Michael Depp

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= '//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MF4NFW');</script> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-WKSKNQJ');</script>  <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#48acdb"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <link rel="home" href="https://www.cnas.org/" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.cnas.org/assets/stylesheets/app-36dbd1d487.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="//cloud.typography.com/6895734/7858552/css/fonts.css"> <script> function isTouchDevice() { return (('ontouchstart' in window) || (navigator.MaxTouchPoints > 0) || (navigator.msMaxTouchPoints > 0)); } function supportsObjectFit() { return ('objectFit' in document.documentElement.style === true); } var html = document.documentElement; html.className = html.className.replace('no-js', 'js'); html.classList.add((isTouchDevice() ? '' : 'no-') + 'touch'); html.classList.add((supportsObjectFit() ? '' : 'no-') + 'object-fit'); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://use.typekit.net/skl0tcm.css"> <script src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?render=6LdYExsqAAAAAIQrguiy7V0Mzf19k4izriCKzUBJ"></script> <script src="https://www.cnas.org/picturefill.min.js" async></script> <title>Michael Depp | CNAS</title><meta name="generator" content="SEOmatic"> <meta name="description" content="Michael Depp is a Research Associate supporting the center’s initiative on artificial intelligence safety and stability. His research focuses on the…"> <meta name="referrer" content="no-referrer-when-downgrade"> <meta name="robots" content="all"> <meta content="en_US" property="og:locale"> <meta content="CNAS" property="og:site_name"> <meta content="website" property="og:type"> <meta content="https://www.cnas.org/people/michael-depp" property="og:url"> <meta content="Michael Depp" property="og:title"> <meta content="Michael Depp is a Research Associate supporting the center’s initiative on artificial intelligence safety and stability. His research focuses on the…" property="og:description"> <meta content="Research Associate, AI Safety and Stability Project" property="og:image:alt"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Michael Depp"> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Michael Depp is a Research Associate supporting the center’s initiative on artificial intelligence safety and stability. His research focuses on the…"> <meta name="twitter:image:alt" content="Research Associate, AI Safety and Stability Project"> <link href="https://www.cnas.org/people/michael-depp" rel="canonical"> <link href="https://www.cnas.org" rel="home"> <link type="text/plain" href="https://www.cnas.org/humans.txt" rel="author"> <style> /* Progress bar */ .progress-header { z-index: 1; } /* The progress container (transparent background) */ .progress-container { width: 100%; height: 2px; background:rgba(0,0,0,0); } /* The progress bar (scroll indicator) */ .progress-bar { height: 2px; background: #43c1eb; width: 0%; } </style></head> <body style="font-family: freight-text-pro,sans-serif;color:#687279" class="subpage " data-spy="scroll" data-offset="60" data-target="#toc">  <noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MF4NFW" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-WKSKNQJ" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <header class="header"> <div class="header__inner"> <div class="header__flag"> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/" class="logo"> <span class="screenreader-only">Center for a New American Security</span> <img class="small-logo" src="/assets/images/CNAS-Logo-Web-NEW.png" alt="CNAS small logo"> </a> <ul id="megamenu-triggers" class="nav -primary"> <li> <button class="nav__button" aria-controls="research-menu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Open the Research Menu" data-module="collapsible" data-parent="megamenu-triggers"> <span class="nav__button__flex"> <span>Research</span> <span class="chevron -down"></span> </span> </button> </li> <li> <button class="nav__button" aria-controls="experts-menu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Open the Experts Menu" data-module="collapsible" data-parent="megamenu-triggers"> <span class="nav__button__flex"> <span>Experts</span> <span class="chevron -down"></span> </span> </button> </li> <li> <button class="nav__button" aria-controls="about-menu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Open the About Menu" data-module="collapsible" data-parent="megamenu-triggers"> <span class="nav__button__flex"> <span>About</span> <span class="chevron -down"></span> </span> </button> </li> </ul> </div> <ul class="nav -secondary"> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/events" class="nav__link"><span>Events</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/join" class="nav__link"><span>Subscribe</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/support-cnas" class="nav__link"><span>Support</span></a> </li> <li> <button class="nav__button -search" aria-controls="search-form" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Open the Search Form" data-module="collapsible"> <span class="nav__button__flex"> <span class="screenreader-only">Open the Search Form</span> <span class="sprite -magnifier "> <svg width="16" height="16" class="svgsprite"> <use xlink:href="/assets/images/icons.svg?v=2#magnifier"></use> </svg> </span> <span class="x"></span> </span> </button> </li> </ul> </div> <form id="search-form" action="https://www.cnas.org/search" method="get" aria-hidden="true" class="header__search"> <label for="q"> <span class="screenreader-only">Search by keyword:</span> </label> <input type="search" name="q" placeholder="What are you looking for?"> <button type="submit" class="square-chevron-button"> <span class="screenreader-only">Search</span> <span class="chevron -right -white"></span> </button> </form> <div id="research-menu" aria-hidden="true" class="megamenu"> <div class="menu"> <button type="button" class="megamenu__close x-button" data-js="close"> <span class="megamenu__close__flex"> <span class="screenreader-only">Close</span> <span class="x"></span> </span> </button> <div class="menu__pane -c2"> <h3 class="menu__heading" data-toc-skip>Publications</h3> <ul class="menu__list"> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/reports">Reports</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/articles-multimedia">Articles & Multimedia</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/articles-multimedia?type=congressional-testimony">Congressional Testimony</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/articles-multimedia?type=commentary">Commentary</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/articles-multimedia?type=video">Video</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/articles-multimedia?type=podcast">Podcast</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="menu__pane -c10"> <h3 class="menu__heading" data-toc-skip>Research Areas</h3> <ul class="menu__list"> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/defense">Defense</a> <ul class="hide-on-mobile"> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/defense/hard-choices-in-defense">Hard Choices in Defense</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/defense/the-future-of-warfare">The Future of Warfare</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/defense/strengthening-deterrence">Strengthening Deterrence</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/defense/wargaming">The Gaming Lab</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/defense/defense-discussions">Defense Discussions</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/indo-pacific-security">Indo-Pacific Security</a> <ul class="hide-on-mobile"> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/indo-pacific-security/china">The China Challenge</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/indo-pacific-security/regional-alliances-and-partnerships">Regional Alliances and Partnerships</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/indo-pacific-security/the-india-opportunity">The India Opportunity</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/indo-pacific-security/north-korea">The North Korea Threat</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/military-veterans-and-society">Military, Veterans & Society</a> <ul class="hide-on-mobile"> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/military-veterans-and-society/military">Military</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/military-veterans-and-society/veterans-1">Veterans</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/military-veterans-and-society/society">Society</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/transatlantic-security">Transatlantic Security</a> <ul class="hide-on-mobile"> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/transatlantic-security/russia">Russia</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/transatlantic-security/confronting-threats-to-democracy">Confronting Threats to Democracy</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/transatlantic-security/nato-and-european-security">NATO and European Security</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/transatlantic-security/the-future-of-europe">Responding to Strategic Challenges</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/middle-east-security">Middle East Security</a> <ul class="hide-on-mobile"> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/middle-east-security/israel-hamas-war">Israel-Hamas War</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/middle-east-security/evolving-the-mission">Evolving the Mission–Iraq/Syria/ISIS</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/middle-east-security/iran">Iran Futures</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/middle-east-security/constructing-regional-partnerships-and-seizing-emerging-opportunities">Constructing Regional Partnerships and Seizing Emerging Opportunities</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/middle-east-security/israel">Security Assistance</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/energy-economics-and-security">Energy, Economics & Security</a> <ul class="hide-on-mobile"> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/energy-economics-and-security/sanctions">Targeted Sanctions: Russia and Iran</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/energy-economics-and-security/economic-statecraft">Economic Statecraft</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/energy-economics-and-security/energy-exports">Energy & Geopolitics</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/energy-economics-and-security/sanctions-by-the-numbers">Sanctions by the Numbers</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/technology-and-national-security">Technology & National Security</a> <ul class="hide-on-mobile"> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/technology-and-national-security/artificial-intelligence-ssp">Artificial Intelligence</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/technology-and-national-security/technology-strategy">Technology Strategy</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/technology-and-national-security/5g-security">Critical Digital Infrastructure</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/technology-and-national-security/biotechnology">Biotechnology</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/congress-and-national-security">Securing U.S. Democracy Initiative</a> <ul class="hide-on-mobile"> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/congress-and-national-security/enhancing-dhs-oversight-accountability">Enhancing DHS Oversight & Accountability</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/congress-and-national-security/safe-home">Safe@Home</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/congress-and-national-security/intelligence-oversight">Congress and National Security</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/congress-and-national-security/key-national-security-issues">Renewing the National Security Consensus</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="experts-menu" aria-hidden="true" class="megamenu"> <div class="menu"> <button type="button" class="megamenu__close x-button" data-js="close"> <span class="megamenu__close__flex"> <span class="screenreader-only">Close</span> <span class="x"></span> </span> </button> <div class="menu__pane -c6"> <h3 class="menu__heading" data-toc-skip>Resident Experts</h3> <ul class="menu__list"> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/experts">All Resident Experts</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu__list"> <li class="break"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/molly-campbell">Molly Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/vivek-chilukuri">Vivek Chilukuri</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/carrie-cordero">Carrie Cordero</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/lisa-curtis">Lisa Curtis</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/michael-depp">Michael Depp</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/bill-drexel">Bill Drexel</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/janet-egan">Janet Egan</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/joshua-fitt">Joshua Fitt</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/richard-fontaine">Richard Fontaine</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/geoffrey-gertz">Geoffrey Gertz</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/noah-greene">Noah Greene</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/carlton-haelig">Carlton Haelig</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/sam-howell">Sam Howell</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/kate-johnston">Kate Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/andrea-kendall-taylor">Andrea Kendall-Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/emily-kilcrease">Emily Kilcrease</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/katherine-kuzminski">Katherine L. Kuzminski</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/nicholas-lokker">Nicholas Lokker</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/jonathan-lord">Jonathan Lord</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/gibbs-mckinley">Gibbs McKinley</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/carisa-nietsche">Carisa Nietsche</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/stacie-pettyjohn">Stacie Pettyjohn</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/ruby-scanlon">Ruby Scanlon</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/paul-scharre">Paul Scharre</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/philip-sheers">Philip Sheers</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/jacob-stokes">Jacob Stokes</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/taren-sylvester">Taren Sylvester</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/adam-h-tong">Adam H. Tong</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/constanza-m-vidal-bustamante">Constanza M. Vidal Bustamante</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/josh-wallin">Josh Wallin</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/becca-wasser">Becca Wasser</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/caleb-withers">Caleb Withers</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/robert-work">Robert O. Work</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="menu__pane -c6"> <h3 class="menu__heading" data-toc-skip>Adjunct Experts</h3> <ul class="menu__list"> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/experts#adjunct">All Adjunct Experts</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu__list"> <li class="break"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/manpreet-singh-anand">Manpreet Singh Anand</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/brandon-j-archuleta">Brandon J. Archuleta</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/lt-gen-robert-ashley-jr-ret">Lt. Gen. Robert Ashley, Jr. (Ret.)</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/christian-beckner">Christian Beckner</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/samuel-bendett">Samuel Bendett</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/paul-benfield">Paul Benfield</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/rachel-brandenburg">Rachel Brandenburg</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/dr-jonathan-brewer">Dr. Jonathan Brewer</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/josh-campbell">Josh Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/pablo-chavez">Pablo Chavez</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/richard-connolly">Richard Connolly</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/john-costello">John Costello</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/eitan-danon">Eitan Danon</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/richard-j-danzig">Richard J. Danzig</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/jason-dempsey">Jason Dempsey</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/yaya-j-fanusie">Yaya J. Fanusie</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/ryan-fedasiuk">Ryan Fedasiuk</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/david-feith">David Feith</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/edward-fishman-1">Edward Fishman</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/tim-fist">Tim Fist</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/greg-grant">Greg Grant</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/dr-erik-lin-greenberg">Dr. Erik Lin-Greenberg</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/michael-greenwald">Michael Greenwald</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/hamzeh-hadad">Hamzeh Hadad</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/hon-robert-f-hale">Hon. Robert F. Hale</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/heli-hautala">Heli Hautala</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/franz-stefan-gady">Franz-Stefan Gady</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/jeannette-gaudry-haynie">Dr. Jeannette Gaudry Haynie</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/jacob-helberg">Jacob Helberg</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/michelle-holko-phd-pmp">Michelle Holko, PhD, PMP</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/john-hughes">John Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/kyleanne-hunter">Dr. Kyleanne Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/ltg-anthony-r-tony-ierardi-usa-ret">LTG Anthony R. "Tony" Ierardi, USA (Ret.)</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/akira-igata">Akira Igata</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/elsa-b-kania">Elsa B. Kania</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/robert-kaplan">Robert D. Kaplan</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/duyeon-kim">Dr. Duyeon Kim</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/christopher-d-kolenda">Christopher D. Kolenda</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/margarita-rita-konaev">Margarita "Rita" Konaev</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/steven-kosiak">Steven Kosiak</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/dr-andrew-f-krepinevich-jr">Dr. Andrew F. Krepinevich, Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/thomas-krueger">Thomas Krueger</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/peter-l-levin">Peter L. Levin</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/jennifer-mcardle">Jennifer McArdle</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/brendan-mccord">Brendan McCord</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/dr-ed-mcgrady">Dr. ED McGrady</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/trey-meeks">Trey Meeks</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/jack-midgley">Jack Midgley</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/j-travis-mosier">J Travis Mosier</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/dr-go-myong-hyun">Dr. Go Myong-Hyun</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/catherine-a-novelli">Catherine A. Novelli</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/dr-john-park">Dr. John Park</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/dr-lynne-e-parker">Dr. Lynne E. Parker</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/ben-renda">Ben Renda</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/diem-salmon">Diem Salmon</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/jordan-schneider">Jordan Schneider</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/peter-schroeder">Peter Schroeder</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/michael-sellitto">Michael Sellitto</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/vance-serchuk">Vance Serchuk</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/mark-seip">Mark Seip</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/lt-gen-jack-shanahan-usaf-ret">John (Jack) N.T. Shanahan</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/tom-shugart">Tom Shugart</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/daniel-silverberg">Daniel Silverberg</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/alexander-sullivan">Alexander Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/tobias-switzer">Tobias Switzer</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/rachel-tecott">Rachel Tecott Metz</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/alanna-c-torres-van-antwerp">Alanna C. Torres-Van Antwerp</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/jim-townsend">Jim Townsend</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/richard-verma">Richard R. Verma</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/anthony-vinci">Anthony Vinci</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/jon-b-wolfsthal">Jon B. Wolfsthal</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/alex-zerden">Alex Zerden</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/rachel-ziemba">Rachel Ziemba</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/morgan-poyant">Morgan Poyant</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="about-menu" aria-hidden="true" class="megamenu"> <div class="menu"> <button type="button" class="megamenu__close x-button" data-js="close"> <span class="megamenu__close__flex"> <span class="screenreader-only">Close</span> <span class="x"></span> </span> </button> <div class="menu__pane -c2"> <h3 class="menu__heading" data-toc-skip>Who We Are</h3> <ul class="menu__list"> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/mission">Mission</a></li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/people?group=full-time-staff">People</a> <ul> <li class="hide-on-mobile"><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people?group=full-time-staff">Full-Time Staff</a></li> <li class="hide-on-mobile"><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people?group=executive-team">Executive Team</a></li> <li class="hide-on-mobile"><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people?group=board-of-directors">Board of Directors</a></li> <li class="hide-on-mobile"><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people?group=board-of-advisors">Board of Advisors</a></li> <li class="hide-on-mobile"><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people?group=directors-emeriti">Directors Emeriti</a></li> <li class="hide-on-mobile"><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people?group=distinguished-senior-fellows">Distinguished Senior Fellows</a></li> <li class="hide-on-mobile"><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people?group=adjunct-staff">Adjunct Fellows</a></li> <li class="hide-on-mobile"><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people?group=visting-fellow">Senior Military Fellows</a></li> <li class="hide-on-mobile"><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people?group=joseph-s-nye">Joseph S. Nye Interns</a></li> <li class="hide-on-mobile"><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people?group=cnas-supporters">CNAS Supporters</a></li> <li class="hide-on-mobile"><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people?group=next-generation-national-security-fellows">Next Generation National Security Fellows</a></li> <li class="hide-on-mobile"><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people?group=visiting-fellow">Visiting Fellows</a></li> <li class="hide-on-mobile"><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people?group=writer-in-residence">Writer in Residence</a></li> <li class="hide-on-mobile"><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people?group=in-memoriam">In Memoriam</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/careers">Careers</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/careers/internships">Internships</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="menu__pane -c6"> <h3 class="menu__heading" data-toc-skip>CNAS Programs</h3> <ul class="menu__list"> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/next-generation-programs">Next Generation Programs</a> <ul class="hide-on-mobile"> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/next-generation-programs/nextgeneration">The Shawn Brimley Next Generation National Security Leaders Fellowship</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/next-generation-programs/robert-m-gates-fellowship">Robert M. Gates Fellowship</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/next-generation-programs/1lt-andrew-j-bacevich-jr-usa-award">1LT Andrew J. Bacevich Jr., USA Award</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/next-generation-programs/make-room-initiative">Make Room</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/next-generation-programs/internships">Joseph S. Nye, Jr. National Security Internship and Mentoring Program</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/next-generation-programs/the-pitch-a-competition-of-new-ideas">The Pitch: A Competition of New Ideas</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/women-in-national-security">Women in National Security</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/visiting-fellows">Visiting Fellows</a> <ul class="hide-on-mobile"> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/visiting-fellows/writers-in-residence">Writers in Residence</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/visiting-fellows/senior-military-fellows-program">Senior Military Fellows Program</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/support-cnas">Support CNAS</a> <ul class="hide-on-mobile"> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/support-cnas/cnas-council">Join the CNAS Council</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/support-cnas/cnas-corporate-partnership-program">CNAS Corporate Partnership Program</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/support-cnas/frequently-asked-questions">Frequently Asked Questions</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="menu__pane -c2"> <h3 class="menu__heading" data-toc-skip>Press</h3> <ul class="menu__list"> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/press">All Press</a></li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/photos">Photos</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="menu__pane -c2"> <h3 class="menu__heading" data-toc-skip>Events</h3> <ul class="menu__list"> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/events">All Events</a></li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/events/cnas-2024-national-security-conference-high-stakes">CNAS 2024 National Security Conference: High Stakes</a> </li> </ul> <h3 class="menu__heading" data-toc-skip>Connect</h3> <ul class="menu__list"> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/support-cnas">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/contact">Contact</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/join">Subscribe</a></li> </ul> <ul class="menu__social"> <li> <a href="https://twitter.com/cnasdc" title="Twitter"> <span class="sprite -twitter "> <svg width="16" height="16" class="svgsprite"> <title>Twitter</title> <use xlink:href="/assets/images/icons.svg?v=2#twitter"></use> </svg> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/CNASdc" title="YouTube"> <span class="sprite -youtube "> <svg width="16" height="16" class="svgsprite"> <title>YouTube</title> <use xlink:href="/assets/images/icons.svg?v=2#youtube"></use> </svg> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/CNASdc" title="Facebook"> <span class="sprite -facebook "> <svg width="16" height="16" class="svgsprite"> <title>Facebook</title> <use xlink:href="/assets/images/icons.svg?v=2#facebook"></use> </svg> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#422b2c242d02212c23316c2d3025" title="Email"> <span class="sprite -email "> <svg width="16" height="16" class="svgsprite"> <title>Email</title> <use xlink:href="/assets/images/icons.svg?v=2#email"></use> </svg> </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="progress-header"> <div class="progress-container"> <div class="progress-bar" id="myBar"></div> </div> </div>  </header> <main id="content" role="main"> <div class="wrapper -full profile-header"> <div class="profile-header__photo"> <picture> <source srcset="https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/thumbnails/_753x769_scale_center-center_100_none/Michael_Depp-2024-thumbnail.jpg 1x" media="(min-width: 1px) and (max-width: 767px)" > <img class="block" src="https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/thumbnails/_440x450_scale_center-center_100_none/Michael_Depp-2024-thumbnail.jpg" srcset="https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/thumbnails/_440x450_scale_center-center_100_none/Michael_Depp-2024-thumbnail.jpg 1x" > </picture> </div> <div class="profile-header__content blue-box"> <h1 class="page-title white">Michael Depp</h1> <p class="dark medium margin-top-half-em">Research Associate, AI Safety and Stability Project</p> <ul class="profile-meta"> <li> <span class="sprite -email "> <svg width="16" height="16" class="svgsprite"> <use xlink:href="/assets/images/icons.svg?v=2#email"></use> </svg> </span> <span>Press: <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="04676b69697744676a65772a6b7663">[email protected]</a></span> </li> <li> <span class="sprite -camera "> <svg width="16" height="16" class="svgsprite"> <use xlink:href="/assets/images/icons.svg?v=2#camera"></use> </svg> </span> <a href="https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/portraits/Michael_Depp-4544-1.jpg" type="image/jpeg" title="High-res Photo for Michael Depp">View High-res Photo</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="wysiwyg margin-vertical"> <p>Michael Depp is a Research Associate supporting the center’s initiative on artificial intelligence safety and stability. His research focuses on the international governance of AI, integration of AI into nuclear weapon systems, and military uses of AI.</p> <p>Before joining CNAS, he was a junior fellow and program coordinator for ORF America and a program coordinator at the EastWest Institute where he worked on technology policy issues. He received his B.A. from Bard College and his M.A. from New York University.</p> <p>His writing has appeared in the <em>War on the Rocks</em>, <em>Foreign Policy</em>, <em>South China Morning Pos</em>t, <em>Lawfare</em>, <em>The National Interest</em>, <em>The Diplomat</em>, and the Modern War Institute.</p> </div> <p class="center"><a href="https://cnas.secure.force.com/donate" class="button -solid">Support CNAS</a></p> </div> <section class="publications-block wrapper -extra-large margin-vertical-2x"> <h2 class="section-title -custom -related margin-bottom-half-em"> <span class="custom-text"> <span>Recent</span> Publications & News </span> </h2> <div class="wrapper -custom"> <ul class="entry-listing"> <li class="-with-image"> <div class="labeled-image"> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/publications/commentary/cnas-experts-offer-guidance-for-2025-ai-action-summit-in-paris" aria-label="Guidance for the 2025 AI Action Summit in Paris - image link"> <img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" srcset=" https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/hero/_165x110_crop_center-center_none/artificial-intelligence.jpeg 165w, https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/hero/_285x190_crop_center-center_none/artificial-intelligence.jpeg 285w, https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/hero/_400x267_crop_center-center_none/artificial-intelligence.jpeg 400w" sizes="(min-width: 600px) 285px, (min-width: 430px) 400px, calc(100vw - 30px)" width="400" height="267" class="desaturate" alt=""> </a> <span class="label">Commentary</span> </div> <ul class="entry-listing__meta"> <li>November 26, 2024</li> </ul> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/publications/commentary/cnas-experts-offer-guidance-for-2025-ai-action-summit-in-paris" class="sans-serif fz16 bold margin-top-half-em">Guidance for the 2025 AI Action Summit in Paris</a> <p class="fz15 margin-top-1em"> <span class="screenreader-only">By</span> Janet Egan, Michael Depp, Noah Greene & Caleb Withers </p> </li> <li class="-with-image"> <div class="labeled-image"> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/press/noteworthy/noteworthy-memorandum-on-advancing-the-united-states-leadership-in-artificial-intelligence" aria-label="Noteworthy: “Memorandum on Advancing the United States’ Leadership in Artificial Intelligence” - image link"> <img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" srcset=" https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/title/_165x110_crop_center-center_none/Jake-Sullivan-National-Security-Advisor-White-House-Getty-v2.jpg 165w, https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/title/_285x190_crop_center-center_none/Jake-Sullivan-National-Security-Advisor-White-House-Getty-v2.jpg 285w, https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/title/_400x267_crop_center-center_none/Jake-Sullivan-National-Security-Advisor-White-House-Getty-v2.jpg 400w" sizes="(min-width: 600px) 285px, (min-width: 430px) 400px, calc(100vw - 30px)" width="400" height="267" class="desaturate" alt=""> </a> <span class="label">Noteworthy</span> </div> <ul class="entry-listing__meta"> <li>October 25, 2024</li> </ul> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/press/noteworthy/noteworthy-memorandum-on-advancing-the-united-states-leadership-in-artificial-intelligence" class="sans-serif fz16 bold margin-top-half-em">Noteworthy: “Memorandum on Advancing the United States’ Leadership in Artificial Intelligence”</a> <p class="fz15 margin-top-1em"> <span class="screenreader-only">By</span> Paul Scharre, Vivek Chilukuri, Geoffrey Gertz, Bill Drexel, Janet Egan, Constanza M. Vidal Bustamante, Sam Howell, Michael Depp, Caleb Withers, Noah Greene, Ruby Scanlon & Morgan Peirce </p> </li> <li class="-with-image"> <div class="labeled-image"> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/publications/commentary/a-blueprint-for-a-functional-china-us-working-group-on-ai" aria-label="A Blueprint for a Functional China-US Working Group on AI - image link"> <img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" srcset=" https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/hero/_165x110_crop_center-center_none/China-United-States-flags.jpeg 165w, https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/hero/_285x190_crop_center-center_none/China-United-States-flags.jpeg 285w, https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/hero/_400x267_crop_center-center_none/China-United-States-flags.jpeg 400w" sizes="(min-width: 600px) 285px, (min-width: 430px) 400px, calc(100vw - 30px)" width="400" height="267" class="desaturate" alt=""> </a> <span class="label">Commentary</span> </div> <ul class="entry-listing__meta"> <li>The Diplomat</li> <li>April 27, 2024</li> </ul> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/publications/commentary/a-blueprint-for-a-functional-china-us-working-group-on-ai" class="sans-serif fz16 bold margin-top-half-em">A Blueprint for a Functional China-US Working Group on AI</a> <p class="fz15 margin-top-1em"> <span class="screenreader-only">By</span> Michael Depp </p> </li> <li class="-with-image"> <div class="labeled-image"> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/publications/commentary/the-next-step-in-military-ai-multilateralism" aria-label="The Next Step in Military AI Multilateralism - image link"> <img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" srcset=" https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/hero/_165x110_crop_center-center_none/Russia-missile-nuclear.jpeg 165w, https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/hero/_285x190_crop_center-center_none/Russia-missile-nuclear.jpeg 285w, https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/hero/_400x267_crop_center-center_none/Russia-missile-nuclear.jpeg 400w" sizes="(min-width: 600px) 285px, (min-width: 430px) 400px, calc(100vw - 30px)" width="400" height="267" class="desaturate" alt=""> </a> <span class="label">Commentary</span> </div> <ul class="entry-listing__meta"> <li>Lawfare</li> <li>March 26, 2024</li> </ul> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/publications/commentary/the-next-step-in-military-ai-multilateralism" class="sans-serif fz16 bold margin-top-half-em">The Next Step in Military AI Multilateralism</a> <p class="fz15 margin-top-1em"> <span class="screenreader-only">By</span> Michael Depp </p> </li> <li class="-with-image"> <div class="labeled-image"> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/publications/commentary/artificial-intelligence-and-nuclear-stability" aria-label="Artificial Intelligence and Nuclear Stability - image link"> <img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" srcset=" https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/hero/_165x110_crop_center-center_none/nuclear-silo.jpg 165w, https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/hero/_285x190_crop_center-center_none/nuclear-silo.jpg 285w, https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/hero/_400x267_crop_center-center_none/nuclear-silo.jpg 400w" sizes="(min-width: 600px) 285px, (min-width: 430px) 400px, calc(100vw - 30px)" width="400" height="267" class="desaturate" alt=""> </a> <span class="label">Commentary</span> </div> <ul class="entry-listing__meta"> <li>War on the Rocks</li> <li>January 16, 2024</li> </ul> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/publications/commentary/artificial-intelligence-and-nuclear-stability" class="sans-serif fz16 bold margin-top-half-em">Artificial Intelligence and Nuclear Stability</a> <p class="fz15 margin-top-1em"> <span class="screenreader-only">By</span> Paul Scharre & Michael Depp </p> </li> </ul> <p class="margin-top-1em"> <a href="/reports?author=michael-depp" class="button">View All Reports <span class="screenreader-only">by Michael Depp</span></a> <a href="/articles-multimedia?author=michael-depp" class="button">View All Articles & Multimedia <span class="screenreader-only">by Michael Depp</span></a> </p> </div> <dl class="publications-block__nav"> <dt> <span class="screenreader-only">More</span> Publications <span class="screenreader-only">by Michael Depp</span> </dt> <dd><a href="https://www.cnas.org/articles-multimedia?type=commentary&author=michael-depp">Commentaries</a></dd> <dt> Press <span class="screenreader-only">Relating to Michael Depp</span> </dt> <dd><a href="https://www.cnas.org/press?type=noteworthy&author=michael-depp">Noteworthies</a></dd> <dd><a href="https://www.cnas.org/press?type=press-note&author=michael-depp">Press Notes</a></dd> </dl> </section> </main> <footer class="footer"> <div class="footer__inner"> <dl class="footer__contact-info"> <dt class="screenreader-only">Address:</dt> <dd> <span class="sprite -pin "> <svg width="16" height="16" class="svgsprite"> <use xlink:href="/assets/images/icons.svg?v=2#pin"></use> </svg> </span> <span> Center for a New American Security<br> 1701 Pennsylvania Ave NW<br> Suite 700<br> Washington, DC 20006 </span> </dd> <dt class="screenreader-only">Phone:</dt> <dd> <span class="sprite -phone "> <svg width="16" height="16" class="svgsprite"> <use xlink:href="/assets/images/icons.svg?v=2#phone"></use> </svg> </span> <span>(202) 457-9400</span> </dd> <dt class="screenreader-only">Email:</dt> <dd> <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#f39a9d959cb3909d9280dd9c8194"> <span class="sprite -email "> <svg width="16" height="16" class="svgsprite"> <use xlink:href="/assets/images/icons.svg?v=2#email"></use> </svg> </span> <span><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="f990979f96b99a97988ad7968b9e">[email protected]</span></span> </a> </dd> </dl> <ul class="footer__social-nav"> <li> <a href="https://twitter.com/cnasdc"> <span class="sprite -twitter "> <svg width="16" height="16" class="svgsprite"> <use xlink:href="/assets/images/icons.svg?v=2#twitter"></use> </svg> </span> <span>Twitter</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/center-for-a-new-american-security/"> <span class="sprite -linkedin "> <svg width="16" height="16" class="svgsprite"> <use xlink:href="/assets/images/icons.svg?v=2#linkedin"></use> </svg> </span> <span>LinkedIn</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/CNASdc"> <span class="sprite -youtube "> <svg width="16" height="16" class="svgsprite"> <use xlink:href="/assets/images/icons.svg?v=2#youtube"></use> </svg> </span> <span>YouTube</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://instagram.com/cnasdc"> <span class="sprite -instagram "> <svg width="16" height="16" class="svgsprite"> <use xlink:href="/assets/images/icons.svg?v=2#instagram"></use> </svg> </span> <span>Instagram</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/CNASdc"> <span class="sprite -facebook "> <svg width="16" height="16" class="svgsprite"> <use xlink:href="/assets/images/icons.svg?v=2#facebook"></use> </svg> </span> <span>Facebook</span> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="footer__supplementary-nav"> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/mission">About</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/events">Events</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/careers/internships">Internships</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/careers">Careers</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/support-cnas">Support CNAS</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/join">Subscribe</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/press">Press</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/contact">Contact</a></li> </ul> <p class="footer__copyright"> © 2024 Center for a New American Security. </p> </div> <div class="return-top"> <a href="#top" title="Return to top"> <img class="return-top-icon" alt="Return to top" src="/assets/images/return-top-white.png"> </a> </div> </footer> <script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script src="https://www.cnas.org/assets/javascripts/app-83c83bd3c129aa526fb9.js"></script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebSite","author":{"@id":"#identity"},"copyrightHolder":{"@id":"#identity"},"copyrightYear":"2022","creator":{"@id":"#creator"},"dateCreated":"2022-12-15T15:19:15-05:00","dateModified":"2024-09-24T12:57:44-04:00","datePublished":"2022-12-15T15:13:00-05:00","description":"Michael Depp is a Research Associate supporting the center’s initiative on artificial intelligence safety and stability. His research focuses on the international governance of AI, integration of AI into nuclear weapon systems, and military uses of AI. Before joining CNAS, he was a junior fellow and program coordinator for ORF America and a program coordinator at the EastWest Institute where he worked on technology policy issues. He received his B.A. from Bard College and his M.A. from New York University. His writing has appeared in the War on the Rocks , Foreign Policy , South China Morning Pos t, Lawfare , The National Interest , The Diplomat , and the Modern War Institute.","headline":"Michael Depp","inLanguage":"en-us","mainEntityOfPage":"https://www.cnas.org/people/michael-depp","name":"Michael Depp","publisher":{"@id":"#creator"},"url":"https://www.cnas.org/people/michael-depp"},{"@id":"#identity","@type":"LocalBusiness","priceRange":"$"},{"@id":"#creator","@type":"Organization"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","description":"Breadcrumbs list","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","item":"https://www.cnas.org","name":"Homepage","position":1},{"@type":"ListItem","item":"https://www.cnas.org/people","name":"People Landing Page","position":2},{"@type":"ListItem","item":"https://www.cnas.org/people/michael-depp","name":"Michael Depp","position":3}],"name":"Breadcrumbs"}]}</script><script>window.rsk = "6LdYExsqAAAAAIQrguiy7V0Mzf19k4izriCKzUBJ"; // Progress bar window.onscroll = function() {progressScroll()}; function progressScroll() { var winScroll = document.body.scrollTop || document.documentElement.scrollTop; var height = document.documentElement.scrollHeight - document.documentElement.clientHeight; var scrolled = (winScroll / height) * 100; document.getElementById("myBar").style.width = scrolled + "%"; };</script></body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Michael Depp | CNAS