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href="#Inkece_yezezibhangqiwe_njengohlobo_oluqondile_nanjengebizo_elihlanganisa_konke"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Inkece yezezibhangqiwe njengohlobo oluqondile nanjengebizo elihlanganisa konke</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inkece_yezezibhangqiwe_njengohlobo_oluqondile_nanjengebizo_elihlanganisa_konke-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inkece_yezezibhangqiwe_ngokumelene_nenkece_yendwalazo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inkece_yezezibhangqiwe_ngokumelene_nenkece_yendwalazo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Inkece yezezibhangqiwe ngokumelene nenkece yendwalazo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inkece_yezezibhangqiwe_ngokumelene_nenkece_yendwalazo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header 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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">INkece yezezibhangqiwe</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="عملة رقمية – isi-Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عملة رقمية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="isi-Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE" title="ডিজিটেল মুদ্ৰা – isi-Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ডিজিটেল মুদ্ৰা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="isi-Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C9%99q%C9%99msal_valyuta" title="Rəqəmsal valyuta – isi-Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rəqəmsal valyuta" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="isi-Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Цифрова валута – isi-Bulgari" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Цифрова валута" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="isi-Bulgari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE" title="ডিজিটাল মুদ্রা – isi-Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ডিজিটাল মুদ্রা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="isi-Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monedes_digitals" title="Monedes digitals – isi-Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Monedes digitals" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="isi-Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%B5" title="دراوی دیجیتاڵ – isi-Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دراوی دیجیتاڵ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="isi-Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digit%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_m%C4%9Bna" title="Digitální měna – isi-Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Digitální měna" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="isi-Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A8%CE%B7%CF%86%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%BD%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Ψηφιακό νόμισμα – isi-Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ψηφιακό νόμισμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="isi-Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_currency" title="Digital currency – i-English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Digital currency" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="i-English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cifereca_valuto" title="Cifereca valuto – isi-Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Cifereca valuto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="isi-Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moneda_digital" title="Moneda digital – isi-Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Moneda digital" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="isi-Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digiraha" title="Digiraha – isi-Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Digiraha" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="isi-Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diru_digital" title="Diru digital – isi-Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Diru digital" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="isi-Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B2_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84" title="ارز دیجیتال – isi-Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ارز دیجیتال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="isi-Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="डिजिटल मुद्रा – isi-Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="डिजिटल मुद्रा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="isi-Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digit%C3%A1lis_p%C3%A9nz" title="Digitális pénz – isi-Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Digitális pénz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="isi-Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AA%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%A9" title="Թվային արժույթ – isi-Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թվային արժույթ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="isi-Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mata_uang_digital" title="Mata uang digital – isi-Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mata uang digital" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="isi-Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafmynt" title="Rafmynt – isi-Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rafmynt" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="isi-Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%82%B8%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AB%E9%80%9A%E8%B2%A8" title="デジタル通貨 – isi-Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="デジタル通貨" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="isi-Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90" title="ციფრული ვალუტა – isi-Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ციფრული ვალუტა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="isi-Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%ED%86%B5%ED%99%94" title="디지털 통화 – isi-Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="디지털 통화" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="isi-Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perey%C3%AA_d%C3%AEj%C3%AEtal" title="Pereyê dîjîtal – isi-Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Pereyê dîjîtal" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="isi-Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Дигитална валута – isi-Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Дигитална валута" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="isi-Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%B9%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="ڈیجیٹل کرنسی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ڈیجیٹل کرنسی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%89%DB%8C%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%BC%D9%84_%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AF" title="ډیجیټل پولي واحد – isi-Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ډیجیټل پولي واحد" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="isi-Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moned%C4%83_digital%C4%83" title="Monedă digitală – isi-Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Monedă digitală" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="isi-Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Цифровая валюта – isi-Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Цифровая валюта" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="isi-Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_valuta" title="Digital valuta – isi-Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Digital valuta" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="isi-Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="எண்ணிம நாணயம் – isi-Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எண்ணிம நாணயம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="isi-Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BC%D3%A3" title="Арзи рақамӣ – isi-Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Арзи рақамӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="isi-Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5" title="สกุลเงินดิจิทัล – isi-Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สกุลเงินดิจิทัล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="isi-Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronik_para" title="Elektronik para – isi-Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Elektronik para" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="isi-Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Цифрова валюта – isi-Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Цифрова валюта" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="isi-Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%B9%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="ڈیجیٹل کرنسی – isi-Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ڈیجیٹل کرنسی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="isi-Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BB%81n_k%E1%BB%B9_thu%E1%BA%ADt_s%E1%BB%91" title="Tiền kỹ thuật số – isi-Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiền kỹ thuật số" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="isi-Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E8%B4%A7%E5%B8%81" title="数字货币 – isi-Wu Chinese" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="数字货币" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="isi-Wu Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E4%BD%8D%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3" title="數位貨幣 – isi-Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="數位貨幣" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="isi-Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E7%A2%BC%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3" title="數碼貨幣 – isi-Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="數碼貨幣" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="isi-Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q10836209#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Hlela interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Hlela 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typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Money_flower.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Money_flower.png/450px-Money_flower.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="338" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Money_flower.png/675px-Money_flower.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Money_flower.png/900px-Money_flower.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Ubungqwangqwa bemali, obusekelwe ku-"Central bank cryptocurrencies" ka-Morten Linnemann Bech noRodney Garratt</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Inkece yezezibhangqiwe</b> (ebizwa ngangokuthi <b>imali yezezibhangqiwe</b>, noma <b>inkece yesigabuzuba</b>) iyinoma iyiphi inkece, <a href="/wiki/Imali" title="Imali">imali</a>, noma impahla esamali ngokuyinhloko elawulwa, igcinwe noma yenanwe ezimisweni <a href="/wiki/IsiCikizi" title="IsiCikizi">zesiCikizi sezezibhangqiwe</a>, ikakhulu <a href="/wiki/Intanethi" class="mw-redirect" title="Intanethi">kuxhakaxholo</a>. Izinhlobo zenkece yezezibhangqiwe zihlanganisa <a href="/wiki/INkecesomane" title="INkecesomane">inkecesomane</a>, inkece yendwalazo <i>(virtual currency)</i> kanye <a href="/wiki/INkece_yezezibhangqiwe_yebhangengodla" title="INkece yezezibhangqiwe yebhangengodla">nenkece yezezibhangqiwe yebhangengodla</a>. Inkece yezezibhangqiwe ingaqoshwa kungcinamininigo okungeyomshumanqa noma ibhange, ngaphakathi kwezihele zezezibhangqiwe noma ekhadini elifakwe inani. </p><p>Izinkece zezezibhangqiwe zinezakhi ezifanayo nezezinkece ezingokwesiko, kodwa imvama azinas isimo esingokoqobo senkece esemthethweni ngokomlando okwaziyo okuyiphatha ngesandla, njengezinkece zephepha elishicilelwe noma izinhlamvu ezinyathelisiwe - kodwa zinaso isimo esingokoqobo ngomqondo wanamuhla wokunanana ukusuka esicikizini kuya kwesinye isicikizi nokusuka esicikizini kuya kumuntu kanye <a href="/wiki/UKwaziswa" title="UKwaziswa">nokwaziswa</a> namandla wokuhidanisa weziphakeli ezigcina futhi zigcine umkhondo wemali. Lesi simo soqobo sanamuhla sivumela ukutyengiaelana okusheshayo kuxhakaxholo futhi kwehlisa kakhulu izindleko eziyamaniswa nokusabalalisa imali yephepha nezinhlamvu. Ngokuvamile, izinkece zendwalazo, ezingakhishwa <a href="/wiki/UHulumeni" title="UHulumeni">uhulumeni</a>, azithathwa njengezisemthethweni futhi zivumela ukudluliswa kobunikazi nangaphesheya kwemingcele kahulumeni. </p><p>Lolu hlobo lwenkece lingasetshenziselwa ukuthenga <a href="/wiki/Izingudla" title="Izingudla">izingudla</a> zoqobo nezinkonzo, kodwa lungavmbelwa emphakathini ethile efana njengokusebenza ngaphakathi komfeketho wakuxhakaxholo. </p><p>Imali yezezibhangqiwe ingaba enyombonisiwe <i>(centralised)</i>, lapho kunesikhundla esiyinhloko esilawula ukuhlinzekwa kwayo ( isb. <a href="/w/index.php?title=IBhange&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IBhange (ikhasi alikho)">njengebhange</a>) noma ibe ngenyomboluliwe <i>(decentralised)</i>, lapho ulawulo phezu kwemali lunqunywa kusengaphambili noma kuvunyelwana ngaso ngokombusowabantu noma intando yeningi. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="uMlando">uMlando</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=INkece_yezezibhangqiwe&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Hlela isigaba: uMlando" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hlela</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=INkece_yezezibhangqiwe&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: uMlando"><span>Hlela umthombo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ngonyaka we-1983, iphepha locwaningo elinesihloko esithi <i>"Blind Signatures for Untraceable Payments"</i> lika-David Chaum langenisa isu lemali yezezibhangqiwe. Ngowe-1989, wasungula i-DigiCash, umshumanqa wemali yenzuba, e-Amsterdam ukuze afake amasu wocwaningo lwakhe kwezentengiselwano. Yafaka isicelo sokuhluleka ukukhokha izikweletu ngowe-1998. </p><p>Imali yoxhakaxholo yokuqala eyasethsenziswa kabanzi, ebizwa <i>e-gold</i>, yangeniswa ngowe-1996, futhi yakhula yaba nabasebenzisi bayo abayisigidi ngaphambi kokuba uhulumeni waseMelika ayivale ngowe-2008. Lomshumanqa obizwa <i>e-gold</i> kuye kwabhekiselwa kuwo ngelithi "inkece yezezibhangqiwe" kokubili izikhulu zaseMelika nakwezemfundo ephakeme. Ngowe-1997, i-Coca-Cola yethula uhlelo lokuthenga ngokukhokha ngomakhalekhukhwini ezinguxeni zokudayisa. Ngowezi-2009, kwanyakulwa i-Bitcoin, okwaba isiqalo sezinkece zezezibhangqiwe ezinyombululiwe ezisekwe <a href="/wiki/INgqukuhlu" title="INgqukuhlu">kwingqukuhlu</a> engenaso isiphakeli esiyinhloko, nengenazo izingqangqa eziphathekayo ezigodliwe. Izinceke zezezibhangqiwe ezisekwe kwiNgqukuhlu, eziphindwe zaziwe ngokuthi <a href="/wiki/INkecesomane" title="INkecesomane">inkecesomane</a> zaveza ukuba nenkani emizamweni kahulumeni yokuzilawula, ngoba kwakungenanhlangano noma umuntu ophethe nonamandla wokuzivala. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izinhlobo_zenkece_yezezibhangqiwe_nokuqhathaniswa_kwazo">Izinhlobo zenkece yezezibhangqiwe nokuqhathaniswa kwazo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=INkece_yezezibhangqiwe&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Hlela isigaba: Izinhlobo zenkece yezezibhangqiwe nokuqhathaniswa kwazo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hlela</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=INkece_yezezibhangqiwe&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Izinhlobo zenkece yezezibhangqiwe nokuqhathaniswa kwazo"><span>Hlela umthombo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inkece_yezezibhangqiwe_njengohlobo_oluqondile_nanjengebizo_elihlanganisa_konke">Inkece yezezibhangqiwe njengohlobo oluqondile nanjengebizo elihlanganisa konke</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=INkece_yezezibhangqiwe&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Hlela isigaba: Inkece yezezibhangqiwe njengohlobo oluqondile nanjengebizo elihlanganisa konke" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hlela</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=INkece_yezezibhangqiwe&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Inkece yezezibhangqiwe njengohlobo oluqondile nanjengebizo elihlanganisa konke"><span>Hlela umthombo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Inkece yezezibhangqiwe, ibizo elibhekisela kuhlobo oluqondile lwenkece yamazuba enezakhi eziqondile. Inkece yezezibhangqiwe kubuye kube ibizo elihlanganisa zonke ezinye izinhlobo zeqembu lwenkece yezezibhangqiwe, lomqondo oqondile unqunywa kuphela ezinhlakeni zomthetho nangokwengqikithi. Ngokomthetho, sekukhona izincasiselo eziningi zenkece yezezibhangqiwe kanye nezezinkece zezezibhangqiwe ezinhlobonhlobo. Ngokuhlanganisa izakhi okungenzeka zihlukene, kukhona nezindlela eziningi zokugununda kwazo ezidala izinkece zezezibhangqiwe ezingafani. Iningi lamagunya wohulumeni seligununde izincasiselo zalo zenkece yezezibhangqiwe, inkece yendwalazo, inkecesomane, imali yamazuba, nezinye izinhlobo zenkece yezezibhangqiwe. Phakathi kwamagunya wohulumeni athile, izinhlangano ezihlukene nabalawuli bayichasisa ngokungafani futhi kunemiqondo eshayisanayo yezinkece zezezibhangqiwe ezihlukene ezisekwe ezakhini ezithile zenkece ethile ehlukile. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inkece_yezezibhangqiwe_ngokumelene_nenkece_yendwalazo">Inkece yezezibhangqiwe ngokumelene nenkece yendwalazo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=INkece_yezezibhangqiwe&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Hlela isigaba: Inkece yezezibhangqiwe ngokumelene nenkece yendwalazo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hlela</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=INkece_yezezibhangqiwe&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Inkece yezezibhangqiwe ngokumelene nenkece yendwalazo"><span>Hlela umthombo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Inkece yendwalazo ichasiswa yiBhangengidla <a href="/wiki/IYurophu" title="IYurophu">laseYurophu</a> ngowezi-2012, ngokuthi "uhlobo lwemali yezezibhangqiwe, engalawuliwe, ekhishwa futhi ifinizwe ngabathuthukise bayo, futhi esetshenziswa futhi yamukelwe ngamalunga womphakathi wendwalazo." </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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