.916V42.561Z" fill="white"/> <path d="M40.1351 46.0139C39.708 46.0139 39.3794 45.8204 39.1788 45.4554C39.0293 45.1853 38.9707 44.8059 38.9707 44.1269C38.9707 43.5465 39.0583 43.1341 39.2482 42.8494C39.4271 42.5868 39.7554 42.4189 40.0912 42.4189C40.3685 42.4189 40.6351 42.5099 40.8831 42.6961L41.3322 42.0174C41.0621 41.78 40.5693 41.623 40.0766 41.623C39.2773 41.623 38.562 42.0538 38.1789 42.7728C37.9524 43.2036 37.8431 43.6926 37.8431 44.3166C37.8431 45.0467 38.0437 45.6454 38.4415 46.0942C38.8467 46.5578 39.376 46.7805 40.0619 46.7805C40.6276 46.7805 41.0475 46.6381 41.4416 46.3167L40.9852 45.689C40.6933 45.9263 40.427 46.0102 40.1351 46.0102" fill="white"/> <path d="M48.7774 43.6631H47.3504V41.7324H46.3576V46.6999H47.3504V44.4842H48.7774V46.6999H49.7919V41.7324H48.7774V43.6631Z" fill="white"/> </g> </g> <defs> <clipPath id="clip0_1358_62"> <rect width="62" height="62" fill="white"/> </clipPath> </defs> </svg> </a> </div> <div class="header-bar__content flex flex-col w-full"> <div class="header-bar__content-inner flex justify-end w-full xl:justify-between xl:pl-6 bg-gray-900 text-white"> <div class="header-bar__language hidden xl:inline-flex items-center"> <nav aria-label="Languages" class="translations-bar items-baseline inline-flex flex-wrap "> <ul class="translations-bar__languages-list inline-flex flex-wrap "> <li class="translations-bar__language"> <a href="/ar/americas/kwlwmbya" title="Arabic" class="language-link font-sans text-xs lg:text-sm px-1 x2l:px-2 hover-focus:underline text-gray-400 hover-focus:text-white" xml:lang="ar" lang="ar"> العربية </a> </li> <li class="translations-bar__language"> <a href="/zh-hans/americas/colombia" title="Chinese Simplified" class="language-link font-sans text-xs lg:text-sm px-1 x2l:px-2 hover-focus:underline text-gray-400 hover-focus:text-white" xml:lang="zh-hans" lang="zh-hans"> 简中 </a> </li> <li class="translations-bar__language"> <a href="/zh-hant/americas/colombia" title="Chinese Traditional" class="language-link font-sans text-xs lg:text-sm px-1 x2l:px-2 hover-focus:underline text-gray-400 hover-focus:text-white" xml:lang="zh-hant" lang="zh-hant"> 繁中 </a> </li> <li class="translations-bar__language"> <span class=" font-sans text-xs lg:text-sm px-1 x2l:px-2 active underline text-gray-400" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> English </span> </li> <li class="translations-bar__language"> <a href="/fr/ameriques/colombie" title="French" class="language-link font-sans text-xs lg:text-sm px-1 x2l:px-2 hover-focus:underline text-gray-400 hover-focus:text-white" xml:lang="fr" lang="fr"> Français </a> </li> <li class="translations-bar__language"> <a href="/de/nord-und-suedamerika/kolumbien" title="German" class="language-link font-sans text-xs lg:text-sm px-1 x2l:px-2 hover-focus:underline text-gray-400 hover-focus:text-white" xml:lang="de" lang="de"> Deutsch </a> </li> <li class="translations-bar__language"> <a href="/ja/americas/colombia" title="Japanese" class="language-link font-sans text-xs lg:text-sm px-1 x2l:px-2 hover-focus:underline text-gray-400 hover-focus:text-white" xml:lang="ja" lang="ja"> 日本語 </a> </li> <li class="translations-bar__language"> <a href="/pt/americas/colombia" title="Portugese" class="language-link font-sans text-xs lg:text-sm px-1 x2l:px-2 hover-focus:underline text-gray-400 hover-focus:text-white" xml:lang="pt" lang="pt"> Português </a> </li> <li class="translations-bar__language"> <a href="/ru/americas/colombia" title="Russian" class="language-link font-sans text-xs lg:text-sm px-1 x2l:px-2 hover-focus:underline text-gray-400 hover-focus:text-white" xml:lang="ru" lang="ru"> Русский </a> </li> <li class="translations-bar__language"> <a href="/es/americas/colombia" title="Spanish" class="language-link font-sans text-xs lg:text-sm px-1 x2l:px-2 hover-focus:underline text-gray-400 hover-focus:text-white" xml:lang="es" lang="es"> Español </a> </li> <li class="translations-bar__language"> <a href="/languages?language=en" title="More" class="language-link font-sans text-xs lg:text-sm px-1 x2l:px-2 hover-focus:underline text-gray-400 hover-focus:text-white"> More <span class='sr-only'>languages</span> <div class="icon fill-current w-4 inline-block"> <svg viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor" role="img" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/hrw_design/dist/app-drupal/assets/spritemap.svg?cacheBuster=240611#sprite-plus"></use> </svg> </div> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="header-bar__utilities flex flex-col-reverse w-full xl:w-auto xl:flex-row xl:items-center"> <div class="header-bar__search hidden xl:p-0 xl:mr-2 xl:flex"> <div class="search-input"> <form class="search-form" action="/sitesearch" method="get" id="search_form_732182738" accept-charset="UTF-8"> <div class="flex"> <div class="form-item form-type-textfield inline-block flex-grow"> <label class="sr-only text-white" for="apachesolr_panels_search_form_1166183287">Search</label> <input title="Enter the terms you wish to search for." type="text" id="apachesolr_panels_search_form_1166183287" name="search" value="" size="15" maxlength="128" class="form-text relative bg-gray-700 text-white h-8 py-1 px-2 text-sm font-light w-full"> </div> <button type="submit" value="Search" title="Search" class="form-submit inline-flex justify-center h-8 w-8 bg-gray-900 hover-focus:bg-black text-white xl:bg-gray-800"> <div class="icon fill-current self-center w-4 inline-block"> <svg viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor" role="img" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/hrw_design/dist/app-drupal/assets/spritemap.svg?cacheBuster=240611#sprite-search"></use> </svg> </div> </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="header-bar__cta flex justify-end xl:block"> <a class="uppercase btn btn-secondary btn-lg h-12 font-bold w-full" href=https://donate.hrw.org/page/107245/donate/1?ea.tracking.id=EP2022EVpgdonate&promo_id=1000> <span class="btn-text ">Donate Now</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="header-bar__nav flex mobile-hide-position flex-col max-h-0 overflow-hidden transition justify-start xl:flex-row xl:overflow-visible xl:max-h-full"> <div class="header-bar__nav-wrapper w-full xl:pt-1 xl:pl-5"> <noscript> <header class="w-full"> <div class="nav-desktop"> <div class="nav-desktop__content flex w-full justify-start"> <ul role="tablist" class="nav-desktop__primary flex flex-row flex-wrap flex-grow mb-4 relative list-none p-0 border-b border-gray-200"> <li itemid="" role="tab" class="nav-desktop__menu-item items-baseline p-0 relative separator-bar-absolute"> <div class="menu-item__item-content py-2 xl:p-1 x2l:px-3 x3l:px-5 bg-white text-blue-700 text-xl font-light relative hover:text-white hover-focus:bg-blue-700"> <a href="/countries">Countries</a> </div> </li> <li itemid="" role="tab" class="nav-desktop__menu-item items-baseline p-0 relative separator-bar-absolute"> <div class="menu-item__item-content py-2 xl:p-1 x2l:px-3 x3l:px-5 bg-white text-blue-700 text-xl font-light relative hover:text-white hover-focus:bg-blue-700"> <a href="/topic/womens-rights">Topics</a> </div> </li> <li itemid="" role="tab" class="nav-desktop__menu-item items-baseline p-0 relative separator-bar-absolute"> <div class="menu-item__item-content py-2 xl:p-1 x2l:px-3 x3l:px-5 bg-white text-blue-700 text-xl font-light relative hover:text-white hover-focus:bg-blue-700"> <a href="/publications">Reports</a> </div> </li> <li itemid="" role="tab" class="nav-desktop__menu-item items-baseline p-0 relative separator-bar-absolute"> <div class="menu-item__item-content py-2 xl:p-1 x2l:px-3 x3l:px-5 bg-white text-blue-700 text-xl font-light relative hover:text-white hover-focus:bg-blue-700"> <a href="/video-photos">Videos & Photos</a> </div> </li> <li itemid="" role="tab" class="nav-desktop__menu-item items-baseline p-0 relative separator-bar-absolute"> <div class="menu-item__item-content py-2 xl:p-1 x2l:px-3 x3l:px-5 bg-white text-blue-700 text-xl font-light relative hover:text-white hover-focus:bg-blue-700"> <a href="/impact">Impact</a> </div> </li> <li itemid="" role="tab" class="nav-desktop__menu-item items-baseline p-0 relative separator-bar-absolute"> <div class="menu-item__item-content py-2 xl:p-1 x2l:px-3 x3l:px-5 bg-white text-blue-700 text-xl font-light relative hover:text-white hover-focus:bg-blue-700"> <a href="/join-us/take-action">Take Action</a> </div> </li> <li itemid="" role="tab" class="nav-desktop__menu-item items-baseline p-0 relative separator-bar-absolute"> <div class="menu-item__item-content py-2 xl:p-1 x2l:px-3 x3l:px-5 bg-white text-blue-700 text-xl font-light relative hover:text-white hover-focus:bg-blue-700"> <a href="/about/about-us">About</a> </div> </li> <li itemid="" role="tab" class="nav-desktop__menu-item items-baseline p-0 relative separator-bar-absolute"> <div class="menu-item__item-content py-2 xl:p-1 x2l:px-3 x3l:px-5 bg-white text-blue-700 text-xl font-light relative hover:text-white hover-focus:bg-blue-700"> <a href="/join-us/human-rights-watch-council">Join Us</a> </div> </li> <li itemid="" role="tab" class="nav-desktop__menu-item items-baseline p-0 relative separator-bar-absolute"> <div class="menu-item__item-content py-2 xl:p-1 x2l:px-3 x3l:px-5 bg-white text-blue-700 text-xl font-light relative hover:text-white hover-focus:bg-blue-700"> <a href="https://donate.hrw.org/page/16059/donate/1?promo_id=1004">Give Now</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </header> </noscript> <div id="vue-header"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mobile_header" id="hrw_components__mobile_header"> <div class="mobile_header__wrapper"> <div class="mobile_header__logo"> <a href="/"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="62" height="62" viewBox="0 0 62 62" fill="none"> <g clip-path="url(#clip0_1358_62)"> <mask id="mask0_1358_62" style="mask-type:luminance" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="0" y="0" width="62" height="62"> <path d="M62 0H0V62H62V0Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#mask0_1358_62)"> <path d="M62 0H0V62H62V0Z" fill="#0072CE"/> <path d="M13.2008 18.3186H14.6278V20.5341H15.6424V15.5703H14.6278V17.4974H13.2008V15.5703H12.2081V20.5341H13.2008V18.3186Z" fill="white"/> <path d="M23.9124 19.691C23.9854 19.4757 23.9927 19.3844 23.9927 18.9136V15.5703H22.9781V18.7494C22.9781 19.0121 22.9781 19.0851 22.9635 19.191C22.9197 19.5559 22.6423 19.7713 22.2044 19.7713C21.8759 19.7713 21.6386 19.6509 21.5255 19.4282C21.4671 19.3187 21.4416 19.1435 21.4416 18.8333V15.5703H20.4197V19.0267C20.4197 19.5049 20.4708 19.7056 20.635 19.9611C20.9124 20.3954 21.4708 20.6254 22.2263 20.6254C23.2956 20.6254 23.7846 20.0815 23.9124 19.691Z" fill="white"/> <path d="M30.7336 20.5341H31.584L32.3687 17.8186C32.4525 17.5193 32.4964 17.3405 32.5547 17.0558C32.5547 17.3186 32.5693 17.5704 32.5912 17.8843L32.7774 20.5341H33.7555L33.3138 15.5703H32.0438L31.3722 18.034C31.2919 18.326 31.2373 18.5851 31.1934 18.8406C31.1495 18.5851 31.1168 18.4136 31.0218 18.0559L30.3723 15.5703H29.0949L28.6313 20.5341H29.6241L29.7957 17.9391C29.8175 17.6325 29.8322 17.3405 29.8322 17.0448C29.8833 17.3295 29.9671 17.6799 30.0328 17.9245L30.7408 20.5305L30.7336 20.5341Z" fill="white"/> <path d="M39.7445 17.6069C39.8357 17.2346 39.9781 16.6506 39.9781 16.6506C39.9781 16.6506 40.1279 17.3003 40.179 17.5302C40.2846 18.0084 40.449 18.5303 40.449 18.5303H39.4781C39.584 18.2018 39.6497 17.9646 39.7445 17.6106M39.2373 19.3625H40.6936L41.0437 20.5414H42.1168L40.5512 15.563H39.4744L37.8468 20.5414H38.8906L39.241 19.3625H39.2373Z" fill="white"/> <path d="M47.2847 18.4136C47.2775 17.9975 47.27 17.4135 47.2336 17.0047C47.3249 17.3113 47.6277 18.0121 47.9052 18.6325L48.7556 20.5341H49.7994V15.5703H48.8503L48.8724 17.5996C48.8796 17.9427 48.916 18.5778 48.949 18.9647C48.8503 18.607 48.6569 18.0851 48.4051 17.5595L47.4563 15.574H46.3505V20.5378H47.3139L47.2847 18.4172V18.4136Z" fill="white"/> <path d="M14.2701 30.6294C14.1351 30.7499 13.949 30.7938 13.5219 30.7938H13.1862V29.4507H13.5438C13.7884 29.4507 13.9928 29.4797 14.1059 29.5236C14.3431 29.6111 14.4636 29.8229 14.4636 30.1294C14.4636 30.3375 14.3906 30.5163 14.2701 30.6294ZM15.511 30.1076C15.511 29.2352 14.9307 28.6514 14.0548 28.6514H12.2044V33.6151H13.1825V31.5421C13.2482 31.5492 13.2884 31.5639 13.3395 31.5857C13.5183 31.6661 13.6679 31.9069 14.1606 32.8012C14.3541 33.1516 14.4307 33.2865 14.6241 33.6151H15.803C15.803 33.6151 14.8942 32.042 14.6095 31.6842C14.5439 31.6003 14.5037 31.5564 14.4015 31.4763C15.0147 31.4617 15.5074 30.8484 15.5074 30.1039" fill="white"/> <path d="M20.5693 28.6514H19.5255V33.6151H20.5693V28.6514Z" fill="white"/> <path d="M26.5839 31.6735H27.3395V32.8014C27.1751 32.8889 26.9963 32.9219 26.7738 32.9219C26.4527 32.9219 26.1826 32.8232 25.9964 32.6444C25.7481 32.3961 25.6241 31.9363 25.6241 31.2283C25.6241 30.4873 25.7082 29.9509 26.0437 29.6297C26.2153 29.4653 26.4636 29.3815 26.7592 29.3815C27.1386 29.3815 27.4744 29.502 27.7956 29.7683L28.3248 29.1478C27.8906 28.7681 27.3467 28.5747 26.7483 28.5747C26.2773 28.5747 25.9051 28.6806 25.5403 28.9251C24.8469 29.3886 24.5037 30.1334 24.5037 31.1807C24.5037 31.9254 24.6679 32.4509 25.0329 32.9182C25.4344 33.4328 25.9817 33.6736 26.7262 33.6736C27.3103 33.6736 27.8688 33.5312 28.3759 33.2321V30.8595H26.4561L26.5839 31.6735Z" fill="white"/> <path d="M34.8723 30.582H33.4453V28.6514H32.4525V33.6151H33.4453V31.4032H34.8723V33.6151H35.8869V28.6514H34.8723V30.582Z" fill="white"/> <path d="M39.6096 29.4797H40.821V33.6151H41.8359V29.4797H43.0218L43.1862 28.6514H39.6096V29.4797Z" fill="white"/> <path d="M50.0767 32.0528C50.0767 31.3155 49.635 30.7972 48.8213 30.5745L48.2226 30.4103C47.8102 30.2972 47.6753 30.1695 47.6753 29.9104C47.6753 29.5746 47.96 29.3372 48.3687 29.3372C48.7409 29.3372 49.0767 29.4431 49.5256 29.7169L49.9963 29.0014C49.5621 28.6877 48.9453 28.5015 48.3394 28.5015C47.2884 28.5015 46.562 29.1294 46.562 30.0381C46.562 30.3156 46.6352 30.5745 46.7701 30.7972C46.9489 31.0965 47.2554 31.29 47.7482 31.4251L48.2992 31.5747C48.7409 31.6952 48.949 31.8958 48.949 32.217C48.949 32.6587 48.6497 32.896 48.0765 32.896C47.5766 32.896 47.1788 32.739 46.7118 32.4945L46.3395 33.2717C46.8395 33.5564 47.4672 33.7209 48.0329 33.7209C49.2702 33.7209 50.0838 33.0565 50.0838 32.0491" fill="white"/> <path d="M16.1934 43.6195C16.0876 44.1048 15.938 45.1122 15.9234 45.2692C15.9234 45.2692 15.8029 44.4188 15.708 43.9552L15.2518 41.7324H14.1606L13.719 43.7397C13.5693 44.4259 13.4818 45.134 13.4635 45.3274C13.4635 45.3274 13.3978 44.6194 13.2007 43.6924L12.7737 41.7359H11.7153L12.9015 46.7435H14.0365L14.4489 44.7069C14.5985 43.9771 14.6861 43.2799 14.6861 43.2799C14.7007 43.4149 14.7774 44.0574 14.9197 44.7216L15.3613 46.7435H16.4526L17.6533 41.7359H16.6022L16.1934 43.6229V43.6195Z" fill="white"/> <path d="M23.4271 44.6925C23.5329 44.3641 23.5986 44.1268 23.6935 43.7729C23.7847 43.4004 23.9307 42.8166 23.9307 42.8166C23.9307 42.8166 24.0804 43.4661 24.1314 43.6963C24.2373 44.1742 24.4015 44.6962 24.4015 44.6962H23.4307L23.4271 44.6925ZM23.4198 41.7217L21.792 46.7H22.8358L23.1862 45.521H24.6424L24.9927 46.7H26.0621L24.5001 41.7217H23.4234H23.4198Z" fill="white"/> <path d="M29.916 42.561H31.1314V46.6999H32.146V42.561H33.3322L33.4964 41.7324H29.916V42.561Z" fill="white"/> <path d="M40.1351 46.0139C39.708 46.0139 39.3794 45.8204 39.1788 45.4554C39.0293 45.1853 38.9707 44.8059 38.9707 44.1269C38.9707 43.5465 39.0583 43.1341 39.2482 42.8494C39.4271 42.5868 39.7554 42.4189 40.0912 42.4189C40.3685 42.4189 40.6351 42.5099 40.8831 42.6961L41.3322 42.0174C41.0621 41.78 40.5693 41.623 40.0766 41.623C39.2773 41.623 38.562 42.0538 38.1789 42.7728C37.9524 43.2036 37.8431 43.6926 37.8431 44.3166C37.8431 45.0467 38.0437 45.6454 38.4415 46.0942C38.8467 46.5578 39.376 46.7805 40.0619 46.7805C40.6276 46.7805 41.0475 46.6381 41.4416 46.3167L40.9852 45.689C40.6933 45.9263 40.427 46.0102 40.1351 46.0102" fill="white"/> <path d="M48.7774 43.6631H47.3504V41.7324H46.3576V46.6999H47.3504V44.4842H48.7774V46.6999H49.7919V41.7324H48.7774V43.6631Z" fill="white"/> </g> </g> <defs> <clipPath id="clip0_1358_62"> <rect width="62" height="62" fill="white"/> </clipPath> </defs> </svg> </a> </div> <dialog class="mobile_menu" id="mobile-menu-mobile_header__mobile_menu" > <div class="modal-header"> <div class="mobile_menu__close"> <button type="button" aria-label="Close" onclick="this.closest('dialog').close()" data-component-id="hrw_components:button" class="hrw-button hrw-modal--close" > <svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M6.12132 4L20.2635 18.1421L18.1421 20.2635L4 6.12132L6.12132 4Z" fill="#0071CE"/> <path d="M20.2635 6.12132L6.12132 20.2635L4 18.1421L18.1421 4L20.2635 6.12132Z" fill="#0071CE"/> </svg> </button> </div> <div class="mobile_menu__search_wrapper"> <form action="/sitesearch" method="get" accept-charset="UTF-8" class="mobile_menu__search_form"> <label for="mobile_menu__search" class="sr-only">Search</label> <input type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search hrw.org" id="mobile_menu__search" class="mobile_menu__search_input" autocomplete="off" aria-required="true" required/> <button aria-label="Search" type="submit" aria-polite="live" data-component-id="hrw_components:button" class="hrw-button mobile_menu__search_button" > <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24"> <defs> <style> .cls-1 { fill: #0072ce; stroke-width: 0px; } </style> </defs> <path class="cls-1" d="M15.5,13.5c.7-1.1,1.1-2.4,1.1-3.7,0-3.8-3.1-6.9-6.9-6.9s-6.9,3.1-6.9,6.9,3.1,6.9,6.9,6.9,2.6-.4,3.7-1.1l4.6,4.6,2.1-2.1-4.6-4.6ZM9.8,13.7c-2.2,0-4-1.8-4-4s1.8-4,4-4,4,1.8,4,4-1.8,4-4,4Z"/> </svg> </button> </form> </div> </div> <nav class="modal-body" aria-labelledby="mobile-menu-nav-mobile_header__mobile_menu"> <h2 class="sr-only" id=mobile-menu-nav-mobile_header__mobile_menu">Primary navigation</h2> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <button type="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu_link_content:2cddc307-64ce-4763-90a6-8129bf70afe4" aria-label="Click to expand Countries" data-label-expand="Click to expand Countries" data-label-close="Click to close Countries" data-component-id="hrw_components:button" class="hrw-button mobile_menu_item__button" > Countries <svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M12 16.4501L4 10.2508L6.31511 7.5498L12 11.8713L17.6334 7.5498L20 10.2508L12 16.4501Z" fill="#0071CE"/> </svg> </button> <div class="mobile_menu_submenu" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree" id="menu_link_content:2cddc307-64ce-4763-90a6-8129bf70afe4"> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <button type="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9450" aria-label="Click to expand Africa" data-label-expand="Click to expand Africa" data-label-close="Click to close Africa" data-component-id="hrw_components:button" class="hrw-button mobile_menu_item__button" > Africa <svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M12 16.4501L4 10.2508L6.31511 7.5498L12 11.8713L17.6334 7.5498L20 10.2508L12 16.4501Z" fill="#0071CE"/> </svg> </button> <div class="mobile_menu_submenu" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree" id="taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9450"> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/africa">All Africa</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/africa/african-union">African Union</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/africa/angola">Angola</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/africa/burkina-faso">Burkina Faso</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/africa/burundi">Burundi</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/africa/cameroon">Cameroon</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/africa/central-african-republic">Central African Republic</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/africa/chad">Chad</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/africa/cote-divoire">Côte d'Ivoire</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/africa/democratic-republic-congo">Democratic Republic of Congo</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/africa/equatorial-guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/africa/eritrea">Eritrea</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/africa/eswatini">Eswatini (formerly Swaziland)</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/africa/ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/africa/gambia">Gambia</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/africa/ghana">Ghana</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/africa/guinea">Guinea</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/africa/kenya">Kenya</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/africa/liberia">Liberia</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/africa/malawi">Malawi</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/africa/mali">Mali</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/africa/mauritius">Mauritius</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/africa/mozambique">Mozambique</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/africa/niger">Niger</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/africa/nigeria">Nigeria</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/africa/rwanda">Rwanda</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/africa/senegal">Senegal</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/africa/sierra-leone">Sierra Leone</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/africa/somalia">Somalia</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/africa/south-africa">South Africa</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/africa/south-sudan">South Sudan</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/africa/sudan">Sudan</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/africa/tanzania">Tanzania</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/africa/uganda">Uganda</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/africa/zambia">Zambia</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/africa/zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree" id="taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9450"> <button type="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9451" aria-label="Click to expand Americas" data-label-expand="Click to expand Americas" data-label-close="Click to close Americas" data-component-id="hrw_components:button" class="hrw-button mobile_menu_item__button" > Americas <svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M12 16.4501L4 10.2508L6.31511 7.5498L12 11.8713L17.6334 7.5498L20 10.2508L12 16.4501Z" fill="#0071CE"/> </svg> </button> <div class="mobile_menu_submenu" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree" id="taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9451"> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/americas">All Americas</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/americas/argentina">Argentina</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/americas/bolivia">Bolivia</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/americas/brazil">Brazil</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/americas/canada">Canada</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/americas/chile">Chile</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/americas/colombia">Colombia</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/americas/costa-rica">Costa Rica</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/americas/cuba">Cuba</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/americas/dominican-republic">Dominican Republic</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/americas/ecuador">Ecuador</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/americas/el-salvador">El Salvador</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/americas/guatemala">Guatemala</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/americas/haiti">Haiti</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/americas/honduras">Honduras</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/americas/jamaica">Jamaica</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/americas/mexico">Mexico</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/americas/nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/americas/panama">Panama</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/americas/paraguay">Paraguay</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/americas/peru">Peru</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/americas/uruguay">Uruguay</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/americas/venezuela">Venezuela</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree" id="taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9451"> <button type="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9452" aria-label="Click to expand Asia" data-label-expand="Click to expand Asia" data-label-close="Click to close Asia" data-component-id="hrw_components:button" class="hrw-button mobile_menu_item__button" > Asia <svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M12 16.4501L4 10.2508L6.31511 7.5498L12 11.8713L17.6334 7.5498L20 10.2508L12 16.4501Z" fill="#0071CE"/> </svg> </button> <div class="mobile_menu_submenu" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree" id="taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9452"> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/asia">All Asia</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/asia/afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/asia/australia">Australia</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/asia/bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/asia/bhutan">Bhutan</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/asia/brunei">Brunei</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/asia/cambodia">Cambodia</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/asia/china-and-tibet">China and Tibet</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/asia/fiji">Fiji</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/asia/india">India</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/asia/indonesia">Indonesia</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/asia/japan">Japan</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/asia/laos">Laos</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/asia/malaysia">Malaysia</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/asia/maldives">Maldives</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/asia/myanmar-burma">Myanmar (Burma)</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/asia/nauru">Nauru</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/asia/nepal">Nepal</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/asia/north-korea">North Korea</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/asia/pakistan">Pakistan</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/asia/papua-new-guinea">Papua New Guinea</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/asia/philippines">Philippines</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/asia/singapore">Singapore</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/asia/south-korea">South Korea</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/asia/sri-lanka">Sri Lanka</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/asia/taiwan">Taiwan</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/asia/thailand">Thailand</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/asia/timor-leste">Timor-Leste</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/asia/vietnam">Vietnam</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree" id="taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9452"> <button type="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9453" aria-label="Click to expand Europe/Central Asia" data-label-expand="Click to expand Europe/Central Asia" data-label-close="Click to close Europe/Central Asia" data-component-id="hrw_components:button" class="hrw-button mobile_menu_item__button" > Europe/Central Asia <svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M12 16.4501L4 10.2508L6.31511 7.5498L12 11.8713L17.6334 7.5498L20 10.2508L12 16.4501Z" fill="#0071CE"/> </svg> </button> <div class="mobile_menu_submenu" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree" id="taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9453"> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia">All Europe/Central Asia</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/albania">Albania</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/armenia">Armenia</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/belarus">Belarus</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/belgium">Belgium</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/bosnia-and-herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/croatia">Croatia</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/czech-republic">Czech Republic</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/denmark">Denmark</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/european-union">European Union</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/france">France</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/georgia">Georgia</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/germany">Germany</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/greece">Greece</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/holy-see">Holy See</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/hungary">Hungary</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/ireland">Ireland</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/italy">Italy</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/latvia">Latvia</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/lithuania">Lithuania</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europa-und-zentralasien/netherlands">Netherlands</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/norway">Norway</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/poland">Poland</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/portugal">Portugal</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/romania">Romania</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/russia">Russia</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/serbia/kosovo">Serbia/Kosovo</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/spain">Spain</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/sweden">Sweden</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/switzerland">Switzerland</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/tajikistan">Tajikistan</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/turkey">Türkiye</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/ukraine">Ukraine</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/united-kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree" id="taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9453"> <button type="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9455" aria-label="Click to expand Middle East/North Africa" data-label-expand="Click to expand Middle East/North Africa" data-label-close="Click to close Middle East/North Africa" data-component-id="hrw_components:button" class="hrw-button mobile_menu_item__button" > Middle East/North Africa <svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M12 16.4501L4 10.2508L6.31511 7.5498L12 11.8713L17.6334 7.5498L20 10.2508L12 16.4501Z" fill="#0071CE"/> </svg> </button> <div class="mobile_menu_submenu" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree" id="taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9455"> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/middle-east/north-africa">All Middle East/North Africa</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/middle-east/north-africa/algeria">Algeria</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/middle-east/north-africa/bahrain">Bahrain</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/middle-east/n-africa/egypt">Egypt</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/middle-east/north-africa/iran">Iran</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/middle-east/north-africa/iraq">Iraq</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/middle-east/north-africa/israel/palestine">Israel/Palestine</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/middle-east/n-africa/jordan">Jordan</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/middle-east/n-africa/kuwait">Kuwait</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/middle-east/n-africa/lebanon">Lebanon</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/middle-east/n-africa/libya">Libya</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/mauritania">Mauritania</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/middle-east/north-africa/morocco/western-sahara">Morocco/Western Sahara</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/middle-east/n-africa/oman">Oman</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/middle-east/north-africa/qatar">Qatar</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/middle-east/north-africa/saudi-arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/middle-east/n-africa/syria">Syria</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/middle-east/north-africa/tunisia">Tunisia</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/middle-east/north-africa/united-arab-emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/middle-east/n-africa/yemen">Yemen</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree" id="taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9455"> <button type="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9456" aria-label="Click to expand United States" data-label-expand="Click to expand United States" data-label-close="Click to close United States" data-component-id="hrw_components:button" class="hrw-button mobile_menu_item__button" > United States <svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M12 16.4501L4 10.2508L6.31511 7.5498L12 11.8713L17.6334 7.5498L20 10.2508L12 16.4501Z" fill="#0071CE"/> </svg> </button> <div class="mobile_menu_submenu" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree" id="taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9456"> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/united-states">All United States</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/united-states/criminal-justice">Criminal Justice</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/united-states/democracy">Democracy</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/united-states/economic-justice">Economic Justice</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/united-states/immigration">Immigrants’ Rights and Border Policy</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/united-states/racial-justice">Racial Justice</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/united-states/us-foreign-policy">US Foreign Policy</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree" id="menu_link_content:2cddc307-64ce-4763-90a6-8129bf70afe4"> <button type="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu_link_content:73c3de2d-949e-4270-b46c-a51cba0071a9" aria-label="Click to expand Topics" data-label-expand="Click to expand Topics" data-label-close="Click to close Topics" data-component-id="hrw_components:button" class="hrw-button mobile_menu_item__button" > Topics <svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M12 16.4501L4 10.2508L6.31511 7.5498L12 11.8713L17.6334 7.5498L20 10.2508L12 16.4501Z" fill="#0071CE"/> </svg> </button> <div class="mobile_menu_submenu" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree" id="menu_link_content:73c3de2d-949e-4270-b46c-a51cba0071a9"> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/topic/arms">Arms</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/topic/childrens-rights">Children's Rights</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/topic/crisis-and-conflict">Crisis and Conflict</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/topic/disability-rights">Disability Rights</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/topic/economic-justice-and-rights">Economic Justice and Rights</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/topic/environment">Environment and Human Rights</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/topic/free-speech">Free Speech</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/topic/health">Health</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/topic/lgbt-rights">LGBT Rights</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/topic/refugees-and-migrants">Refugees and Migrants</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/topic/rights-older-people">Rights of Older People</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/topic/international-justice">International Justice</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/topic/technology-and-rights">Technology and Rights</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/topic/terrorism-counterterrorism">Terrorism / Counterterrorism</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/topic/torture">Torture</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/topic/united-nations">United Nations</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/topic/womens-rights">Women's Rights</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree" id="menu_link_content:73c3de2d-949e-4270-b46c-a51cba0071a9"> <a href="/publications">Reports</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree" id="menu_link_content:73c3de2d-949e-4270-b46c-a51cba0071a9"> <a href="/video-photos">Video & Photos</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree" id="menu_link_content:73c3de2d-949e-4270-b46c-a51cba0071a9"> <a href="/impact">Impact</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree" id="menu_link_content:73c3de2d-949e-4270-b46c-a51cba0071a9"> <a href="/take-action">Take Action</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree" id="menu_link_content:73c3de2d-949e-4270-b46c-a51cba0071a9"> <button type="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu_link_content:84b24d98-ad08-4460-bf04-66042e2169be" aria-label="Click to expand Join Us" data-label-expand="Click to expand Join Us" data-label-close="Click to close Join Us" data-component-id="hrw_components:button" class="hrw-button mobile_menu_item__button" > Join Us <svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M12 16.4501L4 10.2508L6.31511 7.5498L12 11.8713L17.6334 7.5498L20 10.2508L12 16.4501Z" fill="#0071CE"/> </svg> </button> <div class="mobile_menu_submenu" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree" id="menu_link_content:84b24d98-ad08-4460-bf04-66042e2169be"> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/join-us/human-rights-watch-council">Our Committees</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="https://ff.hrw.org/news/human-rights-watch-end-its-celebrated-film-festival">Film Festival</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/newsletters">Newsletters</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="https://legacy.hrw.org/legacies-for-justice-society">Legacies for Justice</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/join-us/voices-for-justice">Voices for Justice</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree" id="menu_link_content:84b24d98-ad08-4460-bf04-66042e2169be"> <button type="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu_link_content:1e9465e3-d8ab-4c32-9a9d-931a2f8f2ee6" aria-label="Click to expand About" data-label-expand="Click to expand About" data-label-close="Click to close About" data-component-id="hrw_components:button" class="hrw-button mobile_menu_item__button" > About <svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M12 16.4501L4 10.2508L6.31511 7.5498L12 11.8713L17.6334 7.5498L20 10.2508L12 16.4501Z" fill="#0071CE"/> </svg> </button> <div class="mobile_menu_submenu" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree" id="menu_link_content:1e9465e3-d8ab-4c32-9a9d-931a2f8f2ee6"> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/careers">Careers</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/about-us">About Us</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/about/people">People</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/about/social-media">Social Media</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/students-and-educators">Human Rights Education</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/financials">Financials and Fundraising Policy</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/about/accessibility">Accessibility</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/contact-us">Contact</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree" id="menu_link_content:1e9465e3-d8ab-4c32-9a9d-931a2f8f2ee6"> <button type="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu_link_content:c8cfbd7f-a8a7-4393-9e73-30d8c4fff1cb" aria-label="Click to expand Give Now" data-label-expand="Click to expand Give Now" data-label-close="Click to close Give Now" data-component-id="hrw_components:button" class="hrw-button mobile_menu_item__button" > Give Now <svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M12 16.4501L4 10.2508L6.31511 7.5498L12 11.8713L17.6334 7.5498L20 10.2508L12 16.4501Z" fill="#0071CE"/> </svg> </button> <div class="mobile_menu_submenu" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree" id="menu_link_content:c8cfbd7f-a8a7-4393-9e73-30d8c4fff1cb"> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="https://bit.ly/3qP09tb">Make a One-time Gift</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="https://bit.ly/3C4SbCq">Give Monthly</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="https://www.hrw.org/give-now/legacy-giving">Gifts in Wills and Trusts</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="https://donate.hrw.org/page/85608/action/1?promo_id=1008">Partners for Justice</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="https://donate.hrw.org/page/14723/action/1">Stock or Wire Transfer</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/QCD">Give from Your IRA</a> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="modal-footer"> <a class="link-button link-button--secondary" href="https://donate.hrw.org/page/107245/donate/1?ea.tracking.id=EP2022EVpgdonate&promo_id=1000">Donate Now</a> </div> </dialog> <div class="mobile_header__search"> <form action="/sitesearch" method="get" accept-charset="UTF-8" class="mobile_menu__search_form"> <label for="mobile_menu__search" class="sr-only">Search</label> <input type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search hrw.org" id="mobile_menu__search" class="mobile_menu__search_input" autocomplete="off" aria-required="true" required/> <button aria-label="Search" type="submit" aria-polite="live" data-component-id="hrw_components:button" class="hrw-button mobile_menu__search_button" > <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24"> <defs> <style> .cls-1 { fill: #0072ce; stroke-width: 0px; } </style> </defs> <path class="cls-1" d="M15.5,13.5c.7-1.1,1.1-2.4,1.1-3.7,0-3.8-3.1-6.9-6.9-6.9s-6.9,3.1-6.9,6.9,3.1,6.9,6.9,6.9,2.6-.4,3.7-1.1l4.6,4.6,2.1-2.1-4.6-4.6ZM9.8,13.7c-2.2,0-4-1.8-4-4s1.8-4,4-4,4,1.8,4,4-1.8,4-4,4Z"/> </svg> </button> </form> </div> <div class="mobile_header__language_wrapper"> <details id="mobile_header__language__modal" class="mobile_header__language"> <summary id="button-mobile_header__language__modal" class="mobile_header__language__button" role="button" aria-controls="hrw-modal--mobile_header__language__modal">English</summary> <dialog class="hrw-modal" id="hrw-modal--mobile_header__language__modal" onmousedown="event.target===this && this.close()"> <div class="hrw-modal--header"> <div class="hrw-modal--title">Choose your language</div> <button type="button" id="mobile_header__language__modal" aria-label="Close" onclick="this.closest('dialog').close()" class="region--header hrw-button hrw-modal--close" data-component-id="hrw_components:button" > <svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M6.12132 4L20.2635 18.1421L18.1421 20.2635L4 6.12132L6.12132 4Z" fill="#0071CE"/> <path d="M20.2635 6.12132L6.12132 20.2635L4 18.1421L18.1421 4L20.2635 6.12132Z" fill="#0071CE"/> </svg> </button> </div> <div class="hrw-modal--body"> <a href="/ar/americas/kwlwmbya" title="Arabic" lang="ar" >العربية</a> <a href="/zh-hans/americas/colombia" title="Chinese Simplified" lang="zh-hans" >简中</a> <a href="/zh-hant/americas/colombia" title="Chinese Traditional" lang="zh-hant" >繁中</a> <a href="/americas/colombia" title="English" lang="en" >English</a> <a href="/fr/ameriques/colombie" title="French" lang="fr" >Français</a> <a href="/de/nord-und-suedamerika/kolumbien" title="German" lang="de" >Deutsch</a> <a href="/ja/americas/colombia" title="Japanese" lang="ja" >日本語</a> <a href="/pt/americas/colombia" title="Portugese" lang="pt" >Português</a> <a href="/ru/americas/colombia" title="Russian" lang="ru" >Русский</a> <a href="/es/americas/colombia" title="Spanish" lang="es" >Español</a> </div> <div class="hrw-modal--footer"> <a href="/languages?language=en" title="More" lang="" >More Languages</a> </div> </dialog> </details> </div> <a class="link-button link-button--secondary" href="https://donate.hrw.org/page/107245/donate/1?ea.tracking.id=EP2022EVpgdonate&promo_id=1000">Donate Now</a> <div class="mobile_header__toggle"> <button type="button" id="mobile_header__mobile_menu" aria-label="Open the main menu" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="mobile-menu-mobile_header__mobile_menu" aria-expanded="false" data-component-id="hrw_components:button" class="hrw-button" > <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none"> <path d="M17.9167 3.66699L2.08335 3.66699" stroke="#444444" stroke-width="2.5" stroke-linecap="square"/> <path d="M17.9167 10L2.08335 10" stroke="#444444" stroke-width="2.5" stroke-linecap="square"/> <path d="M17.9167 16.333L2.08335 16.333" stroke="#444444" stroke-width="2.5" stroke-linecap="square"/> </svg> </button> </div> </div> <div class="mobile_header__trending trending" id="mobile_header__dialog_wrapper" data-component-id="hrw_components:trending"> <span>Trending</span> <a class="link-emphasis" href="/middle-east/north-africa/israel/palestine">Israel/Palestine<span class="caret-nowrap"> <span class="caret"></span></span></a> <a class="link-emphasis" href="/middle-east/n-africa/syria">Syria<span class="caret-nowrap"> <span class="caret"></span></span></a> <a class="link-emphasis" href="/africa/sudan">Sudan<span class="caret-nowrap"> <span class="caret"></span></span></a> <a class="link-emphasis" href="/tag/russia-ukraine-war">Russia-Ukraine War<span class="caret-nowrap"> <span class="caret"></span></span></a> <a class="link-emphasis" href="/united-states">United States<span class="caret-nowrap"> <span class="caret"></span></span></a> <a class="link-emphasis" href="/tag/tigray-conflict">Tigray Conflict<span class="caret-nowrap"> <span class="caret"></span></span></a> </div> </div> </div> </header> <main class="main" role="main"> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div class="overflow-auto"> <div class="container-large max-w-lg mx-auto px-6 sm:px-8 md:pr-14 md:pl-24 x2l:px-0 x2l:mx-32 x3l:mx-auto"> <div id="block-hrw-design-hrwsuggestions"> <dialog class="hrw-suggestion hrw-suggestion--language" data-suggestion-type="language" hidden open > <div class="suggestion-inner"> <div class="suggestion-prompt"> Would you like to read this page in another language? </div> <div class="suggestion-options"> <a class="suggestion-link" href="/"> Yes </a><button class="suggestion-dismiss"> No, don't ask again </button> </div> <button class="suggestion-close"> <span aria-hidden="true">✕</span><span class="sr-only"> Close</span> </button> </div> </dialog> <dialog class="hrw-suggestion hrw-suggestion--textonly" data-suggestion-type="textonly" hidden open > <div class="suggestion-inner"> <div class="suggestion-prompt"> Would you like to see a version of this page that loads faster by showing text only? </div> <div class="suggestion-options"> <a class="suggestion-link" href="//text.hrw.org/americas/colombia"> Yes </a><button class="suggestion-dismiss"> No, don't ask again </button> </div> <button class="suggestion-close"> <span aria-hidden="true">✕</span><span class="sr-only"> Close</span> </button> </div> </dialog> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div><div id="block-hrw-design-content"> <div> <div class="container-full max-w-full"> <div > <div> <div> <div class="container-large max-w-lg mx-auto"> <div class="billboard-country mb-6 px-16 text-3xl font-medium leading-tight md:text-4xl lg:text-5xl xl:text-6xl"> <nav class="nav-dropdown" aria-labelledby="nav-button--explore-americas"> <button id="nav-button--explore-americas" aria-controls="nav-dropdown--explore-americas" aria-expanded="false" > Explore Americas <div class="icon fill-current ml-2 w-3 inline-block"> <svg viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor" role="img" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/hrw_design/dist/app-drupal/assets/spritemap.svg?cacheBuster=240611#sprite-chevron-down"></use> </svg> </div> </button> <div class="nav-dropdown__group" id="nav-dropdown--explore-americas"> <a href="/americas">Americas</a> <ul class="nav-dropdown__group-items"> <li class="nav-dropdown__sub-item"> <a href="/americas/argentina">Argentina</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown__sub-item"> <a href="/americas/bolivia">Bolivia</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown__sub-item"> <a href="/americas/brazil">Brazil</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown__sub-item"> <a href="/americas/canada">Canada</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown__sub-item"> <a href="/americas/chile">Chile</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown__sub-item"> <a href="/americas/colombia">Colombia</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown__sub-item"> <a href="/americas/costa-rica">Costa Rica</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown__sub-item"> <a href="/americas/cuba">Cuba</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown__sub-item"> <a href="/americas/dominican-republic">Dominican Republic</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown__sub-item"> <a href="/americas/ecuador">Ecuador</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown__sub-item"> <a href="/americas/el-salvador">El Salvador</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown__sub-item"> <a href="/americas/guatemala">Guatemala</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown__sub-item"> <a href="/americas/haiti">Haiti</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown__sub-item"> <a href="/americas/honduras">Honduras</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown__sub-item"> <a href="/americas/jamaica">Jamaica</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown__sub-item"> <a href="/americas/mexico">Mexico</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown__sub-item"> <a href="/americas/nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown__sub-item"> <a href="/americas/panama">Panama</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown__sub-item"> <a href="/americas/paraguay">Paraguay</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown__sub-item"> <a href="/americas/peru">Peru</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown__sub-item"> <a href="/americas/uruguay">Uruguay</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown__sub-item"> <a href="/americas/venezuela">Venezuela</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> <h1>Colombia</h1> </div> <div class="flex flex:sm flex:md flex:lg"> <div class="sm:w-full md:w-full lg:w-3/5 py-16 px-16 bg-blue-700 text-white"> <div class="billboard-country__summary rich-text"> <div data-field="description"><p>The decades-long armed conflict between the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and the government officially ended with a peace accord in 2016, but the National Liberation Army (ELN) guerrillas, groups that emerged from the FARC and successor groups to paramilitaries that emerged after an official demobilization process over a decade ago continue to commit serious abuses. Rights defenders, Indigenous and Afro-Colombian leaders, and other community activists face constant threats and violence. Violence associated with the armed conflict has forcibly displaced millions and impunity for grave abuses remains a serious concern. Police used excessive and often brutal force in response to mostly peaceful demonstrations occurring between 2019 and 2021. High levels of poverty, especially among Indigenous and Afro-descendant communities, remains a serious human rights concern.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="billboard-country__image lg:w-2/5 flex mx-auto md:flex-row bg-gray-200"> <div class="lg:block h-full w-full flex justify-center items-start md:items-stretch"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/country/public/media_2020/05/202005colombia_countrypage_map.jpg?h=827069f2&itok=EJ9AXD_A" alt="Colombia country page map" loading="lazy" class="billboard-country__image-inner md:object-cover" width="800" height="600" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mb-16"> <div class="content-cards-block"> <div class="container-large max-w-lg mx-auto "> <div class="container-full max-w-full bg-gray-900"> <div class="container-small mx-auto px-6 lg:px-8 x2l:px-4"> <ul class="grid-3-up-content py-6 max-w-sm mx-auto flex flex-wrap justify-between"> <li class="grid-item"> <div class="card flex-col"> <span class="card__location font-sans uppercase text-xs mb-3">Women's Rights</span> <figure class="card__image relative overflow-hidden mb-6 aspect-w-16 aspect-h-9"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/16x9_large/public/media_2024/12/202412wrd_colombia_webcam_illustration.jpg?h=ac778ff2&itok=SDYQ5sPB" alt="Webcam models seated in cubicles in a studio" loading="lazy" class="card__image unloaded w-auto" width="400" height="225" /> <a href="/news/2024/12/09/i-kept-saying-i-dont-want" class="card__image-link hrw-fill" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> </figure> <div class="card__content"> <div class="card__dateline flex flex-row items-baseline"> <p class="card__dateline-date flex font-sans text-xs">December 9, 2024</p> <span class="card__dateline-type pl-1 font-serif text-sm separator-bar">Interview</span> </div> <a href="/news/2024/12/09/i-kept-saying-i-dont-want" class="card__title text-lg font-medium leading-none hover:underline font-sans text-blue-700 hover:text-blue-800 "><span>“I Kept Saying, ‘I Don't Want To.’"</span> </a> <div class="byline__container mt-3 flex flex-wrap text-gray-800 flex-col"> <div class="byline__content flex flex-row ml-1 mr-0 mb-1 mt-4"> <div class="byline__img flex h-16 w-16 min-w-16 mr-4 ml-0"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_bw/public/media_2022/03/202203lgbt_Erin_Kilbride.jpg?h=1c8307dd&itok=cCBGCIb0" alt="" loading="lazy" class="unloaded" width="108" height="108" /> </div> <div class="byline__info flex-col pr-16 pl-0"> <div class="byline__name flex"> <a class="text-lg font-semibold leading-snug hover:underline focus:underline leading-none" href="/about/people/erin-kilbride">Erin Kilbride</a> </div> <div class="byline__position text-sm pt-1 leading-tight">Researcher, Women's Rights Division</div> </div> </div> <div class="byline__content flex flex-row ml-1 mr-0 mb-1 mt-4"> <div class="byline__img flex h-16 w-16 min-w-16 mr-4 ml-0"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_bw/public/multimedia_images_2015/2015_amy-braunschweiger_02_web-bio.jpg?itok=Rb4kDLnt" alt="" loading="lazy" class="unloaded" width="108" height="108" /> </div> <div class="byline__info flex-col pr-16 pl-0"> <div class="byline__name flex"> <a class="text-lg font-semibold leading-snug hover:underline focus:underline leading-none" href="/about/people/amy-braunschweiger">Amy Braunschweiger</a> </div> <div class="byline__position text-sm pt-1 leading-tight">Associate Director, Editorial </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="grid-item"> <div class="card flex-col"> <span class="card__location font-sans uppercase text-xs mb-3">Women's Rights</span> <figure class="card__image relative overflow-hidden mb-6 aspect-w-16 aspect-h-9"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/16x9_large/public/media_2024/12/202412wrd_colombia_webcam_illustration.jpg?h=ac778ff2&itok=SDYQ5sPB" alt="Webcam models seated in cubicles in a studio" loading="lazy" class="card__image unloaded w-auto" width="400" height="225" /> <a href="/news/2024/12/09/colombia-labor-violations-sexual-exploitation-webcam-studios" class="card__image-link hrw-fill" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> </figure> <div class="card__content"> <div class="card__dateline flex flex-row items-baseline"> <p class="card__dateline-date flex font-sans text-xs">December 9, 2024</p> <span class="card__dateline-type pl-1 font-serif text-sm separator-bar">News Release</span> </div> <a href="/news/2024/12/09/colombia-labor-violations-sexual-exploitation-webcam-studios" class="card__title text-lg font-medium leading-none hover:underline font-sans text-blue-700 hover:text-blue-800 "><span>Colombia: Labor Violations, Sexual Exploitation in Webcam Studios</span> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="grid-item"> <div class="card flex-col"> <span class="card__location font-sans uppercase text-xs mb-3">Children and Armed Conflict</span> <figure class="card__image relative overflow-hidden mb-6 aspect-w-16 aspect-h-9"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/16x9_large/public/media_2024/11/202411ame_colombia_JEP.jpg?h=9eec0fef&itok=hg__wLfQ" alt="Relatives of victims of extrajudicial executions and magistrates are pictured during a hearing of the Special Jurisdiction for Peace (JEP) in Cali, Colombia on June 5, 2023." loading="lazy" class="card__image unloaded w-auto" width="400" height="225" /> <a href="/news/2024/11/20/colombia-charges-former-farc-leaders-child-recruitment" class="card__image-link hrw-fill" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> </figure> <div class="card__content"> <div class="card__dateline flex flex-row items-baseline"> <p class="card__dateline-date flex font-sans text-xs">November 20, 2024</p> <span class="card__dateline-type pl-1 font-serif text-sm separator-bar">Dispatches</span> </div> <a href="/news/2024/11/20/colombia-charges-former-farc-leaders-child-recruitment" class="card__title text-lg font-medium leading-none hover:underline font-sans text-blue-700 hover:text-blue-800 "><span>Colombia Charges Former FARC Leaders with Child Recruitment</span> </a> <div class="byline__container mt-3 flex flex-wrap text-gray-800 flex-col"> <div class="byline__content flex flex-row ml-1 mr-0 mb-1 mt-4"> <div class="byline__img flex h-16 w-16 min-w-16 mr-4 ml-0"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_bw/public/multimedia_images_2019/201911lgbt_cristian_gonzalez_cabrera.jpg?itok=-4ok7-iC" alt="" loading="lazy" class="unloaded" width="108" height="108" /> </div> <div class="byline__info flex-col pr-16 pl-0"> <div class="byline__name flex"> <a class="text-lg font-semibold leading-snug hover:underline focus:underline leading-none" href="/about/people/cristian-gonzalez-cabrera">Cristian González Cabrera</a> </div> <div class="byline__position text-sm pt-1 leading-tight">Senior Researcher, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Rights Program </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container-large max-w-lg mx-auto px-6 sm:px-8 md:pr-14 md:pl-24 x2l:px-0 x2l:mx-32 x3l:mx-auto"> <div class="grid-2-1-content x2l:flex lg:flex mx-auto justify-between "> <div class="grid-2 w-full flex-col lg:flex lg:w-3/5 lg:px-0 "> <div > <div class="mb-16 mt-12"> <div class="video-playlist"> <div class="block-header flex justify-between items-baseline pb-3 border-b border-gray-200 "> <h2 class="block-header__title font-sans media-list__title text-3xl font-bold leading-tight text-gray-800"> Videos </h2> <a href="/video-photos?country%5B0%5D=9513#form--inline-filters--block" class="text-blue-700 hover:text-blue-800 focus:text-blue-800 uppercase svg-right-5 text-sm link-icon font-sans font-medium" title=""> <span class="link-icon__text "> Watch more </span> <span class="sr-only"> Videos </span> <div class="icon fill-current w-2 inline-block"> <svg viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor" role="img" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/hrw_design/dist/app-drupal/assets/spritemap.svg?cacheBuster=240611#sprite-chevron-right"></use> </svg> </div> </a> </div> <div class="tabs-vertical" data-tabs-vertical-id="1006622354"> <div class="tabs-vertical__main"> <div class="tabs-vertical__main-item hidden" id="tabs-main--1006622354-1" role="tabpanel" aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="tabs-tab--1006622354-1" aria-hidden="true" > <div class="video__embeddable video--orientation--landscape"> <div > <div > <div class="video overflow-hidden"> <div class="video__frame relative h-0 pb-video"> <div class="video__image js-video-hide-on-play absolute z-10 w-full h-full m-auto"> <div data-field="field-media-image"> <img loading="lazy" srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/16x9_medium/public/media_2023/11/Darien_CLEAN_Thumbnail2.jpg?h=c673cd1c&itok=jDyTsXDH 500w, /sites/default/files/styles/16x9_large/public/media_2023/11/Darien_CLEAN_Thumbnail2.jpg?h=c673cd1c&itok=-WpcWp50 700w, /sites/default/files/styles/16x9_xlarge/public/media_2023/11/Darien_CLEAN_Thumbnail2.jpg?h=c673cd1c&itok=7JJbgYkW 1000w, /sites/default/files/styles/16x9_xxl/public/media_2023/11/Darien_CLEAN_Thumbnail2.jpg?h=c673cd1c&itok=_KwouL3e 1400w, /sites/default/files/styles/16x9_3xl/public/media_2023/11/Darien_CLEAN_Thumbnail2.jpg?h=c673cd1c&itok=JYYfnG78 1920w" sizes="(max-width: 524px) 500px, (max-width: 768px) 700px, (max-width: 1024px) 1000px, (max-width: 1440px) 1400px, 100vw" width="700" height="393" data-responsive-image-style="16x9" src="/sites/default/files/styles/16x9_large/public/media_2023/11/Darien_CLEAN_Thumbnail2.jpg?h=c673cd1c&itok=-WpcWp50" alt="Canaán Membrillo" /> </div> </div> <button class="video__icon js-video-hide-on-play cursor-pointer absolute h-16 w-16 video-position block z-20" aria-label="click to play video"> <div class="icon fill-current w-full inline-block"> <svg viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor" role="img" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" > <title>Play Video</title> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/hrw_design/dist/app-drupal/assets/spritemap.svg?cacheBuster=240611#sprite-play"></use> </svg> </div> </button> <iframe class="video__iframe bg-black w-full h-full absolute" title="The Darién Gap: Where People Risk Their Lives in Search of a Better Future" data-src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/gg-7RxDWRzk?rel=0;&autoplay=1;&enablejsapi=1" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen ></iframe> </div> <details class="video__transcript bg-gray-100 font-sans text-base p-2"> <summary>Read a text description of this video</summary> <div class="m-4"> <div data-field="field-video-transcript"><p><strong>Darien Gap Feature Video</strong></p> <p><strong>Final Script - ENG</strong></p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>María:</strong></p> <p>It’s been the worst thing I’ve been through, I felt I wasn’t going to come out of there.</p> <p>I cried, the first thing that crossed my mind were my children.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Voice Over:</strong></p> <p>Over the last year, more than half a million people have crossed the Darién Gap, a swampy jungle between Colombia and Panama,</p> <p>on their journey north, often to the United States.</p> <p> </p> <p>Migrants from all over the world risk their lives in this difficult terrain, where they are exposed to unchecked abuses by criminal groups and receive little protection.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Text Card:</strong></p> <p>Asylum seekers and migrants are entitled to basic safety and respect for their huma rights during their journey.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Chapter 1:</strong></p> <p><strong>Fleeing human rights crises</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>María:</strong></p> <p>I left Venezuela, why? Because of the country’s situation.</p> <p>I work so much and much and much...why... can’t I afford anything for my daughter? I decided to go to Ecuador.</p> <p> </p> <p>I left with my brother, he was 17 and I was 21 years. We walked all the way from Cúcuta [Colombia] to Ecuador,12 days, just the two of us.</p> <p> </p> <p>When we got to Ecuador, that same day I started working, but totally undocumented in Ecuador. I then brought my mom and my family.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Voice Over:</strong></p> <p>Many people crossing the Darién Gap often try to rebuild their lives in South America before risking everything at the crossing.</p> <p> </p> <p>But their lack of legal documentation status and formal employment, as well as insecurity and discrimination, drives them out.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>María:</strong></p> <p>Now Ecuador is different, there are a lot of hitmen, there is a lot of robbery and stuff.</p> <p> </p> <p>I was also in a relationship that turned really bad. There was no respect. I would be working, and he would stalk me. After I filed a restraining order, he tried to kill me. Three days later I decided to come here [to the US].</p> <p> </p> <p>My best friend had messaged me a few days earlier and said: “Maria, let’s go through the Darién”, I told him “No dude, I’m scared.” I knew that a lot of people died there.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Chapter 2:</strong></p> <p><strong>The Jungle Corssing</strong></p> <p><strong>2022</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Voice Over:</strong></p> <p>Hundreds of thousands of migrants and asylum seekers are fleeing human rights crises in the Americas, while many are also escaping poverty or seeking safety.</p> <p> </p> <p>The US has promoted restrictions on movement in the region, pushing more and more people into this dangerous route.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>María:</strong></p> <p>I crossed in September 2022. Before we even got there, we had decided what route to take, through where. We got there and said: “We will cross through here because we don’t have enough money for Acandí, we’ll go through La Bandera." We paid the money and went in.</p> <p> </p> <p>Seven days. You see dead people, you see animals like “wolves” [foxes], you hear them at night. You have to put cleaning fluid around the tent so that the snakes don’t get in. The rain is devastating.</p> <p> </p> <p>You are wet, the tent is wet, your clothes are wet, you are freezing. Your boots are wet, but you can’t take them off or something might bite you. And as you move forward you start seeing, the smell of the dead is really strong. </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Voice Over:</strong></p> <p>During their days-long walk across the gap, migrants of all nationalities frequently experience robbery and serious abuses, including sexual assault.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>María:</strong></p> <p>Well, we didn’t get robbed like other people, but they did take our money. At every stop you would have to pay, and if you don’t have it they will leave you there, and make your life miserable. It’s all a mafia.</p> <p> </p> <p>We ran out of water for two days. We were almost at the last stop, and I fall on my knees, and I tell my best friend: “Man, I can’t go any further, if you get out of here please tell my mom and my children that I love them but I can’t anymore.”</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Voice Over:</strong></p> <p>A lack of safe pathways is pushing more and more migrants to cross the Darién Gap.</p> <p> </p> <p>Between January and September 2023, a record of 400,000 people, including more than 80,000 children, crossed.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Voice Over:</strong></p> <p>Even after successfully crossing the Darién Gap, the rest of the journey doesn’t come without risk. Especially in countries like Guatemala and Mexico. </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Chapter 3:</strong></p> <p><strong>The rest of Marías Journey.</strong></p> <p><strong>2022</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>María:</strong></p> <p>Mexico was the worst thing that has ever happen to me, other than the jungle.</p> <p> </p> <p>We arrived to Tapachula like everyone else. Immigration detained us for like three four days, we couldn't call anyone. We were fine since it was the first time.</p> <p> </p> <p>I stayed working in Mexico for a whole month. I worked in a taqueria restaurant. I started at 07:00 am and left at 02:00 am. 7:00 am until 02:00 am...</p> <p> </p> <p>I mean, it was horrible, and they paid me 150 pesos and I paid 100 a night [for lodging]. There was nothing left.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Voice Over:</strong></p> <p>In 2022 the US established a humanitarian parole program that allows qualifying individuals from certain nationalities like Venezuelans, to enter the US. </p> <p> </p> <p>Maria eventually obtained it. But many who don’t qualify and are pushed into dangerous crossings.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Chapetr 4:</strong></p> <p><strong>Reunifying the Family</strong></p> <p><strong>2023</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>María:</strong></p> <p>Because of Ecuador’s situation. My mum’s neighbor got robbed at her place, they had raped the woman in that house.</p> <p> </p> <p>That scared me. I have a 5-year-old daughter and a 2-year-old boy, I don’t want them to go through that.</p> <p> </p> <p>I had the courage and the sacrifice to make the money for them to come here.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Voice Over:</strong></p> <p>María’s mother, along with her two children and her brother left Ecuador on August 30th, 2023, and started their journey to the US.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>María:</strong></p> <p>They crossed [the Darién Gap] through Acandí, the short route.</p> <p>I couldn’t sleep, I messaged her all the time.  “Where are you? What are you doing?” they didn’t answer, they had no reception.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p>They were robbed, their bag were stolen, with the money, the phones, my children’s birth certificates. Everything.</p> <p> </p> <p>I sent them $3,000 and more than $1,000 was stolen from them in the jungle, when their bags were taken. It was total anguish.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>María Nat pop:</strong></p> <p>Mommy, I already sent the guy the money and he made the deposit. I’m with the lady that sent me the contacts, remember? So, when you move, and make it to the border with Guatemala, call Mercedes. So they can save you a spot in that shelter.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Text Card:</strong></p> <p>Panamanian and Colombian authorities should protect migrants and local communities in the Darién Gap and increase assistance in the area.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Chapter 5:</strong></p> <p><strong>United States of America</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>María:</strong></p> <p>Life here is not easy, you pay for everything, if you miss a month of rent, they kick you out. I didn't work one hour, two, four hours, no,</p> <p>I work 12, 14 hours in one a day. To make the money, so that they [my family] could be with me.</p> <p> </p> <p>I have asked for loans and stuff in the bank, all so they can move forward. Because my children for me are my life.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Nat pop: </strong></p> <p>- I love you mommy.</p> <p>- I also love you.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Voice Over:</strong></p> <p>By November 1st, 2023, María’s family was still in Mexico waiting for an immigration appointment to apply for asylum at a US border crossing.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Text Card:</strong></p> <p>The United States should expand safe and legal pathways for migrants and asylum seekers, so that they can avoid dangerous crossings, like the Darién, as well as work with other governments to protect migrants along the way and ensure their right to seek asylum.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Voice Over:</strong></p> <p>Whether seeking international protection or economic opportunities, asylum seekers and migrants deserve a safe, orderly, and dignified path.</p> <p> </p> <p>They are all entitled to basic safety and respect for their human rights during their journey.</p></div> </div> </details> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tabs-vertical__main-item hidden" id="tabs-main--1006622354-2" role="tabpanel" aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="tabs-tab--1006622354-2" aria-hidden="true" > <div class="video__embeddable video--orientation--landscape"> <div > <div > <div class="video overflow-hidden"> <div class="video__frame relative h-0 pb-video"> <div class="video__image js-video-hide-on-play absolute z-10 w-full h-full m-auto"> <div data-field="field-media-image"> <img loading="lazy" srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/16x9_medium/public/media_2023/08/202306AME_Escazu_Agreement2.jpeg?h=d1cb525d&itok=-8W3Nhn1 500w, /sites/default/files/styles/16x9_large/public/media_2023/08/202306AME_Escazu_Agreement2.jpeg?h=d1cb525d&itok=9UfHVlsx 700w, /sites/default/files/styles/16x9_xlarge/public/media_2023/08/202306AME_Escazu_Agreement2.jpeg?h=d1cb525d&itok=LmcdK0_j 1000w, /sites/default/files/styles/16x9_xxl/public/media_2023/08/202306AME_Escazu_Agreement2.jpeg?h=d1cb525d&itok=RJaDjHKn 1400w, /sites/default/files/styles/16x9_3xl/public/media_2023/08/202306AME_Escazu_Agreement2.jpeg?h=d1cb525d&itok=1fMFP02s 1920w" sizes="(max-width: 524px) 500px, (max-width: 768px) 700px, (max-width: 1024px) 1000px, (max-width: 1440px) 1400px, 100vw" width="700" height="393" data-responsive-image-style="16x9" src="/sites/default/files/styles/16x9_large/public/media_2023/08/202306AME_Escazu_Agreement2.jpeg?h=d1cb525d&itok=9UfHVlsx" alt="Escazú Agreement 2" /> </div> </div> <button class="video__icon js-video-hide-on-play cursor-pointer absolute h-16 w-16 video-position block z-20" aria-label="click to play video"> <div class="icon fill-current w-full inline-block"> <svg viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor" role="img" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" > <title>Play Video</title> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/hrw_design/dist/app-drupal/assets/spritemap.svg?cacheBuster=240611#sprite-play"></use> </svg> </div> </button> <iframe class="video__iframe bg-black w-full h-full absolute" title="What is the Escazu Agreement?" data-src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/11DF95EFmgk?rel=0;&autoplay=1;&enablejsapi=1" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen ></iframe> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tabs-vertical__main-item hidden" id="tabs-main--1006622354-3" role="tabpanel" aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="tabs-tab--1006622354-3" aria-hidden="true" > <div class="video__embeddable video--orientation--landscape"> <div > <div > <div class="video overflow-hidden"> <div class="video__frame relative h-0 pb-video"> <div class="video__image js-video-hide-on-play absolute z-10 w-full h-full m-auto"> <div data-field="field-media-image"> <img loading="lazy" srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/16x9_medium/public/media_2021/04/202104AMR_Col_Ven_Border.jpg?h=c673cd1c&itok=m_g1BInG 500w, /sites/default/files/styles/16x9_large/public/media_2021/04/202104AMR_Col_Ven_Border.jpg?h=c673cd1c&itok=t1bzav84 700w, /sites/default/files/styles/16x9_xlarge/public/media_2021/04/202104AMR_Col_Ven_Border.jpg?h=c673cd1c&itok=PVSlvSs5 1000w, /sites/default/files/styles/16x9_xxl/public/media_2021/04/202104AMR_Col_Ven_Border.jpg?h=c673cd1c&itok=g9ibnMeq 1400w, /sites/default/files/styles/16x9_3xl/public/media_2021/04/202104AMR_Col_Ven_Border.jpg?h=c673cd1c&itok=FWIU88Pi 1920w" sizes="(max-width: 524px) 500px, (max-width: 768px) 700px, (max-width: 1024px) 1000px, (max-width: 1440px) 1400px, 100vw" width="700" height="393" data-responsive-image-style="16x9" src="/sites/default/files/styles/16x9_large/public/media_2021/04/202104AMR_Col_Ven_Border.jpg?h=c673cd1c&itok=t1bzav84" alt="Venezuelans Flee from Security Forces" /> </div> </div> <button class="video__icon js-video-hide-on-play cursor-pointer absolute h-16 w-16 video-position block z-20" aria-label="click to play video"> <div class="icon fill-current w-full inline-block"> <svg viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor" role="img" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" > <title>Play Video</title> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/hrw_design/dist/app-drupal/assets/spritemap.svg?cacheBuster=240611#sprite-play"></use> </svg> </div> </button> <iframe class="video__iframe bg-black w-full h-full absolute" title="Venezuelans Flee from Abusive Security Forces " data-src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/qW1XwET-_oc?rel=0;&autoplay=1;&enablejsapi=1" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen ></iframe> </div> <details class="video__transcript bg-gray-100 font-sans text-base p-2"> <summary>Read a text description of this video</summary> <div class="m-4"> <div data-field="field-video-transcript"><p><em>“</em>Pedro Cabrera”,<em> </em>Victim’s Relative</p> <p><em>I watched when they [Venezuelan security forces] started beating them [my family] on the floor. The accused my wife of being a guerrilla fighter. She told them that she was two months pregnant. [They said] "No, better born dead."</em></p> <p><strong>VOICEOVER</strong></p> <p>For years, several armed groups have openly operated in Venezuelan territory near the Colombian border. In March 2021, in the Venezuelan state of Apure, Venezuelan security forces started an offensive against one of these armed groups.</p> <p>Apure, Venezuela</p> <p><strong>VOICEOVER</strong></p> <p>Constant airstrike attacks and abuses committed by Venezuelan security forces against the local population, have forced thousands to flee</p> <p>Arauquita, Colombia</p> <p><strong>VOICEOVER</strong></p> <p>and cross the river into the state of Arauca in Colombia. More than 5,800 people have fled. Many live in overcrowded shelters where it is nearly impossible to maintain social distance to protect against the spread of Covid-19. There, food, drinking water, basic sanitation, health supplies, and medical attention are scarce. Many others are staying in family homes or rural areas.</p> <p>Most of them fear for their lives if they go back to their homes in Venezuela where security forces have committed egregious abuses against people accused of being part of or aiding guerrillas.<em> </em></p> <p><em>“</em>Victims' Relative”</p> <p><em>My family was brutally massacred. They [security forces] tried to make them look like members of the FARC guerrillas, when they’re honest, humble hard-working farmers. </em></p> <p><strong>VOICEOVER</strong></p> <p>These are not isolated cases. Between 2016 and 2019, Venezuelan security forces have been implicated in more than 19,000 killings in which they claimed the victim had “resisted authority.” Since 2014, they have carried out over 15,000 arbitrary arrests, many involving torture. And a total of at least 870 civilians have been prosecuted by military courts.</p> <p>“Pablo Ramírez”, Victim of abuse</p> <p><em>Two tanks arrived and a bunch of military men dressed as FAES [Fuerzas de Acciones Especiales] came out. They began to torture me with a knife and asked me if I was a guerrilla collaborator. Since I wasn't telling them what they wanted to hear, they took out pliers and grabbed my finger. I felt like my finger was going to break, they were going to rip it off.</em></p> <p>“Jairo Urrutia”, Victim of abuse</p> <p><em>The security forces arrived. They took me, tied me up, beat me, put me in a truck. I spent days detained in an inhumane condition. The jail was three meters by five meters, without windows. There were 38 people. </em>They didn’t say why.</p> <p><strong>VOICEOVER</strong></p> <p>There have also been reports of looting, and houses and crops destroyed and burned by security forces.</p> <p>“Antonio Rojas”, Victim of abuse<em> </em></p> <p><em>They burned our houses. They stole everything we had. They didn't give us time to get anything out. We only took the clothes we had on.</em></p> <p><strong>VOICEOVER</strong></p> <p>The Prosecutor's Office at the International Criminal Court is deciding whether it should move forward with an investigation into allegations of crimes against humanity in Venezuela. It should also consider the abuses in Apure.</p> <p><a name="_1fob9te"></a></p> <p><a name="_j5dkfyt4jn4y"></a>Many people who fled Venezuela won’t be able to go back to their homes in the near future. The Colombian government and international donors should ensure sufficient humanitarian aid is available for them and Colombia should ensure those who decide to stay obtain legal status that allows them to access fundamental rights. </p> <p> </p></div> </div> </details> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tabs-vertical__list" role="tablist"> <button class="tabs-vertical__list-item video-tab-item text-blue-700 focus:text-gray-500 flex w-full items-center border-b border-gray-200" role="tab" id="tabs-tab--1006622354-1" aria-controls="tabs-main--1006622354-1" aria-selected="false" > <div class="icon fill-current min-w-12 w-12 inline-block"> <svg viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor" role="img" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/hrw_design/dist/app-drupal/assets/spritemap.svg?cacheBuster=240611#sprite-play-square"></use> </svg> </div> <div class="text-left">The Darién Gap: Where People Risk Their Lives in Search of a Better Future</div> </button> <button class="tabs-vertical__list-item video-tab-item text-blue-700 focus:text-gray-500 flex w-full items-center border-b border-gray-200" role="tab" id="tabs-tab--1006622354-2" aria-controls="tabs-main--1006622354-2" aria-selected="false" > <div class="icon fill-current min-w-12 w-12 inline-block"> <svg viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor" role="img" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/hrw_design/dist/app-drupal/assets/spritemap.svg?cacheBuster=240611#sprite-play-square"></use> </svg> </div> <div class="text-left">What is the Escazu Agreement?</div> </button> <button class="tabs-vertical__list-item video-tab-item text-blue-700 focus:text-gray-500 flex w-full items-center border-b border-gray-200" role="tab" id="tabs-tab--1006622354-3" aria-controls="tabs-main--1006622354-3" aria-selected="false" > <div class="icon fill-current min-w-12 w-12 inline-block"> <svg viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor" role="img" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/hrw_design/dist/app-drupal/assets/spritemap.svg?cacheBuster=240611#sprite-play-square"></use> </svg> </div> <div class="text-left">Venezuelans Flee from Abusive Security Forces </div> </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mb-16 mt-12"> <div class="media-list mx-auto flex flex-col"> <div class="block-header flex justify-between items-baseline pb-3 border-b border-gray-200 "> <h2 class="block-header__title font-sans media-list__title text-3xl font-bold leading-tight text-gray-800"> Reports </h2> <a href="/publications?country%5B0%5D=9513" class="text-blue-700 hover:text-blue-800 focus:text-blue-800 uppercase svg-right-5 text-sm link-icon font-sans font-medium" title=""> <span class="link-icon__text "> More reports </span> <div class="icon fill-current w-2 inline-block"> <svg viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor" role="img" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/hrw_design/dist/app-drupal/assets/spritemap.svg?cacheBuster=240611#sprite-chevron-right"></use> </svg> </div> </a> </div> <div class="media-list__content"> <ul class="media-list__list flex flex-wrap "> <li class="media-list__item py-4 w-full md:pr-4 md:w-1/2"> <article class="media-block flex w-full flex-row-reverse justify-end "> <div class="media-block__content"> <div class="media-block__info text-sm text-gray-700"> <span class="media-block__date">December 9, 2024</span> <span class="media-block__tag separator-bar font-serif"> Report </span> </div> <h3 class="media-block__title text-gray-800 media-block__link-gray text-lg font-medium mt-1"> <a href="/report/2024/12/09/i-learned-how-say-no/labor-abuses-sexual-exploitation-colombian-webcam-studios"><span>“I Learned How to Say No”</span> </a> </h3> <p class="media-block__subtitle text-gray-700 text-sm">Labor Abuses & Sexual Exploitation in Colombian Webcam Studios</p> </div> <div class="media-block__image relative flex-none mr-4 w-24"> <div class="media-block__image-wrapper relative"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/square/public/media_2024/12/202412wrd_colombia_webcam_illustration.jpg?h=ac778ff2&itok=R-HpnRwA" alt="Webcam models seated in cubicles in a studio" loading="lazy" class="w-24 unloaded" width="374" height="374" /> </div> <a href="/report/2024/12/09/i-learned-how-say-no/labor-abuses-sexual-exploitation-colombian-webcam-studios" class="hrw-fill" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> </div> </article> </li> <li class="media-list__item py-4 w-full md:pr-4 md:w-1/2"> <article class="media-block flex w-full flex-row-reverse justify-end "> <div class="media-block__content"> <div class="media-block__info text-sm text-gray-700"> <span class="media-block__date">April 3, 2024</span> <span class="media-block__tag separator-bar font-serif"> Report </span> </div> <h3 class="media-block__title text-gray-800 media-block__link-gray text-lg font-medium mt-1"> <a href="/report/2024/04/03/neglected-jungle/inadequate-protection-and-assistance-migrants-and-asylum-seekers"><span>Neglected in the Jungle</span> </a> </h3> <p class="media-block__subtitle text-gray-700 text-sm">Inadequate Protection and Assistance for Migrants and Asylum Seekers Crossing the Darién Gap</p> </div> <div class="media-block__image relative flex-none mr-4 w-24"> <div class="media-block__image-wrapper relative"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/square/public/media_2024/03/202404americas_panama_dariengap_jungle.jpg?h=ac778ff2&itok=U_73kAwV" alt="Migrants and asylum seekers climb down a muddy hillside trail in the jungle" loading="lazy" class="w-24 unloaded" width="374" height="374" /> </div> <a href="/report/2024/04/03/neglected-jungle/inadequate-protection-and-assistance-migrants-and-asylum-seekers" class="hrw-fill" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> </div> </article> </li> <li class="media-list__item py-4 w-full md:pr-4 md:w-1/2"> <article class="media-block flex w-full flex-row-reverse justify-end "> <div class="media-block__content"> <div class="media-block__info text-sm text-gray-700"> <span class="media-block__date">July 27, 2023</span> <span class="media-block__tag separator-bar font-serif"> Report </span> </div> <h3 class="media-block__title text-gray-800 media-block__link-gray text-lg font-medium mt-1"> <a href="/report/2023/07/27/we-must-ask-what-already-ours/afro-descendant-women-and-access-land-alto-mira-y"><span>“We Must Ask for What Is Already Ours”</span> </a> </h3> <p class="media-block__subtitle text-gray-700 text-sm">Afro-descendant Women and Access to Land in Alto Mira y Frontera, Colombia</p> </div> <div class="media-block__image relative flex-none mr-4 w-24"> <div class="media-block__image-wrapper relative"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/square/public/media_2023/07/202307wrd_americas_colombia_AltoMirayFrontera.jpg?h=af97b938&itok=oUzMcpAl" alt="View of a river and building on a rural hillside" loading="lazy" class="w-24 unloaded" width="374" height="374" /> </div> <a href="/report/2023/07/27/we-must-ask-what-already-ours/afro-descendant-women-and-access-land-alto-mira-y" class="hrw-fill" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> </div> </article> </li> <li class="media-list__item py-4 w-full md:pr-4 md:w-1/2"> <article class="media-block flex w-full flex-row-reverse justify-end "> <div class="media-block__content"> <div class="media-block__info text-sm text-gray-700"> <span class="media-block__date">March 28, 2022</span> <span class="media-block__tag separator-bar font-serif"> Report </span> </div> <h3 class="media-block__title text-gray-800 media-block__link-gray text-lg font-medium mt-1"> <a href="/news/2022/03/28/colombia/venezuela-border-area-abuses-armed-groups"><span>Colombia/Venezuela: Border Area Abuses by Armed Groups</span> </a> </h3> <p class="media-block__subtitle text-gray-700 text-sm">Killings, Disappearances, Child Recruitment, Forced Displacement</p> </div> <div class="media-block__image relative flex-none mr-4 w-24"> <div class="media-block__image-wrapper relative"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/square/public/media_2022/03/202203americas_colombia_tentresized.jpg?h=a879ac9f&itok=BNzuuS_K" alt="An improvised shelter in Vichada state, Colombia, where Indigenous people fleeing Venezuela's Apure state live in poor conditions, without sufficient access to food, drinking water, and health services, February 2022." loading="lazy" class="w-24 unloaded" width="374" height="374" /> </div> <a href="/news/2022/03/28/colombia/venezuela-border-area-abuses-armed-groups" class="hrw-fill" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> </div> </article> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="term-listing-filtered"> <div class="block-header flex justify-between items-baseline pb-3 border-b border-gray-200 "> <h2 class="block-header__title font-sans news__title text-3xl font-bold leading-tight text-gray-800"> News </h2> </div> <div class="views-element-container form-group mx-sm-3"><div class="js-view-dom-id-147219c9cd754c3daff43f87a396c7bc557b96c51cc4f64e47103a1d4622dee7"> </div> </div> <div class="media-list mx-auto flex flex-col"> <div class="media-list__content"> <ul class="media-list__list flex flex-wrap flex-col"> <li class="media-list__item py-4 border-t border-gray-200 first:border-0"> <article class="media-block flex w-full flex-row-reverse justify-end "> <div class="media-block__content"> <div class="media-block__info text-sm text-gray-700"> <span class="media-block__date">September 11, 2024</span> <span class="media-block__tag separator-bar font-serif"> News Release </span> </div> <h3 class="media-block__title text-gray-800 media-block__link-gray text-lg font-medium mt-1"> <a href="/news/2024/09/11/americas-limited-protection-people-fleeing-venezuela-haiti"><span>Americas: Limited Protection for People Fleeing Venezuela, Haiti </span> </a> </h3> <p class="media-block__subtitle text-gray-700 text-sm">Limited Access to Asylum, Integration Pushes People to the Darién Gap </p> </div> <div class="media-block__image relative flex-none mr-4 w-24"> <div class="media-block__image-wrapper relative"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/square/public/media_2024/03/202404americas_panama_canaanmembrillo_boats.jpg?h=ac778ff2&itok=L84gxXrt" alt="SENAFRONT officers coordinate the departure of “piraguas,” wooden canoes made from hollowed-out tree trunks" loading="lazy" class="w-24 unloaded" width="374" height="374" /> </div> <a href="/news/2024/09/11/americas-limited-protection-people-fleeing-venezuela-haiti" class="hrw-fill" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> </div> </article> </li> <li class="media-list__item py-4 border-t border-gray-200 first:border-0"> <article class="media-block flex w-full flex-row-reverse justify-end "> <div class="media-block__content"> <div class="media-block__info text-sm text-gray-700"> <span class="media-block__date">September 11, 2024</span> <span class="media-block__tag separator-bar font-serif"> Feature </span> </div> <h3 class="media-block__title text-gray-800 media-block__link-gray text-lg font-medium mt-1"> <a href="/feature/2024/09/11/darien-gap/the-jungle-where-poor-migration-policies-meet"><span>Darién Gap: The Jungle Where Poor Migration Policies Meet</span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="media-block__image relative flex-none mr-4 w-24"> <div class="media-block__image-wrapper relative"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/square/public/media_2024/08/202408americas_colombia_panama_dariengap_motherchild.jpg?h=3e43625b&itok=jRi40woR" alt="A woman embraces her son in a jungle" loading="lazy" class="w-24 unloaded" width="374" height="374" /> </div> <a href="/feature/2024/09/11/darien-gap/the-jungle-where-poor-migration-policies-meet" class="hrw-fill" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> </div> </article> </li> <li class="media-list__item py-4 border-t border-gray-200 first:border-0"> <article class="media-block flex w-full flex-row-reverse justify-end "> <div class="media-block__content"> <div class="media-block__info text-sm text-gray-700"> <span class="media-block__date">August 27, 2024</span> <span class="media-block__tag separator-bar font-serif"> Letter </span> </div> <h3 class="media-block__title text-gray-800 media-block__link-gray text-lg font-medium mt-1"> <a href="/news/2024/08/27/human-rights-watch-letter-presidents-brazil-colombia-and-mexico-crisis-venezuela"><span>Human Rights Watch letter to the presidents of Brazil, Colombia and Mexico on the crisis in Venezuela</span> </a> </h3> </div> </article> </li> <li class="media-list__item py-4 border-t border-gray-200 first:border-0"> <article class="media-block flex w-full flex-row-reverse justify-end "> <div class="media-block__content"> <div class="media-block__info text-sm text-gray-700"> <span class="media-block__date">June 18, 2024</span> <span class="media-block__tag separator-bar font-serif"> Statement </span> </div> <h3 class="media-block__title text-gray-800 media-block__link-gray text-lg font-medium mt-1"> <a href="/news/2024/06/18/meaningful-participation-people-disabilities-society"><span>Meaningful Participation of People with Disabilities in Society</span> </a> </h3> <p class="media-block__subtitle text-gray-700 text-sm">Intervention by Mariana Lozano at the Conference of States Parties to the CRPD</p> </div> </article> </li> <li class="media-list__item py-4 border-t border-gray-200 first:border-0"> <article class="media-block flex w-full flex-row-reverse justify-end "> <div class="media-block__content"> <div class="media-block__info text-sm text-gray-700"> <span class="media-block__date">April 3, 2024</span> <span class="media-block__tag separator-bar font-serif"> News Release </span> </div> <h3 class="media-block__title text-gray-800 media-block__link-gray text-lg font-medium mt-1"> <a href="/news/2024/04/03/colombia-panama-fail-protect-migrants-darien-gap"><span>Colombia, Panama Fail to Protect Migrants in Darién Gap</span> </a> </h3> <p class="media-block__subtitle text-gray-700 text-sm">Poor Protection, Insufficient Aid, Flawed Investigations</p> </div> <div class="media-block__image relative flex-none mr-4 w-24"> <div class="media-block__image-wrapper relative"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/square/public/media_2024/03/202404americas_panama_dariengap_border.jpg?h=3e43625b&itok=rdDEo-Xh" alt="Migrants sit under a sign marking the Panama-Colombia border" loading="lazy" class="w-24 unloaded" width="374" height="374" /> </div> <a href="/news/2024/04/03/colombia-panama-fail-protect-migrants-darien-gap" class="hrw-fill" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> </div> </article> </li> <li class="media-list__item py-4 border-t border-gray-200 first:border-0"> <article class="media-block flex w-full flex-row-reverse justify-end "> <div class="media-block__content"> <div class="media-block__info text-sm text-gray-700"> <span class="media-block__date">March 7, 2024</span> <span class="media-block__tag separator-bar font-serif"> Dispatches </span> </div> <h3 class="media-block__title text-gray-800 media-block__link-gray text-lg font-medium mt-1"> <a href="/news/2024/03/07/womens-voices-have-power-drive-change"><span>Women’s Voices Have Power to Drive Change </span> </a> </h3> <p class="media-block__subtitle text-gray-700 text-sm">Freedom of Expression Key to Demanding Rights</p> </div> <div class="media-block__image relative flex-none mr-4 w-24"> <div class="media-block__image-wrapper relative"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/square/public/media_2024/03/202403ame_wrd_argentina_international_womens_day.jpg?h=5ee599f2&itok=Lq9VLMtK" alt="Activists sing during a rally to support women's rights on International Women's Day in Buenos Aires, March 8, 2023." loading="lazy" class="w-24 unloaded" width="374" height="374" /> </div> <a href="/news/2024/03/07/womens-voices-have-power-drive-change" class="hrw-fill" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> </div> </article> </li> <li class="media-list__item py-4 border-t border-gray-200 first:border-0"> <article class="media-block flex w-full flex-row-reverse justify-end "> <div class="media-block__content"> <div class="media-block__info text-sm text-gray-700"> <span class="media-block__date">December 4, 2023</span> <span class="media-block__tag separator-bar font-serif"> News Release </span> </div> <h3 class="media-block__title text-gray-800 media-block__link-gray text-lg font-medium mt-1"> <a href="/news/2023/12/04/colombian-disability-rights-activist-honored"><span>Colombian Disability Rights Activist Honored</span> </a> </h3> <p class="media-block__subtitle text-gray-700 text-sm">Mariana Lozano Receives Human Rights Watch Marca Bristo Fellowship</p> </div> <div class="media-block__image relative flex-none mr-4 w-24"> <div class="media-block__image-wrapper relative"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/square/public/media_2023/11/202311drd_colombia_marianalozano.jpg?h=89452b71&itok=R2_r31QU" alt="Colored headshot of Mariana Lozano, a young woman from Colombia." loading="lazy" class="w-24 unloaded" width="374" height="374" /> </div> <a href="/news/2023/12/04/colombian-disability-rights-activist-honored" class="hrw-fill" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> </div> </article> </li> <li class="media-list__item py-4 border-t border-gray-200 first:border-0"> <article class="media-block flex w-full flex-row-reverse justify-end "> <div class="media-block__content"> <div class="media-block__info text-sm text-gray-700"> <span class="media-block__date">November 9, 2023</span> <span class="media-block__tag separator-bar font-serif"> News Release </span> </div> <h3 class="media-block__title text-gray-800 media-block__link-gray text-lg font-medium mt-1"> <a href="/news/2023/11/09/americas-migrants-pushed-cross-darien-gap-abused"><span>Americas: Migrants Pushed to Cross Darién Gap, Abused</span> </a> </h3> <p class="media-block__subtitle text-gray-700 text-sm">Lack of Safe and Legal Pathways Risks People’s Lives, Empowers Organized Crime</p> </div> <div class="media-block__image relative flex-none mr-4 w-24"> <div class="media-block__image-wrapper relative"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/square/public/media_2023/11/202311americas_colombia_dariengap_boats.jpg?h=b07910ca&itok=tB6zQ7Xn" alt="Migrantes y solicitantes de asilo se embarcan en barcos que los llevarán desde Necoclí a Capurganá, Colombia, donde muchos comenzarán un viaje de varios días a través del Tapón del Darién." loading="lazy" class="w-24 unloaded" width="374" height="374" /> </div> <a href="/news/2023/11/09/americas-migrants-pushed-cross-darien-gap-abused" class="hrw-fill" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> </div> </article> </li> <li class="media-list__item py-4 border-t border-gray-200 first:border-0"> <article class="media-block flex w-full flex-row-reverse justify-end "> <div class="media-block__content"> <div class="media-block__info text-sm text-gray-700"> <span class="media-block__date">October 6, 2023</span> <span class="media-block__tag separator-bar font-serif"> Dispatches </span> </div> <h3 class="media-block__title text-gray-800 media-block__link-gray text-lg font-medium mt-1"> <a href="/news/2023/10/06/nyc-mayor-should-prioritize-human-rights-over-harmful-discourse"><span>NYC Mayor Should Prioritize Human Rights over Harmful Discourse</span> </a> </h3> <p class="media-block__subtitle text-gray-700 text-sm">Adams Should Understand Why People Migrate to NYC</p> </div> <div class="media-block__image relative flex-none mr-4 w-24"> <div class="media-block__image-wrapper relative"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/square/public/media_2023/10/202310americas_us_ecuador_ericadams.jpg?h=ded27430&itok=1pFnK1t9" alt="Ecuadorean Foreign Minister Gustavo Manrique, right, shakes hands with New York City Mayor Eric Adams" loading="lazy" class="w-24 unloaded" width="374" height="374" /> </div> <a href="/news/2023/10/06/nyc-mayor-should-prioritize-human-rights-over-harmful-discourse" class="hrw-fill" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> </div> </article> </li> <li class="media-list__item py-4 border-t border-gray-200 first:border-0"> <article class="media-block flex w-full flex-row-reverse justify-end "> <div class="media-block__content"> <div class="media-block__info text-sm text-gray-700"> <span class="media-block__date">September 30, 2023</span> <span class="media-block__tag separator-bar font-serif"> Amicus Briefing </span> </div> <h3 class="media-block__title text-gray-800 media-block__link-gray text-lg font-medium mt-1"> <a href="/news/2023/09/30/amicus-brief-colombian-constitutional-court-escazu-agreement"><span>Amicus Brief for Colombian Constitutional Court on the Escazú Agreement</span> </a> </h3> </div> </article> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mb-16"> <div class="hrw-blocks-custom-block-news-read-more"> <a class="btn btn-primary btn-lg btn-lg-wide w-full" href=/news?country%5B%5D=9513> <div class="items-center flex "> <span class="btn-text ">Read More</span> <div class="icon fill-current ml-1 w-2 inline-block"> <svg viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor" role="img" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/hrw_design/dist/app-drupal/assets/spritemap.svg?cacheBuster=240611#sprite-chevron-right"></use> </svg> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-1 flex-col lg:flex lg:w-3/10 lg:px-0 "> <div > <div class="views-element-container mt-12"> <div class="form-group mx-sm-3"><div class="js-view-dom-id-1070530776b330cf502672c66b34e7b20e346814f6d21532d7b9ef8187cb0d4c"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mb-8"> <div class="wr-promo bg-black relative"> <div class="wr-promo--bg relative"> <img src="https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/styles/16x9_small/public/media_2025/01/202412americas_colombia_wr.jpg?h=6f410a1f&itok=xX0PGCkz" alt="Colombia - World Report 2025" loading="lazy" class="wr-promo--img block relative unloaded" /> </div> <a class="hrw-fill" href="/world-report/2025/country-chapters/colombia"> <div class="wr-promo--text p-6 absolute left-0 bottom-0 p-5"> <h2 class="font-sans uppercase text-white text-2xl hrw-text-shadow-black">World Report 2025</h2> <p class="font-sans font-bold text-white text-3xl hrw-text-shadow-black">Colombia</p> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="mb-8 md:mb-14"> <div class="block-header flex justify-between items-baseline pb-3 border-b border-gray-200 "> <h2 class="block-header__title font-sans text-base font-medium uppercase text-gray-800"> Our people </h2> </div> <div data-field="field-shared-featured-researcher"> <div> <div class="byline__container mt-3 flex flex-wrap text-gray-800 flex-col"> <div class="byline__content flex flex-row ml-1 mr-0 mb-1 mt-4"> <div class="byline__img flex h-16 w-16 min-w-16 mr-4 ml-0"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/square/public/media_2022/08/202208Americas_Goebertus_EstradaSized.jpg?h=790be497&itok=BZzalzqR" alt="" loading="lazy" class="unloaded" width="374" height="374" /> </div> <div class="byline__info flex-col pr-16 pl-0"> <div class="byline__name flex"> <a class="text-lg font-semibold leading-snug hover:underline focus:underline leading-none" href="/about/people/juanita-goebertus-estrada"><span>Juanita Goebertus Estrada</span> </a> </div> <div class="byline__position text-sm pt-1 leading-tight">Director, Americas Division</div> <a class="byline__icon link-twitter flex items-center mt-1 text-sm leading-tight hover:underline focus:underline" href="https://twitter.com/JuanitaGoe"> <div class="icon fill-current w-5 inline-block"> <svg viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor" role="img" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/hrw_design/dist/app-drupal/assets/spritemap.svg?cacheBuster=240611#sprite-twitter"></use> </svg> </div> <span class="sr-only">JuanitaGoe</span> <p class="byline__handle text-blue-700 font-bold">JuanitaGoe</p> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="byline__container mt-3 flex flex-wrap text-gray-800 flex-col"> <div class="byline__content flex flex-row ml-1 mr-0 mb-1 mt-4"> <div class="byline__img flex h-16 w-16 min-w-16 mr-4 ml-0"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/square/public/media_2021/12/202112Americas_Juan_Pappier.jpg?h=f9ed1972&itok=UiwigDqo" alt="" loading="lazy" class="unloaded" width="374" height="374" /> </div> <div class="byline__info flex-col pr-16 pl-0"> <div class="byline__name flex"> <a class="text-lg font-semibold leading-snug hover:underline focus:underline leading-none" href="/about/people/juan-pappier"><span>Juan Pappier</span> </a> </div> <div class="byline__position text-sm pt-1 leading-tight">Deputy Director, Americas</div> <a class="byline__icon link-twitter flex items-center mt-1 text-sm leading-tight hover:underline focus:underline" href="https://twitter.com/JuanPappierHRW"> <div class="icon fill-current w-5 inline-block"> <svg viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor" role="img" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/hrw_design/dist/app-drupal/assets/spritemap.svg?cacheBuster=240611#sprite-twitter"></use> </svg> </div> <span class="sr-only">JuanPappierHRW</span> <p class="byline__handle text-blue-700 font-bold">JuanPappierHRW</p> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="views-element-container mt-8"> <div class="form-group mx-sm-3"><div class="js-view-dom-id-7cd55ab46391c676e1a2d17708e036699e0b8852d736b6659716ec3b9fcdcd2e"> <div class="views-row"> <div class="promo promo-simple bg-black my-10"> <a class="promo__daily-wrapper block" href="/the-day-in-human-rights/2025/02/18"> <div class="promo__image-container relative flex p-0 justify-center m-auto"> <div class="promo__image-frame "> <div data-field="field-teaser-image-ref"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/16x9_medium/public/media_2023/06/202306mena_syria_humanitarian_aid_idlib.JPG?h=769babd5&itok=JHN2Mq6Y" width="500" height="281" alt="A worker unloads bags and boxes of humanitarian aid from the back of a truck in the opposition-held Idlib, Syria, June 9, 2021." /> </div> </div> </div> <div class="promo__content my-auto p-8 "> <div class="promo__headline flex flex-wrap items-baseline"> <h3 class="promo__title text-white text-3xl font-sans leading-tight"> Daily Brief </h3> <p class="promo__date text-white pl-4 text-xs font-sans">Feb 18, 2025</p> </div> <span class="promo__accent block mt-3 border-t border-white opacity-25 w-full"></span> <p class="promo__subtitle text-white text-xs py-4 font-serif ">Assad Is Gone, Yet Sanctions Remain; Quick Takes: Guatemala; China; Readers’ Recommendations; Support Our Work!</p> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-element-container"> <div class="form-group mx-sm-3"><div class="js-view-dom-id-208a72899a4082fdb6e7adfa1384d194b220eff380b95bea44974f6dfe25d5f5"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container-full max-w-full"> <div > <div> <div class="donation-footer-block"> <div class="donation__outer w-full mx-auto bg-orange-500"> <a href="https://donate.hrw.org/page/107245/donate/1?ea.tracking.id=EP2024EVcntpg1" class="donation__wrapper block hover:bg-orange-600 focus:bg-orange-600 px-6"> <div class="donation__inner mx-auto pt-6 pb-6 flex flex-col justify-between max-w-sm xl:flex-row"> <div class="donation__main text-white xl:w-3/5"> <h3 class="donation__standard-title text-white mb-2 text-2xl md:text-4xl">Protecting Rights, Saving Lives</h3> <p class="donation__standard-subtitle hrw-large-text-bold">Human Right Watch defends the rights of people in 90 countries worldwide, spotlighting abuses and bringing perpetrators to justice.</p> </div> <div class="donation__secondary flex xl:border-l border-orange-400 xl:w-3/10"> <div class="self-center mx-auto sm:m-0 pt-4 xl:p-0 xl:ml-auto"> <div class="uppercase btn btn-secondary-invert btn-lg-wide font-bold"> <span class="btn-text ">Donate Now</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="block-signupbarblock"> <div class="clear-both"> <div data-scroll class="email-sign-up-bar w-full fixed left-0 bottom-0 flex justify-between gap-4 bg-gray-800 px-5 py-5 opacity-0 z-30"> <div class="mx-auto flex flex-col md:flex-row gap-8 justify-around md:items-center"> <p class="email-sign-up-bar__text text-white leading-tight text-md sm:text-lg lg:text-2xl">Get updates on human rights issues from around the globe. Join our movement today.</p> <div class="email-sign-up-bar__form my-4"> <form id="fixed-bottom-rollup-signup" class="footer--sticky--form flex relative" action="/hrw-newsletter/subscribe" method="post" data-signup-id="signup"> <label class="absolute text-md text-white w-full" for="supporterEmailAddress">Enter an email address</label> <input name="supporter.emailAddress" id="supporterEmailAddress" class="form-text form-email" type="email" size="18" required /> <div class="hidden"> <label class="absolute text-md text-white w-full" for="supporterFirstName">Leave blank</label> <input type="text" name="supporter.firstName" id="supporterFirstName" class="form-text" autocomplete="off"> <label class="absolute text-md text-white w-full" for="supporterLastName">Leave blank</label> <input type="text" name="supporter.lastName" id="supporterLastName" class="form-text" autocomplete="off"> <label class="absolute text-md text-white w-full" for="supporterCountry">Leave blank</label> <input type="text" name="supporter.country" id="supporterCountry" class="form-text" autocomplete="off"> <input type="hidden" name="hp" value="supporter.country"> </div> <input name="supporter.questions.96991" type="hidden" value="Y"> <input checked="checked" name="supporter.questions.1748" type="hidden" value="Y"> <input type="hidden" name="subscribeTo" value="a2X3i0000001Nn4EAE"> <input type="hidden" name="subscribemd" value="1"> <input type="hidden" name="source" value="hrw_newsletter_rollup"> <input type="hidden" name="origin" value="Www_News_Rollup"> <input type="hidden" name="submitF" value="true"> <input type="submit" class="form-submit" value="Sign up" onclick="if (!this.form.reportValidity()) {return false;} this.form.submit(); this.disabled = true;" /> </form> <div class="confirmation-message processing hidden">Processing.. <img src="/themes/custom/hrw_design/dist/app-drupal/assets/loading.svg" alt="" class="ml-2 w-8 inline-block" aria-hidden="true"/> </div> <div class="confirmation-message complete hidden">Thank you for signing up!</div> <div class="confirmation-message error hidden">An error occurred while subscribing your email address. Please try again.</div> </div> </div> <div class="email-sign-up-bar__close cursor-pointer text-white flex items-center"> <div class="icon fill-current w-4 inline-block"> <svg viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor" role="img" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/hrw_design/dist/app-drupal/assets/spritemap.svg?cacheBuster=240611#sprite-close"></use> </svg> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> </div> <div> <footer class="footer bg-gray-900 text-gray-500 w-full pt-16 pb-32 px-6 xl:px-0" role="contentinfo"> <div class="footer__content flex max-w-sm mx-auto flex-wrap-reverse md:flex-no-wrap"> <div class="footer__main flex flex-col w-full"> <div class="footer__upper flex flex-col h-fit justify-between border-b border-gray-600 lg:flex-row"> <div class="footer__signup pb-4 border-b border-gray-600 lg:border-0"> <div class="signup-form" id="signup-form--footer-md-signup"> <label class="signup-form__header text-2xl font-sans text-white leading-snug" for="signup-email-address">Get Updates On Rights Issues Worldwide</label> <div class="signup-form__content pt-2"> <form id="footer-md-signup" action="/hrw-newsletter/subscribe" class="signup-form__form flex flex-wrap" method="post"> <input type="email" autocomplete="email" class="signup-form__input bg-gray-800 px-2 py-1 text-sm text-white" name="supporter.emailAddress" id="signup-email-address" required placeholder="Enter an email address" > <div class="hidden"> <label class="absolute text-md text-white w-full" for="supporterFirstName">Leave blank</label> <input type="text" name="supporter.firstName" id="supporterFirstName" class="form-text" autocomplete="off"> <label class="absolute text-md text-white w-full" for="supporterLastName">Leave blank</label> <input type="text" name="supporter.lastName" id="supporterLastName" class="form-text" autocomplete="off"> <label class="absolute text-md text-white w-full" for="supporterCountry">Leave blank</label> <input type="text" name="supporter.country" id="supporterCountry" class="form-text" autocomplete="off"> <input type="hidden" name="hp" value="supporter.country"> </div> <button type="submit" value="Sign Up" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm" onclick="if (!this.form.reportValidity()) {return false;} this.form.submit(); this.disabled = true;"> <span class="btn-text ">Sign Up</span> </button> <input name="supporter.questions.96991" type="hidden" value="Y"> <input checked="checked" name="supporter.questions.1748" type="hidden" value="Y"> <input type="hidden" name="subscribeTo" value="a2X3i0000001Nn4EAE"> <input type="hidden" name="subscribemd" value="1"> <input type="hidden" name="source" value="hrw_footer"> <input type="hidden" name="origin" value="Www_Global_Footer"> <input type="hidden" name="submitF" value="true"> </form> </div> </div> <div class="signup-form" id="signup-form--footer-alt-signup"> <label class="signup-form__header text-2xl font-sans text-white leading-snug" for="signup-email-address">Get Daily Updates On Rights Issues Worldwide</label> <div class="signup-form__content pt-2"> <form id="footer-alt-signup" action="/hrw-newsletter/subscribe" class="signup-form__form flex flex-wrap" method="post"> <input type="email" autocomplete="email" class="signup-form__input bg-gray-800 px-2 py-1 text-sm text-white" name="supporter.emailAddress" id="signup-email-address" required placeholder="Enter an email address" > <div class="hidden"> <label class="absolute text-md text-white w-full" for="supporterFirstName">Leave blank</label> <input type="text" name="supporter.firstName" id="supporterFirstName" class="form-text" autocomplete="off"> <label class="absolute text-md text-white w-full" for="supporterLastName">Leave blank</label> <input type="text" name="supporter.lastName" id="supporterLastName" class="form-text" autocomplete="off"> <label class="absolute text-md text-white w-full" for="supporterCountry">Leave blank</label> <input type="text" name="supporter.country" id="supporterCountry" class="form-text" autocomplete="off"> <input type="hidden" name="hp" value="supporter.country"> </div> <button type="submit" value="Sign Up" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm" onclick="if (!this.form.reportValidity()) {return false;} this.form.submit(); this.disabled = true;"> <span class="btn-text ">Sign Up</span> </button> <input name="supporter.questions.96991" type="hidden" value="Y"> <input checked="checked" name="supporter.questions.1748" type="hidden" value="Y"> <input type="hidden" name="subscribeTo" value="a2X3i0000001NmbEAE"> <input type="hidden" name="subscribemd" value="1"> <input type="hidden" name="source" value="hrw_footer"> <input type="hidden" name="origin" value="Www_Global_Footer"> <input type="hidden" name="submitF" value="true"> </form> </div> </div> <script> const formIds = ['signup-form--footer-md-signup', 'signup-form--footer-alt-signup']; let idToRemove = formIds[Math.floor(Math.random() * formIds.length)]; if (window.location.href.indexOf('location_override') > 0) { idToRemove = 'signup-form--footer-alt-signup'; } document.getElementById(idToRemove).remove(); </script> </div> <div class="footer__social pt-4 lg:pt-0"> <div class="social-links flex flex-wrap justify-between py-1 lg:flex-col lg:items-end"> <h2 class="social-links__heading text-white text-2xl font-light font-sans">Connect With Us</h2> <div class="social-links__content"> <ul class="social-links__items flex"> <li class="social-link__item px-1"> <a href="https://twitter.com/hrw" class="text-white text-3xl link-icon font-sans font-medium" title="X"> <span class="sr-only">X</span> <div class="icon fill-current w-6 inline-block"> <svg viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor" role="img" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/hrw_design/dist/app-drupal/assets/spritemap.svg?cacheBuster=240611#sprite-twitter-nopad"></use> </svg> </div> </a> </li> <li class="social-link__item px-1"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/HumanRightsWatch" class="text-white text-3xl link-icon font-sans font-medium" title="Facebook"> <span class="sr-only">Facebook</span> <div class="icon fill-current w-6 inline-block"> <svg viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor" role="img" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/hrw_design/dist/app-drupal/assets/spritemap.svg?cacheBuster=240611#sprite-facebook"></use> </svg> </div> </a> </li> <li class="social-link__item px-1"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/HumanRightsWatch" class="text-white text-3xl link-icon font-sans font-medium" title="YouTube"> <span class="sr-only">YouTube</span> <div class="icon fill-current w-6 inline-block"> <svg viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor" role="img" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/hrw_design/dist/app-drupal/assets/spritemap.svg?cacheBuster=240611#sprite-youtube"></use> </svg> </div> </a> </li> <li class="social-link__item px-1"> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/humanrightswatch/" class="text-white text-3xl link-icon font-sans font-medium" title="Instagram"> <span class="sr-only">Instagram</span> <div class="icon fill-current w-6 inline-block"> <svg viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor" role="img" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/hrw_design/dist/app-drupal/assets/spritemap.svg?cacheBuster=240611#sprite-instagram"></use> </svg> </div> </a> </li> <li class="social-link__item px-1"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/human-rights-watch/" class="text-white text-3xl link-icon font-sans font-medium" title="LinkedIn"> <span class="sr-only">LinkedIn</span> <div class="icon fill-current w-6 inline-block"> <svg viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor" role="img" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/hrw_design/dist/app-drupal/assets/spritemap.svg?cacheBuster=240611#sprite-linkedin"></use> </svg> </div> </a> </li> <li class="social-link__item px-1"> <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@humanrightswatch" class="text-white text-3xl link-icon font-sans font-medium" title="TikTok"> <span class="sr-only">TikTok</span> <div class="icon fill-current w-6 inline-block"> <svg viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor" role="img" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/hrw_design/dist/app-drupal/assets/spritemap.svg?cacheBuster=240611#sprite-tiktok"></use> </svg> </div> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer__lower flex flex-col max-w-sm"> <div class="flex flex-col justify-between border-b border-gray-600 lg:flex-row"> <div class="footer__region-content"> <nav role="navigation" class="inline-block" aria-labelledby="block-hrw-design-footer-menu" id="block-hrw-design-footer"><h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-hrw-design-footer-menu">Footer menu</h2><div class="footer-nav"><ul class="nav-list py-2"><li class="nav-item inline-block my-2 px-2 leading-none border-r border-gray-500"><a href="/contact-us" class="nav-lint text-sm text-white hover:underline focus:underline">Contact Us</a></li><li class="nav-item inline-block my-2 px-2 leading-none border-r border-gray-500"><a href="/corrections" class="nav-lint text-sm text-white hover:underline focus:underline">Corrections</a></li><li class="nav-item inline-block my-2 px-2 leading-none border-r border-gray-500"><a href="/privacy-policy" class="nav-lint text-sm text-white hover:underline focus:underline">Privacy Policy</a></li><li class="nav-item inline-block my-2 px-2 leading-none border-r border-gray-500"><a href="/permissions" class="nav-lint text-sm text-white hover:underline focus:underline">Permissions</a></li><li class="nav-item inline-block my-2 px-2 leading-none border-r border-gray-500"><a href="/sitemap" class="nav-lint text-sm text-white hover:underline focus:underline">Site Map</a></li><li class="nav-item inline-block my-2 px-2 leading-none border-r border-gray-500"><a href="/child-safeguarding-human-rights-watch" class="nav-lint text-sm text-white hover:underline focus:underline">Child Safeguarding</a></li></ul></div></nav><div class="inline-block my-4" id="block-hrw-textonly-link"> <a href="//text.hrw.org/americas/colombia" class="inline-block text-sm text-white leading-none px-2 hover:underline focus:underline" hreflang="en">Text Version</a> </div> </div> <span class="copyright text-sm text-gray-500 py-4 border-t border-gray-600 my-auto lg:py-2 lg:border-0">© 2025 Human Rights Watch</span> </div> <div class="footer__info flex-col"> <div class="footer__info-address v-card font-sans text-gray-500 text-sm py-2 flex-row"> <strong>Human Rights Watch</strong> | 350 Fifth Avenue, 34th Floor | New York, <abbr>NY</abbr> 10118-3299 <abbr>USA</abbr> | <strong>t</strong> 1.212.290.4700 </div> <div class="footer__info-reg py-2"> <p class="text-sm text-gray-500 font-sans"><strong>Human Rights Watch </strong> is a 501(C)(3) nonprofit registered in the US under EIN: 13-2875808</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer__logo block w-24 text-white mx-auto mb-10 md:m-0 md:ml-auto md:pl-8 md:w-auto"> <a href="https://www.hrw.org/"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="180" height="180" viewBox="0 0 700 700" preserveAspectRatio="xMinYMin" class="max-w-full h-auto"><title>Human Rights Watch</title><path fill="#0071CE" d="M0 700h700V0H0z"/><path fill="#fff" d="M177 232v-56h-12v22h-16v-22h-11v56h11v-25h16v25zm94-18v-38h-12v41c0 4-3 6-8 6-4 0-7-1-8-4l-1-6v-37h-11v39c0 5 0 7 2 10 3 5 9 8 18 8 12 0 18-6 19-11l1-8zm110 18l-5-56h-14l-8 28-2 9-2-9-7-28h-15l-5 56h11l2-29 1-11 2 10 8 30h10l8-31 3-8v9l2 30h11zm94 0l-17-56h-12l-19 56h12l4-13h16l4 13h12zm-18-23h-11l3-10 2-11 3 10 3 11zm105 23v-56h-11l1 23 1 15-7-16-10-22h-13v56h11v-24l-1-16 8 18 9 22h12zM178 380l-13-22-2-3c7 0 12-7 12-15 0-10-6-17-16-17h-21v57h11v-24l2 1c2 1 3 3 9 13l5 10h13zm-15-40c0 3 0 5-2 6-1 1-3 2-8 2h-4v-15h10c3 1 4 4 4 7zm70 40v-57h-12v57zm88-5v-27h-22l2 10h8v12l-6 2c-4 0-7-1-9-3-3-3-4-8-4-16 0-9 1-15 5-18 2-2 4-3 8-3s8 1 11 4l6-7c-4-4-11-6-17-6s-10 1-14 4c-8 5-12 13-12 25 0 8 2 14 6 20 5 5 11 8 19 8 7 0 13-1 19-5zm85 5v-57h-11v22h-16v-22h-12v57h12v-25h16v25zm83-57h-41v10h14v47h12v-47h13zm78 39c0-8-5-14-14-17l-7-2c-5-1-6-2-6-5 0-4 3-7 8-7 4 0 8 1 13 5l5-9c-5-3-12-5-19-5-12 0-20 7-20 17l3 9c2 3 5 5 11 7l6 1c5 2 7 4 7 8 0 5-3 7-10 7-5 0-10-1-15-4l-4 9c5 3 13 5 19 5 14 0 23-8 23-19zM199 471h-12l-4 21-3 19-3-15-5-25h-12l-5 23-3 18-3-19-5-22h-12l14 57h12l5-23 3-16 2 16 5 23h13l13-57zm95 56l-17-56h-13l-18 56h12l4-13h16l4 13h12zm-19-22h-10a160 160 0 005-22 1386 1386 0 015 22zm103-34h-40v10h14v46h11v-46h13zm90 52l-5-7c-4 3-7 3-10 3-5 0-8-2-11-6-1-3-2-7-2-15 0-6 1-11 3-14s6-5 10-5l9 3 5-8c-3-2-9-4-15-4-9 0-17 5-21 13-3 5-4 10-4 17 0 9 2 15 7 20 5 6 11 8 18 8s11-1 16-5zm94 4v-56h-11v22h-16v-22h-12v56h12v-25h16v25z"/></svg> </a> </div> </div> </footer> <div id="hrw-design-cookie-container"></div> </div> </div> <script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.dataLayer.push({"drupalLanguage":"en","drupalCountry":null,"siteName":"Human Rights Watch","entityType":"taxonomy_term","entityBundle":"region_country","entityId":"9513","entityTitle":"Colombia","entityTaxonomy":{"region_country":{"9513":"Colombia"}},"userUid":0});</script> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"taxonomy\/term\/9513","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"dataLayer":{"defaultLang":"en","languages":{"en":{"id":"en","name":"English","direction":"ltr","weight":-40},"hy":{"id":"hy","name":"Armenian","direction":"ltr","weight":-39},"sq":{"id":"sq","name":"Albanian","direction":"ltr","weight":-38},"am":{"id":"am","name":"Amharic","direction":"ltr","weight":-37},"ar":{"id":"ar","name":"Arabic","direction":"rtl","weight":-36},"ay":{"id":"ay","name":"Aymara","direction":"ltr","weight":-35},"az":{"id":"az","name":"Azerbaijani","direction":"ltr","weight":-34},"be":{"id":"be","name":"Belarusian","direction":"ltr","weight":-33},"bn":{"id":"bn","name":"Bengali","direction":"ltr","weight":-32},"bs":{"id":"bs","name":"Bosnian","direction":"ltr","weight":-31},"sh":{"id":"sh","name":"Bosnian\/Croatian\/Serbian","direction":"ltr","weight":-30},"bg":{"id":"bg","name":"Bulgarian","direction":"ltr","weight":-29},"my":{"id":"my","name":"Burmese","direction":"ltr","weight":-28},"ca":{"id":"ca","name":"Catalan","direction":"ltr","weight":-27},"ceb":{"id":"ceb","name":"Cebuano","direction":"ltr","weight":-26},"zh-hans":{"id":"zh-hans","name":"Chinese, Simplified","direction":"ltr","weight":-25},"zh-hant":{"id":"zh-hant","name":"Chinese, Traditional","direction":"ltr","weight":-24},"hr":{"id":"hr","name":"Croatian","direction":"ltr","weight":-23},"cs":{"id":"cs","name":"Czech","direction":"ltr","weight":-22},"da":{"id":"da","name":"Danish","direction":"ltr","weight":-21},"gbz":{"id":"gbz","name":"Dari","direction":"rtl","weight":-20},"dv":{"id":"dv","name":"Dhivehi","direction":"rtl","weight":-19},"nl":{"id":"nl","name":"Dutch","direction":"ltr","weight":-18},"et":{"id":"et","name":"Estonian","direction":"ltr","weight":-17},"fi":{"id":"fi","name":"Finnish","direction":"ltr","weight":-16},"fr":{"id":"fr","name":"French","direction":"ltr","weight":-15},"ka":{"id":"ka","name":"Georgian","direction":"ltr","weight":-14},"de":{"id":"de","name":"German","direction":"ltr","weight":-13},"el":{"id":"el","name":"Greek","direction":"ltr","weight":-12},"ht":{"id":"ht","name":"Haitian Creole","direction":"ltr","weight":-11},"he":{"id":"he","name":"Hebrew","direction":"rtl","weight":-10},"hi":{"id":"hi","name":"Hindi","direction":"ltr","weight":-9},"hu":{"id":"hu","name":"Hungarian","direction":"ltr","weight":-8},"id":{"id":"id","name":"Indonesian","direction":"ltr","weight":-7},"it":{"id":"it","name":"Italian","direction":"ltr","weight":-6},"ja":{"id":"ja","name":"Japanese","direction":"ltr","weight":-5},"kk":{"id":"kk","name":"Kazakh","direction":"ltr","weight":-4},"km":{"id":"km","name":"Khmer","direction":"ltr","weight":-3},"rw":{"id":"rw","name":"Kinyarwanda","direction":"ltr","weight":-2},"ko":{"id":"ko","name":"Korean","direction":"ltr","weight":-1},"ku":{"id":"ku","name":"Kurdish","direction":"ltr","weight":0},"ky":{"id":"ky","name":"Kyrgyz","direction":"ltr","weight":1},"lv":{"id":"lv","name":"Latvian","direction":"ltr","weight":2},"lt":{"id":"lt","name":"Lithuanian","direction":"ltr","weight":3},"mk":{"id":"mk","name":"Macedonian","direction":"ltr","weight":4},"ms":{"id":"ms","name":"Malay","direction":"ltr","weight":5},"mr":{"id":"mr","name":"Marathi","direction":"ltr","weight":6},"ne":{"id":"ne","name":"Nepali","direction":"ltr","weight":7},"nb":{"id":"nb","name":"Norwegian Bokm\u00e5l","direction":"ltr","weight":8},"nn":{"id":"nn","name":"Norwegian Nynorsk","direction":"ltr","weight":9},"om":{"id":"om","name":"Oromo","direction":"ltr","weight":10},"ps":{"id":"ps","name":"Pashto","direction":"rtl","weight":11},"fa":{"id":"fa","name":"Persian","direction":"rtl","weight":12},"pl":{"id":"pl","name":"Polish","direction":"ltr","weight":13},"pt":{"id":"pt","name":"Portuguese, International","direction":"ltr","weight":14},"qu":{"id":"qu","name":"Quechua","direction":"ltr","weight":15},"rom":{"id":"rom","name":"Romani","direction":"ltr","weight":16},"ro":{"id":"ro","name":"Romanian","direction":"ltr","weight":17},"ru":{"id":"ru","name":"Russian","direction":"ltr","weight":18},"sr":{"id":"sr","name":"Serbian","direction":"ltr","weight":19},"si":{"id":"si","name":"Sinhalese","direction":"ltr","weight":20},"sk":{"id":"sk","name":"Slovak","direction":"ltr","weight":21},"sl":{"id":"sl","name":"Slovenian","direction":"ltr","weight":22},"so":{"id":"so","name":"Somali","direction":"ltr","weight":23},"ku-so":{"id":"ku-so","name":"Sorani","direction":"rtl","weight":24},"es":{"id":"es","name":"Spanish","direction":"ltr","weight":25},"sw":{"id":"sw","name":"Swahili","direction":"ltr","weight":26},"sv":{"id":"sv","name":"Swedish","direction":"ltr","weight":27},"tl":{"id":"tl","name":"Tagalog","direction":"ltr","weight":28},"tg":{"id":"tg","name":"Tajik","direction":"ltr","weight":29},"ta":{"id":"ta","name":"Tamil","direction":"ltr","weight":30},"tet":{"id":"tet","name":"Tetum","direction":"ltr","weight":31},"th":{"id":"th","name":"Thai","direction":"ltr","weight":32},"vi":{"id":"vi","name":"Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t","direction":"ltr","weight":33},"ti":{"id":"ti","name":"Tigrinya","direction":"ltr","weight":34},"tr":{"id":"tr","name":"Turkish","direction":"ltr","weight":35},"tk":{"id":"tk","name":"Turkmen","direction":"ltr","weight":36},"uk":{"id":"uk","name":"Ukrainian","direction":"ltr","weight":37},"ur":{"id":"ur","name":"Urdu","direction":"rtl","weight":38},"uz":{"id":"uz","name":"Uzbek","direction":"ltr","weight":39}}},"data":{"extlink":{"extTarget":true,"extTargetAppendNewWindowLabel":"(opens in a new window)","extTargetNoOverride":true,"extNofollow":false,"extTitleNoOverride":true,"extNoreferrer":true,"extFollowNoOverride":false,"extClass":"0","extLabel":"(link is external)","extImgClass":false,"extSubdomains":true,"extExclude":"","extInclude":"","extCssExclude":"","extCssInclude":"","extCssExplicit":"","extAlert":false,"extAlertText":"This link will take you to an external web site. We are not responsible for their content.","extHideIcons":false,"mailtoClass":"0","telClass":"0","mailtoLabel":"(link sends email)","telLabel":"","extUseFontAwesome":false,"extIconPlacement":"before","extPreventOrphan":false,"extFaLinkClasses":"fa fa-external-link","extFaMailtoClasses":"fa fa-envelope-o","extAdditionalLinkClasses":"","extAdditionalMailtoClasses":"","extAdditionalTelClasses":"","extFaTelClasses":"fa fa-phone","whitelistedDomains":["hrw.org","www.hrw.org"],"extExcludeNoreferrer":""}},"hrwHeader":{"data":[{"id":"menu_link_content:2cddc307-64ce-4763-90a6-8129bf70afe4","text":"Countries","url":"","sub":{"type":"countries","data":[{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9450","text":"Africa","url":"\/africa","sub":{"data":[{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9935","text":"African Union","url":"\/africa\/african-union"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9457","text":"Angola","url":"\/africa\/angola"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9460","text":"Burkina Faso","url":"\/africa\/burkina-faso"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9461","text":"Burundi","url":"\/africa\/burundi"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9462","text":"Cameroon","url":"\/africa\/cameroon"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9464","text":"Central African Republic","url":"\/africa\/central-african-republic"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9465","text":"Chad","url":"\/africa\/chad"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9468","text":"C\u00f4te d\u0027Ivoire","url":"\/africa\/cote-divoire"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9469","text":"Democratic Republic of Congo","url":"\/africa\/democratic-republic-congo"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9471","text":"Equatorial Guinea","url":"\/africa\/equatorial-guinea"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9472","text":"Eritrea","url":"\/africa\/eritrea"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9498","text":"Eswatini (formerly Swaziland)","url":"\/africa\/eswatini"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9473","text":"Ethiopia","url":"\/africa\/ethiopia"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9475","text":"Gambia","url":"\/africa\/gambia"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9476","text":"Ghana","url":"\/africa\/ghana"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9477","text":"Guinea","url":"\/africa\/guinea"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9479","text":"Kenya","url":"\/africa\/kenya"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9481","text":"Liberia","url":"\/africa\/liberia"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9483","text":"Malawi","url":"\/africa\/malawi"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9484","text":"Mali","url":"\/africa\/mali"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9904","text":"Mauritius","url":"\/africa\/mauritius"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9486","text":"Mozambique","url":"\/africa\/mozambique"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9488","text":"Niger","url":"\/africa\/niger"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9489","text":"Nigeria","url":"\/africa\/nigeria"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9490","text":"Rwanda","url":"\/africa\/rwanda"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9491","text":"Senegal","url":"\/africa\/senegal"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9493","text":"Sierra Leone","url":"\/africa\/sierra-leone"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9494","text":"Somalia","url":"\/africa\/somalia"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9495","text":"South Africa","url":"\/africa\/south-africa"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9496","text":"South Sudan","url":"\/africa\/south-sudan"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9497","text":"Sudan","url":"\/africa\/sudan"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9499","text":"Tanzania","url":"\/africa\/tanzania"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9501","text":"Uganda","url":"\/africa\/uganda"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9502","text":"Zambia","url":"\/africa\/zambia"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9503","text":"Zimbabwe","url":"\/africa\/zimbabwe"}]}},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9451","text":"Americas","url":"\/americas","sub":{"data":[{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9505","text":"Argentina","url":"\/americas\/argentina"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9509","text":"Bolivia","url":"\/americas\/bolivia"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9510","text":"Brazil","url":"\/americas\/brazil"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9511","text":"Canada","url":"\/americas\/canada"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9512","text":"Chile","url":"\/americas\/chile"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9513","text":"Colombia","url":"\/americas\/colombia"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9514","text":"Costa Rica","url":"\/americas\/costa-rica"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9515","text":"Cuba","url":"\/americas\/cuba"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9516","text":"Dominican Republic","url":"\/americas\/dominican-republic"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9517","text":"Ecuador","url":"\/americas\/ecuador"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9518","text":"El Salvador","url":"\/americas\/el-salvador"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9521","text":"Guatemala","url":"\/americas\/guatemala"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9523","text":"Haiti","url":"\/americas\/haiti"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9524","text":"Honduras","url":"\/americas\/honduras"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9525","text":"Jamaica","url":"\/americas\/jamaica"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9526","text":"Mexico","url":"\/americas\/mexico"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9527","text":"Nicaragua","url":"\/americas\/nicaragua"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9528","text":"Panama","url":"\/americas\/panama"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9529","text":"Paraguay","url":"\/americas\/paraguay"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9530","text":"Peru","url":"\/americas\/peru"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9536","text":"Uruguay","url":"\/americas\/uruguay"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9537","text":"Venezuela","url":"\/americas\/venezuela"}]}},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9452","text":"Asia","url":"\/asia","sub":{"data":[{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9538","text":"Afghanistan","url":"\/asia\/afghanistan"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9539","text":"Australia","url":"\/asia\/australia"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9540","text":"Bangladesh","url":"\/asia\/bangladesh"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9541","text":"Bhutan","url":"\/asia\/bhutan"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9542","text":"Brunei","url":"\/asia\/brunei"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9544","text":"Cambodia","url":"\/asia\/cambodia"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9545","text":"China and Tibet","url":"\/asia\/china-and-tibet"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9549","text":"Fiji","url":"\/asia\/fiji"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9550","text":"India","url":"\/asia\/india"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9551","text":"Indonesia","url":"\/asia\/indonesia"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9552","text":"Japan","url":"\/asia\/japan"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9554","text":"Laos","url":"\/asia\/laos"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9555","text":"Malaysia","url":"\/asia\/malaysia"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9556","text":"Maldives","url":"\/asia\/maldives"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9543","text":"Myanmar (Burma)","url":"\/asia\/myanmar-burma"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9559","text":"Nauru","url":"\/asia\/nauru"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9560","text":"Nepal","url":"\/asia\/nepal"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9563","text":"North Korea","url":"\/asia\/north-korea"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9564","text":"Pakistan","url":"\/asia\/pakistan"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9566","text":"Papua New Guinea","url":"\/asia\/papua-new-guinea"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9567","text":"Philippines","url":"\/asia\/philippines"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9569","text":"Singapore","url":"\/asia\/singapore"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9571","text":"South Korea","url":"\/asia\/south-korea"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9572","text":"Sri Lanka","url":"\/asia\/sri-lanka"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9573","text":"Taiwan","url":"\/asia\/taiwan"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9574","text":"Thailand","url":"\/asia\/thailand"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9547","text":"Timor-Leste","url":"\/asia\/timor-leste"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9578","text":"Vietnam","url":"\/asia\/vietnam"}]}},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9453","text":"Europe\/Central Asia","url":"\/europe\/central-asia","sub":{"data":[{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9579","text":"Albania","url":"\/europe\/central-asia\/albania"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9581","text":"Armenia","url":"\/europe\/central-asia\/armenia"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9583","text":"Azerbaijan","url":"\/europe\/central-asia\/azerbaijan"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9584","text":"Belarus","url":"\/europe\/central-asia\/belarus"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9585","text":"Belgium","url":"\/europe\/central-asia\/belgium"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9586","text":"Bosnia and Herzegovina","url":"\/europe\/central-asia\/bosnia-and-herzegovina"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9587","text":"Bulgaria","url":"\/europe\/central-asia\/bulgaria"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9588","text":"Croatia","url":"\/europe\/central-asia\/croatia"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9590","text":"Czech Republic","url":"\/europe\/central-asia\/czech-republic"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9591","text":"Denmark","url":"\/europe\/central-asia\/denmark"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9593","text":"European Union","url":"\/europe\/central-asia\/european-union"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9595","text":"France","url":"\/europe\/central-asia\/france"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9596","text":"Georgia","url":"\/europe\/central-asia\/georgia"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9597","text":"Germany","url":"\/europe\/central-asia\/germany"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9598","text":"Greece","url":"\/europe\/central-asia\/greece"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9599","text":"Holy See","url":"\/europe\/central-asia\/holy-see"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9600","text":"Hungary","url":"\/europe\/central-asia\/hungary"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9602","text":"Ireland","url":"\/europe\/central-asia\/ireland"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9603","text":"Italy","url":"\/europe\/central-asia\/italy"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9604","text":"Kazakhstan","url":"\/europe\/central-asia\/kazakhstan"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9605","text":"Kyrgyzstan","url":"\/europe\/central-asia\/kyrgyzstan"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9606","text":"Latvia","url":"\/europe\/central-asia\/latvia"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9608","text":"Lithuania","url":"\/europe\/central-asia\/lithuania"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9614","text":"Netherlands","url":"\/europa-und-zentralasien\/netherlands"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9615","text":"Norway","url":"\/europe\/central-asia\/norway"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9616","text":"Poland","url":"\/europe\/central-asia\/poland"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9617","text":"Portugal","url":"\/europe\/central-asia\/portugal"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9618","text":"Romania","url":"\/europe\/central-asia\/romania"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9619","text":"Russia","url":"\/europe\/central-asia\/russia"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9621","text":"Serbia\/Kosovo","url":"\/europe\/central-asia\/serbia\/kosovo"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9624","text":"Spain","url":"\/europe\/central-asia\/spain"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9625","text":"Sweden","url":"\/europe\/central-asia\/sweden"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9626","text":"Switzerland","url":"\/europe\/central-asia\/switzerland"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9627","text":"Tajikistan","url":"\/europe\/central-asia\/tajikistan"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9628","text":"T\u00fcrkiye","url":"\/europe\/central-asia\/turkey"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9629","text":"Turkmenistan","url":"\/europe\/central-asia\/turkmenistan"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9630","text":"Ukraine","url":"\/europe\/central-asia\/ukraine"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9631","text":"United Kingdom","url":"\/europe\/central-asia\/united-kingdom"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9632","text":"Uzbekistan","url":"\/europe\/central-asia\/uzbekistan"}]}},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9455","text":"Middle East\/North Africa","url":"\/middle-east\/north-africa","sub":{"data":[{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9633","text":"Algeria","url":"\/middle-east\/north-africa\/algeria"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9634","text":"Bahrain","url":"\/middle-east\/north-africa\/bahrain"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9635","text":"Egypt","url":"\/middle-east\/n-africa\/egypt"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9636","text":"Iran","url":"\/middle-east\/north-africa\/iran"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9637","text":"Iraq","url":"\/middle-east\/north-africa\/iraq"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9638","text":"Israel\/Palestine","url":"\/middle-east\/north-africa\/israel\/palestine"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9639","text":"Jordan","url":"\/middle-east\/n-africa\/jordan"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9640","text":"Kuwait","url":"\/middle-east\/n-africa\/kuwait"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9641","text":"Lebanon","url":"\/middle-east\/n-africa\/lebanon"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9642","text":"Libya","url":"\/middle-east\/n-africa\/libya"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9485","text":"Mauritania","url":"\/mauritania"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9644","text":"Morocco\/Western Sahara","url":"\/middle-east\/north-africa\/morocco\/western-sahara"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9645","text":"Oman","url":"\/middle-east\/n-africa\/oman"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9646","text":"Qatar","url":"\/middle-east\/north-africa\/qatar"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9647","text":"Saudi Arabia","url":"\/middle-east\/north-africa\/saudi-arabia"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9648","text":"Syria","url":"\/middle-east\/n-africa\/syria"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9649","text":"Tunisia","url":"\/middle-east\/north-africa\/tunisia"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9650","text":"United Arab Emirates","url":"\/middle-east\/north-africa\/united-arab-emirates"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9651","text":"Yemen","url":"\/middle-east\/n-africa\/yemen"}]}},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9456","text":"United States","url":"\/united-states","sub":{"data":[{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9785","text":"Criminal Justice","url":"\/united-states\/criminal-justice"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9918","text":"Democracy","url":"\/united-states\/democracy"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9855","text":"Economic Justice","url":"\/united-states\/economic-justice"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9659","text":"Immigrants\u2019 Rights and Border Policy","url":"\/united-states\/immigration"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9856","text":"Racial Justice","url":"\/united-states\/racial-justice"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9653","text":"US Foreign Policy","url":"\/united-states\/us-foreign-policy"}]}}]}},{"id":"menu_link_content:73c3de2d-949e-4270-b46c-a51cba0071a9","text":"Topics","url":"","sub":{"type":"list","data":[{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9681","text":"Arms","url":"\/topic\/arms","sub":{"data":[{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9703","text":"Cluster Munitions","url":"\/topic\/arms\/cluster-munitions"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9705","text":"Killer Robots","url":"\/topic\/arms\/killer-robots"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9706","text":"Landmines","url":"\/topic\/arms\/landmines"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9810","text":"Explosive Weapons in Populated Areas","url":"\/topic\/arms\/explosive-weapons-populated-areas"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9704","text":"Incendiary Weapons","url":"\/topic\/arms\/incendiary-weapons"}]}},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9683","text":"Children\u0027s Rights","url":"\/topic\/childrens-rights","sub":{"data":[{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9713","text":"Education","url":"\/topic\/childrens-rights\/education"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9714","text":"Attacks on Education","url":"\/topic\/childrens-rights\/attacks-education"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9712","text":"Children and Armed Conflict","url":"\/topic\/childrens-rights\/children-and-armed-conflict"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9711","text":"Child Labor","url":"\/topic\/childrens-rights\/child-labor"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9715","text":"Youth Justice","url":"\/topic\/childrens-rights\/youth-justice"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9717","text":"Migrant and Refugee Children","url":"\/topic\/childrens-rights\/refugees-and-migrants"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9870","text":"Intersex Children","url":"\/topic\/childrens-rights\/intersex-children"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9716","text":"Children Separated from Families","url":"\/topic\/childrens-rights\/children-separated-from-families"}]}},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9861","text":"Crisis and Conflict","url":"\/topic\/crisis-and-conflict"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9685","text":"Disability Rights","url":"\/topic\/disability-rights","sub":{"data":[{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9910","text":"Shackling","url":"\/topic\/disability-rights\/shackling"}]}},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9682","text":"Economic Justice and Rights","url":"\/topic\/economic-justice-and-rights","sub":{"data":[{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9898","text":"Corporate Accountability","url":"\/topic\/economic-justice-and-rights\/corporate-accountability"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9871","text":"Poverty and Inequality","url":"\/topic\/economic-justice-and-rights\/poverty-and-inequality"}]}},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9686","text":"Environment and Human Rights","url":"\/topic\/environment","sub":{"data":[{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9876","text":"Climate Change","url":"\/topic\/climate-change"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9877","text":"Deforestation","url":"\/topic\/environment\/deforestation"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9878","text":"Fossil Fuels","url":"\/topic\/environment\/fossil-fuels"}]}},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9688","text":"Free Speech","url":"\/topic\/free-speech","sub":{"data":[{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9763","text":"Press Freedom","url":"\/topic\/free-speech\/press-freedom"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9764","text":"Religious Freedom","url":"\/topic\/free-speech\/religious-freedom"}]}},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9689","text":"Health","url":"\/topic\/health","sub":{"data":[{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9732","text":"Sexual and Reproductive Health","url":"\/topic\/health\/sexual-and-reproductive-health"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9726","text":"Detention Centers","url":"\/topic\/health\/detention-centers"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9727","text":"Disasters and Displaced Populations","url":"\/topic\/health\/disasters-and-displaced-populations"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9728","text":"Environment and Health","url":"\/topic\/health\/environment-and-health"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9729","text":"Health Care Access","url":"\/topic\/health\/health-care-access"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9730","text":"HIV\/AIDS and Tuberculosis","url":"\/topic\/health\/hiv\/aids-and-tuberculosis"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9731","text":"Palliative Care","url":"\/topic\/health\/palliative-care"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9808","text":"Attacks on Health","url":"\/topic\/health\/attacks-health"}]}},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9691","text":"LGBT Rights","url":"\/topic\/lgbt-rights"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9693","text":"Refugees and Migrants","url":"\/topic\/refugees-and-migrants","sub":{"data":[{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9741","text":"Asylum Seekers","url":"\/topic\/refugees-and-migrants\/asylum-seekers"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9742","text":"Internally Displaced People","url":"\/topic\/refugees-and-migrants\/internally-displaced-people"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9740","text":"Exploitation, Forced Labor \u0026 Trafficking","url":"\/topic\/refugees-and-migrants\/exploitation-forced-labor-trafficking"}]}},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9813","text":"Rights of Older People","url":"\/topic\/rights-older-people"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9690","text":"International Justice","url":"\/topic\/international-justice","sub":{"data":[{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9735","text":"International Criminal Court","url":"\/topic\/international-justice\/international-criminal-court"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9737","text":"Peace and Justice","url":"\/topic\/international-justice\/peace-and-justice"}]}},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9762","text":"Technology and Rights","url":"\/topic\/technology-and-rights","sub":{"data":[{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9902","text":"Digital Investigations Lab","url":"\/topic\/technology-and-rights\/digital-investigations-lab"}]}},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9684","text":"Terrorism \/ Counterterrorism","url":"\/topic\/terrorism-counterterrorism","sub":{"data":[{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9720","text":"CIA Activities","url":"\/topic\/terrorism\/counterterrorism\/cia-activities"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9721","text":"Detention without Trial","url":"\/topic\/terrorism-counterterrorism\/detention-without-trial"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9722","text":"Edward Snowden","url":"\/topic\/terrorism-counterterrorism\/edward-snowden"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9723","text":"Guantanamo","url":"\/topic\/terrorism-counterterrorism\/guantanamo"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9724","text":"Guantanamo - Military Commissions","url":"\/topic\/terrorism-counterterrorism\/guantanamo-military-commissions"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9725","text":"Targeted Killings and Drones","url":"\/topic\/terrorism-counterterrorism\/targeted-killings-and-drones"}]}},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9696","text":"Torture","url":"\/topic\/torture"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9697","text":"United Nations","url":"\/topic\/united-nations","sub":{"data":[{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9744","text":"Human Rights Council","url":"\/topic\/united-nations\/human-rights-council"}]}},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9698","text":"Women\u0027s Rights","url":"\/topic\/womens-rights","sub":{"data":[{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9746","text":"Forced Marriage","url":"\/topic\/womens-rights\/forced-marriage"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9747","text":"Gender Based Violence","url":"\/topic\/womens-rights\/gender-based-violence"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9748","text":"Domestic Workers","url":"\/topic\/womens-rights\/domestic-workers"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9757","text":"Gender Equality","url":"\/topic\/womens-rights\/gender-equality"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9752","text":"Reproductive Rights","url":"\/topic\/womens-rights\/reproductive-rights"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9753","text":"Sexual Violence","url":"\/topic\/womens-rights\/sexual-violence"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9840","text":"Labor Rights","url":"\/topic\/womens-rights\/labor-rights"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9920","text":"Sex Work","url":"\/topic\/womens-rights\/sex-work"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9805","text":"Women and Armed Conflict","url":"\/topic\/womens-rights\/women-and-armed-conflict"},{"id":"taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.topic.9811","text":"Women\u2019s Health","url":"\/topic\/womens-rights\/womens-health"}]}}]}},{"id":"menu_link_content:688f2c40-b121-4f88-9b77-ab9843172122","text":"Reports","url":"\/publications"},{"id":"menu_link_content:bdabecec-539f-481a-bd96-8330a90e11f4","text":"Video \u0026 Photos","url":"\/video-photos"},{"id":"menu_link_content:44a0b2bc-0a01-41c2-ab89-1f9a122d54f7","text":"Impact","url":"\/impact"},{"id":"menu_link_content:16a16958-2180-4210-b758-10627e179382","text":"Take Action","url":"\/take-action"},{"id":"menu_link_content:84b24d98-ad08-4460-bf04-66042e2169be","text":"Join Us","url":"","sub":{"type":"list","data":[{"id":"menu_link_content:100b8237-f160-4bdc-9a91-f0f5300c4afe","text":"Our Committees","url":"\/join-us\/human-rights-watch-council"},{"id":"menu_link_content:a999d85f-2064-4e0f-834c-d662e2a5b798","text":"Film Festival","url":"https:\/\/ff.hrw.org\/news\/human-rights-watch-end-its-celebrated-film-festival"},{"id":"menu_link_content:0feaff34-a33a-4cc8-9150-14fd0169d7d2","text":"Newsletters","url":"\/newsletters"},{"id":"menu_link_content:e0c2f12e-f8e4-4279-a533-d80e5ccbefc1","text":"Legacies for Justice","url":"https:\/\/legacy.hrw.org\/legacies-for-justice-society"},{"id":"menu_link_content:50ceb9b0-d273-480b-be7a-8e1a16855589","text":"Voices for Justice","url":"\/join-us\/voices-for-justice"}]}},{"id":"menu_link_content:1e9465e3-d8ab-4c32-9a9d-931a2f8f2ee6","text":"About","url":"","sub":{"type":"list","data":[{"id":"menu_link_content:c886a3d6-09c0-4096-bc30-d6ffc1148060","text":"Careers","url":"\/careers"},{"id":"menu_link_content:4779f30c-10fe-4d29-9fdf-017d4b053fc5","text":"About Us","url":"\/about-us","sub":{"data":[{"id":"menu_link_content:9f8bfec4-b2bb-4b60-8b66-5ffc27210fab","text":"History","url":"\/about\/about-us\/history"}]}},{"id":"menu_link_content:310bd01c-9d16-4c34-9b23-6604b3d181a9","text":"People","url":"\/about\/people","sub":{"data":[{"id":"menu_link_content:d2f6e4ff-b631-46ae-a7e3-8ac7c5c1829d","text":"Board of Directors","url":"\/about\/people\/board-directors"},{"id":"menu_link_content:b02522ff-0596-41b8-8172-860dadadc458","text":"Advisory Committees","url":"\/about\/people\/advisory-committees"}]}},{"id":"menu_link_content:9024bfba-62a8-47dd-9886-13ce86585a28","text":"Social Media","url":"\/about\/social-media"},{"id":"menu_link_content:176aa7b8-32e6-4584-bce1-e37c853c6aeb","text":"Human Rights Education","url":"\/students-and-educators"},{"id":"menu_link_content:3ae9a269-bb44-4a98-a86b-d28959c2c436","text":"Financials and Fundraising Policy","url":"\/financials"},{"id":"menu_link_content:b99911d7-9d45-4491-8dfd-985c4667d6f8","text":"Accessibility","url":"\/about\/accessibility"},{"id":"menu_link_content:43ff1889-b3e7-42eb-999a-f429c1a3b2a0","text":"Contact","url":"\/contact-us"}]}},{"id":"menu_link_content:c8cfbd7f-a8a7-4393-9e73-30d8c4fff1cb","text":"Give Now","url":"","sub":{"type":"list","data":[{"id":"menu_link_content:4308130f-0b2e-47a5-8221-b0562d69bc2b","text":"Make a One-time Gift","url":"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3qP09tb"},{"id":"menu_link_content:5d7fa4d0-20a9-4591-82b3-507ecffcc390","text":"Give Monthly","url":"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3C4SbCq"},{"id":"menu_link_content:8628c6c5-05bb-49a4-8791-62f1d0aac24a","text":"Gifts in Wills and Trusts","url":"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/give-now\/legacy-giving"},{"id":"menu_link_content:5e178f12-1c58-44b5-95f4-4edc0c38ae15","text":"Partners for Justice","url":"https:\/\/donate.hrw.org\/page\/85608\/action\/1?promo_id=1008"},{"id":"menu_link_content:1a109a7b-8d09-4032-81fc-4601ae2ab008","text":"Stock or Wire Transfer","url":"https:\/\/donate.hrw.org\/page\/14723\/action\/1"},{"id":"menu_link_content:ca1120bb-1967-4ea5-a0d9-5bc490fbdc33","text":"Give from Your IRA","url":"\/QCD"}]}}],"buttons":[],"header_type":"internal"},"csp":{"nonce":"ACbNVmjYm9jwtU6tDcxd-A"},"hrw_textonly":{"low_bandwidth_threshold":7000},"hrw_suggestion":{"language":{"currentLangcode":"en","options":{"en":{"prompt":"Would you like to read this page in English?","string_yes":"Yes","string_dismiss":"No, don\u0027t ask again","link_url":"\/americas\/colombia","direction":"ltr"},"ar":{"prompt":"\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u061f","string_yes":"\u0646\u0639\u0645","string_dismiss":"\u0643\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0627","link_url":"\/ar\/americas\/kwlwmbya","direction":"rtl"},"zh-hans":{"prompt":"\u662f\u5426\u504f\u597d\u7528XYZ\u8bed\u8a00\u9605\u89c8\u672c\u9875\u9762\uff1f ","string_yes":"\u662f","string_dismiss":"\u5426\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u518d\u95ee","link_url":"\/zh-hans\/americas\/colombia","direction":"ltr"},"zh-hant":{"prompt":"\u662f\u5426\u504f\u597d\u4ee5XYZ\u8a9e\u8a00\u95b1\u89bd\u672c\u9801\u9762\uff1f","string_yes":"\u662f","string_dismiss":"\u5426\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u518d\u554f","link_url":"\/zh-hant\/americas\/colombia","direction":"ltr"},"fr":{"prompt":"Pr\u00e9f\u00e9reriez-vous lire cette page en fran\u00e7ais ?","string_yes":"Oui","string_dismiss":"Non, ne posez plus la question svp","link_url":"\/fr\/ameriques\/colombie","direction":"ltr"},"de":{"prompt":"M\u00f6chten Sie diese Seite lieber auf Deutsch lesen?","string_yes":"Ja","string_dismiss":"Nein, nicht wieder fragen","link_url":"\/de\/nord-und-suedamerika\/kolumbien","direction":"ltr"},"he":{"prompt":"Would you like to read this page in \u05e2\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea?","string_yes":"Yes","string_dismiss":"No, don\u0027t ask again","link_url":"\/he\/americas\/colombia","direction":"rtl"},"ja":{"prompt":"\u3053\u306e\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3067\u3054\u89a7\u306b\u306a\u308a\u305f\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b\uff1f","string_yes":"\u306f\u3044","string_dismiss":"\u3044\u3044\u3048\u3001\u6b21\u56de\u304b\u3089\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3067\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044","link_url":"\/ja\/americas\/colombia","direction":"ltr"},"pt":{"prompt":"Voc\u00ea prefere ler esta p\u00e1gina em portugu\u00eas?","string_yes":"Sim","string_dismiss":"N\u00e3o, n\u00e3o perguntar novamente","link_url":"\/pt\/americas\/colombia","direction":"ltr"},"ru":{"prompt":"\u0445\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435?","string_yes":"\u0434\u0430","string_dismiss":"\u043d\u0435\u0442, \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c","link_url":"\/ru\/americas\/colombia","direction":"ltr"},"es":{"prompt":"\u00bfPrefiere leer esta p\u00e1gina en espa\u00f1ol?","string_yes":"Si","string_dismiss":"No, no preguntes de nuevo.","link_url":"\/es\/americas\/colombia","direction":"ltr"}}}},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"bc8921424f39d39c64af84232b603fadae46f840a8176c1b2436a5ee00791ac5"}}</script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_3OQ4gqt77oCd-WdVfdnYaWlKoahZJ12ybH_E91ZtnNg.js?scope=footer&delta=0&language=en&theme=hrw_design&include=eJyVjVsSwjAIRTeUliVlaMIkmRLo5KF299qq4-un_nHgXK7TQuA0LyokrY6xnO0LhyHrlJhsJPRUjDtmZ5L-j2tbIToQ8MjGY0PGlQpMFPGUtFRDl8ZJZvClL8jjA832YGJ1c7Wu16YZfja746mmILD171x7CFRbUoFP_L4ySugY7ql2q1XhFZ7Dm3kFSPiOyA"></script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Colombia | Country Page | World | Human Rights Watch